id stringlengths 1 4 | query stringlengths 11 129 | positives listlengths 1 1 | negatives listlengths 20 20 |
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1 | When was quantum field theory developed? | [
{
"id": "25267#12",
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"text": "Quantum field theory naturally began with the study of electromagnetic interactions, as the electromagnetic field was the only known classical field as of the 1920s.[8]:1"
}
] | [
{
"id": "25267#4",
"score": 0.761764407157898,
"text": "Quantum field theory is the result of the combination of classical field theory, quantum mechanics, and special relativity.[1]:xi A brief overview of these theoretical precursors is in order.",
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},
{
"id": "25202#40",
... |
2 | Does plastic decompose at all? | [
{
"id": "6104177#0",
"score": 0.7020542025566101,
"text": "Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually bacteria.[1]"
}
] | [
{
"id": "26145195#52",
"score": 0.7078714966773987,
"text": "Some polymers may also decompose into the monomers or other toxic substances when heated. In 2011, it was reported that \"almost all plastic products\" sampled released chemicals with estrogenic activity, although the researchers identified pl... |
3 | Who was the first Nobel prize winner for Literature? | [
{
"id": "11636805#0",
"score": 0.7416117191314697,
"text": "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of... | [
{
"id": "1528075#20",
"score": 0.7521004676818848,
"text": "Leo Tolstoy was nominated for the two first-ever Nobel Prizes in Literature. In the first year, the prize went to French poet Sully Prudhomme, the year after to German historian Theodor Mommsen. Reports suggest that Tolstoy did not receive the ... |
4 | How long does a philosophy degree take? | [
{
"id": "21031297#1",
"score": 0.5914022922515869,
"text": "The specific requirements to earn a PhD degree vary considerably according to the country, institution, and time period, from entry-level research degrees to higher doctorates. During the studies that lead to the degree, the student is called a... | [
{
"id": "2396703#18",
"score": 0.7508569955825806,
"text": "Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy",
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},
{
"id": "1451630#7",
"score": 0.7379332780838013,
"text": "The Bachelor of Philosophy (PhB) is an individually tailored, research-based undergraduate degree in arts/social s... |
5 | Was there a year 0? | [
{
"id": "4145437#0",
"score": 0.754570484161377,
"text": "Year zero does not exist in the anno Domini system usually used to number years in the Gregorian calendar and in its predecessor, the Julian calendar. In this system, the year 1 BC is followed by AD 1. However, there is a year zero in astronomica... | [
{
"id": "34541#25",
"score": 0.7532898187637329,
"text": "The year zero does not exist in the widely used Gregorian calendar or in its predecessor, the Julian calendar. Under those systems, the year 1 BC is followed by AD 1. However, there is a year zero in astronomical year numbering (where it coincide... |
6 | Can you prevent traumatic brain injury? | [
{
"id": "1057414#2",
"score": 0.6998937726020813,
"text": "Prevention measures include use of protective technology in vehicles, such as seat belts and sports or motorcycle helmets, as well as efforts to reduce the number of collisions, such as safety education programs and enforcement of traffic laws. ... | [
{
"id": "35565406#0",
"score": 0.8364221453666687,
"text": "Prevention of mild traumatic brain injury involves taking general measures to prevent traumatic brain injury, such as wearing seat belts and using airbags in cars. Older people are encouraged to try to prevent falls, for example by keeping floo... |
7 | When is the dialectical method used? | [
{
"id": "52813#0",
"score": 0.7587100863456726,
"text": "Dialectic or dialectics (Greek: διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the tru... | [
{
"id": "21381965#0",
"score": 0.7485529780387878,
"text": "Dialectical research or dialectical inquiry or dialectical investigation is a form of qualitative research which utilizes the method of dialectic, aiming to discover truth through examining and interrogating competing ideas, perspectives or arg... |
8 | Have the Colorado Rockies won a title? | [
{
"id": "6669#0",
"score": 0.7696596384048462,
"text": "The Colorado Rockies are an American professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado. The Rockies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. The team's home venue is Coors Field, located ... | [
{
"id": "16277515#0",
"score": 0.7349814772605896,
"text": "The Colorado Rockies are a professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado, U.S.",
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},
{
"id": "13552736#9",
"score": 0.7235232591629028,
"text": "Colorado's win clinched the team's second post-season bert... |
9 | Who invented Hangul? | [
{
"id": "17470560#2",
"score": 0.7874791026115417,
"text": "Hangul was personally created and promulgated by the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty, Sejong the Great.[1][2] Sejong's scholarly institute, the Hall of Worthies, is often credited with the work, and at least one of its scholars was heavily in... | [
{
"id": "430052#15",
"score": 0.7884005904197693,
"text": "Hangul, a phonemic Korean alphabet invented around 1446 by scholars in the court of Sejong the Great, was little used for several centuries because of the perceived cultural superiority of Classical Chinese (a position similar to that of Latin i... |
10 | What do Grasshoppers eat? | [
{
"id": "1021764#2",
"score": 0.7742780447006226,
"text": "Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from predato... | [
{
"id": "1328434#51",
"score": 0.7447474002838135,
"text": "Grasshopper",
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},
{
"id": "2852092#22",
"score": 0.7445508241653442,
"text": "Grasshopper",
"topk_rank": 1
},
{
"id": "31676370#5",
"score": 0.7438869476318359,
"text": "Grasshoppers in gene... |
11 | How large is the Kerman province of southeastern Iran? | [
{
"id": "448069#0",
"score": 0.8368577361106873,
"text": "Kerman Province (Persian: استان کرمان, Ostān-e Kermān) is the largest province of the 31 provinces of Iran. Kerman is in the southeast of Iran with its administrative center in the city of Kerman. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5.[3] Mentioned ... | [
{
"id": "1489244#0",
"score": 0.7388868927955627,
"text": "Kermanshah (, , \"Kirmashan\"; also known as Bākhtarān or Kermānshāhān), the capital of Kermanshah Province, is located from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2011 census, its population is 851,405. A majority of the populatio... |
12 | When was Guitar Hero Live first released? | [
{
"id": "46408645#0",
"score": 0.7787283062934875,
"text": "Guitar Hero Live is a music video game developed by FreeStyleGames and published by Activision. It was released for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One in October 2015 and to iOS devices including Apple TV in November 20... | [
{
"id": "4791958#5",
"score": 0.7166100144386292,
"text": "\"Guitar Hero II\" was originally announced for the PlayStation 2 on April 17, 2006. A demo version of the PlayStation 2 version of \"Guitar Hero II\" was released with issue #110 of \"Official PlayStation Magazine\" on October 5, 2006. Features... |
13 | When were bluebonnets named the state flower of Texas? | [
{
"id": "30876840#2",
"score": 0.8345223069190979,
"text": "On March 7, 1901, Lupinus subcarnosus became the only species of bluebonnet recognized as the state flower of Texas;[2] however, Lupinus texensis emerged as the favorite of most Texans. So, in 1971, the Texas Legislature made any similar specie... | [
{
"id": "29810#22",
"score": 0.7726379632949829,
"text": "During the spring Texas wildflowers such as the state flower, the bluebonnet, line highways throughout Texas. During the Johnson Administration the first lady, Lady Bird Johnson, worked to draw attention to Texas wildflowers.",
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14 | Who created the series Clannad? | [
{
"id": "983972#0",
"score": 0.7118518352508545,
"text": "Clannad(クラナド,Kuranado) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key and released on April 28, 2004 for Windows PCs. While both of Key's first two previous works, Kanon and Air, had been released first as adult games and then censored for the young... | [
{
"id": "12962104#0",
"score": 0.7756621241569519,
"text": "The Clannad animated television series is based on the visual novel Clannad by the Japanese visual novel brand Key. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Kyoto Animation, are directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and... |
15 | When was the USS Taylor built? | [
{
"id": "1439912#1",
"score": 0.6947116851806641,
"text": "Taylor's keel was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine, on May 5, 1983. She was launched November 5, 1983, and commissioned December 1, 1984 in Bath, Maine. Taylor was sponsored by Barbara A. Taylor, the widow of the ship's namesake, ... | [
{
"id": "1439912#9",
"score": 0.7159881591796875,
"text": "of USS Taylor (FFG-50) at NavSource Naval History",
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},
{
"id": "1200993#1",
"score": 0.6767234802246094,
"text": "Taylor was born in Washington, D.C.. He was appointed midshipman at the Naval Academy on 28 Sept... |
16 | What's the difference between man-slaughter and homicide? | [
{
"id": "26346214#0",
"score": 0.6506443619728088,
"text": "In the United States, the law regarding murder varies by jurisdiction. In most U.S. jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by sec... | [
{
"id": "12474476#8",
"score": 0.7209980487823486,
"text": "Slaughter:",
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},
{
"id": "227398#0",
"score": 0.698226809501648,
"text": "Slaughter may refer to:",
"topk_rank": 1
},
{
"id": "24002585#19",
"score": 0.6777158975601196,
"text": "Also, the l... |
17 | When did DC comics first introduce the Guardians of the Universe? | [
{
"id": "144157#0",
"score": 0.8094746470451355,
"text": "The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in Green Lantern Vol. 2, Issue 1 (July 1960), and we... | [
{
"id": "1835281#0",
"score": 0.7623047232627869,
"text": "The original Guardians of the Galaxy are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Guardians first appear in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969).",
"topk_rank": 0
},
{
"id": "1319121#1",
... |
18 | What is the largest parrot in New Zealand? | [
{
"id": "89074#10",
"score": 0.680526077747345,
"text": "The kakapo is a large, rotund parrot; the adult can measure from 58 to 64cm (23 to 25in) in length, and weight can vary from 0.95 to 4kg (2 to 9lb) at maturity.[13][14] Males are larger than females. Twenty-eight males were found to average 2kg (4... | [
{
"id": "644057#4",
"score": 0.7180519104003906,
"text": "Te Wahipounamu is home to many indigenous animals and contains the largest and most significant population of forest birds in the country. The total wild population, which is only about 170 birds, of the takahe is found in a few mountain valleys ... |
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