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10,000 | Please write an abstract with title: A piece-wise polynomial fitting method to filter the interferogram phase noise [InSAR], and key words: Polynomials, Phase noise, Azimuth, Information filtering, Information filters, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Image quality. Abstract: Among many important factors for the whole interferometric processing, the interferometric phase quality affects the phase unwrapping and the accuracy of the DEM directly. The noise, which exists in the single complex image, affects the judgment of the image. After the interferogram phase (IP) is taken out from the complex images, the distribution of the phase noise is complicated. To get the high quality IP, the IP noise, which always exists, must be eliminated. The IP noise should be distributed continuously in one period and disconnected from one period to another. The polynomial fitting method can eliminate the phase noise in the continuous interval, but it can also add noise in the discontinuous interval, especially in the whole phase interval. This paper brings forward the piece-wise polynomial fitting (PWPF) method that can eliminate the IP noise. The PWPF can be obtained from the range and azimuth director respectively in the whole IP image. The experiment shows this method has a better IP noise eliminating effect. |
10,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Attacking Random Forest Classifiers based on Shortest Path Algorithm, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Input variables, Decision making, Training data, Forestry, Robustness, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Though learning-based models have shown high performance on different tasks, existing efforts have discovered the vulnerability of classifiers to evasion attacks. Recent work has shown that individual models are more vulnerable than ensemble models in adversarial settings. However, we have empirically demonstrated that ordinary integration methods do not always improve the robustness against black-box attacks, which is more common in the physical world. In this paper, we prove that random forest does not effectively defend against adversarial attacks, even if it is highly discrete. The proposed non-gradient based algorithm can be fast implemented and receives binary feature inputs. We experimentally compared the robustness of random forests and SVMs using white-box and black-box assessments respectively, and show that random forests and decision tree are consistently worse than SVMs. |
10,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-Free Event-Triggered Consensus Algorithm for Multiagent Systems Using Reinforcement Learning Method, and key words: Adaptation models, Consensus algorithm, Heuristic algorithms, Protocols, Computational modeling, Multi-agent systems, Adaptive control. Abstract: In this article, we study the consensus issues of multiagent systems (MASs) without any information of the system model by using the reinforcement learning (RL) method and event-based control strategy. First, we design an adaptive event-based consensus control protocol using the local sampled state information so that the consensus errors of all agents are uniformly ultimately bounded. The validity of the above event-triggered adaptive control protocol is confirmed by excluding the Zeno behavior within finite time. Then, based on the RL approach, we present a model-free algorithm to get the feedback gain matrix, and accomplish constructing the adaptive event-triggered control strategy without the knowledge of model information. Distinct with the existing related works, this RL-based event-triggered adaptive control algorithm only relies on the local sampled state information, irrelevant to any model information or global network information. Finally, we provide some examples to demonstrate the validity of the above adaptive event-based consensus algorithm. |
10,003 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigation Strategy of Subsynchronous Oscillation Based on Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control for VSC-MTDC Systems With DFIG-Based Wind Farm Access, and key words: Wind farms, Radio frequency, Wind turbines, Power conversion, Oscillators, Feedback linearization, Doubly fed induction generators. Abstract: To solve the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm access in voltage source converter based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) systems, the fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) strategy is proposed to suppress the SSO and improve the system robustness. First, the rotor side converter (RSC) of the DFIG and the converter connected with the wind farm are linearized by the feedback linearization method. The stability of the internal system is ensured by the application of zero-dynamic theory. Then, the appropriate switching manifold surface and the exponential approach law vs are selected for the design of FOSMC strategy. The control law of the system can be derived when the stability of the system is ensured. After that, the designed FOSMC strategy is applied to the RSC and the VSC connected with the wind farm. To verify the superior performance of the proposed control strategy, the FOSMC strategy is compared with the traditional subsynchronous damping controller (SSDC) by time-domain simulation under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the FOSMC strategy can effectively suppress the SSO under different operating conditions, stabilize the system quickly, and enhance the robustness of the system against parameter disturbances. |
10,004 | Please write an abstract with title: MiniDeviation: An Efficient Multi-Stage Bus-Aware Global Router, and key words: Routing, Pins, Two dimensional displays, Topology, Timing, Three-dimensional displays, Cost function. Abstract: As the number of signal nets increases significantly, global routing of buses becomes an increasingly important and difficult problem. In this paper, to match the timing of buses, we propose an efficient multi-stage bus-aware global routing algorithm called MiniDeviation that is based on several techniques: 1) a deviation-driven segment shifting, 2) a multi-stage double maze routing strategy, and 3) a post-routing scheme. Compared with the existing algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed global router achieves the best results for both total wirelength deviation and total overflow. |
10,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, and key words: Fabrication, Photonic crystal fibers, Optical fibers, Temperature, Optical wavelength conversion, Optical fiber communication, Bandwidth, Fiber lasers, Voltage, Wavelength measurement. Abstract: A novel electrically assisted thermal poling technique was developed to fabricate nonlinear photonic crystal fibers. Domain period of 18.9 /spl mu/m was achieved with a length of more than 10 cm, which can be used as wavelength converter covering both C and L optical communication bands. |
10,006 | Please write an abstract with title: Structured context-analysis techniques in biologically inspired ambient-intelligence systems, and key words: Ambient intelligence, Monitoring, Intelligent sensors, Context awareness, Mobile handsets, Space stations, Humans, Brain modeling, Organisms, Scalability. Abstract: In this paper, techniques and related issues for the definition of a contextual knowledge in ambient-intelligence systems are explored. A logical structure for this kind of system, inspired by a neurobiological brain model, is proposed. Through these considerations, the role and the importance of context awareness in the definition of an artificial organism showing adaptability, pervasiveness, and scalability features are described. Techniques for the definition of a multilayer context representation are explained and practically demonstrated with a test-bed. In the proposed system, a complex event classification is obtained through the fusion of heterogeneous data coming from a set of sensors thanks to the design of a self-organizing map (SOM). The SOM represents the core of the system and testing proofs show good results in the classification of the events taking place in the monitored environment. |
10,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Producing High Precision Additive Manufacturing Parts by Direct Printing of NURBS Surfaces, and key words: Surface treatment, Solid modeling, Surface topography, Splines (mathematics), Surface reconstruction, Process control, Complexity theory. Abstract: This paper provides a framework for the concept of direct printing of Computer Aided Design (CAD) data represented using Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS). Preserving the topological information of CAD model eliminates the geometrical errors generated due to the approximations in the tessellation process. Additionally, the topological information can be used in the process of layer thickness selection, slicing, material deposition and post-processing to more accurately and efficiently determine their parameters. The potential advantages of implementing the direct usage of CAD data are the controllability and the scalability of the process which is highly crucial in the micro and Nano AM processes. A case study is presented in this paper in which a direct slicing procedure is implemented to find layer contours directly from the CAD model. |
10,008 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparing Study on Assessment Mechanism for Renewable Energy Bidding Deviation in Spot Trading, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Schedules, Fluctuations, Uncertainty, Simulation, Energy measurement, Time measurement. Abstract: Participating in market trading is an essential step to promote the sustainable development of renewable energy. To properly deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy, it is important to establish a reasonable bidding deviation assessment mechanism in the electricity market. Based on the analysis of existing research and practice, the bidding deviation assessment mechanism are summarized into two categories, that is, the outcome assessment mechanism (OAM) and the performance assessment mechanism (PAM). Models of the mechanism are built to analyze the principles of the two types of mechanism, and the impact of aggregation effect of renewable energy on the assessment is discussed. Simulation results show that the outcome assessment mechanism will lead to over-assessment, but is conducive to motivating renewable energy stations (RSs) to actively reduce bidding deviation; while the performance assessment mechanism can ensure the cost-recovering of balancing dispatch, but make RSs unable to improve market behavior except to passively accept penalties at settlement. To promote the development of renewable energy, both assessment mechanisms have room for further improvement. |
10,009 | Please write an abstract with title: USB Fingerprint Login Key, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Password, Universal Serial Bus, Cryptography, Pins, Authentication. Abstract: Since centuries fingerprint is the best identification method in everyday life for transaction, unique id, login etc. This paper proposes a model for login designed on the technology of fingerprint recognition with USB as authentication method. The model can also be used to encrypt the USB drive to store some important and confidential files. This paper gives a light on the development of fingerprint key verification model using Arduino nano. |
10,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical Study of the Carrier-Phase GNSS-R Altimetry Accuracy, and key words: Geometry, Maximum likelihood estimation, Global navigation satellite system, Satellite constellations, Satellites, Reflectometry, Data processing. Abstract: The aim of this work is to define the highest possible accuracy that can be achieved in altimetry measurements using ground-based GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R). The height between the GNSS-R setup and the reflecting surface is estimated based on the maximum likelihood approach using carrier-phase information fusion. The theoretical variance of the maximum likelihood estimator is defined as a function of the Carrier to Noise Ratio, the satellite constellation geometry and the integration time and is equal to the Cramer Rao Lower Bound for the height estimation using carrier-phase. It is shown on both synthetic and real data that, when a sufficient number of satellite signals are reflecting on the same surface, the height can be estimated with millimeter accuracy for an integration time of the order of a few milliseconds. |
10,011 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Two-Dimension OTFS-NOMA Scheme Based on Heterogenous Mobility Users Grouping, and key words: NOMA, Time-frequency analysis, Spectral efficiency, Simulation, Modulation, Performance gain, Downlink. Abstract: Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation recently has been widely studied for its superior performance in high-mobility scenarios. In order to explore the efficiency potential and performance, the concept of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is extended to OTFS as a key technique to enhance its spectral efficiency. As for diverse schemes of NOMA formulated in different domains, we propose a two-dimension OTFS-NOMA (2D-OTFS-NOMA) transmission scheme based on heterogenous mobility users grouping by exploiting both power-domain and code-domain. Specifically, power-domain NOMA (PD-NOMA) is implemented between the users under high-mobility and low-mobility, while sparse code multiple access (SCMA) technique is applied to the users under the subgroup of low-mobility. Moreover, a high dimensional codebook design is also proposed based on Signature matrix construction methodology, which has a great extensibility for larger number of users' scenarios. We also validate the corresponding detection approach and present the analyses of its performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-dimension OTFS-NOMA transmission scheme outperforms the other existing PD-NOMA scheme for OTFS systems in terms of spectral efficiency performance. |
10,012 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving JPEG2000's perceptual performance with weights based on both contrast sensitivity and standard deviation, and key words: Frequency, Transform coding, Code standards, Bit rate, Image coding, Discrete wavelet transforms, Quantization, Humans, Standards development, Visual system. Abstract: The JPEG2000 standard includes a perceptual weighting method based on the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). Recent literature shows that perceptual methods based on subband standard deviation are also effective in image compression. We present two new perceptual weighting methods that combine information from both the human contrast sensitivity function as well as the standard deviation within a subband or code-block. We compare these two new sets of perceptual weights to the JPEG2000 CSF weights. The results indicate that our new weights performed better than the JPEG2000 CSF weights for high frequency images. Weights based solely on subband standard deviation are shown to perform worse than JPEG2000 CSF weights for all images at all compression ratios. |
