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5731799c497a881900248f57
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while...
How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?
{ "text": [ "5" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
5731799c497a881900248f58
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while...
What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?
{ "text": [ "administrative" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
5731799c497a881900248f59
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while...
Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?
{ "text": [ "Egypt" ], "answer_start": [ 754 ] }
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfaf
Muammar_Gaddafi
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democr...
What were the Libyan people instructed to create in conjunction with the Popular Revolution?
{ "text": [ "General People's Committees" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfb0
Muammar_Gaddafi
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democr...
Along with the bureaucracy, who were the General People's Committees directed at?
{ "text": [ "traditional leaders" ], "answer_start": [ 471 ] }
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfb1
Muammar_Gaddafi
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democr...
What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?
{ "text": [ "traditional party-based representative" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
57317ace497a881900248f69
Muammar_Gaddafi
The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba...
What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?
{ "text": [ "tribal divisions" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
57317ace497a881900248f6a
Muammar_Gaddafi
The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba...
Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?
{ "text": [ "Marxists" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
57317ace497a881900248f6b
Muammar_Gaddafi
The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba...
Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?
{ "text": [ "General People's Committee" ], "answer_start": [ 597 ] }
57317ace497a881900248f6c
Muammar_Gaddafi
The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba...
What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use?
{ "text": [ "pyramid" ], "answer_start": [ 369 ] }
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb5
Muammar_Gaddafi
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed ...
In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory?
{ "text": [ "June 1973" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb6
Muammar_Gaddafi
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed ...
Who was the founder of Three Worlds Theory?
{ "text": [ "Mao Zedong" ], "answer_start": [ 348 ] }
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb7
Muammar_Gaddafi
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed ...
What sort of state did Gaddafi believe should be founded?
{ "text": [ "pan-Arab" ], "answer_start": [ 467 ] }
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb8
Muammar_Gaddafi
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed ...
Along with the United States, what country did Gaddafi believe to be imperialist?
{ "text": [ "Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb9
Muammar_Gaddafi
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed ...
What economic philosophy was associated with the West?
{ "text": [ "capitalism" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
57317bc6e6313a140071cf98
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg...
Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
57317bc6e6313a140071cf99
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg...
When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published?
{ "text": [ "1979" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
57317bc6e6313a140071cf9a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg...
What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings?
{ "text": [ "The Green Book" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
57317bc6e6313a140071cf9b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg...
What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy?
{ "text": [ "one" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
57317bc6e6313a140071cf9c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs reg...
What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?
{ "text": [ "socialism" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
57317c2b497a881900248f7b
Muammar_Gaddafi
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrest...
In what year was the Office for the Security of the Revolution founded?
{ "text": [ "1975" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
57317c2b497a881900248f7c
Muammar_Gaddafi
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrest...
In what year did student protests occur in Benghazi?
{ "text": [ "1976" ], "answer_start": [ 170 ] }
57317c2b497a881900248f7d
Muammar_Gaddafi
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrest...
How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?
{ "text": [ "200" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
57317c2b497a881900248f7e
Muammar_Gaddafi
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrest...
How many students were executed in January of 1977?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 517 ] }
57317c2b497a881900248f7f
Muammar_Gaddafi
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrest...
Who criticized the political execution of students and military officers that occurred in January 1977?
{ "text": [ "Amnesty International" ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfc9
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian...
Whose rise to the presidency of Egypt led to the decline in relations between Egypt and Libya?
{ "text": [ "Sadat" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfca
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian...
What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114?
{ "text": [ "Israeli" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfcb
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian...
Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?
{ "text": [ "sandstorm" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }
57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfcc
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian...
What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
{ "text": [ "Haifa" ], "answer_start": [ 573 ] }
57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfcd
Muammar_Gaddafi
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian...
Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
{ "text": [ "American" ], "answer_start": [ 548 ] }
57317d77e6313a140071cfac
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir...
Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?
