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\begin{aosachapter}{Secrets of Mobile Network Performance}{s:mobile-perf}{Bryce Howard}
\aosasecti{Introduction}
The last few years have brought us significant progress in mobile
cellular network performance. But many mobile applications cannot fully
benefit from this advance due to inflated network latencies.
Laten... | aosa/src/posa/tex/mobile-perf.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.002 | false | false | 30,816 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Zotonic}{s:zotonic}{Arjan Scherpenisse and Marc Worrell}
\aosasecti{Introduction to Zotonic}
Zotonic is an open source framework for doing full-stack web
development, all the way from frontend to backend. Consisting of a small
set of core functionalities, it implements a lightweight but extensible... | aosa/src/posa/tex/zotonic.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 47,514 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Continuous Integration}{s:integration}{C.\ Titus Brown and Rosangela Canino-Koning}
Continuous Integration (CI) systems are systems that build and test
software automatically and regularly. Though their primary benefit
lies in avoiding long periods between build and test runs, CI systems
can also ... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/integration.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 36,650 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems}{s:distsys}{Kate Matsudaira}
Open source software has become a fundamental building block for some
of the biggest websites. And as those websites have grown,
best practices and guiding principles around their architectures have
emerged. This chapter... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/distsys.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 50,853 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Battle for Wesnoth}{s:wesnoth}{Richard Shimooka and David White}
Programming tends to be considered a straightforward problem solving
activity; a developer has a requirement and codes a solution. Beauty
is often judged on the technical implementation's elegance or
effectiveness; this book is replet... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/wesnoth.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.021 | false | false | 26,146 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{MediaWiki}{s:mediawiki}{Sumana Harihareswara and Guillaume Paumier}
From the start, MediaWiki was developed specifically to be Wikipedia's
software. Developers have worked to facilitate reuse by third-party
users, but Wikipedia's influence and bias have shaped MediaWiki's
architecture throughout it... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/mediawiki.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 55,030 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{PyPy}{s:pypy}{Benjamin Peterson}
PyPy is a Python implementation and a dynamic language implementation framework.
This chapter assumes familiarity with some basic interpreter and compiler
concepts like bytecode and constant folding.
\begin{aosasect1}{A Little History}
Python is a high-level, dyn... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/pypy.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 34,727 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Asterisk}{s:asterisk}{Russell Bryant}
Asterisk\footnote{\url{http://www.asterisk.org/}} is an open source telephony
applications platform distributed under the GPLv2. In short, it is a
server application for making, receiving, and performing custom
processing of phone calls.
The project was starte... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/asterisk.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 33,899 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Puppet}{s:puppet}{Luke Kanies}
\begin{aosasect1}{Introduction}
Puppet is an open source IT management tool written in Ruby, used for
datacenter automation and server management at Google, Twitter, the
New York Stock Exchange, and many others. It is primarily maintained
by Puppet Labs, which also f... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/puppet.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.006 | false | false | 36,249 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{ZeroMQ}{s:zeromq}{Martin S\'{u}strik}
{\O}MQ is a messaging system, or ``message-oriented middleware'', if you
will. It's used in environments as diverse as financial services, game
development, embedded systems, academic research and aerospace.
Messaging systems work basically as instant messagin... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/zeromq.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.01 | false | false | 40,786 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Twisted}{s:twisted}{Jessica McKellar}
Twisted is an event-driven networking engine in Python. It was born in the
early 2000s, when the writers of networked games had few scalable and no
cross-platform libraries, in any language, at their disposal. The authors of
Twisted tried to develop games in th... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/twisted.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 38,971 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{GPSD}{s:gpsd}{Eric Raymond}
%% Note: American spelling. --ARB
GPSD is a suite of tools for managing collections of GPS devices and other
sensors related to navigation and precision timekeeping, including
marine AIS (Automatic Identification System) radios and digital compasses. The main program, a... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/gpsd.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.005 | false | false | 38,003 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Violet}{s:violet}{Cay Horstmann}
In 2002, I wrote an undergraduate textbook on object-oriented design
and patterns \cite{bib:horstmann:oodp}. As with so many books, this one
was motivated by frustration with the canonical curriculum.
