id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572fc931947a6a140053ccb9 | Roman_Republic | In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace ho... | Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east? | {
"text": [
"Polybius"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
572fc931947a6a140053ccba | Roman_Republic | In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace ho... | Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east? | {
"text": [
"alliance-seeking"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
572fc931947a6a140053ccbb | Roman_Republic | In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace ho... | Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome? | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
572fcad3947a6a140053ccca | Roman_Republic | Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o... | What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east? | {
"text": [
"crisis management"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
572fcad3947a6a140053cccb | Roman_Republic | Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o... | At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control? | {
"text": [
"the time of the Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
572fcad3947a6a140053cccc | Roman_Republic | Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o... | What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west? | {
"text": [
"intentional empire-building"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
572fcad3947a6a140053cccd | Roman_Republic | Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions o... | What type of city-states were involved with the Roman Republic? | {
"text": [
"independent"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d47 | Roman_Republic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | In what battle did Rome claim victory over several Latin cities in? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Lake Regillus"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d48 | Roman_Republic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place? | {
"text": [
"496 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d49 | Roman_Republic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii? | {
"text": [
"477 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
687
]
} |
572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d4a | Roman_Republic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Corbione"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
572fcc0f04bcaa1900d76d4b | Roman_Republic | The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. ... | Who initially had control over the Sabines? | {
"text": [
"Etruscan control"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
572fcda604bcaa1900d76d5d | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end? | {
"text": [
"387 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
572fcda604bcaa1900d76d5e | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River? | {
"text": [
"15,000 troops"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
572fcda604bcaa1900d76d5f | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls? | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
572fcda604bcaa1900d76d60 | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River? | {
"text": [
"Brennus"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
572fcda604bcaa1900d76d61 | Roman_Republic | By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome ... | Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies? | {
"text": [
"two Etruscan towns"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
572fcee4b2c2fd1400568495 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked? | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
572fcee4b2c2fd1400568496 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War? | {
"text": [
"two battles"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
572fcee4b2c2fd1400568497 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War? | {
"text": [
"revolt of several of their Latin allies"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
572fcee4b2c2fd1400568498 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | When did The First Samnite War end? | {
"text": [
"341 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
572fcee4b2c2fd1400568499 | Roman_Republic | After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revol... | Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius? | {
"text": [
"Latins"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
572fd193b2c2fd140056849f | Roman_Republic | Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, P... | Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army? | {
"text": [
"Pyrrhus"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572fd193b2c2fd14005684a0 | Roman_Republic | Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, P... | What did Rome refuse to do in their relations with Pyrrhus? | {
"text": [
"negotiate"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
572fd193b2c2fd14005684a1 | Roman_Republic | Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, P... | What military leader does the term Pyrrhic victory come from? | {
"text": [
"Pyrrhus"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
572fd193b2c2fd14005684a2 | Roman_Republic | Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, P... | What ultimately caused Pyrrhus to vacate completely from the country of Italy? | {
"text": [
"Seeing little hope for further gains"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
572fd193b2c2fd14005684a3 | Roman_Republic | Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, P... | In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place? | {
"text": [
"275 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b3 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome? | {
"text": [
"naval battles"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b4 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | What type of engine was invented by the Romans? | {
"text": [
"grappling engine"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b5 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans? | {
"text": [
"Xanthippus"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b6 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands? | {
"text": [
"The Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b7 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | Who lost access to the Mediterranean after numerous naval losses? | {
"text": [
"the Carthaginians"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
572fd44fb2c2fd14005684cf | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle? | {
"text": [
"Hasdrubal Barca"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
572fd44fb2c2fd14005684d0 | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at? | {
"text": [
"Metaurus River"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
572fd44fb2c2fd14005684d1 | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Zama"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
572fd44fb2c2fd14005684d2 | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa? | {
"text": [
"Scipio Africanus"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
572fd44fb2c2fd14005684d3 | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | Why did the Romans send an army to Africa? | {
"text": [
"to threaten the Carthaginian capital"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
572fd5f8947a6a140053cd28 | Roman_Republic | Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense ag... | What had prevented Carthage from defending their territory from pirates? | {
"text": [
"Treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
572fd5f8947a6a140053cd29 | Roman_Republic | Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense ag... | What type of colony was Carthage primarily comprised of? | {
