id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56de1024cffd8e1900b4b5a7 | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | Name a parasitic ectosymbiont. | {
"text": [
"lice"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56de1024cffd8e1900b4b5a8 | Symbiosis | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | What is another name for ectosymbiosis? | {
"text": [
"exosymbiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56de1133cffd8e1900b4b5ac | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | What is another term for mutualism? | {
"text": [
"interspecies reciprocal altruism"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
56de1133cffd8e1900b4b5ad | Symbiosis | Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both... | Of what duration are symbiotic relationships? | {
"text": [
"lifelong"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
56de22074396321400ee25d1 | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines? | {
"text": [
"mutualistic"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
56de22074396321400ee25d2 | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What do coral and algae produce together? | {
"text": [
"Coral reefs"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56de22074396321400ee25d3 | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems? | {
"text": [
"fix carbon from the air"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
56de22074396321400ee25d4 | Symbiosis | A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organis... | What type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth? | {
"text": [
"mycorrhyzal"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
56de22b84396321400ee25d9 | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What lives with Ritteri sea anemones? | {
"text": [
"ocellaris clownfish"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
56de22b84396321400ee25da | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What prevents the clownfish from being stung? | {
"text": [
"A special mucus"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
56de22b84396321400ee25db | Symbiosis | An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on th... | What type of relationship do the clownfish and anemone have? | {
"text": [
"mutual symbiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56de23fe4396321400ee25e5 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What species does this shrimp have a relationship with? | {
"text": [
"the goby fish"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
56de23fe4396321400ee25e8 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What part of the fish is used to signal danger? | {
"text": [
"its tail"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
56de24804396321400ee25f9 | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | What type of symbiosis seen between bryozoans and hermit crabs? | {
"text": [
"non-obligate"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
56de25ab4396321400ee2609 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | When were the worms found? | {
"text": [
"the late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
56de25ab4396321400ee260a | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | What does the bacteria give the worm? | {
"text": [
"nutrition"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
56de25ab4396321400ee260b | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | What land is near the worms' first known location? | {
"text": [
"the Galapagos Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
56de27b94396321400ee2611 | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | What is given to the host cell? | {
"text": [
"nutrients"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56de27b94396321400ee2612 | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | What does the host make that affect its genes? | {
"text": [
"specialized cells"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
56de27b94396321400ee2613 | Symbiosis | During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing popu... | In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations? | {
"text": [
"vertical transmission"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fc | Symbiosis | Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcr... | What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host? | {
"text": [
"drastic reduction in its genome size"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fd | Symbiosis | Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcr... | What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype? | {
"text": [
"Muller's ratchet phenomenon"
],
"answer_start": [
1182
]
} |
56de2af0cffd8e1900b4b5fe | Symbiosis | Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcr... | What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations? | {
"text": [
"lack of selection mechanisms"
],
"answer_start": [
1420
]
} |
56de2bedcffd8e1900b4b60c | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What language do the roots of "commensal" come from? | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
56de2bedcffd8e1900b4b60d | Symbiosis | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other? | {
"text": [
"Commensalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b61e | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other? | {
"text": [
"inquilinism"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b61f | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants? | {
"text": [
"metabiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
56de2cf1cffd8e1900b4b620 | Symbiosis | Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders ... | In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another? | {
"text": [
"phoresy"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b630 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what? | {
"text": [
"A parasitic relationship"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b631 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host? | {
"text": [
"necrotrophic"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b632 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What is it called when parasites need their host to live? | {
"text": [
"biotrophic"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b633 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage? | {
"text": [
"as many as half"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
56de2e63cffd8e1900b4b634 | Symbiosis | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasi... | Name a biotrophic organism. | {
"text": [
"a tick"
],
"answer_start": [
801
]
} |
56de418fcffd8e1900b4b71e | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other? | {
"text": [
"Amensalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56de418fcffd8e1900b4b71f | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | What kinds of amensalism are there? | {
"text": [
"competition and antibiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56de418fcffd8e1900b4b720 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it? | {
"text": [
"competition"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56de418fcffd8e1900b4b721 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | What does the black walnut give out that kills plants? | {
"text": [
"juglone"
],
"answer_start": [
1155
]
} |
56de42a94396321400ee2730 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with? | {
"text": [
"weevils"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
56de42a94396321400ee2731 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What does the Spanish ibex eat? | {
"text": [
"shrub"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
56de42a94396321400ee2732 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from bei... | What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants? | {
"text": [
"Amensalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74b | Symbiosis | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | What type of relationship harms both organisms? | {
"text": [
"Synnecrosis"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74c | Symbiosis | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis? | {
"text": [
"death"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74d | Symbiosis | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | How common is synnecrosis in the natural world? | {
"text": [
"uncommon"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
56de43f9cffd8e1900b4b74e | Symbiosis | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | Why do bees sting even though it will kill them? | {
"text": [
"to protect the hive"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
56de4520cffd8e1900b4b759 | Symbiosis | While historically, symbiosis has received less attention than other interactions such as predation or competition, it is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution, with many species having a long history of interdependent co-evolution. In fact, the evolution of all eukaryotes (plants, an... | What far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria? | {
"text": [
"the evolution of all eukaryotes"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
56de4520cffd8e1900b4b75a | Symbiosis | While historically, symbiosis has received less attention than other interactions such as predation or competition, it is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution, with many species having a long history of interdependent co-evolution. In fact, the evolution of all eukaryotes (plants, an... | What are eukaryotes? | {
"text": [
"plants, animals, fungi, and protists"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
56de4796cffd8e1900b4b777 | Symbiosis | The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contends that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considers Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claims that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among ... | What does Margulis think is the main driver of evolution? | {
"text": [
"symbiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
56de4796cffd8e1900b4b779 | Symbiosis | The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contends that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considers Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claims that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among ... | Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution? | {
