id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572fed9fa23a5019007fcb51 | The_Blitz | Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties. Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties. Of this total around 400 were killed. The fighting in the air was more intense in daylight... | The bombing of the Thames Estuary cause how many civilian casualties? | {
"text": [
"1,600"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
572fed9fa23a5019007fcb52 | The_Blitz | Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties. Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties. Of this total around 400 were killed. The fighting in the air was more intense in daylight... | How many were killed in the bombing of the Thames Estuary? | {
"text": [
"around 400"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
572fed9fa23a5019007fcb53 | The_Blitz | Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties. Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties. Of this total around 400 were killed. The fighting in the air was more intense in daylight... | How many aircraft did the Luftwaffe lose? | {
"text": [
"41"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
572fed9fa23a5019007fcb54 | The_Blitz | Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties. Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties. Of this total around 400 were killed. The fighting in the air was more intense in daylight... | How many German pilots were killed? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
572fed9fa23a5019007fcb55 | The_Blitz | Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties. Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties. Of this total around 400 were killed. The fighting in the air was more intense in daylight... | How many Air Fleet 3 attacked that night? | {
"text": [
"247"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
572ff6fb947a6a140053ce98 | The_Blitz | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | What was the name of the airfield where heavy raids took place? | {
"text": [
"Farnborough"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
572ff6fb947a6a140053ce99 | The_Blitz | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | How many Bf 109s were lost? | {
"text": [
"13"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
572ff6fb947a6a140053ce9a | The_Blitz | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | FighterCommand lost how many fighters? | {
"text": [
"17"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
572ff6fb947a6a140053ce9b | The_Blitz | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | How many pilots did Fighter Command lose? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
572ff6fb947a6a140053ce9c | The_Blitz | On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took p... | What caused the delay in the effort? | {
"text": [
"weather was poor"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
572ff89f04bcaa1900d76f6f | The_Blitz | On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air... | On September 15 the Luftwaffe made daylight raids on what target in London? | {
"text": [
"Thames Estuary"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
572ff89f04bcaa1900d76f70 | The_Blitz | On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air... | What two targets were the Luftwaffe trying to destroy? | {
"text": [
"docks and rail communications"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
572ff89f04bcaa1900d76f71 | The_Blitz | On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air... | What was the reason to try and draw the RAF into a battle? | {
"text": [
"destroy their fighters in large numbers"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
572ff89f04bcaa1900d76f72 | The_Blitz | On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air... | What was this air battle called? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Britain Day"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
572ff89f04bcaa1900d76f73 | The_Blitz | On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air... | The Luftwaffe lost what percentage of its bombers sent that day? | {
"text": [
"18"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
572ffa51947a6a140053ced2 | The_Blitz | While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Un... | Who thought the Luftwaffe could win? | {
"text": [
"Göring"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
572ffa51947a6a140053ced3 | The_Blitz | While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Un... | What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion? | {
"text": [
"17 September"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
572ffa51947a6a140053ced4 | The_Blitz | While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Un... | What was the name of the man from the Soviet Union who was doubtful of Operation Sea Lion? | {
"text": [
"Joseph Stalin"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
572ffa51947a6a140053ced5 | The_Blitz | While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Un... | Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers? | {
"text": [
"RAF"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
572ffa51947a6a140053ced6 | The_Blitz | While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Un... | When did the OKL switch to night raids? | {
"text": [
"7 October"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
572ffb1904bcaa1900d76fa9 | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | On October 14 how many German bombers attacked? | {
"text": [
"380"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
572ffb1904bcaa1900d76faa | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | How many people were killed? | {
"text": [
"Around 200"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
572ffb1904bcaa1900d76fab | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | Who fired anti-defense rounds? | {
"text": [
"General Frederick Alfred Pile"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
572ffb1904bcaa1900d76fac | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | How many rounds of anti-defense were fired? | {
"text": [
"8,326 rounds"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
572ffb1904bcaa1900d76fad | The_Blitz | On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 9... | How many German bombers were shot down? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
573024b4a23a5019007fce49 | The_Blitz | Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons ... | How much of the short tons of bombs were dropped during the day? | {
"text": [
"10 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