Frequently, computer science students learn how to design a sing... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/violet.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.002 | false | false | 31,477 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Yocto}{s:yocto}{Elizabeth Flanagan}
% American spelling
% TA: Not sure about use of the registered symbol ( ® ). Here's what the Linux
% Foundation's page on trademarks says (http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/linux-foundation-trademark-usage-guidelines):
%
% A trademark notice should be use... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/yocto.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.034 | false | false | 34,092 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{nginx}{s:nginx}{Andrew Alexeev}
nginx (pronounced ``engine x'') is a free open source web server
written by Igor Sysoev, a Russian software engineer. Since its public
launch in 2004, nginx has focused on high performance, high
concurrency and low memory usage. Additional features on top of the
web ... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/nginx.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.006 | false | false | 47,893 | -1 |
\newpage
% half title page
\thispagestyle{empty}
\vspace*{8.5cm}
\hspace{-2.3cm}
\includegraphics[width=475pt]{../images/frontmatter/title.pdf}
\newpage
% Blank page here
\thispagestyle{empty}
\mbox{} % need to have *something* in here or Latex "helpfully" removes page
\newpage
% title page
\thispagestyle{empty... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/frontmatter.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.088 | false | false | 3,797 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Introduction}{s:intro}{Amy Brown and Greg Wilson}
Carpentry is an exacting craft, and people can spend their entire
lives learning how to do it well. But carpentry is not architecture:
if we step back from pitch boards and miter joints, buildings as a
whole must be designed, and doing that is as m... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/intro.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 22,044 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{SQLAlchemy}{s:sqlalchemy}{Michael Bayer}
SQLAlchemy is a database toolkit and object-relational mapping (ORM) system
for the Python programming language, first introduced in 2005. From the
beginning, it has sought to provide an end-to-end system for working with
relational databases in Python, usin... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/sqlalchemy.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.001 | false | false | 59,916 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Berkeley DB}{s:bdb}{Margo Seltzer and Keith Bostic}
Conway's Law states that a design reflects the structure of the
organization that produced it. Stretching that a bit, we might
anticipate that a software artifact designed and initially produced by
two people might somehow reflect, not merely the ... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/bdb.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 66,544 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Parsing XML at the Speed of Light}{s:pugixml}{Arseny Kapoulkine}
\aosasecti{Preface}
XML is a standardized markup language that defines a set of rules for
encoding hierarchically structured documents in a human-readable
text-based format. XML is in widespread use, with documents ranging from
very ... | aosa/src/posa/tex/pugixml.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.011 | false | false | 48,208 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{The Dynamic Language Runtime and the Iron Languages}{s:ironlang}{Jeff Hardy}
The Iron languages are an informal group of language implementations with
``Iron'' in their names, in honour of the first one, IronPython. All of these
languages have at least one thing in common---they are dynamic languag... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/ironlang.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.011 | false | false | 42,580 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Jitsi}{s:jitsi}{Emil Ivov}
Jitsi is an application that allows people to make video and voice
calls, share their desktops, and exchange files and messages. More
importantly it allows people to do this over a number of different
protocols, ranging from the standardized XMPP (Extensible Messaging
and... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/jitsi.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.026 | false | false | 38,040 | -1 |
\newpage
% half title page
\thispagestyle{empty}
\vspace*{8.5cm}
\hspace{-2.3cm}
\includegraphics[width=445pt]{frontmatter-images/title.pdf}
\newpage
% Blank page here
\thispagestyle{empty}
\mbox{} % need to have *something* in here or Latex "helpfully" removes page
\newpage
% title page
\thispagestyle{empty}
\... | aosa/src/500lines/minutiae/pdf/frontmatter.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/500lines | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.184 | false | false | 3,919 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{FreeRTOS}{s:freertos}{Christopher Svec}
FreeRTOS (pronounced ``free-arr-toss'') is an open source real-time
operating system (RTOS) for embedded systems. FreeRTOS supports many
different architectures and compiler toolchains, and is designed to be
``small, simple, and easy to
use''\footnote{\url{ht... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/freertos.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.05 | false | false | 38,879 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{GNU Mailman}{s:mailman}{Barry Warsaw}
GNU Mailman\footnote{\url{http://www.list.org}} is free software for
managing mailing lists. Almost everybody who writes or uses free and
open source software has encountered a mailing list. Mailing
lists can be discussion-based or announcement-based, with al... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/mailman.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.002 | false | false | 49,412 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{The Bourne-Again Shell}{s:bash}{Chet Ramey}
\begin{aosasect1}{Introduction}
A Unix shell provides an interface that lets the user interact
with the operating system by running commands.
But a shell is also a fairly rich
programming language: there are constructs for flow control,
alternation, loop... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/bash.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 48,232 | -1 |
\begin{chapter}*{Colophon}
The image on the cover is of New York's Equitable Building, photographed and
modified by James Howe (\url{http://www.jameshowephotography.com}).
\medskip
\noindent The cover font is Junction by Caroline Hadilaksono. The text font is \TeX
Gyre Termes and the heading font is \TeX Gyre Heros... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/colophon.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.083 | false | false | 552 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Introduction}{s:intro}{Michael DiBernardo}
This is the fourth volume in the \emph{Architecture of Open Source Applications}
series, and the first to not feature the words ``open source applications'' anywhere in the
title.
The first three volumes in the series were about big problems that big pro... | aosa/src/500lines/minutiae/pdf/intro.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/500lines | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 14,342 | -1 |
% \begin{chapter}*{}
% \aosafigure{../images/backmatter/making.pdf}{}{fig.making.making}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\sffamily
\Large You May Also Enjoy\ldots
\normalsize
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=250pt]{../images/backmatter/making.pdf}
\end{figure}
Many claims are made about how certain tool... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/makingsoftware.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.057 | false | false | 1,581 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Firefox Release Engineering}{s:ffreleng}{Chris AtLee, Lukas Blakk, John O'Duinn, and Armen Zambrano Gasparnian}
Recently, the Mozilla Release Engineering team has made numerous advances
in release automation for Firefox. We have
reduced the requirements for human involvement during signing and send... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/ffreleng.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.001 | false | false | 46,742 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Python Packaging}{s:packaging}{Tarek Ziad\'{e}}
\begin{aosasect1}{Introduction}
There are two schools of thought when it comes to installing
applications. The first, common to Windows and Mac OS X, is that
applications should be self-contained, and their installation should
not depend on anything... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/packaging.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.001 | false | false | 55,151 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Ninja}{s:ninja}{Evan Martin}
Ninja is a build system similar to Make. As input you describe the
commands necessary to process source files into \emph{target} files.
Ninja uses these commands to bring targets up to date. Unlike many other
build systems, Ninja's main design goal was speed.
I wrote N... | aosa/src/posa/tex/ninja.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 29,664 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{The Glasgow Haskell Compiler}{s:ghc}{Simon Marlow and Simon Peyton Jones}
The Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC) started as part of an academic
research project funded by the UK government at the beginning of the
1990s, with several goals in mind:
\begin{aosaitemize}
\item To make freely available a ... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/ghc.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 74,775 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{LLVM}{s:llvm}{Chris Lattner}
This chapter discusses some of the design decisions that shaped
LLVM\footnote{\url{http://llvm.org}}, an umbrella project that hosts
and develops a set of close-knit low-level toolchain components (e.g.,
assemblers, compilers, debuggers, etc.), which are designed to be
... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/llvm.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.02 | false | false | 45,000 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{SocialCalc}{s:socialcalc}{Audrey Tang}
L'histoire des tableurs s'étend sur plus de 30 ans. Le premier logiciel tableur, VisiCalc, fut conçu par Dan Bricklin en 1978 et distribué en 1979. Le concept d'origine était assez simple : un tableau qui s'étend à l'infini sur deux dimensions, les cellules ... | aosa/src/v1/tex/fr/socialcalc.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.036 | false | false | 38,877 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{OSCAR}{s:oscar}{Jennifer Ruttan}
Since their initial adoption, EMR (electronic medical record) systems
have attempted to bridge the gap between the physical and digital
worlds of patient care. Governments in countries around the world have
attempted to come up with a solution that enables better ca... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/oscar.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.002 | false | false | 39,018 | -1 |
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{epstopdf}
\usepackage[hyphens]{url} % this package doesn't make proper clickable links, but
% \usepackage{hyperref} % this package breaks the build.
