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20231101.en_47674289_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky%20Nichols
|
Nicky Nichols
|
Lyonne received an Emmy nomination for her role as Nichols. She lost out to fellow Orange Is the New Black actress Uzo Aduba.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674289_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky%20Nichols
|
Nicky Nichols
|
Text in this article was copied from Nicky Nichols at the Orange is the New Black wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674325_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil%20at%20the%20World%20Athletics%20Championships
|
Brazil at the World Athletics Championships
|
Brazil has participated in all the World Championships in Athletics since the beginning in 1983. Brazil is 53rd on the all time medal table. Brazil's first World Championships medal was a bronze medal won by Joaquim Cruz in the Men's 800 metres in 1983. Fabiana Murer won Brazil's first gold medal and the first woman's medal in the pole vault in 2011. Alison dos Santos was the first man to win a gold medal in the 400 metres hurdles in 2022. Claudinei Quirino has the most medals with three (one silver and two bronze).
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674326_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic%20Science%20International%3A%20Genetics
|
Forensic Science International: Genetics
|
Forensic Science International: Genetics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of forensic science, dedicated to the applications of genetics in the administration of justice. The journal was established in 2007 and is published by Elsevier. The journal is edited by Angel Carracedo (University of Santiago de Compostela). The journal publishes supplements in Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series since 2008, seven of them in total, the last one appearing in 2019. These are dedicated to publish the proceedings of the biannual congresses of the International Society for Forensic Genetics.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674337_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryn%20James
|
Caryn James
|
She grew up in Providence, Rhode Island, and obtained her doctorate in English literature at Brown University. She began working as a freelance journalist at The New York Times; Newsday; TV Guide; and Vogue. She finally landed a three-week temporary position at The New York Times Book Review and later became a permanent staff member.
|
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41
] |
20231101.en_47674337_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryn%20James
|
Caryn James
|
She moved to the daily newspaper, as a cultural reporter. In 1995, she began working as a television critic and in 1997, James was named by the Times as its first chief television critic. A year later, she published her first novel, Glorie, to good reviews.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674337_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryn%20James
|
Caryn James
|
In 2006, she published her second novel, What Caroline Knew: A Novel, and by 2010, had left the Times, returning to film critiques. She then began working at Marie Claire magazine while also doing freelance work. The following year, James began working with IndieWire in a division created for her James on Screens. She writes for The Wall Street Journal and The Hollywood Reporter, and is an adjunct professor in film studies at Columbia University.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
Elieshi Lema (born 1949) is a Tanzanian writer and publisher, also active in Tanzania's civil society.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
Lema was born and raised in the village of Nronga in Moshi District of Kilimanjaro Region. She studied library science and worked at the national library. She continued her education by studying English literature at the University of Dar es Salaam and creative writing at San Francisco State University.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
Lema began writing poetry and then children's books in Swahili. Her short story Mwendo dealt with cultural practices harmful to the girl child in Tanzania. In 2001, she wrote her first novel titled Parched Earth in English. This novel has been translated into Swedish and French and received honourable mention for the Noma Award for Publishing in Africa. Another of her books for young adults in English, called In the Belly of Dar es Salaam, was on the shortlist for the Burt Award for African Literature.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
As a co-editor, she also published works by Tanzania's first president Julius Nyerere, titled Nyerere on Education: Selected Essays and Speeches.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
Lema is co-owner of the publishing house E&D Vision Publishing, which also operates a book café in Dar es Salaam. E&D Vision Publishing mainly has published children's books, textbooks and titles about African history, both in Swahili as well as in English. In 1998, they published the first booklet for young readers on the history of the Dinosaurs of Tendaguru, which also became known as recommended reading in Kenyan schools.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
Both as a writer of young adult literature as well as a publisher and educator, Lema has focussed on books for children as the basis for a publishing industry in her country. She is also a founding director for the Tanzania Cultural Trust Fund. Further, she has served on the board for the African Publishers Network, Haki Elimu, the Tanzania Gender Networking Programme, the Tanzania Media Fund and on the executive board for the Publishers Association of Tanzania, as well as the Children's Book Network.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
In an interview about her experience about the challenges of building a sustainable reading culture in East Africa, she said:
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
The Future of African Indigenous Publishing: Report of the Dag Hammarskjold Foundation Seminar Held at Arusha, Tanzania , March 25th-28th 1996.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674338_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elieshi%20Lema
|
Elieshi Lema
|
with I.M Omari and Rakesh Rajani: Nyerere on Education: Selected Essays and Speeches. Dar es Salaam: Haki Elimu, 2006
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674345_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Shakuro
|
Pavel Shakuro
|
Pavel Yevgenyevich Shakuro (; born 25 July 1997) is a Russian football player. He plays for FC Volgar Astrakhan.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674345_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Shakuro
|
Pavel Shakuro
|
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Tyumen on 30 August 2015 in a game against FC Zenit-2 St. Petersburg.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674345_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Shakuro
|
Pavel Shakuro
|
On 21 June 2019 he signed with Russian Premier League club PFC Sochi. He made his Russian Premier League debut for Sochi on 10 November 2019 in a game against PFC CSKA Moscow, substituting Elmir Nabiullin in the 60th minute. On 30 July 2020, he joined FC Irtysh Omsk on loan for the 2020–21 season.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
