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57327363b9d445190005eb37
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part...
When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists?
{ "text": [ "May 1954" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
57327363b9d445190005eb38
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part...
Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu?
{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs" ], "answer_start": [ 504 ] }
57327363b9d445190005eb39
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part...
What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French?
{ "text": [ "allied participation and congressional approval" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
573273bfe17f3d1400422993
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat...
What is SEATO?
{ "text": [ "Southeast Asia Treaty Organization" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
573273bfe17f3d1400422994
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat...
Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO?
{ "text": [ "New Zealand and Australia" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
573273bfe17f3d1400422995
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat...
What was the purpose of SEATO?
{ "text": [ "defense of Vietnam against communism" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
573273bfe17f3d1400422996
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat...
What group did France split Vietnam with?
{ "text": [ "Communists" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
573273bfe17f3d1400422997
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat...
Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva?
{ "text": [ "Chinese" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca...
What was South Vietnam called in 1955?
{ "text": [ "Free Vietnam" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca...
Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "J. Lawton Collins" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae7
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca...
Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954?
{ "text": [ "Ngo Dinh Diem" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae8
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca...
When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "February 1955" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae9
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca...
Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "Republic of Vietnam" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
573274500fdd8d15006c6aef
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day...
How many soldiers did Eisenhower ultimately send to Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "900" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
573274500fdd8d15006c6af0
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day...
How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957?
{ "text": [ "ten" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
573274500fdd8d15006c6af1
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day...
Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "New York City" ], "answer_start": [ 416 ] }
573274500fdd8d15006c6af2
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day...
Who was Secretary of State in 1957?
{ "text": [ "John Foster Dulles" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
573274500fdd8d15006c6af3
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day...
According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam?
{ "text": [ "there were no better alternatives" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
57327493e99e3014001e67c0
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o...
When was a U-2 downed over the Soviet Union?
{ "text": [ "May 1, 1960" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
57327493e99e3014001e67c2
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o...
What was the downed U-2 gathering intelligence in advance of?
{ "text": [ "East–West summit conference" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
57327493e99e3014001e67c3
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o...
Where was the East-West summit to have taken place?
{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }
57327493e99e3014001e67c4
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o...
What was the rank of the pilot of the downed U-2?
{ "text": [ "Captain" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e4
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as?
{ "text": [ "weather research aircraft" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying?
{ "text": [ "Turkey" ], "answer_start": [ 457 ] }
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with?
{ "text": [ "oxygen equipment" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e7
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?
{ "text": [ "trial" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e8
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which...
What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as?
{ "text": [ "spy-plane" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b11
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit?
{ "text": [ "Nikita Khrushchev" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b12
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
What did Khrushchev demand that Eisenhower do?
{ "text": [ "apologize" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b13
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
Along with reducing nuclear weapons, what was to have been the topic of conversation at the Four Power Paris Summit?
{ "text": [ "Berlin" ], "answer_start": [ 432 ] }
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b14
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
What did Eisenhower blame for ruining the summit?
{ "text": [ "stupid U-2 business" ], "answer_start": [ 540 ] }
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b15
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho...
In what year was the Four Power Paris Summit intended to take place?
{ "text": [ "1960" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1b
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ...
Which president initially began to desegregate the US military?
{ "text": [ "Truman" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1c
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ...
When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin?
{ "text": [ "1948" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1d
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ...
When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union?
{ "text": [ "February 1953" ], "answer_start": [ 201 ] }
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1e
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ...
What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation?
{ "text": [ "military spending" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1f
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ...
In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address?
{ "text": [ "District of Columbia" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }
57327dd5b3a91d1900202da9
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate?
{ "text": [ "school children" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
57327dd5b3a91d1900202daa
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower?
{ "text": [ "Civil Rights Act of 1957" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dab
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act?
{ "text": [ "1960" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dac
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish?
{ "text": [ "Civil Rights Commission" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dad
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ...
Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?
{ "text": [ "Justice" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
57327e2db3a91d1900202db3
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen...
What state refused to integrate its schools in 1957?
{ "text": [ "Arkansas" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
57327e2db3a91d1900202db4
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen...
What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation?
{ "text": [ "101st Airborne Division" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }
57327e2db3a91d1900202db5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen...
What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957?
{ "text": [ "Arkansas National Guard" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
57327e2db3a91d1900202db6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen...
Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957?
{ "text": [ "Orval Faubus" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
57327e2db3a91d1900202db7
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen...
How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School?
{ "text": [ "nine" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbd
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu...
In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists?
{ "text": [ "1953" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbe
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu...
What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations?
{ "text": [ "he refused" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbf
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu...
Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy?
{ "text": [ "facilitate relations with Congress" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc3
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat...
What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets?
{ "text": [ "Atomic Energy Commission" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc4
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat...
What was the AEC working on at this time?
{ "text": [ "H-bombs" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat...
What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?
{ "text": [ "J. Robert Oppenheimer" ], "answer_start": [ 372 ] }
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat...
What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?
{ "text": [ "removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance" ], "answer_start": [ 449 ] }
57327f4a06a3a419008aca93
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters...
What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955?