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{framed} % for sidebars
\usepackage[includefoot]{geometry} %... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/aosa2.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.16 | false | false | 7,462 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{matplotlib}{s:matplotlib}{John Hunter and Michael Droettboom}
%% American spelling. --ARB
matplotlib is a Python-based plotting library with full support for
2D and limited support for 3D graphics, widely used in
the Python scientific computing community. The library targets a broad range of
use ... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/matplotlib.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.04 | false | false | 40,366 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Working with Big Data in Bioinformatics}{s:khmer}{Eric McDonald and C.\/Titus Brown}
\aosasecti{Introduction}
\aosasectii{Bioinformatics and Big Data}
The field of bioinformatics seeks to provide tools and analyses that
facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of life on Earth,
largel... | aosa/src/posa/tex/khmer.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.004 | false | false | 45,709 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{High Performance Networking~in Chrome}{s:chrome}{Ilya Grigorik}
\aosasecti{History and Guiding Principles of Google Chrome}
Google Chrome was first released in the second half of 2008, as a beta
version for the Windows platform. The Google-authored code powering
Chrome was also made available unde... | aosa/src/posa/tex/chrome.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.005 | false | false | 55,541 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{CMake}{s:cmake}{Bill Hoffman and Kenneth Martin}
In 1999 the National Library of Medicine engaged a small company
called Kitware to develop a better way to configure, build, and deploy
complex software across many different platforms. This work was part
of the Insight Segmentation and Registration ... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/cmake.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.02 | false | false | 25,874 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Git}{s:git}{Susan Potter}
\begin{aosasect1}{Git in a Nutshell}
Git enables the maintenance of a digital body of work (often, but not limited
to, code) by many collaborators using a peer-to-peer network of
repositories. It supports distributed workflows, allowing a
body of work to either eventually... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/git.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.002 | false | false | 29,644 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{From SocialCalc to EtherCalc}{s:ethercalc}{Audrey Tang}
\href{http://ethercalc.net/}{EtherCalc} is an online spreadsheet system
optimized toward simultaneous editing, using SocialCalc as its
in-browser spreadsheet engine. Designed by Dan Bricklin (the inventor of
spreadsheets), SocialCalc is part o... | aosa/src/posa/tex/ethercalc.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.013 | false | false | 23,164 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Open MPI}{s:openmpi}{Jeffrey M.\ Squyres}
\begin{aosasect1}{Background}
Open MPI~\cite{bib:open-mpi-general} is an open source software
implementation of The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard.
Before the architecture and innards of Open MPI will make any sense,
a little background on the MP... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/openmpi.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.129 | false | false | 43,240 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Telepathy}{s:telepathy}{Danielle Madeley}
Telepathy\footnote{\url{http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/}, or see the
developers' manual at \url{http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/doc/book/}} is a
modular framework for real-time communications that handles voice, video, text, file
transfer, and so on. Wha... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/telepathy.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 53,927 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{MemShrink}{s:memshrink}{Kyle Huey}
\aosasecti{Introduction}
Firefox has long had a reputation for using too much memory. The
accuracy of that reputation has varied over the years but it has stuck
with the browser. Every Firefox release in the past several years has
been met by skeptical users with... | aosa/src/posa/tex/memshrink.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 35,160 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{ITK}{s:itk}{Luis Ib\'{a}\~{n}ez and Brad King}
%% American spelling
\begin{aosasect1}{What Is ITK?}
ITK (the Insight Toolkit)\footnote{\url{http://www.itk.org}} is a library for
image analysis that was developed by the initiative, and mainly with the
funding, of the US National Library of
Medicin... | aosa/src/v2/tex/en/itk.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v2 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.011 | false | false | 62,309 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Infinispan}{s:infinispan}{Manik Surtani}
\aosasecti{Introduction}
Infinispan\footnote{\url{http://www.infinispan.org}}~is an open source
data grid platform. It is a distributed, in-memory key-value
NoSQL~store. Software architects typically use data grids like
Infinispan either as a performance-en... | aosa/src/posa/tex/infinispan.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 22,864 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Applying Optimization Principle Patterns to Component Deployment and
Configuration Tools}{s:dance}{Doug C. Schmidt, William R. Otte, and Aniruddha Gokhale}
\aosasecti{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\emph{Distributed, real-time and embedded} (DRE) systems are an
important class of... | aosa/src/posa/tex/dance.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 63,255 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{VTK}{s:vtk}{Berk Geveci and Will Schroeder}
The Visualization Toolkit (VTK) is a widely used software system for
data processing and visualization. It is used in scientific computing,
medical image analysis, computational geometry, rendering, image
processing and informatics. In this chapter we pro... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/vtk.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 43,902 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Talos}{s:talos}{Clint Talbert and Joel Maher}
At Mozilla, one of our very first automation systems was a performance
testing framework we dubbed Talos. Talos had been faithfully maintained
without substantial modification since its inception in 2007, even
though many of the original assumptions and... | aosa/src/posa/tex/talos.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/posa | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 20,342 | -1 |
\begin{aosachapter}{Riak and Erlang/OTP}{s:riak}{Francesco Cesarini, Andy Gross, and Justin Sheehy}
Riak is a distributed, fault tolerant, open source database that
illustrates how to build large scale systems using Erlang/OTP\@. Thanks
in large part to Erlang's support for massively scalable distributed
systems, Ria... | aosa/src/v1/tex/en/riak.tex | books | aosa | aosa/src/v1 | CC-BY-3.0 | CC-BY-3.0 | 12308deff812eb3a4fa4e210ae5496e154961311 | doc | false | 0.018 | false | false | 51,727 | -1 |
\documentclass[10pt]{book}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{framed}
\setlength{\FrameSep}{0mm}
\makeindex
%\usepackage{showidx}
% mark overful hboxes
%\overfullrule=5mm
\usepackage{kpfonts}
\newcommand{\eq}{=}
%\usepackage[nott]{kpfonts}
%\SetMathAlphabet{\mathtt}{normal}{OT1}{\ttdefault}{m}{n}
%\SetMathAlphabet{\m... | ods/latex/ods.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.231 | false | false | 7,762 | -1 |
\chapter{Binary Trees}
\chaplabel{binarytrees}
This chapter introduces one of the most fundamental structures in computer
science: binary trees. The use of the word \emph{tree}
\index{tree}%
\index{tree!binary}%
\index{binary tree}%
here comes from
the fact that, when we draw them, the resultant drawing often resembl... | ods/latex/binarytrees.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.036 | false | false | 24,097 | -1 |
\chapter*{Why This Book?}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Why This Book?}
There are plenty of books that teach introductory data structures.
Some of them are very good. Most of them cost money, and the vast
majority of computer science undergraduate students will shell out at
least some cash on a data structures book.... | ods/latex/why.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 2,369 | -1 |
\chapter{Sorting Algorithms}
\chaplabel{sorting}
This chapter discusses algorithms for sorting a set of #n# items.
This might seem like a strange topic for a book on data structures, but
there are several good reasons for including it here. The most obvious
reason is that two of these sorting algorithms (quicksort an... | ods/latex/sorting.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.054 | false | false | 37,151 | -1 |
\chapter{Heaps}
\chaplabel{heaps}
In this chapter, we discuss two implementations of the extremely useful
priority #Queue# data structure. Both of these structures are a special
kind of binary tree called a \emph{heap},
\index{heap}%
\index{binary heap}%
\index{heap!binary}%
which means ``a disorganized
pile.'' Thi... | ods/latex/heaps.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.077 | false | false | 17,341 | -1 |
\chapter{Hash Tables}
\chaplabel{hashtables}
\chaplabel{hashing}
Hash tables are an efficient method of storing a small number,
#n#, of integers from a large range $U=\{0,\ldots,2^{#w#}-1\}$.
