Split (2)

train · 82.9k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	title stringlengths 3 59	context stringlengths 151 3.71k	question stringlengths 12 217	answers dict
57300d74a23a5019007fccd3	Charleston,_South_Carolina	After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expedi...	When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?	{ "text": [ "1660" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }
57300f27b2c2fd14005687bb	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...	Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?	{ "text": [ "Bermuda" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
57300f27b2c2fd14005687bc	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...	Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?	{ "text": [ "Cape Hatteras" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
57300f27b2c2fd14005687bd	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...	Who was the first governor of Charleston?	{ "text": [ "William Sayle" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
57300f27b2c2fd14005687be	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...	Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?	{ "text": [ "Earl of Shaftesbury" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
57300f27b2c2fd14005687bf	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-...	The settlement was relocated east to what river?	{ "text": [ "Ashley River" ], "answer_start": [ 533 ] }
573012e9947a6a140053d048	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year...	What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "Catholics" ], "answer_start": [ 665 ] }
573012e9947a6a140053d049	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year...	About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America?	{ "text": [ "1830" ], "answer_start": [ 986 ] }
573012e9947a6a140053d04a	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year...	What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from?	{ "text": [ "England" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
573012e9947a6a140053d04b	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year...	After what war did the state ban on Catholics end?	{ "text": [ "American Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 736 ] }
573012e9947a6a140053d04c	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial year...	Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from?	{ "text": [ "Barbados" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
5730141804bcaa1900d77131	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...	Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?	{ "text": [ "Spain" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
5730141804bcaa1900d77132	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...	Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?	{ "text": [ "Native Americans" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
5730141804bcaa1900d77133	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...	Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?	{ "text": [ "Governor Johnson" ], "answer_start": [ 417 ] }
5730141804bcaa1900d77134	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...	The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?	{ "text": [ "1720s" ], "answer_start": [ 513 ] }
5730141804bcaa1900d77135	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...	Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else attacked the Charleston settlement?	{ "text": [ "pirates" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
57301654a23a5019007fcd47	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer...	What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?	{ "text": [ "Toni Morrison" ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
57301654a23a5019007fcd48	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer...	What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?	{ "text": [ "40%" ], "answer_start": [ 240 ] }
57301654a23a5019007fcd49	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer...	What stage of the slave trade provided slaves to Charles Town?	{ "text": [ "Middle Passage" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
57301654a23a5019007fcd4a	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer...	What peoples were brought to Charles Town to be slaves?	{ "text": [ "Africans" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57301654a23a5019007fcd4b	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer...	Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?	{ "text": [ "Windward Coast" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }
57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb1	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...	African slaves had great knowledge of the cultivation of what product?	{ "text": [ "rice" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb2	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...	Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?	{ "text": [ "Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb3	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...	By what year was indigo was a leading export for the Lowcountry?	{ "text": [ "1750" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb4	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...	By what year was rice a successful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?	{ "text": [ "1700" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb5	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p...	What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?	{ "text": [ "naval stores" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
57301f89a23a5019007fcdd9	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?	{ "text": [ "slave trade" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
57301f89a23a5019007fcdda	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?	{ "text": [ "1770" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
57301f89a23a5019007fcddb	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708?	{ "text": [ "slaves" ], "answer_start": [ 475 ] }
57301f89a23a5019007fcddc	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?	{ "text": [ "the Great Migration" ], "answer_start": [ 567 ] }
57301f89a23a5019007fcddd	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo...	When did the Great Migration occur?	{ "text": [ "the early 20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 590 ] }
573021c8a23a5019007fce01	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of...	What other Native American nation supplied Charles Town with deer hides other than the Cherokee nation?	{ "text": [ "Creek nations" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
573021c8a23a5019007fce02	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of...	What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?	{ "text": [ "500,000 to 1,250,000" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
573021c8a23a5019007fce03	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of...	Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were exported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade?	{ "text": [ "5,239,350" ], "answer_start": [ 465 ] }
573021c8a23a5019007fce04	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of...	What trade was the basis of Charles Town's original economy?	{ "text": [ "the deerskin trade" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
