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572ebc4803f98919007569b7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?
{ "text": [ "Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 697 ] }
572ebc4803f98919007569b9
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What political ideology did Nasser implement?
{ "text": [ "transition from capitalism to socialism" ], "answer_start": [ 656 ] }
57316d0605b4da19006bd13a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?
{ "text": [ "Egyptian" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
57316d0605b4da19006bd13b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?
{ "text": [ "Cairo" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
57316d0605b4da19006bd13c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What notable event occurred in 1952?
{ "text": [ "Egyptian Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
57316d0605b4da19006bd13d
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
When did the United Arab Republic end?
{ "text": [ "1961" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
57316d0605b4da19006bd13e
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire?
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 538 ] }
572ebf5303f98919007569eb
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What was happening to Idris' government in the 1960s?
{ "text": [ "Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572ebf5303f98919007569ec
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What industry greatly impacted the downfall of Idris's government?
{ "text": [ "the oil industry" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }
572ebf5303f98919007569ee
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What did the Libyan workers do to show their support of Egypt?
{ "text": [ "Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt" ], "answer_start": [ 599 ] }
57316f0c05b4da19006bd158
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What country won the Six-Day War?
{ "text": [ "Israel" ], "answer_start": [ 454 ] }
57316f0c05b4da19006bd159
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
In what cities did protests against westerners flare up in 1967?
{ "text": [ "Tripoli and Benghazi" ], "answer_start": [ 571 ] }
57316f0c05b4da19006bd15a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
On what country's behalf were the 1967 protests taking place?
{ "text": [ "Egypt" ], "answer_start": [ 657 ] }
57316f0c05b4da19006bd15b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
In what year did the CIA begin to expect a military coup in Libya?
{ "text": [ "1969" ], "answer_start": [ 667 ] }
57316f0c05b4da19006bd15c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the ...
What revolutionary organization was led by Abdul Aziz Shalhi?
{ "text": [ "Black Boots" ], "answer_start": [ 947 ] }
572ec021c246551400ce4602
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What was Gaddafi's coup called?
{ "text": [ "Operation Jerusalem" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
572ec021c246551400ce4603
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What did Gaddafi seize during the coup?
{ "text": [ "Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi," ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
57316f8d05b4da19006bd162
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What countries did Idris visit in the summer of 1969?
{ "text": [ "Turkey and Greece" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
57316f8d05b4da19006bd163
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What was the code name for Gaddafi's coup against the monarchy?
{ "text": [ "Operation Jerusalem" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
57316f8d05b4da19006bd164
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What leader's forces occupied the barracks in Tripoli?
{ "text": [ "Omar Meheisha" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
57316f8d05b4da19006bd165
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
Who arrested Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi?
{ "text": [ "Khweldi Hameidi" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
57316f8d05b4da19006bd166
Muammar_Gaddafi
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi...
What revolutionary leader took control of the anti-aircraft equipment in Tripoli?
{ "text": [ "Jalloud" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }
572ec0e9cb0c0d14000f1500
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
How did Gaddafi announced his leadership?:
{ "text": [ "Addressing the populace by radio" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
572ec0e9cb0c0d14000f1501
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
List the two names of Gaddafi's coup.
{ "text": [ "\"White Revolution\", although was later renamed the \"One September Revolution\"" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
572ec0e9cb0c0d14000f1502
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What did Gaddafi tell the people that the revolution represented?
{ "text": [ "freedom, socialism, and unity" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
572ec0e9cb0c0d14000f1503
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What did Gaddafi insist that the coup be referred to as?
{ "text": [ "a revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
57316ff8e6313a140071cf38
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy?
{ "text": [ "Libyan Arab Republic" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
57316ff8e6313a140071cf39
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What was the Libyan coup called at first?
{ "text": [ "White Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 326 ] }
57316ff8e6313a140071cf3a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What was the Libyan coup later called, when it was renamed for the day it took place?
{ "text": [ "One September Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 377 ] }
57316ff8e6313a140071cf3b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
What was the name of the revolutionary group led by Gaddafi?
{ "text": [ "Free Officers" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
57316ff8e6313a140071cf3c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled...