10,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated LNA-sub-harmonic mixer for 77 GHz automotive radar applications using GaAs pHEMT technology, and key words: Automotive engineering, Radar applications, Gallium arsenide, PHEMTs, Radio frequency, Low-noise amplifiers, Mixers, MMICs, Power measurement, Loss measurement. Abstract: An integrated low-noise amplifier (LNA) and sub-harmonic mixer (SHM) for automotive radar applications has been designed using 0.15/spl mu/m GaAs pHEMT technology. This MMIC operates at RF frequencies of 76 to 77 GHz, IF frequencies up to 3 GHz, and LO frequencies of 36 to 38.5 GHz. A typical conversion loss of 3dB has been measured for a 10 dBm LO input power with no observed compression up to -6 dBm RF input signal level. The resulting 2.5 mm/sup 2/ circuit area helps address the low-cost and small size needs of automotive radar components. |
10,014 | Please write an abstract with title: A single switch high power factor battery charger, and key words: Switches, Reactive power, Batteries, Voltage control, Switching converters, Switching circuits, Switching frequency, Low voltage, Bridge circuits, Filters. Abstract: This paper presents a single phase high power factor battery charger using a Cuk converter. The striking feature of this circuit is that it contains only a single switch together with the additional advantage of output isolation as well as voltage step up and step down facility. The buck and boost feature of the Cuk converter is used here for instantaneous input current control along with output voltage regulation. As a result, near-sinusoidal input current is obtained at constant switching frequency. Since the switching frequency used here is high, the response of the converter is fast. A high frequency ferrite transformer is used here to step down the output voltage to charge a 12-volt battery. The experimental result confirms the usefulness of the rectifier-battery charger presented here. |
10,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Facial Action Unit Detection Based on Teacher-Student Learning Framework for Partially Occluded Facial Images, and key words: Gold, Databases, Face recognition, Conferences, Glass, Gesture recognition, Feature extraction. Abstract: Facial action unit (AU) detection is an important task in facial expression analysis. However, occlusion is a major hindrance in practical applications of AU detection as it interferes with extracting features from facial images and makes it difficult to capture the occurrence of AUs. To address this problem, we first construct a database for AU detection with occlusion by synthesizing occlusion objects such as bangs (i.e., fringe), glasses, and hands on facial images. Then we apply a teacher-student learning framework with two types of loss functions to AU detection for occluded facial images. To improve our model's robustness to occlusion, we propose a loss function for order regularization which considers the relationship between facial images as well as conventional distillation loss. The results of our experiment with our database for occluded images demonstrate that our method is effective for detecting AUs with occluded facial images. |
10,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of waveguide-slot radiators in the presence of dissipative medium, and key words: Dielectric losses, Waveguide components, Filling, Slabs, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Waveguide theory, Energy loss, Damping, Scattering parameters, Conductivity. Abstract: The scattering parameters of waveguide-slot radiators and coupling elements in the presence of ohmic losses in the system are under consideration. The problems of accounting dielectric losses and waveguide walls finite conductivity are solved in the cases when waveguides or slots are partially or fully filled with a lossy dielectric or are empty. The cases of dielectric slab position parallel to the narrow walls of a rectangular waveguide and broad ones are considered. The questions of eigenwaves orthogonality are discussed. The behaviour of eigenvalues of dominant wave and higher ones is studied. The ohmic losses of energy in the waveguide region containing a slot are investigated. |
10,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Harmonic Interference Cancellation between LTE and 5G NR in Terminal, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Channel estimation, Bandwidth, Interference cancellation, 5G mobile communication, Frequency-domain analysis. Abstract: As a typical heterogeneous network, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system must be compatible with existing technologies (such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and support multiple types of 5G New Radio (5G NR). When multiple air interface technologies coexist, mutual interference will inevitably occur between different working frequency bands (for the same device, we call this interference “self-interference (SI)”). In this paper, for the typical SI of harmonic interference, we propose a new digital-domain interference cancellation method, which can be widely applied to 5G mobile communication systems. By making Band3 (B3) and New Radio78 (n78) work simultaneously, the proposed new method can eliminate the 2nd harmonic generated by the power amplifier (PA) in n78's receiving link. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of nonlinear harmonic components in wideband systems, an equivalent frequency-domain analysis model of harmonic signals is established, following which an iterative channel estimation technique can be employed for improving the accuracy of the proposed scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is capable of achieving a high-precision harmonic SI cancellation. |
10,018 | Please write an abstract with title: AcoFuzz: Adaptive Energy Allocation for Greybox Fuzzing, and key words: Conferences, Computer bugs, Collaboration, Fuzzing, Parallel processing, Dynamic scheduling, Main-secondary. Abstract: In recent years, coverage-based greybox fuzzing (CGF) has become one of the most important techniques to discover security bugs. The existing fuzzers score the seeds, and then allocate the energy to the seeds according to the scoring results, but most seeds obtain the same energy, and then repeatedly select the same seeds for fuzzing. These strategies have been proved to be inefficient. Our experimental observations show that various seeds have diverse efficiency, and the efficiency of test cases changes increase with execution time. In this paper, we propose a novel yet lightweight energy allocation strategy, called AcoFuzz, to improve fuzzing efficiency. AcoFuzz has one following distinct advantage: Dynamically allocate energy for seeds to cope with their efficiency variation. Extensive experiments based on real-world programs and the LAVA-M dataset have been conducted to evaluate the path discovery and vulnerability detection ability of AcoFuzz, which substantially outperforms 3 state-of-the-art fuzzers. |
10,019 | Please write an abstract with title: A Proposed Model to Measure the Influence Factor of Adoption for Online Investment Application, and key words: Computer science, COVID-19, Pandemics, Attitude control, Computational modeling, Bibliographies, Real-time systems. Abstract: Technological developments that occur can make it easier for investors to make investment transactions in the Indonesian capital market. This is because in online investment applications, investors can read ongoing prices and charts in real time, read current news, buy and sell their investment products. The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has encouraged many new investors to enter the Indonesian capital market, so that the number of investors also grew by 56.21 percent, this is due to increasing technological developments and many Indonesians having to work from home. This study aims to develop a conceptual model for measuring the adoption of online investment applications. This study uses a literature review approach from articles related to this research. The results found in this study, the conceptual model with the basic model of TAM with the main variables Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude award and intention to use as well as with the development of variables including other variables: Trust, Perceived Risk, Subjective Norms, Financial Knowledge, and Perceived Behavioral Control. This model is expected to measure the acceptance factor of online investment applications to invest in the capital market. |
10,020 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Reference Optical Spectrum Based in-Band OSNR Monitoring Method Suitable for Flexible Optical Networks, and key words: Optical distortion, Optical transmitters, Optical filters, Optical noise, Optical receivers, Signal to noise ratio, Optical polarization. Abstract: The in-band OSNR monitoring methods based on the noise-free reference optical spectrum (ROS) have attracted much attention in the field of optical performance monitoring because they are cost-effective and insensitive to chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper, we propose a new ROS based in-band OSNR monitoring method that is robust to the distortions due to non-ideal modulation, the variations of the in-line EDFA gain and the number of filtering elements traversed by the signal. Moreover, this method supports using the standard ROS retrieved by the existing machine-learning technique based optical spectrum identification technique, and thus can remove the need to measure the ROS near the transmitter, which is hard to perform, especially in flexible optical networks. These merits make the method more robust and convenient to use in practice. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the merits of the proposed method with respect to the existing ROS based methods. |
10,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified transmission-reflection method for measuring constitutive parameters of thin flexible high-loss materials, and key words: Dielectric measurements, Dielectric materials, Dielectric loss measurement, Permittivity measurement, Radar measurements, Loss measurement, High-K gate dielectrics, Scattering parameters, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis. Abstract: The transmission-reflection method is modified for measuring constitutive parameters of thin high-loss materials used as radar absorbers. The method uses a two-layer structure, consisting of a layer of thin flexible unknown material supported by a thicker rigid known material. The analysis and measurements focus on nonmagnetic samples of a high dielectric constant and loss factor and on the waveguide configuration in the X-band. A nonlinear least-squares optimization is used to obtain the complex permittivity from the measured scattering parameters. The uncertainty analysis presented facilitates selection of the support layer thickness. Simulations with the finite-difference time-domain method explore the effects of sample imperfections. Accuracy of a few percent can be achieved for a sample thickness of a fraction of a millimeter, provided that the thickness of the support dielectric is close to optimum and sample has only small surface imperfections. |
10,022 | Please write an abstract with title: 1.3-/spl mu/m quantum-well InGaAsP, AlGaInAs, and InGaAsN laser material gain: a theoretical study, and key words: Quantum mechanics, Laser theory, Quantum well lasers, Optical materials, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Surface emitting lasers, Semiconductor materials, Performance gain, Semiconductor lasers, Temperature dependence. Abstract: Due to the keen interest in improving the high-speed and high-temperature performance of 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength lasers, we compare, for the first time, the material gain of three different competing active layer materials, namely InGaAsP-InGaAsP, AlGaInAs-AlGaInAs, and InGaAsN-GaAs. We present a theoretical study of the gain of each quantum-well material system and present the factors that influence the material gain performance of each system. We find that AlGaInAs and InGaAsN active layer materials have substantially better material gain performance than the commonly used InGaAsP, both at room temperature and at high temperature. |
10,023 | Please write an abstract with title: A Geometric Programming Framework for Optimal Multi-Level Tiling, and key words: Tiles, Cost function, Computer science, Bandwidth, Kernel, Solid modeling, Constraint optimization, Law, Legal factors, Shape. Abstract: Determining the optimal tile size-one that minimizes the execution time-is a classical problem in compilation and performance tuning of loop kernels. Designing a model of the overall execution time of a tiled loop nest is an important subproblem. Both problems become harder when tiling is applied at multiple levels. We present a framework for determining the optimal tile sizes for a fully permutable, perfectly nested, rectangular loop with uniform dependences. Our framework supports multiple levels of tiling and uses a BSP style high level model for estimating the overall execution time of a loop program. In our framework, the problem of determining the optimal tile sizes, subject to memory capacity and bandwidth constraints, is modeled as a geometric program and transformed into a convex optimization problem, which can be solved efficiently. The model is validated through experimental results obtained by running twenty loop programs for different levels of tiling and different program and tile parameters. Our framework is very general and can also be used to solve the optimal tile size problem with many other models of execution time. |
10,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Hand Gesture Recognition system for physically challenged people using IoT, and key words: Feature extraction, Gesture recognition, Classification algorithms, Computers, Training, Communication systems, Assistive technology. Abstract: One of the rising fields of research are hand gesture recognition. Being an important part of non-verbal interaction is a critical part of our everyday life. Hand management recognition systems allow us to communicate with the machine, which is more familiar to the human being, creative, normal, user-friendly. Hand gesture recognition covers a wide range of applications including contact with the human machine, sign language, immersive game technology etc. To perform this we have implemented a method of hand recognition and extraction of features by means of a web camera in real time. The picture is captured in this method through the system's webcam. The initial processing of the input image and thresholding are used to remove image noise and smooth the image. Following this, apply region filling in the gesture or object of interest to fill holes. The “HU moments” are used for feature extraction and classification using KNN algorithm. This helps in improving the classification though machine learning and recognition step. We have tested 43 gestures which include 26 gestures of English alphabets and achieved a confidence of 99.9%. |
10,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Fractional-Order Generalized Gene Regulation Model CCII-Based Practical Emulator, and key words: Proteins, Computational modeling, Differential equations, Predictive models, Regulation, Mathematical model, Gene expression. Abstract: This paper presents a practical emulator of a generalised fractional-order model for gene regulation process, in an analog platform. The presented emulator is based on the second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and implemented using AD844 chips. The emulator realises a proposed generalised mathematical model for gene expression. The model sums up three different single models; the constitutive gene model, the induced gene expression under the effect of activators and repressors models. The generalised model is based on fractional-order differential equations where the concentration of the mRNA and the Protein expressed are the model variables. The study of model dynamics is detailed, and the experimental results are presented to confirm the accuracy between the practical emulator and the theoretical models. With the aid of fractional-order parameters, the proposed emulator helps test and analyse the gene regulation process. The management of drug doses and forecast of the exact timing to kill cancer cells is just an example of how to benefit from this emulator without practical animal or human tests. |
10,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter-Wave Fin-Line Characteristics, and key words: Finline, Millimeter wave technology, Loaded waveguides, Millimeter wave circuits, Slotline, Slabs, Impedance, Dielectrics, Rectangular waveguides, Printed circuits. Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the fin line. The spectral-domain technique is used to determine both wavelength and characteristic impedance. Numerical results are compared with known data for ridged waveguide slab-loaded waveguide, and slotline. Design curves are presented for practical millimeter-wave fin line structures. |
10,027 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind Modulo Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Vector Processes, and key words: Correlation, Architecture, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Reliability, Speech processing. Abstract: In a growing number of applications, there is a need to digitize a (possibly high) number of correlated signals whose spectral characteristics are challenging for traditional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Examples, among others, include multiple-input multiple-output systems where the ADCs must acquire at once several signals at a very wide but sparsely and dynamically occupied bandwidth supporting diverse services. In such scenarios, the resolution requirements can be prohibitively high. As an alternative, the recently proposed modulo-ADC architecture can in principle require dramatically fewer bits in the conversion to obtain the target fidelity, but requires that spatiotemporal information be known and explicitly taken into account by the analog and digital processing in the converter, which is frequently impractical. Building on our recent work, we address this limitation and develop a blind version of the architecture that requires no such knowledge in the converter. In particular, it features an automatic modulo-level adjustment and a fully adaptive modulo-decoding mechanism, allowing it to asymptotically match the characteristics of the unknown input signal. Simulation results demonstrate the successful operation of the proposed algorithm. |
10,028 | Please write an abstract with title: CEIDP recollections, 1965-2001, and key words: Physics, Councils, Switches, Dielectrics, Sociotechnical systems, Accelerated aging, Underground power cables, Polyethylene, Assembly. Abstract: The author briefly outlines his recollections of the Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), mentioning the changes in direction that have occurred and the changes in personnel during the review period. |
10,029 | Please write an abstract with title: Serial-parallel Compensation Scheme of Inductor Reactive Power, and key words: cInduction heating, inductor matching, serial-parallel scheme. Abstract: Frequency response of serial-parallel scheme are calculated for different quality factor of inductor represented by serial RL equivalent circuit. Calculation method of circuit parameters when it used for matching inductor with transistor voltage inverter are proposed. Comparison of serial-parallel scheme with parallel one are made. |
10,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparitive Analysis of Frequency Support Provided by Grid-Forming and Grid-Following PVs, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Low voltage, Microgrids, Distribution networks, Switches, Control systems, Stability analysis. Abstract: Widespread Photovoltaics (PVs), which are seen by a distribution network (or an isolated microgrid) as a constant power injecting source, can be detrimental to the frequency stability of the network. To assist in frequency regulation and response, the constant current control for a Distributed Energy Resource is substantially modified to provide inertial response within the low voltage network. PVs that deploy inertial control require an additional storage in order to cater to the demand supply balance. This approach is feasible for large scale PVs, however, rooftop PVs possess limited flexibility for additional storage. This paper studies case of a low-voltage networked microgrid with an appreciable PV penetration, in the presence of a diesel generator (DG) as a separate bus. A coordinated control for PV is designed in this paper, which can help in the transition in between the grid-forming mode to the grid-following modes (with the inertial control loop acting as the Phase locked loop), with the help of an auxiliary DC link voltage based control which is designed in a way that does not require any switching action. |
10,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive digital watermarking using neural network technique, and key words: Watermarking, Neural networks, Humans, Image coding, Robustness, Visual system, Frequency, Discrete cosine transforms, Steganography, Pixel. Abstract: A novel image watermarking approach based on the human visual system (HVS) model and neural network technique is proposed. The human visual system model is utilized to generate the suitable strength of embedded watermark and can be described in terms of four properties of HVS model: entropy, frequency, luminance, and texture sensitivity. The neural network technique has been employed to obtain the local characteristics of image. In our experiments for each different image the watermark can be adjusted to provide a maximum and suitable strength subject to the imperceptibility constraint. |
10,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Catchment-Level Estimation of Snow Depth Using Sentinel-1 and Ground Sensor Validation in the Upper Indus Basin, and key words: Graphical models, Snow, Estimation, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Springs, Spatial resolution, Monitoring. Abstract: Previous studies on the cryosphere of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) have mostly focused on glaciology and have either used remote sensing tools or sparsely deployed ground station networks at the regional or basin scales. This work is instead focused on catchment-level seasonal snowpack monitoring in the little-studied foothills of UIB, using a combination of remote sensing and in-situ measurements. To estimate the snow depth at the catchment level, we have processed Sentinel-1A (C-Band) data and validated our estimates by an indigenously developed ground-based monitoring station. We used differential interferometry for the inversion of spatial snow depth from November 2018 to May 2019. The results indicate a spatial maximum of 350 cm snow depth within the catchment, and a temporal maximum of 216 cm at the validation point. The relative error (RE) with respect to the ground station was estimated to be 90% and an RSME of 3.0 cm. The good performance of TOPS data with spatial-temporal baselines and inexpensive in-situ validation offers significant potential in future applications of snowpack monitoring and water resources management studies in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan. |
10,033 | Please write an abstract with title: UD-Based Pairwise and MIMO Kalman-Like Filtering for Estimation of Econometric Model Structures, and key words: Econometrics, Estimation, MIMO communication, Linear systems, Mathematical model, Parameter estimation, State-space methods. Abstract: One of the modern research lines in econometrics studies focuses on translating a wide variety of structural econometric models into their state-space form, which allows for efficient unknown dynamic system state and parameter estimations by the Kalman filtering scheme. The mentioned trend yields advanced state-space model structures, which demand innovative estimation techniques driven by application requirements to be devised. This article explores both the linear time-invariant multiple-input- multiple-output system (LTI MIMO) and the pairwise Markov model (PMM) with the related pairwise Kalman filter (PKF). In particular, we design robust gradient-based adaptive Kalman-like filtering methods for the simultaneous state and parameter estimation in the outlined model structures. Our methods are fast and accurate because their analytically computed gradient is utilized in the calculation instead of its numerical approximation. Also, these employ the numerically robust UDUT-factorization-based Kalman filter implementation, which is reliable in practice. Our novel techniques are examined on numerical examples and used for treating one stochastic model in econometrics. |
10,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability structure for feedback systems having unstable open loops, and key words: Stability, Feedback loop, Symmetric matrices, Differential equations, Automatic control, Control systems, Vectors, Stacking, Delay systems, Output feedback. Abstract: Previous structure for feedback-system stability based upon causal inverse operators on normed linear spaces is extended to include the "open-loop unstable" case. Simple illustrations are given. |
10,035 | Please write an abstract with title: New rough set approach to knowledge reduction in decision table, and key words: Set theory, Information systems, Automation, NP-complete problem, Banking, Knowledge representation, Partitioning algorithms, Machine learning, Cybernetics, Equations. Abstract: The core and knowledge reduction of a decision table are the key points of many information process procedures. It has been proved that computing all the reductions and the optimal reduction of a decision table is a NP-complete problem. In this paper, the algorithms for finding relative core and relative knowledge reduction are presented, which are based on the positive region in rough set theory. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated by some typical examples. |
10,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Awards [8 various awards], and key words: Awards. Abstract: The 8 award winners and the titles of their award winning papers are listed. A brief author biography may be included. |
10,037 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated Matrix Magnetics for Isolated Single-stage DC/DC Converter, and key words: Power system measurements, Regulators, Density measurement, Prototypes, Transformer cores, Transformers, Power electronics. Abstract: With the development of data center, promotion for efficiency and power density of the voltage regulator module (VRM) is paid considerable attention. Isolated VRM is suitable for the high-conversion-ratio DC/DC application. However, isolated VRM has many magnetic components, which take up a large proportion of the total volume. In this paper, a novel integrated matrix magnetics structure is proposed, which integrates two elemental transformers and four output inductors into a single core. By integrating several discrete magnetic components, the volume of passive components and high-current interconnections are reduced, leading to high power density and high efficiency. The integrated matrix magnetics is employed in an isolated single-stage converter to provide high output current. Finally, a 48V/1.8V 144W prototype of the isolated single-stage converter with integrated matrix magnetics is made and tested to verify the analysis. |
10,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Interpolation of Four-Term Karatsuba Multiplication and a Method of Avoiding Negative Multiplicands, and key words: Interpolation, Arithmetic, Cryptography, Parallel processing, Indexes, Field programmable gate arrays, Elliptic curve cryptography. Abstract: In this paper, we presented a method of minimizing the number of overlapped partial products in the accumulation of four-term Karatsuba multiplication. This method reduced the summation of 13 overlapped partial products to 9 and the summation of 40 overlapped partial products to 24 in the case of four-term Karatsuba multiplication and eight-term Karatsuba multiplication, respectively. Moreover, to deal with the problem of negative multiplicands introduced by the choice in the evaluation of four-term Karatsuba multiplication, we further presented a method of converting negative multiplicands to non-negative multiplicands. In this way, our method would lead to the reduction of summation complexity and not using signed multipliers. Compared to the original Karatsuba multiplication designs, our proposed Karatsuba-like multiplication with optimal interpolation would lead to up to 7.7% reduction in ADP (area-delay-product) in ASIC implementations, and up to 20.2% reduction in ADP compared with built-in designs of Synopsys Design Compiler. |
