id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5733fb934776f41900661638 | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality? | {
"text": [
"victimized groups"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
5733fb934776f41900661639 | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides? | {
"text": [
"politicides"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
5733fb934776f4190066163a | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Along with ethnicity and and religion, what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group? | {
"text": [
"nationality"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
5733fb934776f4190066163b | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?" | {
"text": [
"pogroms"
],
"answer_start": [
871
]
} |
5733fcd5d058e614000b6717 | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide? | {
"text": [
"murder by government"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
5733fcd5d058e614000b6718 | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership? | {
"text": [
"religious group"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5733fcd5d058e614000b671a | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end? | {
"text": [
"eliminate the group"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
5733fcd5d058e614000b671b | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor? | {
"text": [
"preventing births"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
57340136d058e614000b6783 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer? | {
"text": [
"Adrian Gallagher"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
57340136d058e614000b6784 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? | {
"text": [
"collective power"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
57340136d058e614000b6785 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what? | {
"text": [
"intent"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
57340136d058e614000b6786 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one? | {
"text": [
"group identity"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
57340136d058e614000b6787 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what? | {
"text": [
"destroyed"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
573402a3d058e614000b6797 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what? | {
"text": [
"acts of genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
573402a3d058e614000b6798 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged? | {
"text": [
"both in peace and wartime"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
573402a3d058e614000b6799 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the signatories possess? | {
"text": [
"no claim of genocide could be brought against them"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
573402a3d058e614000b679a | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself? | {
"text": [
"the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
573402a3d058e614000b679b | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the the immunity of others from prosecution of genocide? | {
"text": [
"Norway"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
573404abd058e614000b67ca | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in general found guilty of crimes against what? | {
"text": [
"humanity"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
573404abd058e614000b67cb | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what? | {
"text": [
"crimes like murder"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
573404abd058e614000b67cc | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort? | {
"text": [
"the Holocaust"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
573404abd058e614000b67cd | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?" | {
"text": [
"Raphael Lemkin"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
573406d84776f41900661731 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court? | {
"text": [
"European Court of Human Rights"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
573406d84776f41900661732 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases? | {
"text": [
"wider interpretation of genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
573406d84776f41900661733 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide? | {
"text": [
"ethnic cleansing"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
573406d84776f41900661734 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind? | {
"text": [
"expel Muslims and Croats from their homes"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
573406d84776f41900661735 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | Conversely the scholars who did view the Serbs' acts as constituting genocide, were backed up by what Tribunal? | {
"text": [
"the ICTY"
],
"answer_start": [
712
]
} |
5734087f4776f4190066174d | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? | {
"text": [
"About 30"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5734087f4776f4190066174e | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? | {
"text": [
"several plea bargains"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
5734087f4776f4190066174f | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? | {
"text": [
"conspiracy to commit genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
5734087f4776f41900661750 | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what? | {
"text": [
"aiding and abetting genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
5734087f4776f41900661751 | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts? | {
"text": [
"German courts"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
57340aae4776f4190066178f | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY? | {
"text": [
"Slobodan Milošević"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57340aae4776f41900661790 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | What event occurred in March 2006 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial? | {
"text": [
"He died"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
57340aae4776f41900661791 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Had Milosevic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of? | {
"text": [
"genocide or complicity in genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
57340aae4776f41900661792 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | With Milosevic dead, who did the ICTY next charge with crimes of genocide in 1995? | {
"text": [
"Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
57340aae4776f41900661793 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested? | {
"text": [
"Belgrade"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
57340c46d058e614000b6893 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda? | {
"text": [
"International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57340c46d058e614000b6894 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period? | {
"text": [
"April 1994"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
57340c46d058e614000b6895 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | the ICTR was created in November 1995 by which branch of the UN? | {
"text": [
"the Security Council of the United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
57340c46d058e614000b6896 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The ICTR was established for the purpose of convicting those responsible for acts of genocide and what other charges? | {
"text": [
"serious violations of the international law"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
57340c46d058e614000b6897 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The charges of genocide brought up by the ICTR were against what group of people? | {
"text": [
"Rwandan citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
57340e5dd058e614000b68b9 | Genocide | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | What has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in Sudan? | {
"text": [
"situation in Darfur"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
57340e5dd058e614000b68ba | Genocide | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in Darfur as an act of genocide? | {
"text": [
"Colin Powell"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
57340e5dd058e614000b68bb | Genocide | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | In front of which committee did Powell testify? | {
"text": [
"the Senate Foreign Relations Committee"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
57340e5dd058e614000b68bc | Genocide | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2004? | {
"text": [
"an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
57340e5dd058e614000b68bd | Genocide | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | Despite some concessions, what act did the Commission ultimately state that Sudan had not pursued? | {
"text": [
"genocidal policy"
],
"answer_start": [
717
]
} |
57340f5bd058e614000b68cd | Genocide | In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote o... | To whom did the Security Council officially refer the situation in Darfur? | {
"text": [
"Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
57340f5bd058e614000b68ce | Genocide | In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote o... | What was taken into account, without mentioning specific crimes? | {
"text": [
"the Commission report"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
57340f5bd058e614000b68cf | Genocide | In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote o... | China and what other permanent member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? | {
"text": [
"the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
57340f5bd058e614000b68d0 | Genocide | In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote o... | In which number report to the Council did the Prosecutor concede that crimes had been committed but evidence for prosecution was insufficient? | {
"text": [
"his fourth report"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
573410864776f419006617e5 | Genocide | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on? | {
"text": [
