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57318587e6313a140071d019
Muammar_Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ...
Who won the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights in 1989?
{ "text": [ "Nelson Mandela" ], "answer_start": [ 1524 ] }
57318587e6313a140071d01a
Muammar_Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ...
What was Mandela's nationality?
{ "text": [ "South African" ], "answer_start": [ 1486 ] }
5731860d05b4da19006bd22c
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap...
What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988?
{ "text": [ "army and police" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
5731860d05b4da19006bd22d
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap...
What chemical weapon did Libya start making in 1987?
{ "text": [ "mustard gas" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
5731860d05b4da19006bd22e
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap...
Where did Libya manufacture mustard gas?
{ "text": [ "Rabta" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
5731860d05b4da19006bd22f
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap...
Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?
{ "text": [ "Misrata" ], "answer_start": [ 803 ] }
5731860d05b4da19006bd230
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap...
Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995?
{ "text": [ "Benghazi" ], "answer_start": [ 873 ] }
5731869a497a881900248fab
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan ...
Along with Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, who was a founding member of the Arab Maghreb Union?
{ "text": [ "Mauritania" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
5731869a497a881900248fac
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan ...
How many people not on Pan Am Flight 103 were killed by its destruction?
{ "text": [ "11" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
5731869a497a881900248fad
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan ...
Along with Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, who was suspected of the attack on Pan Am Flight 103?
{ "text": [ "Abdelbaset al-Megrahi" ], "answer_start": [ 504 ] }
5731869a497a881900248fae
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan ...
What 1992 UN Resolution imposed sanctions on Libya for its refusal to hand over the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing suspects?
{ "text": [ "748" ], "answer_start": [ 753 ] }
5731869a497a881900248faf
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan ...
What was the value of the economic losses experienced by Libya as a result of Resolution 748?
{ "text": [ "$900 million" ], "answer_start": [ 906 ] }
5731870e497a881900248fb5
Muammar_Gaddafi
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states...
What organization did Libya join in 1999?
{ "text": [ "Community of Sahel-Saharan States" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
5731870e497a881900248fb6
Muammar_Gaddafi
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states...
Where did the OAU summit in July 1999 occur?
{ "text": [ "Algiers" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
5731870e497a881900248fb7
Muammar_Gaddafi
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states...
What organization was founded in July of 2002?
{ "text": [ "African Union" ], "answer_start": [ 668 ] }
5731870e497a881900248fb8
Muammar_Gaddafi
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states...
What is COMESA?
{ "text": [ "Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 1195 ] }
5731870e497a881900248fb9
Muammar_Gaddafi
As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states...
Who was the president of South Africa circa 2002?
{ "text": [ "Thabo Mbeki" ], "answer_start": [ 908 ] }
5731878b497a881900248fbf
Muammar_Gaddafi
The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against m...
What world leader notably visited Libya in 2002?
{ "text": [ "Jiang Zemin" ], "answer_start": [ 565 ] }
5731878b497a881900248fc0
Muammar_Gaddafi
The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against m...
What conflict prompted Libya to end its nuclear weapons program?
{ "text": [ "Iraq War" ], "answer_start": [ 624 ] }
5731878b497a881900248fc1
Muammar_Gaddafi
The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against m...
What world leader visited Gaddafi in 2004?
{ "text": [ "Tony Blair" ], "answer_start": [ 844 ] }
5731878b497a881900248fc2
Muammar_Gaddafi
The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against m...
In what city is the EU headquarters located?
{ "text": [ "Brussels" ], "answer_start": [ 997 ] }
5731878b497a881900248fc3
Muammar_Gaddafi
The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against m...
How much money did Libya receive to stem the flow of African migrants into Europe?
{ "text": [ "€50 million" ], "answer_start": [ 1152 ] }
57318873497a881900248fd3
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a Ma...
In what month and year did Gaddafi make a speech promoting economic privatization?
{ "text": [ "March 2003" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
57318873497a881900248fd4
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a Ma...
How much direct foreign investment existed in Libya circa 2004?
{ "text": [ "$40 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
57318873497a881900248fd5
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a Ma...
By what factor did direct foreign investment in Libya increase between 2003 and 2004?
{ "text": [ "sixfold" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
57318873497a881900248fd6
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a Ma...
According to the plan of 2010, what fraction of Libya's economy was intended to be privatized?
{ "text": [ "half" ], "answer_start": [ 793 ] }
57318873497a881900248fd7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya's economy witnessed increasing privatization; although rejecting the socialist policies of nationalized industry advocated in The Green Book, government figures asserted that they were forging "people's socialism" rather than capitalism. Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a Ma...
As of October 2009, who was the head of the PSLC?
{ "text": [ "Saif al-Islam Gaddafi" ], "answer_start": [ 1173 ] }
5731890be6313a140071d050
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl...
In what year did the so-called Arab Spring occur?
{ "text": [ "2011" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
5731890be6313a140071d051
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl...
Who was the president of Tunisia in 2011?
{ "text": [ "Zine El Abidine Ben Ali" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
5731890be6313a140071d052
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl...
About what percentage of the Libyan population was unemployed in 2011?
{ "text": [ "30" ], "answer_start": [ 810 ] }
5731890be6313a140071d053
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl...
On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya?
{ "text": [ "17 February" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
5731890be6313a140071d054
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl...
Along with corruption, what were Libyans upset with in 2011?
{ "text": [ "patronage" ], "answer_start": [ 761 ] }
5731899305b4da19006bd24a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Accusing the rebels of being "drugged" and linked to al-Qaeda, Gaddafi proclaimed that he would die a martyr rather than leave Libya. As he announced that the rebels would be "hunted down street by street, house by house and wardrobe by wardrobe", the army opened fire on protests in Benghazi, killing hundreds. Shocked ...
Who did Gaddafi accuse the Libyan rebels of being linked to?
{ "text": [ "al-Qaeda" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
5731899305b4da19006bd24b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Accusing the rebels of being "drugged" and linked to al-Qaeda, Gaddafi proclaimed that he would die a martyr rather than leave Libya. As he announced that the rebels would be "hunted down street by street, house by house and wardrobe by wardrobe", the army opened fire on protests in Benghazi, killing hundreds. Shocked ...
How many protesters were killed in Benghazi?
{ "text": [ "hundreds" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
5731899305b4da19006bd24c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Accusing the rebels of being "drugged" and linked to al-Qaeda, Gaddafi proclaimed that he would die a martyr rather than leave Libya. As he announced that the rebels would be "hunted down street by street, house by house and wardrobe by wardrobe", the army opened fire on protests in Benghazi, killing hundreds. Shocked ...
What rebel organization was founded in Benghazi?
{ "text": [ "National Transitional Council" ], "answer_start": [ 641 ] }
5731899305b4da19006bd24d
Muammar_Gaddafi
Accusing the rebels of being "drugged" and linked to al-Qaeda, Gaddafi proclaimed that he would die a martyr rather than leave Libya. As he announced that the rebels would be "hunted down street by street, house by house and wardrobe by wardrobe", the army opened fire on protests in Benghazi, killing hundreds. Shocked ...
Cities in what geographic part of Libya were controlled by rebels?
{ "text": [ "eastern" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
5731899305b4da19006bd24e
Muammar_Gaddafi
Accusing the rebels of being "drugged" and linked to al-Qaeda, Gaddafi proclaimed that he would die a martyr rather than leave Libya. As he announced that the rebels would be "hunted down street by street, house by house and wardrobe by wardrobe", the army opened fire on protests in Benghazi, killing hundreds. Shocked ...
Along with Benghazi and Misrata, what cities did the rebels control in February?
{ "text": [ "al-Bayda and Tobruk" ], "answer_start": [ 571 ] }
57318a0ae6313a140071d06c
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the conflict's early months it appeared that Gaddafi's government – with its greater firepower – would be victorious. Both sides disregarded the laws of war, committing human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions and revenge attacks. On 26 February the United Nations Security ...
As a result of Resolution 1970, what body was Libya suspended from?
{ "text": [ "UN Human Rights Council" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
57318a0ae6313a140071d06d
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the conflict's early months it appeared that Gaddafi's government – with its greater firepower – would be victorious. Both sides disregarded the laws of war, committing human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions and revenge attacks. On 26 February the United Nations Security ...
In what month did the UN Security Council set up a no fly zone?
{ "text": [ "March" ], "answer_start": [ 536 ] }
57318a0ae6313a140071d06e
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the conflict's early months it appeared that Gaddafi's government – with its greater firepower – would be victorious. Both sides disregarded the laws of war, committing human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions and revenge attacks. On 26 February the United Nations Security ...
How many troops did Qatar send to Libya?
{ "text": [ "hundreds" ], "answer_start": [ 767 ] }
57318a0ae6313a140071d06f
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the conflict's early months it appeared that Gaddafi's government – with its greater firepower – would be victorious. Both sides disregarded the laws of war, committing human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions and revenge attacks. On 26 February the United Nations Security ...
Along with Qatar and France, what nation helped to train the NTC?
{ "text": [ "United Arab Emirates" ], "answer_start": [ 843 ] }
57318a6305b4da19006bd264
Muammar_Gaddafi
A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target...
On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?
{ "text": [ "30 April" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
57318a6305b4da19006bd265
Muammar_Gaddafi
A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target...
What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?
{ "text": [ "NATO" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
57318a6305b4da19006bd266
Muammar_Gaddafi
A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target...
At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?
{ "text": [ "Secretary of Defense" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
57318a6305b4da19006bd267
Muammar_Gaddafi
A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target...
What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?
{ "text": [ "Tripoli" ], "answer_start": [ 570 ] }
57318ae9e6313a140071d07e
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
What position was held by Gaddafi's brother-in-law?
{ "text": [ "head of state security" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
57318ae9e6313a140071d07f
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
About how many governments recognized the legitimacy of the NTC at a meeting on July 15, 2011?
{ "text": [ "30" ], "answer_start": [ 787 ] }
57318ae9e6313a140071d080
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place?
{ "text": [ "Istanbul" ], "answer_start": [ 772 ] }
57318ae9e6313a140071d081
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
Which child of Gaddafi did the ICC issue an arrest warrant for on June 27?
{ "text": [ "Saif al-Islam" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
57318ae9e6313a140071d082
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ...
Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?
{ "text": [ "Abdullah Senussi" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
57318b57e6313a140071d088
Muammar_Gaddafi
Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies s...
What is another term for the Amazigh?
{ "text": [ "Berber" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
57318b57e6313a140071d089
Muammar_Gaddafi
Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies s...
What language did the Berbers living in the Nafusa Mountains not speak?
{ "text": [ "Arabic" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
57318b57e6313a140071d08a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies s...
On what date did the NTC government enter the Arab League?
{ "text": [ "25 August" ], "answer_start": [ 484 ] }
57318b57e6313a140071d08b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies s...
What were the last two cities to be controlled by Gaddafi's government?
{ "text": [ "Zliten and Tripoli" ], "answer_start": [ 416 ] }
57318b57e6313a140071d08c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies s...
What organization provided air support to the Libyan rebels?
{ "text": [ "NATO" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
57318bd9497a881900248ffb
Muammar_Gaddafi
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall...
In what geographic part of Libya is Bani Walid located?
{ "text": [ "western" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
57318bd9497a881900248ffc
Muammar_Gaddafi
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall...
After Tripoli was conquered, where did Gaddafi go?
{ "text": [ "Sirte" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
57318bd9497a881900248ffd
Muammar_Gaddafi
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall...
Leaving Sirte, what valley did Gaddafi hope to travel to?
{ "text": [ "Jarref" ], "answer_start": [ 536 ] }
57318bd9497a881900248ffe
Muammar_Gaddafi
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall...
About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy?
{ "text": [ "53" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
57318bd9497a881900248fff
Muammar_Gaddafi
Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continuall...
After fleeing to a construction site, how was Gaddafi injured?
{ "text": [ "grenade blast" ], "answer_start": [ 964 ] }
57318c5c497a88190024900f
Muammar_Gaddafi
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove...
Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?
{ "text": [ "Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi" ], "answer_start": [ 674 ] }
57318c5c497a881900249010
Muammar_Gaddafi
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove...
What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured?
{ "text": [ "Mutassim" ], "answer_start": [ 743 ] }
57318c5c497a881900249011
Muammar_Gaddafi
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove...
Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?
{ "text": [ "Misrata" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
57318c5c497a881900249012
Muammar_Gaddafi
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove...
How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel?
{ "text": [ "66" ], "answer_start": [ 988 ] }
57318c5c497a881900249013
Muammar_Gaddafi
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove...
Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?
{ "text": [ "Dr. Othman al-Zintani" ], "answer_start": [ 1102 ] }
57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc045
Muammar_Gaddafi
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ...
Who was the prime minister of the NTC?
{ "text": [ "Mahmoud Jibril" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc046
Muammar_Gaddafi
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ...
For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc047
Muammar_Gaddafi
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ...