The term \emph{hash table}
\index{hash table}%
includes a broad range of data structures. The first part of this
chapter focus... | ods/latex/hashing.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.043 | false | false | 50,038 | -1 |
\chapter{Skiplists}
\chaplabel{skiplists}
In this chapter, we discuss a beautiful data structure: the skiplist,
which has a variety of applications. Using a skiplist we can implement a
#List# that has $O(\log n)$ time implementations of #get(i)#, #set(i,x)#,
#add(i,x)#, and #remove(i)#. We can also implement an #SSe... | ods/latex/skiplists.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.047 | false | false | 27,398 | -1 |
\chapter{External Memory Searching}
\chaplabel{btree}
Throughout this book, we have been using the #w#-bit word-RAM model
of computation defined in \secref{model}. An implicit assumption of
this model is that our computer has a large enough random access memory
to store all of the data in the data structure. In som... | ods/latex/btree.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.078 | false | false | 39,474 | -1 |
\chapter*{Acknowledgments}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Acknowledgments}
I am grateful to Nima~Hoda, who spent a summer tirelessly proofreading
many of the chapters in this book; to the students in the Fall 2011
offering of COMP2402/2002, who put up with the first draft of this book
and spotted many typographic, gra... | ods/latex/ack.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 455 | -1 |
\chapter{Introduction}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
Every computer science curriculum in the world includes a course on data
structures and algorithms. Data structures are \emph{that} important;
they improve our quality of life and even save lives on a regular basis.
Many multi-million and several multi-billion dollar comp... | ods/latex/intro.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.054 | false | false | 57,101 | -1 |
\chapter{Graphs}
\chaplabel{graphs}
%\textbf{Warning to the Reader:} This chapter is still being actively
%developed, meaning that the code has not been thoroughly tested and/or
%the text has not be carefully proofread.
In this chapter, we study two representations of graphs and basic
algorithms that use these repres... | ods/latex/graphs.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.043 | false | false | 26,823 | -1 |
\chapter{Red-Black Trees}
\chaplabel{redblack}
\index{binary search tree!red-black}%
\index{red-black tree}%
In this chapter, we present red-black trees, a version of binary search
trees with logarithmic height. Red-black trees are one of the most
widely used data structures. They appear as the primary search struct... | ods/latex/redblack.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.04 | false | false | 34,521 | -1 |
\chapter{Data Structures for Integers}
In this chapter, we return to the problem of implementing an #SSet#.
The difference now is that we assume the elements stored in the #SSet# are
#w#-bit integers. That is, we want to implement #add(x)#, #remove(x)#,
and #find(x)# where $#x#\in\{0,\ldots,2^{#w#}-1\}$. It is not t... | ods/latex/integers.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.077 | false | false | 25,256 | -1 |
\chapter{Partial Rebuilding}
In other chapters, we have seen structures that obtain their efficiency
through the use of \emph{global rebuilding}: Occasionally, the entire
structure is rebuilt in a ``balanced'' manner. The best example of
this are the array-based list implementations of \chapref{X}. In these
impleme... | ods/latex/rebuilding.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 1,377 | -1 |
\chapter{Scapegoat Trees}
\chaplabel{scapegoat}
In this chapter, we study a binary search tree data structure, the
#ScapegoatTree#. This structure is based on the common wisdom that,
when something goes wrong, the first thing people tend to do is find
someone to blame (the \emph{scapegoat}).
\index{scapegoat}%
Once b... | ods/latex/scapegoat.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.062 | false | false | 19,680 | -1 |
\chapter{Array-Based Lists}
\chaplabel{arrays}
In this chapter, we will study implementations of the #List# and #Queue#
interfaces where the underlying data is stored in an array, called the
\emph{backing array}.
\index{backing array}%
The following table summarizes the running times
of operations for the data structu... | ods/latex/arrays.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.064 | false | false | 49,910 | -1 |
\chapter{Random Binary Search Trees}
\chaplabel{rbs}
In this chapter, we present a binary search tree structure that uses
randomization to achieve $O(\log #n#)$ expected time for all operations.