573021c8a23a5019007fce05	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of...	What was the average amount of deer skins that Charles Town exported to Europe between 1699 to 1715?	{ "text": [ "54,000" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
5730235ba23a5019007fce23	Charleston,_South_Carolina	As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ...	What is the oldest college in South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "College of Charles Towne" ], "answer_start": [ 581 ] }
5730235ba23a5019007fce24	Charleston,_South_Carolina	As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ...	Charleston supported the College of Charles Towne until what year?	{ "text": [ "1970" ], "answer_start": [ 696 ] }
5730235ba23a5019007fce25	Charleston,_South_Carolina	As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ...	What year was the Charles Towne Library Society established?	{ "text": [ "1748" ], "answer_start": [ 409 ] }
5730235ba23a5019007fce26	Charleston,_South_Carolina	As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ...	When was the College of Charles Towe founded?	{ "text": [ "1770" ], "answer_start": [ 609 ] }
5730235ba23a5019007fce27	Charleston,_South_Carolina	As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ...	What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood?	{ "text": [ "Dock Street Theatre" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
57302508b2c2fd140056894f	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists atta...	Which general tried to seize Charles Town during the American Revolution?	{ "text": [ "General Sir Henry Clinton" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
57302508b2c2fd1400568950	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists atta...	When did General Clinton attack South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "June 28, 1776" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
57302508b2c2fd1400568951	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists atta...	Who was the commander of the American forces defending South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "Col. Moultrie" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
57302508b2c2fd1400568952	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists atta...	What was the British hoping to inspire by their attack on Charles Town?	{ "text": [ "a simultaneous Loyalist uprising" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
57302508b2c2fd1400568953	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists atta...	Fort Sullivan was renamed what after the battle?	{ "text": [ "Fort Moultrie" ], "answer_start": [ 598 ] }
5730261da23a5019007fce6d	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran...	What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?	{ "text": [ "Siege of Charles Towne" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
5730261da23a5019007fce6e	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran...	How many soldiers did General Clinton return with?	{ "text": [ "14,000" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
5730261da23a5019007fce6f	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran...	In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?	{ "text": [ "1780" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
5730261da23a5019007fce70	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran...	Who was the leader of the American forces defending Charles Towne?	{ "text": [ "General Benjamin Lincoln" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
5730261da23a5019007fce71	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran...	How many soldiers did General Lincoln lead?	{ "text": [ "5,400" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
57302769947a6a140053d1ac	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easil...	What city became the state capital of South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "Columbia" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
57302769947a6a140053d1ad	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easil...	Charleston was the state capital of South Carolina until what year?	{ "text": [ "1786" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
57302769947a6a140053d1ae	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easil...	In what year was the cotton gin invented?	{ "text": [ "1793" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
57302769947a6a140053d1af	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easil...	What became South Carolina's major export commodity after 1793?	{ "text": [ "cotton" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
57302769947a6a140053d1b0	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easil...	Who made up most of the primary labor force of cotton plantations?	{ "text": [ "Slaves" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
57302879947a6a140053d1c8	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts...	How many free people of color lived in Charleston in 1860?	{ "text": [ "3,785" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
57302879947a6a140053d1c9	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts...	What percentage of Charleston's population were free people of color?	{ "text": [ "8%" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
57302879947a6a140053d1ca	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts...	What percentage of Charleston's black population were free people of color?	{ "text": [ "18%" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
57302879947a6a140053d1cb	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts...	In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society created?	{ "text": [ "1790" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
57302879947a6a140053d1cc	Charleston,_South_Carolina	The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts...	In what year did the Brown Fellowship Society end?	{ "text": [ "1945" ], "answer_start": [ 503 ] }
5730299db2c2fd14005689a5	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ...	What was planned by Denmark Vesey?	{ "text": [ "slave revolt" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
5730299db2c2fd14005689a6	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ...	When was Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed?	{ "text": [ "May 1822" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
5730299db2c2fd14005689a7	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ...	How was Vesey executed in 1822?	{ "text": [ "hanged" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
5730299db2c2fd14005689a8	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ...	How many slaves were executed with Vesey?	{ "text": [ "five slaves" ], "answer_start": [ 408 ] }
5730299db2c2fd14005689a9	Charleston,_South_Carolina	By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ...	What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves?	{ "text": [ "Haitian Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c3	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,...	How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860?	{ "text": [ "17,000" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c4	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,...	How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?	{ "text": [ "27,000" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c5	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,...	Black left which religious denomination is great numbers after slavery?	{ "text": [ "Southern Baptist Church" ], "answer_start": [ 350 ] }
57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c6	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,...	AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America?	{ "text": [ "the North" ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
57302bbf04bcaa1900d772c7	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes,...	What barred product ,along with dogs and guns , did the Freemen want after slavery ended?	{ "text": [ "liquor" ], "answer_start": [ 601 ] }
57302e56947a6a140053d238	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ...	What association founded the Avery Normal Institute?	{ "text": [ "the American Missionary Association" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
57302e56947a6a140053d239	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ...	What type of school was the Avery Normal Institute?	{ "text": [ "free secondary school" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
57302e56947a6a140053d23a	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ...	Who attended the Avery Normal Institute?	{ "text": [ "Charleston's African American population" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
57302e56947a6a140053d23b	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ...	What general supported the conversion of a US Arsenal into Porter Military Academy?	{ "text": [ "William T. Sherman" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
57302e56947a6a140053d23c	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ...	Soldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy were affected by what?	{ "text": [ "war" ], "answer_start": [ 595 ] }
57303039b2c2fd1400568a2d	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...	What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?	{ "text": [ "57%" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
57303039b2c2fd1400568a2e	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...	What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?	{ "text": [ "73%" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
57303039b2c2fd1400568a2f	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...	In 1876, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?	{ "text": [ "white Democrats" ], "answer_start": [ 435 ] }
57303039b2c2fd1400568a30	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...	The second riot of 1876 happened when?	{ "text": [ "the day after the election in November" ], "answer_start": [ 490 ] }
57303039b2c2fd1400568a31	Charleston,_South_Carolina	In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in num...	How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?	{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
573031ba947a6a140053d268	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro...	What were white Democratic paramilitary groups in Charleston known as?	{ "text": [ "the Red Shirts" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
573031ba947a6a140053d269	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro...	What granted Freeman were American citizenship?	{ "text": [ "federal constitutional amendments." ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
573031ba947a6a140053d26a	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro...	The Cainhoy Incident occurred on what day?	{ "text": [ "October 15" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }
573031ba947a6a140053d26b	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro...	The violent 1876 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day?	{ "text": [ "September 6" ], "answer_start": [ 519 ] }
573031ba947a6a140053d26c	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro...	Who won the 1876 election as a result of voter intimidation?	{ "text": [ "Wade Hampton" ], "answer_start": [ 850 ] }
573032f6b2c2fd1400568a51	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a...	What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1886?	{ "text": [ "an earthquake" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
573032f6b2c2fd1400568a52	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a...	What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1886?	{ "text": [ "August 31, 1886" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
573032f6b2c2fd1400568a53	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a...	How many buildings were damaged by the 1886 earthquake in Charleston?	{ "text": [ "2,000 buildings" ], "answer_start": [ 354 ] }
573032f6b2c2fd1400568a54	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a...	What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston?	{ "text": [ "$6 million" ], "answer_start": [ 395 ] }
573032f6b2c2fd1400568a55	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and a...	What was the total value of all of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake?	{ "text": [ "$24 million" ], "answer_start": [ 513 ] }
5730345eb2c2fd1400568a69	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature...	Which party dominated South Carolina's state legislature?	{ "text": [ "Democrat" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
5730345eb2c2fd1400568a6a	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature...	What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against blacks were passed?	{ "text": [ "1896" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
5730345eb2c2fd1400568a6b	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature...	The William Enston Home was built in what year?	{ "text": [ "1889." ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
5730345eb2c2fd1400568a6c	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature...	Blacks were the majority in South Carolina until what year?	{ "text": [ "1930" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
5730345eb2c2fd1400568a6d	Charleston,_South_Carolina	Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature...	A large post office and courthouse was built in what year?	{ "text": [ "1896" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
57303645947a6a140053d29e	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jack...	On what day were nine people killed in the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church?	{ "text": [ "June 17, 2015" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
57303645947a6a140053d29f	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jack...	What was the name of 21 year old that killed nine church members in Charleston, South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "Dylann Roof" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
57303645947a6a140053d2a0	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jack...	Clementa Pinckney served what public office for the state of South Carolina?	{ "text": [ "state senator" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
57303645947a6a140053d2a1	Charleston,_South_Carolina	On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jack...	On what day was the Confederate flag removed from South Carolina State House?	{ "text": [ "July 10, 2015" ], "answer_start": [ 655 ] }

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