{ "text": [ "Syria" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
57317d77e6313a140071cfad
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir...
Who was the president of Sudan in 1975?
{ "text": [ "Gaafar Nimeiry" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
57317d77e6313a140071cfae
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir...
What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan?
{ "text": [ "Sudan People's Liberation Army" ], "answer_start": [ 371 ] }
57317d77e6313a140071cfaf
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir...
Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of?
{ "text": [ "Chad" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
57317d77e6313a140071cfb0
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeir...
What element did the Aouzou Strip possess a great deal of?
{ "text": [ "uranium" ], "answer_start": [ 529 ] }
57317e0505b4da19006bd1e8
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974?
{ "text": [ "Tunisia" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
57317e0505b4da19006bd1e9
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
What was the name of the abortive political union between Tunisia and Libya in 1974?
{ "text": [ "Arab Islamic Republic" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }
57317e0505b4da19006bd1ea
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?
{ "text": [ "Habib Bourguiba" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
57317e0505b4da19006bd1eb
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement?
{ "text": [ "Algeria" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
57317e0505b4da19006bd1ec
Muammar_Gaddafi
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme...
Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?
{ "text": [ "Moroccan" ], "answer_start": [ 474 ] }
57317eb2e6313a140071cfc0
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah ...
What was the name of the state founded in Libya on March 2, 1977?
{ "text": [ "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
57317eb2e6313a140071cfc1
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah ...
How many Basic People's Congresses existed in the Jamahiriya?
{ "text": [ "187" ], "answer_start": [ 526 ] }
57317eb2e6313a140071cfc2
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah ...
What body did the members elected by the Basic People's Congresses attend?
{ "text": [ "General People's Congress" ], "answer_start": [ 665 ] }
57317eb2e6313a140071cfc3
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah ...
How often did the General People's Congress occur?
{ "text": [ "annual" ], "answer_start": [ 658 ] }
57317eb2e6313a140071cfc4
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest. Dissolving the Libyan Arab Republic, it was replaced by the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية‎, al-Jamāhīrīyah ...
What was the official name of Libya prior to the establishment of the Jamahiriya?
{ "text": [ "Libyan Arab Republic" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
57317f53a5e9cc1400cdbfd3
Muammar_Gaddafi
Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be a...
What was the GPC accused of being vis-à-vis Gaddafi?
{ "text": [ "a rubber stamp" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
57317f53a5e9cc1400cdbfd4
Muammar_Gaddafi
Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be a...
What policy did Gaddafi propose that the GPC was against?
{ "text": [ "primary schools to be abolished" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
57317f53a5e9cc1400cdbfd5
Muammar_Gaddafi
Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be a...
What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools?
{ "text": [ "home schooling" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
57317f53a5e9cc1400cdbfd6
Muammar_Gaddafi
Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be a...
What was a policy that Gaddafi instituted without support from the GPC?
{ "text": [ "allow women into the armed forces" ], "answer_start": [ 517 ] }
57317ff2a5e9cc1400cdbfdb
Muammar_Gaddafi
With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahi...
What book did the Jamahiriya look to for legal advice?
{ "text": [ "Qur'an" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
57317ff2a5e9cc1400cdbfdc
Muammar_Gaddafi
With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahi...
What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?
{ "text": [ "protection of private property" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
57317ff2a5e9cc1400cdbfdd
Muammar_Gaddafi
With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahi...
What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?
{ "text": [ "commercial" ], "answer_start": [ 921 ] }
57317ff2a5e9cc1400cdbfde
Muammar_Gaddafi
With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahi...
What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?
{ "text": [ "shirk" ], "answer_start": [ 528 ] }
57317ff2a5e9cc1400cdbfdf
Muammar_Gaddafi
With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahi...
Who won a border war with Libya?
{ "text": [ "Egypt" ], "answer_start": [ 615 ] }
573180a5e6313a140071cfd2
Muammar_Gaddafi
In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the tit...