\section{Random Binary Search Trees}
\seclabel{rbst}
Consider the two binary search trees shown in \figref{rbs-lvc}, each ... | ods/latex/rbs.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.028 | false | false | 31,172 | -1 |
\cpponly{
\chapter*{Preface to the C++ Edition}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Preface to the C++ Edition}
This book is intended to teach the design and analysis of basic data
structures and their implementation in an object-oriented language.
In this edition, the language happens to be C++.
This book is not intended... | ods/latex/cpp-preface.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0 | false | false | 1,020 | -1 |
\chapter{Linked Lists}
\chaplabel{linkedlists}
\index{linked list}%
In this chapter, we continue to study implementations of the #List#
interface, this time using pointer-based data structures rather than
arrays. The structures in this chapter are made up of nodes that
contain the list items. Using references (point... | ods/latex/linkedlists.tex | books | ods | ods | CC-BY-2.5-CA | CC-BY-2.5-CA | 9d22c44906dda2017b2ef0c762025bee644b58aa | doc | false | 0.039 | false | false | 33,648 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_terminate_context.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
The {cl_khr_terminate_context_EXT} extensi... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_terminate_context.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.372 | false | false | 1,803 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
[[opencl-platform-layer]]
= The OpenCL Platform Layer
This section describes the OpenCL platform layer which implements
platform-specific features that allow applications to query OpenCL devices,
device configuration information, and ... | opencl-spec/api/opencl_platform_layer.asciidoc#p0 | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.116 | false | false | 149,436 | -1 |
// Copyright 2021-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_external_semaphore_sync_fd.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2024-03-15
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Ajit Hakke-Patil, NVIDIA
- A... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_external_semaphore_sync_fd.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.388 | false | false | 1,681 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_throttle_hints.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
The {cl_khr_throttle_hints_EXT} extension add... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_throttle_hints.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.433 | false | false | 1,197 | -1 |
// Copyright 2016-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
= Acknowledgements
The OpenCL specification is the result of the contributions of many people,
representing a cross section of the desktop, hand-held, and embedded
computer industry.
Following is a partial list of the contributors, in... | opencl-spec/api/acknowledgements.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.009 | false | false | 5,720 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer_EXT} allows ... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_image2d_from_buffer.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.4 | false | false | 770 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_spirv_no_integer_wrap_decoration.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
`cl_khr_spirv_no_integer_wr... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_spirv_no_integer_wrap_decoration.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.333 | false | false | 788 | -1 |
// Copyright 2021-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_external_memory_win32.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2024-06-11
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Ajit Hakke-Patil, NVIDIA
- Amit R... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_external_memory_win32.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.396 | false | false | 1,888 | -1 |
// Copyright 2018-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_command_buffer_mutable_dispatch.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2025-08-08
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Ewan Crawford, Codeplay S... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_command_buffer_mutable_dispatch.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.282 | false | false | 14,574 | -1 |
// Copyright 2025-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_icd_unloadable.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2025-11-25
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_icd_unloadable_EXT} describes a platf... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_icd_unloadable.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.304 | false | false | 910 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
//@ TODO There are API elements (defines) to this, like DBL_RADIX, as well as OpenCL C
//@ TODO Most API elements appear to be in OpenCL 1.0 / OpenCL 1.2
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_fp64.txt[]
=== Other Extension Meta... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_fp64.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.455 | false | false | 882 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_async_work_group_copy_fence.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2021-11-10
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_async_work_group_copy_fe... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_async_work_group_copy_fence.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.421 | false | false | 758 | -1 |
// Copyright 2018-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_ext_image_from_buffer.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2025-01-15
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Kevin Petit, Arm Ltd.
