id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbdf | Roman_Republic | By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial... | When was the invasion of the Parthian Empire begun? | {
"text": [
"53 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe0 | Roman_Republic | By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial... | Who started the invasion of the Parthian Empire? | {
"text": [
"Crassus"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe1 | Roman_Republic | By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial... | In what battle did Marcus Licinius Crassus die? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Carrhae"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe2 | Roman_Republic | By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial... | Who was believed to have had a secret allegiance with enemies of Julius Caesar? | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
572ffa3da23a5019007fcbe3 | Roman_Republic | By 59 BC an unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate was formed between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") to share power and influence. In 53 BC, Crassus launched a Roman invasion of the Parthian Empire (modern Iraq and Iran). After initial... | What did the senators request of Caesar in order for him to stand for consul? | {
"text": [
"turned over control of his armies to the state"
],
"answer_start": [
952
]
} |
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686bf | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon? | {
"text": [
"49 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c0 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | Who would be seen as having been defeated in the Battle of Pharsalus? | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c1 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place? | {
"text": [
"48 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c2 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | In what country did Pompey die in? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c3 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece? | {
"text": [
"Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686db | Roman_Republic | Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. M... | Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state? | {
"text": [
"Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686dc | Roman_Republic | Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. M... | Which group of people conspired against Caesar in order to have him assassinated? | {
"text": [
"senators"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686dd | Roman_Republic | Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. M... | When did Julius Caesar die? | {
"text": [
"March 44 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686de | Roman_Republic | Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. M... | Which former lieutenant of Caesar was considered a public threat after Caesar was assassinated? | {
"text": [
"Mark Antony"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
572ffc9bb2c2fd14005686df | Roman_Republic | Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. M... | Why did the Roman senators wish to have Caesar assassinated? | {
"text": [
"the Roman Republic was in danger"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc29 | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | What failure caused the the flares of civil war to spark up again? | {
"text": [
"Second Triumvirate of Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2a | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium? | {
"text": [
"Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2b | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | In what year was Octavian first allowed to use the names Augustus and Princeps? | {
"text": [
"27 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2c | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome? | {
"text": [
"Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2d | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | Which individual was granted permanent consular powers? | {
"text": [
"Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
573002eda23a5019007fcc33 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | Who was considered to be the last king of the Roman Kingdom? | {
"text": [
"Lucius Tarquinius Superbus"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
573002eda23a5019007fcc34 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | When did the last king of the Roman Kingdom lose his seat of power? | {
"text": [
"509 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
573002eda23a5019007fcc35 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | Who would elect a king in the Roman Kingdom prior to the revolution? | {
"text": [
"senators"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
573002eda23a5019007fcc36 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | What was the length of a term that a king would be elected for in the Roman Kingdom? | {
"text": [
"life term"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
573002eda23a5019007fcc37 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically? | {
"text": [
"old king"
],
"answer_start": [
896
]
} |
5730048804bcaa1900d77019 | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes? | {
"text": [
"494 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5730048804bcaa1900d7701a | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | Which group of people requested the ability to elect officials? | {
"text": [
"The plebeians"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5730048804bcaa1900d7701b | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | Who used the vetoes that they had been given to prevent the appointment of magistrates? | {
"text": [
"the tribunes"
],
"answer_start": [
708
]
} |
5730048804bcaa1900d7701c | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | What were the assistants to the plebeian tribunes named? | {
"text": [
"plebeian aediles"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
5730048804bcaa1900d7701d | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | During what century were reformed passed that allowed laws passed by the plebeians to have the full force of the law? | {
"text": [
"5th century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
573005e3a23a5019007fcc5f | Roman_Republic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | What year were limits placed upon plebeians that prevented them from holding more than one office concurrently? | {
"text": [
"342 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
573005e3a23a5019007fcc60 | Roman_Republic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | What could no longer be associated with debt after laws were passed preventing it? | {
"text": [
"interest"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
573005e3a23a5019007fcc61 | Roman_Republic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | What year saw the election of a plebeian to the office of praetor? | {
"text": [
"337 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
573005e3a23a5019007fcc62 | Roman_Republic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | How did senators attempt to gain the favor of the tribunes? | {
"text": [
"gave the tribunes a great deal of power"
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
573005e3a23a5019007fcc63 | Roman_Republic | After the consulship had been opened to the plebeians, the plebeians were able to hold both the dictatorship and the censorship. Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-electio... | What was considered a pathway to holding a higher office? | {
"text": [
"the tribunate"
],
"answer_start": [
914
]
} |
5730077fb2c2fd1400568757 | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | In what year was the Plebiscitum Ovinium initiative enacted? | {
"text": [
"before 312 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
5730077fb2c2fd1400568758 | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | Who had already held a large amount of magisterial offices? | {
"text": [
"plebeians"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
5730077fb2c2fd1400568759 | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | Who was allowed to be elected to high office positions? | {
"text": [
"only patricians"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} |
5730077fb2c2fd140056875a | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | What initiative provided censors with the abillity to appoint new senators? | {
"text": [
"Plebiscitum Ovinium"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
5730077fb2c2fd140056875b | Roman_Republic | Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium. During the early republic, only consuls could appoint new senators. This initiative, however, transferred this power to the censors. It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. By this point, plebeians w... | Who could a newly elected magistrate expect to be appointed by? | {
"text": [
"the censor"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
5730094a04bcaa1900d77047 | Roman_Republic | By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To... | What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC? | {
"text": [
"poor"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5730094a04bcaa1900d77048 | Roman_Republic | By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To... | Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation? | {
"text": [
"senators"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
5730094a04bcaa1900d77049 | Roman_Republic | By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To... | What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators? | {
"text": [
"the Lex Hortensia"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
5730094a04bcaa1900d7704a | Roman_Republic | By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To... | What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to? | {
"text": [
"the final plebeian secession"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
57300ba704bcaa1900d77075 | Roman_Republic | The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in t... | Which group of people were now considered to be politically equal with the plebeians? | {
"text": [
"patricians"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
57300ba704bcaa1900d77076 | Roman_Republic | The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in t... | Which group of people rebelled by vacating Rome? | {
"text": [
"The plebeians"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
57300ba704bcaa1900d77077 | Roman_Republic | The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in t... | How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families? | {
"text": [
"A small number"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
57300ba704bcaa1900d77078 | Roman_Republic | The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in t... | What did the rebelling plebeians want before they returned to Rome? | {
"text": [
"more rights"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a4 | Roman_Republic | The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were sa... | What years did no important political changes happen during? | {
"text": [
"287 BC and 133 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a5 | Roman_Republic | The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were sa... | What group of people often failed to use the power that was given to them? | {
"text": [
"the plebeians"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a6 | Roman_Republic | The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were sa... | Who enacted crucial laws during this period of time? | {
"text": [
"the senate"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
57300d2e04bcaa1900d770a7 | Roman_Republic | The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were sa... | What was a political element that satiated the plebeians? | {
"text": [
"the possession of power"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c1 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | What had caused citizens to vacate their farms? | {
"text": [
"long military campaigns"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c2 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | How could a candidate assure the vote of a poverty stricken plebeian? | {
"text": [
"offered them the most"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c3 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | What type of culture was a side effect of the rampant poverty of the average plebeian? | {
"text": [
"culture of dependency"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c4 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | What caused the bankruptcy of many farmers during this era? | {
"text": [
"commodity prices fell"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c5 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | Who had bought the now bankrupt farms? | {
"text": [
"landed aristocracy"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
57300fb0a23a5019007fccd9 | Roman_Republic | Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law... | To what position was Tiberius Gracchus elected? | {
"text": [
"tribune"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
57300fb0a23a5019007fccda | Roman_Republic | Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law... | Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess? | {
"text": [
"Tiberius Gracchus"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57300fb0a23a5019007fccdb | Roman_Republic | Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law... | When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered? | {
"text": [
"when he stood for reelection to the tribunate"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} |
57300fb0a23a5019007fccdc | Roman_Republic | Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune in 133 BC. He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own. The aristocrats, who stood to lose an enormous amount of money, were bitterly opposed to this proposal. Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law... | Which tribune was impeached by the Plebeian Council? | {
"text": [
"Marcus Octavius"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
5730113a947a6a140053d02c | Roman_Republic | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | In what year was Gaius elected to office? | {
"text": [
"123 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
5730113a947a6a140053d02d | Roman_Republic | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | What is considered to be the end game of Gaius Gracchus? | {
"text": [
"weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5730113a947a6a140053d02e | Roman_Republic | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | Who brought forward a law that would given citizenship right to Italian allies of Rome? | {
"text": [
"Gaius"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
5730113a947a6a140053d02f | Roman_Republic | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | Which elected official lost the election in 121 BC? | {
"text": [
"Gaius"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
5730113a947a6a140053d030 | Roman_Republic | Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ult... | What was the location of the Gaius Gracchus murder? | {
"text": [
"Capitoline Hill in Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
884
]
} |
5730124ca23a5019007fccff | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | Who was the illegitimate offspring of the King Micipsa of Numidia? | {
"text": [
"Jugurtha"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
5730124ca23a5019007fcd00 | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | Who was Jugurtha's rival? | {
"text": [
"Gaius Marius"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
5730124ca23a5019007fcd01 | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul? | {
"text": [
"107 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
5730124ca23a5019007fcd02 | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius? | {
"text": [
"aristocratic senators"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
5730124ca23a5019007fcd03 | Roman_Republic | In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numi... | Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with? | {
"text": [
"Marius"
],
"answer_start": [
1106
]
} |
57301640b2c2fd1400568831 | Roman_Republic | Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the war against Mithridate... | In what year was a Roman army dispatched to terminate the King of Pontus? | {
"text": [
"88 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
57301640b2c2fd1400568832 | Roman_Republic | Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the war against Mithridate... | Who was ordered by the senate to become commander in the conflict with King Mithridates? | {
"text": [
"Lucius Cornelius Sulla"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
57301640b2c2fd1400568833 | Roman_Republic | Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the war against Mithridate... | Who had successfully passed a law whose sole purpose was to lessen the power of the tribunate? | {
"text": [
"Sulla"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
57301640b2c2fd1400568834 | Roman_Republic | Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The army, however, was defeated. One of Marius' old quaestors, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, had been elected consul for the year, and was ordered by the senate to assume command of the war against Mithridate... | What political party did Lucius Cornelius Sulla belong to? | {
"text": [
"populares"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
57301781b2c2fd140056884f | Roman_Republic | During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by subs... | How many years was normal to span between offices prior to the populares controlling the city? | {
"text": [
"ten-year interval"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
57301781b2c2fd1400568850 | Roman_Republic | During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by subs... | In what year did Sulla succesfully take over the populares controlled city? | {
"text": [
"83 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
57301781b2c2fd1400568851 | Roman_Republic | During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by subs... | Who were slaughtered upon the arrival of Sulla in Rome? | {
"text": [
"most of Marius' supporters"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
57301781b2c2fd1400568852 | Roman_Republic | During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by subs... | In what year did Sulla die? | {
"text": [
"78 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
888
]
} |
57301781b2c2fd1400568853 | Roman_Republic | During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by subs... | Which leader had achieved peace with Mithridates? | {
"text": [
"Sulla"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
573018e604bcaa1900d7717d | Roman_Republic | In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Sp... | Where in the year 77 BC was an uprising? | {
"text": [
"Spain"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
573018e604bcaa1900d7717e | Roman_Republic | In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Sp... | Which former lieutenant of Sulla had dismantled most of the constitution that Sulla had crafted? | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
573018e604bcaa1900d7717f | Roman_Republic | In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Sp... | In what year was the election held that let Pompey and Crassus obtain the seat of consul? | {
"text": [
"70 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
573018e604bcaa1900d77180 | Roman_Republic | In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Sp... | Who was the instigator in the slave revolt in Italy? | {
"text": [
"Spartacus"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
573018e604bcaa1900d77181 | Roman_Republic | In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain. By 71 BC, Pompey returned to Rome after having completed his mission. Around the same time, another of Sulla's former lieutenants, Marcus Licinius Crassus, had just put down the Sp... | When did Pompey return to Rome after having quelled the uprising in Spain? | {
"text": [
"71 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
57301ab104bcaa1900d771a9 | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin? | {
"text": [
"Around 66 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57301ab104bcaa1900d771aa | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | How many former consuls in Rome were executed as a result of a conspiracy? | {
"text": [
"one former consul"
],
"answer_start": [
846
]
} |
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ab | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | What town was a common site of agitation within the area? | {
"text": [
"Faesulae"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ac | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | Who can lay claim to the destruction of Lucius Sergius Catilina's forces? | {
"text": [
"Cicero"
],
"answer_start": [
982
]
} |
57301ab104bcaa1900d771ad | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | Which individual had planned an uprising that ideally would see the death of most of the Roman senators? | {
"text": [
"Lucius Sergius Catilina"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568885 | Roman_Republic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul? | {
"text": [
"59 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568886 | Roman_Republic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | What was the name of the private agreement between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus? | {
"text": [
"First Triumvirate"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568887 | Roman_Republic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement? | {
"text": [
"a future consulship"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568888 | Roman_Republic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | When did Julius Caesar return to Rome? | {
"text": [
"61 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
57301bf5b2c2fd1400568889 | Roman_Republic | In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey... | What provided the Roman senate with exuberance? | {
"text": [
"successes against Catiline"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
57301d28b2c2fd14005688a9 | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed? | {
"text": [
"Bibulus"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
57301d28b2c2fd14005688aa | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius? | {
"text": [
"sacrilege case"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ab | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | Who enacted a law that would increase the partial grain subsidy? | {
"text": [
"Clodius"
],
"answer_start": [
981
]
} |
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ac | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | Which individual lost his home to a fire? | {
"text": [
"Cicero"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
57301d28b2c2fd14005688ad | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | Who was elected to the tribunate in 58 BC? | {
"text": [
"Publius Clodius Pulcher"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
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