10,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Allocation of Solar PV in Batam-Bintan Power System 2021-2025, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Schedules, Costs, Substations, Finance, Market research. Abstract: PLN Batam targeted to achieve 23% of renewable energy mix in 2025. However, PLN Batam only schedules 3x10 MW undefined renewable energy power plant in 2025 through to three connected substations: Sei Harapan, Nagoya, and Panaran in 2025. This condition encourages to conduct maximum renewable energy penetration assessment. Refer to solar potency in Batam-Bintan and global capital cost trend, this paper justifies optimized allocation for solar photovoltaic (PV) in Batam-Bintan 2021-2025 from three consideration aspects: electric, finance and geographic. This paper calculates that 654 MW-minimum midday load in Batam-Bintan 2025 then elaborated with 322 MW as Technical Minimum Loading (TML) system. Thus, maximum solar PV penetration capacity defined as 332 MW. Furthermore, since system strength of Batam-Bintan 2025 about 36 MW and grid code requires normal operation frequency range within 50±0.2 Hz, maximum capacity for one solar PV power plant about 7 MW. Then, Batam-Bintan geographical condition deliver 3 substations that deal with two adjacent solar PV power plants at 12 km. Therefore, frequency and geographic consideration obtain 3x7 MW as optimized capacity from connected substations: Batu Besar, Sri Bintan, and Kijang. Cost optimization using HOMER software then clarifies that 21 MW solar PV in 2025 may produces cost saving $ 2.7 million. Subsequently, grid impact analysis justifies that 21 MW installed capacity in 2025 that deliver no issue. Finally, this paper proposes different solar PV allocation from RUPTL PLN Batam. The difference as product of cascading stages that projected to be novelty in renewable energy penetration assessment. |
10,040 | Please write an abstract with title: Index structure for managing multi-levels of road networks on distributed environment, and key words: Environmental management, Geographic Information Systems, Data engineering, Indexing, Prototypes, Engineering management, Maintenance engineering, Organizing, Information management, Storage automation. Abstract: With a view to attaining the shareability and consistency of map information under a distributed environment, we propose a multi-level/multi-theme map information model to maintain maps in consistency with original source datasets. However, the distributed management of spatial datasets results in a complex maintenance processing, especially when the modification refers to several datasets. To solve this problem effectually, in this paper we propose an index structure, the MOR-tree (multi-levels-object-relation tree), for organizing the integrated maintenance procedure. The MOR-tree is an extension of the R-tree index structure with the ability of indexing spatial objects of multi-levels in one hierarchy and recording relations among objects at different levels. The performance of MOR-tree is also evaluated with a prototype system in this paper. |
10,041 | Please write an abstract with title: MaRS: A Modular and Robust Sensor-Fusion Framework, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Runtime, Covariance matrices, Calibration, Complexity theory, Switches, Sensor fusion. Abstract: State-of-the-art recursive sensor filtering frameworks allow the fusion of multiple sensors tailored to a specific problem but do not allow a dynamic and efficient introduction of additional sensors during runtime - an important feature to enable long-term missions in dynamic environments. This letter presents a robust, modular sensor-fusion framework that enables the addition and removal of sensors at runtime.These sensors could not be a priori known to the system. The framework handles the complexity of system and sensor initialization, measurement updates, and switching of asynchronous multi-rate sensor information with sensor self-calibration in a truly modular and generic design. In addition, the framework can handle delayed measurements, out-of-sequence updates, and can monitor sensor health. The introduced true-modularity is based on covariance segmentation to allow the isolated (i.e., modular) processing of propagation and updates on a per-sensor basis. We show how crucial properties of the overall state covariance can be maintained as naive implementation of such a modularization would invalidate the covariance matrix. We evaluate our framework for a precision landing scenario switching between combinations of GNSS, barometer, and vision measurements. Tests are performed in simulation and in real-world scenarios to show the validity of the introduced method. The presented framework will be open-sourced and made available online to the community. |
10,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Supermon: a high-speed cluster monitoring system, and key words: Monitoring. Abstract: Supermon is a flexible set of tools for high speed, scalable cluster monitoring. Node behavior can be monitored much faster than with other commonly used methods (e.g., rstatd). In addition, Supermon uses a data protocol based on symbolic expressions (S-expressions) at all levels of Supermon, from individual nodes to entire clusters. This contributes to Supermon's scalability and allows it to function in a heterogeneous environment. This paper presents the Supermon architecture and discuss initial performance measurements on a cluster of heterogeneous Alpha-processor based nodes. |
10,043 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive Review of Control Strategies to Overcome Challenges During LVRT in PV Systems, and key words: Inverters, Voltage control, Reactive power, Power system stability, Phase locked loops, Current control, Stability criteria. Abstract: Due to the high penetration of grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems, the network operators are regularly updating the grid codes to ensure that the operation of GCPV systems will assist in maintaining grid stability. Among these, low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) is an essential attribute of PV inverters that allows them to remain connected with the grid during short-term disturbances in the grid voltage. Hence, PV inverters are equipped with control strategies that secure their smooth operation through this ride-through period as per the specified grid code. However, during the injection of reactive power under LVRT condition, various challenges have been observed, such as inverter overcurrent, unbalance phase voltages at the point of common coupling (PCC), overvoltage in healthy phases, oscillations in active, reactive power and dc-link voltage, distortion in injected currents and poor dynamic response of the system. Several strategies are found in the literature to overcome these challenges associated with LVRT. This paper critically reviews the recent challenges and the associated strategies under LVRT conditions in GCPV inverters. The drawbacks associated with the conventional current control strategies are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The advanced LVRT control strategies are categorized and analyzed under different types of grid faults. The work categorizes the state-of-the-art LVRT techniques on the basis of the synchronization methods, current injection techniques and dc-link voltage control strategies. It is found that state-of-the-art control strategies like OVSS/OCCIDGS provides improved voltage support and current limitation, which results in smooth LVRT operation by injecting currents of enhanced power quality. |
10,044 | Please write an abstract with title: LOPES: selective control of gait functions during the gait rehabilitation of CVA patients, and key words: Voice mail, Legged locomotion, Exoskeletons, Foot, Biomedical engineering, Hip, Rehabilitation robotics, Springs, Damping, Torque. Abstract: LOPES aims for an active role of the patient by selective and partial support of gait functions during robotic treadmill training sessions. Virtual model control (VMC) was applied to the robot as an intuitive method for translating current treadmill gait rehabilitation therapy programs into robotic rehabilitation therapy. Virtual models are proposed for the selective control of gait functions during treadmill training. From this collection of models several, representing the extremes of the entire set of virtual models, were implemented. The results show that VMC is a promising method for the control of a gait rehabilitation robot. |
10,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparisons of Visualization Architectures, and key words: Data visualization, Graphics, Displays, Isosurfaces, Supercomputers, Hardware, Static VAr compensators, Data engineering, Research and development, Military computing. Abstract: Large data visualization problems generally demand higher resolutions than are available on typical desktop displays. An isosurface from a multiterabyte data set may consist of several million polygons. A common 1600 .. 1200 display (1.92 million pixels) could at most display every polygon as a single pixel. This is insufficient resolution for examining the detail of the isosurface. Commodity hardware components provide one approach for handling large data visualization problems. For example, the PC gaming industry has exponentially increased the processing power of graphics cards to the point where they now are used in graphics supercomputers, such as the SGI Onyx4 and Prism. Commodity-based visualization clusters are becoming popular in the visualization community because of the high performance-to-cost ratio. Prior to the visualization cluster, graphics supercomputers, such as SGI’s Onyx systems, were needed for high-resolution, multimonitor capability. The Scientific Visualization Center (SVC) at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center has purchased a visualization cluster to explore the limits of this trend with respect to large, computational data sets. Results from central processing unit and graphics benchmarking between the Graphstream visualization cluster, an SGI Onyx340, and an SGI Prism will be presented. |
10,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Graph Representation Learning Based Surgical Workflow Anticipation, and key words: Representation learning, Costs, Instruments, Biological system modeling, Surgery, Collaboration, Trajectory. Abstract: Surgical workflow anticipation can give predictions on what steps to conduct or what instruments to use next, which is an essential part of the computer-assisted intervention system for surgery, e.g. workflow reasoning in robotic surgery. However, current approaches are limited to their insufficient expressive power for relationships between instruments. Hence, we propose a graph representation learning framework to comprehensively represent instrument motions in the surgical workflow anticipation problem. In our proposed graph representation, we maps the bounding box information of instruments to the graph nodes in the consecutive frames and build inter-frame/inter-instrument graph edges to represent the trajectory and interaction of the instruments over time. This design enhances the ability of our network on modeling both the spatial and temporal patterns of surgical instruments and their interactions. In addition, we design a multi-horizon learning strategy to balance the understanding of various horizons indifferent anticipation tasks, which significantly improves the model performance in anticipation with various horizons. Experiments on the Cholec80 dataset demonstrate the performance of our proposed method can exceed the state-of-the-art method based on richer backbones, especially in instrument anticipation (1.27 v.s. 1.48 for inMAE; 1.48 v.s. 2.68 for eMAE). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to introduce a spatial-temporal graph representation into surgical workflow anticipation. |
10,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Measurement of Electrical Conductivity for Aluminium Wires Using a Novel Calibration Method, and key words: Inductance, Additives, Instruments, Wires, Aluminum, Conductivity measurement, Conductivity. Abstract: This paper presents a strategy for non-contact measurement of the conductivity of Aluminum wires used in wire + arc additive manufacture. A cylindrical electromagnetic sensor consisting of coil pair (an excitation and a receiver coil) is designed and the change in the mutual inductance due to the presence of the wire inside the sensor is measured at multiple frequencies. A novel calibration method is proposed. It was found that the calibrated inductance agrees well with the inductance measured by a commercial instrument. Moreover, the phase of the inductance is linearly related to the conductivity of the wire measured via a contact four-terminal measurement method. This technique can be potentially applied to the real-time in-situ inspection of metal wires by measuring their conductivity variation, which could contribute to the quality control of wire + arc additive manufacture processes. |
10,048 | Please write an abstract with title: NOMA-Based User Cooperation With Incremental Hybrid Forwarding Protocols, and key words: Protocols, NOMA, Signal to noise ratio, Interference, Decoding, Relays, Throughput. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the performance of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) wireless system, in which signal transmission of a far user is assisted by a near user. In particular, we examine the outage performance of the underlying scenario with two cooperative forwarding protocols incorporated, namely, the hybrid decode-amplify-forward (HDAF) protocol and the incremental hybrid decode-amplify-forward (IHDAF) protocol. HDAF combines the advantages of decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) and overcomes their limitations. On the other hand, the IHDAF protocol gives priority to successful decoding from the direct link before enabling HDAF. Specifically, we first derive outage probability expressions for the two users under the HDAF protocol. Furthermore, a closed-form outage expression of the weak user is derived considering the IHDAF protocol, which is envisioned to further boost the outage performance. Also, we present a comprehensive mathematical framework in order to evaluate the system throughput performance of the underlying system model, for the HDAF and IHDAF protocols. Analytical and simulation results reveal that the outage performance of the weak user under IHDAF outperforms that of HDAF. |
10,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Two fault tolerant control strategies for shunt active power filter systems, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Control systems, Active filters, Circuit faults, Leg, Switching converters, Switches, Topology, Fault tolerance, Inverters. Abstract: This paper shows how to integrate fault detection, fault identification and fault compensation into two different types of fault tolerant active power filter systems. These proposed strategies can compensate the open-circuit and short-circuit failures occurring in the power converter devices used on active power filter systems. The fault compensation is achieved by reconfiguring the power converter topology by using isolating and connecting devices. These devices are used to redefine the post-fault converter topology. This allows for continuous free operation of the system after isolation of the faulty power switches of the converter. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed fault tolerant control strategies. |
10,050 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance effect with wide detection range, and key words: Optical fiber sensors, Sensitivity, Refractive index, Photonic crystal fibers, Dynamic range, Optical fiber networks, Biology. Abstract: A novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect for a wider range of refractive index (RI) detection is proposed. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor could reach −4851 nm/RI unit (RIU) in the dynamic RI range from 1.25 to 1.49 for the y-pol mode as well as −4523 nm/RIU in the dynamic RI range from 1.25 to 1.45 for the x-pol mode, which makes it has potential application prospects in the chemistry, biology, and environment monitoring. |
10,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Genetic Programming with Transfer Learning for Urban Traffic Modelling and Prediction, and key words: Junctions, Predictive models, Data models, Roads, Training, Genetic programming, Computational modeling. Abstract: Intelligent transportation is a cornerstone of smart cities' infrastructure. Its practical realisation has been attempted by various technological means (ranging from machine learning to evolutionary approaches), all aimed at informing urban decision making (e.g., road layout design), in environmentally and financially sustainable ways. In this paper, we focus on traffic modelling and prediction, both central to intelligent transportation. We formulate this challenge as a symbolic regression problem and solve it using Genetic Programming, which we enhance with a lag operator and transfer learning. The resulting algorithm utilises knowledge collected from other road segments in order to predict vehicle flow through a junction where traffic data are not available. The experimental results obtained on the Darmstadt case study show that our approach is successful at producing accurate models without increasing training time. |
10,052 | Please write an abstract with title: A Capacitance-Coupled Bit Line Cell, and key words: Capacitance, Capacitors, Voltage, Fabrication, Electrodes, Testing, Packaging, Random access memory, Insulation. Abstract: A 38-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ dynamic random-access memory (dRAM) cell with a capacitance-coupled bit line (CCB) approach is described. This cell enables a storage capacitor area 2-2.5 times larger than double polysilicon-type cells, or half the cell area with the same design rules. Memory operation with this cell is explained and the bit line stray capacitance is analyzed using a two-dimensional numerical calculation method. The cell output voltage is compared with those of other cells, taking the capacitance between bit lines into account. An experimental 256K dRAM was built for testing, and operated successfully. |
10,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Acceleration Factor for Polymer Degradation by UV Light Exposure, and key words: Degradation, Matched filters, Conferences, Life estimation, Market research, Solar radiation, Polymers. Abstract: Polycarbonate (PC) is a widely used material in electronics enclosures. Consequently, in outdoor environments PC is often exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light from solar radiation. It is well documented that PC will photo-oxidize under solar radiation, which leads to yellowing and changes to material properties. This work seeks to establish a method to calculate an acceleration factor (AF) between samples aged both naturally in the field and artificially under high intensity lamps. Through spectral analysis of the lamps and knowledge of the photo-oxidation reaction, we can estimate the AF between test samples and field deployments. This will allow simulating UV exposure in materials within much shorter durations than could be achieved by simply aging materials outside in sunny locales as is frequently suggested. |
10,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal modeling of Direct Bonded Heterogenous Integration (DBHi) MCM package with Si microcooler, and key words: Heating systems, Temperature measurement, Power system measurements, Density measurement, Computational fluid dynamics, Simulation, Electronic packaging thermal management. Abstract: with the rapid advancement of high-density packaging technology, heterogeneous integration of multi-chip module (MCM) has emerged as a viable solution to achieve increasing demands for electronic device performance. Placing the multiple dies in close proximity enables high bandwidth, low latency, and low power consumption of the system. However, thermal management of such high-performance electronic device has become critical challenge associated with ever increasing power dissipation. Insufficient heat removal and large temperature gradient over the chip will seriously affect the reliability degradation. Previous study has demonstrated stacked silicon microcooler with single-phase liquid cooling as one of the effective solutions to address such thermal challenges. The thermal performance of the silicon microcooler was measured to be ~ 32 mm2K/W at a flow rate of 25 mL/s while using single heat source with power of 600 W.This paper expands the prior work to MCM with four functional chips integrated in a single package and evaluated the cooling capability of silicon microcooler with new designs. Novel designs of stacked silicon microcooler subjected to MCM - namely inlet-centered flow cross-flow, counter-flow, and rotational-flow were developed and numerically analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Heat transfer performance and fluid flow behavior of these types of microcoolers were investigated and compared to the conventional microcooler with straight channel structure. In this work, two cases of heat source conditions were studied, (Case-A) four chips having identical power density, and (Case-B) four chips having different power density. Simulation result indicated that for Case-A, inlet-centered microcooler showed the best heat dissipation performance in terms of the maximum temperature rise and temperature uniformity of the chip. It also achieved the lowest pressure drop among the others. For Case-B, microcooler design which contains various flow directions, such as cross-flow or rotational-flow had superior thermal performance to the conventional microcooler. |
10,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimenting and Assessing a Distributed Privacy-Preserving OLAP over Big Data Framework: Principles, Practice, and Experiences, and key words: Big Data, Data privacy, Privacy, Distributed databases, Social network services, Measurement, Tools. Abstract: OLAP is an authoritative analytical tool in the emerging big data analytics context, with particular regards to the target distributed environments (e.g., Clouds). Here, privacy-preserving OLAP-based big data analytics is a critical topic, with several amenities in the context of innovative big data application scenarios like smart cities, social networks, bio-informatics, and so forth. The goal is that of providing privacy preservation during OLAP analysis tasks, with particular emphasis on the privacy of OLAP aggregates. Following this line of research, in this paper we provide a deep contribution on experimenting and assessing a state-of-the-art distributed privacy-preserving OLAP framework, named as SPPOLAP, whose main benefit is that of introducing a completely-novel privacy notion for OLAP data cubes. |
10,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Push the Limit of Acoustic Gesture Recognition, and key words: Robustness, Acoustics, Gesture recognition, Frequency measurement, Fading channels, Training data, Transceivers. Abstract: With the flourish of the smart devices and their applications, controlling devices using gestures has attracted increasing attention for ubiquitous sensing and interaction. Recent works use acoustic signals to track hand movement and recognize gestures. However, they suffer from low robustness due to frequency selective fading, interference and insufficient training data. In this work, we propose RobuCIR, a robust contact-free gesture recognition system that can work under different usage scenarios with high accuracy and robustness. RobuCIR adopts frequency-hopping mechanism to mitigate frequency selective fading and avoid signal interference. To further increase system robustness, we investigate a series of data augmentation techniques based on a small volume of collected data to emulate different usage scenarios. The augmented data is used to effectively train neural network models and cope with various influential factors (e.g., gesture speed, distance to transceiver, etc.). Our experiment results show that RobuCIR can recognize 15 gestures and outperform state-of-the-art works in terms of accuracy and robustness. |
10,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of nuclear codes for neutron-induced nuclear reactions in microelectronics, and key words: Microelectronics, Neutrons, Silicon, Single event upset, Production, Monte Carlo methods, Radiation effects, Atmosphere, Nuclear power generation, Charge carrier processes. Abstract: Neutron induced nuclear reactions are known to be responsible for triggering various failures in microelectronics. Nuclear codes are very useful tools, which allow estimating the production of the secondary ions and finally the way that the component is ionized. In this work we propose to give an overview of the kind of available nuclear codes. We distinguish determinist codes from Monte Carlo ones and explained why these latter are the best adapted for the study of neutron induced failures in microcircuits. |
10,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency optimization of a vector controlled induction motor drive using an artificial neural network, and key words: Induction motor drives, Artificial neural networks, Mathematical model, Magnetic flux, Iron, Induction motors, Torque control, Core loss, Frequency, Copper. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for efficiency optimization of a vector controlled induction motor drive. The optimum flux-producing current is obtained using an artificial neural network. The artificial neural network model is established using Matlab/Simulink and based on the load torque and speed data of an indirect vector-controlled induction motor drive. The change of iron core loss resistance due to flux and frequency variation is taken into consideration. Simulation results of the proposed approach show a significant improvement in energy saving and efficiency optimization. |
10,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide Baseband Analog AGC System with Large Dynamic Range Based on Peak Power Detection, and key words: Baseband, Sensitivity, Millimeter wave technology, Modulation, Receivers, Dynamic range, Gain control. Abstract: A 500MHz to 1.9GHz analog automatic gain control (AGC) system with large dynamic range in a satellite-borne communication receiver is reported in this paper. The system consists of a variable gain unit which is realized by voltage-variable attenuators (VVA), a power detector and a feedback loop. In order to investigate the influence of input noise power in wide baseband on the dynamic range of the AGC system, a comparative experimental study has been carried out to figure out the difference of dynamic range deterioration between peak power detection mode and that of root mean square (RMS) detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic range of the AGC loop based on peak detection is wider than that of the loop based on root mean square (RMS) detection for the baseband as wide as from 500MHz to 1.9GHz. The measured dynamic range of the AGC system in this work is -70dBm to -8dBm based on peak detection, while it is -65dBm to -8dBm based on RMS detection for the same AGC loop. |
10,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Timing-driven partitioning-based placement for island style FPGAs, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Routing, Runtime, Partitioning algorithms, Delay effects, Coupling circuits, Engines, Delay estimation, Minimization, Circuit simulation. Abstract: In traditional field programmable gate array (FPGA) placement methods, there is virtually no coupling between placement and routing. Performing simultaneous placement and detailed routing has been shown to generate much better placement qualities, but at the expense of significant runtime penalties (Nag and Rutenbar, 1998). We propose a routing-aware partitioning-based placement algorithm for FPGAs in which a looser but effective coupling between the placement and routing stages is used. The placement engine incorporates a more accurate FPGA delay model and employs effective heuristics that minimize circuit delay. Delay estimations are obtained from routing profiles of selected circuits that are placed and routed using the timing-driven versatile place and route (TVPR) (Betz and Rose, 1997), (Marquardt et al., 2000). As a result, the delay predictions during placement more accurately resemble those observed after detailed routing, which in turn leads to better delay optimization. An efficient terminal alignment heuristic for delay minimization is applied during placement to further optimize the delay of the circuit. These two techniques help maintain harmony between placement and routing-delay optimization stages. Simulation results show that the proposed partitioning-based placement combined with more accurate delay models and the alignment heuristic can achieve postrouting circuit delays comparable to those obtained from TVPR, while achieving a fourfold speedup in total placement runtime. In another experiment, we augmented the original TVPR algorithm with the terminal alignment heuristic, and achieved, on average, a 5% improvement in circuit delay with negligible runtime penalty. |
10,061 | Please write an abstract with title: PolyBot and PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System: a modular robotic platform for education, and key words: Educational robots, Robot sensing systems, Programming profession, Control systems, Legged locomotion, Robot programming, Robotics and automation, Educational institutions, Mobile robots, Humanoid robots. Abstract: Modular robotics has been an active area of research for the last decade. In this paper, we argue that it also provides an excellent platform for education. PolyBot is a type of modular reconfigurable robot developed at PARC. The PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System provides a robotic scripting language and programming environment for controlling this type of robot. Based on experience with mentoring high school students, and running a tutorial for robotic researchers at IROS'03, we show that, PolyBot and the PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System is effective for educational activities at multiple levels. These include playing, exploring, building, programming, competing, and most of all, learning while having fun. |
10,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Mean and Variance of Overflow Traffic for Time Dependent Inputs, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Communication system traffic control, Traffic control, Investments, Control systems, Telecommunication control, Communication system traffic, Numerical analysis, Availability, Time varying systems. Abstract: Telecommunications networks have been designed to maintain predetermined service levels for time-varying traffic loads. This inevitably causes redundant investments, and thus, there are possibilities for further economization by adaptively controlling the systems. In order to establish the optimum strategy of controlling telecommunications networks, it is essential to study time dependent traffic characteristics. This paper analyzes a system in which a time-dependent Poisson input is offered to a finite primary trunk group, and the overflow traffic is carried by an infinite secondary trunk group. Methods for calculating the mean and variance of the overflow traffic (the number of calls existing in the secondary group) are proposed, including an approximate evaluation for which accuracy is examined. Calculated examples are given for various time dependent inputs, and properties of the overflow traffic are discussed. The methods and results presented will be useful for analysis and optimum design of the network systems with time dependent traffic. |
10,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear tissue response modeling for physically realistic virtual surgery using PAFF, and key words: Biological system modeling, Computational modeling, Biological tissues, Haptic interfaces, Predictive models, Galois fields, Minimally invasive surgery, Quantum computing, Deformable models, Feedback. Abstract: In this paper we present a novel physically realistic scheme based on the point-associated finite field approach (PAFF) for modeling the nonlinear behavior of soft biological tissues in real time during multimodal simulation of laparoscopic procedures using visual and haptic feedback. In this technique the response predicted by an underlying linear model is enhanced in the local neighborhood of the surgical tool-tip by a nonlinear model. |
10,064 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Two-Dimensional Velocity Estimation Method for Multi-Channel UWB SAR, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Object detection, Estimation, Azimuth, Focusing, Transforms, Apertures. Abstract: Moving target detection in ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (UWB SAR) has to accumulate target energy with long integration time to improve the probability of target detection. The traditional detection and parameters estimation algorithms usually rely on parameter searching, leading to a heavy computing burden. In this paper, a fast two-dimensional velocity estimation method of moving target for multi-channel UWB SAR is proposed. The method processes the multi-channel data separately to realize the target's coherent accumulation and one-dimensional velocity estimation. Then the multi-channel signals are processed jointly to realize the two-dimensional velocity estimation. Specifically, for each channel, the second-order keystone transform is used to correct the range curvature. The symmetric autocorrelation function in the range-frequency domain is used to accumulate the moving-target energy, achieving the target detection and target's azimuth signal extraction. Next, considering the long integration time, the azimuth signal is processed by the non-uniform cubic phase function (NUCPF) based on the fourth-order phase signal to estimate the relative velocity. The azimuth signal is transformed into the Doppler domain for multi-channel data, and the interferometric signal is calculated. The phase generated by the interferometric signal is related to the radial velocity of the target. Thus, the two-dimensional velocity of the target is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation experiments. |
10,065 | Please write an abstract with title: Gated-diode study of corner and peripheral leakage current in high-energy neutron irradiated silicon p-n junctions, and key words: Leakage current, Neutrons, Silicon, P-n junctions, CMOS technology, Integrated circuit technology, Isolation technology, Voltage, Energy consumption, Random access memory. Abstract: It will be shown that an analysis of gated-diode (GD) structures enables to investigate the radiation damage in different parts of p-n junctions in a CMOS technology. This is important as the peripheral, especially corner, p-n junction leakage at reverse voltage sets the leakage and power consumption of state-of-the-art integrated circuits (ICs) and the DRAM retention time. One GD enables to extract the radiation-induced peripheral leakage-current defined by the isolation surrounding the active p-n junction, while two GDs with different dimensions-the corner leakage. The method is applied to junctions fabricated in different silicon substrate types and irradiated by 1-MeV equivalent neutrons with fluence (/spl Phi/) ranging from 5/spl times/10/sup 11/ to 5/spl times/10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. While for low to moderate /spl Phi/ the significance of the peripheral leakage-current decreases, a rebound occurs for the higher /spl Phi/ investigated due to the increase of the bulk peripheral leakage and of the corner component. |
10,066 | Please write an abstract with title: The impact of gate-oxide breakdown on SRAM stability, and key words: Electric breakdown, Random access memory, Stability, Circuits, CMOS technology, Leakage current, Noise reduction, MOS devices, Failure analysis, Capacitors. Abstract: We have investigated the effects of oxide soft breakdown (SBD) on the stability of CMOS 6T SRAM cells. Gate-to-diffusion leakage currents of 20-50 μA at the n-FET source can result in a 50% reduction of noise margin. Breakdown at other locations in the cell may be less deleterious depending on n-FET width. This approach gives targets for tolerable values of leakage caused by gate-oxide breakdown. |
10,067 | Please write an abstract with title: An Innovative Acceleration Model for Media Analytics, and key words: Media, Pipelines, Streaming media, Graphics, Computer architecture, Hardware, Cameras. Abstract: Media analytics (MA) usages are growing rapidly in various application domains. A common pipeline consists of the elements of communication, media processing and content analysis. However, designing systems with both high throughput and scalability is a difficult problem. In this paper, we present a solution which is based on Intel® architecture and has significant innovations on both the hardware and software sides. In contrast with existing accelerators, the new acceleration card supports the entire MA pipeline on the card and has loose coupling with the host. Experiments have shown superior abilities of the system in density, scalability and cost efficiency when used for different video analytics tasks. Deployment of the card in smart city and live streaming use cases is also described. |
10,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Supervised Visual Representations Learning by Contrastive Mask Prediction, and key words: Training, Representation learning, Visualization, Computer vision, Head, Semantics, Performance gain. Abstract: Advanced self-supervised visual representation learning methods rely on the instance discrimination (ID) pretext task. We point out that the ID task has an implicit semantic consistency (SC) assumption, which may not hold in unconstrained datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive mask prediction (CMP) task for visual representation learning and design a mask contrast (MaskCo) framework to implement the idea. MaskCo contrasts region-level features instead of view-level features, which makes it possible to identify the positive sample without any assumptions. To solve the domain gap between masked and unmasked features, we design a dedicated mask prediction head in MaskCo. This module is shown to be the key to the success of the CMP. We evaluated MaskCo on training datasets beyond ImageNet and compare its performance with MoCo V2 [4]. Results show that MaskCo achieves comparable performance with MoCo V2 using ImageNet training dataset, but demonstrates a stronger performance across a range of downstream tasks when COCO or Conceptual Captions are used for training. MaskCo provides a promising alternative to the ID-based methods for self-supervised learning in the wild. |
10,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a 5 DOF manipulator for a mobile Robot, and key words: Manipulators, Robots, Task analysis, Gears, Software, Kinematics, Voltage control. Abstract: Mobile robots, also called rovers, are used in unreal environments such as outer space. They explore places or perform tasks that are life-threatening to humans. The manipulator is a key component of every rover for completing its tasks. With the help of the manipulator soil samples are taken, switches and buttons are activated, cables are plugged in and objects are collected. The manipulator explained in this paper is equipped with a 2-finger parallel gripper, a linear actuator, a camera and a laser. In order to use these tools properly and to successfully complete the aforementioned tasks, the manipulator must exceed a certain benchmark for accuracy and reliability. This paper describes the necessary arm characteristics to accomplish this along with the experiment used to demonstrate that the accuracy and reliability conditions are satisfied. |
10,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on the seasonal phenological characteristics of the Heihe River Basin with AVHRR NDVI data set, and key words: Rivers, Vegetation mapping, Principal component analysis, Ecosystems, Data engineering, Water resources, Reflectivity, Data analysis, Soil, Sustainable development. Abstract: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data set of the Heihe River Basin (96.45/spl deg/-102.8/spl deg/E, 35.4/spl deg/43.5/spl deg/N) from April 1992 to September 1993 and from February 1995 to January 1996 was derived from the NOAA Pathfinder AVHRR data set. The principal component analysis was applied to the data set. The seasonal phenological characteristics of the Heihe River Basin was obtained by analyzing the first four principal components. |
10,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning to Control Reconfigurable Staged Soft Arms, and key words: Load modeling, Actuators, Soft robotics, Kinematics, Calibration, Training, Training data. Abstract: In this work, we present a novel approach for modeling, and classifying between, the system load states introduced when constructing staged soft arm configurations. Through a two stage approach: (1) an LSTM calibration routine is used to identify the current load state then (2) a control input generation step combines a generalized quasistatic model with the learned load model. Our experiments show that accounting for system load allows us to more accurately control tapered arm configurations. We analyze the performance of our method using soft robotic actuators and show it is capable of classifying between different arm configurations at a rate greater than 95%. Additionally, our method is capable of reducing the end-effector error of quasistatic model only control to within 1 cm of our controller baseline. |
10,072 | Please write an abstract with title: The existence of equilibrium solution of the nonlinear dynamic input-output stochastic model, and key words: Stochastic processes, Stochastic systems, Stochastic resonance, Stability, Production, Investments, Nonlinear dynamical systems, State estimation, Intelligent control, Automation. Abstract: This paper proposes a nonlinear dynamic input-output stochastic model. By using the degree theory on finite-dimensional space, in nonlinear analysis the condition for the existence of equilibrium solution is obtained and an estimate formula about the maximum equilibrium rate of national economic growth is provide. |
10,073 | Please write an abstract with title: DSNet: A Flexible Detect-to-Summarize Network for Video Summarization, and key words: Proposals, Feature extraction, Visualization, Video sequences, Semantics, Reinforcement learning, Training. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a Detect-to-Summarize network (DSNet) framework for supervised video summarization. Our DSNet contains anchor-based and anchor-free counterparts. The anchor-based method generates temporal interest proposals to determine and localize the representative contents of video sequences, while the anchor-free method eliminates the pre-defined temporal proposals and directly predicts the importance scores and segment locations. Different from existing supervised video summarization methods which formulate video summarization as a regression problem without temporal consistency and integrity constraints, our interest detection framework is the first attempt to leverage temporal consistency via the temporal interest detection formulation. Specifically, in the anchor-based approach, we first provide a dense sampling of temporal interest proposals with multi-scale intervals that accommodate interest variations in length, and then extract their long-range temporal features for interest proposal location regression and importance prediction. Notably, positive and negative segments are both assigned for the correctness and completeness information of the generated summaries. In the anchor-free approach, we alleviate drawbacks of temporal proposals by directly predicting importance scores of video frames and segment locations. Particularly, the interest detection framework can be flexibly plugged into off-the-shelf supervised video summarization methods. We evaluate the anchor-based and anchor-free approaches on the SumMe and TVSum datasets. Experimental results clearly validate the effectiveness of the anchor-based and anchor-free approaches. |