Edward Charles "Ed" Posner (August 10, 1933 – June 15, 1993) was an American information theorist and neural network researcher who became chief technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and founded the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
Posner was born on August 10, 1933, in Brooklyn, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1950; at Stuyvesant, one of his close friends was mathematician Paul Cohen.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
He took only two years to complete his undergraduate studies in physics at the University of Chicago, graduating in 1952, and he then switched to mathematics for a master's degree in 1953 and a PhD in 1957. While a graduate student, he also visited Bell Labs, and later claimed that he had been assigned to the desk there that had formerly been Harry Nyquist's. His doctoral thesis, supervised by Irving Kaplansky, was on the subject of ring theory and entitled Differentiably Simple Rings; at only 26 pages long, it held the record for the shortest doctoral thesis at the university.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
After finishing his studies, he became a mathematics instructor at the University of Wisconsin and then an assistant professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College. In 1961, Solomon W. Golomb hired him to lead the Information Processing Group at JPL. He led the group for 10 years and then, after a sequence of positions in higher management, he became chief technologist in JPL's Office of Telecommunications and Data Acquisition in 1982. He also held lecturer and visiting faculty positions in the applied mathematics and electrical engineering departments of the California Institute of Technology beginning in 1970.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
In ring theory, Posner is the namesake of Posner's theorem, stating that certain tensor products of algebras with the fields of fractions of their centers are central simple algebras.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
Posner's research in information theory and coding theory was applied in the design of the NASA Deep Space Network, used for the communications between spacecraft and their base stations on Earth. He also studied communications networks and cellular telephone switching systems, and was an advocate for basic research in the US space program.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674352_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Posner
|
Ed Posner
|
Beginning in the early 1980s, Posner founded the study of neural networks at JPL and Caltech, and helped create the interdisciplinary graduate program in Computation and Neural Systems at Caltech. He also helped found the annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, served as general chair of the first conference in 1987, and chaired its oversight body, the NIPS Foundation.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
A whisk is a cooking utensil which can be used to blend ingredients smooth or to incorporate air into a mixture, in a process known as whisking or whipping. Most whisks consist of a long, narrow handle with a series of wire loops joined at the end. The loops can have different shapes depending on a whisk's intended functions. The wires are usually metal, but some are plastic for use with nonstick cookware. Whisks are also made from bamboo.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
Whisks are commonly used to whip egg whites into a firm foam to make meringue, or to whip cream into whipped cream.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
Bundles of twigs, typically apple, have long been used as whisks; often the wood used would lend a certain fragrance to the dish. An 18th-century Shaker recipe calls to "Cut a handful of peach twigs which are filled with sap at this season of the year. Clip the ends and bruise them and beat the cake batter with them. This will impart a delicate peach flavor to the cake."
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
The bamboo whisk or was invented in the late 15th century by Murata Jukō, who commissioned its production by Takayama Minbunojo Nyudo Sosetsu. were presented to Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. The process of producing was kept secret and passed on by patrilineally by family craftsmen for hundreds of years.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
In the United States, cranked rotary egg beaters became more popular than whisks in the 20th century. Julia Child is credited with re-introducing the wire whisk in her first ever televised appearance, in 1963.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674367_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk
|
Whisk
|
Since the 19th century, various mechanical devices have been designed to make whisking more efficient, under the names "egg beater", "rotary mixer", etc.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674373_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Pavlov
|
Stefan Pavlov
|
Stefan Pavlov (; born 26 May 1945 in Godech) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as а midfielder.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674388_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boletus%20gansuensis
|
Boletus gansuensis
|
Boletus gansuensis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in China, where it grows in association with Himalayan birch (Betula utilis), it was described as new to science in 2003. The fruitbodies of the fungus have red caps, pinkish-red pores on the cap underside, and a somewhat furfuraceous stipe (i.e., covered in scaly, branlike particles). The specific epithet refers to the type locality in Gansu Province, China. Similar species include the European Suillellus queletii, and the North American and Asian Boletus subvelutipes.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674401_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban was a cycling race held in Russia in 2009 and 2015, the latter being held as part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. Both editions were won by Russia's Dmitry Samokhvalov.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674401_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
In 2009, due to preparations for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the multi-day Grand Prix Sochi race was canceled. Instead, another multi-day race was held at the end of April across the territory of Krasnodar Krai as part of the national calendar
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674401_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
A year later, the Grand Prix Sochi was resumed but from 2011 to 2014, it took place in Krasnodar Krai along a modified route without directly visiting Sochi
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674401_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
In 2015, the Grand Prix Sochi returned to its familiar route in Greater Sochi. Based on its races over the past four years, it was decided to organize independent races. One of them was the Tour of Kuban, which immediately entered the UCI European Tour calendar with a category 2.2.
|
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22,
-30,
64,
7
] |
20231101.en_47674401_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
The race took place in early April immediately after another newly created race, Krasnodar-Anapa. It consisted of a prologue and three stages, with the route passing through Anapa, Novorossiysk, Novomikhailovsky, Nebug, Tuapse, and Krasnodar. The total distance covered was 440 km
|
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26,
44
] |
20231101.en_47674401_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20of%20Kuban
|
Tour of Kuban
|
In both mentioned races (in 2009 and 2015), Dmitry Samokhvalov celebrated victory, with his twin brother Anton Samokhvalov being one of the prize winners
|
[
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] |
20231101.en_47674432_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20By%20Gossip%20with%20Wendy%20Williams
|
Death By Gossip with Wendy Williams
|
Death By Gossip with Wendy Williams is an American documentary television series on Investigation Discovery which aired in 2015. Announced in March 2015, the series features crime stories which are initiated by gossip and subsequently became motive for unfaithfulness or even murder. The documentary series is presented by talk show host Wendy Williams.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674432_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20By%20Gossip%20with%20Wendy%20Williams
|
Death By Gossip with Wendy Williams
|
"Everyone loves a little dish now and then, but in these cases, guilty pleasure can become motive for murder," said Williams, who also acts as an executive producer. "I’m an ID Addict and I dare anyone not to be intrigued by the real-life stories we tell every week," she also added.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674443_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jernberg
|
Michael Jernberg
|
Jernberg made his debut in the European Rallycross Championship (ERX) in 1991, driving an ex-Stig Blomqvist Ford Sierra RS 500 Cosworth in Division 1, finishing fifth overall. He improved to third overall in 1992, winning the last round at Estering, Germany. In 1993 he switched to the more prestigious Division 2, driving a Ford Escort RS Cosworth, finishing eleventh in his first season. Over the next sixteen years he challenged for the title, but the closest him came was second overall in 2004, 2005 and 2009. He ended his long association with Ford after the 2007 ERX season and used cars from Škoda until his retirement.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674443_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jernberg
|
Michael Jernberg
|
Despite the lack of title success in Europe, he managed to win the Swedish Rallycross Championship in 1995, 1998 and 2001.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674443_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jernberg
|
Michael Jernberg
|
He took part in the inaugural season of the Global RallyCross Championship (GRC) in 2011, finishing fourth overall in the AWD class.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674443_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jernberg
|
Michael Jernberg
|
He retired after the 2011 GRC season and in 2014 he became team principal of Larsson Jernberg Motorsport (LJM). LJM currently runs an Audi A1 for Robin Larsson in the FIA World Rallycross Championship.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674443_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jernberg
|
Michael Jernberg
|
PublicationsMichael Jernberg – Jakten på EM-guldet'', by Michael Jernberg & Morgan Björk, 176 pages, Swedish language,
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Angie Fisher (born March 6, ?) is an American rhythm and blues singer from California. She began her career with a touring children's choir, then spent several years as a background singer for numerous headline acts.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Fisher released a solo album in 2004. Her first single, "I.R.S.", was released nearly ten years later. "I.R.S." received heavy airplay on a Los Angeles radio station ahead of its official release in August 2014; it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance in 2015 while her accompanying album was still in progress.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Angie Fisher first showed her singing talent at age four while sitting in a closet, trying on a pair of her mother's shoes; from there, she began singing in church. Fisher started her professional career at age 14 as part of All God's Children, a touring children's choir put together by Lou Adler. Fisher spent three years with the choir, which required that her parents sign release forms. Later, she worked as a session singer for artists including Michael Bublé, Celine Dion, Michael Jackson and Robin Thicke. Her performances have included tours with Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Chaka Khan and Jennifer Lopez.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Fisher was working for Bank of America when she chose to sing a gospel song during an employee game day. The following day, her boss threatened to fire her if she didn't quit and pursue a music career. She then called some contacts she'd already made in the music business and told them she was ready to pursue music full-time.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Fisher released one album through Innersoul Records in 2004. Clef Notes features seven audio tracks and one "bonus video".
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Her first single, "I.R.S.", is about "the struggles of life and the things that people go through on a daily basis"; it was released to iTunes in August 2014. KJLH in Los Angeles had begun playing the song nearly two months earlier, after Fisher's manager sent the recording for the station's Music Sessions event. Fisher said "I.R.S." was the station's top-requested song by the end of June 2015. "I think people are embracing it because I’m speaking from a place of emotion."
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Her album Searching for Angie Fisher was set for release in 2016 via Hidden Beach Recordings. Along with "I.R.S.", Hidden Beach has released two digital tracks, "Hide & Seek" and "Summertime". A fourth song, "The Roof" featuring B.Slade, was released through SoundCloud.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
"I.R.S." was nominated in January 2015 for Best Traditional R&B Performance at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. Fisher found out via an Instagram message offering congratulations. She verified the nomination by visiting the Grammys website and “busted out in tears. ... It was an overwhelming feeling and they were tears of joy and happiness.” The award ultimately went to "Jesus Children" by Robert Glasper Experiment. Fisher was a featured performer during the afternoon Premiere Ceremony ahead of the awards telecast.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674448_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie%20Fisher
|
Angie Fisher
|
Fisher is a native of Pasadena, California. She counts Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye and Patti LaBelle among her childhood influences.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674457_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri () or Old Trikeri, also known as Trikeri Island, is a small island in the Pagasitic Gulf off the end of the Pelion peninsula in Thessaly, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Trikeri within the municipality of South Pelion. In the 2001 census it was reported to have a population of 87, but the year-round population has been estimated at 15. The island has an area of about There are no cars or roads on the island. In antiquity, the island was called Cicynethus (). Ancient Kikynethos formed as polis (city-state) of Magnesia, ancient Thessaly.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674457_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
In June 1913, at the end of the Second Balkan War, Greek authorities turned the almost uninhabited island into a camp for Bulgarian prisoners of war. An International Commission sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment was sent to inspect the conditions, but the local guards turned it back under the excuse that there was a cholera epidemic.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674457_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
On 9 October 1913, the Bulgarian ships Varna, Boris and Bulgaria arrived to Old Trikeri to take the prisoners back. Varna and Boris left the next day with a total of 2,462 Bulgarian ex-prisoner soldiers and 43 officers. On 12 October, all three ships arrived to Varna with a total number of 3,440 ex-prisoner soldiers, 40 officers, 14 Bulgarian ex-telegraphists from Thessaloniki and 8 Bulgarian ex-railway workers.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674457_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
On 15 October, Bulgarian newspapers "Пряпорец" and "Воля" wrote that, with the first group liberated from Greece, there were 3,281–3,388 soldiers and lower officers and 64 officers. Most likely, some died during the journey from Greece to Bulgaria. On 18 November 1913 there came another group of 1,347 prisoners, including 3 officers.
|
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17
] |
20231101.en_47674457_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
Officially, there were 5,330 Bulgarian war prisoners during the Second Balkan War in Greece, many of them located in other parts of Greece, and some arrested komitadjis, whose number is unknown. According to Greek reports from September 1913, there also were 870 Bulgarian civilians – meaning komitadjis. At the same time, Bulgaria was seeking 4,910 war prisoners from Greece. In 1914, according to Greek statistics, there were a total of 7,000 Bulgarian prisoners on Old Trikeri. According to the Bulgarian list of Bulgarian prisoners, 254 Bulgarian prisoners were lost, while according to the Greek list of Bulgarian prisoners, 297 Bulgarian prisoners were lost. Some of these men were probably lost at Old Trikeri.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674457_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo%20Trikeri
|
Paleo Trikeri
|
Starting in 1946, the island was used as a concentration camp. The first to arrive after a decision by the Minister for National Security, Napoleon Zervas, were male communist political prisoners. The men were mostly from the districts of Epirus and Thessaly and participated in the EAM-ELAS, a resistance movement during WWII and the occupation period of Greece by Italian, German and Bulgarian military forces. Later in 1947, the men were relocated to other concentration camps and the camp was used for female pro-Communist political prisoners during the Greek Civil War. The women and their children were themselves members of the EAM-ELAS and/or relatives of members of the EAM-ELAS. In September 1949, political activists from other camps were sent to Old Trikeri, increasing the number of people held there to 4,700.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Laia Costa Bertrán (; born 18 February 1985) is a Spanish actress who has worked in Spain, Russia, Germany, Argentina, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. Costa has won several accolades, including a Goya Award and a German Film Award, in addition to nominations for a British Academy Film Award and a European Film Award.
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20231101.en_47674475_1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa earned a degree in advertising, public relations and marketing, as well as a PhD in communication and international relations, before starting her acting career at the age of 26. Following initial appearances in minor television roles in Spain, she achieved international recognition through her portrayal of the titular character in the critically acclaimed one-shot German thriller Victoria (2015). Her performance earned her the Best Actress in a Leading Role at the German Film Awards 2015, making her the first foreign and only Spanish actress to secure a Lola. Costa later starred in the romantic dramas Newness (2017) and Only You (2018), the horror thriller Piercing (2018), and the romantic comedy Duck Butter (2018).
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa took the lead in HBO Spain's eight-episode romance series Foodie Love (2019), which led to her reception a Feroz Award nomination. She was also part of the cast in the first season of the financial drama Devils (2020). Also in 2020, she made an appearance in the science fiction television anthology series Soulmates. Costa garnered widespread acclaim for her portrayal of Amaia, a new mother in Alauda Ruiz de Azúa's Lullaby (2022). This performance earned her the top accolades of the season, including a Goya Award, a Feroz Award, a Forqué Award, and a Platino Award, as well as receiving a nomination for a CEC Award.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa was born on 18 February 1985 in Barcelona, Spain, to José María Costa, an accountant, and manager of the Niza dance hall, and Cristina Bertrán, one of Barcelona's first female taxi drivers. She grew up in Horta. The eldest daughter of a family of two girls, her younger sister is Noemí Costa, also an actress and architect but currently dedicated to art direction.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa considers her foray into acting as an accident, since she never considered becoming an actress when she was growing up in Spain, she affirms that she had no role models and when she had to decide which profession to study, acting was not valued as a possibility. She played basketball from a young age for 17 years, playing for the Hispano Francés sports club at the point guard position. Regarding her experience in sports, Costa recalls "it has given me many values that I have not found elsewhere, at least not in such a pure form. Teamwork, to begin with."
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
She obtained a degree in advertising, public relations, and marketing at the Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University's School of Communication and International Relations. After graduating, Costa worked for marketing agencies as an account executive at Mr. John Sample without set hours and later for a German company with strict ins and outs. Because of this, she had more free time and decided to take theatre classes with her sister at the Nancy Tuñón School in Barcelona.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa took different acting courses and eventually took casting director Luci Lenox's Acting in English course at the Frank Stien Studio for two years. She speaks fluent Catalan, Spanish, French, and English.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa starred in the music video for Portrait's song "Today Is the Day." She made her television debut as Inés Flores in the 2011 daily television series Bandolera, followed by an episodic appearance in the 2012 historical drama television series Toledo. That same year, she made her film debut as a background 'Chica Serpiente' in the drama film I Want You.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
The following year, Costa starred as Rym, a girl with breast cancer, who becomes the roommate of Lleó, portrayed by Àlex Monner, in the second season of the television show Polseres vermelles, winner of the International Emmy Award for Best Kids TV Series, adapted by Steven Spielberg for North America as Red Band Society; and in La Bien Querida's music video for her song "Arenas Movedizas". On stage, later that year, she was cast as Maria Kapravof in her first professional play, Atraco, paliza y muerte en Agbanäspach by Nao Albet and Marcel Borràs at the Teatre Nacional de Catalunya. For the role, Costa, whose text was entirely written in German, learned it by heart. Nuvol remarked, "It's surprising how Laia Costa's conviction as a somewhat hipster-esque femme fatale, plays her role entirely in German". This led to a role as Claudia in the short film Y otro año, perdices, and as Alba in the period drama television series The Time in Between.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
In 2014, she played as Luna in the short film Razones. She also starred in Yuriy Moroz's adventure and fantasy film Fort Ross. This was Costa's first international credit in a production. The same year, Costa played Calda in the special reading of Magdalena Barile's Llum o de les potencialitats lluminoses del cos humà at the Festival Grec de Barcelona, and starred in the anthology television series Cuéntame un cuento in a twisted remake of the traditional fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa starred as the titular character in Victoria, a crime thriller film directed by Sebastian Schipper, which was almost entirely improvised by the actors; the 134-minute film was shot in a single take. It premiered at the 2015 Berlin International Film Festival to critical acclaim. The role represented her breakthrough, with The New York Times including her in 2015’s "Breakthrough Performances of the Fall Season". The Observer stated "Costa gives a terrific, affecting and, by the end, intensely unsettling performance." In relation to the acting rules during the shooting, Costa was given instructions by Schipper stating, "You cannot repeat the same action, ever. You have to go through the scene, but always in different ways. Even if it is no good. Never, never repeat a sentence, an action. Keep it real." This rule led her to discover the character in a deeper way, blending different versions by the end of the process. She won the German Film Award for Best Actress, the Gaudí Award for Best Female Lead, the Sant Jordi Award for Best Actress in a Foreign Film, and was nominated for a European Film Award for Best European Actress. Her next proyects that year were Cites, the Catalan remake of the British TV series Dates, the historical fiction television series Carlos, rey emperador where she portrayed Mary of Austria, and the period melodrama Habitaciones cerradas, based on Care Santos's novel of the same name. Costa held the lead role in the short film No me quites as Laura, who eagerly waits at her house for her ex-boyfriend Luis to return after a two-month absence. Laura Jou, director of the short film, came across Costa during one of her studio courses and was profoundly struck. When speaking about the actress, she remarked, "She had naturalness but also an overwhelming magnetism." Her portrayal earned her the Best Actress in a Short Film at the 19th Málaga Film Festival. In her final performance of 2015, Costa played a minor role in Fernando González Molina's romantic drama Palm Trees in the Snow.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
In 2016, she starred opposite Jean Reno in Estrella Damm's short film titled The Little Things. During the filming of the project, Reno highlighted Costa's acting qualities, stating "I really like what you do, I don't know if it's talent or hard work, but I don't mind." Her next film the following year was Martín Hodara's Argentine–Spanish thriller Black Snow. It co-starred Ricardo Darín and Leonardo Sbaraglia. The film premiered theatrically in Argentina on 19 January 2017. Her second release in 2017 was Drake Doremus's romantic drama Newness, in which she starred alongside Nicholas Hoult. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. In February 2017, Costa was nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa starred in five feature films in 2018. She co-starred alongside Christopher Abbott and Mia Wasikowska in Nicolas Pesce's psychological horror-thriller Piercing, based on the novel of the same name by Ryū Murakami; it premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. In the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival, she starred in two films that premiered there: Miguel Arteta's romantic comedy Duck Butter alongside Alia Shawkat, and Matthew Brown's drama Maine, opposite Thomas Mann. Additionally, Costa held the role of executive producer for the latter film. Later that year, she was part of an ensemble cast in Dan Fogelman's drama film Life Itself with Sergio Peris-Mencheta and Antonio Banderas. It premiered at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival. Costa starred opposite Josh O'Connor in Harry Wootliff's critically acclaimed directorial debut Only You. She portrayed Elena, a Spanish arts council worker who falls in love with a student who is almost a decade younger, only for the relationship to founder as the couple faces infertility issues. It premiered in competition at the BFI London Film Festival, on 19 October 2018; Mark Kermode called her performance "flawless".
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
In April 2019, it was announced that Costa had been cast alongside Guillermo Pfening in Isabel Coixet's Foodie Love series for HBO Europe. She then filmed the international co-produced Italian English language television series released in 2020 Devils co-starring along Patrick Dempsey based on the international bestseller novel of the same name by Guido Maria Brera. That same year, Costa starred alongside an ensemble cast in the American science fiction television anthology series Soulmates, in the third episode of the first season titled "Little Adventures", directed by Marco Kreuzpaintner and written by Jessica Knappett and Brett Goldstein & William Bridges.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa returned to the Berlinale to premiere Lullaby by Alauda Ruiz de Azúa, which premiered in the Panorama section on 11 February 2022. Subsequently, the film premiered at the 25th Málaga Film Festival on 20 March 2022, where it was the grand winner of the edition with the Golden Biznaga for Best Spanish Film, the Silver Biznaga for Best Screenplay, and the Silver Biznaga for Best Female Performance for Costa and Susi Sánchez. She received the script for Lullaby during her third month of pregnancy in 2019, and the exploration of motherhood and caregiving in the film resonated with her personal experiences. As Costa expressed herself to Vanity Fair Spain:
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Filming while going through her own early motherhood journey provided an authentic connection with her character, Costa learned to convey emotions subtly in the film, appreciating the depth of caregiving as an act of love. Despite the physical challenges, the close-knit cast and Ruiz de Azúa's direction made the experience enriching. The key lesson Costa took away was to trust her intuition and embrace projects aligned with her stage of life, finding personal satisfaction beyond external outcomes. For her performance as Amaia, a new mother, Costa won accolades including the Goya Award for Best Actress, the Feroz Award for Best Main Actress in a Film, the Forqué Award for Best Film Actress, the Platino Award for Best Actress, and received a CEC Awards nomination for Best Actress.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa was also part of an ensemble cast in Alibi's British political thriller series The Diplomat, which premiered on 28 February 2023. She then starred in the Spanish film The Enchanted by Elena Trapé, which premiered as part of the official section of the 26th Málaga Film Festival on March 12, 2023 and was released in theaters in Spain on June 2, 2023. Costa also starred in the revival of the Catalan romantic drama TV series titled Cites Barcelona, reprising the role of Paula after 7 years. The series premiered on June 13th on the streaming service Amazon Prime Video.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
She took on the lead role in the film adaptation of Sara Mesa's novel, Un amor, directed by Isabel Coixet. The film debuted at the 71st San Sebastián International Film Festival on 26 September 2023, part of the official competition selection. Following its festival premiere, the film is slated for a theatrical release in Spain on 10 November 2023. Costa also played the character of Moghedien, one of the Forsaken, in Amazon Video's adaptation of Robert Jordan's fantasy epic, The Wheel of Time. Her initial appearance was in the second season's finale, which aired on October 6, 2023. Additionally, she co-starred in the Spanish historical drama The Teacher Who Promised the Sea by Patricia Font, which had its global premiere on October 27, 2023, at the 68th Valladolid International Film Festival. The film is also scheduled for theatrical release on November 10, 2023, in Spain.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674475_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laia%20Costa
|
Laia Costa
|
Costa relocated, for six years, from Barcelona, to Brickell, the financial district of Miami, Florida, with her husband, David López, due to a job position, in a multinational retail company. She met him during her university years. In May 2020, Costa gave birth to her first child at home.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674476_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosswords%20%28EP%29