"structural conditions"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
573410864776f419006617e6 | Genocide | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide? | {
"text": [
"psychological and social"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
573410864776f419006617e7 | Genocide | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion? | {
"text": [
"Ervin Staub"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
573410864776f419006617e8 | Genocide | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | A history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of violence developing into genocide? | {
"text": [
"devaluation of the group"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
573410864776f419006617e9 | Genocide | Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in... | What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide? | {
"text": [
"humanizing a devalued group"
],
"answer_start": [
995
]
} |
57331e2f4776f419006606ea | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | What country is Saint-Barthélemy a collectivity of? | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
57331e2f4776f419006606eb | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | What is the French abbreviation for Saint-Barthélemy? | {
"text": [
"Saint-Barth"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
57331e2f4776f419006606ec | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
57331e2f4776f419006606ed | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | What did the native peoples of Saint-Barthélemy call the island? | {
"text": [
"Ouanalao"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
57331e2f4776f419006606ee | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | In which direction is Puerto Rico from the island of Saint-Barthélemy? | {
"text": [
"west"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
57336480d058e614000b59fe | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | What kind of island is St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"volcanic"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
57336480d058e614000b59ff | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | What is the population of St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"9,035"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
57336480d058e614000b5a00 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | What is the capital of St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"Gustavia"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
57336480d058e614000b5a01 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time? | {
"text": [
"Swedish"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
57336480d058e614000b5a02 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"the winter holiday season"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
573365634776f419006609cb | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | St. Barts was formerly a part of what French commune? | {
"text": [
"Guadeloupe"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
573365634776f419006609cc | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe? | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
573365634776f419006609cd | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | When did St. Barts finally received its independence? | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
573365634776f419006609ce | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | What is the current name of the building in St. Barts that serves as town hall? | {
"text": [
"Hotel de la Collectivité"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
573365634776f419006609cf | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | Who officially represents St. Barts in French legislation? | {
"text": [
"A senator"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
573366a64776f419006609fd | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast o... | How many Miles East of Puerto Rico is St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"160"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
573366a64776f419006609fe | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast o... | St. Barts is one of the what group of islands? | {
"text": [
"the Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
573366a64776f419006609ff | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast o... | What lies between St. Barts and Saint Martin island? | {
"text": [
"the Saint-Barthélemy Channel"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
573366a64776f41900660a00 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast o... | What is Île Frégate in relation to St Barts? | {
"text": [
"satellite islets"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
573366a64776f41900660a01 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Located approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) east of Puerto Rico and the nearer Virgin Islands, St. Barthélemy lies immediately southeast of the islands of Saint Martin and Anguilla. It is one of the Renaissance Islands. St. Barthélemy is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel. It lies northeast o... | What does "Roques" mean in English? | {
"text": [
"little Turtle rocks"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} |
573367eed058e614000b5a5b | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts? | {
"text": [
"Colombier Bay"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
573367eed058e614000b5a5c | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | Grande Saline Bay provides docking for what kind of boats? | {
"text": [
"small"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
573367eed058e614000b5a5d | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | The North and East sides of St. Barts are fringed by what? | {
"text": [
"visible coral reef"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
573367eed058e614000b5a5e | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | Reefs are almost always in what type of water? | {
"text": [
"shallow"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
573367eed058e614000b5a5f | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | Some of the offshore reefs of St. Barts are part of what? | {
"text": [
"a marine reserve"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
573368a6d058e614000b5a6b | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | How many public beaches are there in St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"22"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
573368a6d058e614000b5a6c | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | How many beaches in St. Barts are suitable to swim in? | {
"text": [
"15"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
573368a6d058e614000b5a6d | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | What is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by the island itself? | {
"text": [
"leeward"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
573368a6d058e614000b5a6e | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds? | {
"text": [
"windward"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
573368a6d058e614000b5a6f | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity? | {
"text": [
"windsurfing"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
57336993d058e614000b5a8a | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | What type of climate does St. Barts typically have? | {
"text": [
"arid"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
57336993d058e614000b5a8b | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | How many hectares does the island have in total? | {
"text": [
"2,500"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57336993d058e614000b5a8c | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year? | {
"text": [
"1000 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
57336993d058e614000b5a8d | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | When does summer end in St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"November"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
57336993d058e614000b5a8e | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | What is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"13 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
742
]
} |
57336c1cd058e614000b5abf | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | What are the people of St. Barts called? | {
"text": [
"Saint-Barthélemoise"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
57336c1cd058e614000b5ac0 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | Of what nation do the people of St. Barts claim citizenship? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
57336c1cd058e614000b5ac1 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | What is the native language of St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
57336c1cd058e614000b5ac2 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | How does the determination between Patois and Creole French usually determined? | {
"text": [
"racially"
],
"answer_start": [
742
]
} |
57336c1cd058e614000b5ac3 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | About how many people speak Patois French in St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"500–700"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
57336cced058e614000b5ace | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | What island besides St. Barts was granted COM status by France in 2007? | {
"text": [
"Saint Martin"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
57336cced058e614000b5acf | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | When did the COM status for St. Barts take effect? | {
"text": [
"15 July 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
57336cced058e614000b5ad0 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | How many years does a president have in office in St. Barts? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
57336cced058e614000b5ad1 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | How many people are on the Territorial Council? | {
"text": [
"nineteen"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
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