10,074 | Please write an abstract with title: Supervisory Control of Fair Discrete-Event Systems: A Canonical Temporal Logic Foundation, and key words: Control theory, Supervisory control, Multitasking, Discrete-event systems. Abstract: This paper studies the linear-time temporal logic (LTL) control of a class of fair discrete-event systems (DESs). It is motivated by the curious extent in which the use of LTL can be strengthened and differentiated in control theory development. Over a fair DES model, a marker-progressive supervisory control problem is formulated in LTL. The problem formulation admits a more flexible specification of multiple markers to distinguish different DES tasks, and seeks to find a supervisor—a passive control function by convention for specified temporal safety—such that a fair DES under its control is guaranteed to make constant progress to these markers. The problem is studied in terms of DES marker-controllability—a new controllability concept formulation of temporal safety for constant marker progress. This new formulation sheds light on how event fairness in DESs coachieves such marker progress with supervision that exists. It is shown that a solution supervisor may be found by canonical LTL verification. Three examples are provided for illustration. |
10,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Level Sensor Fusion for Passive RF and EO Information Integration, and key words: Heterogeneous Sensor Fusion, Deep Learning, Feature Level Fusion, Histogram of In-phase and Quadrature Components. Abstract: Many different sensing modalities across the spectrum exist for collecting and processing data for the purposes of target detection, tracking and differentiation. However, each of these individual modalities from the electromagnetic spectrum contain benefits, limitations, and sources of uncertainty. While research has been conducted to integrate complementary data collected by electro-optical (EO) and radio frequency (RF) modalities, the processing of RF data usually applies traditional methods, such as Doppler. This paper explores the viability of using histogram of I/Q (in-phase and quadrature) data for the purposes of augmenting the detection accuracy that EO input alone is incapable of achieving. Processing the histogram of I/Q data via deep learning, enhances feature resolution for neural network fusion. Using the simulated data from the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) dataset, the resulting fusion of EO/RF neural network (FERNN) can achieve 95% accuracy in vehicle detection and scenario categorization, which is a 23% improvement over the accuracy achieved by a standalone EO sensor. |
10,076 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Forest Fire Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Color Feature Statistics, and key words: Image segmentation, Image color analysis, Fires, Signal processing algorithms, Forestry, Manuals, Probability. Abstract: In order to improve fire recognition, a forest fire feature extraction algorithm based on color feature statistics is proposed, which combines manual segmentation and statistics of the mean and variance of each channel in RGB color space to construct a Gaussian distribution probability density function. Set a reasonable threshold according to the probability density distribution of the fire area image, and then the threshold is used to judge the probability density of the sample image. Experimental results show that this method can quickly and effectively identify the flames of forest fires in complex scenarios. |
10,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Kernel based partially linear models and nonlinear identification, and key words: Kernel, Support vector machines, Nonlinear systems, Least squares methods, Artificial neural networks, Polynomials, Predictive models, Nonlinear equations, Parametric statistics, Councils. Abstract: In this note, we propose partially linear models with least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) for nonlinear ARX models. We illustrate how full black-box models can be improved when prior information about model structure is available. A real-life example, based on the Silverbox benchmark data, shows significant improvements in the generalization ability of the structured model with respect to the full black-box model, reflected also by a reduction in the effective number of parameters. |
10,078 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Multidimensional Feature Extraction Method Based on VMD and WPD for Emotion Recognition, and key words: Feature extraction, Electroencephalography, Emotion recognition, Wavelet packets, Time-frequency analysis, Time series analysis, Entropy. Abstract: Emotion plays an indispensable role in the process of human cognition and decision-making, but it is often neglected in human-computer interaction (HCI). Although many researchers have applied some decomposition algorithms to extract features from EEG, there are several shortcomings including the modal aliasing, a high computational cost and so on. In this paper, we introduce variational mode decomposition (VMD) and wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) algorithms and propose a multidimensional feature extraction method based on VMD and WPD for emotion recognition. Firstly, we apply VMD to decompose the EEG signal into a specific number of variational mode functions (VMF). Secondly, WPD is executed to generate an emotional frequency band. Then, we continue to extract the wavelet packet entropy (WPE), modified multi-scale sample entropy (MMSE), fractal dimension (FD) and first difference (1ST) of each emotional VMF to construct a new feature form. Finally, the random forest (RF) is utilized to classify the extracted emotional states. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is more competitive and universal for emotion recognition, which provides a novel idea for the application of multidimensional feature extraction. |
10,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Software architectural style for interoperable databases, and key words: Software architecture, Computer architecture, Mediation, Database languages, Technology management, Computer science, Information systems, Topology, Application software, Data structures. Abstract: We propose a layered and component based software architecture style which supports interoperability in multiple databases (DB). The architectural style's building blocks and its constraints are described and the deployment of two design patterns outlined. Components placed in our architectural layers exhibit a linear topology and request/reply processing style. The constraints include communications between components which are not in the adjacent architectural layers and extension of the intuitive many : one bindings between components towards many : many. We comment on similarities with mediation architectures and outline some implementation issues |
10,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Personalization through mask marketing, and key words: Internet, Web pages, Computer science, Telematics, Peer to peer computing, Data privacy, Business, Inspection, Portals, Information systems. Abstract: Customized marketing, so called 1-to-1 marketing, is often viewed as the panacea of e-commerce. User profiles, such as click streams logging every site the user accesses, are exploited to generate a profile of interests of the users. Marketing measures like advertisements in form of banners or product presentation are tailored according to these profiles. This kind of customizing suffers from insufficient information about the current interests of the users: the profiles are only a collection of past actions of the users. Additionally, sometimes personalization is seen an invasion of privacy and often unsolicited advertisements unrelated to the users' real interests are cited as an example of the nuisances of 1-to-1 marketing. This shows the dilemma that 1-to-1 marketing faces: The users feel they already offer too much information about themselves. Currently, users solve this dilemma by disabling all technical means that enable user profiling, e.g. by disabling cookies in their Web browsers, using anonymity services, and providing fake identities to Web sites. We propose an approach based on peer-to-peer networks to allow marketing to a specific target group while preserving the privacy of users, we call it mask-marketing. In this concept a user assumes the identity of a mask representing his or her intentions. E.g., a user buying a Christmas present will use the "Christmas shopping" identity, afterwards the same user may use an "engineering" mask for an information search relating to his work. The users are able to present their preferences and intentions without these being attributable to their true identity. The masks, which are technically realized by sharing cookies, are distributed and updated using a peer-to-peer networking approach. This permits use of a mask by several different users. All actions performed by different users under the identity of one mask contribute to the profile of this mask. Creation and distribution don't require a central service. This is an advantage since the sensitive profile data is not concentrated in a central entity in the network, which could be viewed by privacy sensitive users with suspicion. |
10,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Densification and Path-Loss Models Versus UDN Performance—A Unified Approach, and key words: Computational modeling, Analytical models, Wireless communication, Rayleigh channels, Load modeling, Propagation losses, Market research. Abstract: Ultra-dense network (UDN) is one of the most important techniques to support massive number of different types of user equipments (UEs). It is essential to understand the impact of densification on various system performance metrics in future cellular networks. Two contradictory conclusions were made from the existing research works. Some works indicated that the network densification has reached its upper limit and deploying more UEs may only reduce UDN performance; whereas the others claimed that more UEs can still be supported by deploying more small cell base stations (SBSs). The existence of above different conclusions is due mainly to the difficulties to find an effective means to take into account different path loss models in UDNs. In this paper, we aim to propose a unified analytical approach, which is effective to simplify UDN performance analysis based on different path loss models with a low computation complexity. Using the proposed approach with idle mode of SBSs enabled, we can identify the impact of the densities of SBSs and UEs on various performance metrics, i.e., coverage probability and average area spectral efficiency (ASE). The conclusions will be supported by the analytical and simulation results verifying the effectiveness of the proposed unified analytical approach. |
10,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Developement of advanced materials for fabricating thin-film absorber layers, and key words: Transistors, Temperature, Methanol, Aerospace materials, Substrates, Instruments, Atmosphere, Bonding, Copper, Chemistry. Abstract: The syntheses and thermal modulation of ternary single source precursors, based on the [{LR}/sub 2/M/sup 1/(SR')/sub 2/In(SR')/sub 2/] architecture in good yields are described. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and Low temperature Differential Scanning Caloriometry, (DSC) demonstrate that controlled manipulation of the steric and electronic properties of either the group five-donor and/or chalcogenide moiety permits directed adjustment of the thermal stability and physical properties of the precursors. TGA-evolved X-ray diffraction studies, EDS and SEM demonstrate that these derivatives afford single-phase I-III-VI/sub 2/ materials at low temperature. In the case where I = Ag, thin films of I-III/sub 5/-VI/sub 8/ type semiconductor are obtained. |
10,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Trajectory Clustering for Aircraft Conflict Detection, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Surveillance, Supervised learning, Clustering algorithms, Traffic control, Airports, Trajectory. Abstract: This paper presents the application of machine learning and open-source data to improve the prediction capability of conflict between aircraft in terminal airspace. An analytical methodology is developed that synthesizes trajectory clustering, classification-based supervised learning, and probabilistic modeling by leveraging publicly available flight data to streamline the probability of conflict and to facilitate the early detection of potential threat in terminal airspace. As such, application of this methodology yields an early detection of potential threats and allows for their resolution ahead of time. The methodology developed outlines a robust and repeatable framework that is applicable across heterogeneous data sets containing multiple aircraft and airport of operations. This framework is implemented on landing data at Zurich airport. The data are retrieved from the OpenSky Network which provides air traffic surveillance data from ADS-B messages. The work concludes by demonstrating the capability of the algorithm on a use case and provides initial guidance for its integration with existing collision avoidance systems. |
10,084 | Please write an abstract with title: SIW Bandpass Filters with Frequency-dependent Coupling for Power Wireless Private Network Communication, and key words: Couplings, Topology, Substrates, Electromagnetic waveguides, Resonators, Electromagnetics. Abstract: This paper presents the design of microwave bandpass filters with frequency-dependent (FDC) coupling for power wireless private network communication. The filters are composed of four resonators arranged in the in-line and folded topology using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The frequency-dependent coupling is implemented bya magnetic coupling iris and a balanced microstrip line with a pair of metallized via-holes, which produces an extra zero in comparison to classical approaches. To verify the characteristics of the proposed FDC, an in-line fourth-order substrate integrated waveguide bandpassfilter (BPF) with one transmission zero and a folded configuration BPF with one small negative slope for independently controlled transmission zero are designed. |
10,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation for UAV Relay-Assisted IoT Communication Networks, and key words: Benchmark testing, Throughput, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Trajectory, Internet of Things, Communication networks, Iterative methods. Abstract: This work studies unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay-assisted Internet of Things (IoT) communication networks in which a UAV is deployed as an aerial base station (BS) to collect time-constrained data from IoT devices and transfer information to a ground gateway (GW). In this context, we jointly optimize the allocated bandwidth, transmission power, as well as the UAV trajectory to maximize the total system throughput while satisfying the user’s latency requirement and the UAV’s limited storage capacity. The formulated problem is strongly non-convex which is very challenging to solve optimally. Towards an appealing solution, we first introduce new variables to convert the original problem into a computationally tractable form, and then develop an iterative algorithm for its solution by leveraging the inner approximation method. Numerical results are given to show significant performance improvement over benchmark schemes. |
