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mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Close air support | So few aerial assets were assigned to U.S. troops that they fired on anything in the air. And in 1943, the USAAF changed their radios to a frequency incompatible with ground radios.
The situation improved during the Italian Campaign, where American and British forces, working in close cooperation, exchanged CAS techniq... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Close air support | Other notable adaptations were the usage of airborne Forward Air Controllers (FACs), a role previously dominated by FACs on the ground, and the use of B-52s for CAS.
U.S. Marine Corps Aviation was much more prepared for the application of CAS in the Vietnam War, due to CAS being its central mission. In fact, as late as... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | History:
United Kingdom: The predecessor of Britain's modern His Majesty's Coastguard was established in 1809 as the Waterguard, a department of the HM Customs and Excise authority, which was originally devoted to the prevention of smuggling. At the time, due to high UK taxation on liquors such as brandy, as well as ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | The Coast Guard Service coordinates its activities with the Belize Defence Force and the Belize Police Department.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Having 18 kilometres of coastline only, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a force dedicated to defend its coast. The duty of patrolling its coastline falls to the Granična polic... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | Greece: The Hellenic Coast Guard (Greek: Λιμενικό Σώμα-Ελληνική Ακτοφυλακή, romanized: Limeniko Soma-Elliniki Aktofylaki, lit. 'Harbor Corps-Hellenic Coast Guard') is the national coast guard of the Republic of Greece. It is a paramilitary organization that can support the Hellenic Navy in wartime, but resides under se... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | It is tasked with the broader enforcement of maritime laws, especially against smuggling, illegal fishing, drug trafficking, and piracy. It patrols the country's 36,289-kilometer coastline and hundreds of islands, and is also involved in maritime search and rescue (SAR) missions, as well as the protection of the marine... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | It is within the government portfolio of the Ministry of National Security. The Commanding Officer of the Coast Guard reports to the Chief of Defence Staff. The TTCG is responsible surveillance, search and rescue, fisheries enforcement, pollution enforcement, and counter-narcotics operations for maritime jurisdiction o... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Coast guard | It is tasked with the broader enforcement of maritime laws, especially against smuggling, illegal fishing, drug trafficking and piracy. It patrols the country's coastline, and is also involved in maritime search and rescue (SAR) missions, as well as the protection of the marine environment.
The Uruguayan Coast Guard al... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold war (general term) | Origins of the term: The expression "cold war" was rarely used before 1945. Some writers credit the fourteenth century Spaniard Don Juan Manuel for first using the term (in Spanish) regarding the conflict between Christianity and Islam; however the term employed was "tepid" rather than "cold". The word "cold" first app... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold-weather warfare | History: Northern and Eastern Europe were the venues for some well-documented winter campaigns. During World War II several actions took place above the Arctic Circle. Recent cold-weather conflicts have occurred in the Himalayas.
Pre–1800: In 1242, the Teutonic Order lost the Battle on the Ice on Lake Peipus to Novgor... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold-weather warfare | Post World War II: The Battle of Chosin Reservoir was a stark example of cold affecting military operations in the Korean War. There were many cold injuries and malfunctions of materiel, both vehicles and weapons.
The Sino-Indian War was a Himalayan border conflict between China and India that occurred in 1962. India i... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold-weather warfare | Dry cold – From 19 to −4 °F (−7 to −20 °C). Dry cold conditions are easier to live in than wet cold conditions. Like in wet cold conditions, proper equipment, training and leadership are critical to successful operations. Wind chill is a complicating factor in this type of cold. The dry cold environment is the easiest ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold-weather warfare | Snow or ice may prevent detonation, owing to freezing the firing device or isolating from pressure above. This can be mitigated with plastic laid over the top of the mine.
Vehicles – Adaptations of military vehicles to winter operations include tire chains for maintaining traction of wheeled vehicles. Diesel engines st... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cold-weather warfare | United Kingdom – Royal Navy sailors and Royal Marines train in Norway above the Arctic Circle. The Royal Marines Mountain Leader Training Cadre is the UK premier cold-weather troop detachment.
United States – The U.S. military maintains cold-weather and mountain warfare training centers at the Army Northern Warfare Tra... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Colonial war | Description:
Classification: Traditionally, wars could be divided into three categories: wars of conquest, wars of liberation, and wars between states. These classifications can likewise be distinguished among colonial wars. Still, the term "colonial war" typically refers to a war of conquest. Wars of conquest, in a ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Colonial war | Regardless, all native peoples were at an economic and industrial disadvantage to the United States.
Africa: The first colonial wars in Africa occurred between the Portuguese and various coastal inhabitants as the former sought to expand its trading empire with Asia. In spite of their efforts, the Portuguese conquista... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combat engineer | Combat engineer organization: Combat engineers play a key role in all armed forces of the world. They are invariably found closely integrated into the force structure of divisions, combat brigades, and smaller fighting units.
Combat support formations: In many countries, combat engineers provide combat support members... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combat engineer | Vehicles:
Obstacle breaching: For obstacle breaching, including minefields, the combat engineers use a variety of vehicles, explosive devices, and plastic explosives including:
Minefield breaching devices
Dozer blade
Mine rollers
Bangalore torpedo
Antipersonnel Obstacle Breaching System
Mine-clearing line charge (MI... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combat information center | Overview: CICs are widely depicted in film and television treatments, frequently with large maps, numerous computer consoles and radar and sonar repeater displays or consoles, as well as the almost ubiquitous grease-pencil annotated polar plot on an edge-lighted transparent plotting board. At the time the CIC concept w... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combat training | Hand-to-hand combat: Hand-to-hand combat (melee) is combat at very close range, attacking the opponent with the body (striking, kicking, strangling, etc.) and/or with a melee weapon (knives, swords, batons, etc.), as opposed to a ranged weapon.
Hand-to-hand combat can be further divided into three sections depending on... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combined arms | Ancient warfare: Combined arms operations date back to antiquity, where armies would usually field a screen of skirmishers to protect their spearmen during the approach to contact. Especially in the case of the Greek hoplites, however, the focus of military thinking lay almost exclusively on the heavy infantry. In more... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Combined arms | During the evening meal the French were surprised by an attack under the cover of English archers. The disorganized French forces were slaughtered and had no choice but to withdraw.
15th to 18th centuries: Generally the savanna cavalries of West Africa used a combined arms approach, seldom operating without supporting... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Command and control | Overview:
US perspective: The US Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms defines command and control as: "The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. Source: JP 1".
The edit... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Command hierarchy | Military chain of command: In a military context, the chain of command is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed within a military unit and between different units. In simpler terms, the chain of command is the succession of leaders through which command is exercised and executed. Orders... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Command of the sea | Historic command of the sea during the age of sail:
National capabilities: Historically, many powers attempted to extend command of the sea into peacetime, imposing taxes or other restrictions on shipping using areas of open sea. For example, Venice claimed the Adriatic Sea, and exacted a heavy toll from vessels nav... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Commerce raiding | Privateering: The first sort of commerce raiding was for nations to commission privateers. Early instances of this type of warfare were by the English and Dutch against the Spanish treasure fleets of the 16th century, which resulted in financial gain for both captain and crew upon capture of enemy vessels ("prizes").
... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conquest | Methods of conquest: The Ottomans used a method of gradual, non-military conquest in which they established suzerainty over their neighbours and then displaced their ruling dynasties. This concept was first systematized by Halil İnalcık. Conquests of this sort did not involve violent revolution but were a process of s... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | History: Many conscientious objectors have been executed, imprisoned, or otherwise penalized when their beliefs led to actions conflicting with their society's legal system or government. The legal definition and status of conscientious objection has varied over the years and from nation to nation. Religious beliefs we... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | The Book of Discipline of the Reformed Free Methodist Church teaches:
Militarism is contrary to the spirit of the New Testament and the teachings of Jesus Christ. Even from humanitarian principles alone, it is utterly indefensible. It is our profound and God-given conviction that none of our people be required to part... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | Among the roughly one-hundred countries that have conscription, only thirty countries have some legal provisions, 25 of them in Europe. In Europe, most countries with conscription more or less fulfill international guidelines on conscientious objection legislation (except for Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Finland and Russia)... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | On 15 September 1939, August Dickmann, a Jehovah's Witness, and the first conscientious objector of the war to be executed, died by a firing squad at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Among others, Franz Jägerstätter was executed after his conscientious objection, on the grounds that he could not fight for an evil ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | In 2012, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled in the case of Ressler et al. v. The Knesset et al.. that the blanket exemption granted to ultra-Orthodox yeshiva students was ultra vires the authority of the Minister of Defence, and that it violated Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty and was, therefore, unconstitutional.
As... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | However, that program has been postponed indefinitely after the succeeding administration took office in 2008.
The government argues that introducing an alternative service would jeopardize national security and undermine social equality and cohesion. This is amid an increasing number of countries which retain compulso... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | Conscientious objectors formed only a tiny proportion of Military Service Tribunals' cases over the conscription period, estimated at 2 per cent. Tribunals were notoriously harsh towards conscientious objectors, reflecting widespread public opinion that they were lazy, degenerate, ungrateful 'shirkers' seeking to benef... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscientious objector | 76–78. Mennoniite Publishing House.
Magelssen, Morten. "When should conscientious objection be accepted?" Journal of Medical Ethics 38.1 (2012): 18–21. online
Matthews, Mark (2006). Smoke Jumping on the Western Fire Line: Conscientious Objectors during World War II, University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806137667
Mo... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | History:
In pre-modern times:
Ilkum: Around the reign of Hammurabi (1791–1750 BC), the Babylonian Empire used a system of conscription called Ilkum. Under that system those eligible were required to serve in the royal army in time of war. During times of peace they were instead required to provide labour for other ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | In Morocco, the Berber looked south rather than north. The Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail, called "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727), employed a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard. He used them to coerce the country into submission.
In modern times: Modern conscription, the massed military enlistment of ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | The impact is especially severe in wartime, when civilian professionals are forced to fight as amateur soldiers. Not only is the work effort of the conscripts wasted and productivity lost, but professionally skilled conscripts are also difficult to replace in the civilian workforce. Every soldier conscripted in the arm... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | However, besides mobilization, conscription calls to a six-month long basic military training in the Bundesheer can be done up to the age of 35. For men refusing to undergo this training, a nine-month lasting community service is mandatory.
Belgium: Belgium abolished the conscription in 1994. The last conscripts left ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | The inhabitants of demilitarized Åland are exempt from military service. By the Conscription Act of 1951, they are, however, required to serve a time at a local institution, like the coast guard. However, until such service has been arranged, they are freed from service obligation. The non-military service of Åland has... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conscription | Norway: Conscription was constitutionally established the 12 April 1907 with Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov § 119..
As of March 2016, Norway currently employs a weak form of mandatory military service for men and women. In practice recruits are not forced to serve, instead only those who are motivated are selected. About ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Containment | Earlier uses of term: Both Americans and Europeans were aware with significant historical antecedents. In the 1850s, anti-slavery forces in the United States developed a free soil strategy of containment to stop the expansion of slavery until it later collapsed. Historian James Oakes explains the strategy:
The Federal... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Containment | He won wide support from both parties as well as experts in foreign policy inside and outside the government. It was strongly opposed by the left, notably by former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, who ran against Truman in the 1948 presidential campaign.
Truman, under the guidance of Acheson, followed up his speech wi... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Containment | Ronald Reagan, a long-time advocate of rollback, was elected U.S. president in 1980. He took a more aggressive approach to dealings with the Soviets and believed that détente was misguided and peaceful coexistence was tantamount to surrender. When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, American policymakers worr... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Conventional warfare | History:
Formation of state: The state was first advocated by Plato but found more acceptance in the consolidation of power under the Roman Catholic Church. European monarchs then gained power as the Catholic Church was stripped of temporal power and was replaced by the divine right of kings. In 1648, the powers of E... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter attack | Analyzing historical counterattacks: In the past, there have been many notable counterattacks which have changed the course of a war. To be specific, Operation Bagration and the Battle of Austerlitz are good examples of the proper execution of a counterattack.
Operation Bagration: Operation Bagration during World War ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter battery fire | Background: Indirect fire was introduced so that artillery could fire from behind cover to reduce its exposure to enemy artillery by making itself more difficult to find. While armies were doing this, little thought was given to the need for counter-counter measures. Perhaps the only means of finding concealed guns was... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter battery fire | Introduction of guns with self-survey and orientation has led to the concept of gun maneuver areas where the troops, platoons or sections of a battery keep moving around, although it is questionable how sustainable this is.
Concealment. While firing guns cannot escape sound-ranging and radar detection, concealment and ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | Models: Counterinsurgency is normally conducted as a combination of conventional military operations and other means, such as demoralization in the form of propaganda, Psy-ops, and assassinations. Counter-insurgency operations include many different facets: military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, an... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | Substantive security, political and economic measures are critical but to be effective they must rest upon, and integrate with a broader information strategy. Every action in counterinsurgency sends a message; the purpose of the information campaign is to consolidate and unify this message. ... Importantly, the informa... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | Specifically, the impossible trilemma suggests that it is impossible to simultaneously achieve: 1) force protection, 2) distinction between enemy combatants and non-combatants, and 3) the physical elimination of insurgents.
According to Zambernardi, in pursuing any two of these three goals, a state must forgo some port... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | Other related operations are "Cordon and knock" and "Cordon and kick". "Cordon and search" is part of a new doctrine called Stability and Support Operations or SASO. It is a technique used where there is no hard intelligence of weapons in the house and therefore is less intense than a normal house search. It is used i... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | Conventional warfare using massive firepower and the failure to implement adequate counterinsurgency had extremely negative effects, which was the strategy that the NVA adeptly used to countering by the protracted political and military warfare model. After the replacement of General William Westmoreland, newer concept... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | The situation with France and Ivory Coast is not a classic FID situation, as France attacked Ivorian forces that had provoked UN peacekeepers.
Another noteworthy instance of counterinsurgency in West Africa is the Nigerian Armed Forces experience against the Boko Haram insurgency. Military operations against Boko Haram... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-insurgency | (Routledge, 2008), ISBN 978-0-415-43388-4.
Corum, James. Bad Strategies: How Major Powers Fail in Counterinsurgency. (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith, 2008), ISBN 0-7603-3080-8.
Corum, James. Fighting the War on Terror: A Counterinsurgency Strategy. (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith, 2007), ISBN 0-7603-2868-4.
Galula, David. Counterins... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-offensive | Analyzing historical counterattacks: In the past, there have been many notable counterattacks which have changed the course of a war. To be specific, Operation Bagration and the Battle of Austerlitz are good examples of the proper execution of a counterattack.
Operation Bagration: Operation Bagration during World War ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counter-recruitment | Rationale: The rationale for counter-recruitment activity may be based on any of the following reasons:
The view that war is immoral - see pacifism.
The view that some military organizations are a tool of imperialism - see anti-imperialism.
Evidence from Australia, Canada, France, the UK, and the US that abusive behav... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterattack | Analyzing historical counterattacks: In the past, there have been many notable counterattacks which have changed the course of a war. To be specific, Operation Bagration and the Battle of Austerlitz are good examples of the proper execution of a counterattack.
Operation Bagration: Operation Bagration during World War ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | Models: Counterinsurgency is normally conducted as a combination of conventional military operations and other means, such as demoralization in the form of propaganda, Psy-ops, and assassinations. Counter-insurgency operations include many different facets: military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, an... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | Substantive security, political and economic measures are critical but to be effective they must rest upon, and integrate with a broader information strategy. Every action in counterinsurgency sends a message; the purpose of the information campaign is to consolidate and unify this message. ... Importantly, the informa... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | Specifically, the impossible trilemma suggests that it is impossible to simultaneously achieve: 1) force protection, 2) distinction between enemy combatants and non-combatants, and 3) the physical elimination of insurgents.
According to Zambernardi, in pursuing any two of these three goals, a state must forgo some port... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | Other related operations are "Cordon and knock" and "Cordon and kick". "Cordon and search" is part of a new doctrine called Stability and Support Operations or SASO. It is a technique used where there is no hard intelligence of weapons in the house and therefore is less intense than a normal house search. It is used i... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | Conventional warfare using massive firepower and the failure to implement adequate counterinsurgency had extremely negative effects, which was the strategy that the NVA adeptly used to countering by the protracted political and military warfare model. After the replacement of General William Westmoreland, newer concept... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | The situation with France and Ivory Coast is not a classic FID situation, as France attacked Ivorian forces that had provoked UN peacekeepers.
Another noteworthy instance of counterinsurgency in West Africa is the Nigerian Armed Forces experience against the Boko Haram insurgency. Military operations against Boko Haram... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Counterinsurgency | (Routledge, 2008), ISBN 978-0-415-43388-4.
Corum, James. Bad Strategies: How Major Powers Fail in Counterinsurgency. (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith, 2008), ISBN 0-7603-3080-8.
Corum, James. Fighting the War on Terror: A Counterinsurgency Strategy. (Minneapolis, MN: Zenith, 2007), ISBN 0-7603-2868-4.
Galula, David. Counterins... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Court-martial | Hyphenation: Court-martial is hyphenated in US usage, whether used as a noun or verb. However, in British usage, a hyphen is used to distinguish between the noun, "court martial", and the verb, "to court-martial".
Composition: Usually, a court-martial takes the form of a trial with a presiding judge, a prosecutor and ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Court-martial | There are four levels of military jurisdiction:
Military Court (Pengadilan Militer), composed of one major as presiding judge, two captains as judge, one captain as military prosecuting attorney, and one second lieutenant as clerk of court.
High Military Court (Pengadilan Militer Tinggi), composed of one lieutenant co... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Court-martial | In the 2008 to 2014 sci-fiction animated TV show "Star Wars: The Clone Wars's 2011 fourth season's episode "Plan of Dissent" clone troopers Fives and Jesse, both serving in the Grand Army of the Republic, act against orders from their acting superior in a war situation and in revenge are threatened with court-martial a... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Covert operation | US law: Under US law, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) must lead covert operations unless the president finds that another agency should do so and informs Congress. The CIA's authority to conduct covert action comes from the National Security Act of 1947. President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12333 titled... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Covert operation | After working such free lifestyles, agents may have discipline problems or exhibit neurotic responses. They may feel uncomfortable, and take a cynical, suspicious or even paranoid world view and feel continually on guard.
Other risks include capture, death and torture.
Plainclothes law enforcement: Undercover agents ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Crossfire | Trench warfare: The tactic of using overlapping arcs of fire came to prominence during World War I where it was a feature of trench warfare. Machine guns were placed in groups, called machine-gun nests, and they protected the front of the trenches. Many people died in futile attempts to charge across the no man's land ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Crossing the T | Tactics: When going into battle, ships would assume a battle line formation called "line astern", in which one vessel follows another in one or more parallel lines. This allows each ship to fire over wide arcs without lofting salvos of projectiles over friendly vessels. Each ship in the line generally engages its oppos... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Culminating point | See also: Defence in depth
Loss-of-strength gradient
Strategic depth
References:
External links: The Culminating Point of Attack
Culminating Points Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | Definition: There is ongoing debate over how cyberwarfare should be defined and no absolute definition is widely agreed upon. While the majority of scholars, militaries, and governments use definitions that refer to state and state-sponsored actors, other definitions may include non-state actors, such as terrorist grou... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | Stuxnet, while extremely effective in delaying Iran's nuclear program for the development of nuclear weaponry, came at a high cost. For the first time, it became clear that not only could cyber weapons be defensive but they could be offensive. The large decentralization and scale of cyberspace makes it extremely diffic... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | Hacktivists use their knowledge and software tools to gain unauthorized access to computer systems they seek to manipulate or damage not for material gain or to cause widespread destruction, but to draw attention to their cause through well-publicized disruptions of select targets. Anonymous and other hacktivist groups... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | Other steps include the isolation of various security agencies to ensure that a synchronised attack could not succeed on all fronts and the planned appointment of a National Cyber Security Coordinator. As of that month, there had been no significant economic or physical damage to India related to cyber attacks.
On 26 N... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | Norway:
Russia: It has been claimed that Russian security services organized a number of denial of service attacks as a part of their cyber-warfare against other countries, most notably the 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia and the 2008 cyberattacks on Russia, South Ossetia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. One identified young R... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | The statement falsely reported normal business was resumed on 25 August 2012. However a Middle Eastern journalist leaked photographs taken on 1 September 2012 showing kilometers of petrol trucks unable to be loaded due to backed business systems still inoperable.
On 29 August 2012 the same attackers behind Shamoon po... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | According to Onder (2021), economic sanctions are also information gathering mechanisms for the sanctioning states about the capabilities of the sanctioned states.
In March 2017, WikiLeaks published more than 8,000 documents on the CIA. The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, include ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberwarfare | (2011). Cyber Warfare: Techniques, Tactics and Tools for Security Practitioners. Syngress. ISBN 1-59749-637-5
Bodmer, Kilger, Carpenter, & Jones (2012). Reverse Deception: Organized Cyber Threat Counter-Exploitation. New York: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. ISBN 0071772499, "ISBN 978-0071772495"
Brenner, S. (2009). Cyber ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Cyberweapon | Characteristics: A cyberweapon is usually sponsored or employed by a state or non-state actor, meets an objective that would otherwise require espionage or the use of force, and is employed against specific targets. A cyberweapon performs an action that would normally require a soldier or spy, and which would be consid... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | History:
Before deep battle: The Russian Empire had kept pace with its enemies and allies and performed well in its major conflicts up to the 19th century. However, despite some notable victories in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) and in various Russo-Turkish Wars, defeats in the Crimean War (1853–1856), Russo-Japane... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | 3. Operational
Operational is the bridge between tactics and strategy.
According to Colonel McPadden (US Army), the most precious legacy of Tukhachevsky is his concepts about all operations theory including the "operational art". Tukhachevsky is the first who used 'operational' as a systematic concept. According to McP... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | The concept was termed "deep operations" (glubokaya operatsiya), which emerged in 1936 and was placed within the context of deep battle in the 1936 Field Regulations. The deep operation was geared toward operations at the Army and or Front level and was larger, in terms of the forces engaged, than deep battle's tactic... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | Triandafillov stated in 1929:
The outcome in modern war will be attained not through the physical destruction of the opponent but rather through a succession of developing manoeuvres that will aim at inducing him to see his ability to comply further with his operational goals. The effect of this mental state leads to ... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | The Stavka placed these corps at the disposal of army and front commanders for use as mobile groups operating in tandem with older cavalry corps, which by now had also received a new complement of armour. The Stavka employed these new tank corps in an offensive role for the first time in early 1942.
During this time, t... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deep operation | The elimination of these allies or a successful advance to their borders would deny Germany military resources, or at least destabilise the Axis bloc in the Balkans.
The operational method revolved around outmanoeuvring their opponents. The nature of the bulge meant the Red Army could build strong fortifications in dep... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Defeat in detail | Use: In military strategy and tactics, a recurring theme is that units are strengthened by proximity to supporting units. Nearby units can fire on an attacker's flank, lend indirect fire support such as artillery, or maneuver to counterattack. Defeat in detail is the tactic of exploiting failures of an enemy force to c... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Defence in depth | Strategy: A conventional defence strategy would concentrate all military resources at a front line, which, if breached by an attacker, would leave the remaining defenders in danger of being outflanked and surrounded and would leave supply lines, communications, and command vulnerable.
Defence in depth requires that a d... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Defense ministry | Current ministries by country:
Historical: Department of Defence (1901–21) (Australia)
Department of Defence (1921–39) (Australia)
Department of Defence Co-ordination (Australia, 1939–1942)
Department of Defence Production (Australia, 1951–1958)
Department of Defence Support (Australia, 1982–1984)
Ministry of Defence... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Defensive fighting position | Terminology: Tobruk type positions are named after the system of defensive positions constructed, initially, by the Italian Army at Tobruk, Libya. After Tobruk fell to the Allies in January 1941, the existing positions were modified and significantly expanded by the Australian Army which, along with other Allied forces... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Demoralization (warfare) | Importance of morale: Morale is often perceived as a necessary precursor to success in international relations. Success most often goes to those who believe in their cause, as they more easily maintain a positive outlook that helps them work harder for it.: 88 High morale can directly contribute to "an economy of food... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Demoralization (warfare) | : 153–155
As a result of contradictions and threats, "man feels accused, guilty".: 155 The target will then begin their search for a cause that will provide a sense of righteousness.: 153–155 The pivotal moment of a successful demoralization campaign is when the target is doubt-ridden and anxious, the point at which... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Desert warfare | Properties and tactics: The barrenness of the desert makes the capture of key cities essential to ensure the ability to maintain control over important resources, primarily clean water, and being able to keep a military well supplied. As such, that makes sieges in conventional warfare more frequent, as the defender oft... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Desertion | Desertion versus absence without leave: In the United States Army, United States Air Force, British Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force, New Zealand Defence Force, Singapore Armed Forces and Canadian Armed Forces, military personnel will become AWOL if absent from their post without a valid pass, liberty or leave. T... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Desertion | Over the course of the war, the Soviets executed 158,000 troops for desertion.
Soviet–Afghan War: Many Soviet soldier deserters of the Soviet–Afghan War explain their reasons for desertion as political and in response to internal disorganization and disillusionment regarding their position in the war. Analyses of des... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Desertion | "During the period between August 1914 and March 1920 more than 20,000 servicemen were convicted by courts-martial of offences which carried the death sentence. Only 3,000 of those men were ordered to be put to death and of those just over 10% were executed."
Second World War: Throughout the Second World War, almost 1... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Desertion | The number had reached about 8,000 by the first quarter of 2006. Almost all of these soldiers deserted within the United States. There has been only one reported case of a desertion in Iraq. The Army, Navy, and Air Force reported 7,978 desertions in 2001, compared with 3,456 in 2005. The Marine Corps showed 1,603 Marin... |
mil_tactics_continued_pretraining.csv | Deterrence theory | History: By November 1945 general Curtis LeMay, who led American air raids on Japan during World War II, was thinking about how the next war would be fought. He said in a speech that month to the Ohio Society of New York that since "No air attack, once it is launched, can be completely stopped", his country needed an a... |
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