- Jeremy Kemp, ... | opencl-spec/api/cl_ext_image_from_buffer.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.193 | false | false | 2,788 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_subgroups.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_subgroups_EXT} adds support for implementa... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_subgroups.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.371 | false | false | 1,491 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
[[opencl-runtime]]
= The OpenCL Runtime
In this section we describe the API calls that manage OpenCL objects such as
command-queues, memory objects, program objects, kernel objects for kernel
functions in a program and calls that allo... | opencl-spec/api/opencl_runtime_layer.asciidoc#p0 | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.252 | false | false | 149,598 | -1 |
* _command_buffer_ refers to a valid command-buffer object.
* _command_queue_ specifies the command-queue the command will be recorded to.
{empty} +
If the {cl_khr_command_buffer_multi_device_EXT} extension is not supported,
only a single command-queue is supported, and _command_queue_ must be
`NULL... | opencl-spec/api/opencl_runtime_layer.asciidoc#p5 | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.196 | false | false | 74,155 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
= Associated OpenCL Specifications
[[opencl-c-kernel-language]]
== The OpenCL C Kernel Language
The OpenCL C kernel language is defined in the OpenCL C unified
specification, which specifies all versions of OpenCL C.
When an OpenCL ... | opencl-spec/api/opencl_assoc_spec.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.083 | false | false | 1,236 | -1 |
// Copyright 2018-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_command_buffer_multi_device.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2024-12-13
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Ewan Crawford, Codeplay Softw... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_command_buffer_multi_device.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.162 | false | false | 11,676 | -1 |
// Copyright 2018-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_device_uuid.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-08-27
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_device_uuid_EXT} adds the ability to que... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_device_uuid.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.536 | false | false | 977 | -1 |
// Copyright 2020-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_subgroup_non_uniform_vote.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-12-15
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
[[extended-sub-groups]]
=== Descri... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_subgroup_non_uniform_vote.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.333 | false | false | 1,132 | -1 |
// Copyright 2016-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
[appendix]
= Portability
OpenCL is designed to be portable to other architectures and hardware
designs.
OpenCL has used at its core a C99 based programming language and follows
rules based on that heritage.
Floating-point arithmetic i... | opencl-spec/api/appendix_b.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.104 | false | false | 12,276 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
[appendix]
= Host environment and thread safety
[[shared-opencl-objects]]
== Shared OpenCL Objects
This section describes which objects can be shared across multiple
command-queues.
The command-queues can be created in one host threa... | opencl-spec/api/appendix_a.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.029 | false | false | 3,819 | -1 |
// Copyright 2018-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_extended_bit_ops.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2021-04-22
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_extended_bit_ops_EXT} adds built-in... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_extended_bit_ops.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.409 | false | false | 882 | -1 |
// Copyright 2021-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_external_memory.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2024-09-03
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Ajit Hakke-Patil, NVIDIA
- Amit Rao, NV... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_external_memory.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.529 | false | false | 10,925 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_il_program.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_il_program_EXT} adds the ability to creat... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_il_program.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.407 | false | false | 953 | -1 |
// Copyright 2024-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_ext_buffer_device_address.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2025-02-04
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Pekka Jääskeläinen, Intel +
- Kar... | opencl-spec/api/cl_ext_buffer_device_address.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.208 | false | false | 2,782 | -1 |
// Copyright 2017-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_int64_base_atomics.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-04-21
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_int64_base_atomics_EXT} adds buil... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_int64_base_atomics.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.353 | false | false | 674 | -1 |
// Copyright 2022-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_work_group_uniform_arithmetic.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2022-04-29
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
*Contributors*::
- Kevin Petit, Arm Ltd.
- B... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_work_group_uniform_arithmetic.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.351 | false | false | 1,505 | -1 |
// Copyright 2020-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
include::{generated}/meta/{refprefix}cl_khr_subgroup_shuffle.txt[]
=== Other Extension Metadata
*Last Modified Date*::
2020-12-15
*IP Status*::
No known IP claims.
=== Description
{cl_khr_subgroup_shuffle_EXT} adds built-in... | opencl-spec/api/cl_khr_subgroup_shuffle.asciidoc | books | opencl-spec | opencl-spec | CC-BY-4.0 | CC-BY-4.0 | 0027b7f1a5e97b1bf5256888757479e012a5cb59 | doc | false | 0.417 | false | false | 904 | -1 |
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