10,086 | Please write an abstract with title: Tip-induced polaritonic resonance in scattering-type near-field microscopy, and key words: Resonance, Scattering, Microscopy, Silicon carbide, Optical materials, Electron mobility, Lattices, Frequency, Gold, Chemicals. Abstract: Apertureless near-field probing induces a resonant response in polaritonic (negative-epsilon) materials, demonstrated in 890-1090 cm/sup -1/ spectra (CO/sub 2/ laser) of (i) plasmon-enhancement by mobile electrons in Si, (ii) plasmon-enhancement by the fundamental lattice vibration of SiC. |
10,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Mental registration of 2D and 3D visualizations (an empirical study), and key words: Three dimensional displays, Computer displays, Two dimensional displays, Biomedical imaging, Data visualization, Graphical user interfaces, Navigation, Computer graphics, Usability, User interfaces. Abstract: 2D and 3D views are used together in many visualization domains, such as medical imaging, flow visualization, oceanographic visualization, and computer aided design (CAD). Combining these views into one display can be done by: (1) orientation icon (i.e., separate windows), (2) in-place methods (e.g., clip and cutting planes), and (3) a new method called ExoVis. How 2D and 3D views are displayed affects ease of mental registration (understanding the spatial relationship between views), an important factor influencing user performance. This paper compares the above methods in terms of their ability to support mental registration. Empirical results show that mental registration is significantly easier with in-place displays than with ExoVis, and significantly easier with ExoVis than with orientation icons. Different mental transformation strategies can explain this result. The results suggest that ExoVis may be a better alternative to orientation icons when in-place displays are not appropriate (e.g., when in-place methods hide data or cut the 3D view into several pieces). |
10,088 | Please write an abstract with title: Operon prediction in cyanobacteria using comparative genomics, and key words: Genomics, Bioinformatics, Educational institutions, Performance analysis, Proteins, Prediction methods, Organisms, Predictive models, DNA, Conferences. Abstract: In this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the genome organization of eight publicly available cyanobacterial genomes and of the extensively studied Escherichia coli K12. Our comparison revealed striking similarities in organization of different microbial genomes. We examined the orientation of putative CDS, and distance distribution patterns between adjacent putative CDS in the whole genome as well as between genes within operons and across operon borders. Our results enabled us to calculate distance log-likeihoods for gene pairs to be part of the same operon and to apply this metric to predict operons in two newly sequenced cyanobacterial genomes, Synechococcus OS-A and OS-B'. |
10,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical Study of Electronic Transport in Two-Dimensional Materials, and key words: Industries, Very large scale integration, Logic gates, Insulators, Nanoscale devices, Dielectrics, Object recognition. Abstract: Given the present interest of the VLSI industry on two-dimensional materials, theoretical studies of their charge-transport properties may help us to identify the most promising materials and device structures. Here we focus on three main problems that we must face when undertaking this theoretical task: 1. How to assess critically the accuracy of results obtained using ab initio methods. 2. How to account for the effect that the "dielectric environment" (substrate, gate insulator, metallic gates) may have on the carrier transport. 3. How to deal with quantum-mechanical effects that may control transport in nanometer-scale devices. |
10,090 | Please write an abstract with title: To the Question "Does IT Matter?" Hollywood Answers "Yes", and key words: Motion pictures, Computer industry, Technological innovation, Image generation, Hardware, Electrical equipment industry, Textile industry, Acoustic testing, Image converters, Production. Abstract: Nicholas Carr's question "Does IT Matter?"(to the maintenance of competitive advantage) has been applied to many industries but the one that depends on IT almost exclusively to fabricate its product-motion pictures. In an effort to test Carr's hypothesis, we offer case studies of three distinct periods of technological innovation when the film business was in three different states of industrial organization-the coming of sound, the conversion to widescreen, and the advent of Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)-and conclude that Carr's ideas are applicable in some cases but not in others because the film industry is structurally and technologically unique. |
10,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Photonic WDM microwave filter with negative taps, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Microwave filters, Optical filters, Optical fiber filters, Dispersion, Delay effects, Optical signal processing, Optical modulation, Optical devices, Microwave devices. Abstract: A photonic microwave filter based on WDM technology with negative coefficients is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The scheme allows the synthesis of photonic microwave filters using conventional digital filter design procedures and using mass-market optical devices. |
10,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of anisotropy field dispersion in perpendicular media, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Saturation magnetization, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic recording, Magnetic anisotropy, Micromagnetics, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetostatics, Dispersion. Abstract: Two of the most publicized methods for anisotropy field dispersion characterization, the M-H loop method and the complex transverse susceptibility (TS) method, are evaluated with micromagnetic simulation. For the M-H loop method, the measured parameter is found to be dependent on grain saturation magnetization and easy axis dispersion, but only weakly dependent on intergranular exchange. It also depends on the dispersion of the anisotropy field as originally proposed. For the complex TS method, the technique is calculated to be most dependent on the intergranular exchange and exhibit little dependence on microstructure. |
10,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting outbreaks by time series analysis, and key words: Time series analysis, Event detection, Mathematical model, Economic forecasting, Pathogens, Computer science, Maximum likelihood detection, Mean square error methods, Biological system modeling, Predictive models. Abstract: Exceptional events in a time series are observations which can be regarded as qualitatively significant anomalies. The detection of such events is an interesting problem in several domains, in particular for the generation of alarms in clinical microbiology. We propose an approach to the detection of exceptional events based on model selection. For each mathematical form of a model, we choose the parameters of the model by maximum likelihood techniques. Then we select, among the resulting instantiated models, the model which minimizes the mean square error. An exceptional event is detected with an assigned probability, if an observation lies outside the forecasting region defined by the selected model and a confidence interval. |
10,094 | Please write an abstract with title: A V-band up-converting InP HEMT active mixer with low LO-power requirements, and key words: Indium phosphide, HEMTs, Transceivers, Frequency, Local oscillators, Integrated circuit technology, Wireless LAN, Circuit synthesis, Threshold voltage, Circuit simulation. Abstract: We present a monolithically integrated up-converting active mixer that shifts a signal in the 16 GHz range up to the V-band using a 48 GHz local oscillator (LO) signal. The circuit was realized with the 0.2 μm InP HEMT in-house process of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich using coplanar-waveguide technology. Measurements of the fabricated circuit show a peak conversion gain of 1 dB at 64.5 GHz for -1.7 dBm LO power, LO suppression better than 30 dB and input third-order intercept point of -1.6 dBm. This mixer will be employed in the signal up-conversion path of a 60 GHz transceiver for indoor wireless LANs. |
10,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Power Supply Mode of Distribution Network Based on Three-phase to Single-phase AC_DC_AC Converter, and key words: Power supplies, Power harmonic filters, Distribution networks, Load modeling, Power quality, Inverters, Reliability. Abstract: With the development of distribution network, the three-phase unbalance caused by increasingly complex loads affects the safety and economic operation of the power grid. For solving three-phase unbalanced problem, the power supply mode of the distribution network based on the three-phase to single-phase ac/dc/ac converter is proposed in this paper. A control method of a three-phase to single-phase ac/dc/ac converter is given, this power supply mode is evaluated from the aspects of equipment reliability, investment and construction cost, operation and maintenance cost and power quality. A distribution network power supply module based on three-phase to single-phase ac/dc/ac converter is implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that the proposed power supply method is feasible and has good reference for the planning and construction of distribution network. |
10,096 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.15μW 5.54mm<sup>3</sup> Implant with a Bidirectional Neural Sensor and Stimulator SoC utilizing Bi-Phasic Quasi-static Brain Communication achieving 6kbps-10Mbps Uplink with Compressive Sensing and RO-PUF based Collision Avoidance, and key words: Energy loss, Power demand, Neural implants, Very large scale integration, Downlink, Energy efficiency, Safety. Abstract: To solve the challenge of powering and communication in a brain implant with low end-end energy loss, we present Bi-Phasic Quasi-static Brain Communication (BP-QBC), achieving < 60dB worst-case channel loss, and ~41X lower power w.r.t. traditional Galvanic body channel communication (G-BCC) at a carrier frequency of 1MHz (~6X lower power than G-BCC at 10MHz) by blocking DC current paths through the brain tissue. An additional 16X improvement in net energy-efficiency (pJ/b) is achieved through compressive sensing (CS), allowing a scalable (6kbps-10Mbps) duty-cycled uplink (UL) from the implant to an external wearable, while reducing the active power consumption to 0.52μW at 10Mbps, i.e. within the range of harvested body-coupled power in the downlink (DL), with externally applied electric currents < 1/5th of ICNIRP safety limits. BP-QBC eliminates the need for sub-cranial interrogators, utilizing quasi-static electrical signals for end-to-end BCC, avoiding transduction losses. |
10,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Facial features detection robust to pose, illumination and identity, and key words: Facial features, Face detection, Robustness, Lighting, Humans, Computer vision, Skin, Pixel, Cybernetics, Laboratories. Abstract: This work addresses the problem of automatic detection of salient facial features. Face images are described using local normalized Gaussian receptive fields. Face features are learned using a clustering of the Gaussian derivative responses. We have found that a single cluster provides a robust detector for salient facial features robust to pose, illumination and identity. We describe how this cluster is learned and which facial features have found to be salient. |
10,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Approximate Markov Modeling of High-Reliability Telecommunications Systems, and key words: Steady-state, Redundancy, Predictive models, Prototypes, Stochastic systems, Switches, Telecommunication switching, Ear, Equations, Conferences. Abstract: The reliability model of a system with redundancy but only a single repairman is Markov only if the component failure rates and the repair rate are constants. This paper introduces a method with which a reliability analyst can formulate an approximate (time-homogeneous) Markov model for a system with 1-out-of-2 redundancy when repair is nonexponential (repair rate is time-dependent). This approximate model yields accurate steady-state predictions of system reliability when time-to-repair is orders of magnitude smaller than timeto-component-failure, as is typical in high-reliability telecommunications systems. Transition rates and error bounds for the approximate model are given based on the first three moments of the repair time distribution. An application of the method is shown for the system in which repair time is composed of a "next day" parts delivery phase followed by an on-site repair phase. |
10,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive tracking within prescribed funnels, and key words: Error correction, Control systems, Nonlinear systems, Differential equations, Feedback control, Gain measurement, Shape measurement, Shape control, Performance gain, Output feedback. Abstract: Output tracking of a reference signal (an absolutely continuous bounded function with essentially bounded derivative) is considered in a context of a class of nonlinear systems described by functional differential equations. The primary control objective is tracking with prescribed accuracy: given /spl lambda/ > 0 (arbitrarily small), ensure that, for every admissible system and reference signal, the tracking error e is ultimately smaller than /spl lambda/ (that is, /spl par/e(t)/spl par/ < /spl lambda/ for all t sufficiently large). The second objective is guaranteed transient performance: the evolution of the tracking error should be contained in a prescribed performance funnel F. Adopting the simple feedback control structure u(t) = -k(t)e(t), it is shown that the above objectives can be achieved if the gain k(t) = K/sub F/(t,e(t)) is generated by any continuous function K/sub F/ exhibiting two specific properties formulated in terms of the distance of e(t) to the funnel boundary. |
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