In what year did Gaddafi resign from his position in the GPC?
{ "text": [ "1978" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
573180a5e6313a140071cfd3
Muammar_Gaddafi
In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the tit...
Prior to his resignation, what office did Gaddafi occupy in the GPC?
{ "text": [ "Secretary-General" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
573180a5e6313a140071cfd4
Muammar_Gaddafi
In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the tit...
After Gaddafi stepped down from the GPC, what title did he take?
{ "text": [ "Leader of the Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
573180a5e6313a140071cfd5
Muammar_Gaddafi
In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government. Although no longer in a formal governmental post, he adopted the tit...
What authority did Gaddafi have over the Libyan armed forces?
{ "text": [ "commander-in-chief" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
57318193497a881900248f99
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former ren...
In September of 1978, what bureaucracy did Gaddafi speak out against?
{ "text": [ "public sector" ], "answer_start": [ 496 ] }
57318193497a881900248f9a
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former ren...
What "dictatorship" did Gaddafi attack in September of 1978?
{ "text": [ "private sector" ], "answer_start": [ 540 ] }
57318193497a881900248f9b
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former ren...
After People's Committees expropriated companies, what did they turn them into?
{ "text": [ "worker cooperatives" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
57318193497a881900248f9c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Libya began to turn towards socialism. In March 1978, the government issued guidelines for housing redistribution, attempting to ensure the population that every adult Libyan owned his own home and that nobody was enslaved to paying their rent. Most families were banned from owning more than one house, while former ren...
How many companies were taken over by People's Committees?
{ "text": [ "several hundred" ], "answer_start": [ 597 ] }
573181fd05b4da19006bd1fc
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com...
On what date did the GPC separate the revolution from the government?
{ "text": [ "2 March 1979," ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
573181fd05b4da19006bd1fd
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com...
Who was the leader of the Revolutionary Committees?
{ "text": [ "Mohammad Maghgoub" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
573181fd05b4da19006bd1fe
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com...
What was the English name of the magazine published by the Revolutionary Committees?
{ "text": [ "The Green March" ], "answer_start": [ 453 ] }
573181fd05b4da19006bd1ff
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com...
How often was al-Zahf al-Akhdar published?
{ "text": [ "weekly" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
573181fd05b4da19006bd200
Muammar_Gaddafi
On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com...
What bodies represented the revolution after the separation of government and revolution?
{ "text": [ "Revolutionary Committees" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbff9
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government ...
Where did land redistribution begin in 1979?
{ "text": [ "Jefara plain" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbffa
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government ...
When did the Jefara plain land redistribution end?
{ "text": [ "1981" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbffb
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government ...
What was the maximum amount of money a person could have in their bank account without having it expropriated in 1980?
{ "text": [ "1000 dinar" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbffc
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government ...
As a result of the 1981 laws putting the government in control of commerce, what began to thrive?
{ "text": [ "black market" ], "answer_start": [ 545 ] }
5731826ca5e9cc1400cdbffd
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government ...
What took the place of private businesses in 1981?
{ "text": [ "state supermarkets" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
573182e9e6313a140071cfee
Muammar_Gaddafi
The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini...
What tribe did Gaddafi belong to?
{ "text": [ "Qaddadfa" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
573182e9e6313a140071cfef
Muammar_Gaddafi
The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini...
What Libyan government official allegedly plotted to kill Gaddafi in 1978?
{ "text": [ "head of military intelligence" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
573182e9e6313a140071cff0
Muammar_Gaddafi
The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini...
In 1981, what Libyan opposition group was founded?
{ "text": [ "National Front for the Salvation of Libya" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
573182e9e6313a140071cff1
Muammar_Gaddafi
The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini...
Who founded the NFSL?
{ "text": [ "Mohammed Magariaf" ], "answer_start": [ 495 ] }
573182e9e6313a140071cff2
Muammar_Gaddafi
The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the admini...
What group notably murdered Libyan diplomats?