"text": [
"punic colonies"
],
"answer_start": [
857
]
} |
572fd5f8947a6a140053cd2a | Roman_Republic | Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense ag... | What cities flourished after they were conquered by the Romans? | {
"text": [
"punic cities"
],
"answer_start": [
1033
]
} |
572fd5f8947a6a140053cd2b | Roman_Republic | Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense ag... | What was the main request of the Romans that Carthage turned down? | {
"text": [
"complete surrender"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
572fd5f8947a6a140053cd2c | Roman_Republic | Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense ag... | Who did the Numidians form an alliance with? | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de3 | Roman_Republic | Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome d... | What kingdom sent an ambassador to Italy in an attempt to form an alliance against Rome? | {
"text": [
"Macedonia"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de4 | Roman_Republic | Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome d... | Where did Philip V want to extend his control to? | {
"text": [
"westward"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de5 | Roman_Republic | Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome d... | What peninsula was the kingdom of Macedonia able to be found in? | {
"text": [
"Greek peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de6 | Roman_Republic | Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome d... | Who did Philip V seek an alliance with? | {
"text": [
"Hannibal"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de7 | Roman_Republic | Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome d... | At what point did Rome discover that an alliance between Philip V and Hannibal had been achieved? | {
"text": [
"Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
572fddc804bcaa1900d76df3 | Roman_Republic | The past century had seen the Greek world dominated by the three primary successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great's empire: Ptolemaic Egypt, Macedonia and the Seleucid Empire. In 202 BC, internal problems led to a weakening of Egypt's position, thereby disrupting the power balance among the successor states. Macedonia... | What was declared by the Romans now that the Philip had been defeated? | {
"text": [
"\"Peace of the Greeks\""
],
"answer_start": [
1381
]
} |
572fddc804bcaa1900d76df4 | Roman_Republic | The past century had seen the Greek world dominated by the three primary successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great's empire: Ptolemaic Egypt, Macedonia and the Seleucid Empire. In 202 BC, internal problems led to a weakening of Egypt's position, thereby disrupting the power balance among the successor states. Macedonia... | Where did the Romans remove their troops from after Philip's loss? | {
"text": [
"Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
1493
]
} |
572fddc804bcaa1900d76df6 | Roman_Republic | The past century had seen the Greek world dominated by the three primary successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great's empire: Ptolemaic Egypt, Macedonia and the Seleucid Empire. In 202 BC, internal problems led to a weakening of Egypt's position, thereby disrupting the power balance among the successor states. Macedonia... | In what year did Philip lose the Battle of Cynoscephalae? | {
"text": [
"197 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
1218
]
} |
572fddc804bcaa1900d76df7 | Roman_Republic | The past century had seen the Greek world dominated by the three primary successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great's empire: Ptolemaic Egypt, Macedonia and the Seleucid Empire. In 202 BC, internal problems led to a weakening of Egypt's position, thereby disrupting the power balance among the successor states. Macedonia... | What was Philip forced to return after his loss in the Battle of Cynoscephalae? | {
"text": [
"his recent Greek conquests"
],
"answer_start": [
1329
]
} |
572fe7abb2c2fd1400568595 | Roman_Republic | With Egypt and Macedonia weakened, the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now... | Who had now been appointed as a military advisor to the emperor of Seleucid? | {
"text": [
"Hannibal"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
572fe7abb2c2fd1400568597 | Roman_Republic | With Egypt and Macedonia weakened, the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now... | Which empire currently controlled the majority of the former Persian Empire? | {
"text": [
"Seleucids"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
572fe7abb2c2fd1400568598 | Roman_Republic | With Egypt and Macedonia weakened, the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now... | Who had managed to recreate nearly the entirety of the empire of Alexander the Great? | {
"text": [
"Seleucids"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
572fe7abb2c2fd1400568599 | Roman_Republic | With Egypt and Macedonia weakened, the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now... | Which former enemy wanted an alliance with the Romans? | {
"text": [
"Philip"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
572fe971947a6a140053cdd6 | Roman_Republic | Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian ... | Which town in Italy now housed a large Roman garrison? | {
"text": [
"Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
572fe971947a6a140053cdd7 | Roman_Republic | Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian ... | Why was a garrison implented in Italy by the Romans? | {
"text": [
"in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
572fe971947a6a140053cdd8 | Roman_Republic | Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian ... | Who had been defeated in the Battle of Thermopylae? | {
"text": [
"the Seleucids"
],
"answer_start": [
801
]
} |
572fe971947a6a140053cdda | Roman_Republic | Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian ... | What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Magnesia"
],
"answer_start": [
1035
]
} |
572feac7a23a5019007fcb35 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | In what year did Philip pass away? | {
"text": [
"179 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
572feac7a23a5019007fcb36 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | Who was next in line to the throne at the time of Philip's death? | {
"text": [
"Perseus"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
572feac7a23a5019007fcb37 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | In what year were did the Macedonians lose The Battle of Pydna? | {
"text": [
"168 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
572feac7a23a5019007fcb38 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | How did Rome respond to their successive losses against the Macedonians? | {
"text": [
"by sending a stronger army"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
572feac7a23a5019007fcb39 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War? | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
572fec5d947a6a140053cdfc | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | How many republics was the Kingdom of Macedonia splintered into? | {
"text": [
"four client republics"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
572fec5d947a6a140053cdfd | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | In what year did the Fourt Macedonian War end? | {
"text": [
"148 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
572fec5d947a6a140053cdfe | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War? | {
"text": [
"a Macedonian pretender to the throne"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
572fec5d947a6a140053cdff | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | What effect did the establishment of the kingdom of Macedonia have on Greece? | {
"text": [
"destabilizing"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
572fec5d947a6a140053ce00 | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | Who could claim victory at the Second Battle of Pydna? | {
"text": [
"The Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
572fee59b2c2fd14005685f5 | Roman_Republic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | What war is considered to be the last Roman pacification in Northern Africa? | {
"text": [
"The Jugurthine War"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572fee59b2c2fd14005685f6 | Roman_Republic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | What eventually caused Jugurtha to become a captive? | {
"text": [
"treachery"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
572fee59b2c2fd14005685f7 | Roman_Republic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | When did the Jugurthine War end? | {
"text": [
"104 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
572fee59b2c2fd14005685f8 | Roman_Republic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Who attempted to usurp the throne of Numidia? | {
"text": [
"Jugurtha"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
572fee59b2c2fd14005685f9 | Roman_Republic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | Who did Jugurtha have to bribe in order for them to accept him as the new leader of Numidia? | {
"text": [
"the Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
572fefcb947a6a140053ce2e | Roman_Republic | In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease. The Cimbrian War (113–101 BC) was a far more serious affair than the earlier clashes of 121 BC. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into ... | When did the Cimbrian War end? | {
"text": [
"101 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
572fefcb947a6a140053ce2f | Roman_Republic | In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease. The Cimbrian War (113–101 BC) was a far more serious affair than the earlier clashes of 121 BC. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into ... | In what year did Rome come into contact with a couple Celtic tribes? | {
"text": [
"121 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
572fefcb947a6a140053ce30 | Roman_Republic | In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease. The Cimbrian War (113–101 BC) was a far more serious affair than the earlier clashes of 121 BC. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into ... | What war began in the year 113 BC? | {
"text": [
"The Cimbrian War"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
572fefcb947a6a140053ce31 | Roman_Republic | In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease. The Cimbrian War (113–101 BC) was a far more serious affair than the earlier clashes of 121 BC. The Germanic tribes of the Cimbri and the Teutons migrated from northern Europe into ... | Where did the tribes that were almost annihilated in the Battle of Vercellae hail from? | {
"text": [
"northern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
572ff12ea23a5019007fcb77 | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | How were soldiers rewarded by Roman generals? | {
"text": [
"with plunder"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
572ff12ea23a5019007fcb78 | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | Who saw increased loyalty from the Roman soldiers? | {
"text": [
"their generals"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
572ff12ea23a5019007fcb79 | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | Who was greater in numbers than the Roman slave masters? | {
"text": [
"the slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
572ff12ea23a5019007fcb7a | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | Around how many rebellious uprisings and civil wars happened in the 1st century BC? | {
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
572ff12ea23a5019007fcb7b | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | Which individual later became princeps after having challenged the senate? | {
"text": [
"Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8b | Roman_Republic | Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its form... | How many slaves at most were under the command of Spartacus? | {
"text": [
"150,000"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8c | Roman_Republic | Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its form... | When was the beginning of the Social War? | {
"text": [
"91 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8d | Roman_Republic | Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its form... | How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War? | {
"text": [
"more than 500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
572ff287a23a5019007fcb8e | Roman_Republic | Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its form... | How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce84 | Roman_Republic | The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius sup... | What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals? | {
"text": [
"civil wars"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce85 | Roman_Republic | The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius sup... | In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash? | {
"text": [
"88 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce86 | Roman_Republic | The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius sup... | In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place? | {
"text": [
"very door of the city"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
572ff5d8947a6a140053ce87 | Roman_Republic | The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius sup... | Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate? | {
"text": [
"an army of the Marius supporters"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f47 | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC? | {
"text": [
"Mithridates the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f48 | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | With which individual did Lucius Cornelius have a rivalry? | {
"text": [
"Gaius Marius"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} |
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f49 | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | How did the ruler of Pontus anger Rome? | {
"text": [
"by seeking to expand his kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f4a | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | When was the last year of Mithridates the Great's reign? | {
"text": [
"63 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f4b | Roman_Republic | Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of... | How many Romans lived in Mithridate the Great's kingdom in 88 BC? | {
"text": [
"80,000"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f79 | Roman_Republic | During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Ga... | Who held a term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula? | {
"text": [
"Julius Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7a | Roman_Republic | During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Ga... | Why did Julius Caesar wish to invade Gaul? | {
"text": [
"would give him the dramatic military success he sought"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7b | Roman_Republic | During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Ga... | When did Julius Caesar's term as consul end? | {
"text": [
"59 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7c | Roman_Republic | During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Ga... | What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of? | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
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