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5730564e396df91900096095
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before th...
For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?
{ "text": [ "city's reconstruction" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
5730564e396df91900096096
Charleston,_South_Carolina
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before th...
Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?
{ "text": [ "Confederacy" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
572e8b8fc246551400ce4320
The_Blitz
Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum ...
What was the beginning date of the aerial raids on Great Britain?
{ "text": [ "7 September 1940" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
572e8b8fc246551400ce4321
The_Blitz
Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum ...
How many days did the aerial raids on Great Britain last?
{ "text": [ "267 days" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
572e8b8fc246551400ce4322
The_Blitz
Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum ...
How many times was London attacked?
{ "text": [ "71 times" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }
572e8b8fc246551400ce4323
The_Blitz
Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum ...
Who was the UK Prime Minster at the time of the aerial raids?
{ "text": [ "Winston Churchill" ], "answer_start": [ 596 ] }
572e8b8fc246551400ce4324
The_Blitz
Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum ...
What city did Winston Churchill bomb in retaliation for the killing of civilians?
{ "text": [ "Berlin" ], "answer_start": [ 639 ] }
572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d115
The_Blitz
From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At...
How many nights did the Luftwaffe bomb London?
{ "text": [ "57 consecutive nights" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d116
The_Blitz
From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At...
What north sea port was the secondary target for bombers that could not find their primary target?
{ "text": [ "Sea port of Hull" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d117
The_Blitz
From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At...
How many homes in London were destroyed in London?
{ "text": [ "More than one million" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d118
The_Blitz
From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At...
How many people were killed in Liverpool?
{ "text": [ "nearly 4,000 deaths" ], "answer_start": [ 369 ] }
572e8d9adfa6aa1500f8d119
The_Blitz
From 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main At...
Which city centre was destroyed?
{ "text": [ "Coventry" ], "answer_start": [ 1103 ] }
572edc20c246551400ce474a
The_Blitz
The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 194...
What was the name of the Luftwaffe plan to invade Britain?
{ "text": [ "Operation Sea Lion" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
572edc20c246551400ce474b
The_Blitz
The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 194...
How many people died in the bombing of Hamburg?
{ "text": [ "42,000" ], "answer_start": [ 714 ] }
572edc20c246551400ce474c
The_Blitz
The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 194...
What was the date of the bombing of Hamburg?
{ "text": [ "July 1943" ], "answer_start": [ 689 ] }
572edc20c246551400ce474d
The_Blitz
The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 194...
Who was the leader of the Luftwaffe?
{ "text": [ "Hitler" ], "answer_start": [ 471 ] }
572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1640
The_Blitz
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c...
In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?
{ "text": [ "Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1641
The_Blitz
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c...
Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what?
{ "text": [ "collapse of civilian will" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1642
The_Blitz
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c...
What kind of populace was believed to be most vulnerable?
{ "text": [ "Democracies" ], "answer_start": [ 564 ] }
572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1643
The_Blitz
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c...
What does USAAC stand for?
{ "text": [ "United States Army Air Corps" ], "answer_start": [ 773 ] }
572eddf0cb0c0d14000f1644
The_Blitz
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and c...
What kind of bombing raids were most favored?
{ "text": [ "night" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
572edf54dfa6aa1500f8d489
The_Blitz
Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did...
Who believe air power alone would not be decisive?
{ "text": [ "Luftwaffe" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
572edf54dfa6aa1500f8d48a
The_Blitz
Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did...
What was the name of the Luftwaffe's bombing raids?
{ "text": [ "terror bombing" ], "answer_start": [ 473 ] }
572edf54dfa6aa1500f8d48b
The_Blitz
Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did...
What year did the terror bombing policy become official?
{ "text": [ "1942" ], "answer_start": [ 619 ] }
572f58c5b2c2fd1400568053
The_Blitz
Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General ...
Who said the Luftwaffe General Staff should be taught grand strategy?
{ "text": [ "Wever" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572f58c5b2c2fd1400568054
The_Blitz
Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General ...
What is the mentality of potential opponents also known as?
{ "text": [ "mirror imaging" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
572f58c5b2c2fd1400568055
The_Blitz
Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General ...
What did the Air Academies not focus on?
{ "text": [ "independent strategic air offensives" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
572f58c5b2c2fd1400568056
The_Blitz
Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General ...
What army does the general staff belong to?
{ "text": [ "the Luftwaffe" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
572f5af4947a6a140053c8b4
The_Blitz
In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve...
How did Wever die?
{ "text": [ "air crash" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
572f5af4947a6a140053c8b5
The_Blitz
In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve...
What year did Wever die?
{ "text": [ "1936" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
572f5af4947a6a140053c8b6
The_Blitz
In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve...
Who took over for Wever after his death?
{ "text": [ "Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
572f5af4947a6a140053c8b7
The_Blitz
In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve...
What two men were the most important in ground support?
{ "text": [ "Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek" ], "answer_start": [ 450 ] }
572f5af4947a6a140053c8b8
The_Blitz
In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. Howeve...
What long time careers were Sperrle and Jeschonnek involved in?
{ "text": [ "German air services" ], "answer_start": [ 541 ] }
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568081
The_Blitz
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L...
What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler?
{ "text": [ "1930s" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568082
The_Blitz
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L...
Who had skepticism towards strategic bombing?
{ "text": [ "Adolf Hitler" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568083
The_Blitz
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L...
Why did Hitler feel bombing wasn't working?
{ "text": [ "inability to damage industries" ], "answer_start": [ 586 ] }
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568084
The_Blitz
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L...
In 1939 Hitler said bombing of Britain would begin when?
{ "text": [ "the moment was right" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568085
The_Blitz
Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the L...
Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids?
{ "text": [ "prescribed targets are not hit" ], "answer_start": [ 730 ] }
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d5
The_Blitz
Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o...
How did Hitler threaten small nations into accepting German rule?
{ "text": [ "air bombardment" ], "answer_start": [ 188 ] }
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d6
The_Blitz
Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o...
What policy did Hitler hope the bombing of Allies would cause?
{ "text": [ "policy of moderation" ], "answer_start": [ 656 ] }
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d7
The_Blitz
Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o...
What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for?
{ "text": [ "political" ], "answer_start": [ 758 ] }
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d8
The_Blitz
Ultimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for o...
Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain?
{ "text": [ "to produce a stalemate" ], "answer_start": [ 1059 ] }
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fb
The_Blitz
A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undiv...
Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?
{ "text": [ "Hermann Göring" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fc
The_Blitz
A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undiv...
What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?
{ "text": [ "strangle British sea communications" ], "answer_start": [ 995 ] }
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fd
The_Blitz
A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undiv...
Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?
{ "text": [ "the Kriegsmarine" ], "answer_start": [ 907 ] }
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fe
The_Blitz
A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undiv...
What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?
{ "text": [ "aircraft" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
572f6e82947a6a140053c94a
The_Blitz
The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available...
What was the major cause of the separation between the Luftwaffe and the other military structure?
{ "text": [ "communications gap" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
572f6e82947a6a140053c94b
The_Blitz
The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available...
What did Goring do because of his fear of Hitler?
{ "text": [ "misrepresent what information" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
572f6e82947a6a140053c94c
The_Blitz
The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available...
What year did Goring display the Luftwaffe's advanced equipment?
{ "text": [ "1939" ], "answer_start": [ 637 ] }
572f6e82947a6a140053c94d
The_Blitz
The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available...
In what city did Goring display the advance equipment?
{ "text": [ "Rechlin" ], "answer_start": [ 715 ] }
572f6e82947a6a140053c94e
The_Blitz
The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available...
Who's bombing program did Goring abandon in 1939?
{ "text": [ "Wever" ], "answer_start": [ 446 ] }
572f709d947a6a140053c966
The_Blitz
Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ...
Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?
{ "text": [ "UK and France" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
572f709d947a6a140053c967
The_Blitz
Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ...
The RAF bombed what Germany coast?
{ "text": [ "Wilhelmshaven" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
572f709d947a6a140053c968
The_Blitz
Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ...
What kind of leaflets were dropped?
{ "text": [ "propaganda" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
572f709d947a6a140053c969
The_Blitz
Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ...
What were the RAF operations trying to lessen?
{ "text": [ "civilian casualties" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
572f709d947a6a140053c96a
The_Blitz
Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – ...
What year did the Luftwaffe destroy Rotterdam center?
{ "text": [ "1940" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
572f785e04bcaa1900d769bf
The_Blitz
Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Chann...
Which tactics were the Luftwaffe excepted to use against Britain?
{ "text": [ "air operations" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c0
The_Blitz
Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Chann...
Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?
{ "text": [ "to gain air superiority" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c1
The_Blitz
Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Chann...
What was the name of the Channel the Luftwaffe bomb to try to gain air superiority?
{ "text": [ "English" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c2
The_Blitz
Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Chann...
Which Navy was assumed not to be able to operate under German air superiority?
{ "text": [ "Royal" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
572f7ac2b2c2fd1400568169
The_Blitz
The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 194...
Why did the Luftwaffe fail to locate their targets?
{ "text": [ "poor intelligence" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816a
The_Blitz
The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 194...
Britain's fabrication of fighter planes out paced Germany by what margin?
{ "text": [ "2 to 1" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816b
The_Blitz
The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 194...
How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?
{ "text": [ "10,000" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816c
The_Blitz
The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 194...
What did German crew members face if they were shot down over Britain?
{ "text": [ "capture" ], "answer_start": [ 740 ] }
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816d
The_Blitz
The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 194...
How big was the crew of a bomber?
{ "text": [ "four to five crewmen" ], "answer_start": [ 771 ] }
572f8332b2c2fd140056819b
The_Blitz
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of Augu...
What does OKL stand for?
{ "text": [ "Oberkommando der Luftwaffe" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
572f8332b2c2fd140056819c
The_Blitz
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of Augu...
What month would the weather window begin to decline?
{ "text": [ "October" ], "answer_start": [ 542 ] }
572f8332b2c2fd140056819d
The_Blitz
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of Augu...
If serious loss had happened to the RAF where might they have pulled out of?
{ "text": [ "the north" ], "answer_start": [ 630 ] }
572f8332b2c2fd140056819e
The_Blitz
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of Augu...
What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion?
{ "text": [ "Unternehmen Seelöwe" ], "answer_start": [ 927 ] }
572f8332b2c2fd140056819f
The_Blitz
The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of Augu...
Who had exponential larger naval forces?
{ "text": [ "British naval forces" ], "answer_start": [ 813 ] }
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e5
The_Blitz
Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in str...
The Luftwaffe air fleets were taking what kind of losses?
{ "text": [ "punishing" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e6
The_Blitz
Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in str...
What did the punishing losses to the air fleet cause the Luftwaffe to do?
{ "text": [ "change in strategy" ], "answer_start": [ 259 ] }
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e7
The_Blitz
Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in str...
What kind of strategy did the Luftwaffe use to give their bombers better protection?
{ "text": [ "cover of darkness" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e8
The_Blitz
Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in str...
What city did Hitler give a speech where he said he would erase British cities?
{ "text": [ "Sportspalast" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e9
The_Blitz
Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in str...
In what year did Hitler give the speech at Sportspalast?
{ "text": [ "1940" ], "answer_start": [ 450 ] }
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c5
The_Blitz
It was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale raid was launched...
Which British city did the Luftwaffe focus its bombing on?
{ "text": [ "London" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c6
The_Blitz
It was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale raid was launched...
What was the name of the large air raid that took place in daylight hours in Britain?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Britain Day" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c7
The_Blitz
It was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale raid was launched...
What was the main reason the Luftwaffe was not able to cause extensive damage with their missions?
{ "text": [ "bomb-load limitations" ], "answer_start": [ 894 ] }
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c8
The_Blitz
It was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale raid was launched...
What kind of bombers was Germany not able to build?
{ "text": [ "four-engined bombers" ], "answer_start": [ 1277 ] }
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681cd
The_Blitz
Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OK...
Poor intelligence and what other problem made it difficult for the Luftwaffe to do extreme damage?
{ "text": [ "unclear strategy" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681ce
The_Blitz
Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OK...
What year did the OKL become aware that Britain would be a possible target?
{ "text": [ "early 1938" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681cf
The_Blitz
Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OK...
What disagreements did the Luftwaffe staff center around?
{ "text": [ "tactics" ], "answer_start": [ 840 ] }
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681d0
The_Blitz
Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OK...
What did the disputes between the staff cause to happen to the strategy against Britain?
{ "text": [ "failure before it began" ], "answer_start": [ 915 ] }
572f9082a23a5019007fc75d
The_Blitz
In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial...
Coupled with British quick reactions what cause operational capacity hard to achieve?
{ "text": [ "limitations in weapons technology" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
572f9082a23a5019007fc75e
The_Blitz
In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial...
What was an important fuel in the Second World War?
{ "text": [ "coal" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }
572f9082a23a5019007fc75f
The_Blitz
In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial...
What kind of bombs were effective in the beginning but became less so with time?
{ "text": [ "delayed-action bombs" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
572f9082a23a5019007fc760
The_Blitz
In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial...
What did Britain do that helped make the new strategy less effective?
{ "text": [ "dispersed its production facilities" ], "answer_start": [ 594 ] }
572f9082a23a5019007fc761
The_Blitz
In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel in all industrial...
Who was given permission to restore power and move supplies to keep the war moving?
{ "text": [ "Regional commissioners" ], "answer_start": [ 684 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b13
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai...
How many casualties did the British government estimate for every ton of bombs dropped?
{ "text": [ "50" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b14
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai...
As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day?
{ "text": [ "644" ], "answer_start": [ 384 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b15
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai...
What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?
{ "text": [ "Imperial Defence" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b16
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai...
How many tons did experts expect Germany to drop in the first 24 hours of the war?
{ "text": [ "3,500" ], "answer_start": [ 731 ] }
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b17
The_Blitz
Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai...
Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?
{ "text": [ "Basil Liddell-Hart" ], "answer_start": [ 1008 ] }
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fb
The_Blitz
In addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing, implying three...
What was the biggest fear aerial attacks would cause besides death and wounded?
{ "text": [ "psychological trauma" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fc
The_Blitz
In addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing, implying three...
Psychiatrists believe in 1938 that mental trauma could reach how many millions?
{ "text": [ "three to four" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fd
The_Blitz
In addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing, implying three...
Where did 150,000 migrate during the Munich crisis?
{ "text": [ "Wales" ], "answer_start": [ 662 ] }
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fe
The_Blitz
In addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombing, implying three...
Who told Parliament that after long periods of attacks people would leave the cities for the country?
{ "text": [ "Winston Churchill" ], "answer_start": [ 359 ] }
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc817
The_Blitz
The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were d...
The government planned to evacuate 1.4 million from which city?
{ "text": [ "London" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc818
The_Blitz
The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were d...
What trial took place on August 10 1939?
{ "text": [ "a blackout" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc819
The_Blitz
The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were d...
How long were lights not allowed on after dark?
{ "text": [ "almost six years" ], "answer_start": [ 493 ] }