How did Gaddafi characterize the monarchy in his radio address?
{ "text": [ "reactionary and corrupt" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
572ec189cb0c0d14000f150a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
{ "text": [ "Gaddafi" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
5731710105b4da19006bd188
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
{ "text": [ "10 January 1970" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5731710105b4da19006bd189
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
{ "text": [ "none" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
5731710105b4da19006bd18a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
{ "text": [ "young" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
5731710105b4da19006bd18b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
{ "text": [ "men" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
5731710105b4da19006bd18c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 Januar...
Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
{ "text": [ "middle" ], "answer_start": [ 377 ] }
572ec21cdfa6aa1500f8d34e
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
What happened to Idris?
{ "text": [ "Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia." ], "answer_start": [ 478 ] }
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6d
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
What clan was King Idris part of?
{ "text": [ "Senussi" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6e
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?
{ "text": [ "monarchist politicians" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6f
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
How many people were executed by the People's Courts?
{ "text": [ "none" ], "answer_start": [ 458 ] }
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf70
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?
{ "text": [ "execution" ], "answer_start": [ 501 ] }
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf71
Muammar_Gaddafi
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and h...
Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?
{ "text": [ "monarchists" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
572ec2cedfa6aa1500f8d358
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
What was the impact of incorporating the sharia into the legal system?
{ "text": [ "united secular and religious law codes" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
573171d105b4da19006bd19c
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
In what year did the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar occur?
{ "text": [ "1970" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
573171d105b4da19006bd19d
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
What did the RCC outlaw in 1970?
{ "text": [ "trade unions" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
573171d105b4da19006bd19e
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
What publications were shut down 1972?
{ "text": [ "newspapers" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
573171d105b4da19006bd19f
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
In what month and year did Gaddafi first resign?
{ "text": [ "September 1971" ], "answer_start": [ 425 ] }
573171d105b4da19006bd1a0
Muammar_Gaddafi
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political part...
In what year did Gaddafi's second resignation occur?
{ "text": [ "1973" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
572ec348c246551400ce462e
Muammar_Gaddafi
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
What was Libya's main export?
{ "text": [ "crude oil" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
5731723805b4da19006bd1a6
Muammar_Gaddafi
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
What was the main export of Libya?
{ "text": [ "crude oil" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
5731723805b4da19006bd1a7
Muammar_Gaddafi
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
How much money did Libya accrue in a year as a result of the Tripoli Agreement?
{ "text": [ "$1 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 605 ] }
5731723805b4da19006bd1a8
Muammar_Gaddafi
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?
{ "text": [ "OPEC" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
5731723805b4da19006bd1a9
Muammar_Gaddafi
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969?
{ "text": [ "Jalloud" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
57317297497a881900248ef7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971?
{ "text": [ "British Petroleum" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
57317297497a881900248ef8
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
In what month and year was a blanket nationalization of foreign oil production proclaimed?
{ "text": [ "September 1973" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
57317297497a881900248ef9
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
What was Libya's GDP in 1969?
{ "text": [ "$3.8 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 452 ] }
57317297497a881900248efa
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
In what year did Libya have a GDP of $24.5 billion?
{ "text": [ "1979" ], "answer_start": [ 534 ] }
57317297497a881900248efb
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
What was Libya's per-capita income in 1951?
{ "text": [ "$40" ], "answer_start": [ 712 ] }
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf77
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b...
What sort of identity was promoted by the RCC?
{ "text": [ "pan-Libyan" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf78
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b...
What identities did the RCC try to dissuade?
{ "text": [ "regional and tribal" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf79
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b...
What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971?
{ "text": [ "counter-revolutionary activity" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf7a
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b...
Where was the military court located that tried the tribal leaders in 1971?
{ "text": [ "Sabha" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf7b
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b...
Of what party did Gaddafi become president in this period?
{ "text": [ "Arab Socialist Union" ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf81
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
On what philosophy was the RCC's social reforms based?
{ "text": [ "sharia" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf82
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
What language was used in official communications by the government of Libya?
{ "text": [ "Arabic" ], "answer_start": [ 213 ] }
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf83
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?
{ "text": [ "1969 to 1973" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf84
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
What religion was suppressed in Libya?
{ "text": [ "Christian" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf85
Muammar_Gaddafi
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 t...
What beverage did the Libyan government ban?
{ "text": [ "alcohol" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }
5731744305b4da19006bd1b6
Muammar_Gaddafi
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for...
What philosophy influenced the RCC?
{ "text": [ "Arab nationalism" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
5731744305b4da19006bd1b7
Muammar_Gaddafi
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for...
Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government?
{ "text": [ "Syria" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
5731744305b4da19006bd1b8
Muammar_Gaddafi
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for...
What Arab nationalist thinker was influential with the RCC?
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
5731744305b4da19006bd1b9
Muammar_Gaddafi
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for...
What countries founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Libya?
{ "text": [ "Egypt and Sudan" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
5731744305b4da19006bd1ba
Muammar_Gaddafi
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for...
In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded?
{ "text": [ "1969" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8b
Muammar_Gaddafi
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,...
Who did Anwar Sadat succeed?
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8c
Muammar_Gaddafi
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,...
What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?
{ "text": [ "unified state" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8d
Muammar_Gaddafi
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,...
Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation?
{ "text": [ "Egypt, Syria and Sudan" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8e
Muammar_Gaddafi
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,...
In what year was the merger charter signed?
{ "text": [ "1972" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8f
Muammar_Gaddafi
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,...
When did the federation have to be implemented by?
{ "text": [ "September 1973" ], "answer_start": [ 463 ] }
5731773c497a881900248f26
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit...
Who told Gaddafi about a possible counter-coup in 1970?
{ "text": [ "U.S." ], "answer_start": [ 381 ] }
5731773c497a881900248f27
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit...
Along with the U.S., what major power recognized Gaddafi's government at an early date?
{ "text": [ "U.K." ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
5731773c497a881900248f28
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit...
In what month and year did the United States remove its military bases from Libya?
{ "text": [ "June 1970" ], "answer_start": [ 971 ] }
5731773c497a881900248f29
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit...
Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970?
{ "text": [ "British" ], "answer_start": [ 928 ] }
5731782a497a881900248f2f
Muammar_Gaddafi
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?
{ "text": [ "12,000" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
5731782a497a881900248f30
Muammar_Gaddafi
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?
{ "text": [ "Jews" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
5731782a497a881900248f31
Muammar_Gaddafi
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
Who did the RCC buy military equipment from?
{ "text": [ "France and the Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 646 ] }
5731782a497a881900248f32
Muammar_Gaddafi
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?
{ "text": [ "U.S." ], "answer_start": [ 773 ] }
5731782a497a881900248f33
Muammar_Gaddafi
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to ...
Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971?
{ "text": [ "Malta" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
5731789ee6313a140071cf72
Muammar_Gaddafi
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democrati...
What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?
{ "text": [ "Yasser Arafat" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
5731789ee6313a140071cf73
Muammar_Gaddafi
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democrati...
What organization did Arafat belong to?
{ "text": [ "Fatah" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
5731789ee6313a140071cf74
Muammar_Gaddafi
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democrati...
Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?
{ "text": [ "Black September Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 458 ] }
5731789ee6313a140071cf75
Muammar_Gaddafi
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democrati...
In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?
{ "text": [ "Munich" ], "answer_start": [ 512 ] }
5731789ee6313a140071cf76
Muammar_Gaddafi
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democrati...
How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 665 ] }
57317925497a881900248f4b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I...
During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?
{ "text": [ "Eritrean War of Independence" ], "answer_start": [ 689 ] }
57317925497a881900248f4c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I...
During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?
{ "text": [ "1970s" ], "answer_start": [ 734 ] }
57317925497a881900248f4d
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I...
What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?
{ "text": [ "colonialism and neocolonialism" ], "answer_start": [ 864 ] }
57317925497a881900248f4e
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I...
On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate?
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
57317925497a881900248f4f
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I...
What was the ANC combating?
{ "text": [ "Apartheid" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
5731799c497a881900248f55
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while...
On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"?
{ "text": [ "16 April 1973" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5731799c497a881900248f56
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while...
What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech?
{ "text": [ "dissolved" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }