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9,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Response Characteristics of Conductive Polymerization of Selective Electrode for Marine Pure Water, and key words: Electrodes, Resistance, Temperature distribution, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Ions, Solids, Time factors. Abstract: There are many problems with traditional solid-state ion electrodes, such as unstable, long response time, etc. In this paper, a glassy carbon electrode was used as the conductor, and poly-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) was used as the conductive polymer layer. A new type of trace ion all-solid-state electrode was prepared by combining the sensitive membrane of the working electrode with a drop-coating method. In order to meet the needs of soft water online detection, which is important to the marine nuclear power plant, chloride ion working electrode and nitrate ion working electrode had been developed. The electrode capacitance, resistance characteristics, repeatability, detection limit, response time, selectivity coefficient, and temperature influence have been experimented. Compared with the solid station electrode without conductive polymer layer, the electrode with conductive polymer improved resistance and capacitance characteristics, improved stability and repeatability, reduced response time. The average detection error of ion select electrodes on soft water was less than 5% according to the result. |
9,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordinated Optimization Model of the Wind Power Plant with Hydrogen Storage System and Demand Response, and key words: Costs, Hydrogen storage, Uncertainty, Hydrogen, Linearization techniques, Wind power generation, Relaxation methods. Abstract: The deployment of the hydrogen storage system(HSS) that smooths the wind power output and reduces wind curtailment is usually constrained by its high cost. Considering the widely dispersed demand response(DR) resources can conveniently shift load to match the wind power output and enhance the wind power integration by means of electricity price signals at a competitive cost, a coordinated model of the wind power plant with HSS(WPP-HSS) and a real-time pricing(RTP) based DR strategy is proposed. In the proposed DR strategy, a cost adjustment coefficient of consumers and the equivalent net load(ENL) ramping constraint are incorporated for adjusting consumers' electricity cost and improving the economic operation of power systems. This optimization model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) problem by using the McCormick relaxation method and other linearization techniques. Finally, a test system is adopted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and sensitivity analysis on the cost adjustment coefficient is conducted. |
9,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Initial timing acquisition for asynchronous DS-UWB transmissions by burst synchronization signal, and key words: Timing, Frequency synchronization, Maximum likelihood estimation, FCC, Bandwidth, Network topology, Interference, Ultra wideband technology, Communication switching, Radio broadcasting. Abstract: We consider the initial timing acquisition for asynchronous DS-UWB transmissions in a distributed network topology, i.e., no common timing reference and neither synchronization among terminals are provided. Thus, when an arbitrary terminal in active mode (at switch-on or after sleeping period) needs to establish communication with reachable terminals, it listens for a common synchronization signal. Such a low-duty cycle synchronization signal is broadcasted by active terminals which accept a communication link. Thus, a simplified maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm is provided for initial timing acquisition. This estimator offers good performance in UWB radio channels independently of the multipath intensity profile for either fast and slow fading. Additionally, the proposed method provides estimation of the average SNR per channel path, multipath intensity profile, and noise plus interference power spectral density. |
9,803 | Please write an abstract with title: The effectiveness of social media for inclusion of women in computing, and key words: Computer science, Video on demand, Social networking (online), Bibliographies, Sociology, Refining, Switches. Abstract: Despite the projection of an increase in the number of jobs in the computer science (CS) field by 13% from 2020 to 2030 in the United States (as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics), the representation of women, especially women of color, in the field remains low. Lack of representation for women in computer science negatively impacts the growth of this demographic as it becomes harder for prospective individuals to envision themselves in the field when they do not see others like them already succeeding in CS. Studies have found that the retention of women in the field is stronger when the representation of women is evident in their environment, however, it is hard to come by considering the low population of women computer scientists. While new prospects may find fewer women in their CS departments in their college experience, or at their workplaces, there is a plethora of social media personalities and communities for them to engage in and find like-minded individuals.This full research paper investigates the experiences of women, or lack thereof, in CS communities centered around social media and how it contributes to their sense of belonging in the CS field at large. It is evident that there is limited scope in the existing literature that studies the impact social media participation has on CS women. This literature review distinguishes the narrow scope of literature focused on women’s experiences with open-source software communities in CS from women’s experiences with more generic widespread platforms such as Twitter, or Instagram. It argues for the expansion of knowledge for the effects of CS women’s participation on such platforms and provides insight into approaches, such as photovoice, that may be utilized to study this space. The outcomes of this review reveal the potential of utilizing online platforms in retaining women in the CS workforce effectively. Considering the current status of many organizations that have switched from in-person to remote engagement due to COVID, this review contributes to the analysis of the effective use of technology and its impact at a critical time. |
9,804 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel (2, 3) Reversible Secret Image Sharing Based on Fractal Matrix, and key words: Authentication, Data mining, Fractals, Cryptography, Insects, Visualization, Image edge detection. Abstract: This article first proposes two types of three-dimensional (3D) fractal reference matrices. Then, a new reversible (2, 3) secret image sharing scheme based on a fractal matrix is presented. With the help of the fractal reference matrix, the secret data can be embedded in an original image to generate three meaningful shadow images. It is worth mentioning that these two types of fractal matrices are designed for different hiding capacity, meanwhile the characteristics of the fractal matrix can guarantee good visual quality of the generated shadow images. Moreover, we provide two authentication mechanisms according to different situations, one of the authentication mechanisms can achieve 100% ability cheat detection. When the authentication is passed, we only need two of the three shadow images to extract the correct secret data and perfectly restore the original image. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme provides excellent authentication ability and good visual quality. |
9,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Jocassee pumped storage projectߞStartup testing and operating experience, and key words: Testing, Switches, AC motors, Synchronous motors, Acceleration, Regulators, Voltage control, Monitoring, Power systems, History. Abstract: The intent of this paper is to offer useful information to those who are designing or are about to begin operation of pumped storage installations for the first time. It describes Duke Power Company's design, checkout, and precomraercial operation techniques and experiences with Jocassee Pumped-Storage Station (Units 1 & 2 of an eventual 4 Unit Station). Particular emphasis is made on two methods of pump starts, Semi-synchronous and Reduced Voltage, including the control and monitoring equipment involved. |
9,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Boundary matching method as applied to systems of multiconductors, and key words: Conductors, Current distribution, Impedance, Partial differential equations, Permeability, Magnetic fields, Distributed computing, Inductance, Current density, Frequency. Abstract: A boundary-matching method treating a system of several current carrying conductors is presented here. The special case of a pair of circular conductors is studied in more detail. The current distribution and conductor impedance are computed and compared with the corresponding results of a single circular conductor. The method yields very reliable results even for closely spaced conductors. |
9,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Phaseless Spherical Near-Field Antenna Measurements Using an Arbitrary Oriented Translation Axis, and key words: Antenna measurements, Phase measurement, Uncertainty, Measurement uncertainty, Measurement techniques, Length measurement, Mechanical variables measurement. Abstract: In phaseless Spherical Near-Field (SNF) measurements, the two-scans method is widely used. This technique relies on reconstructing the far-field radiation pattern of an Antenna Under Test (AUT) from amplitude measurements sampled over two spheres with different measurement radii. In an SNF setup, different radii can be achieved with a linear axis aligned to the AUT-probe path and translating either the AUT or probe. However, linear axes can also be used, which are not on an axis between AUT and probe. This is the case, for example, with axes for averaging the quiet zone influence in a hybrid test range combining a compact antenna test range and an SNF setup. Also in this case, the two-scans method can be applied by compensating the misalignment of AUT and probe through different rotations. This paper shows how the linear arbitrary oriented axis can be used for the two-scans method and describes the additionally required post-processing steps. |
9,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Radial GRIN Lenses Based on the Solution of a Regularized Ray Congruence Equation, and key words: Printing, Closed-form solutions, Integral equations, Refractive index, Optical variables control, Mathematical models, Aperture antennas. Abstract: We introduce a novel formulation for flat radial GRadient INdex (GRIN) lenses allowing for the optimal lens design through closed-form expressions. The validity of the proposed formulation covers a very large range of GRIN lens design parameters (focal distance, lens thickness, and maximum refractive index). The formulation is based on the derivation of a new form of nonlinear integral equation representing the equalization of all the optical ray-path lengths, denoted as regularized ray congruence (RRC) equation, and on its closed-form solution. An analytical form of aperture efficiency is given for standard feed patterns. The application of the formulas presented here allows for an instantaneous design for medium/high gain antennas with controllable total aperture efficiency till 80%. The accuracy of the formulation is tested by a full-wave analysis and compared with other formulations available in the literature. We found that the new formulation proposed here significantly reduces the phase error in a wide range of the lens parameters, thus allowing for a more efficient, accurate, and flexible design for GRIN lenses. As a proof of concept, a thin GRIN lens antenna for operation in E-band (60–90 GHz) is designed, demonstrating high aperture efficiency (63%) across a wide frequency range. |
9,809 | Please write an abstract with title: QCSE and Carrier Blocking in P-modulation Doped InAs/InGaAs Quantum Dots, and key words: Quantum dots, Electrooptic modulators, Modulation, Doping, Insertion loss, Lead, Extinction ratio. Abstract: The quantum confined Stark effect in I nAs/InGaAs Q Ds using a n undoped and p-modulation doped active region was investigated. Doping potentially offers more than a 3x increase in figure of merit modulator performance up to 100 °C. |
9,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Diagnostic Technique with UHF PD Monitoring of HV GIS in Smart Grid, and key words: Partial discharges, Sensitivity, Tools, Maintenance engineering, Smart grids, Gas insulation, Reliability. Abstract: High voltage gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and lines (GIL) are considered as essential elements in Transmission Smart Grids. GIS and GILs are characterized by a high degree of reliability and long lifetime. Any failure in these types of equipment directly reduces grid reliability and increases maintenance costs. The failure analysis divulges that insulation deterioration is a principal factor in most of the breakdowns of GIS. Since gas-insulated apparatus are sealed structures, it is difficult to find internal incipient faults from outside. As such, intelligent condition-based asset management tools to detect the incipient faults to avoid functional failure is mandatory. Online partial discharge (PD) detection has been proven as the most effective tool for insulation degradation diagnosis. Both ultra-high frequency (UHF) technique and acoustic means have been popularly used in PD detection to enable the reliable, cost-effective life extension of existing plants. This paper presents state of the art in GIS/GIL online UHF PD diagnostics experienced by DEWA. It also explores the advantages of online PD monitoring as persuasive condition-based techniques for timely detection of potential faults. The paper also demonstrates real-life scenarios related to PD monitoring which increases the reliabilty of the grid. |
9,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties of a Spherical Parallel Link Mechanism With Arc Prismatic Pairs, and key words: Friction, Torque, Rails, End effectors, Prototypes, Licenses, Interference. Abstract: A two-degrees-of-freedom spherical parallel link mechanism (2-DOF SPM) was designed to ensure that it only has rotational degrees of freedom in two directions around a fixed center. In general, 2-DOF SPM includes passive rotating pairs, and at least two actuators are needed to change the end-effector posture. The arrangement of the links and pairs determines the characteristics and performance of SPM, so 2-DOF SPMs were designed considering various requirements, such as output torque, accuracy, and space constraints for applications. To satisfy these requirements, arc prismatic pairs can be used in SPMs. In order to use in SPMs, as for arc prismatic pairs, the concrete configuration and design methods for arc prismatic pairs have been studied. Furthermore, in order to compensate for the influence of friction on the positioning error, the control model considering the friction has been proposed by constructing a feedback loop containing experimentally found parameters. However, the conventional model is not a mechanical model of friction. Therefore, it is not suitable for calculating the friction force and understanding how the limit of the workspace changes due to the influence of friction. In this study, we construct a mechanical friction model considering the intersection angle change between the input and the rail slide direction. In addition, using the friction model, we clarify the influences of friction on the workspace and driving the SPM to realize high-performance 2-DOF SPM. First, we theoretically clarified the influence of friction on the workspace by considering the case of a slider-type differential-drive 2-DOF SPM. Second, the driving torque was experimentally measured, and the influence of friction on driving was examined. |
9,812 | Please write an abstract with title: A practical approach for 4G systems: deployment of overlay networks, and key words: Protocols, Laboratories, System testing, Bluetooth, Delay, Mobile radio mobility management, Wireless sensor networks, Radio access networks, Ultra wideband technology, IP networks. Abstract: Experimental activities play a vital role in the deployment and development of novel radio access networks. In particular the movement from 3G to 4G poses new challenges, which need to be solved using practical approaches such as testbeds. This paper presents a testbed that can be regarded as an early attempt to build a 4G system. It fully integrates heterogeneous wireless technologies using a loosely-coupled architecture. Also, experimental results are included to show the possibilities of this setup. |
9,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast algorithms for discrete-time Wiener filters with optimum lag, and key words: Wiener filter, Equations, Signal resolution, Statistics, Impedance matching, Delay effects, Monitoring, Signal processing algorithms, Least squares methods, Signal processing. Abstract: In many applications, including geophysical signal processing and system identification, the computation of a FIR Wiener filter, corresponding to the optimum lag between the input signal and the desired response, or of an optimum prediction distance predictor are often required. These problems lead to the solution of a family of Toeplitz systems of equations having the same associated matrix but right-hand side vectors which are shifted versions of each other. A very efficient method for the solution of the optimum lag problem is the well known Simpson's sideways recursions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce two new algorithms for the efficient computation of the optimum lag Wiener filter as well as the optimum prediction distance predictor. Their main characteristic is a coupled step-down step-up recursion which takes full advantage of both the Toeplitz nature of the matrix and the shifted structure of the right-hand side vectors. The proposed algorithms are featured by increased speed (they are about twice as fast as Simpson's scheme) and computational simplicity. In addition, they provide recursive error computation capability and give further insight into the problem. |
9,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Fading-Free Block-Wise PAM Signal Transmission with Direct Detection Based on Alamouti Coding and DDMZM, and key words: Asia, Encoding, Optical fiber communication, Photonics. Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate fading-free direct detection transmission of PAM signal enabled by Alamouti coding and dual-drive MZM. After 80km SSMF transmission, 32Gbaud PAM-4/6/8 signal can achieve KP4, 7% and 20% FEC thresholds, respectively. |
9,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Fixed-TimeBackstepping Control of Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking Based On Neural Network, and key words: Trajectory tracking, Backstepping, Adaptation models, Control design, Attitude control, Uncertainty, Target tracking. Abstract: This paper aims at the trajectory tracking of a quadrotor. A novel fixed-time backstepping control design scheme is proposed for the quadrotor based on adaptive neural control approach. The suggested adaptive controller ensures that the quadrotor well tracks the desired trajectory in finite time in spite of appearance of model uncertainties. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. |
9,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Using active components to perform voltage division in digital-to-analog conversion, and key words: Digital-analog conversion, Resistors, Logic gates, Transistors, Threshold voltage, Frequency conversion, Analog-digital conversion. Abstract: The need for special processing steps for implementation of passive components on a VLSI chip has been a major stumbling block in integration of analog and digital circuits on the same chip. For example, the need for double polysilicon layers in implementing high-quality capacitors make integration of switched-capacitor circuits with digital circuits, which do not require double polysilicon and usually occupy the largest area on a silicon chip, not ideally cost-effective. |
9,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Double Loop Neural Fractional-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control of MEMS Gyroscope, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Asymptotic stability, Uncertainty, Stability analysis, Gyroscopes, Sliding mode control, Convergence. Abstract: A fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for a MEMS gyroscope using a double loop recurrent neural network approximator. For higher accuracy and faster convergence, the fractional-order (FO) calculus is employed into the nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller with additional degree of freedom. For the system robustness, the neural network is designed to approximate the lumped uncertainty. The inner recurrent loop and external recurrent loop is employed to provide feedback signal to obtain satisfactory approximation accuracy. Furthermore, the Lyapunov stability theorem is employed to verify the asymptotical stability and convergence of system. Simulations for a MEMS gyroscope are studied to exhibit the superiority of the proposed control strategy. |
9,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent aging studies for the ATLAS transition radiation tracker, and key words: Aging, Ionization, Radiation detectors, Large Hadron Collider, Wire, Neutrons, Large scale integration, Silicon, Pollution, Anodes. Abstract: The transition radiation tracker (TRT) is one of the three subsystems of the inner detector of the ATLAS experiment. It is designed to operate for 10 yr at the LHC, with integrated charges of /spl sim/10 C/cm of wire and radiation doses of about 10 Mrad and 2/spl times/10/sup 14/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/. These doses translate into unprecedented ionization currents and integrated charges for a large-scale gaseous detector. This paper describes studies leading to the adoption of a new ionization gas regime for the ATLAS TRT. In this new regime, the primary gas mixture is 70%Xe-27%CO/sub 2/-3%O/sub 2/. It is planned to occasionally flush and operate the TRT detector with an Ar-based ternary mixture, containing a small percentage of CF/sub 4/, to remove, if needed, silicon pollution from the anode wires. This procedure has been validated in realistic conditions and would require a few days of dedicated operation. This paper covers both performance and aging studies with the new TRT gas mixture. |
9,819 | Please write an abstract with title: An Electric Field Converging Applicator with Heating Pattern Controller for Microwave Hyperthermia, and key words: Applicators, Resistance heating, Temperature control, Electromagnetic heating, Hyperthermia, Electromagnetic waveguides, Waveguide transitions, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic fields, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: A new type of applicator for microwave hyperthermia at 430 MHz has heen developed. The applicator, which consists of an integrated waveguide array, has a convergent effect of the radiated electromagnetic (EM) field in Iossy dielectric media, and it can change the heating pattern in the medium with ease. The electric field distributions from the aperture of the applicator were measured in a saline solution having a concentration of 0.2--0.6 percent which served as the model of simulated human tissues. The results show that when using the above applicator, the location of maximum intensity of the electric field conld be generated inside of the dissipative medium. The calculations of temperature distribution were performed in the model by using the experimental results of the electric field distribution. The applicator could change the transverse electric field distribution inside the medium, and then could control the depth of tissues located to the hyperthermic range. The heating range available for hyperthermia rising our single applicator is maximum 60 mm in depth theoretically. |
9,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Overhead and Cable Power Lines, and key words: Power cables, Surface waves, Veins, Aluminum, Power quality, Electromagnetic fields, Mathematical model. Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the effect of a signal induced by an external electromagnetic field on the quality of electricity transmitted over a cable line. The article presents the results of developing a mathematical model of the effect of external electromagnetic fields on cable lines. To check the obtained results was realized a simulation model of interaction between alternating electromagnetic field and cable lines, based on the finite element method, and created using PC FEMM, which allowed us to obtain a graphical representation of the distribution of intensities of electric and magnetic fields in the cable AASw 3×240 under the influence of external fields generated by overhead power line with rated voltage of 110 kV. An algorithm is developed for determining possible deviations of the voltage in the cable line from the rated voltage depending on the amplitude characteristics of the incident wave. The resulting estimate of the effectiveness of shielding cables brand AASw. |
9,821 | Please write an abstract with title: New interpolation method for quadrature encoder signals, and key words: Interpolation, Signal resolution, Servomechanisms, Computer errors, Manufacturing, Optical distortion, Optical signal processing, Error correction, Table lookup, Digital signal processing. Abstract: This paper presents a new interpolation method suitable for increasing the measurement resolution obtainable from quadrature encoder signals. Based on the existing sinusoidal signals, high-order sinusoids can be derived, from which binary pulses can be generated, which can be decoded using only standard servo controllers for position information. A look-up table, constructed off-line, serves as the inferencing engine for the proposed method. Imperfections in the encoder signals can be directly compensated for in the look-up table, including mean and phase offsets, amplitude difference, and waveform distortion. Simulation and experimental results are provided in this paper. |
9,822 | Please write an abstract with title: A 0.5-V 1-μW successive approximation ADC, and key words: Switching circuits, Analog-digital conversion, Threshold voltage, CMOS technology, Digital-analog conversion, Sampling methods, Energy consumption, Analog circuits, Circuit testing, Clocks. Abstract: A successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented operating at ultralow supply voltages. The circuit is realized in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology. Neither low-V/sub T/ devices nor voltage boosting techniques are used. All voltage levels are between supply voltage V/sub DD/ and ground V/sub SS/. A passive sample-and-hold stage and a capacitor-based digital-to-analog converter are used to avoid application of operational amplifiers, since opamp operation requires higher values for the lowest possible supply voltage. The ADC has signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratios of 51.2 and 43.3 dB for supply voltages of 1 and 0.5 V, at sampling rates of 150 and 4.1 kS/s and power consumptions of 30 and 0.85 μW, respectively. Proper operation is achieved down to a supply voltage of 0.4 V. |
9,823 | Please write an abstract with title: A testbed for geomagnetic data assimilation, and key words: Dynamo: theories and simulations, Inverse theory, Numerical approximations and analysis, Numerical modelling, Statistical methods. Abstract: Geomagnetic data assimilation merges past and present-day observations of the Earth's magnetic field with numerical geodynamo models and the results are used to initialize forecasts. We present a new ‘proxy model’ that can be used to test, or rapidly prototype, numerical techniques for geomagnetic data assimilation. The basic idea for constructing a proxy is to capture the conceptual difficulties one encounters when assimilating observations into high-resolution, 3-D geodynamo simulations, but at a much lower computational cost. The framework of using proxy models as ‘gate-keepers’ for numerical methods that could/should be considered for more extensive testing on operational models has proven useful in numerical weather prediction, where advances in data assimilation and, hence, improved forecast skill, are at least in part enabled by the common use of a wide range of proxy models. We also present a large set of systematic data assimilation experiments with the proxy to reveal the importance of localization and inflation in geomagnetic data assimilation. |
9,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Load Characteristics and Demand Response Control Model of River Water Source Heat Pump System, and key words: Water, Temperature measurement, Temperature distribution, Heat pumps, Buildings, Water heating, Demand response. Abstract: The energy utilization of river water source heat pump system adheres to the principle of “one energy, multipurpose and multi energy cooperation”, fully excavates the water resources of the park, comprehensively utilizes other clean energy, runs coordinately, and constructs a green, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. From the perspective of energy transfer, river water source heat pump system is a bridge connecting water source side and load side. The characteristics of water intake temperature and load distribution on the water source side have an important impact on the energy efficiency of the river water heat pump system. For example, the cooling load of residential buildings in summer is 78684kW, which can be reduced by combining water source heat pump with demand response. In this paper, the characteristics of water temperature change and load distribution on the demand side are analyzed. According to the load characteristics of different buildings, the demand response control model is established, and the user comfort is fully considered, which lays the foundation for the river water source heat pump system to participate in the demand response. |
9,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Dense High-Speed Motor-Generator System for Powering Futuristic Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), and key words: Power system measurements, Torque, Density measurement, Rectifiers, Pulse width modulation, Steady-state, Aircraft propulsion. Abstract: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have emerged as a useful aid for entertainment, monitoring, and defense activities. A Significant research effort is being invested in UASs to increase the payload capacity and monitoring/processing capabilities. To achieve this, the power density of UAS must be increased. In conventional UAS, for starting the fuel-powered engine, an engine starter is usually used. Once the engine starts, the engine torque is used for driving an alternator, which powers the electrical power system (EPS) of the UAS. This paper presents a novel axial-flux machine-based motor-generator system (MGS), capable to operate as an engine starter thereby eliminating the external starter. The design is targeted to meet the specifications given in the US Army SBIR, to achieve a continuous power density of 3kW/kg for a 7kW power rating. Additionally, the design also meets the dimensional requirements, required to fit with the existing engine. The compact power converter design and control also compliment the motor-generator design. The necessary design steps, and control algorithm to support bidirectional flow are discussed in detail. Finally, detailed simulation results verifying the performance requirement during engine start, generation mode, and emergency mode are also presented. |
9,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Software security and SOA: danger, Will Robinson!, and key words: Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Service oriented architecture, Computer security, Privacy, Buildings, Information security, Software safety, Risk management, Web services, Software performance. Abstract: The current buzzword of choice among the technical elite (at least those subject to marketing departments) is service-oriented architecture, or SOA (pronounced 'SO-uh'). As SOA moves from hype to practice, an opportunity exists to do security right, but a similar opportunity exists for disaster if security is done wrong. This article describes 13 snares that we must avoid to end up with SOA security that makes sense. |
9,827 | Please write an abstract with title: The Dutch MST program MicroNed and its cluster MISAT, and key words: Satellites, Space vehicles, Payloads, Space technology, Aerospace industry, Industrial training, Micromechanical devices, Costs, Instruments, Educational technology. Abstract: The Netherlands wants to become a strong knowledge intensive economy. For that reason the government initiated "Besluit subsidies investeringen kennisinfrastructuur" (BSIK) which is aiming at investments to improve and strengthen the knowledge infrastructure of the Netherlands in general. Within the context of BSIK a program called "MicroNed" has been proposed in the knowledge area microsystems- and nanotechnology. The research described in this paper is concerned with a micro systems technology (MST) based micro satellite called "MISAT" which forms part of the MicroNed program. The MISAT proposal consists of a bus, payload, architecture and formation flying work package. |
9,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning-Based Driver Behavior Modeling and Delay Compensation to Improve the Efficiency of an Eco-Driving Assistance System, and key words: Stochastic processes, Error compensation, Prototypes, Predictive models, Logic gates, Delays, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: This work proposes an eco-driving assistance system (EDAS) based on model predictive control (MPC) with a primary objective to improve the driver’s driving style in an energy-efficient manner. To improve the efficiency of an EDAS, a learning-based approach to model the driver behavior from an urban driving data collected using a dynamic driving simulator is presented. To cluster the driving data of thirty-four participants, unsupervised learning techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used. Furthermore, to predict the driver speed error while tracking an advisory speed, both stochastic and determinstic models, namely Stochastic Volatility (SV) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) respectively, are trained. Six new drivers evaluated the proposed concept, whose driving style is classified using a trained temporal convolution network (TCN). Using the predicted driver speed error, the eco-driving advisory speed is compensated and provided as a feedback to the driver via a human-machine interface (HMI). The results reveal that the deterministic model has been able to achieve higher prediction accuracy as compared to the stochastic model. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the drivers using EDAS with driver error compensation have been able to perform better advisory speed tracking and achieve improved energy savings. |
9,829 | Please write an abstract with title: TinyVIRAT: Low-resolution Video Action Recognition, and key words: Location awareness, Three-dimensional displays, Surveillance, Superresolution, Semantics, Pipelines, Benchmark testing. Abstract: The existing research in action recognition is mostly focused on high-quality videos where the action is distinctly visible. In real-world surveillance environments, the actions in videos are captured at a wide range of resolutions. Most activities occur at a distance with a small resolution and recognizing such activities is a challenging problem. In this work, we focus on recognizing tiny actions in videos. We introduce a benchmark dataset, Tiny VIRAT, which contains natural low-resolution activities. The actions in Tiny VIRAT videos have multiple labels and they are extracted from surveillance videos which makes them realistic and more challenging. We propose a novel method for recognizing tiny actions in videos which utilizes a progressive generative approach to improve the quality of low-resolution actions. The proposed method also consists of a weakly trained attention mechanism which helps in focusing on the activity regions in the video. We perform extensive experiments to benchmark the proposed Tiny VIRAT dataset and observe that the proposed method significantly improves the action recognition performance over baselines. We also evaluate the proposed approach on synthetically resized action recognition datasets and achieve state-of-the-art results when compared with existing methods. The dataset and code are publicly available at https://github.com/UgurDemir/Tiny-VIRAT. |
9,830 | Please write an abstract with title: An Evaluation of Loading Systems, and key words: Testing, Telephony, Impedance, Communication cables, Frequency response, White noise, Noise measurement, Frequency measurement, Instruments, Coils. Abstract: Telephone subscriber-line plant consists largely of cable pairs which, for lengths in excess of 18 kilofeet (kf) (18 000 feet), require loading to provide acceptable transmission. Various loading systems have been used over the years to secure optimum transmission with the telephone instruments representing the state of the art at the time. The current trend in exchange plant is to place even the longest rural telephone circuits in buried cable. This implies the application of loading, together with a judicious control of bridged taps beyond the last loading coil. Tests were therefore made on 24-gauge, 22-gauge, and 19-gauge artificial cable pairs loaded to the H-88, D-88, and D-66 systems described herein with varying lengths of bridged tap and using variously weighted noise as a test signal, and variously weighted "detectors." In this paper the test results are evaluated to show the relative "advantages" of the D-66, D-88, and H-88 loading schemes. |
9,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Method Using EDMS & Gabor for Shape and Texture, and key words: Forestry, Transform coding, Shape, Feature extraction, Radio frequency, Pattern recognition, Gabor filters. Abstract: The shape is essential to image formats where the textual image is the best example of the binary image representation. Feature extraction is a fundamental process in pattern recognition. the shape and texture recognition system consists of five major tasks which are involved pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and recognition. GENERALLY, less discriminative features in global and local feature approach leads to reduce in recognition rate. By proposing a global and local approach that produces more discriminative features and less dimensionality of data, these problems are overcome. Two feature extraction methods are studied namely Gabor filter and edge direction matrix (EDMS) and combination of two popular feature extraction methods is proposed The proposed method is a combination of Gabor filter and EDMS method which applied to reduce the dimensionality of data. this collaboration aims to make use of the major advantages each one presents, by simultaneously complementing each other, in order to elevate their weak points. By using classifier approaches such as random forest, the proposed combinative descriptor is compared with the state of the art combinative methods based on Gray-Level Co-occurrence matrix and moment invariant on two benchmark dataset MPEG-7 CE-Shape-1, Enghlishfnt. The experiments have shown the superiority of the introduced descriptor over the GLCM moment invariants from the literature. |
9,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting the Solar Power Plants Generation in a Meteorological Data-Constrained Environment, and key words: Forecasting, Power generation, Power system stability, Meteorology, Power systems, IP networks, Analytical models. Abstract: This paper is devoted to increasing the accuracy of forecasting the solar power plants generation in Russia in a data-constrained environment. Within this study, an analysis of forecasting parameters influence on the solar power plants generation based on the regression analysis methods was made. The study object was a real power system, with the installed capacity of 3915 MW, 330 MW of which is the solar power plants' share. The study also analyzed the change in the average price indice of the balancing market in Russia, depending on solar power plants presence. |
9,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliable Provisioning for Dynamic Content Requests in Optical Metro Networks, and key words: Optical fibers, Redundancy, Optical fiber networks, Routing, Reliability, Resource management. Abstract: We investigate new methods for reliable provisioning of dynamic content requests in optical metro networks. Our methods leverage content replication across multiple edge datacenters and multipath routing. |
9,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Fepstrum representation of speech signal, and key words: Frequency modulation, Low pass filters, Frequency domain analysis, Signal analysis, Amplitude modulation, Speech analysis, Automatic speech recognition, Pattern classification, Narrowband, Wideband. Abstract: Pole-zero spectral models in the frequency domain have been well studied and understood in the past several decades. Exploiting the duality between the temporal domain and the frequency domain, Kumaresan et al (R. Kumaresan, et al., March 1999), (R. Kumaresan, October 1998) have shown that the pole-zero model of the analytic speech signal in the temporal domain leads to its characterization in terms of the positive amplitude modulation (AM) and positive instantaneous frequency (PIF). In this paper, we carefully define AM and frequency modulation (FM) signals in the context of ASR. We show that for a theoretically meaningful estimation of the AM signal, it is necessary to decompose the speech signal into several narrow spectral bands as opposed to the previous use of the speech modulation spectrum (V. Tyagi, et al., 2003), (M. Athineos and D. Ellis, 2003), (M. Athineos, et al., April 2004), (Q. Zhu, and A. Alwan, 2000), (B. E. D. Kingsbury, et al., Aug. 1998), which was derived by decomposing the speech signal into increasingly wider spectral bands (such as critical, Bark or Mel). The estimated AM message signals are downsampled and their lower DCT coefficients are retained as speech features. These features carry information that is complementary to the MFCCs. A Tandem (H. Hermansky, 2003), (D. P. W. Ellis, et al., May 2001) combination of these two features is shown to improve recognition accuracy |
9,835 | Please write an abstract with title: IOT Based Clinical Data Set Formation Model for Smart Health Care Application, and key words: Training, Linear regression, Urban areas, Sociology, Smart healthcare, Machine learning, Data models. Abstract: The rapid development of the Internet and computer technology makes it possible to develop IoT based health care services in today's ageing population. However, the IoT data problem in elderly care seriously restricts the process of intelligentization in this field. Issues such as missing real IoT data, interference of dirty IoT data and too few standard samples emerge in an endless stream. Aiming at the problem of missing IoT data sets, based on collecting a small sample IoT data of community health care in a city, a three-stage IoT data generation model based on machine learning is proposed. The generation strategy based on tree structure is used in the first stage. The distribution of the IoT data generates the essential attributes of the IoT data set; in the second stage, the naive Bayesian algorithm is used to generate the primary behavioural ability evaluation index of the sample; in the third stage, the multiple linear regression method is used to generate the high Behavioral competency indicators and evaluation stages. In addition, to verify the effectiveness of the IoT data set generated by the model for downstream tasks, based on the generated IoT data, this paper uses neural networks to design multiple rehabilitation training plan recommendation models to achieve five multi-classification tasks and two multi-label classification tasks. Finally, this paper verifies the authenticity and validity of the generated IoT data by analyzing the experimental results and injecting expert knowledge. |
9,836 | Please write an abstract with title: 4D Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Spectral and Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data Classification, and key words: Representation learning, Earth, Deep learning, Three-dimensional displays, Data models, Sensors, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Multi-temporal remotely sensed observations acquired by multi-spectral sensors contain a wealth of information related to the Earth’s state. Deep learning methods have demonstrated a great potential in analyzing such observations. Traditional 2D and 3D approaches are unable to effectively extract valuable information encoded across all available dimensions. In this work, we propose the extension of current fully-convolutional models for multi-temporal remote sensing data classification to their high-dimensional analogs, which can naturally capture multi-dimensional dependencies and correlations. Experimental analysis on recently released observations from Landsat-8 reveals that our proposed high-dimensional fully-convolutional approach exhibits a clear classification performance improvement over state of the art low-order fully-convolutional models. |
9,837 | Please write an abstract with title: A remote measurement method of the human biosignals, and key words: Humans, Biosensors, Pulse measurements, Arteries, Heart rate detection, Heart rate, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Nose, Mouth, Infrared detectors. Abstract: The big earthquake will produce many sufferers. Rescue robots which help sufferers are developing in various laboratories. And it is very important for rescue team to grasp sufferer's condition. If it is possible to know them, we can decide order to rescue and take suitable treatment after rescues. And a lot of life of the sufferers will be saved. It seems that it is difficult for the rescue team to approach the sufferer at the disaster. Therefore, in the disaster area, the measurement of the sufferer's bio-signals should be taken by remote sensing or easy contact. Our objective of this study is the development of the bio-signal sensors which can be set on the small rescue robot for this kind of measurement. In this paper, we will talk about our developed sensors which can measure respiratory rate and pulse rate. |
9,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Parking Behaviour Analysis of Shared E-Bike Users Based on a Real-World Dataset - A Case Study in Dublin, Ireland, and key words: Visualization, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Costs, Urban areas, Companies, Batteries, Next generation networking. Abstract: In recent years, an increasing number of shared E-bikes have been rolling out rapidly in our cities. It, therefore, becomes important to understand new behaviour patterns of the cyclists in using these E-bikes as a foundation for the novel design of shared micromobility services as part of the realisation of next-generation intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we deeply investigate the users’ behaviour of shared E-bikes in a case study by using the real-world dataset collected from the shared E-bike company, MOBY, which currently operates in Dublin, Ireland. More specifically, we look into the parking behaviours of users as we know that inappropriate parking of these bikes can not only increase the management costs of the company but also result in other users’ inconveniences, especially in situations of a battery shortage, which inevitably reduces the overall operational efficacy of these shared E-bikes. Our work has conducted analysis at both bike station and individual levels in a fully anonymous and GDPR-Compliant manner, and our results have shown that up to 12.9% of shared E-bike users did not park their bikes properly at the designated stands. Different visualisation tools have been applied to better illustrate our obtained results. |
9,839 | Please write an abstract with title: The repurposing of nickel metal hydride hybrid electric vehicle batteries for solar energy storage applications in rural Pacific Island communities, and key words: Impedance measurement, Transportation, Solar energy, Production, Nickel, Time measurement, Batteries. Abstract: With the transportation sector taking a significant proportion of global emissions, the production of hybrid electric vehicles has been increasing. These vehicles have begun to penetrate emerging economies that do not have battery recycling programs seen in developed economies. In Fiji, there are an estimated 15,000 spent Toyota Prius nickel metal hydride batteries in landfills that have a substantial environmental footprint that can be repurposed for off-grid rural solar applications. Using a sample of 62 used Prius modules, constant current tests were performed to characterize the modules and were sorted to develop packs suitable to deliver one day of the World Bank’s Tier 2 electricity access. The packs can deliver the daily required 15.4Ah of power for rural households in Fiji and maintained Coulombic efficiencies between 85-95 percent. To pilot these systems, algorithms for a solar charge controller need to be developed using parameters determined in this study. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements should be made to create relationships between impedance, capacity, and state of health that will reduce the testing time to characterize modules. Utilizing these methodologies, a product life extension model can be implemented to reduce the batteries’ environmental impact while providing cost-effective rural energy access. |
9,840 | Please write an abstract with title: StopNet: Scalable Trajectory and Occupancy Prediction for Urban Autonomous Driving, and key words: Measurement, Computational modeling, Scalability, Urban areas, Predictive models, Trajectory, Forecasting. Abstract: We introduce a motion forecasting (behavior prediction) method that meets the latency requirements for autonomous driving in dense urban environments without sacrificing accuracy. A whole-scene sparse input representation allows StopNet to scale to predicting trajectories for hundreds of road agents with reliable latency. In addition to predicting trajectories, our scene encoder lends itself to predicting whole-scene probabilistic occupancy grids, a complementary output representation suitable for busy urban environments. Occupancy grids allow the AV to reason collectively about the behavior of groups of agents without processing their individual trajectories. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our sparse input representation and our model in terms of computation and accuracy over three datasets. We further show that co-training consistent trajectory and occupancy predictions improves upon state-of-the-art performance under standard metrics. |
9,841 | Please write an abstract with title: A Vitual Instrument for Sensors Nonlinear Errors Calibration, and key words: Instruments, Calibration, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Application software, Polynomials, Artificial neural networks, Testing, Performance analysis, Performance evaluation, Optical fiber sensors. Abstract: Generally, the input-output characteristic of many sensors are nonlinear. To improve the measure precision, the sensors nonlinear errors need to be calibrated. At present many calibration methods have been researched in term of theoretical analysis but no effective software be developed from the points of engineering actual applications. In this paper, a virtual instrument for sensors nonlinear errors calibration, based on Labview6.1, is presented. It consists of three kinds of nonlinear errors calibration methods: linear fit calibration, polynomial fit calibration and artificial neural network calibration. Tests and performance analysis neural network calibration. Tests and performance analysis of the VI were performed with the data of fibre-optic displacement sensor. |
9,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Role based privacy applied to context-aware mobile applications, and key words: Privacy, Mobile handsets, Collaboration, Authorization, Mobile communication, Testing, Handheld computers, Permission, Feedback, Human computer interaction. Abstract: Sharing of personal information in context aware applications challenges the application design since users wish to restrict and control the information access according to in which situation and with whom the information is shared. We introduce a mobile application, privacy studio, which enables the user to define different information sharing levels for distinct user groups. This is done by defining privacy profiles, which are applied in certain usage situations to define information sharing access rights to different target groups. We have demonstrated privacy studio mobile application with a mobile phone, and evaluated and assessed the users' perceptions in relation to information sharing and privacy with user tests. Positive feedback related to the efficient and easy way of information sharing was gained, whereas potential privacy risks were seen as a major concern with the application. |
9,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Instrumentation of real-time acquisition system for diagnosis in a photovoltaic generator, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Production systems, Smart cities, Instruments, Real-time systems, Generators, Sustainable development. Abstract: Predictive maintenance provides a better return on investment when considering the operation of a photovoltaic generator (PVG). It requires the installation of good instrumentation, able of acquiring data in real time, linked to the performance of the energy production system based on PV panels. Through this instrumentation judiciously chosen and embedded in Arduino, we wish to save the real data of the production, in order to then submit them to an appropriate diagnosis method. This will make it possible to undertake preventive maintenance actions thanks to the real-time monitoring of the production performance of a PVG either instantly for connected sites or a posteriori for isolated production sites. |
9,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Automata Based Q-Learning RACH Access Scheme for Cellular M2M Communications, and key words: Machine-to-machine communications, Quality of service, Learning automata, Long Term Evolution, Delays, Cellular networks, Throughput. Abstract: This paper introduces a novel Learning Automata (LA) scheme to improve the performance of a Q-learning based RACH access (QL-RACH) scheme, when applied for combined human and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication in a cellular network. The scheme employs an LA technique to eliminate the excessive punishment suffered by the M2M users by controlling the use of a penalty factor in the QL-RACH scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed LA-QL-RACH scheme improves the RACH throughput by 82% and reduces the access delay performance by 79%, thereby eliminating the repetitive collisions experienced in the dedicated M2M slots. |
9,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Decision of Optimal Path of Forest Disaster Patrol Based on Beidou Navigation, and key words: Forestry, Satellites, Path planning, Fires, Satellite navigation systems, Sensors, Matlab. Abstract: In this paper, a forest data map returned by Beidou satellites is combined with classic theories such as graph theory and mathematical planning, and the Dijkstra algorithm, which is the most widely used in practice, is the core to propose a forest patrol optimal path planning model. And by comparing with the Floyd path planning algorithm, the correctness and implementability of the model are verified. The experimental results show that the algorithm effectively solves the problem of optimal path decision from a patrol base to an arbitrary forest area in a certain forest, and verifies that the Dijkstra algorithm can be accurately and reliably applied to the optimal path planning field of forest patrol. |
9,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Twin MONOS: a nitride based dual bit flash memory, and key words: MONOS devices, Flash memory, CMOS technology, Character generation, Space technology, Implants, Costs, Bandwidth, Low voltage, Channel hot electron injection. Abstract: Twin MONOS is a CMOS-based dual bit nitride storage flash memory technology which offers low cost, high performance and low power. |
9,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Real-Time Collaborative Data Science Through Context-Aware Mechanisms, and key words: Visualization, Collaboration, Data science, Real-time systems, Stakeholders. Abstract: Data scientists benefit from collaboration: data scientists work across disciplines with a variety of stakeholders in practice [1] ; data scientists collaborate between the team to improve work efficiency [2] ; citizen data scientists collaborate in an open source manner to collectively explore topics of shared interests [3] , [4] . |
9,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Unified Modeling and Hierarchical Control Strategy for Different Distributed Generators in Active Distribution Networks, and key words: Voltage control, Frequency control, Couplings, Uncertainty, Power system stability, Impedance, Generators. Abstract: The growing penetration of renewable energy resources (RESs) increases uncertainties in active distribution networks (ADNs), leading the networks to suffer low inertia, bidirectional power flows, and rapid power changes. The frequency overshoots, overvoltage, and unbalance power sharing are prone to happen in ADNs. To address those issues, this paper proposes a novel unified modeling and a hierarchical control strategy for different distributed generators (DGs). First, to unify the control states of different DGs and separate control states of different control layers, a unified modeling method for grid-following and grid-forming DGs is proposed. Then, based on the unified model, a two-layer control strategy is designed. The robust controllers are locally configured to achieve rapid recovery control, avoiding the impact of communication delays. The collaborative power controller is centralized designed to prevent power circulation caused by the interaction of local controllers of DGs. Compared with other hierarchical control strategies, our strategy can make further use of the residual capacities of different DGs and can more rapidly suppress the unpredictable changes of RESs. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated by several cases in MATLAB/Simulink. |
9,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Cost-Effective Sensing for Goal Inference: A Model Predictive Approach, and key words: Costs, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Gain measurement, Robot sensing systems, Sensors, Kalman filters. Abstract: Goal inference is of great importance for a variety of applications that involve interaction, coordination, and/or competition with goal-oriented agents. Typical goal inference approaches use as many pointwise measurements of the agent's trajectory as possible to pursue a most accurate a-posteriori estimate of the goal. However, taking frequent measurements may not be preferred in situations where sensing is associated with high cost (e.g., sensing + perception may involve high computational/bandwidth cost and sensing may raise security concerns in privacy-critical/data-sensitive applications). In such situations, a sensible tradeoff between the information gained from measurements and the cost associated with sensing actions is highly desirable. This paper introduces a cost-effective sensing strategy for goal inference tasks based on hybrid Kalman filtering and model predictive control. Our key insights include: 1) a model predictive approach can be used to predict the amount of information gained from new measurements over a horizon and thus to optimize the tradeoff between information gain and sensing action cost, and 2) the high computational efficiency of hybrid Kalman filtering can ensure real-time feasibility of such a model predictive approach. We evaluate the proposed cost-effective sensing approach in a goal-oriented task, where we show that compared to standard goal inference approaches, our approach takes a considerably reduced number of measurements while not impairing the speed, accuracy, and reliability of goal inference by taking measurements smartly. |
9,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Fast Chase Algorithm based High Speed Turbo Product Code Decoder, and key words: Product codes, Costs, Parallel processing, Decoding, Complexity theory, Hardware design languages, Adders. Abstract: In this paper a high speed turbo product code (TPC) decoder based on fast Chase algorithm is proposed. The improvement in speed is achieved by exploiting the parallelism in the decoder design. A fully parallel soft-in soft-out (SISO) module based on low complexity fast Chase algorithm is designed. The designed parallel SISO module is used to construct the turbo product decoder using sub block parallelism without any interleaving resources. With this design, a 15 times increase in speed is achieved with a $(31,26)^{2}$ Hamming TPC when compared to that of the decoder that uses sequential SISO module with barrel shifter as interleaving resource. However there is a marginal increase in the area utilized. It is envisaged that, with the use of area efficient adders and comparators, the speed-area trade-off can be mitigated. |
9,851 | Please write an abstract with title: MTJ-LRB: Proposal of MTJ-Based Loop Replica Bitline as MRAM Device-Circuit Interaction for PVT-Robust Sensing, and key words: Delays, Magnetic tunneling, Inverters, Sensors, Discharges (electric), Resistance. Abstract: Magnetic tunnel junction is first integrated into Loop Replica Bit-Line for robust MRAM sensing. The replica bit-line with the replica bit-cells is used to generate sensing enable signal for bit-line delay tracking. As a realization of MTJ device and MRAM circuit interaction, a tunable MTJbased loop structure with a group of replica cells is applied to control the timing of STT-MRAM, using optimal MTJ resistance at either parallel or anti-parallel state. The logic delay among the discharging groups is compensated for removing its impact on the target timing. The proposed MTJ-LRB structure was implemented with 28-nm CMOS process and 40nm×40nm spin-transfer-torque MTJ device, and evaluated in a 512×512 MRAM array. Simulation results show that the sensing latency variation can be reduced by 87.8% and 76.2% compared with the traditional inverter chains and a previous replica BL technique. The proposed MTJ-LRB achieves enhanced timing scheme and process-voltage-temperature tracking ability, which could be applied to future non-volatile memory design. |
9,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and performance of transferred electron amplifiers using distributed equalizer networks, and key words: Electrons, Distributed amplifiers, Equalizers, Microwave devices, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave amplifiers, Gunn devices, Topology, Power amplifiers, Bandwidth. Abstract: This paper describes improved techniques for the design of broad-band linear reflection-type microwave amplifiers using transferred electron devices. These techniques have produced excellent agreement between amplifier design goals and performance. This agreement results from improvements in measuring techniques and data reduction in addition to the use of a distributed equalizer topology. Multistage amplifiers having a net gain of over 25 dB and a power output in excess of 0.4 W over a bandwidth of 4 GHz in X- band have been realized. |
9,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanisms for haptic torque feedback, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Torque, Force feedback, State feedback, Virtual prototyping, Virtual reality, Displays, Conferences, Gas insulated transmission lines, Intelligent robots. Abstract: This paper presents a state of the art in torque and force/torque feedback mechanisms, from 1-dof rotary knobs to redundant 10-dof mechanisms. This preliminary study, together with our recent attainments in haptics and virtual reality, draws future lines of work for our research. |
9,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Interactions between development and learning during the acquisition of binocular disparity sensitivities, and key words: Brain modeling, Biological neural networks, Analytical models, Humans, Pediatrics, Psychology, Jacobian matrices, Computer science, Computational modeling, Computer simulation. Abstract: Investigates the use of developmental progressions in the acquisition of binocular disparity sensitivity, In an earlier paper (2001) we presented results of simulations comparing a non-developmental neural network model and two developmental neural network models trained to detect binocular disparities and concluded that the developmental models consistently performed better. Here we report the results of simulations on additional neural network models, compare them to the three original models and perform additional analysis. We conclude that the benefits of development are not solely due to limiting the size of the input in early stages, and that in order for development to be helpful to the task of binocular disparity detection, the developmental progressions should be designed to take advantage of known simplifications. |
9,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Context Exploration Network for Polyp Segmentation in Colonoscopy Images, and key words: Image segmentation, Feature extraction, Colonoscopy, Shape, Decoding, Convolution, Annotations. Abstract: Recently, automatic and accurate polyp segmentation has become an emerging yet challenging issue. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit a promising future modality to address this issue, most CNN-based methods highly require extensive labeled data. Unfortunately, there is a lack of large-scale public colorectal polyp segmentation datasets in the clinical community and academia. In this study, we construct a new benchmark dataset, which includes 2163 colonoscopy images and their pixel-wise annotations. Moreover, for intelligent polyp segmentation, we propose a novel adaptive context exploration network (ACENet). Our ACENet follows an encoder-decoder architecture and consists of two key modules, i.e., an attentional atrous spatial pyramid pooling (AASPP) module and an adaptive context extraction (ACE) module. The AASPP fuses semantic features from the encoder, and generates the global guidance information for the following decoder. The ACE captures multi-scale features and aggregates them by a branch-wise attention mechanism. Benefiting from these two modules, our ACENet is capable of adaptively exploring the context features to locate and detect the polyp regions effectively. Extensive experiments on the collected dataset and four publicly available datasets show that the proposed ACENet achieves superior performance on five evaluation metrics over three mainstream categories of the state-of-the-art methods. |
9,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Board-Level Functional Fault Identification Using Streaming Data, and key words: Circuit faults, Manufacturing, Maintenance engineering, Prediction algorithms, Fault diagnosis, Training, Data models. Abstract: High integration densities and design complexity of printed-circuit boards make board-level functional fault identification extremely difficult. Machine learning provides an opportunity to identify functional faults with high accuracy and thereby reduce repair cost. However, the large volume of manufacturing data comes in a streaming format and exhibits time-dependent concept drift in a production environment. These drawbacks limit the effectiveness of traditional machine-learning algorithms. We propose a diagnosis workflow that utilizes online learning to train classifiers incrementally with a small chunk of data at each step. These online-learning algorithms adapt to concept drift quickly with carefully designed update rules. A hybrid algorithm is also proposed to handle the scenario that data for varying numbers of boards are collected at different times. This hybrid algorithm concurrently implements two basic models. For each data chunk, this algorithm chooses the better model with high probability. The experimental results using two boards in high-volume production show that, with the help of online learning and the proposed hybrid algorithm, the F1-score for diagnosis based on binary classifiers can be improved from 57.3% to 81.0%. The top-3 accuracy for diagnosis based on multiclass classifiers can be improved from 78.3% to 91.4%. |
9,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Analysis of Tracked Mobile Manipulator Used in Agriculture, and key words: Solid modeling, Agricultural robots, Torque, Gears, Plants (biology), Spraying, Turning. Abstract: In the recent last few years, robots have been used extensively for various agricultural purposes. However, there are still some areas in developing agricultural robots that need special attention from the researchers. An agricultural robot will have to negotiate rough terrains in the field while performing some specific tasks. This study deals with the analysis of a tracked vehicle with a pesticide spraying system and a serial manipulator mounted over it. This tracked mobile manipulator could be used to serve numerous purposes in the agricultural field, such as plant health monitoring, plant disease identification, pesticide spraying, fruit/vegetables harvesting, etc. It deals with CAD modelling of the complete robotic system and its dynamic modelling. As the robot is meant to be operated in off-road conditions, Terra-mechanics theory has been used to capture the relationship between the running gear and terrain. Single track-terrain interaction is first studied and modelled based on the Terra-mechanics theory. Skid steering of the tracked vehicle is also modelled in this paper. |
9,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic coupling phenomena of overhead power lines in low and high frequency, and key words: Electromagnetic coupling, Power overhead lines, Frequency, Voltage, Conductors, Integral equations, Electronic mail, Corona, Electromagnetic interference, Surface discharges. Abstract: This paper presents one aspect of the influence that may have a higher voltage power line on a lower voltage line at the crossing point: the enhancement of the electric field intensity on the conductor surface due to the induced electric charge. The evaluation of the conductor surface gradient can be made by solving numerically a Fredholm equation of second type for the unknown function that describes the distribution of the induced electric charge. There are presented the computational results in different cases regarding the crossing angles. The paper points out the effect of the increase of the conductor gradient upon the radio interference field of the over crossed power line. |
9,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Mockets: a comprehensive application-level communications library, and key words: Libraries, Ad hoc networks, Application software, Telecommunication network reliability, Bandwidth, Sockets, Protocols, Laboratories, Mobile communication, Message service. Abstract: Mockets is a comprehensive communications library designed to address challenges specific to mobile ad-hoc networks. Mockets have been implemented at the application-level to simplify deployment and portability. Both stream-oriented and message-oriented abstractions are supported, with the message-oriented service providing multiple classes of service (reliable, unreliable, sequenced, unsequenced), message tagging and replacement, and prioritization. Mockets also interfaces with a policy management infrastructure to support bandwidth limitation. Finally, mockets supports transparent migration of communication endpoints across hosts without the need to terminate and reestablish connections. Mockets provides similar semantics to TCP but performs better than TCP on ad-hoc networks. |
9,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantics-based highlight extraction of soccer program using DBN, and key words: Bayesian methods, Event detection, Multimedia communication, Broadcasting, Speech analysis, Hidden Markov models, Face detection, Data mining, Chaos, Electronic mail. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel semantics-based content analysis system for reliable media highlight extraction using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). It extracts the low-level evidences and then converts the input video to high-level semantic meaning. Specific domains contain rich spatial and temporal transitional structures that help the transformation process. We introduce a robust audio-visual low-level evidence extraction scheme, and develop the so-called temporal intervening network to improve the performance of our system. In experiments, we show that our system can detect soccer events such as goal event, corner kick event, penalty kick event, and card event effectively. |
9,861 | Please write an abstract with title: SOSum: A Dataset of Stack Overflow Post Summaries, and key words: Systematics, Navigation, Tutorials, Programming, Software, Data models, Labeling. Abstract: Stack Overflow (SO) is becoming an indispensable part of modern software development workflow. However, given the limited time, attention, and memory capacity of programmers, navigating SO posts and comparing different solutions is time-consuming and cumbersome. Recent research has proposed to summarize SO posts to concise text to help programmers quickly assess the relevance and quality of SO posts. Yet there is no large dataset of high-quality SO post summaries, hindering the development and evaluation of post summarization techniques. We present SOSum, a dataset of 2,278 popular SO answer posts with manually labeled summative sentences. Questions in SOSum cover 669 tags with a median view count of 253K and a median post score of 17. This dataset will foster research on sentence-level summarization of SO posts and has the potential to facilitate text summarization research on other types of textual software artifacts such as programming tutorials. |
9,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Projects for the Creation of Technically Complex Products, and key words: Graphics, Economics, Technological innovation, Terminology, Biological system modeling, Conferences, Decision making. Abstract: The article describes the elements of sociophysical approach used for modeling projects of creating complex technical objects and decision making with it. The proposed approach allows taking into account the individual economic, social, and technological characteristics of the enterprise and the technical characteristics of the objects being created. The sociophysical approach has an advantage in comparison with the approach focused on assessing the present value of the project and can be used for studing and creating control systems with long-life cycle. It is shown that the application of the sociophysical approach opens the way to solving the problems of finding reliable interpretable solutions at all stages of the life cycle of an innovative project. The terminology used in the sociophysical modeling of enterprises and projects is given. Within the framework of sociophysical modeling the structure of sociophysical models of enterprises and projects is disclosed. The definition of the technological level of the enterprise as a sociophysical category is given. Two models of projects implemented at the enterprise are presented. First model - is a model with technological level save. Second model is a model with technological level change. A graphic illustration is given. Some calculation results confirming the efficiency of using the accumulated potentials are presented. |
9,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Submicron transducer spacings in rotating head/tape interfaces, and key words: Transducers, Magnetic heads, Interference, Optical interferometry, Magnetic films, Digital recording, Video recording, Optical films, Thickness measurement, Light sources. Abstract: The head/tape interface in a rotating head configuration is investigated as a function of head contour design and physical parameters using stroboscopic white light interferometry. The parameters determining optimum flying behavior are discussed, and it is shown that stable air bearing spacings in the submicron region can be achieved. |
9,864 | Please write an abstract with title: A Critical Analysis of Decomposition Strategies in Physical Model-Based Decomposition Techniques, and key words: Analytical models, Adaptation models, Scattering, Geoscience and remote sensing, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: Progression towards the different scattering models has fulfilled some of the awaited requirements in the physical model-based scattering power decomposition techniques. Among these, the complete utilization of terrain information has recently been achieved by the development of helix and compounded scattering components. However, the achievement comes up with the expense of some adverse effect on the decomposition result. As occasionally, the power associated with any particular component gets overestimated. Apart from that, an enhancement in the percentage of negative scattering pixels has also been observed as the advancement propagates. Paper briefly concentrated on the analysis of decomposed scattering power and negative scattering pixels on the ALOS PALSAR 2 datasets over the San Francisco Bay Area, CA, USA, when being implemented under the different decomposition strategies. |
9,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of EEG Signals Recorded During Imagery of Hand Grasp Movement, and key words: Electroencephalography, Reactive power, Brain-computer interfaces, Support vector machines, Robots, Machine learning, Feature extraction. Abstract: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are the systems that enable to provide communication between users and an external device through only brain activities. One of significant purposes of BBA technology is to enable communication of the patients like who has motor disability or are paralyzed. This communication can be performed by electroencephalogram (EEG) that is a method providing to be followed brain activities through electrical system. In this study, the EEG data set recorded during brain imagination of right or left hand grasp attemtp movements of subjects having hand functional disability was used. It is aimed to have high classification accuracy (CA) for eight different subjects by creating feature vectors using statistical based features. k-nearest neigbors (kNN), support vector machines (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods were used for classification. We obtained the highest average CA as 81.17% for eight subjects using kNN algorithm. The results indicate that these proposed features can be used for the classification of motor imagery EEG signals. |
9,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical modeling and electromagnetic resonant modes in complex grating structures and optoelectronic device applications, and key words: Gratings, Optical diffraction, Photodetectors, Electromagnetic surface waves, Semiconductor-metal interfaces. Abstract: An extended surface impedance boundary condition algorithm is developed that allows for the optical properties of a wide variety of complex one-dimensional periodic grating structures to be modeled. Wood-Rayleigh anomalies, diffraction, and electromagnetic resonance modes including horizontally oriented surface plasmons and vertical surface resonances are identified and described as well as analyzing their structural and geometrical dependencies. Methods to combine these modes to produce hybrid modes that channel and localize light are described. Application of these modes to metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PD) is discussed and an example silicon-based MSM-PD with over 30 GHz bandwidth and 0.3 A/W responsivity is described. |
9,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative between ANN algorithms in optimizing MPPT control autonomous photovoltaic, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Standards, Mathematical model, Generators, Biological neural networks, FCC, Neurons. Abstract: This article compares several MPPT technologies to extract maximum power from photovoltaic generators. Three MPPT control algorithms have been developed, in particular the MPPT algorithm based on the ANN neural network, the FVCO method of Vco fraction and the FCC method of Icc fraction. The simulation was performed in the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment, and the simulation results are promising, so that the most suitable technology can be selected under the expected sunlight conditions. |
9,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Reverse-Taper Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Lasers for Coherent Power Scaling, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Semiconductor lasers, Filtering, Power lasers, Measurement by laser beam, Apertures, Laser modes. Abstract: Novel-geometry, 4.6 μm-emitting BH QCLs were fabricated, where a tapered region scales the output power and, ahead of the emitting aperture, a narrow section provides mode filtering for suppressing high-order spatial modes. Beam-stability measurements indicate a small degree of collimated-beam centroid motion (< 0.25 mrad). |
9,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Erasure Coding-Oriented Data Update for Cloud Storage: A Survey, and key words: Encoding, Cloud computing, Cascading style sheets, Optimized production technology, Processor scheduling, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: Erasure coding is the leading technique to achieve resilient redundancy in cloud storage systems. However, it introduces two prominent issues: data repair and data update. Compare to data repair, data update is much more common. A variety of update schemes based on erasure coding have been proposed in the literature to optimize data update, such as computation optimization, network traffic overhead reduction, IO overhead reduction, and modern hardware acceleration. However, all of these techniques were proposed individually previously. In this work, we seek to summarize them systematically and group them in a new form. First, we generalize the state-of-the-art researches and introduce existing classifications. Moreover, based on our observation, we propose two classifications: resource-based classification and tier-based classification. In resource-based classification, we group these techniques according to the resource they optimize and introduce them in detail. In tier-based classification, we propose a novel hybrid technique framework with five tiers and conduct a comprehensive comparison between these techniques. We make a conjecture that most techniques in different tiers can be used jointly. Finally, we conclude the research challenges and potential future works. |
9,870 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Method Based on Footprint-Guided CFEM Modeling, and key words: Solid modeling, Computational modeling, Sensitivity, Mathematical model, Data models, Finite element analysis, Electromagnetics. Abstract: We investigate an algorithm for the 3-D inversion of frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data based on the forward modeling and sensitivity calculation by footprint-guided compact finite element method (CFEM). Unlike the conventional approach, the modeling volume in our algorithm for each transmitter–receiver pair is a regular hexahedral that encloses the footprint, rather than a large mesh for the entire survey area or the local mesh with a number of grids extending from the footprint. After the electric fields in the modeling volume are solved by vector finite element method (FEM) with an integral equation boundary condition, the response and sensitivity are explicitly calculated by employing the product of the prepared Green’s functions and the vector of electric fields. The accuracy of this footprint-guided CFEM is validated by comparing it against conventional CFEM, and different synthetic models are tested by our inversion algorithm. The inversion tests of synthetic models show the feasibility of the combination of footprint-guided CFEM and Gauss–Newton optimization in recovering models within an acceptable error level, and the inversion results show a good agreement with the true models on both the model geometry and recovered conductivity. |
9,871 | Please write an abstract with title: A hydrocast bottom-finding switch with audible alarm, and key words: Switches, Connectors, Contacts, Oil filled cables, Costs, Winches, Displays, Voltage, Gears. Abstract: A cheap and mechanically simple bottom-finding device uses a single trip weight and a mercury switch to change the dc resistance of an electromechanical cable when the trip weight hits the sea bottom. The change is detected in a deck unit which sounds a loud alarm on an exterior speaker near the winch operator. The deck unit also displays the cable dc voltage and current. |
9,872 | Please write an abstract with title: A System for Optimizing Software Regression Test Cases using Modified Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Software testing, Ant colony optimization, Codes, Computer bugs, Software algorithms, Switches, Trademarks. Abstract: Software Regression Testing (SRT) is directed to existing applications to ensure that an adjustment of code doesn't impact the current functionalities. Test Case Prioritization (TCP) helps with rescheduling test cases and selects according to the course of action. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a streamlining calculation spurred by looking through the conduct of bugs. This paper proposes a system for optimizing SRT test cases using the Modified-Ant Colony(m-ACO) Optimization algorithm. m-ACO is the modification of the ACO strategy. It rearranges the conduct grouping of test cases by switching the marvel of trademark bugs for picking the nourishment. The proposed system has been tried for Zasta Billing Web Application (ZBWA) and contrasted with the days to finish the SRT manually and utilize the suggested approach. The recommended system assists with diminishing the days conducted SRT from 90 days to 45 days to accomplish the period for SRT in that firm. |
9,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Real Time Social Distance Monitoring with Alarm System, and key words: COVID-19, Computational modeling, Human factors, Organizations, Cameras, Social factors, Hardware. Abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends social distancing as one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. Ensuring strict adherence to the norms is challenging especially in public places and work environments. Hence, we propose a system using the existing CCTV cameras or an IP camera and develop a Computer Vision and YOLOv3-based Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for automatic people detection. The model works in both in both indoor and outdoor environments. The model is trained using Microsoft Common Objects (COCO dataset). The model developed can alternatively be deployed for other applications including detection of autonomous cars, anomaly detection, crowd analysis etc. |
9,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Introduction of Boosting Algorithms in Continuous Non-Invasive Cuff-less Blood Pressure Estimation using Pulse Arrival Time, and key words: Protocols, Machine learning algorithms, Error analysis, Noise reduction, Estimation, Prediction algorithms, Blood pressure. Abstract: Blood Pressure (BP) is a critical biomarker for cardiorespiratory health. Conventional non-invasive BP measurement devices are mostly built on the principle of auscultation, oscillometry, or tonometry. The strong correlation between the Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) and BP has enabled unconstrained cuff-less BP monitoring. In this paper, we exploited that relationship for estimating Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Mean Arterial pressure (MAP) values. The proposed model involves extraction of PAT values by denoising the signals using advanced filtering techniques and finally employing machine learning algorithms to estimate cuff-less BP. The results are validated against Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards and British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocols. The proposed method meets the AAMI standards in the context of estimating DBP and MAP values. The model’s accuracy achieved Grade A for both MAP and DBP values using the CatBoost algorithm, whereas it achieved grade A for MAP and Grade B for DBP using the XGBoost algorithm based on the BHS standards. |
9,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Dagbase: A Decentralized Database Platform Using DAG-Based Consensus, and key words: Distributed databases, Image databases, Computer architecture. Abstract: As the infrastructure to provide support for distributed database management systems, the distributed database platform is very important to unify the management of data distributed in intricate environments. However, a traditional distributed database platform with centralized entities faces diverse and serious threats when the central entity is compromised. Consensus mechanisms in distributed ledger technology (DLT) can enhance the capability of defending threats by decentralizing the platform, but the efficiency and cost of consensus mechanisms in classic blockchain techniques are notable issues. In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized database platform, named Dagbase, with the support of an efficient and cost-effective consensus mechanism that uses the directed acyclic graph (DAG) as the structure. Dagbase decentralizes the management and distributes data to prevent threats in untrustworthy environments, which gains benefits from recent DLT. The performance of near-native data reading and high-efficiency data writing is ensured by a layered architecture and DAG-based consensus. Furthermore, we ensure flexibility by decoupling the consensus mechanism from the architecture. Dagbase is also easy-to-use and can be integrated with mainstream database products seamlessly on account of great interoperability. The implementation demonstrates our work and the security and performance analysis are enforced for evaluation. |
9,876 | Please write an abstract with title: An Outcome Based Approach for Applied Mechanics Courses using Bloom’s Taxonomy and ABET Criteria, and key words: Correlation, Conferences, Taxonomy, Solids, Engineering education. Abstract: There has been a gradual shift from a content-centered to an outcome-based approach for more effective teaching and learning, especially in engineering courses. Employers have been increasingly demanding engineering graduates possessing an optimal blend of technical (discipline-oriented) and non-technical or soft skills. This paper presents a unique pedagogical approach of blending Bloom's taxonomy and ABET criteria to develop student outcomes and to conduct a course in an activity-based environment. A mapping has been developed to correlate Bloom's taxonomy levels and ABET student outcomes. A mid-level course in the area of Applied Mechanics (Mechanics of Solids) is presented as a case study. Instructional strategy and implementation in the course is discussed through various activities, involving some key principles of solid mechanics. Integration of ABET criteria and Bloom's taxonomy, correlation matrix for the two philosophies, and improved course delivery. Effectiveness of the proposed innovative approach was evaluated through a students' survey. The methodology was well received, and the survey results were very encouraging. This integrated strategy can be easily adopted for other courses in the Applied Mechanics and Design stream, and for other engineering and science courses. |
