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572f5a7c947a6a140053c8ac
Railway_electrification_system
In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz). The results showed that percentage losses in the overhead wires (catenary and contact wires) was over 3 times greater for 3 kV DC than for 25 kV AC. But when the conversion losses were all taken into ac...
What two systems were compare in the Soviet Union in 1970?
{ "text": [ "3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
572f5a7c947a6a140053c8ad
Railway_electrification_system
In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz). The results showed that percentage losses in the overhead wires (catenary and contact wires) was over 3 times greater for 3 kV DC than for 25 kV AC. But when the conversion losses were all taken into ac...
Which system had higher losses in overhead wires?
{ "text": [ "3 kV DC" ], "answer_start": [ 240 ] }
572f5a7c947a6a140053c8ae
Railway_electrification_system
In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz). The results showed that percentage losses in the overhead wires (catenary and contact wires) was over 3 times greater for 3 kV DC than for 25 kV AC. But when the conversion losses were all taken into ac...
Which system was used in Soviet Union after all calculations?
{ "text": [ "3 kV DC" ], "answer_start": [ 457 ] }
572f5a7c947a6a140053c8af
Railway_electrification_system
In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz). The results showed that percentage losses in the overhead wires (catenary and contact wires) was over 3 times greater for 3 kV DC than for 25 kV AC. But when the conversion losses were all taken into ac...
What came with lesser lesser cost mobile conversion hardware or stationary hardware?
{ "text": [ "stationary hardware" ], "answer_start": [ 1109 ] }
572f5bb3b2c2fd140056807b
Railway_electrification_system
Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes h...
What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?
{ "text": [ "\"sparks effect\"" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
572f5bb3b2c2fd140056807c
Railway_electrification_system
Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes h...
What can electrification of modern trains effect?
{ "text": [ "patronage / revenue" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
572f5bb3b2c2fd140056807d
Railway_electrification_system
Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes h...
How can better service quality be achieved?
{ "text": [ "rolling stock overhaul / replacement" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
572f618b04bcaa1900d768a3
Railway_electrification_system
Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine ...
What is a major factor whn it comes to electrification?
{ "text": [ "Network effects" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572f618b04bcaa1900d768a4
Railway_electrification_system
Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine ...
What was the reason some electrifications were removed after a while?
{ "text": [ "through traffic to non-electrified lines" ], "answer_start": [ 213 ] }
572f618b04bcaa1900d768a5
Railway_electrification_system
Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine ...
Where can the issue of through traffic benefits occur?
{ "text": [ "long distance trips" ], "answer_start": [ 438 ] }
572f618b04bcaa1900d768a6
Railway_electrification_system
Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine ...
What can be a drawback of electrification of long distance freight trains?
{ "text": [ "electrification to isolated areas" ], "answer_start": [ 718 ] }
572f618b04bcaa1900d768a7
Railway_electrification_system
Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine ...
What does the increasing demand for container traffic make companies use more often?
{ "text": [ "diesel trains" ], "answer_start": [ 853 ] }
572f63e6b2c2fd14005680a7
Railway_electrification_system
Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply bec...
What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?
{ "text": [ "connections between different electrical services" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
572f63e6b2c2fd14005680a8
Railway_electrification_system
Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply bec...
Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?
{ "text": [ "the implications on the sections it is connecting" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
572f63e6b2c2fd14005680a9
Railway_electrification_system
Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply bec...
What is the solution many lines came up with in order to avoid replacing present rolling stock?
{ "text": [ "to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards" ], "answer_start": [ 400 ] }
572f63e6b2c2fd14005680aa
Railway_electrification_system
Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply bec...
Why are disel trains still used on electrified routes?
{ "text": [ "due to incompatibility of electrification standards" ], "answer_start": [ 804 ] }
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d3
Railway_electrification_system
Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elect...
Which of two can be more efficiently electricified?
{ "text": [ "Central station" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d4
Railway_electrification_system
Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elect...
How can electric power plant become more power efficient?
{ "text": [ "it will shut down its least efficient generators" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d5
Railway_electrification_system
Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elect...