"text": [
"Dorion Sagan"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
56de49434396321400ee2774 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants ... | How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators? | {
"text": [
"a major role"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
56de49434396321400ee2775 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants ... | What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple? | {
"text": [
"nectar and large sticky pollen"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
56de49434396321400ee2776 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants ... | What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect? | {
"text": [
"dependent"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
56dde02666d3e219004dad6b | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? | {
"text": [
"Forces armées canadiennes"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
56dde02666d3e219004dad6c | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | What law constitutes the CAF? | {
"text": [
"the National Defence Act"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
56dde02666d3e219004dad6d | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | Who are the CAF supposed to protect? | {
"text": [
"Her Majesty"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
56dde02666d3e219004dad6e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of ... | What does CF stand for in this context? | {
"text": [
"Forces canadiennes"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
56dde0ea66d3e219004dad7e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organ... | How many sub components are there? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
56dde0ea66d3e219004dad7f | Canadian_Armed_Forces | This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organ... | What act defines the CAF? | {
"text": [
"the National Defence Act"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
56dde17c9a695914005b9640 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. | Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth II"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56dde17c9a695914005b9641 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. | Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? | {
"text": [
"the Governor General of Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
56dde17c9a695914005b9642 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. | Who leads the CAF? | {
"text": [
"the Chief of the Defence Staff"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
56dde17c9a695914005b9643 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. | Who advises the Chief of the Defence? | {
"text": [
"the Armed Forces Council."
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
56dde22166d3e219004dad91 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | What war were the CAF involved in? | {
"text": [
"Cold War"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
56dde22166d3e219004dad92 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war? | {
"text": [
"the security of Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56dde22166d3e219004dad93 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe? | {
"text": [
"the Soviet military threat"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
56dde22166d3e219004dad94 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe? | {
"text": [
"the early 1950s"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
56dde22166d3e219004dad95 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | What year did the CAF leave Europe? | {
"text": [
"the early 1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
56dde2f49a695914005b9656 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | What Treaty is the CAF part of? | {
"text": [
"the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56dde2f49a695914005b9657 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | What type of operation is the Canadian Military involved in? | {
"text": [
"international security operations"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
56dde2f49a695914005b9658 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | What country has the Canadian Military worked in the last years? | {
"text": [
"Afghanistan"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
56dde2f49a695914005b9659 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start? | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
56dde2f49a695914005b965a | Canadian_Armed_Forces | However, since the end of the Cold War, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has moved much of its defence focus "out of area", the Canadian military has also become more deeply engaged in international security operations in various other parts of the world – most notably in Afghanistan since 2002. | Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military set? | {
"text": [
"out of area"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
56dde39c66d3e219004dad9f | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca... | What is Canada's defense policy based on? | {
"text": [
"Canada First Defence Strategy"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
56dde39c66d3e219004dada0 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca... | When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
56dde39c66d3e219004dada1 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca... | How many missions are carried out internally in Canada? | {
"text": [
"six core missions"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
56dde39c66d3e219004dada2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the ca... | What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover? | {
"text": [
"North America"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
56dde48b9a695914005b966c | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too? | {
"text": [
"conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
56dde48b9a695914005b966d | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs? | {
"text": [
"deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
56dde48b9a695914005b966e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What other air force does the CAF cooperate with? | {
"text": [
"the American Air Forces"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56dde48b9a695914005b966f | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries? | {
"text": [
"military training"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
56dde48b9a695914005b9670 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties? | {
"text": [
"relationship-building efforts"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
56dde56e9a695914005b967c | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | What year was Canada united in a confederation? | {
"text": [
"1867"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
56dde56e9a695914005b967d | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification? | {
"text": [
"French and British forces"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
56dde56e9a695914005b967e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | What is one of the threats that faced them? | {
"text": [
"European powers"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
56dde56e9a695914005b967f | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | What American war threatened Canada? | {
"text": [
"the American Revolutionary War"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
56dde56e9a695914005b9680 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces duri... | Early on, what did they defend against with the British? | {
"text": [
"invasion by the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
56dde6229a695914005b9686 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | Who initially had military command? | {
"text": [
"the British Crown-in-Council"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
56dde6229a695914005b9687 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | Where was the commander-in-chief stationed? | {
"text": [
"Halifax"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
56dde6229a695914005b9688 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? | {
"text": [
"1906"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
56dde6229a695914005b9689 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department? | {
"text": [
"the Department of Militia and Defence"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
56dde6229a695914005b968a | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army? | {
"text": [
"November 1940"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
56dde7259a695914005b9696 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military? | {
"text": [
"Second Boer War"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
56dde7259a695914005b9697 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | Under what command did they serve? | {
"text": [
"British command"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
56dde7259a695914005b9698 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe? | {
"text": [
"the First World War"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
56dde7259a695914005b9699 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in? | {
"text": [
"Second World War"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
56dde7259a695914005b969a | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in? | {
"text": [
"Korean War"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
56dde8249a695914005b96a0 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947? | {
"text": [
"more than 200 operations"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56dde8249a695914005b96a1 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally? | {
"text": [
"72"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
56dde8249a695914005b96a2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in? | {
"text": [
"Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
56dde8249a695914005b96a3 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of? | {
"text": [
"United Nations Peacekeeping operations"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
56dde8249a695914005b96a4 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis? | {
"text": [
"an aircraft carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
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