{ "text": [ "issue subpoenas to White House personnel" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
57327f4a06a3a419008aca94
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters...
What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats?
{ "text": [ "executive privilege" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }
57327f4a06a3a419008aca95
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters...
Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government?
{ "text": [ "Executive" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcb
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
Who won a Senate majority in 1954?
{ "text": [ "Democrats" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcc
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House?
{ "text": [ "Sam Rayburn" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcd
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election?
{ "text": [ "Lyndon B. Johnson" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
57327f92b3a91d1900202dce
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
What state were Johnson and Rayburn from?
{ "text": [ "Texas" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcf
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ...
Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?
{ "text": [ "Joe Martin" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
57328011b3a91d1900202dd5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar...
What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress?
{ "text": [ "worked too much through subordinates" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
57328011b3a91d1900202dd6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar...
As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him?
{ "text": [ "reverse of what he has desired" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
57328011b3a91d1900202dd7
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar...
Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?
{ "text": [ "Republicans of consequence" ], "answer_start": [ 408 ] }
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d40
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con...
What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?
{ "text": [ "Republicans" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d41
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con...
What party did Brennan belong to?
{ "text": [ "Democrat" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d42
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con...
Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?
{ "text": [ "Warren" ], "answer_start": [ 354 ] }
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d43
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con...
What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?
{ "text": [ "liberal" ], "answer_start": [ 641 ] }
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d44
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con...
Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?
{ "text": [ "law-and-order conservatives" ], "answer_start": [ 303 ] }
573280c306a3a419008aca99
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19...
Where did Eisenhower pick up the habit of smoking?
{ "text": [ "West Point" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
573280c306a3a419008aca9a
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19...
How many cigarettes did Eisenhower smoke daily at West Point?
{ "text": [ "two or three packs" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
573280c306a3a419008aca9b
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19...
When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely?
{ "text": [ "March 1949" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
573280c306a3a419008aca9c
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19...
Who was Eisenhower's employer when he gave up smoking?
{ "text": [ "Columbia" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
573280c306a3a419008aca9d
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19...
Who was the cardiologist who treated Eisenhower after his heart attack?
{ "text": [ "Paul Dudley White" ], "answer_start": [ 577 ] }
5732812c06a3a419008acaa3
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957?
{ "text": [ "left ventricular aneurysm" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
5732812c06a3a419008acaa4
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957?
{ "text": [ "cabinet meeting" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
5732812c06a3a419008acaa5
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke?
{ "text": [ "right hand" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
5732812c06a3a419008acaa6
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
What is Crohn's disease?
{ "text": [ "chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
5732812c06a3a419008acaa7
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ...
Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956?
{ "text": [ "bowel obstruction" ], "answer_start": [ 448 ] }
57328196b3a91d1900202ddb
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began...
What August 1965 event caused Eisenhower to drop out of public life?
{ "text": [ "heart attack" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
57328196b3a91d1900202ddc
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began...
For what ailment did Eisenhower receive surgery in 1966?
{ "text": [ "cholecystitis" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
57328196b3a91d1900202ddd
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began...
What did Eisenhower have removed via surgery on December 12, 1966?
{ "text": [ "gallbladder" ], "answer_start": [ 418 ] }
57328196b3a91d1900202dde
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began...
In what year did Eisenhower die?
{ "text": [ "1969" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
57328196b3a91d1900202ddf
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began...
How many heart attacks did Eisenhower have between 1955 and 1969?
{ "text": [ "seven" ], "answer_start": [ 700 ] }
573281eab9988014000c7640
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav...
Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960?
{ "text": [ "Richard Nixon" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
573281eab9988014000c7641
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav...
Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960?
{ "text": [ "John F. Kennedy" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
573281eab9988014000c7642
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav...
How old was Eisenhower in 1960?
{ "text": [ "70" ], "answer_start": [ 719 ] }
573281eab9988014000c7643
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav...
Who was the youngest person elected to the United States presidency?
{ "text": [ "Kennedy" ], "answer_start": [ 776 ] }
573281eab9988014000c7644
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav...
Who won the US presidential election of 1960?
{ "text": [ "Kennedy" ], "answer_start": [ 639 ] }
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d54
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ...
On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?
{ "text": [ "January 17, 1961" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d55
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ...
In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?
{ "text": [ "military–industrial" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d56
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ...
What war did Eisenhower talk about in his Address to the Nation?
{ "text": [ "Cold" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d57
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ...
From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?
{ "text": [ "Oval Office" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d58
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ...
What term did Eisenhower use to describe the character of communism?
{ "text": [ "atheistic" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
5732833db9988014000c7652
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ...
What town did Eisenhower retire to after his presidency?
{ "text": [ "Gettysburg" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }
5732833db9988014000c7653
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ...
What Pennsylvania county did Eisenhower grow up in?
{ "text": [ "Dauphin" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
5732833db9988014000c7654
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ...
Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967?
{ "text": [ "National Park Service" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
5732833db9988014000c7655
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ...
Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?
{ "text": [ "Barry Goldwater" ], "answer_start": [ 474 ] }
5732833db9988014000c7656
Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ...
What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower?
{ "text": [ "dime-store New Dealer" ], "answer_start": [ 652 ] }