573024b4a23a5019007fce4a | The_Blitz | Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons ... | What two cities had 500 short tons of bombs dropped on them during the end of October? | {
"text": [
"Birmingham and Coventry"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
573024b4a23a5019007fce4b | The_Blitz | Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons ... | Liverpool had how many short tons dropped on it? | {
"text": [
"200"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
573024b4a23a5019007fce4c | The_Blitz | Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons ... | What was targeted with 12 short tons of bombs? | {
"text": [
"The Metropolitan-Vickers works in Manchester"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
573024b4a23a5019007fce4d | The_Blitz | Loge continued during October. According to German sources, 9,000 short tons (8,200 t) of bombs were dropped in that month, of which about 10 percent of which was dropped in daylight. Over 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) was aimed at London during the night. Attacks on Birmingham and Coventry were subject to 500 short tons ... | Which was targeted more heavily, bomber or fighter command airfields? | {
"text": [
"Bomber Command airfields"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
5730271b04bcaa1900d77256 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | Who was in command of the Luftflotte 2? | {
"text": [
"Kesselring"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
5730271b04bcaa1900d77257 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | How many sorties a night was Luftflotte 3 doing? | {
"text": [
"250"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
5730271b04bcaa1900d77258 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | What did the Fliegerkorps X concentrate on? | {
"text": [
"mining operations against shipping"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
5730271b04bcaa1900d77259 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | By April of 1941 about how many mines had been dropped? | {
"text": [
"3,984 mines"
],
"answer_start": [
791
]
} |
573028f2947a6a140053d1d2 | The_Blitz | By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingha... | By mid November of 1940 how many incendiaries were dropped on London? | {
"text": [
"1,000,000"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
573028f2947a6a140053d1d3 | The_Blitz | By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingha... | What locations suffered strong diversionary tactics? | {
"text": [
"Birmingham, Coventry and Liverpool"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
573028f2947a6a140053d1d4 | The_Blitz | By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingha... | In September how many railway hits were there in Great Britain? | {
"text": [
"no less than 667"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
573028f2947a6a140053d1d5 | The_Blitz | By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingha... | What did the Ministry of Home Security fail to discover? | {
"text": [
"the slightest sign of a break in morale"
],
"answer_start": [
1067
]
} |
573028f2947a6a140053d1d6 | The_Blitz | By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingha... | About how many civilians were injured in September and October? | {
"text": [
"20,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1163
]
} |
57302ae2a23a5019007fced9 | The_Blitz | The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined... | What was the name of the American observer? | {
"text": [
"Ingersoll"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
57302ae2a23a5019007fcedb | The_Blitz | The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined... | The Battersea Power Station took how many hits in two months? | {
"text": [
"one minor hit (\"a nick\")"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
57302ae2a23a5019007fcedc | The_Blitz | The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined... | How many bridges over the Thames were struck? | {
"text": [
"No bridge over the Thames had been hit"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
57302ae2a23a5019007fcedd | The_Blitz | The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications. The aim is surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly inaccurate ... The physical damage to civilian London, to sum up, was more general and more extensive than I had imagined... | What did German pilots use to gain knowledge of an airfield? | {
"text": [
"prewar commercial flights."
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
57302cf4b2c2fd14005689ed | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | British night air defenses were effective to what height? | {
"text": [
"12,000 ft (3,700 m)"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
57302cf4b2c2fd14005689ee | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain? | {
"text": [
"only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
57302cf4b2c2fd14005689ef | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | What was the practical ceiling of the effective heavy guns? | {
"text": [
"25,000 ft (7,600 m)"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
57302cf4b2c2fd14005689f0 | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | What type of light gun dealt with aircraft up to 6000 ft.? | {
"text": [
"Bofors 40 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
57302cf4b2c2fd14005689f1 | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | What is believed to have caused many civilian casualties from anti-aircraft guns? | {
"text": [
"falling shell fragments"
],
"answer_start": [
938
]
} |
57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e1 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | Who reorganised London's defences? | {
"text": [
"General Pile"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e2 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery? | {
"text": [
"one-third"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e3 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | Who relied on night fighters? | {
"text": [
"Dowding"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e4 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | Who's four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type? | {
"text": [
"Boulton Paul Defiant"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
57302e8d04bcaa1900d772e5 | The_Blitz | London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,... | How were AA defenses improved? | {
"text": [
"by better use of radar and searchlights"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1b | The_Blitz | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | What was considered unreliable? | {
"text": [
"Airborne Interception radar"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1c | The_Blitz | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | What used most of Fighter Command's resources? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1d | The_Blitz | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | The bombers used what out of desperation? | {
"text": [
"airborne search lights"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
57302f95b2c2fd1400568a1e | The_Blitz | Airborne Interception radar (AI) was unreliable. The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting. Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail. Of greater potential w... | Gunlaying radar and RAF controls combined to create what system? | {
"text": [
"Ground Control-led Interception"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
573030fda23a5019007fcf3d | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | Who replaced Dowding on November 25? | {
"text": [
"Sholto Douglas"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
573030fda23a5019007fcf3e | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | How many pilots remained in February 1941? | {
"text": [
"87 pilots"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
573030fda23a5019007fcf3f | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | What supported the GL carpet? | {
"text": [
"six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
573030fda23a5019007fcf40 | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | How many number of contacts and combats were there in May? | {
"text": [
"204 and 74"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
573030fda23a5019007fcf41 | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | What did a bomber crew need to do for a good chance at evasion? | {
"text": [
"spot the fighter first"
],
"answer_start": [
995
]
} |
5730359db2c2fd1400568a73 | The_Blitz | Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Office... | What was critical in the night battles over Britain? | {
"text": [
"radar"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5730359db2c2fd1400568a74 | The_Blitz | Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Office... | What concept eventually became successful? | {
"text": [
"airborne radar"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5730359db2c2fd1400568a75 | The_Blitz | Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Office... | On what day did airborne radar help intercept and destroy enemy aircraft for the first time? | {
"text": [
"the night of 22/23 July 1940"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
5730359db2c2fd1400568a76 | The_Blitz | Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Office... | Who was the RAF night fighter ace that used airborne radar to destroy a Ju 88 bomber? | {
"text": [
"John Cunningham"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
5730386ca23a5019007fcfb3 | The_Blitz | From November 1940 – February 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted its strategy and attacked other industrial cities. In particular, the West Midlands were targeted. On the night of 13/14 November, 77 He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 26 (26th Bomber Wing, or KG 26) bombed London while 63 from KG 55 hit Birmingham. The next night, a l... | The Luftwaffe's change in strategy targeted what primarily? | {
"text": [
"the West Midlands"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
5730386ca23a5019007fcfb4 | The_Blitz | From November 1940 – February 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted its strategy and attacked other industrial cities. In particular, the West Midlands were targeted. On the night of 13/14 November, 77 He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 26 (26th Bomber Wing, or KG 26) bombed London while 63 from KG 55 hit Birmingham. The next night, a l... | How many parachute mines were dropped? | {
"text": [
"127"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
5730386ca23a5019007fcfb5 | The_Blitz | From November 1940 – February 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted its strategy and attacked other industrial cities. In particular, the West Midlands were targeted. On the night of 13/14 November, 77 He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 26 (26th Bomber Wing, or KG 26) bombed London while 63 from KG 55 hit Birmingham. The next night, a l... | The Coventry raid led to what phrase being in widespread use? | {
"text": [
"\"to conventrate\""
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
5730386ca23a5019007fcfb6 | The_Blitz | From November 1940 – February 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted its strategy and attacked other industrial cities. In particular, the West Midlands were targeted. On the night of 13/14 November, 77 He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 26 (26th Bomber Wing, or KG 26) bombed London while 63 from KG 55 hit Birmingham. The next night, a l... | What stopped work in 9 factories in Coventry? | {
"text": [
"loss of public utilities"
],
"answer_start": [
937
]
} |
5730386ca23a5019007fcfb7 | The_Blitz | From November 1940 – February 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted its strategy and attacked other industrial cities. In particular, the West Midlands were targeted. On the night of 13/14 November, 77 He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 26 (26th Bomber Wing, or KG 26) bombed London while 63 from KG 55 hit Birmingham. The next night, a l... | What effect did the raid have strategically? | {
"text": [
"a brief 20 percent dip in aircraft production"
],
"answer_start": [
1414
]
} |
57303995947a6a140053d2d0 | The_Blitz | Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In No... | How many bombers hit Birmingham? | {
"text": [
"369"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
57303995947a6a140053d2d1 | The_Blitz | Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In No... | For how many months did the night raids continue for? | {
"text": [
"two months"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
57303995947a6a140053d2d2 | The_Blitz | Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In No... | How many tons of bombs had to be dropped to be considered a major attack? | {
"text": [
"more than 100 tons of bombs dropped"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
57303995947a6a140053d2d3 | The_Blitz | Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In No... | December saw how many attacks? | {
"text": [
"only 11 major and five heavy attacks"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
57303a86a23a5019007fcfbd | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | On what day was London itself attacked? | {
"text": [
"the evening of 29 December"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
57303a86a23a5019007fcfbe | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | What group was the first to use incendiaries? | {
"text": [
"Kampfgruppe 100"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
57303a86a23a5019007fcfbf | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | How many fire bombs were dropped per minute? | {
"text": [
"300"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
57303a86a23a5019007fcfc0 | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | How many civilians were killed in the bombing? | {
"text": [
"28,556 killed"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
57303a86a23a5019007fcfc1 | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | The Luftwaffe dropped how many short tons of bombs? | {
"text": [
"18,291 short tons"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
57303ba1947a6a140053d2ea | The_Blitz | Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was ... | Why were port cities targeted by the Luftwaffe? | {
"text": [
"to try to disrupt trade and sea communications"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
57303ba1947a6a140053d2eb | The_Blitz | Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was ... | How many times was Swansea bombed heavily? | {
"text": [
"four times"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
57303ba1947a6a140053d2ec | The_Blitz | Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was ... | What was primarily damaged in the attacks? | {
"text": [
"commercial and domestic areas"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
57303ba1947a6a140053d2ed | The_Blitz | Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was ... | What cities had large sections of them destroyed? | {
"text": [
"Portsmouth Southsea and Gosport"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
57303ba1947a6a140053d2ee | The_Blitz | Not all of the Luftwaffe's effort was made against inland cities. Port cities were also attacked to try to disrupt trade and sea communications. In January Swansea was bombed four times, very heavily. On 17 January around 100 bombers dropped a high concentration of incendiaries, some 32,000 in all. The main damage was ... | What was left mostly unharmed? | {
"text": [
"the docks"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
57303ce9a23a5019007fcfdb | The_Blitz | Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly. It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping). Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians ... | What was the primary goal of the German air doctrine? | {
"text": [
"target civilian morale"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
57303ce9a23a5019007fcfdc | The_Blitz | Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly. It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping). Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians ... | In November and December of 1940 what changed to make attacks on civilians a moot point? | {
"text": [
"large-scale raids"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
57303ce9a23a5019007fcfdd | The_Blitz | Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly. It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping). Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians ... | What had nearly been considered indiscriminate bombing? | {
"text": [
"use of mines and incendiaries, for tactical expediency"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
57303ce9a23a5019007fcfde | The_Blitz | Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly. It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping). Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians ... | Lighting targets hidden by haze had to be done without what? | {
"text": [
"regard for the civilian population"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} |
57303e00a23a5019007fcfeb | The_Blitz | Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute fl... | What was the group that used incendiaries and high explosives to mark targets? | {
"text": [
"Beleuchtergruppe"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
57303e00a23a5019007fcfec | The_Blitz | Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute fl... | The Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) tactic led to what creation for marking targets? | {
"text": [
"Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields)"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
57303e00a23a5019007fcfed | The_Blitz | Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute fl... | What was the nickname of bombs used in streets and residential areas? | {
"text": [
"\"Satan\""
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
57303e00a23a5019007fcfee | The_Blitz | Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute fl... | What was the weight of the "Max" bomb? | {
"text": [
"2,500 kg (5,512 lb)"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
57303f8d947a6a140053d320 | The_Blitz | These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was ... | Decision changes at organizational levels led to what type of attacks? | {
"text": [
"unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack)"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
57303f8d947a6a140053d321 | The_Blitz | These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was ... | What was one of the reasons for unrestricted area attacks? | {
"text": [
"inaccuracy of navigation"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
57303f8d947a6a140053d322 | The_Blitz | These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was ... | How was it known that precision bombing was changed to area attacks? | {
"text": [
"tactical methods and weapons dropped"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
57303f8d947a6a140053d323 | The_Blitz | These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was ... | What percentage of incendiaries were used in December? | {
"text": [
"92 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
57303f8d947a6a140053d324 | The_Blitz | These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was ... | How was it determined that homes of industrial workers were targeted? | {
"text": [
"Captured German air crews"
],
"answer_start": [
943
]
} |
573040dd947a6a140053d33a | The_Blitz | In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler ... | What did Erich Raeder believe the Luftwaffe needed to do? | {
"text": [
"support the German submarine force"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
573040dd947a6a140053d33b | The_Blitz | In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler ... | Raeder convinced Hitler to do what? | {
"text": [
"attack British port facilities."
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.