{ "text": [ "al-Borkan," ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
5731838705b4da19006bd210
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterra...
What list did the United States add Libya to in 1979?
{ "text": [ "State Sponsors of Terrorism" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
5731838705b4da19006bd211
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterra...
In what Libyan city was the United States embassy burned in 1979?
{ "text": [ "Tripoli" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
5731838705b4da19006bd212
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterra...
What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?
{ "text": [ "Iran hostage crisis" ], "answer_start": [ 201 ] }
5731838705b4da19006bd213
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterra...
How much money did Syria owe to the Soviets as of 1980?
{ "text": [ "£1 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 841 ] }
5731838705b4da19006bd214
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1979, the U.S. placed Libya on its list of "State Sponsors of Terrorism", while at the end of the year a demonstration torched the U.S. embassy in Tripoli in solidarity with the perpetrators of the Iran hostage crisis. The following year, Libyan fighters began intercepting U.S. fighter jets flying over the Mediterra...
What country's military was attacking Uganda in 1979?
{ "text": [ "Tanzanian" ], "answer_start": [ 1070 ] }
573183df05b4da19006bd21a
Muammar_Gaddafi
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the dec...
How much money did Libya earn from oil in 1986?
{ "text": [ "$5.4 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
573183df05b4da19006bd21b
Muammar_Gaddafi
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the dec...
What was another name for the Great Man-Made River?
{ "text": [ "Gaddafi's Pet Project" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
573183df05b4da19006bd21c
Muammar_Gaddafi
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the dec...
In what country did FROLINAT operate?
{ "text": [ "Chad" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
573183df05b4da19006bd21d
Muammar_Gaddafi
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the dec...
In what year did the Libyan military pull out of Chad at the behest of the OAU?
{ "text": [ "1981" ], "answer_start": [ 825 ] }
573183df05b4da19006bd21e
Muammar_Gaddafi
The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on "Gaddafi's Pet Project", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the dec...
Who was the ruler of Morocco in 1984?
{ "text": [ "Hassan II" ], "answer_start": [ 1323 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d002
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets w...
In what years did Gaddafi visit the Soviet Union?
{ "text": [ "1981 and 1985" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d003
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets w...
What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?
{ "text": [ "a puppet regime of the Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d004
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets w...
As a result of American hostility, what military alliance did Libya say it would join?
{ "text": [ "Warsaw Pact" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d005
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets w...
What Libyan aircraft were shot down by the United States in 1981?
{ "text": [ "Su-22" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
57318491e6313a140071d006
Muammar_Gaddafi
In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets w...
What was the occupation of Yvonne Fletcher?
{ "text": [ "policewoman" ], "answer_start": [ 1091 ] }
57318515a5e9cc1400cdc015
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; ...
About how many Libyans died in Operation El Dorado Canyon?
{ "text": [ "100" ], "answer_start": [ 700 ] }
57318515a5e9cc1400cdc016
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; ...
What terrorist attack did the United States claim Libya supported?
{ "text": [ "1986 Berlin discotheque bombing" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
57318515a5e9cc1400cdc017
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; ...
How many Americans died in the Berlin disco bombing of 1986?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
57318515a5e9cc1400cdc018
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; ...
What country did the CIA believe Reagan should attack instead of Libya?
{ "text": [ "Syria" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
57318515a5e9cc1400cdc019
Muammar_Gaddafi
After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; ...
What was the name of Gaddafi's daughter who may not have existed?
{ "text": [ "Hanna" ], "answer_start": [ 895 ] }
57318587e6313a140071d016
Muammar_Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ...
In what year did the "Revolution within a Revolution" begin?
{ "text": [ "1987" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
57318587e6313a140071d017
Muammar_Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ...
In what year was the Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership created?
{ "text": [ "1988" ], "answer_start": [ 387 ] }
57318587e6313a140071d018
Muammar_Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were ...
How many articles were contained in the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses?
{ "text": [ "27" ], "answer_start": [ 963 ] }