|
Crosswords (EP)
|
Crosswords is the second extended play album by American recording artist Panda Bear. It was released on August 20, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. This release features an updated audio mix of the track "Crosswords" from the version on his fifth studio album Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper. The other 4 tracks on the release were not included on Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper, however, an earlier version of "The Preakness" appears on Animal Collective's 2011 EP Keep + Animal Collective and the deluxe edition of Panda Bear album Tomboy.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674514_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamoine%20Hotel
|
Lamoine Hotel
|
The Lamoine Hotel is a historic hotel located at 201 North Randolph Street in Macomb, Illinois. The hotel was built in 1926-27 to be the city's first large modern hotel, a necessity for a city with a busy railroad station and a state university. Architects F.E. Berger and R.L. Kelley of Champaign designed the Classical Revival building; it is the tallest building in downtown Macomb and the most prominent Classical Revival building in the city. In addition to hosting visitors to Macomb, the hotel housed several local businesses and hosted community meetings and the Macomb Chamber of Commerce. The hotel was the city's preferred hotel and community meeting place until the 1950s, when the automobile's rise took away the railroad traffic which gave the hotel much of its business. The hotel became an apartment hotel and ultimately closed for good in the following decades; the Macomb Journal later moved into the building's ground floor.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674520_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A500%20autoroute
|
A500 autoroute
|
The A500 autoroute, also known as "Bretelle de Monaco", is a 2 km motorway, departing from A8 near Monaco exchange and arriving to the Moyenne Corniche near Cap d'Ail via monotube tunnel.
|
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9
] |
20231101.en_47674551_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lord%20%28cricketer%29
|
William Lord (cricketer)
|
William Alston Lord (8 August 1873 – 16 June 1906) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket in 13 matches for Warwickshire between 1897 and 1899. He was born at Washwood Heath in Birmingham and died at Erdington, also in Birmingham.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674551_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lord%20%28cricketer%29
|
William Lord (cricketer)
|
Lord was a left-handed tail-end batsman and a left-arm fast medium bowler. He played fairly regularly for Warwickshire at the end of the 1897 season and the start of 1898, but had limited impact. He took five wickets in an innings once, with five for 65 in the match against Gloucestershire in 1897. He reappeared in a single match in 1899 but then disappeared from first-class cricket.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
The history of slavery in the Muslim world began with institutions inherited from pre-Islamic Arabia. The practices of keeping slaves in the Muslim world nevertheless developed in radically different ways in different Muslim states based on a range of social-political factors, as well as the more immediate economic and logistical considerations of the Arab slave trade. As a general principle, Islam encouraged the manumission of Muslim slaves as a way of expiating sins, and many early converts to Islam, such as Bilal, were former slaves. However, Islam never banned the practice, and it persisted as an important institution in the Muslim world through to the modern era.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Throughout Muslim history, slaves served in various social and economic roles, from powerful emirs to harshly treated manual laborers. Slaves were widely employed in irrigation, mining, and animal husbandry, but most commonly as soldiers, guards, domestic workers, concubines (sex slaves). The use of slaves for hard physical labor early on in Muslim history led to several destructive slave revolts, the most notable being the Zanj Rebellion of 869–883, and led to the end of the practice. Many rulers also used slaves in the military and administration to such an extent that slaves could seize power, as did the Mamluks.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Most slaves were imported from outside the Muslim world. Slavery in Islamic law does not have a racial foundation in principle, although this was not always the case in practise. The Arab slave trade was most active in West Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Africa, and rough estimates place the number of black Africans enslaved in the twelve centuries prior to the 20th century at between 11.5 million to 15 million. The Ottoman slave trade came from raids into eastern and central Europe and the Caucasus, while slave traders from the Barbary Coast raided the Mediterranean coasts of Europe and as far afield as the British Isles and Iceland.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
In the early 20th century, the authorities in Muslim states gradually outlawed and suppressed slavery, largely due to pressure exerted by Western nations such as Britain and France. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was abolished in 1924 when the new Turkish Constitution disbanded the Imperial Harem and made the last concubines and eunuchs free citizens of the newly proclaimed republic. Slavery in Iran was abolished in 1929. In the Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia and Yemen abolished it in 1962, while Oman followed in 1970. Mauritania became the last state to abolish slavery, in 1981. In 1990 the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam declared that "no one has the right to enslave" another human being. As of 2001, however, instances of modern slavery persisted in areas of the Sahel, and several 21st-century terroristic jihadist groups have attempted to use historic slavery in the Muslim world as a pretext for reviving slavery in the 21st century.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Scholars point to the various difficulties in studying this amorphous phenomenon which occurs over a large geographic region (between East Africa and the Near East), a lengthy period of history (from the seventh century to the present day), and which only received greater attention after the aboliton of the Atlantic slave trade. The terms "Arab slave trade" and "Islamic slave trade" (and other similar terms) are invariably used to refer to this phenomenon.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Slavery was widely practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia, as well as in the rest of the ancient and early medieval world. The minority were European and Caucasus slaves of foreign extraction, likely brought in by Arab caravaners (or the product of Bedouin captures) stretching back to biblical times. Native Arab slaves had also existed, a prime example being Zayd ibn Harithah, later to become Muhammad's adopted son. Arab slaves, however, usually obtained as captives, were generally ransomed off amongst nomad tribes. The slave population increased by the custom of child abandonment (see also infanticide), and by the kidnapping or sale of small children. Whether enslavement for debt or the sale of children by their families was common is disputed. (historian Henri Brunschvig argues it was rare, but according to Jonathan E. Brockopp, debt slavery was persistent.) Free persons could sell their offspring, or even themselves, into slavery. Enslavement was also possible as a consequence of committing certain offenses against the law, as in the Roman Empire.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Two classes of slave existed: a purchased slave, and a slave born in the master's home. Over the latter, the master had complete rights of ownership, though these slaves were unlikely to be sold or disposed of by the master. Female slaves were at times forced into prostitution for the benefit of their masters, in accordance with Near Eastern customs.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
W. Montgomery Watt points out that Muhammad's expansion of Pax Islamica to the Arabian peninsula reduced warfare and raiding, and therefore cut off the basis for enslaving freemen. According to Patrick Manning, Islamic legislations against abuse of slaves limited the extent of enslavement in the Arabian peninsula and, to a lesser degree, for the area of the entire Umayyad Caliphate, where slavery had existed since the most ancient times.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
According to Bernard Lewis, the growth of internal slave populations through natural increase was insufficient to maintain slave numbers through to modern times, which contrasts markedly with rapidly rising slave populations in the New World. This was due to a number of factor including liberation of the children born by slave mothers, liberation of slaves as an act of piety, liberation of military slaves who rose through the ranks, and restrictions on procreation, since casual sex and marriage was discouraged among the menial, domestic, and manual worker slaves.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
A fair proportion of male slaves were also imported as eunuchs. Levy states that according to the Quran and Islamic traditions, such emasculation was objectionable. Some jurists such as al-Baydawi considered castration to be mutilation, stipulating laws to prevent it. However, in practice, emasculation was frequent. In eighteenth-century Mecca, the majority of eunuchs were in the service of the mosques.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
There were also high death tolls among all classes of slaves. Slaves usually came from remote places and, lacking immunities, died in large numbers. Segal notes that the recently enslaved, weakened by their initial captivity and debilitating journey, would have been easy victims of an unfamiliar climate and infection. Children were especially at risk, and the Islamic market demand for children was much greater than the American one. Many black slaves lived in conditions conducive to malnutrition and disease, with effects on their own life expectancy, the fertility of women, and the infant mortality rate. As late as the 19th century, Western travellers in North Africa and Egypt noted the high death rate among imported black slaves.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Another factor was the Zanj Rebellion against the plantation economy of ninth-century southern Iraq. Due to fears of a similar uprising among slave gangs occurring elsewhere, Muslims came to realize that large concentrations of slaves were not a suitable organization of labour and that slaves were best employed in smaller concentrations. As such, large-scale employment of slaves for manual labour became the exception rather than the norm, and the medieval Islamic world did not need to import vast numbers of slaves.
|
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62
] |
20231101.en_47674564_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
Bernard Lewis writes: "In one of the sad paradoxes of human history, it was the humanitarian reforms brought by Islam that resulted in a vast development of the slave trade inside, and still more outside, the Islamic empire." He notes that the Islamic injunctions against the enslavement of Muslims led to the massive importation of slaves from the outside. According to Patrick Manning, Islam by recognizing and codifying slavery seems to have done more to protect and expand slavery than the reverse.
|
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] |
20231101.en_47674564_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20slavery%20in%20the%20Muslim%20world
|
History of slavery in the Muslim world
|
The 'Arab' slave trade was part of the broader 'Islamic' slave trade. Bernard Lewis writes that "polytheists and idolaters were seen primarily as sources of slaves, to be imported into the Islamic world and molded-in Islamic ways, and, since they possessed no religion of their own worth the mention, as natural recruits for Islam." Patrick Manning states that religion was hardly the point of this slavery. Also, this term suggests comparison between Islamic slave trade and Christian slave trade. Propagators of Islam in Africa often revealed a cautious attitude towards proselytizing because of its effect in reducing the potential reservoir of slaves.
|
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