How can electric train be more energy efficient?
{ "text": [ "by regenerative braking" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d6
Railway_electrification_system
Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elect...
Which type of train continues to use energy while coasting or being stopped?
{ "text": [ "diesel" ], "answer_start": [ 580 ] }
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d7
Railway_electrification_system
Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elect...
What causes electric trains to waste energy?
{ "text": [ "cooling blowers" ], "answer_start": [ 668 ] }
572f688cb2c2fd14005680e5
Railway_electrification_system
Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large r...
Can renewable source of electricity be used in mobile power plants?
{ "text": [ "unsuitable" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
572f688cb2c2fd14005680e6
Railway_electrification_system
Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large r...
What type of natural resources is more scarce?
{ "text": [ "liquid fuel" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
572f688cb2c2fd14005680e7
Railway_electrification_system
Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large r...
What is the recent incentive in order to overcome oil scarcity?
{ "text": [ "to substitute other fuels" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
572f688cb2c2fd14005680e8
Railway_electrification_system
Energy sources unsuitable for mobile power plants, such as nuclear power, renewable hydroelectricity, or wind power can be used. According to widely accepted global energy reserve statistics, the reserves of liquid fuel are much less than gas and coal (at 42, 167 and 416 years respectively). Most countries with large r...
What research can be used in the future if translated?
{ "text": [ "Soviet studies from the 1980s" ], "answer_start": [ 856 ] }
572f6abab2c2fd14005680ed
Railway_electrification_system
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in term...
What type of trains became more energy-efficient in the former Soviet Union?
{ "text": [ "electric" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
572f6abab2c2fd14005680ee
Railway_electrification_system
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in term...
What year could be marked as year when electric railways more efficient than diesel ones?
{ "text": [ "1965" ], "answer_start": [ 461 ] }
572f6abab2c2fd14005680ef
Railway_electrification_system
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in term...
How much fuel did electric train used less than diesel in the middle of 1970 in USSR?
{ "text": [ "25% less fuel per ton-km" ], "answer_start": [ 560 ] }
572f6abab2c2fd14005680f0
Railway_electrification_system
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in term...
What could be a factor of lower energy consumption for electric trains?
{ "text": [ "better operating conditions on electrified lines" ], "answer_start": [ 742 ] }
572f6abab2c2fd14005680f1
Railway_electrification_system
In the former Soviet Union, electric traction eventually became somewhat more energy-efficient than diesel. Partly due to inefficient generation of electricity in the USSR (only 20.8% thermal efficiency in 1950 vs. 36.2% in 1975), in 1950 diesel traction was about twice as energy efficient as electric traction (in term...
How much more expensive was diesel compare to electricity per unit?
{ "text": [ "1.5 times more (per unit of heat energy content" ], "answer_start": [ 905 ] }
572f6d47a23a5019007fc60d
Railway_electrification_system
Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of...
What caused the energy efficiency to go up?
{ "text": [ "energy-intensity dropping" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
572f6d47a23a5019007fc60e
Railway_electrification_system
Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of...
Elimination of what helped the efficiency of diesel traction to go up?
{ "text": [ "2-axle freight cars" ], "answer_start": [ 641 ] }
572f6d47a23a5019007fc60f
Railway_electrification_system
Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of...
What type of locomotives got improved during 1950-1973 in Soviet Union?
{ "text": [ "electric" ], "answer_start": [ 719 ] }
572f6d47a23a5019007fc610
Railway_electrification_system
Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of...
How much of energy was saved and re-used due to regenerative braking in 1989?
{ "text": [ "2.65%" ], "answer_start": [ 980 ] }
572f6d47a23a5019007fc611
Railway_electrification_system
Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of...
Was there an energy efficiency improvement in the period 1974 through 1980?
{ "text": [ "no improvement" ], "answer_start": [ 1328 ] }
572e867adfa6aa1500f8d0a3
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count...
How many Spanish speaking students are there in the United States?
{ "text": [ "six million Spanish language students." ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
572e8a7bc246551400ce430e
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 4...
Where in the United States did the Spanish explore?
{ "text": [ "The Spanish explorers explored areas of 42 future U.S. states" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }
572e9c77c246551400ce43de
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Spanish was the language spoken by the first permanent European settlers in North America. Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States with Ponce de León in 1513. In 1565, the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest contin...
Where is the oldest settlement in America?
{ "text": [ "St. Augustine, Florida" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
572e9c96cb0c0d14000f135c
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of ...
When did other states become part of Mexico?
{ "text": [ "After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572e9c96cb0c0d14000f135f
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of ...
Why is there still Bilingual spoken in these states?
{ "text": [ "The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
572ea6d5cb0c0d14000f13f1
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law as dominant, to the extent it fully displaced Spanish in the public sphere; this is why the United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did. For example, the California...
Is Canada bilingual?
{ "text": [ "United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did." ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
572ea6dc03f98919007568b1
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
For decades, the U.S. federal government strenuously tried to force Puerto Ricans to adopt English, to the extent of making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools. It was completely unsuccessful, and retreated from that policy in 1948. Puerto Rico was able to maintain its Spanish ...
Was English in Puerto Rico successful?
{ "text": [ "It was completely unsuccessful," ], "answer_start": [ 203 ] }
572eacbb03f9891900756918
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one mill...
Do Cubans speak Spanish in America?
{ "text": [ "most are fluent in Spanish" ], "answer_start": [ 458 ] }
572eaddec246551400ce44e6
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. T...
What other Spanish Speaking people come to America?
{ "text": [ "Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
572eb75ec246551400ce4554
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigr...
Why did Central Americans flee to the U.S.?
{ "text": [ "civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
572eda9dcb0c0d14000f1600
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's pa...
Does New Mexico have an official language?
{ "text": [ "the state has no official language." ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
572eda9dcb0c0d14000f1601
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's pa...
What language is New Mexico's language written in?
{ "text": [ "New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English." ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
572edaa503f9891900756a83
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spok...
What is Texas official language?
{ "text": [ "In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572edaa9c246551400ce4736
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of th...
What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
{ "text": [ "Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572edab0cb0c0d14000f160a
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic maj...
Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
{ "text": [ "politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
572e8700cb0c0d14000f1252
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
{ "text": [ "Charleston" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572e8700cb0c0d14000f1253
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
{ "text": [ "Charleston County" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
572e8700cb0c0d14000f1254
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
Charleston is located on what harbor?
{ "text": [ "Charleston Harbor" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
572e8700cb0c0d14000f1255
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 362 ] }
572e8700cb0c0d14000f1256
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
{ "text": [ "Ashley Rivers" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
572ff8ff947a6a140053ceb5
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What county is Charleston located in?
{ "text": [ "Charleston County" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
572ff8ff947a6a140053ceb7
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 362 ] }
572ff8ff947a6a140053ceb8
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca...
What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
{ "text": [ "Cooper Rivers" ], "answer_start": [ 420 ] }
572e898bc246551400ce42f8
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
What year was Charleston founded?
{ "text": [ "1670" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
572e898bc246551400ce42f9
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
What was Charleston's original name?
{ "text": [ "Charles Town" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
572e898bc246551400ce42fa
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
Charles Town was named after which king?
{ "text": [ "King Charles II of England" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
572e898bc246551400ce42fb
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
Where was the city originally located?
{ "text": [ "Albemarle Point" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
572e898bc246551400ce42fc
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
What was Charleston's population in 2010?
{ "text": [ "120,083" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f83
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
What year was Charleston originally founded?
{ "text": [ "1670" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f84
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
What was the originally name of Charleston?
{ "text": [ "Charles Town" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f85
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
Who was Charles Town named after?
{ "text": [ "King Charles II of England" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f86
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
{ "text": [ "120,083" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f87
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ...
Where was Charleston's first location?
{ "text": [ "Albemarle Point" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
572ffb39947a6a140053cedc
Charleston,_South_Carolina
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Ri...
How large is Charleston, South Carolina?
{ "text": [ "127.5 square miles (330.2 km2)" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
572ffb39947a6a140053cedd
Charleston,_South_Carolina
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Ri...
Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula?
{ "text": [ "North Charleston" ], "answer_start": [ 794 ] }
572ffb39947a6a140053cede
Charleston,_South_Carolina
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Ri...
How much of Charleston is covered by water?
{ "text": [ "18.5 square miles (47.9 km2)" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
572ffb39947a6a140053cedf
Charleston,_South_Carolina
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Ri...
How of Charleston's total area is dry land?
{ "text": [ "109.0 square miles (282.2 km2)" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
572ffb39947a6a140053cee0
Charleston,_South_Carolina
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Ri...
What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River?
{ "text": [ "Mount Pleasant" ], "answer_start": [ 854 ] }
573003bda23a5019007fcc47
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
What season is the wettest in Charleston?
{ "text": [ "Summer" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
573003bda23a5019007fcc48
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?
{ "text": [ "thundershowers" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
573003bda23a5019007fcc49
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
What season is characterized as short in Charleston?
{ "text": [ "Winter" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
57300539b2c2fd1400568743
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?
{ "text": [ "8.0 in (20 cm)" ], "answer_start": [ 699 ] }
57300539b2c2fd1400568744
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
What season is considered short in Charleston?
{ "text": [ "Winter" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
57300539b2c2fd1400568745
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
What is the wettest season in Charleston?
{ "text": [ "Summer" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
57300539b2c2fd1400568746
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form?
{ "text": [ "thundershowers" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
57300539b2c2fd1400568747
Charleston,_South_Carolina
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug...
How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989?
{ "text": [ "6.0 in (15 cm" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
573007ceb2c2fd1400568761
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985....
What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?
{ "text": [ "104 °F" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
573007ceb2c2fd1400568762
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985....
What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall?
{ "text": [ "Hurricanes" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
573007ceb2c2fd1400568763
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985....
What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989?
{ "text": [ "Hurricane Hugo" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }
573007ceb2c2fd1400568764
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985....
What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit?
{ "text": [ "7 °F (−14 °C)" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
573007ceb2c2fd1400568765
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985....
What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record?
{ "text": [ "January 21, 1985" ], "answer_start": [ 303 ] }
57300a06b2c2fd1400568789
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charlest...
How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?
{ "text": [ "548,404" ], "answer_start": [ 649 ] }
57300a06b2c2fd140056878a
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charlest...
What is the third largest city in South Carolina?
{ "text": [ "North Charleston" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
57300a06b2c2fd140056878b
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charlest...
How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?
{ "text": [ "9,123" ], "answer_start": [ 821 ] }
57300a06b2c2fd140056878c
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charlest...
Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?
{ "text": [ "Dorchester" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
57300a06b2c2fd140056878d
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charlest...
In which county is Moncks Corner located?
{ "text": [ "Berkeley County" ], "answer_start": [ 763 ] }
57300bc2947a6a140053cfe6
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip an...
What era brought counties to South Carolina?
{ "text": [ "Reconstruction Era" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
57300bc2947a6a140053cfe7
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip an...
Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
{ "text": [ "traditional parish system" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
57300bc2947a6a140053cfe8
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip an...
What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
{ "text": [ "public service districts" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
57300bc2947a6a140053cfe9
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip an...
The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
{ "text": [ "Parish of St. Philip" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
57300bc2947a6a140053cfea
Charleston,_South_Carolina
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip an...
What other parish besides St. John's Parish is mostly an incorporated rural parish?
{ "text": [ "St. Andrew's Parish" ], "answer_start": [ 402 ] }
57300d74a23a5019007fcccf
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi...
What year was Charles Town founded?
{ "text": [ "1670" ], "answer_start": [ 371 ] }
57300d74a23a5019007fccd0
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi...
How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina?
{ "text": [ "seven years" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
57300d74a23a5019007fccd1
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi...
What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina?
{ "text": [ "the Grand Model" ], "answer_start": [ 458 ] }
57300d74a23a5019007fccd2
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi...
Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"?
{ "text": [ "John Locke" ], "answer_start": [ 512 ] }