Who was killed by Gaddafi supporters for his role in Gaddafi's capture?
{ "text": [ "Omran Shaaban" ], "answer_start": [ 713 ] }
57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc048
Muammar_Gaddafi
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ...
Near what town was Oran Shaaban killed?
{ "text": [ "Bani Walid" ], "answer_start": [ 733 ] }
57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc049
Muammar_Gaddafi
On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ...
On what date did the NTC announce Gaddafi's burial?
{ "text": [ "25 October" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
57318dff05b4da19006bd29a
Muammar_Gaddafi
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationali...
What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?
{ "text": [ "Nasserism" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
57318dff05b4da19006bd29b
Muammar_Gaddafi
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationali...
What did Gaddafi call his political philosophy created in the 1970s?
{ "text": [ "Third International Theory" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
57318dff05b4da19006bd29c
Muammar_Gaddafi
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationali...
What philosophy was combined with socialism and nationalism to form Third International Theory?
{ "text": [ "Third World revolutionary theory" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
57318dff05b4da19006bd29d
Muammar_Gaddafi
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationali...
The Green Book consisted of how many volumes?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 580 ] }
57318dff05b4da19006bd29e
Muammar_Gaddafi
As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationali...
What is the occupation of Sami Hajjar?
{ "text": [ "political scientist" ], "answer_start": [ 1010 ] }
57318ea405b4da19006bd2a4
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no ma...
What variety of Islam was Gaddafi raised in?
{ "text": [ "Sunni" ], "answer_start": [ 359 ] }
57318ea405b4da19006bd2a5
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no ma...
In what country is Kampala Mosque located?
{ "text": [ "Uganda" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }
57318ea405b4da19006bd2a6
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no ma...
In what ethnic culture was Gaddafi raised?
{ "text": [ "Bedouin" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }
57318ea405b4da19006bd2a7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no ma...
In what year did Gaddafi notably visit Italy?
{ "text": [ "2010" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
57318f36e6313a140071d092
Muammar_Gaddafi
A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be im...
What country did Gaddafi refer to as "the embodiment of evil"?
{ "text": [ "United States" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
57318f36e6313a140071d093
Muammar_Gaddafi
A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be im...
How did Gaddafi believe the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved?
{ "text": [ "Isratin single-state solution" ], "answer_start": [ 600 ] }
57318f36e6313a140071d094
Muammar_Gaddafi
A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be im...
Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?
{ "text": [ "Blundy and Lycett" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
57318f36e6313a140071d095
Muammar_Gaddafi
A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be im...
What was a major factor in Gaddafi's hatred of the United States?
{ "text": [ "support of Israel" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }
57318f8ae6313a140071d09a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe...
Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
57318f8ae6313a140071d09b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe...
What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation?
{ "text": [ "Muslim" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }
57318f8ae6313a140071d09c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe...
Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?
{ "text": [ "Mirella Bianco" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
57318f8ae6313a140071d09d
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe...
What is Mirella Biano's occupation?
{ "text": [ "Reporter" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }
57318f8ae6313a140071d09e
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's fathe...
Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation?
{ "text": [ "His father" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
57318ff105b4da19006bd2c0
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and i...
What publication did Annick Cojean work for?
{ "text": [ "Le Monde" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
57318ff105b4da19006bd2c1
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and i...
What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa?
{ "text": [ "Libyan" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
57318ff105b4da19006bd2c2
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and i...
What ICC prosector claimed that Gaddafi had ordered soldiers to rape opposition women?
{ "text": [ "Luis Moreno Ocampo" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
57318ff105b4da19006bd2c3
Muammar_Gaddafi
In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and i...
What book was written by Annick Cojean?
{ "text": [ "Gaddafi's Harem" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09d
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com...
How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli?
{ "text": [ "two miles" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09e
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com...
Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home?
{ "text": [ "West German engineers" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09f
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com...
How many tennis courts existed in Gaddafi's compound?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc0a0
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com...
What was the value of Gaddafi's supposed British property holdings as of November 2011?
{ "text": [ "£1 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 708 ] }
57319054a5e9cc1400cdc0a1
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com...
How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340?
{ "text": [ "$120 million" ], "answer_start": [ 867 ] }
573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife...
Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?
{ "text": [ "General Khalid" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a8
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife...
When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?
{ "text": [ "1970" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a9
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife...
What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife?
{ "text": [ "el-Brasai" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }