id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc81a | The_Blitz | The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were d... | What was most unpopular affect of the war with civilians ? | {
"text": [
"the blackout"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc81b | The_Blitz | The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were d... | Why did the government and civil service not want to relocate during the war? | {
"text": [
"damage civilian morale"
],
"answer_start": [
750
]
} |
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b39 | The_Blitz | Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish... | What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle? | {
"text": [
"shelters"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3a | The_Blitz | Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish... | What year did the shelter program finish? | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3b | The_Blitz | Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish... | Why were the shelters soon abandoned in 1940? | {
"text": [
"unsafe"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3c | The_Blitz | Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish... | Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters? | {
"text": [
"attacks by night"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
572fa82fa23a5019007fc843 | The_Blitz | Very deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment would develop in l... | What kind of sentiment did the government fear would developed in large group shelters? | {
"text": [
"anti-war"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
572fa82fa23a5019007fc844 | The_Blitz | Very deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment would develop in l... | Who did the government see as a leading advocate for building deep shelters? | {
"text": [
"the Communist Party's"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
572fa82fa23a5019007fc845 | The_Blitz | Very deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment would develop in l... | What was the name of the Pact of August 1939? | {
"text": [
"Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682dd | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | Why did the government refuse to allow the London Underground stations to be used as shelters? | {
"text": [
"interfere with commuter and troop travel"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682de | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders? | {
"text": [
"by the second week"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682df | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | In 1940 how many people were sleeping in the Underground stations? | {
"text": [
"150,000 a night"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682e0 | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | Muffling the sound of batter made what easier in the Underground Stations? | {
"text": [
"sleep"
],
"answer_start": [
807
]
} |
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682e1 | The_Blitz | The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants mi... | Why were many killed in Underground Stations? | {
"text": [
"direct hits"
],
"answer_start": [
875
]
} |
572fabd004bcaa1900d76ba9 | The_Blitz | Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in priv... | What was the largest number to use Underground shelters in September 27, 1940? | {
"text": [
"177,000"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
572fabd004bcaa1900d76baa | The_Blitz | Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in priv... | In 1940 what percentage used the Tube for a sleeping shelter? | {
"text": [
"4%"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bab | The_Blitz | Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in priv... | Where did 60% of populations stay? | {
"text": [
"at home"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bac | The_Blitz | Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in priv... | What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters? | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bad | The_Blitz | Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in priv... | Where could the Morrison shelters be used? | {
"text": [
"inside homes"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
572fad10b2c2fd140056830d | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | What year did the government start to build new deep shelters? | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
572fad10b2c2fd140056830e | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | How many people were the new shelters going to hold? | {
"text": [
"80,000"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
572fad10b2c2fd140056830f | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters? | {
"text": [
"Tickets"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
572fad10b2c2fd1400568310 | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | Which two groups help improve life in the shelters? | {
"text": [
"British Red Cross and the Salvation Army"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
572fad10b2c2fd1400568311 | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | What kind of trains provided food in the shelters? | {
"text": [
"canteen"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
572faedf947a6a140053cb72 | The_Blitz | Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are ... | With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected? | {
"text": [
"psychiatric crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
572faedf947a6a140053cb73 | The_Blitz | Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are ... | What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit? | {
"text": [
"American"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572faedf947a6a140053cb74 | The_Blitz | Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are ... | People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what? | {
"text": [
"weather"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835b | The_Blitz | Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the... | Anne Freud and Edward Glover said London civilians did not suffer from what? | {
"text": [
"widespread shell shock"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835c | The_Blitz | Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the... | Why did the psychiatric clinics close? | {
"text": [
"lack of need"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835d | The_Blitz | Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the... | What two things declined during the attacks in Britain? | {
"text": [
"suicides and drunkenness"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835e | The_Blitz | Ingersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental casualties of the... | The entire country was being attack and Glover believe it help people to do what? | {
"text": [
"accept and deal"
],
"answer_start": [
1014
]
} |
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e3 | The_Blitz | The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some... | What drink was never rationed? | {
"text": [
"beer"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e4 | The_Blitz | The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some... | How many people attended cricket at Lord's? | {
"text": [
"13,000"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e5 | The_Blitz | The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some... | What percent of Briton's expected to lose the war? | {
"text": [
"3%"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e6 | The_Blitz | The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some... | What was Churchill's highest rating? | {
"text": [
"89%"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e7 | The_Blitz | The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some... | What were Spitfire Funds used for? | {
"text": [
"to build fighters"
],
"answer_start": [
996
]
} |
572fbbdfb2c2fd14005683c1 | The_Blitz | The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000 personnel by July... | What is ARP? | {
"text": [
"Air Raid Precautions"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
572fbbdfb2c2fd14005683c2 | The_Blitz | The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000 personnel by July... | The Auxiliary Fire Service had how many members in July of 1939? | {
"text": [
"138,000"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
572fbbdfb2c2fd14005683c3 | The_Blitz | The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000 personnel by July... | Who was given the name Blitz Scouts? | {
"text": [
"Scout Association"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
572fbbdfb2c2fd14005683c4 | The_Blitz | The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000 personnel by July... | The Royal Army Pay Corps and what other group were in charge of salvage and clean-up? | {
"text": [
"Pioneer Corps"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
572fbceaa23a5019007fc927 | The_Blitz | The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and opera... | What group did Samuel Hoare set up in 1938? | {
"text": [
"Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
572fbceaa23a5019007fc928 | The_Blitz | The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and opera... | Who was Home Secretary in 1938? | {
"text": [
"Samuel Hoare"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
572fbceaa23a5019007fc929 | The_Blitz | The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and opera... | How many members did the WVS have at the end of 1941? | {
"text": [
"one million"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
572fbceaa23a5019007fc92a | The_Blitz | The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and opera... | How many gas mask were issued before the war? | {
"text": [
"50 million"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
572fbec404bcaa1900d76c65 | The_Blitz | In the inter-war years and after 1940, Hugh Dowding, Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command has received credit for the defence of British air space and the failure of the Luftwaffe to achieve air superiority. However, Dowding had spent so much effort preparing day fighter defences, there was little to prevent the Germ... | Who was the Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command after 1940? | {
"text": [
"Hugh Dowding"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
572fbec404bcaa1900d76c66 | The_Blitz | In the inter-war years and after 1940, Hugh Dowding, Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command has received credit for the defence of British air space and the failure of the Luftwaffe to achieve air superiority. However, Dowding had spent so much effort preparing day fighter defences, there was little to prevent the Germ... | What credit did Dowding receive? | {
"text": [
"defence of British air space"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
572fbec404bcaa1900d76c67 | The_Blitz | In the inter-war years and after 1940, Hugh Dowding, Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command has received credit for the defence of British air space and the failure of the Luftwaffe to achieve air superiority. However, Dowding had spent so much effort preparing day fighter defences, there was little to prevent the Germ... | What strategy could the German's have used instead of day raids? | {
"text": [
"bombing at night"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
572fbec404bcaa1900d76c68 | The_Blitz | In the inter-war years and after 1940, Hugh Dowding, Air Officer Commanding Fighter Command has received credit for the defence of British air space and the failure of the Luftwaffe to achieve air superiority. However, Dowding had spent so much effort preparing day fighter defences, there was little to prevent the Germ... | Why were civic and political leaders worried about Dowdings? | {
"text": [
"lack of reaction to the new crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
572fc229b2c2fd1400568403 | The_Blitz | Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door. When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made, Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly. The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance... | Who was reluctant to act quickly when urgent changes need to be made? | {
"text": [
"Dowding"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
572fc229b2c2fd1400568404 | The_Blitz | Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door. When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made, Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly. The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance... | Who thought Dowding was stubborn and didn't like to cooperate? | {
"text": [
"Air Staff"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
572fc229b2c2fd1400568405 | The_Blitz | Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door. When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made, Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly. The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance... | The Air Ministry was critical of Dowding after which battle? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Britain Day"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
572fc229b2c2fd1400568406 | The_Blitz | Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door. When urgent changes and improvements needed to be made, Dowding seemed reluctant to act quickly. The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance... | What did the Air Ministry plan to do with his failures? | {
"text": [
"attack him and his abilities"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
572fc43604bcaa1900d76cc3 | The_Blitz | Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) "failure" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook... | Who was summoned to the Air Ministry conference on October 17, 1940? | {
"text": [
"Dowding"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572fc43604bcaa1900d76cc4 | The_Blitz | Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) "failure" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook... | Lord Beaverbrook and Churchill's support of Dowding was what? | {
"text": [
"waning"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
572fc43604bcaa1900d76cc5 | The_Blitz | Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) "failure" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook... | Neglect of the RAF until 1938 caused what to happen? | {
"text": [
"sparse resources to build defences"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
572fc43604bcaa1900d76cc6 | The_Blitz | Dowding was summoned to an Air Ministry conference on 17 October 1940 to explain the poor state of night defences and the supposed (but ultimately successful) "failure" of his daytime strategy. The criticism of his leadership extended far beyond the Air Council, and the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook... | The Air Ministry and which other group decided to not make night defense a top priority? | {
"text": [
"Chamberlain Government"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
572fc58bb2c2fd1400568435 | The_Blitz | The attitude of the Air Ministry was in contrast to the experiences of the First World War when a few German bombers caused physical and psychological damage out of all proportion to their numbers. Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more. Most people ag... | People over the age of 35 reacted to the bombings with what? | {
"text": [
"great trepidation"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
572fc58bb2c2fd1400568436 | The_Blitz | The attitude of the Air Ministry was in contrast to the experiences of the First World War when a few German bombers caused physical and psychological damage out of all proportion to their numbers. Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more. Most people ag... | Why had German raids decreased between 1916-1918? | {
"text": [
"countermeasures"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
572fc58bb2c2fd1400568437 | The_Blitz | The attitude of the Air Ministry was in contrast to the experiences of the First World War when a few German bombers caused physical and psychological damage out of all proportion to their numbers. Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more. Most people ag... | How many people were killed by bomb drops during the first World War? | {
"text": [
"1,413"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
572fc58bb2c2fd1400568438 | The_Blitz | The attitude of the Air Ministry was in contrast to the experiences of the First World War when a few German bombers caused physical and psychological damage out of all proportion to their numbers. Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more. Most people ag... | How many bombs had been dropped? | {
"text": [
"9,000"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
572fc711947a6a140053cc9e | The_Blitz | Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and ... | What did the RAF put most of their resources into? | {
"text": [
"daylight fighter defences"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
572fc711947a6a140053cc9f | The_Blitz | Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and ... | RAF bombers had trouble flying at night, so the British believe the Germans would do what? | {
"text": [
"suffer the same problems"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
572fc711947a6a140053cca0 | The_Blitz | Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and ... | Britain believe German bombers would be unable to reach and identify what? | {
"text": [
"targets"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
572fc711947a6a140053cca1 | The_Blitz | Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and ... | What did the Air Force believe they could avoid if they carried out effective day missions? | {
"text": [
"night missions and their disadvantages"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
572fd16804bcaa1900d76d85 | The_Blitz | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | What did the British offence become know as? | {
"text": [
"cult of the offensive"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
572fd16804bcaa1900d76d86 | The_Blitz | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical? | {
"text": [
"lacked the technology and equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
572fd16804bcaa1900d76d87 | The_Blitz | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | Until 1940 what type of aircraft did the RAF lacked? | {
"text": [
"specialist night-fighting"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
572fd16804bcaa1900d76d88 | The_Blitz | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | What was wrong with the anti aircraft units? | {
"text": [
"poorly equipped and lacking in numbers"
],
"answer_start": [
891
]
} |
572fd474947a6a140053cd20 | The_Blitz | Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ... | What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do? | {
"text": [
"land at night or in bad weather"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
572fd474947a6a140053cd21 | The_Blitz | Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ... | The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system? | {
"text": [
"Knickebein"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
572fd474947a6a140053cd22 | The_Blitz | Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ... | The Knickebein was the same as the Lorenz but used how many beams? | {
"text": [
"two Lorenz beams"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
572fd474947a6a140053cd23 | The_Blitz | Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with ... | The Germans flew along one beam until they picked up the second beam the sound telling them when to start doing what? | {
"text": [
"dropping their bombs"
],
"answer_start": [
754
]
} |
572fdbf3947a6a140053cd68 | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | While Knickebein was used my most German crews who used the X-Gerat system? | {
"text": [
"specially trained pathfinder crews"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
572fdbf3947a6a140053cd69 | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | What frequency did the X-Gerat system use? | {
"text": [
"66–77 MHz"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
572fdbf3947a6a140053cd6a | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | What rate per minute did ground transmitters send? | {
"text": [
"180"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
572fdbf3947a6a140053cd6b | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what? | {
"text": [
"start the bombing-clock"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
572fdbf3947a6a140053cd6c | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | What mechanism cause the bombs to be released? | {
"text": [
"clock's timing"
],
"answer_start": [
926
]
} |
572fddffb2c2fd1400568531 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | Which system was the most complex of the three? | {
"text": [
"Y-Gerät"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572fddffb2c2fd1400568532 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | Who operated the automatic beam system? | {
"text": [
"the bomber's autopilot"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
572fddffb2c2fd1400568533 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course? | {
"text": [
"Direction-finding"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
572fddffb2c2fd1400568534 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what? | {
"text": [
"a code word"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
572fddffb2c2fd1400568535 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | Who issued the code word to the bombers? | {
"text": [
"ground controller"
],
"answer_start": [
575
]
} |
572fe5e8b2c2fd1400568581 | The_Blitz | In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwa... | In 1940 a German prisoner overheard boasting that the British would never find what system? | {
"text": [
"Knickebein"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
572fe5e8b2c2fd1400568582 | The_Blitz | In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwa... | Which RAF technical advisor was the conversation passed onto? | {
"text": [
"Dr. R. V. Jones"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572fe5e8b2c2fd1400568583 | The_Blitz | In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwa... | The Bean Approach Training Development Unit were fitted with what kind of transmitter to search for the Knickebein? | {
"text": [
"30 MHz receiver"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
572fe5e8b2c2fd1400568584 | The_Blitz | In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwa... | The beam was traced to what town? | {
"text": [
"Derby"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
572fe5e8b2c2fd1400568585 | The_Blitz | In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwa... | The first jamming operation was carried out using what machines? | {
"text": [
"electrocautery machines"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
572fe88104bcaa1900d76e83 | The_Blitz | German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The ... | The German beacons used what frequency band? | {
"text": [
"medium"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
572fe88104bcaa1900d76e84 | The_Blitz | German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The ... | What two letter identifier did the signal have? | {
"text": [
"Morse"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
572fe88104bcaa1900d76e85 | The_Blitz | German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The ... | What system used a separate locations for a receiver and a directional aerial? | {
"text": [
"Meacon"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
572fe88104bcaa1900d76e86 | The_Blitz | German beacons operated on the medium-frequency band and the signals involved a two-letter Morse identifier followed by a lengthy time-lapse which enabled the Luftwaffe crews to determine the signal's bearing. The Meacon system involved separate locations for a receiver with a directional aerial and a transmitter. The ... | When a German bomber flew to close to its own beam what happened to the signal? | {
"text": [
"stronger on the direction finder"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
572fea58947a6a140053cdea | The_Blitz | In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targ... | Anti-aircraft defenses became better after what? | {
"text": [
"Blitz was over"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
572fea58947a6a140053cdeb | The_Blitz | In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targ... | What did they use to lure German bombers away from their targets? | {
"text": [
"ruses"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
572fea58947a6a140053cdec | The_Blitz | In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targ... | What kind of airfields were prepared to stand up to skilled observers? | {
"text": [
"dummy"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
572fea58947a6a140053cded | The_Blitz | In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targ... | What was the name given to these dummy airfields? | {
"text": [
"Starfish"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
572fec6f947a6a140053ce06 | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | Fake fires were used as what kind of technique? | {
"text": [
"diversionary"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
572fec6f947a6a140053ce07 | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | Two tanks one of oil, one of water fed what kind of fire? | {
"text": [
"boiler"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
572fec6f947a6a140053ce08 | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | What was injected into the fires from time to time to produce a flash? | {
"text": [
"water"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
572fec6f947a6a140053ce09 | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | What did these flashes simulate? | {
"text": [
"German C-250 and C-500 Flammbomben"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
572fec6f947a6a140053ce0a | The_Blitz | The use of diversionary techniques such as fires had to be made carefully. The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control. Too early and the chances of success receded; too late and the real conflagration at the target would exceed the diversi... | What was the purpose of these fires? | {
"text": [
"deceive German bombardiers"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.