id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57327363b9d445190005eb37 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists? | {
"text": [
"May 1954"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb38 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu? | {
"text": [
"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
57327363b9d445190005eb39 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied part... | What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French? | {
"text": [
"allied participation and congressional approval"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422993 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What is SEATO? | {
"text": [
"Southeast Asia Treaty Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422994 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO? | {
"text": [
"New Zealand and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422995 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What was the purpose of SEATO? | {
"text": [
"defense of Vietnam against communism"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422996 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | What group did France split Vietnam with? | {
"text": [
"Communists"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
573273bfe17f3d1400422997 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participat... | Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | What was South Vietnam called in 1955? | {
"text": [
"Free Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"J. Lawton Collins"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954? | {
"text": [
"Ngo Dinh Diem"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae8 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"February 1955"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
573274070fdd8d15006c6ae9 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader Ngo Dinh Diem in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military ca... | Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"Republic of Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6aef | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | How many soldiers did Eisenhower ultimately send to Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"900"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957? | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af1 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"New York City"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af2 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | Who was Secretary of State in 1957? | {
"text": [
"John Foster Dulles"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
573274500fdd8d15006c6af3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten day... | According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam? | {
"text": [
"there were no better alternatives"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c0 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | When was a U-2 downed over the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [
"May 1, 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c2 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | What was the downed U-2 gathering intelligence in advance of? | {
"text": [
"East–West summit conference"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | Where was the East-West summit to have taken place? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
57327493e99e3014001e67c4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out o... | What was the rank of the pilot of the downed U-2? | {
"text": [
"Captain"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as? | {
"text": [
"weather research aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying? | {
"text": [
"Turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with? | {
"text": [
"oxygen equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [
"trial"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e8 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as? | {
"text": [
"spy-plane"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b11 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit? | {
"text": [
"Nikita Khrushchev"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b12 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | What did Khrushchev demand that Eisenhower do? | {
"text": [
"apologize"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b13 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | Along with reducing nuclear weapons, what was to have been the topic of conversation at the Four Power Paris Summit? | {
"text": [
"Berlin"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b14 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | What did Eisenhower blame for ruining the summit? | {
"text": [
"stupid U-2 business"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
57327d1a0fdd8d15006c6b15 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenho... | In what year was the Four Power Paris Summit intended to take place? | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | Which president initially began to desegregate the US military? | {
"text": [
"Truman"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin? | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union? | {
"text": [
"February 1953"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1e | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation? | {
"text": [
"military spending"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
57327d740fdd8d15006c6b1f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | While President Truman had begun the process of desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first State of the Union address in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in ... | In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address? | {
"text": [
"District of Columbia"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202da9 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate? | {
"text": [
"school children"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202daa | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower? | {
"text": [
"Civil Rights Act of 1957"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dab | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act? | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dac | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish? | {
"text": [
"Civil Rights Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
57327dd5b3a91d1900202dad | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil righ... | Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office? | {
"text": [
"Justice"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What state refused to integrate its schools in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Arkansas"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation? | {
"text": [
"101st Airborne Division"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Arkansas National Guard"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957? | {
"text": [
"Orval Faubus"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
57327e2db3a91d1900202db7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sen... | How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists? | {
"text": [
"1953"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbe | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations? | {
"text": [
"he refused"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
57327e83b3a91d1900202dbf | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a nu... | Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy? | {
"text": [
"facilitate relations with Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets? | {
"text": [
"Atomic Energy Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What was the AEC working on at this time? | {
"text": [
"H-bombs"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb? | {
"text": [
"J. Robert Oppenheimer"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
57327ee0b3a91d1900202dc6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigat... | What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed? | {
"text": [
"removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca93 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955? | {
"text": [
"issue subpoenas to White House personnel"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca94 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats? | {
"text": [
"executive privilege"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
57327f4a06a3a419008aca95 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters... | Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government? | {
"text": [
"Executive"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who won a Senate majority in 1954? | {
"text": [
"Democrats"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcc | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House? | {
"text": [
"Sam Rayburn"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election? | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dce | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | What state were Johnson and Rayburn from? | {
"text": [
"Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
57327f92b3a91d1900202dcf | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955? | {
"text": [
"Joe Martin"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress? | {
"text": [
"worked too much through subordinates"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him? | {
"text": [
"reverse of what he has desired"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of? | {
"text": [
"Republicans of consequence"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d40 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations? | {
"text": [
"Republicans"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d41 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What party did Brennan belong to? | {
"text": [
"Democrat"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d42 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice? | {
"text": [
"Warren"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d43 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court? | {
"text": [
"liberal"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d44 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick? | {
"text": [
"law-and-order conservatives"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
573280c306a3a419008aca99 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | Where did Eisenhower pick up the habit of smoking? | {
"text": [
"West Point"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
573280c306a3a419008aca9a | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | How many cigarettes did Eisenhower smoke daily at West Point? | {
"text": [
"two or three packs"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
573280c306a3a419008aca9b | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely? | {
"text": [
"March 1949"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
573280c306a3a419008aca9c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | Who was Eisenhower's employer when he gave up smoking? | {
"text": [
"Columbia"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
573280c306a3a419008aca9d | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | Who was the cardiologist who treated Eisenhower after his heart attack? | {
"text": [
"Paul Dudley White"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957? | {
"text": [
"left ventricular aneurysm"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957? | {
"text": [
"cabinet meeting"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke? | {
"text": [
"right hand"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa6 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | What is Crohn's disease? | {
"text": [
"chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa7 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956? | {
"text": [
"bowel obstruction"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
57328196b3a91d1900202ddb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | What August 1965 event caused Eisenhower to drop out of public life? | {
"text": [
"heart attack"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
57328196b3a91d1900202ddc | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | For what ailment did Eisenhower receive surgery in 1966? | {
"text": [
"cholecystitis"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
57328196b3a91d1900202ddd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | What did Eisenhower have removed via surgery on December 12, 1966? | {
"text": [
"gallbladder"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
57328196b3a91d1900202dde | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | In what year did Eisenhower die? | {
"text": [
"1969"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
57328196b3a91d1900202ddf | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | How many heart attacks did Eisenhower have between 1955 and 1969? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
700
]
} |
573281eab9988014000c7640 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960? | {
"text": [
"Richard Nixon"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
573281eab9988014000c7641 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960? | {
"text": [
"John F. Kennedy"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
573281eab9988014000c7642 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | How old was Eisenhower in 1960? | {
"text": [
"70"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} |
573281eab9988014000c7643 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | Who was the youngest person elected to the United States presidency? | {
"text": [
"Kennedy"
],
"answer_start": [
776
]
} |
573281eab9988014000c7644 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | Who won the US presidential election of 1960? | {
"text": [
"Kennedy"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d54 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech? | {
"text": [
"January 17, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d55 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of? | {
"text": [
"military–industrial"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d56 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | What war did Eisenhower talk about in his Address to the Nation? | {
"text": [
"Cold"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d57 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech? | {
"text": [
"Oval Office"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d58 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | What term did Eisenhower use to describe the character of communism? | {
"text": [
"atheistic"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
5732833db9988014000c7652 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | What town did Eisenhower retire to after his presidency? | {
"text": [
"Gettysburg"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
5732833db9988014000c7653 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | What Pennsylvania county did Eisenhower grow up in? | {
"text": [
"Dauphin"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
5732833db9988014000c7654 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967? | {
"text": [
"National Park Service"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
5732833db9988014000c7655 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964? | {
"text": [
"Barry Goldwater"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
5732833db9988014000c7656 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower? | {
"text": [
"dime-store New Dealer"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
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