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57335f23d058e614000b5960
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In higher organisms (like people), these two modes of perception combine into what Whitehead terms "symbolic reference", which links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it. By way of illustration, Whitehead uses the example of a person...
Which concept does Whitehead state is more dominant in a lower mentality?
{ "text": [ "causal relationships" ], "answer_start": [ 1126 ] }
5730a3b12461fd1900a9cf1f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
Whitehead observes that life is deficient in what?
{ "text": [ "survival value" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
5730a3b12461fd1900a9cf20
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
What are higher life forms actively engaged in?
{ "text": [ "modifying their environment" ], "answer_start": [ 491 ] }
5730a3b12461fd1900a9cf21
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
How many goals of living is there?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 574 ] }
5730a3b12461fd1900a9cf22
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?
{ "text": [ "increasing its own satisfaction" ], "answer_start": [ 703 ] }
5730a3b12461fd1900a9cf23
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?
{ "text": [ "unintelligible" ], "answer_start": [ 793 ] }
573360a4d058e614000b5987
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
What observation did Whitehead make about life?
{ "text": [ "\"life is comparatively deficient in survival value.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
573360a4d058e614000b5989
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
What did Whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life?
{ "text": [ "they are actively engaged in modifying their environment" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
573360a4d058e614000b598a
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?
{ "text": [ "living, living well, and living better" ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
573360a4d058e614000b598b
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did...
What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?
{ "text": [ "increasing its own satisfaction" ], "answer_start": [ 703 ] }
573361a8d058e614000b59a0
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's idea of God differs from traditional monotheistic notions. Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divin...
What was Whitehead's description of God?
{ "text": [ "\"the brief Galilean vision of humility\"" ], "answer_start": [ 520 ] }
573363194776f41900660987
Alfred_North_Whitehead
It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ...
What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to religion?
{ "text": [ "God is not necessarily tied to religion" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
573363194776f41900660989
Alfred_North_Whitehead
It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ...
In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed?
{ "text": [ "primordial nature of God" ], "answer_start": [ 429 ] }
573363194776f4190066098a
Alfred_North_Whitehead
It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ...
What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God?
{ "text": [ "the consequent nature" ], "answer_start": [ 604 ] }
573363194776f4190066098b
Alfred_North_Whitehead
It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ...
What type of God did Whitehead believe existed?
{ "text": [ "dipolar" ], "answer_start": [ 663 ] }
573364444776f4190066099f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
God's consequent nature, on the other hand, is anything but unchanging – it is God's reception of the world's activity. As Whitehead puts it, "[God] saves the world as it passes into the immediacy of his own life. It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved." In other words, God saves and c...
How does Whitehead define he consequent nature of God?
{ "text": [ "God's reception of the world's activity" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
573364444776f419006609a1
Alfred_North_Whitehead
God's consequent nature, on the other hand, is anything but unchanging – it is God's reception of the world's activity. As Whitehead puts it, "[God] saves the world as it passes into the immediacy of his own life. It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved." In other words, God saves and c...
What does Whitehead say that God does with all experiences?
{ "text": [ "God saves and cherishes all experiences forever" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
573366074776f419006609e6
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees G...
In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?
{ "text": [ "deficient in actuality and change" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
573366074776f419006609e7
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees G...
What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?
{ "text": [ "merely eternally unrealized possibilities" ], "answer_start": [ 392 ] }
573367034776f41900660a0b
Alfred_North_Whitehead
For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individ...
What did Whitehead believe was the basis of religion?
{ "text": [ "individual" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
573367034776f41900660a0d
Alfred_North_Whitehead
For Whitehead the core of religion was individual. While he acknowledged that individuals cannot ever be fully separated from their society, he argued that life is an internal fact for its own sake before it is an external fact relating to others. His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individ...
How did Whitehead define religion?
{ "text": [ "a system of general truths that transformed a person's character" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
573368ba4776f41900660a49
Alfred_North_Whitehead
However, while Whitehead saw religion as beginning in solitariness, he also saw religion as necessarily expanding beyond the individual. In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of "the value of the objective world which is a community d...
In what state did Whitehead believe religion began?
{ "text": [ "solitariness" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
573368ba4776f41900660a4d
Alfred_North_Whitehead
However, while Whitehead saw religion as beginning in solitariness, he also saw religion as necessarily expanding beyond the individual. In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of "the value of the objective world which is a community d...
What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion?
{ "text": [ "the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent" ], "answer_start": [ 909 ] }
57337336d058e614000b5b27
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent deca...
In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?
{ "text": [ "Europe and China" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
57337336d058e614000b5b28
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent deca...
What other fields have shown more recent interest in Whitehead's work?
{ "text": [ "ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
57337336d058e614000b5b29
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent deca...
Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?
{ "text": [ "William Temple" ], "answer_start": [ 666 ] }
57337336d058e614000b5b2a
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent deca...
What was the basis for "Nature, Man and God"?
{ "text": [ "Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934" ], "answer_start": [ 685 ] }
57337479d058e614000b5b3f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whiteh...
Where were the first followers mainly found?
{ "text": [ "at the University of Chicago's Divinity School" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
57337479d058e614000b5b40
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whiteh...
Who began the interest in Whitehead at Chicago's Divinity School?
{ "text": [ "Henry Nelson Wieman" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
57337479d058e614000b5b42
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whiteh...
Who id the most well-known Whitehead scholar?
{ "text": [ "John B. Cobb" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
5733766ed058e614000b5b60
Alfred_North_Whitehead
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia...
Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the fastest today?
{ "text": [ "China" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
5733766ed058e614000b5b61
Alfred_North_Whitehead
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia...
What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
{ "text": [ "modernization and industrialization" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
5733766ed058e614000b5b62
Alfred_North_Whitehead
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia...
What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy?
{ "text": [ "traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
5733766ed058e614000b5b63
Alfred_North_Whitehead
But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia...
What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?
{ "text": [ "John Cobb and David Ray Griffin" ], "answer_start": [ 605 ] }
57337cc94776f41900660ba8
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and ...
Where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from?
{ "text": [ "through the work of his students and admirers rather" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
57337cc94776f41900660bab
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and ...
What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"?
{ "text": [ "Bruno Latour" ], "answer_start": [ 1120 ] }
57337e8f4776f41900660bc9
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming...
what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?
{ "text": [ "his assertion that matter is an abstraction" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }
57337e8f4776f41900660bca
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming...
What is a common opinion of metaphysics?
{ "text": [ "perception of metaphysics itself as passé" ], "answer_start": [ 467 ] }
57337e8f4776f41900660bcb
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming...
Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have restricted his influence?
{ "text": [ "the sheer difficulty and density of his prose" ], "answer_start": [ 520 ] }
5733801f4776f41900660c03
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with develop...
In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?
{ "text": [ "American progressive theology" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
5733801f4776f41900660c04
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with develop...
Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
{ "text": [ "Charles Hartshorne" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
5733801f4776f41900660c05
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with develop...
What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
{ "text": [ "developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
573384984776f41900660c71
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was ...
What aspect of God is usually emphasized in process theology?
{ "text": [ "God's relational nature" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
573384984776f41900660c75
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was ...
What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?
{ "text": [ "\"process naturalism\", i.e. a process theology without God." ], "answer_start": [ 672 ] }
573386274776f41900660c92
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In fact, process theology is difficult to define because process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests. John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics. Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, pos...
What subjects has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books on other than process theology?
{ "text": [ "biology and economics" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
573386274776f41900660c93
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In fact, process theology is difficult to define because process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests. John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics. Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, pos...
What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller combine with Whitehead's ideas?
{ "text": [ "poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
573386274776f41900660c94
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In fact, process theology is difficult to define because process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests. John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics. Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, pos...
What was Charles Birch's profession besides theologian?
{ "text": [ "geneticist" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
573386274776f41900660c95
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In fact, process theology is difficult to define because process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests. John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics. Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, pos...
Who authored "Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age"?
{ "text": [ "Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist" ], "answer_start": [ 533 ] }
57338802d058e614000b5cbb
Alfred_North_Whitehead
One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th...
What philosophy is closely related to process philosophy?
{ "text": [ "American pragmatism" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }
57338802d058e614000b5cbc
Alfred_North_Whitehead
One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th...
What pragmatists did Whitehead acknowledge in the preface to "Process and Reality"?
{ "text": [ "William James and John Dewey" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
57338802d058e614000b5cbd
Alfred_North_Whitehead
One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th...
What founder of pragmatism's collected papers did Charles Hartshorne ans Paul Weiss edit?
{ "text": [ "Charles Sanders Peirce" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
57338802d058e614000b5cbe
Alfred_North_Whitehead
One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th...
What important neopragmatist was Harthorne's student?
{ "text": [ "Richard Rorty" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
57338802d058e614000b5cbf
Alfred_North_Whitehead
One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th...
Who is a philosopher that promotes process philosophy and pragmatism currently?
{ "text": [ "Nicholas Rescher" ], "answer_start": [ 479 ] }
573392424776f41900660d83
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,...
How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?
{ "text": [ "It has been severely criticized" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
573392424776f41900660d86
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,...
How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered?
{ "text": [ "Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation" ], "answer_start": [ 624 ] }
573392424776f41900660d87
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,...
What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?
{ "text": [ "Henry Stapp and David Bohm" ], "answer_start": [ 1078 ] }
5733938f4776f41900660db9
Alfred_North_Whitehead
This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Su...
What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
{ "text": [ "Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
5733938f4776f41900660dbb
Alfred_North_Whitehead
This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Su...
What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?
{ "text": [ "Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
5733948e4776f41900660dd2
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu...
Who established the FEELS model in China?
{ "text": [ "Xie Bangxiu" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
5733948e4776f41900660dd3
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu...
What does "FEELS" stand for?
{ "text": [ "Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }
5733971d4776f41900660e08
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o...
What business fields has Whitehead influenced?
{ "text": [ "philosophy of business administration and organizational theory" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
5733971d4776f41900660e09
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o...
What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
{ "text": [ "Mark Dibben" ], "answer_start": [ 507 ] }
5733971d4776f41900660e0a
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o...
What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?
{ "text": [ "\"applied process thought\"" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
5733971d4776f41900660e0c
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o...
In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers?
{ "text": [ "philosophy of management and business ethics" ], "answer_start": [ 1155 ] }
57339840d058e614000b5e4c
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational pro...
What is Mary Parker Follett known for?
{ "text": [ "pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
57339840d058e614000b5e4e
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton have also written recently on the mutual influence of Whitehead and Mary Parker Follett, a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational pro...
What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?
{ "text": [ "Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration" ], "answer_start": [ 492 ] }
573016fb947a6a140053d0b4
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
{ "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
573016fb947a6a140053d0b5
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?
{ "text": [ "overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }
573016fb947a6a140053d0b6
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
{ "text": [ "20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
573016fb947a6a140053d0b7
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
{ "text": [ "World Health Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
573016fb947a6a140053d0b8
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?
{ "text": [ "anyone, of any age, in any country" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }
5730ba2f396df919000962ec
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?
{ "text": [ "20th" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
5730ba2f396df919000962ed
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?
{ "text": [ "vaccination" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
5730ba2f396df919000962ee
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What does there medicines do for livestock?
{ "text": [ "develop resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
5730ba2f396df919000962ef
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
{ "text": [ "World Health Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
5730ba2f396df919000962f0
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause?
{ "text": [ "antibiotic resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422341
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?
{ "text": [ "20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422342
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?
{ "text": [ "develop resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422343
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
{ "text": [ "World Health Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
5731bbe8e17f3d1400422344
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What regions in the world does this apply in?
{ "text": [ "every region of the world" ], "answer_start": [ 573 ] }
5732843bb3a91d1900202df7
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
When were antibiotics created?
{ "text": [ "20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
5732843bb3a91d1900202df8
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?
{ "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
5732843bb3a91d1900202df9
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?
{ "text": [ "livestock raising" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
5732843bb3a91d1900202dfa
Antibiotics
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ...
What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
{ "text": [ "antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
573018d5947a6a140053d0e4
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?
{ "text": [ "empirical therapy" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
573018d5947a6a140053d0e5
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?
{ "text": [ "laboratory" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
573018d5947a6a140053d0e6
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy?
{ "text": [ "broad spectrum antibiotic" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
573018d5947a6a140053d0e7
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy?
{ "text": [ "While the microorgainsim is being identified" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
573018d5947a6a140053d0e8
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
How long does the identification process take?
{ "text": [ "several days" ], "answer_start": [ 503 ] }
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d82
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet?
{ "text": [ "broad spectrum antibiotic" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
573288ce57eb1f1400fd2d84
Antibiotics
In empirical therapy, a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified. While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spect...
When is empirical started?
{ "text": [ "before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
57301a6b04bcaa1900d7719f
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?
{ "text": [ "fever and nausea" ], "answer_start": [ 686 ] }
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a0
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What causes diarrhea?
{ "text": [ "disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora" ], "answer_start": [ 828 ] }
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a1
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?
{ "text": [ "yeast" ], "answer_start": [ 1064 ] }
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a2
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?
{ "text": [ "a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid" ], "answer_start": [ 1258 ] }
57301a6b04bcaa1900d771a3
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?
{ "text": [ "alter the host microbiota" ], "answer_start": [ 1390 ] }
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4e
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?
{ "text": [ "negative effects" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc4f
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What do antibiotics need approval for?
{ "text": [ "clinical use" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc50
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?
{ "text": [ "microbial organisms" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
5730ee6405b4da19006bcc51
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the a...
Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?
{ "text": [ "Adverse effects" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }