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10,100 | Please write an abstract with title: SRWGANTV: Image Super-Resolution Through Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks with Total Variational Regularization, and key words: Training, TV, Superresolution, Benchmark testing, Generative adversarial networks, Task analysis, Research and development. Abstract: The study of generative adversarial networks (GAN) has enormously promoted the research work on single image super-resolution (SISR) problem. SRGAN firstly apply GAN to SISR reconstruction, which has achieved good results. However, SRGAN sacrifices the fidelity. At the same time, it is well known that the GANs are difficult to train and the improper training fails the SISR results easily. Recently, Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) has been proposed to alleviate these issues at the expense of performance of the model with a relatively simple training process. However, we find that applying WGAN-GP to SISR still suffers from training instability, leading to failure to obtain a good SR result. To address this problem, we present an image super resolution framework base on enhanced WGAN (SRWGAN-TV). We introduce the total variational (TV) regularization term into the loss function of WGAN. The total variational (TV) regularization term can stabilize the network training and improve the quality of generated images. Experimental results on public datasets show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in both quantitative and qualitative measurements. |
10,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Network Traffic Prediction Model Based on Neural Network, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Predictive models, Autoregressive processes, Time series analysis, Computational modeling, Recurrent neural networks, Mathematical model. Abstract: Network traffic prediction has become an important means for network security monitoring and security assessment. Through network traffic prediction, it can detect network failures effectively, optimize network performance and ensure network security. This paper proposes a network traffic prediction model based on neural network which combined deep recurrent neural network (RNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network applied to the network traffic prediction. The analytical results are verified by numerical computation and simulations. It is shown that the network traffic prediction result of the model is close to the actual value of the network traffic in the real environment. |
10,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Analog filter adaptation using a dithered linear search algorithm, and key words: Nonlinear filters, Hardware, Least squares approximation, Robustness, Adaptive filters, Time measurement, Analog computers, Educational institutions, Digital filters, Convergence. Abstract: A variation of the differential steepest descent algorithm, here called the dithered linear search (DLS), is examined and applied to analog filter adaptation. The DLS algorithm is a gradient descent optimizer with a straightforward and robust hardware implementation. Gradient estimates are obtained by applying independent additive dither to all of the filter's parameters simultaneously and correlating the resulting changes in the output squared error to the dither signals. Unlike the popular LMS algorithm, the DLS algorithm does not require access to the filter's internal states. No additional analog hardware is required making it ideal for adaptive analog filters in mixed-signal systems. A theoretical analysis shows no gradient misalignment. The algorithm is verified on an integrated analog filter. The effects of dc offsets are also examined. |
10,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Value at Risk Performance in BRICS countries, and key words: Optical fibers, Reactive power, Atmospheric measurements, Gaussian distribution, Particle measurements, Reliability, Risk management. Abstract: This study aims to verify the actuary of the VaR model to find out whether the VaR model can provide accurate risk measurement results for market risk, especially the stock exchange market of BRICS, particularly historical VaR and delta normal VaR model. We used the POF test and independence test of Kupiec - Christoffersen (1998), which is commonly used to determine the accuracy of VaR for the backtesting VaR model. The result of the risk measurement performance for historical VaR provides a reasonably reliable VaR over delta normal by using Kupiec's POF-test for VaR model accuracy. The independence test of Christoffersen(1998) indicates exceptions to dependency (failures) in the historical VaR and delta normal VaR model. |
10,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Partial Discharge Identification Based on Unsupervised Representation Learning Under Repetitive Impulse Excitation With Ultra-Fast Slew-Rate, and key words: Partial discharge, pattern recognition, repetitive impulse voltage, representation learning, transformer framework. Abstract: Power electronic devices are widely used in renewable power systems, and the characteristics of partial discharge (PD) signals under repetitive impulse excitation are vastly different from those observed under power frequency excitation, causing many pattern recognition methods to fail. This paper proposes a improved identification method based on representation learning that can directly process PD sequences received by ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors. First, a representation learning architecture based on the Transformer Encoder module is proposed and the model is pretrained in an unsupervised manner to extract features from the raw input discharge sequences. Then, the extracted features are processed using the ridge regression classifier to achieve end-to-end PD source identification. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through an experimental study, achieving an improved accuracy of 98.6%, which is better than classical PD identification deep learning models under repetitive impulse voltage. Furthermore, the model exhibits strong robustness against noise interference and sampling rates. The effectiveness of the model was also tested on an inverter-fed motor stator device. To further validate its practical applicability, it is essential to collect diverse PD data from various electrical equipment. |
10,105 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on the Relationship between TMT’s Overconfidence and Green Innovation, and key words: Technological innovation, Green products, Production, Companies, Regulation, Manufacturing, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: China’s environmental regulations are increasingly stringent to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In this context, more enterprises carry out green innovation practice. As the decision-maker and the person who allocate resources in an enterprise, the characteristics of top management team (TMT) have an impact on the strategic practice and performance of green innovation. Based on data of A-shares listed manufacturing companies from 2019 to 2020, we explore the relationship between TMT’s overconfidence and green innovation behavior from three dimensions, green supply process innovation, green production process innovation and green distribution process innovation. The results show that the overconfident TMT facilitates green production process innovation and green distribution process innovation. |
10,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple access optical devices in organic-mineral material, and key words: Optical devices, Optical materials, Organic materials, Optical buffering, Multiaccess communication, Integrated optics, Optical polymers, Wavelength division multiplexing, Coupling circuits, Optical refraction. Abstract: The optical fiber, which offers a large bandwidth (about five TeraHertz per telecommunication window), can be fully used only if the techniques of multiple access are sufficiently effective. Our technology based on an organic-inorganic material, offers a solution for the realization of coupling and decoupling of the transmitted channels. In addition to a multiplexer with division by wavelength (WDM), we study here a system of multiple access with division by code (CDMA) as an alternative effective means of resource sharing when flexibility on the level of the number of users is desirable. |
10,107 | Please write an abstract with title: A solution to QoS control and availability promotion in complex grid computing, and key words: Grid computing, Availability, Quality management, Failure analysis, Performance analysis, Measurement, Degradation, Quality control, Virtual environment, Environmental management. Abstract: Complex computational tasks are combinations of multiple independent computational subtasks related by data dependency. Grid environments bring out new challenges to their running, one of which is the normality and performance. To guarantee the running quality and survive failures, availability management and multiple quality promotion ways are adopted in the process of complex task running. It requires no or little change to legacy computational programs. Quantified user's requirements are the goal to performance measuring and availability management. In the process of a task running, the availability management framework monitors, analyzes performance measurements, controls performance degradations, and tolerates failures. Besides this, multiple auxiliary methods help improve the effectiveness of quality control, which includes: to construct computation-matched virtual environments, to raise the correctness of program running, and to decrease management costs. The grid computation running support system implemented under this design is extensible, adaptable, universal, stable and highly available. |
10,108 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage Drop Mitigation by Adaptive Voltage Scaling using Clock-Data Compensation, and key words: Clocks, Voltage control, Threshold voltage, Delays, Power supplies, Monitoring. Abstract: High-frequency power supply noise compromises performance and energy efficiency of microprocessor-based products, restricting the maximum frequency of operation for electronic systems and decreasing device reliability. A guard band needs to be set in order to tolerate voltage drops without having any execution problem but leading to a performance reduction. This work proposes a technique to enhance voltage drop tolerance through adaptive scaling, taking advantage of the clock-data compensation effect. The proposed solution is validated with test cases in a FinFet CMOS technology at a post-layout simulation level, reaching from 6% up to 30% more voltage drop tolerance. |
10,109 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordination of Maintenance and Flexibility Retrofit of Coal-fired Units in Generation Scheduling, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Asia, Maintenance engineering, Regulation, Power systems, Mixed integer linear programming. Abstract: The volatility and uncertainty of ever-increasing renewable energy pose various challenges to the regulation capability of the low-carbon power systems. Enhancing the flexibility of existing coal-fired units is a cost-effective method to address this issue, especially in coal-dominated regions. This paper considers that the flexibility retrofit of coal-fired units can be coordinated with the maintenance periods. It proposes a co-optimization framework of maintenance and flexibility retrofit of coal-fired units in the medium- and long-term generation scheduling. The problem is modeled in the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation, and it is solved by a generalized Benders Decomposition algorithm. The validity of the model is demonstrated through a case study involving the half-year operation of a modified IEEE 6-bus system. |
10,110 | Please write an abstract with title: A new bit-allocating algorithm for adaptive OFDM transmission system, and key words: Adaptive systems, Bit error rate, OFDM modulation, Demodulation, Fading, Information science, Computer simulation, Bit rate, Mobile communication, Interference. Abstract: This paper studies the bit loading algorithm for adaptive OFDM transmission system, and proposes an improved scheme called shifting-threshold algorithm. Using computer simulations, we show that the OFDM system employing the shifting threshold algorithm can enhance bit rate. On BER performance, the shifting threshold algorithm is better than fixed threshold algorithm. |
10,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact fiber laser for 589 nm laser guide star generation, and key words: Fiber lasers, Laser modes, Optical fiber devices, Adaptive optics, Power lasers, Laser tuning, Laser transitions, Diodes, Laboratories, Resonance. Abstract: In this paper, we developed an all-fiber laser system for generating a 589 nm source for laser-guided adaptive optics. The design is based on sum-frequency mixing two fiber lasers in a nonlinear material to produce a CW output at the desired wavelength. Combining an Er/Yb:doped fiber laser operating at 1583 nm with a 938 nm Nd:silica fiber laser, one can generate 589 nm via sum-frequency mixing in a periodically poled crystal. The integrated system design and performance is presented |
10,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on post-arc reignition phenomena for 40.5kV vacuum interrupter, and key words: Interrupters, Electrodes, Voltage control, Switching circuits, Electrical resistance measurement, Circuit breakers, Switched capacitor circuits, Probability, Contacts, Switches. Abstract: Men interrupting capacitors or short circuit fault by a vacuum circuit breaker, post-arc reignition occurs frequently resulting in a high overvoltage and even interruption failure. In order to research reignition phenomena, this paper proposed a' synthetic circuit which can apply a DC recovery voltage after current zero for a long period. Through plenty of experiments, reignition characteristics of 40.5kV commercial vacuum interrupters are measured. Some factors including interrupting current, electrode separation and structure which may affect reignition characteristics are studied. For simulating capacitor switching or short circuit interruption, a arcing specific current value is interrupted (400A, 630A, 800A for capacitors and 6.3kA. 12.5kA, 16kA, 20kA, 25kA for short circuit). Under various electrode separations, the statistical probability of reignition is obtained. As a result, the best scope of electrode separation is put forward, in which the probability of reignition is lower and post-arc withstand voltage is higher. For 40.5kV commercial vacuum interrupter, this range is from 15mm to 18mm.. Furthermore, it is found that after some interruption at a specific current value, a full conditioning effect is reached and the probability of reignition decreases obviously. |
10,113 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects buried in layered media using Born and distorted Born iterative methods, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Iterative methods, Image reconstruction, Nonlinear distortion, Electromagnetic scattering, Inverse problems, Fast Fourier transforms, Apertures, Predistortion, Buried object detection. Abstract: We develop electromagnetic inverse scattering methods to reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) objects buried in layered media. The nonlinear inverse problem is solved iteratively via the conjugate-gradient approach; within each iteration, the problem is linearized by Born and distorted Born approximations. The forward solution for layered media is provided by the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform method. The inversion results from the Born and distorted Born iterative methods are presented, and the effects of the aperture size and noise on the inversion results are also investigated. Numerical results show that these methods are capable of reconstructing an arbitrary 3-D inhomogeneous object buried in a multilayered medium with high resolution. |
10,114 | Please write an abstract with title: Prospects of using Dynamic Thermal Rating for a Reliable Power System Network: A Review, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Power transmission lines, Costs, Power system dynamics, Power system stability, Power system reliability, Smart grids. Abstract: A review of the prospects of Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR) of transmission lines for a reliable Power System Network is presented here. The generation of power not matching load demands have been an operational issue in many parts of the world. However, conventional generators and congested transmission lines cannot meet these challenges, hence a call for the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), first to complement the generation and second to meet up with the cutting of greenhouse gas emissions. As clean as they are, RES exhibit intermittency and need a technology that will consider this dynamism in wheeling out power from them. The operation of transmission lines has long been below their thermal and current capacities, but DTR technology deployment has shown to increase these capacities without the need to construct new ones. DTRs regulate line ratings adequately, safely, and securely based on real-time weather conditions beyond the traditional Static Thermal Rating (STR). It does this without infringing on ground clearance. In many works of literature, DTR enabled lines have been found to have high reliability, stability, improved capacity utilisation, Return on Investment, and effectiveness in power system planning and operations when incorporated with other smart grid technologies. |
10,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Unified Multirate Control: From Low-Level Actuation to High-Level Planning, and key words: Trajectory, Planning, Computational modeling, Markov processes, Predictive control, Aerospace electronics, Decision making. Abstract: In this article, we present a hierarchical multirate control architecture for nonlinear autonomous systems operating in partially observable environments. Control objectives are expressed using syntactically co-safe linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications and the nonlinear system is subject to state and input constraints. At the highest level of abstraction, we model the system–environment interaction using a discrete mixed observable Markov decision process, where the environment states are partially observed. The high-level control policy is used to update the constraint sets and cost function of a model predictive controller (MPC) which plans a reference trajectory. Afterward, the MPC planned trajectory is fed to a low-level high-frequency tracking controller, which leverages control barrier functions to guarantee bounded tracking errors. Our strategy is based on model abstractions of increasing complexity and layers running at different frequencies. We show that the proposed hierarchical multirate control architecture maximizes the probability of satisfying the high-level specifications, while guaranteeing state and input constraint satisfaction. Finally, we tested the proposed strategy in simulations and experiments on examples inspired by the Mars exploration mission, where only partial environment observations are available. |
10,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Tools in Practical Applications: Selection and Evaluation Methodology, and key words: Measurement, Computer science, Machine learning, Tools, Prediction algorithms, History, Forecasting. Abstract: We call a set of programs a Prediction Tool (PT) that can be used to solve a particular applied prediction problem, for example, predicting the volumes of traffic under consideration at certain points in the future. The goal may also be a forecast for the network administrator. We analyze the information on the input data used for prediction and the choice of the predictors to be used among a set of predictors.The paper analyzes procedures for choosing a predictor during implementation of prediction online scheme.The predictability properties of random sequences, and the required and achievable accuracy based on estimating the conditional probability of prediction over past history results. Although some of these issues have been considered in sufficient detail in the literature, for example, the analysis of predictability measures, accuracy metrics, however, as will be shown, they are more focused on the problems of constructing specific prediction algorithms rather than focus on the choice of existing predictor from a given predictor set.It is shown how the specified properties of sequences and probability estimates affect the quality of the choice of predictors. Based on this analysis, a rule for choosing a predictor based on the results of previous (potential) predictions is formulated. |
10,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Bearing Fault Based on Multi-class Recurrent Neural Network, and key words: Vibrations, Training, Recurrent neural networks, Wavelet domain, Feature extraction, Wavelet analysis, Wavelet packets. Abstract: Aiming at the strong correlation between the current state of the bearing and the state information of the previous moment, this paper proposes to use the multi-class recurrent neural network (RNN) to classify and predict the bearing fault. The bearing vibration and current information are collected from three directions of the shaft. The sliding window is used to reduce the noise of the signal, so as to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio of bearing fault signal in actual production. The wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction technology is used to extract the features, and the bearing signal is converted from the time domain to the frequency domain to construct the features, and the bearing information entropy and wavelet energy are extracted. Three recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are combined to build multi-class RNNs, and the classification and prediction of bearing fault categories were carried out. After training and testing, the model was evaluated by using confusion matrix, and the results verified the effectiveness of the model. |
10,118 | Please write an abstract with title: Representation based Few-Shot Learning for Brand-logo Detection, and key words: Representation learning, Image recognition, Target recognition, Simulation, Transfer learning, Detectors, Object detection. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an attention-net based few-shot object detection (AN-FSOD) model for brand-logo detection and recognition. With the fact that brand-logo detection has many distinct properties: tiny objects, similar brands, and adversarial images, most of the current FSOD approaches, motivated by meta-learning, metric-learning and transfer learning techniques, typically perform less-effective due to the difficulties on target region allocation. The proposed AN-FSOD aims to locate the region of the brand-logo targets, achieved by a well- trained attention-net, therefore providing an explicit feature maps for detection and classification. An end-to-end feature extractor and target detector model is established, implementing with a simultaneous parameter fine-tuning with respect to the few-shot dataset. Extensive simulations have confirmed that the proposed AN-FSOD gains significantly better performance than the vanilla FSOD model and the majority of the feature extractor aligned model on a public brand-logo dataset. |
10,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Difference Distribution Analysis Based on Monte Carlo Method, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Temperature, Wind speed, Conferences, Mathematical models, Trajectory, Safety. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of actual flight path prediction, a basic concept of trajectory prediction is introduced. This concept is based on mathematical models but does not take practical factors into account. This article has collected 200 QAR data at a certain airport, to find out the factors that would cause deviation between predicted trajectory and actual trajectory and use Monte Carlo method to simulate the track distribution. Determine the error distribution and confidence of performance simulation trajectory. The research shows the distributions between real trajectory and simulated trajectory. |
10,120 | Please write an abstract with title: A Class of High Gain Active-Switched-Capacitor Z-Networks with Continuous Input Current, and key words: Network topology, Simulation, Semiconductor devices, Switches, Voltage, High-voltage techniques, Power electronics. Abstract: Z-source converters are one the most propitious devices in energy conversion applications. Former Z-network structures offer relatively low boosting factors while using a high number of passive components which yields a high converter size and weight and reduced efficiency. To address these problems, numerous converters have been proposed that exploit an active switch within the Z-network, such as the switched boost/quasi-switched boost networks (SB/qSBNs). In this paper, two active-switched-capacitor Z-networks are proposed. The active switch embedded in the proposed networks enables switched-capacitors concept to be realized in both, which leads to higher voltage gains. The proposed networks also feature a continuous input current. In addition, both benefit the advantage of low ratings of semiconductor devices. The Operating principles and mathematical derivations are carried out. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical assumptions. |
10,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Pruning and Quantizing Neural Belief Propagation Decoders, and key words: Iterative decoding, Maximum likelihood decoding, Belief propagation, Quantization (signal), Task analysis, Optimization, Neural networks. Abstract: We consider near maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of short linear block codes. In particular, we propose a novel decoding approach based on neural belief propagation (NBP) decoding recently introduced by Nachmani et al. in which we allow a different parity-check matrix in each iteration of the algorithm. The key idea is to consider NBP decoding over an overcomplete parity-check matrix and use the weights of NBP as a measure of the importance of the check nodes (CNs) to decoding. The unimportant CNs are then pruned. In contrast to NBP, which performs decoding on a given fixed parity-check matrix, the proposed pruning-based neural belief propagation (PB-NBP) typically results in a different parity-check matrix in each iteration. For a given complexity in terms of CN evaluations, we show that PB-NBP yields significant performance improvements with respect to NBP. We apply the proposed decoder to the decoding of a Reed-Muller code, a short low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, and a polar code. PB-NBP outperforms NBP decoding over an overcomplete parity-check matrix by 0.27-0.31 dB while reducing the number of required CN evaluations by up to 97%. For the LDPC code, PB-NBP outperforms conventional belief propagation with the same number of CN evaluations by 0.52 dB. We further extend the pruning concept to offset min-sum decoding and introduce a pruning-based neural offset min-sum (PB-NOMS) decoder, for which we jointly optimize the offsets and the quantization of the messages and offsets. We demonstrate performance 0.5 dB from ML decoding with 5-bit quantization for the Reed-Muller code. |
10,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Strategic Bidding Model for Load Service Entities Considering Priced-Based and Incentive-Based Demand Response, and key words: demand response, load serving entities, Karush-Kuhn-Tucher conditions, strong duality theory. Abstract: Due to the volatility of energy purchase prices caused by the randomness of new energy generation, load serving entities (LSEs) as electricity retailers are at risk of lost profits. Demand response has the potential to help smooth price volatility by alleviating energy shortages. However, it is difficult for LSEs to formulate an optimal bidding strategy because of the demand response uncertainty. Therefore, to maximize the profits of LSEs, this paper proposes a bi-level strategic bidding model for LSEs considering priced-based and incentive-based demand response. Based on the survey dataset, the upper bound of reliable aggregate capacity is determined with chance constraints. The upper and lower level problems are decoupled by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher conditions, and the objective function is linearized by the strong duality theory. Finally, the bi-level model is transformed into a mathematical problem with equilibrium constraints. With this method, LSEs can determine optimal incentive prices and bidding capacities to avoid extreme energy prices for maximum profit. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a modified IEEE 39 bus system. |
10,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic coding of speech at 4.8 kb/s, and key words: Speech coding, Linear predictive coding, Speech analysis, Power harmonic filters, Vocoders, Harmonic analysis, Hardware, Speech synthesis, Interpolation, Robustness. Abstract: This paper describes a new speech coding technique which yields improved speech quality over existing 2.4 kb/s LPC vocoders. The method is computationally efficient and operates at a data rate of 4.8 kb/s. Each speech frame is initially classified as voiced or unvoiced. Unvoiced frames are synthesized using a linear predictive coding filter with noise or multipulse excitation. Voiced frames are synthesized using a sum of sinusoids. The frequency of each sinusoid is defined by peaks in the frequency spectrum. A new interpolation technique provides a computationally efficient method of locating the spectral peaks. A real-time, fully quantized version has been implemented in hardware. |
10,124 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of Glass-based 3D Package Architectures with Embedded Dies for High Performance Computing, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, High performance computing, Thermomechanical processes, Glass, Computer architecture, Resists, Packaging. Abstract: This paper presents a technology demonstration of two novel 3D glass-based architectures for high performance computing applications. Current 3D technologies are limited by Through Silicon Vias (TSVs), and the proposed approached based on Glass Panel Embedding (GPE) eliminates TSVs resulting in a more robust 3D packaging platform that supports a variety of architectures. Two such architectures are designed and demonstrated in this paper. The first test vehicle shows multiple dies embedded and interconnected in a glass cavity, along with dies assembled on top using a microbump interface. The second test vehicle shows a 50x50 mm glass interposer package with 4 dies embedded in the core, 8 HBM emulators & 2 large SoCs assembled on top at 35 micron-bump pitch. |
10,125 | Please write an abstract with title: 20.3 A 60GHz 186.5dBc/Hz FoM Quad-Core Fundamental VCO Using Circular Triple-Coupled Transformer with No Mode Ambiguity in 65nm CMOS, and key words: Phase noise, Q-factor, Inductance, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Harmonic analysis, Topology, Inductors. Abstract: The recent development of the 5th-generation (5G) communication sytems has set increasingly strict requirements on the spectral purity of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) local oscillators (LO). Low phase noise is crucial to enable advanced modulation formats for high communication data-rates. Much effort has been made to improve the phase noise performance of the mm-wave LOs. A lower frequency voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) together with a frequency multiplier can lower the phase noise [1]; however, the high-order harmonic components in VCOs are usually very weak, which requires additional power-consuming mm-wave amplification stages to satisfy the LO swing requirement. For single mm-wave fundamental VCOs, the minimal achievable phase noise is bounded by the smallest realizable inductor that displays a high Q factor. To avoid the “small inductor” problem, N oscillators with relatively large inductors can be coupled together to improve the phase noise by 10log<sub>10</sub>(N) [2-5]. Authors in [2] presented a quad-core bipolar VCO working around 15GHz as shown in Fig. 20.3.1 (Left), where four one-turn inductors are star-connected with the active cores placed in the middle. Resistors (Rc) are added to avoid undesired multi-tone concurrent oscillations. However, the four one-turn inductors still suffer from the Q-factor drop when the inductance decreases, thus limiting the highest achievable oscillation frequency. Besides, VDD at the inductor central taps and VSS at the tail current source are far from each other, making the V<sub>DD</sub>-V<sub>SS</sub> current return path long. This path has to be carefully modeled in simulations, especially in the mm-wave frequency range, where the return path inductance is comparable to the tank inductance. Instead of the star-connected topology, authors in [3] presented a circular-connected quad-core VCO working close to 30GHz, where the inductors are arranged in a circular topology as shown in Fig. 20.3.1 (Middle). The destructive coupling between the inner edges inside a small inductor is eliminated. Therefore, the minimal realizable inductance is further reduced while keeping a high Q factor. The central taps are connected by narrow metal traces to avoid latching and mode ambiguity. The VCO adopts a CMOS configuration, which limits the highest operating frequency. It would be difficult for this topology to be adopted in NMOS-only VCOs because the central taps have to be resistively isolated to suppress unwanted modes; therefore, they cannot be connected to the AC-ground power supply simultaneously as required by the NMOS-only configuration. Due to the lack of harmonic impedance control in the circular inductors, extra tail filtering transformers are added to improve the phase noise. |
10,126 | Please write an abstract with title: The Grand Challenges Scholars Program 12 Years Later: A New Vision, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Technological innovation, Viterbi algorithm, Planets, Entrepreneurship, Reflection, Trajectory. Abstract: In 2009, following the announcement in 2008 by the US National Academy of Engineering of the Grand Challenges for Engineering, three engineering institutions, namely the Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Olin College and the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, announced the creation of a program, the Grand Challenges Scholars Program (GCSP), designated to help preparing the engineers who will solve these Grand Challenges. The largely-outside-the-curriculum program emphasizes the development of mindsets, in addition to skills and competencies, along the following five areas: Research and Project Learning; Interdisciplinarity; Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Cultural Understanding; and Societal Consciousness. The program calls for the development of knowledge, skills, and mindsets for engineering students to help continue life on the planet as we know it, namely sustainable, healthy, secure, and joyful. This paper discusses the history of the program and expands on its continuation and the potential attributes of the engineer of the future including the attribute of trustworthiness. |
10,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic properties of large-area particle arrays fabricated using block copolymer lithography, and key words: Magnetic properties, Lithography, Magnetic particles, Polymers, Etching, Materials science and technology, Cobalt, Self-assembly, Shape, Nanoparticles. Abstract: 50-nm period arrays of Co particles with widths of 35 nm and heights of 5-20 nm have been made using a self-assembled block copolymer lithography. The magnetic particles have in-plane anisotropy due to their shape, and show thermally activated reversal with an activation volume larger than their physical volume, which is attributed to magnetic interactions between the particles. |
10,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Model of a Centralized System for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, and key words: Quality assurance, Accreditation, Standards, Software systems, Compass, Europe. Abstract: Quality assurance in higher education is a task that is invariably the focus of the authorities. Quality standards place increasingly higher demands on educational institutions. Quality assurance procedures are cumbersome, they require a large amount of information to be collected by the higher education staff, information which is subject to verification by experts from the evaluating institution. The use of a centralized software system for external quality evaluation will unify the accreditation procedures and will attribute to their optimization. This article proposes a formal generalized net model of a centralized system for quality assurance in higher education. It aims to outline principles, guidelines, models and processes that guide the creation of specific software applications. The model described is based on our experience in creating and using the COMPASS stand-alone application for (self)assessment and accreditation in higher education. |
10,129 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-Stage Cooperative Evolutionary Algorithm With Problem-Specific Knowledge for Energy-Efficient Scheduling of No-Wait Flow-Shop Problem, and key words: Job shop scheduling, Energy consumption, Search problems, Steel, Optimization, Manufacturing. Abstract: Green scheduling in the manufacturing industry has attracted increasing attention in academic research and industrial applications with a focus on energy saving. As a typical scheduling problem, the no-wait flow-shop scheduling has been extensively studied due to its wide industrial applications. However, energy consumption is usually ignored in the study of typical scheduling problems. In this article, a two-stage cooperative evolutionary algorithm with problem-specific knowledge called TS-CEA is proposed to address energy-efficient scheduling of the no-wait flow-shop problem (EENWFSP) with the criteria of minimizing both makespan and total energy consumption. In TS-CEA, two constructive heuristics are designed to generate a desirable initial solution after analyzing the properties of the problem. In the first stage of TS-CEA, an iterative local search strategy (ILS) is employed to explore potential extreme solutions. Moreover, a hybrid neighborhood structure is designed to improve the quality of the solution. In the second stage of TS-CEA, a mutation strategy based on critical path knowledge is proposed to extend the extreme solutions to the Pareto front. Moreover, a co-evolutionary closed-loop system is generated with ILS and mutation strategies in the iteration process. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of TS-CEA in solving the EENWFSP. |
10,130 | Please write an abstract with title: Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine using Genetic and Fuzzy Algorithm, and key words: Permanent magnet machines, Transient response, PI control, Simulation, Velocity control, Genetics, Market research. Abstract: This paper investigates the different advanced algorithms employed for the speed control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). Speed control is achieved by tuning the PI controller with fuzzy and genetic algorithm. Finally, the results are compared with the conventional method of PI tuning. The simulation process has been carried out in MATLAB. |
10,131 | Please write an abstract with title: D2D Covert Communications With Safety Area, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Relays, Transmitters, Safety, Receivers, Optimization, Wireless communication. Abstract: In this article, we investigate device-to-device (D2D) relay enabled covert communications. Safety zone is employed to isolate the eavesdroppers from the transmitters and receivers. Different from majority of the existing studies considering fixed relays, dynamic relay selection is first considered for covert communications in this article. Additionally, we formulate dynamic relay selection and power allocation into an infinite-horizon time-average renewal-reward problem subject to the time average constraint on a collection of penalty processes. Furthermore, a novel Lyapunov optimization concepts based drift-plus-penalty algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The numerical results demonstrate that the validity of the proposed dynamic relay selection by comparing its performance with its benchmarks. |
10,132 | Please write an abstract with title: A DC Model for Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Analysis of Their Performance as Voltage Amplifiers, and key words: Analytical models, Voltage measurement, Biological system modeling, MIMICs, Biomedical measurement, Transistors, Mathematical model. Abstract: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have received significant attention especially in biomedical applications. Despite many efforts on modeling these transistors, simulating OECT-based circuits is still a challenge due to the absence of accurate mathematical models. In this paper a DC model for p-type depletion-mode OECTs is proposed that more closely mimics their characteristics compared to the Bernards–Malliaras (B–M) model. Although OECTs are mostly used as transconductance amplifiers, their use as voltage amplifiers is investigated here with measurements at various drain-source voltages. Compared to the B–M model, the proposed model has better matching up to 3.6% between simulations and measurements of the analyzed transistors. |
10,133 | Please write an abstract with title: A distance learning framework for automatic instructor replies: articulable tacit knowledge used for feedback upon request, and key words: Computer aided instruction, Feedback, Knowledge management, Artificial intelligence, Learning, Cognitive science, Collaborative tools, Educational programs, Educational technology, Automatic testing. Abstract: Distance learning has many facets, ranging from technology implementations to assessment methods. The last decade has seen an increased number of tools to facilitate virtual classrooms and collaboration. However, feedback and evaluation are only partially automated in online courses. This paper largely follows knowledge management theories and artificial intelligent techniques, developing a framework to capture and manage automated responses to student replies. The instructor's tacit knowledge plays a direct role in augmenting class participation, learning communities, and feedback evaluation. Conceptual graphs are proposed to extract tacit knowledge from instructors written responses and to assist in externalizing it for future re-use. A question answering task is presented to illustrate the relationship between mental models and conceptual graphs and the mechanism to select responses through keyword match. |
10,134 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Performance Evaluation of 5G MIMO Networks employing NOMA via System-Link Level Simulations, and key words: Performance evaluation, NOMA, Interference cancellation, 5G mobile communication, Bit error rate, Receivers, Massive MIMO. Abstract: In this paper the performance of a proposed non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in a fifth-generation (5G) multicellular orientation is evaluated. To this end, a hybrid system-link level simulator has been developed, making the performance evaluation of 5G orientations feasible for various radio resource management strategies. In particular, simulations were performed for a two-tier cellular network (i.e., 57 active sectors) and multiple antennas at both transmission ends (multiple input multiple output - MIMO configuration). According to the presented results, considering a $2 \times 2$ MIMO configuration, the total network throughput can be significantly increased when NOMA is employed, without any mean bit error rate (BER) deterioration compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) transmission. Importantly, this improvement is achieved with minimum transceiver complexity since the results were derived without employing successive interference cancellation at the receiver side. |
10,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Indoor Pedestrian Positioning Method Based on Pelvic Motion Model Using Inertial Sensors, and key words: Knee, Legged locomotion, Mechatronics, Estimation, Thigh, Pelvis, Acceleration. Abstract: Indoor positioning technology has been widespreadly studied by researchers at home and abroad. The sensor located at pelvis is used to estimate the location of human by acceleration. The existence of the acceleration error will lead to the increasing position error after double integrations. Step length algorithm using foot-mounted inertial sensor need to use Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) method to reset velocity in order to reduce accumulated error. In this paper, we propose a new position method based on the pelvic motion model. The center of the pelvic is selected as the root point. The five sensors are located at the shank, thigh and the pelvis to measure the kinematics of the lower limbs. First, the coordinate values of the left and right knee joints are calculated by the rotation matrix. The roll obtained from the sensor attached to the shank is used to estimate the horizontal distance from the ankle to the knee joint. The yaw is used to estimate the heading of pedestrian. Finally, the position is determined by step length and heading information. The proposed method and the conventional method are tested in two scenarios: rectangular motion and straight-line motion. The experimental results show that the proposed position estimation method has higher position accuracy indoors. |
10,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Athermal L-band optical gain block using Sb-doped EDF, and key words: L-band, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Temperature dependence, Optical pumping, Gain measurement, Silicon compounds, Stimulated emission, Optical saturation, Optical fiber amplifiers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers. Abstract: We report suppression of temperature dependent gain variation within /spl plusmn/1.5 dB in the L-band within -40 to +80 /spl deg/C, by novel hybrid concatenation of the antimony-doped silica EDF to conventional L-EDF. |
10,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of Short Packets in NOMA VLC Systems, and key words: Visible light communication, NOMA, Signal to noise ratio, Throughput, Reliability, Resource management, Ultra reliable low latency communication. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the performance of the short-packet communication (SPC) in a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) visible light communication (VLC) system in which one light emitting diode (LED) communicates with two single-photodiode users. The analytical expression of the block error rate (BLER) is approximated by Gaussian-Chebyshev quadrature method, based on which the reliability, throughput, and latency expressions are deduced. Further, we jointly optimize power allocation coefficients and transmission rates to maximize sum throughput of the SPC-NOMA VLC system. The numerical results show that (i) our proposed system well satisfies the stringent requirements of the ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) larger than 130 dB; (ii) SPC-NOMA VLC systems outperform SPC- orthogonal multiple access (OMA) VLC systems in terms of reliability, latency, and throughput; (iii) the impacts of block-length, power allocation coefficients, transmission rates, and LED semi-angle are examined. |
10,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal choice of compensation PMD vector in feedforward-type second-order PMD compensation, and key words: Frequency, Vectors, Optical fiber polarization, Bit rate, Polarization mode dispersion, Taylor series, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: In this paper, the formula of an optimal compensation vector, which is defined as an input polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector of the compensator, for second-order PMD compensation has been derived from the minimization of the root-mean-square (rms) pulse-broadening factor. The derived optimal compensation vector is a linear combination of frequency-averaged PMD vectors and output states of polarization, which shows a similar trend to the previously reported optimal first-order PMD compensation. The rms pulse-broadening factor after optimal second-order PMD compensation has been semianalytically calculated and compared with the previously reported simulation result. They are in good agreement. The formula of the optimal second-order compensation vector derived in this paper provides indispensable information for feedforward second-order PMD compensation. |
10,139 | Please write an abstract with title: An interpretation of neural networks as inference engines with application to transformer failure diagnosis, and key words: Neural networks, Engines, Power transformers, Power transformer insulation, Oil insulation, Artificial neural networks, Fault diagnosis, Gases, Fuzzy systems, Dissolved gas analysis. Abstract: An artificial neural network concept has been developed for transformer fault diagnosis using dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA). A new methodology for mapping the neural network into a rule-based inference system is described. This mapping makes explicit the knowledge implicitly captured by the neural network during the learning stage, by transforming it into a fuzzy inference system. Some studies are reported, illustrating the good results obtained. |
10,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of the Torque and Rotor Power in a Five-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor Drive for Rotary Assembly Platforms, and key words: Rotors, Torque, Three-dimensional displays, Stator windings, Inverters, Control systems, Windings. Abstract: This paper illustrates the control system of a five-phase wound-rotor induction machine that can be used in applications where, besides the torque generation, a certain amount of active power must be transferred to loads collocated on the rotor frame. This requirement is common in rotary assembly platforms, bottle filling and capping systems, that embed electric actuators, sensors and process controllers on a rotating disk. The use of a five-phase machine avoids the slipring contacts to feed the rotor load. However, the choice of the set-point values for the motor currents involves magnetic, electric and thermal constraints. The paper illustrates a methodology of analysis, and develops a technique to deliver power to the rotor loads through the third-order spatial component of the magnetic field, while keeping the motor torque under control and reducing the rotor current as much as possible to minimize the rotor Joule losses. The experimental tests on a scaled prototype demonstrate the practical potential of the machine. |
10,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating the Inherent Soft Error Resilience of Embedded Applications by Full-System Simulation, and key words: Analytical models, Fault tolerance, Embedded systems, Fault tolerant systems, Manipulators, Safety, Resilience. Abstract: It has long been acknowledged that some applications feature inherent resilience against soft errors, e.g., the impact of soft errors on multimedia applications is often non-visible to humans. In this paper we investigate the inherent resilience of two typical embedded applications using a case study of a control system and a robot arm. Both studies were enabled by our mixed-mode fault injection simulator ETISS-ML, which allows RTL-accurate fault injection while being able to simulate very long scenarios, e.g. robot movements of several seconds. Our results indicate that full simulation of the embedded system and its environment are required to classify whether the system can tolerate the impact of a soft error. This is due to the fact that it is hard to predict the impact of a certain output deviation without investigating the change in the system behavior taking into account the control loop. Based on this classification method we hope to be able to exploit this resilience for lowering the cost of error detection mechanisms in future research. |
10,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Concluding Remarks, and key words: Business, Ecosystems, Wireless sensor networks, Smart homes, Servers, Sensors, Security. Abstract: Individual sensors, servers, controllers, and servers can do valuable things in isolation. However, when they are connected with each other, through data and control, the value compounds. Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a large array of technologies and offers a horizontal capability across several verticals. The budding use cases include smart homes, agriculture, smart manufacturing, power and utilities, transportation, smart cities, and personal wellness. The parallel advancements of hardware technologies, analytical algorithms, public attention to resource efficiency, and connectivity fabric across the globe make the ground as fertile as ever for IoT to deliver value. The whole effort of Matter, which tries to bring interoperability to the smart home ecosystem, is a good example of that. Governments and public sector regulators are, for good reasons, sensitive to data sovereignty for national security reasons. The increasing rate of security intrusions over the past years exacerbated the problem. |
10,143 | Please write an abstract with title: An Open Strategy for Implementing PACS and Its Primary Application, and key words: Picture archiving and communication systems, Hospitals, Information security, Biomedical imaging, Internet, Information management, Computer architecture, Service oriented architecture, Communication system security, Educational institutions. Abstract: The strategy for implementing PACS in China is currently hospital-oriented, that causes difficulties of transferring patients among hospitals and sharing patients' images and other case information among doctors. To overcome such shortcomings, an open strategy, which is patient-oriented, was presented. In the open strategy, connections among all the hospitals could be established through Internet by image center, and patient-oriented mechanism also covers the courses of image archiving and other case information management, that would make the limited resources of experienced doctors sharable among all the patients effectively. Moreover, the security, authenticity and validity of patients' images and other case information could be guaranteed better than before. A primary application on probation of PACS implemented with such an open strategy, which was put into practice in China, was also presented. According to the results, the open strategy could extend the application area of PACS from large hospitals to small ones and expedite building of electrical hospitals in China. |
10,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Downlink Joint Processing For Non Orthogonal Multiple Access, and key words: NOMA, Throughput, Femtocells, Downlink, Interference cancellation, Multiplexing. Abstract: Cooperative communication is one of the emerging technologies that promise significantly higher reliability and spectral efficiency in wireless networks. It is a new form of diversity that allows users or nodes to share resources to create collaboration via distributed transmission and processing of messages. As candidate multiple access for future radio access, Non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) are adopted as downlink access scheme for future 5th generation mobile communication. In this paper, we compare user throughput when using orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and NOMA in macro femto network. We show through computer simulation the effect of imperfect interference cancellation on user throughput. We assist the performance of user selection when using fixed power allocation. Finally, we propose NOMA with COMP scenario whose performance improvement lead for user and cell throughput. |
10,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Design of a Self-Tuning Secondary Side for CPT System Using a Third Pair of Decoupled Plates and Variable Inductor, and key words: Inductance, Prototypes, Resonant frequency, Voltage, Couplers, Phase frequency detectors, Power electronics. Abstract: Under high frequency operating conditions, the resonance of the capacitive power transfer (CPT) system is highly sensitive to parameters, so online tuning is required to maintain the resonance of the system. However, it is difficult to directly obtain the induced voltage on the secondary side of CPT system, so the self-tuning of secondary side cannot be simply realized. This paper proposes a self-tuning method for the secondary side of CPT system using a third pair of decoupled plates and variable inductor. A three-port capacitive coupler with decoupled secondary side is established. A method for judging the resonance state of the secondary side of the CPT system is proposed based on the phase difference detection, and a controller for secondary resonance adjustment based on a variable inductor is carried out. Finally, an experimental prototype was constructed. By adjusting the inductance value of the variable inductor, the equivalent U-I phase difference of the secondary side is reduced from -22.4° to 1.9°, the system output power is maintained at 50W, and efficiency is maintained around 80%. |
10,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Relation Between Programming Visual Learning With VILEP and Students’ Emotions, and key words: Programming profession, Programming, Tools, Visualization, Syntactics, Computer languages, Object oriented modeling. Abstract: In this article a visual programming tool is shown, which allows coding programs by abstracting complex parts of the syntactic structures of the language by means of graphic representations combined with textual expressions. The tool allows student to relate the syntax of a language to the logic of solving a problem. To validate the proposal, we carried out an experience with a group of students who used the tool and another group who used Eclipse. The results show that there was an additional 23.4% of students who used the tool and reduced their error rate compared to those who used Eclipse. |
10,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of multicast routing for network lifetime with directional listening, and key words: Routing, Directional antennas, Antennas and propagation, Wireless networks, Interference, Batteries, Directive antennas, Bismuth, Mobile ad hoc networks, Ad hoc networks. Abstract: Energy and spectrum constrained wireless ad hoc networks must employ efficient forwarding schemes to conserve resources. The incorporation of directional antennas allows for focusing transmitted energy toward a specific node, or increasing reception gain in a specific direction. This provides not only a means to conserve power, but also allows for spatial multiplexing by reducing inter-node interference. In many cases of interest, it is likely that only a subset of nodes in a network will be equipped with directional transmission/reception capabilities. The existing literature on the impact of directional antennas on the lifetime of ad hoc networks does not consider node heterogeneity or model directional listening. In this paper, we develop a Mixed Integer Linear Program to model directional reception. The program's objective is to maximize network lifetime in multicast applications. We consider cases where some (but not all) network nodes are equipped with directional antennas. Our results illustrate the impact of node density and proportion of nodes with directional capabilities on network lifetime. |
10,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Large Scale Propagation Phenomena on the Martian Surface: A 3D Ray Tracing Approach, and key words: Permittivity, Three-dimensional displays, Surface morphology, Dielectrics, Mars, Standards, Soil. Abstract: As the attention towards the exploration of the “Red Planet”, i.e. Mars, increases, the need of models representing the Martian conditions becomes fundamental in order to support future unmanned and manned missions, that will, hopefully, take a human crew to the Martian surface. For this reasons, it is necessary to understand, among other meaningful aspects, how an electromagnetic (EM) waves propagates over the Martian environment and build a model to properly simulate communication systems under realistic channel conditions through common commercial software. This contribution aims to evaluate large scale propagation phenomena on the Martian surface in order to determine a realistic Martian channel model. First, the surface morphology is obtained through the use of a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) representing the Gale crater. Then, the DEM is converted into a tile-based structure in which the tiles are the DEM's pixel, whose dimension is set according to the DEM's resolution. Each tile vertex is interpolated with the vertex of the nearest tile, thus constructing the walls of the 3D structure. The 3D structure is characterized, from an electromagnetic viewpoint, through the estimation of the complex permittivity. By exploiting a ray tracing approach and simulating an EM signal emitted by an isotropic antenna, the line of sight (LOS) power is computed over the 3D structure. From the received power in the selected Martian location, we estimate path loss samples for different distances between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). The samples are averaged for each distance and the path loss exponent, which represents the roughness of the terrain, is obtained by finding the path loss curve which better fits the averaged samples. Finally, the shadow standard deviation is evaluated and analyzed with respect to the considered Martian location. |
10,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiframe Detection of Sea-Surface Small Target Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Feature extraction, Clutter, Radar tracking, Target tracking, Radar, Radar detection, Radar cross-sections. Abstract: Sea-surface small target detection is challenging for maritime radar. Unfortunately, conventional detection methods are often limited to complex marine environment and low signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR). This article presents a multiframe detection approach for sea-surface small target by using deep convolutional neural network. The moving targets can be reconstructed and detected from the sequential range–Doppler (RD) spectra. A two-step detection framework is proposed, where the intraframe and interframe detections are achieved using the differences in features and interframe correlations between the moving target and sea clutter, respectively. The proposed approach has been verified on both the simulated and real sea-surface small targets, which shows better detection performance than the conventional multiframe detection algorithms. Additionally, this approach exhibits acceptable generalization ability. |
10,150 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel RFID-Based Anti-Counterfeiting Scheme for Retail Environments, and key words: Protocols, Counterfeiting, Servers, Authentication, RFID tags. Abstract: Product counterfeiting and theft are on-going problems in supply chains and retail environments, but not a lot of work has been done to address these problems through the cost-effective use of auto-identification technologies such as bar-codes, near-field communication (NFC), or radio-frequency identification (RFID). In this paper, we propose an RFID-based anti-counterfeiting and anti-theft scheme that can be used to detect counterfeit items at the point of purchase by a consumer. The proposed system is lightweight and suited for deployment in large-scale retail environments using low-cost passive tags. We also undertake an analysis of a recent scheme proposed by Tran and Hong to highlight some of the weaknesses of their scheme. A detailed security analysis of the proposed scheme shows that it satisfies the formal requirements of security correctness and is resistant to compromise through security attacks. |
10,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Balance Planning of Off-blockchain Payment Channel Networks, and key words: Planning, Contracts, Scalability, Channel estimation, Bitcoin. Abstract: Off-blockchain payment channels can significantly improve blockchain scalability by enabling a large number of micro-payments between two blockchain nodes, without committing every single payment to the blockchain. Multiple payment channels form a payment network, so that two nodes without direct channel connection can still make payments. A critical challenge in payment network construction is to decide how many funds should be deposited into payment channels as initial balances, which seriously influences the performance of payment networks, but has been seldom studied by existing work. In this paper, we address this challenge by designing PnP, a balance planning service for payment networks. Given estimated payment demands among nodes, PnP can decide channel balances to satisfy these demands with a high probability. It does not rely on any trusted third-parties, and can provide strong protection from malicious attacks with low overhead. It obtains these benefits with two novel designs, the cryptographic sortition and the chance-constrained balance planning algorithm. Experimental results on a testbed of 30 nodes show that PnP can enable 30% more payments than other designs. |
10,152 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey of Encrypted Malicious Traffic Detection, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Landline, Computational modeling, Data collection, Feature extraction, Data models. Abstract: With more and more encrypted traffic such as HTTPS, encrypted traffic protects not only normal traffic, but also malicious traffic. Identification of encrypted malicious traffic without decryption has become a research hotspot. Combined with deep learning, an important branch of machine learning, encrypted malicious traffic detection has achieved good results. This paper reviews the detection of encrypted malicious traffic in recent years. Firstly, we classify encrypted malicious traffic. Secondly, we sorts out the extraction characteristics of encrypted malicious traffic, the key and difficult problems we are facing at present. Then, with encrypted malicious traffic detection technology as the main line, we summarized the current detection model from the four core aspects of data collection, data processing, model training and evaluation improvement. Finally, we analyze the problems and point out future research directions. |
10,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Interactive Image Segmentation With First Click Attention, and key words: Image segmentation, Neural networks, Task analysis, Machine learning, Training, Decoding, Visualization. Abstract: In the task of interactive image segmentation, users initially click one point to segment the main body of the target object and then provide more points on mislabeled regions iteratively for a precise segmentation. Existing methods treat all interaction points indiscriminately, ignoring the difference between the first click and the remaining ones. In this paper, we demonstrate the critical role of the first click about providing the location and main body information of the target object. A deep framework, named First Click Attention Network (FCA-Net), is proposed to make better use of the first click. In this network, the interactive segmentation result can be much improved with the following benefits: focus invariance, location guidance, and error-tolerant ability. We then put forward a click-based loss function and a structural integrity strategy for better segmentation effect. The visualized segmentation results and sufficient experiments on five datasets demonstrate the importance of the first click and the superiority of our FCA-Net. |
10,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Alternate Test Methodology for High Speed A/D Converter Testing on Low Cost Tester, and key words: Costs, Circuit testing, Clocks, Equations, Semiconductor device testing, Jitter, Production, Frequency, Sampling methods, Ultrasonic imaging. Abstract: This paper proposes a test methodology for dynamic specification testing of high-speed A/D converters on a low cost tester using the alternate test approach. In the proposed approach, regression-based mapping functions are generated, using specification data of the device from bench testing. During production testing, the dynamic specifications of the device are estimated on a low cost ATE using an alternate test set-up and the pre-developed mapping functions. As opposed to the conventional method of dynamic specification testing of A/D converters, the proposed approach does not require a spectrally pure sinusoidal input signal and estimates device SNR in presence of sampling clock jitter. Simulation results indicate specification estimation error of less than 4% using the proposed test methodology. |
10,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-user mobile applications and a public display: novel ways for social interaction, and key words: Mobile communication, Context, Computer displays, Mobile handsets, Collaboration, Multidimensional systems, Collaborative work, Humans, GSM, Frequency. Abstract: In this paper we introduce prerequisites for the empowerment of social interaction when using a multi-user mobile service. The paper is based on a case study of user experiences of a multiplayer mobile game where the players attend the game via their mobile phones whilst their activity is materialized on a common public display. Based on the results of user evaluation we introduce three enabling factors for social interaction in a multiplayer game: context, communication and identification. User aspects to these factors as well as perspectives to other types of services are presented. |
10,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacity Optimization Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage System Using a Modified Grey Wolf Optimization, and key words: Wind energy generation, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Simulation, Optimization methods, Wind power generation, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: Aiming at the randomness and intermittent characteristics of renewable energy power generation, a capacity optimization method of a hybrid energy storage system is proposed to ensure the economical and reliable operation of wind and solar power supply systems. The optimization method takes the minimum life cycle cost of the hybrid energy storage system as the optimization goal, takes the load power shortage rate and the energy storage capacity as the constraints, and establishes the optimal configuration model of the hybrid energy storage capacity. Based on this model, the modified gray wolf algorithm (MGWO) is used to solve the optimal capacity configuration of the hybrid energy storage system. Finally, the optimization results of MGWO are compared with the basic GWO and particle swarm algorithm (GWO) through a numerical example, and it is verified that MGWO can configure the hybrid energy storage capacity more reasonably. |
10,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Sensitive Information Encryption and Decryption System Based on Branch Obfuscation Algorithm, and key words: Instruction sets, Software algorithms, Software systems, Hardware, Data models, Encryption, System software. Abstract: The existing sensitive information encryption and decryption system has the problem of imperfect encryption and decryption model, which leads to a long node request time. A sensitive information encryption and decryption system based on branch obfuscation algorithm is designed. Hardware part: using ultra-long instruction set multimedia application chip, reading data by PC, and expanding the width of external memory interface; Software: obtain the characteristics of sensitive information network, disrupt the information ranking and then encrypt, construct encryption and decryption model of confidential communication, transmit data through public channels, extract encryption and decryption identification of sensitive information, and design the storage and control function of system software with branch obfuscation algorithm. Experimental results: The average node request time of the sensitive information encryption and decryption system in this paper and the other three encryption systems are 99.477ms, 133.145ms, 135.611ms, 135.941ms respectively, indicating that the sensitive information encryption and decryption system integrated with branch obfuscation algorithm has higher application value. |
10,158 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast FBG Interrogation for Acoustic Sensing Using Predictive Scan Path Compression, and key words: Fiber Bragg grating, tunable laser, prediction filter, state estimation, audio coding. Abstract: This paper introduces an interrogation algorithm designed for low-cost tunable laser-based fiber Bragg grating(FBG) interrogation systems, specifically targeting general-purpose audio sensing. The algorithm leverages the inherent continuity and regularity present in acoustic signals by employing a prediction filter to forecast future samples. The algorithm determines the scan region based on the prediction and then acquires the narrowest optical bands that encompass solely the necessary information. Peak detection is performed on a subwindow of adaptive size. Compared with conventional full-band acquisition, the proposed algorithm has a much shorter laser engine scan path thus the overall sampling rate is augmented. Numerical simulations demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio of 76.9dB and an interrogation error of ±9.747pm(99.7% confidence) using properties of real-world optoelectronic devices and diversified audio samples. The algorithm presents consistent performance across audio content and a significant sampling rate improvement of maximum 40 times compared to conventional full-band scanning. The algorithm offers flexible configuration, hardware efficiency, and scalability for dynamic FBG sensing applications. |
10,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Public Crisis Management of Local Government in New Media Era, and key words: Crisis management, Local government, Social networking (online), Blogs, Legislation, Media, Big Data. Abstract: With the development of information technology, WeChat, Weibo, Douyin, Kuaishou and other new media have become more and more the main way for the public to understand public events. New media, with its timeliness, interactivity and openness, has brought opportunities and new challenges to local government's public crisis management. The development of new media accelerates the spread of public crisis, expands the spread range of public crisis, and greatly strengthens the influence of public crisis in time and space. This paper will focus on the analysis of local government public crisis management in the new media era, and make an in-depth study on how local governments can do a good job in public crisis management in the new media era. |
10,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced airborne military communications architectures enabled by commercial broadband satellite communications, and key words: Military communication, Broadband communication, Satellite communication, Government, Bandwidth, Military aircraft, Internet, Mission critical systems, Bridges, Real time systems. Abstract: The advent of commercial broadband satellite communications systems and services for in-flight civil aircraft provides the opportunity to enable advanced military communications architectures sooner than government-planned systems and associated bandwidth will be available. Application of these commercial systems/services to MILSATCOM architectures and concept of operations is discussed herein. These newly evolving satcom technologies for commercial aviation applications provide national and international governmental departments additional options to supplement supporting ever-expanding requirements in the rapidly changing "information age". The need to "keep up" with technology, which has life cycles of 12 to 18 months, versus the fielding of major new MILSATCOM infrastructure with life cycles of 10 - 25 years, leaves governments at tremendous shortfall in capability versus demand. Even with new programs fielded, the exponential growth of bandwidth requirements, as exemplified by the Internet, points to the need to supplement non-mission critical communications to other than high demand, mission critical government unique MILSATCOM assets. These new commercial broadband SATCOM systems and services offer the chance to "bridge the gap" between existing capabilities and future government programs while providing valuable operational experience that can be applied to those future programs. Moreover, the commercial broadband SATCOM systems/services can enable new communications architectures that help meet the "network centric warfare", global information grid connectivity, and real-time data requirements that exist today. |
10,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Global Optimization of the Hydraulic-Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber for Road Vehicles With Human-Knowledge-Integrated Particle Swarm Optimization Scheme, and key words: Hydraulic systems, Optimization, Shock absorbers, Damping, Rectifiers, Particle swarm optimization, Mechatronics. Abstract: This article proposes a human-knowledge-integrated particle swarm optimization (Hi-PSO) scheme to globally optimize the design of the hydraulic-electromagnetic energy-harvesting shock absorber (HESA) for road vehicles. A newly developed k-fold swarm learning framework is the key to the Hi-PSO scheme, which runs k groups (folds) of individual local optimization (using a selected learning cycle), and validation (using the other k-1 testing cycles) with the concept of digital twin introduced into the design of the HESA. It aims to achieve the optimum energy recovery efficiency globally in both learning cycles and testing cycles. Within the learning framework, a nearest-neighborhood particle swarm learning algorithm is developed to incorporate human knowledge (e.g., ISO standards) for local optimization so that the computational load can be reduced through downsizing of the learning spaces. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the energy recovery and damping performance under both local conditions (duty cycles used for learning) and global conditions (six duty cycles covering the main equivalent amplitudes and frequencies of the suspension's operation). Compared with the conventional PSO algorithm, Hi-PSO is shown to be more robust by achieving a 5.17% higher mean value in 10 trials while achieving the same maximum energy efficiency. The global optimum result is obtained under 20 mm/1.5 Hz condition and achieves an average energy efficiency of 59.07%. |
10,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Single microwave photon counter based on current-biased Josephson junction, and key words: Microwave measurement, Radiation detectors, Current measurement, Waveguide junctions, Switches, Tunneling, Josephson junctions. Abstract: This manuscript is on the design and development of a single microwave photon counter based on a current-biased Josephson junction aimed at the detection of light axion dark matter. Simulations and measurements of a Josephson junction are presented. We observe the junction in a quantum tunneling regime, with subsequent dissipation on an external RC circuit. |
10,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Category-Level 6-D Object Pose Estimation With Shape Deformation for Robotic Grasp Detection, and key words: Category-level object pose estimation, robotic grasp, shape deformation, transformer. Abstract: Category-level 6-D object pose estimation plays a crucial role in achieving reliable robotic grasp detection. However, the disparity between synthetic and real datasets hinders the direct transfer of models trained on synthetic data to real-world scenarios, leading to ineffective results. Additionally, creating large-scale real datasets is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To overcome these challenges, we propose CatDeform, a novel category-level object pose estimation network trained on synthetic data but capable of delivering good performance on real datasets. In our approach, we introduce a transformer-based fusion module that enables the network to leverage multiple sources of information and enhance prediction accuracy through feature fusion. To ensure proper deformation of the prior point cloud to align with scene objects, we propose a transformer-based attention module that deforms the prior point cloud from both geometric and feature perspectives. Building upon CatDeform, we design a two-branch network for supervised learning, bridging the gap between synthetic and real datasets and achieving high-precision pose estimation in real-world scenes using predominantly synthetic data supplemented with a small amount of real data. To minimize reliance on large-scale real datasets, we train the network in a self-supervised manner by estimating object poses in real scenes based on the synthetic dataset without manual annotation. We conduct training and testing on CAMERA25 and REAL275 datasets, and our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in both self-supervised and supervised training paradigms. Finally, we apply CatDeform to object pose estimation and robotic grasp experiments in real-world scenarios, showcasing a higher grasp success rate. |
10,164 | Please write an abstract with title: An 11 GS/s 2×10b 20–26 GHz Modulator using Segmented Non-Linear RF-DACs and Non-Overlapping LO signals, and key words: Radio frequency, Quadrature amplitude modulation, OFDM, Radio transmitters, Modulation, Silicon-on-insulator, Linearity. Abstract: We present a Cartesian I/Q modulator based on dual 10-bit RF-DACs. Non-overlapping LO signals and a segmented RF - DAC architecture with scaled bit currents contribute to good linearity and allow low-complexity DPD. Unit-cell flip-flops with a balanced clock distribution enable a high sample rate. Drive slope control for data switches reduce out-of-band emissions. Implemented in 22 nm FDSOI CMOS, the modulator operates up to 26 GHz with a maximum sample rate of 11 GS/s. The modulator is used to demonstrate transmission of a 64QAM signal at 13.2 Gb/s, a 256QAM signal at 7.33 Gb/s, and an OFDM signal comprising four aggregated 400-MHz 64QAM channels at an EVM of 6.43 %. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed modulator architecture for realization of ultra wideband transmitters for high performance mm-wave systems. |
10,165 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Digital Hardware-Software Complex for Electricity Metering, and key words: Meters, Energy consumption, Volume measurement, Prototypes, Medical services, Manuals, Software. Abstract: Energy management is a widespread practice among companies monitoring large buildings, enterprises, educational, health care campuses and other complex facilities. Efficient energy management requires detailed information on how power is used. However, this valuable information is not available in facilities being actively monitored. For effective energy management, facility engineers need to understand exactly how and where energy is consumed in their facilities. There are many problematic issues in the field of measuring household electricity consumption. Manual collection of readings still takes place despite the full-scale use of electronic meters. Consumers do not have a culture of electricity consumption; there is no basic knowledge about energy consumption and energy efficiency classes assigned to electrical devices. Knowledge and tools to forecast costs and manage energy consumption are lacking. The purpose of this paper is to study issues related to the development of a prototype of a software and hardware complex for measuring the load (V) and volume (KWt/h) of consumed electrical energy. |
10,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Q-SYM<sup>2</sup> and Automatic Scrap Classification a joint solution for the Circular economy and sustainability of Steel Manufacturing, to ensure the scrap yard operates competitively, and key words: Visualization, Technological innovation, Costs, Production, Raw materials, Software reliability, Steel. Abstract: A hype topic, one that now has become an established idea, is the possibility to increase plant efficiency by gaining and applying a better awareness of how scrap is performing in the melting process. Scrap management becomes the key point in cost reduction since it could comprise up to the 50% of the overall production costs. Technological innovations promise to be the driver to improving raw material management, shortening its acquisition time and reducing the waste during the metallurgical process. Expensive raw materials require a huge involvement of plant resources, and are highly dependent on the human factor. All the quality and logistics decisions belong to the judgment of the operators, increasing the chance of non-conformities (e.g., erroneous classification, material discharged in the wrong location, error loading material in the buckets). To overcome these issues, online classification of the scrap is the keystone. Starting from the arrival of scrap at the plant, through the acceptance of the delivery note and the check-in of the carriers, Automatic Scrap Classification gives support to inbound-scrap control and classification, enabling real-time traceability of the scrap inside the bays. The Quality Control System will benefit from all the details of the material used in production. Danieli Automation implemented the Q-ASC a system that, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning techniques, can assist scrap classification procedures through computer vision and automatic scrap recognition. The goal of scrap identification is to localize and assign a specific class label to a given visual sample of scrap or inert/hazardous material. The classification can be conducted using different methodologies based on material shapes or dimensions. Q-ASC is the entry point for the Scrap Yard Management and can be considered as the central data hub for managing the scrap inbound to the plant, connecting all the systems requiring reliable scrap data. |
10,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Levitation Control Method of Electromagnetic Levitation Ball System Based on Fuzzy-PID, and key words: electromagnetic levitation ball, fuzzy control, PID, DSP. Abstract: In this paper, the electromagnetic levitation ball system is taken as the research object. The electromagnetic levitation ball controller combined with fuzzy control algorithm and conventional PID control algorithm is designed. Firstly, the basic principle of the electromagnetic levitation ball system is analyzed and the mathematical model is established. Then Based on the classical PID control model and fuzzy control algorithm, fuzzy inference of PID controller feedback parameters is realized to realize dynamic adjustment of feedback parameters of the PID controller. And the control algorithm is implanted into the DSP controller, then the loading and the unloading experiments are carried out. The experimental results show that the levitation controller has good static performance and better dynamic performance and robustness than conventional PID controller. |
10,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Overview of radar digital circuit fault detection technology, and key words: Soldering, Field programmable gate arrays, Digital circuits, Resistance, X-ray detection, Radar, Stress. Abstract: The demand for weapons and equipment life cycle management has promoted the research and development of radar fault prediction and health management (PHM) technology, and radar has also evolved from ex post maintenance to condition Based maintenance (CBM). With the continuous development of information technology, digital circuits, with their excellent reliability and stability, account for more and more in radar. The Ball Grid Array (BGA) encapsulated Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip's solder joint failure is difficult to detect directly, and the failure of the FPGA's solder joint can cause serious damage to the radar. In view of this situation, this paper introduces several methods and principles of solder joint fault detection, and expounds its advantages and disadvantages. |
10,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Line start permanent magnet motors with different materials, and key words: Magnetic materials, Permanent magnet motors, Synchronous motors, Induction motors, Ferrites, Cobalt, Rotors, Permanent magnets, Testing, Wounds. Abstract: This paper describes the principle characteristics of two permanent magnet excited AC-motors with line start capability designed for the same minimum performance requirements within the same frame size. The basic design equations allow to explain the influences of the two different magnet materials. The building and testing of one of the motors verifies the model used for the design. |
10,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple Carrier-Based PWM for Prolonged High DC-Link Utilization for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical --Phase AC Drives, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Harmonic analysis, Windings, Torque measurement, Sorting, Total harmonic distortion, Stator windings. Abstract: Square voltage waveforms enable high dc-link utilization (DLU) in multiphase ac drives. Circulating-current filters were devised to attenuate the harmonics in no-torque low-impedance subspaces. Nonetheless, the square-wave harmonics that generate torque ripple are not reduced. Recently, it was proposed to combine circulating-current filters with a carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) method, which injects harmonics in no-torque subspaces (attenuated by the filter) of five-phase motors to achieve high DLU, without harmonics associated with torque ripple. The filter allows prolonged high-DLU operation without overheating. Compared with other PWM techniques capable of high-DLU operation (overmodulation), the one proposed for said filters is especially convenient because of its simplicity. However, it is unclear if this PWM method can be extended to machines of any phase number n and winding arrangement (symmetrical or asymmetrical); and if so, the resulting performance is also unknown. This article extends this simple carrier-based PWM strategy to n-phase drives, and evaluates its behavior in terms of DLU, distortion, and computational burden. Symmetrical and asymmetrical winding arrangements are considered. The improvement in DLU, compared with conventional PWM with zero-sequence injection, is considerable. Current distortion is negligible with a suitable filter. The simplicity over other high-DLU PWM techniques is remarkable. Experimental results are provided. |
10,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint User and Antenna Selection in Massive-MIMO Systems With QoS-Constraints, and key words: Quality of service, Transmitting antennas, Resource management, Downlink, MIMO communication, Fading channels. Abstract: This article considers a downlink transmission in a multiuser massive multi-input-multi-output (massive-MIMO) system in both the large-scale and small-scale fading environments. While the base station has many antennas, the associated circuit costs require some antennas to be turned off, thus necessitating antenna/RF-chain selection. Furthermore, the users have quality-of-service (QoS) constraints and cannot be served within the specified power budget and also with arbitrarily low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios. Instead, the base stations seek to schedule only a subset of users for which the QoS-constraints can be met, while the remaining users must be scheduled in other time-frequency slots. The problem is considered under both long and short time-scales. The longer time-scale problem entails solving for the power, user allocation, and number of active antennas to be used over multiple coherence intervals. While the need to select the optimum set of users makes the problem combinatorial, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed that allows us to solve it in polynomial time. For the more computationally intensive per-coherence interval problem, we employ a convex relaxation-based approach in order to obtain an approximate solution. Detailed simulations are carried out to establish that the proposed algorithms outperform standard greedy approaches and are close to optimal for several settings. |
10,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Multivariate moment matching for generating boundary condition independent compact dynamic thermal networks of packages [BGA example], and key words: Boundary conditions, Packaging, Disruption tolerant networking, Thermal resistance, Network topology, Electronic mail, Capacitance, Partitioning algorithms, Moment methods, Equations. Abstract: A novel approach is proposed for generating compact dynamic thermal models of packages, independent of boundary conditions. This approach is based on the novel definition of Robin's boundary condition independent dynamic thermal network and on the application of a novel multivariate moment matching method. The resulting compact thermal models are more accurate than compact models obtained by means of previous methods. |
10,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial neural network based short-term load forecasting, and key words: Neural networks, Load forecasting, Artificial neural networks, Consumer electronics, Power system modeling, Interference, Predictive models, Electricity supply industry, Artificial intelligence, Load modeling. Abstract: This paper presents the development of an ANN based short-time load forecasting for a power system. Problems encountered in the data preparation, network structure definition, and suggested solutions are discussed. The proposed model can provide 1 to 24-steps ahead load forecast. Obtained results from extensive testing on the Mongolian power system network confirm the validity of the developed approach. |
10,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptation in Human-Autonomy Teamwork, and key words: Indexes, Teamwork, Games, Task analysis, Trajectory, Sensitivity, Adaptation models. Abstract: With the development of AI technology, intelligent agents are expected to team with humans and adapt to their teammates in changing environments, as effective human team members would do. As an initial step towards adaptive agents, the present study examined individual's adaptive actions in a cooperative task. By analyzing the performance when participants paired with different partners, we were able to identify adaptations and isolate individual contributions to team performance. It is shown that the team performance is determined by factors at both individual and team levels. Using subjective similarity data collected on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we constructed high-dimensional embeddings of similarity distance between team trajectories. Results showed that team members who adapted most led to improved team performance. In current experiments we are extending our approach to examine the relation between teammate-likeness, sensitivity to social risk and performance in human-agent teams. |
10,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating qubit leakage errors in quantum circuits with gadgets and post-selection, and key words: Protocols, Spontaneous emission, Qubit, Measurement uncertainty, Benchmark testing, Logic gates, Mirrors. Abstract: Leakage is a quantum error process in which a qubit ends up in a state outside of the computational subspace. In trapped-ion hyperfine qubits, leakage can occur as a result of spontaneous emission from an excited state during a two-qubit gate. This error can be detected by a circuit gadget that couples a data qubit to an ancilla qubit, followed by a measurement of the ancilla. The effects of leakage errors on the circuit can then be removed by post-selecting shots in which leakage was not detected. We first experimentally demonstrate improved two-qubit gate fidelity as measured by randomized benchmarking and cycle benchmarking. We then benchmark the use of leakage detection on system-level mirror benchmarking circuits. Finally, we present a protocol to measure the failure rate of the leakage detection gadget, defined as the probability that the gadget produces an error on the data qubit while not heralding the ancilla. |
10,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation for band-limited DS-CDMA systems based on simplified improved Gaussian approximation, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Gaussian approximation, Multiple access interference, Error probability, Error analysis, Random variables, Bandwidth, Filtering, Radio frequency, Code standards. Abstract: The standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) for error analysis of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems is very optimistic in many cases. Improved Gaussian approximation (IGA) is a technique that produces accurate error probabilities, but is still computationally intensive. Simplified IGA (SIGA) has complexity similar to that of SGA and, at the same time, provides sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we consider SIGA for DS-CDMA systems employing random sequences in a band-limited scenario. The validity of IGA for band-limited systems is established in a rigorous mathematical sense. Then a key parameter in SIGA is derived via a frequency-domain approach. Applications to a number of typical chip waveforms, including the popular sinc and raised-cosine pulses, are investigated. Performance comparison with IGA-based lower and upper bounds shows that SIGA yields very accurate probability of error. |
10,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Prevention and control of COVID-19 based on Spark and spatial big data, and key words: Epidemics, Government, Big Data, Spatial databases, Real-time systems, Trajectory, Spatiotemporal phenomena. Abstract: The novel coronavirus pneumonia is a major public health emergency with fast transmission rate, wide infection range and great difficulty in prevention and control, which poses challenges to the urban governance system and governance capacity. At this moment, it is particularly significant to get the track of people’s movements. And at the same time, trajectory, as a typical spatio-temporal data, has been more and more used in subject researches such as road change detection, travel pattern exploration and urban hotspot analysis in recent years. In this paper, based on Spark and GeoSpark technology, real-time monitoring of the whereabouts of the community, schools and other personnel is carried out, in order to generate action tracks. At the same time, the deep learning algorithm is used to classify and warn the danger level of the trajectory of the people who are about to go in or go out of the residential district, schools, etc. It provides strong support for the public security, health and epidemic command and other government departments to achieve scientific prevention and control, intelligent prevention and control. The results show that spark can achieve high throughput and fault-tolerant real-time stream data processing. Geospark processes large-scale spatial data on the basis of spark, and can create point, line, surface and other spatial data structures based on longitude and latitude information. At the same time, the semi supervised learning model based on recurrent neural network is used to classify and early warn the danger level of personnel trajectories. The experiment randomly selected 2000 users from districts and schools in Chengdu, and divided the experimental data set into training set and verification set in the proportion of 8:2. The best performance of the trained model is 96.2%. |
10,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Bayesian Network Based Security Analysis for Physical Layer Key Extraction, and key words: Security, Wireless communication, Communication system security, Pipelines, Internet of Things, Measurement, Hidden Markov models. Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned to expand Internet connectivity of the physical world, and the mobile edge cloud can be leveraged to enhance the resource-constrained IoT devices. The performance of the cloud-enhanced IoT applications depends on various system-wide information, such as the wireless channel states between IoT devices and their corresponding serving edge cloud nodes. However, with the semi-trusted edge resources and the public nature of wireless channels, public sharing of system information should be avoided to better balance the tradeoff between performance and security. In this paper, the benefits of local information exchange is investigated, where the privately-owned physical layer channel information is leveraged to extract lightweight keys. For the point-to-point wireless communications links with multiple passive eavesdroppers, the security metric in terms of conditional min-entropy is evaluated via the proposed Dynamic Bayesian Model. The proposed model can flexibly incorporate various dynamic information flows in the system and quantify the information leakage caused by wireless broadcasting. The rigorously defined and derived security metrics for such a key generation pipeline has been verified via the real-world collected time-varying wireless channel data. The designed model can achieve previously inconceivable security properties. |
10,179 | Please write an abstract with title: The classification-based machine learning algorithm to predict students' knowledge levels, and key words: Technological innovation, Machine learning algorithms, Education, Clustering algorithms, Coherence, Benchmark testing, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Innovation can give learning coherence in numerous unique situations when understudies cannot be truly present in their study halls. The current innovation and proactive systems are needed to advance a problematic type of schooling that does not make up for the customary learning climate. In any case, there are numerous boundaries to effective remote and internet learning driven by innovation. This research implemented k-mean clustering to a dataset of 146 students-the classification procedure for predicting grade outcomes using the decision tree technique. The attribute with the most significant effect on the classification of the student's grades is. The result is shown the grade property is the root node. This clustering technique acts as a benchmark for evaluating each student's growth and performance throughout their further education. |
10,180 | Please write an abstract with title: Conceptual Design of an XML FACT Repository for Dispersed XML Document Warehouses and XML Marts, and key words: XML, Aggregates, Electrochemical machining, Warehousing, Information systems, Decision making, Content management, Bismuth, Decision support systems, Management information systems. Abstract: Since the introduction of extensible Markup Language (XML), XML repositories have gained a foothold in many global (and government) organizations, where, e-commerce and e-business models have maturated in handling daily transactional data among heterogeneous information systems in multi-data formats. Due to this, the amount of data available for enterprise decision-making process is increasing exponentially and are being stored and/or communicated in XML. This presents an interesting challenge to investigate models, frameworks and techniques for organizing and analyzing such voluminous, yet distributed XML documents for business intelligence in the form of XML warehouse repositories and XML marts. In this paper, we address such an issue, where we propose a view-driven approach for modeling and designing of a Global XML FACT (GxFACT) repository under the MDA initiatives. Here we propose the GxFACT using logically grouped, geographically dispersed, XML document warehouses and Document Marts in a global enterprise setting. To deal with organizations' evolving decision-making needs, we also provide three design strategies for building and managing of such GxFACT in the context of modeling of further hierarchical dimensions and/or global document warehouses |
10,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of MPEG-7 low level audio descriptors with compressed data, and key words: MPEG 7 Standard, Image coding, Digital audio players, Image storage, Australia, Machine learning, IP networks, Information retrieval, Information filtering, Information filters. Abstract: This paper presents a detailed analysis of lossy compression effects on a set of the MPEG-7 low-level audio descriptors. The analysis results show that lossy compression has a detrimental effect on the integrity of practical search and retrieval schemes that utilize the low level audio descriptors. Methods are then proposed to reduce the detrimental effects of compression in searching schemes. These proposed methods include multi-frame searching and machine learning derived prediction. The proposed mechanisms greatly reduce the effect of compression on the set of MPEG-7 descriptors; however, future scope is identified to develop new audio descriptors that account for compression effects in their structure. |
10,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Average-based Robustness for Continuous-Time Signal Temporal Logic, and key words: Robustness, Trajectory, Optimization, Semantics, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Data mining. Abstract: We propose a new robustness score for continuous-time Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. Instead of considering only the most severe point along the evolution of the signal, we use average scores to extract more information from the signal, emphasizing robust satisfaction of all the specifications' subformulae over their entire time interval domains. We demonstrate the advantages of this new score in falsification and control synthesis problems in systems with complex dynamics and multi-agent systems. |
10,183 | Please write an abstract with title: Work in progress: Co-creation as a method for the identification of new functionalities for the customization of students learning styles for virtual learning platforms, and key words: Education, Learning (artificial intelligence), Technological innovation, Tools, Graphics, Guidelines. Abstract: Currently, there are many shortcomings in educational methodologies in a specific area. Several studies have found that this deficiency is since educators implement a single learning style to a population ignoring that each individual has different cognitive strategies in terms of learning. For this reason, a research team from University of Medellin established a strategic alliance with KUEPA and its educational platform, in which the aim is to restructure that educational platform to be able to intelligently assign a specific learning style to different students that interact with it. For the selection of the best methodology to accomplish that goal, several co-creation sessions were organized with the actors involved in the research study. As a result of the sessions, a set of new functionalities were proposed to be integrated into the platform. In addition, artificial intelligence has been found to be a key element to achieve the purpose of this research study under adaptive components based on learning methodologies. |
10,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Extension of the Yukawa Diagram for Large-Scale Structures, and key words: Plasmas, Couplings, Saturn, Fractals, Thermodynamics, Dusty plasmas, Mathematical model. Abstract: It is shown that the classical equation describing the Yukawa diagram cannot satisfactorily describe a system of charged grains in a dusty plasma in a wide range of the structure factor values. A new approach to the diagrammatic analysis of Yukawa systems is proposed. Equations are obtained for the analytical description of the Yukawa diagram in a wide range of the structure factor values in the framework of the thermodynamic theory of similarity (scaling). Power-law dependences of the coupling parameter on the parameters of the structure are obtained. The relationships between the exponential functions describing Yukawa diagrams and the fractal dimension of the plasma system are revealed. The possibility of describing large-scale structures of dust particles (grains) such as Saturn’s E-ring using the same functions, but with different values of the fractal dimension, is discussed. |
10,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Shunt sound decomposition by empirical mode decomposition, and key words: Market research, Fluctuations, Empirical mode decomposition, Veins, Synchronization, Frequency measurement, Blood. Abstract: Unpredictable disequilibrium syndrome and blood pressure fluctuations can occur during hemodialysis therapy. We have proposed a method for analyzing shunt sounds using EMD to predict these symptoms. The shunt sound is the sound of turbulent blood flow generated in the shunt, which can be measured from the puncture needle of the dialyzer. This shunt sound may contain elements that identify these symptoms. To identify these elements, it is necessary to decompose the shunt sound into a minimum number of components, assuming that the shunt sound is composed of a plurality of basic components. Therefore, in this report, how to decompose the shunt sound into the minimum components by dividing the shunt sound into beats and by empirical mode decomposition is explained. |
10,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Low complex Hardware Architecture Design Methodology for Cubic Spline Interpolation Technique for Assistive Technologies, and key words: Interpolation, Computer architecture, Very large scale integration, Hardware, Classification algorithms, Complexity theory, Resource management. Abstract: The Hardware implementation of the Empirical mode decomposition algorithm has attracted attention in recent years due to its data-driven nature, adaptability, and ability to process non-stationary and non-linear signal analysis. Due to its high computation requirements for the sifting process, it is difficult to achieve low hardware complexity. The proposed design introduces an efficient VLSI architecture for the Cubic spline interpolation technique based on the Co-Ordinate Rotation Digital Computer(CORDIC) for generating envelops in the EMD algorithm. The design was implemented on Xilinx ZynqU ltraScale+ZCU 102 Evaluation Board and synthesized using Vivado 2018.1 Design Suite with the fixed-point data format and generated envelops using the sifting procedure. |
10,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Error Resilience Evaluation of Approximate Storage in the Intra Prediction of VVC Decoders, and key words: Integrated circuits, Visualization, Energy consumption, Bit error rate, Video sequences, Random access memory, Streaming media. Abstract: This paper presents an error resilience evaluation of the intra prediction in VVC decoders when approximate storage is employed in the Reference Line Buffer (RLB). We present an error injection framework to simulate the use of approximate storage in the RLB buffer with commonly used Bit Error Rate (BER) values from literature for SRAM and DRAM technologies. We also perform the resilience evaluation considering different decoding configurations. Our analysis characterizes how the impacts of approximation are dependent on video content and configurations. The results show that approximate storage can be used in some of the evaluated scenarios with very low degradation on the final visual quality of the decoded video sequences. |
10,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual Elements Mining in the Packaging Design of Children's Products based on OpenGL and SVM, and key words: Support vector machines, Visualization, Systematics, Communication systems, Semantics, Image retrieval, Packaging. Abstract: Visual elements mining in the packaging design of children's products based on OpenGL and SVM is studied in this paper. Using the semantics of images to retrieve images based on people's habit of understanding and describing images is an ideal image retrieval method, hence, this paper selects the SVM as the theoretical basis for the study of the visual elements. For the implementation of the system, the OpenGL is the choice for the systematic optimization. The operator directly manipulates the robot, and records some key information and operation mode of the target by adjusting the position of the robot. After the comprehensive implementation of the system, the elements analysis for the packaging design is simulated. |
10,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Programmable Digital-coding-feeding Metasurfaces, and key words: PIN photodiodes, Handheld computers, Electromagnetic scattering, Metasurfaces, Computational electromagnetics, Orbits, PD control. Abstract: Metasurfaces, which could control electromagnetic (EM) waves in different characteristics by arranging the artificial micro-structures on a flat interface. In recent years, programmable metasurface is introduced to control the EM waves with multi-function. Here, we propose a programmable digital-coding-feeding metasurface (PDCF-MS) with control circuits to digitally simultaneously manipulate the incident EM waves and radiate the EM waves as an antenna. The multifunction of linearly and circularly polarized conversion, scattering manipulation, radiation and orbit angular momentum (OAM) generation has been comprehensively investigated using PDCF-MS. The presented PDCF-MS with the low profile and power-efficient advantages opens up avenues to realize more advanced multifunctional micro-devices and micro-systems. |
10,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying User Behavior Profiles in Ethereum Using Machine Learning Techniques, and key words: Analytical models, Conferences, Machine learning, Feature extraction, Data models, Blockchains, Business. Abstract: Ethereum is one of the largest blockchain platforms currently that has become a digital business environment for users. This platform is designed to allow decentralized transactions between anonymous users. Thus, the development of methods to identify user behavior profiles, keeping their identities anonymous, has the potential to leverage business on this platform. In this work, we investigate the use of machine learning to classify a user profile as professional or common based on the attributes of their transactions. This classification is challenging due to the small fraction of publicly labeled users in Ethereum and still the considerably smaller fraction of professional users. To conduct this investigation, we train models considering carefully balanced sets of transactions with labeled users. Our results show high performance models for the classification of profiles, achieving a performance greater than 90% for accuracy, precision, and other related measures. In addition, we have identified the most relevant features in transactions for this classification. |
10,191 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel optical buffer configuration for unslotted-asynchronous optical packet switching, and key words: Optical buffering, Optical packet switching, Optical signal processing, Packet switching, Optical fiber networks, Delay lines, Optical losses, Optical switches, Wavelength division multiplexing, Signal processing. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of configuring fiber delay lines (FDL) for optical buffers in an unslotted and asynchronous optical network. Given the restrictions on FDL number, by enhancing the proportion of small granularity FDL in the FDL group advisably, it can build more efficient FDL buffers with better performances, including the packet loss probability, mean delay time and throughput. This buffer configuration can be applied to optimize the switch in the practical project. |
10,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of simulation-driven construction operations visualization and 4D CAD, and key words: Visualization, Design automation, Animation, Joining processes, Buildings, Engineering management, Steel, Processor scheduling, Computational modeling, Analytical models. Abstract: Several recent research efforts in visualizing construction are rooted in scheduling. They involve linking activity-based construction schedules and 3D CAD models of facilities to describe discretely-evolving construction "product" visualizations called 4D CAD. The focus is on communicating what component(s) are built where and when. The construction processes or operations actually involved in building them are usually implied. Ongoing research at Virginia Tech focuses on designing automated, simulation-driven methods to visualize, in addition to evolving construction products, the operations and processes that are performed in building them. In addition to what is built where and when, the effort is concerned with visualizing who builds it and how by depicting the interaction between involved machines, resources, and materials. This paper expounds the differences in concept, form, and content between 4D CAD and dynamic 3D visualization of operations simulations. An example of a structural steel framing operation is presented to elucidate the comparison. |
10,193 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved PQ Zeta Converter with Reduced Switch Voltage Stress for Electric Vehicle Battery Charger, and key words: Voltage control, Batteries, Switches, Capacitors, Stress, Buck converters. Abstract: This work presents an improved Zeta PFC (Power Factor Correction) converter with reduced switch voltage stress on PFC devices for enhanced power quality battery electric vehicle charger (BEV). A flyback converter is cascaded after this improved Zeta PFC converter to control the battery current during charging in CC-CV mode. This Zeta PFC converter is the modified version with two switch and clamping diodes at the input of conventional Zeta converter. The main advantage is seen that the switch voltage stress is reduced to supply voltage, which results into lower losses in PFC stage and, therefore, the efficiency of the charger is improved over chargers based on other Zeta PFC converters. The improved zeta converter as well as a flyback converter is designed in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This gives the advantage of reduced cost and size with less sensors in the circuit and low magnetic volume. The prototype for this charger is developed and tested with a 48V/100Ah battery to verify its effectiveness for different line and loading conditions. A comparison is given to show the reduced device stress, improved PQ and efficiency. |
10,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Operation of a DSTATCOM in voltage control mode, and key words: Voltage control, STATCOM, Inverters, Filters, Nonlinear distortion, Converters, Power conversion, Bridge circuits, Switched capacitor circuits, Feedback loop. Abstract: The paper presents the operating principles of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) that is used to maintain the voltage of a distribution bus. A three-phase, four-wire distribution system is assumed in this study. A three-phase bridge inverter circuit that is supplied by two neutral-clamped DC storage capacitors realizes the DSTATCOM. Three filter capacitors, one for each phase, are connected in parallel with the DSTATCOM to eliminate high-frequency switching components. The voltage across the filter capacitor is controlled by a dead-beat controller to maintain the AC bus voltage. The magnitude of the bus voltage is chosen as nominal value, i.e., 1.0 p.u., while its phase angle is obtained through a feedback loop that maintains the voltage across the DC storage capacitors. Through detailed simulation and experimental results, it has been shown that the DSTATCOM can maintain the voltage against any unbalance and distortion in either the load or supply side. |
10,195 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of dynamic topology on circuit and packet-switched satellite networks, and key words: Network topology, Circuit topology, Packet switching, Aerodynamics, Routing, Switching circuits, Military satellites, Switched systems, Flexible printed circuits, Switches. Abstract: Since next-generation satellites are being designed to be network-centric, with routers and switches on board, the choice being circuit and packet switching (or combination of both) has become a crucial technology decision that many designers of satellite networks must grapple with. Of particular importance is how each type of switching responds to dynamic changes in network topology. The following simulation study characterizes and quantifies how circuit and packet-switched satellite networks respond to both planned and unplanned changes in network topology. Results show that circuit-switched satellite networks, which must teardown and reestablish connections, are less robust in handling dynamic changes in network topology |
10,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Minimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing, and key words: Schedules, Energy consumption, Time-frequency analysis, Base stations, Minimization, Energy efficiency, Complexity theory. Abstract: This paper presents a new mobile edge computing (MEC) framework, where an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is deployed to assist the smart terminals (STs) in offloading their computations to a base station (BS) equipped with edge servers. The energy consumption of the STs is minimized by jointly optimizing the CPU frequencies of the STs, the offloading schedule, the IRS phase shifts, and the receive beamformers of the BS. A key idea is that we reveal the optimal CPU frequency of each ST is time-invariant. Another important aspect is that given the optimal CPU frequency, we develop a new algorithm, which leverages alternating optimization to optimize the IRS phases and receive beamformers, and Lagrange duality method to optimize the offloading schedule. The proposed algorithm guarantees to compute a stationary point solution for the problem of interest with a low complexity. By using positive semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, we also develop a lower bound of the energy consumption. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm reaches the lower bound, and is superior to the baseline schemes in terms of energy efficiency. |
10,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated design of robust discriminant analysis classifier for foot pressure lesions using kinematic data, and key words: Robustness, Foot, Lesions, Kinematics, Tracking, Motion measurement, Costs, Algorithm design and analysis, Classification algorithms, Motion analysis. Abstract: In the recent years, the use of motion tracking systems for acquisition of functional biomechanical gait data, has received increasing interest due to the richness and accuracy of the measured kinematic information. However, costs frequently restrict the number of subjects employed, and this makes the dimensionality of the collected data far higher than the available samples. This paper applies discriminant analysis algorithms to the classification of patients with different types of foot lesions, in order to establish an association between foot motion and lesion formation. With primary attention to small sample size situations, we compare different types of Bayesian classifiers and evaluate their performance with various dimensionality reduction techniques for feature extraction, as well as search methods for selection of raw kinematic variables. Finally, we propose a novel integrated method which fine-tunes the classifier parameters and selects the most relevant kinematic variables simultaneously. Performance comparisons are using robust resampling techniques such as Bootstrap 632+ and k-fold cross-validation. Results from experimentations with lesion subjects suffering from pathological plantar hyperkeratosis, show that the proposed method can lead to /spl sim/96% correct classification rates with less than 10% of the original features. |
10,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverse Time Differential Current Protection for Microgrid, and key words: Conferences, Microgrids, Inverters, Generators, Reliability. Abstract: The different operation modes and a large number of inverter interfaced distributed generator of the microgrid make the inverse time over-current protection have shortcomings such as insufficient quickness and poor coordination in microgrid. This paper proposes an inverse time differential current protection which combines the advantages of differential current protection and considers the coordination of protection between lines. The correctness of the protection scheme is verified by simulation. |
10,199 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm With Spiral Flight Search for Optimizing Hybrid Active Power Filters’ Parameters, and key words: Active filters, Power harmonic filters, Optimization, Harmonic analysis, Spirals, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In view of various issues occasioned by harmonic pollution in the power system, the optimization of the filter parameters is of great significance. However, under the system constraints, estimating the filter parameters accurately and reliably is a challenging task. To complete this task, this paper proposes an improved salp swarm algorithm based on the spiral flight search strategy (ISSA-SFS), which rationally integrates the spiral flight search (SFS) strategy, the multiple leader (ML) strategy, and the random learning (RL) strategy with two improved evolution phases: the improved lead phase (ILP) and the improved follow phase (IFP). In the ILP, the SFS strategy is introduced to enhance the global search capability and avoid premature convergence. Furthermore, in the ILP, an ML strategy is proposed to select multiple leaders, further strengthening the global search capability of the proposed algorithm. In the IFP, a simple RL strategy is developed to learn two different random individuals, efficiently improving the local exploitation. The proposed algorithm ISSA-SFS is applied to optimize two prominent hybrid active power filter (HAPF) topologies, and each topology contains four different study cases. The overall experimental results indicate that the ISSA-SFS is a more promising alternative to achieve the optimal design of HAPFs compared with other well-established algorithms, especially in terms of accuracy and robustness. |
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