9,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling of photonic crystals, and key words: Photonic crystals, Pulse width modulation, Optical propagation, Optical materials, Photonic band gap, Maxwell equations, Crystalline materials, Refractive index, Optical modulation, Optical polarization. Abstract: Photonic crystals, that have an influence on wave propagation, are in a point of interest for several years. Despite of the fact that they have some similarities to semiconductors, modelling methods cannot be directly transferred since magnetic and electric fields are treated like vectors not scalars as it is in case of wave function in Schroedinger's equation. There were created methods that can be divided into two groups. The first one is connected to calculation of dispersion properties of the photonic crystal, while the second one gives possibility to analyse wave propagation through photonic crystal. This paper shows the most commonly used methods of modelling photonic crystals: among other PWM, FDTD |
9,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart-Power: A Smart Cyber-Physical System to Detect IoT Security Threat through Behavioral Power Profiling, and key words: Security, Monitoring, Power demand, Wireless sensor networks, Wireless communication, Communication system security, Logistics. Abstract: Recently, the security of heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) devices has become a major concern of every Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Efficient power measurement in smart IoT devices has become one of the key research topics. Power optimization of current IoT technology allows the development of many IoT-based applications. In this paper, we design and develop a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to detect IoT security threats via behavioral power profiling of a heterogeneous wireless sensor device using a smartphone. Experimentation and verification have been conducted on a sample of smart IoT devices with different test scenarios including the device in an Idle state, Active state, Idle, and Active with distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, Idle, and Active with a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack. We propose to use the device power consumption rate with and without attack to predict and detect a security threat using logistic regression techniques. The proposed system can detect a potential security threat with an average accuracy of 74% and a device high of 85%. |
9,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Scale Attention Network for Image Cropping, and key words: Image edge detection, Feature extraction, Training, Task analysis, Predictive models, Pipelines, Spatial resolution. Abstract: Automatic image cropping is a completely practical but challenging task which aims to improve the aesthetic quality of an image by removing irrelevant areas. Most previous image cropping methods ignored compositional relationships among different regions of a given image. Global compositional relationships are extremely important for cropping models to decide whether to reserve a certain object of an input image. In this work, we propose a multi-scale attention network (MSANet) to address this issue. We employ three plug-and-play attention modules to catch the context on three different scales. The multi-scale attention (MSA) module ensures that our model perceives objects of different sizes and preserve needed areas. Moreover, we design a border-reserved grid anchor based formulation to better handle the situations where the subjects are at the edge of input images. The cosine similarity loss function is also utilized to acquire stable results. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experimental results show that our model is well aware of the compositional relationships of images. Compared to existing works, our multi-scale attention network achieves state-of-the-art performance with less time and lighter weights. |
9,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Framework for secure audio streaming to wireless access network, and key words: Streaming media, Wireless networks, IP networks, Multimedia systems, Telecommunication traffic, Access protocols, Quality of service, Web and internet services, Traffic control, Wireless application protocol. Abstract: Advances in the Internet and multimedia technologies have spurred many research efforts in Internet-based multimedia access systems, which integrate wireline and wireless networks. Internet-based multimedia streaming services are in need of a service creation model. In this paper, we presented such a model and framework for delivering real-time traffics to a wireless access network over public Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. We have presented an experimental study of audio streaming when IP tunneling network using generic route encapsulation (GRE) along with Internet protocol security (IPSec) is implemented. The impact on performance, with particular attention to quality of service (QoS) has been evaluated through a series of experiments. A compression scheme based on compressed real-time transport protocol (CRTP) used for delivering real-time traffic securely in wireless access network and preliminary performance results have been presented. |
9,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Communication and Intelligent Control in a Power Grid Using Open Source IoT Technology, and key words: Servers, Temperature measurement, Load modeling, Resistance heating, Data models, Current measurement, Optimization. Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things is one of the opportunities for online state monitoring, effective control and economical profitability of selected systems. The majority of electricity generated in the Czech Republic comes from conventional fossil power plants - 54% in 2018. Same fact applies to heating where approximately 82% of heat in 2018 was generated from fossil fuels. Despite the fact that energy is being saved and the efficiency on the final customer side is improving, our demand of energy is rising. Over the last few years the online measurement of operation parameters plays a big role in performance optimization and energy management. Following article describes an Open source / Matlab IIoT platform used for monitoring and possible optimization of a district heating network in a typical Czech residential district and electrical island operation of a electrical power system. |
9,882 | Please write an abstract with title: High data-rates and high-order DP-QAM optical links can be efficiently implemented with concurrent equalization, and key words: Blind equalizers, Data centers, Chromatic dispersion, Adaptive filters, Optical fiber communication, Polarization mode dispersion, Optical fiber filters. Abstract: Optical communication systems operating with high data-rates and dual-polarization are invariably disrupted by chromatic and polarization mode dispersions. Fixed filters usually mitigate chromatic dispersion, but polarization mode dispersion (PMD), due to its stochastic behavior, is typically reduced with adaptive filters, such as channel equalizers. In this context, this work proposes the use of concurrent blind equalization architectures with a butterfly structure to meet the challenge of designing next-generation optical links. |
9,883 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural networks based an inverse dynamic model adaptive control, and key words: Neural networks, Inverse problems, Adaptive control, Control systems, Real time systems, Neurofeedback, Error correction, Learning systems, Uncertainty, Robust control. Abstract: Effective control of a complex system can often be obtained using a neural network controller. However, there are some difficulties in practical use of real-time system applications of neural network controllers because of their need for a learning strategy. A neural network inverse dynamic model adaptive control scheme is proposed in this paper, based on a feedback error learning method. In particular, online adjustment of the error-learning coefficient is provided in order to improve the performance when there are uncertainties over the values of some of the system parameters, and the saturation compensation approach is proposed to overcome the drawback of the vanishing training during the activation function saturation phases. Simulation experimental results are given to verify the robustness and real time behaviour of the proposed control scheme outperform the other traditional scheme. |
9,884 | Please write an abstract with title: A trellis-coded DS-CDMA system in correlated Rayleigh fading channels, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Fading, Phase shift keying, Interference, Modulation coding, Convolutional codes, Pairwise error probability, Convolution, Code standards, Binary phase shift keying. Abstract: We present the trellis-coded code-division multiple-access (TC-CDMA) system based on a multisequence signaling, called orthogonal plane sequence modulation (OPSM), in correlated Rayleigh fading channels and derive its pairwise error probability with different degrees of channel state information. Numerical results show that the OPSM-based TC-CDMA system outperforms conventional convolutionally coded CDMA or TC-CDMA systems. |
9,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Unmixing Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, and key words: Hyperspectral imaging, Sparse matrices, Matrix decomposition, Force, Blind source separation, Standards, Spatial databases. Abstract: Remotely sensed hyperspectral images contain several bands (at about adjoining frequencies) for a similar zone on the surface of the Earth. Hyperspectral unmixing is a significant method for breaking down hyperspectral images into the components (endmembers) that conform each (potentially mixed) pixel and their abundance maps. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has attracted huge consideration because of the way that it can address mixed pixel scenarios. Most existing NMF unmixing techniques do not include spatial information in the analysis. An ongoing trend is to fuse the spatial and the spectral information contained in hyperspectral scenes to improve the solution. In this article, we build up another hyperspectral unmixing technique named spectral–spatial weighted sparse NMF (SSWNMF), in which two weighting factors are acquainted into the NMF model to upgrade the sparsity of the solution and capture the piecewise smooth structure of the data. We adopt a multiplicative iterative strategy to implement the proposed SSWNMF model. Our experimental results, conducted with both synthetic and real hyperspectral data, uncover that the proposed SSWNMF strategy can get accurate unmixing results over those gave by other unmixing strategies, with less parameter tuning. |
9,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterodyne detection on position sensing device, and key words: Optical noise, Laser beams, Signal to noise ratio, Position sensitive particle detectors, Optical mixing, Optical sensors, Optical detectors, Silicon, Laser noise, Spectroscopy. Abstract: Different heterodyning setups for optical detection are demonstrated in a silicon photonic device originally developed for 2D position sensitive detection. Good signal to noise ratio observed is attributed to noise subtraction within the single detector. (CNPq). |
9,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of partial iris recognition using a 1D approach, and key words: Iris recognition, Image databases, Wavelet analysis, Independent component analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Humans, Gabor filters, Filtering, Wavelet transforms, Image texture analysis. Abstract: Iris recognition has been shown to be very accurate for human identification. We investigate the performance of the use of a partial iris for recognition. A partial iris identification system based on a one-dimensional approach to iris identification is developed. Experiment results show that a more distinguishable and individually unique signal is found in the inner rings of the iris. The results also show that it is possible to use only a portion of the iris for human identification. |
9,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Smartphone-based CNN-GRU Framework for Human Activity Recognition, and key words: Deep learning, Performance evaluation, Recurrent neural networks, Conferences, Intrusion detection, Smart homes, Activity recognition. Abstract: Human activity recognition has been a widely explored topic for the past several years due to its application in mankind such as smart homes, health assistance, intrusion detection, behavioral recognition, and so on. Deep learning has been widely exploited for recognition of human activities especially CNN and its hybridization with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In this article, a hybrid deep learning model with the combination of Convolutional Neural Network and Gated Recurrent Unit has been proposed for human activity recognition. UCI-HAR smartphone dataset is taken for performance evaluation of this proposed model and it is found that the framework performed very well with the mean accuracy of 92.53%. |
9,889 | Please write an abstract with title: FALCON: a fusion architecture for learning, cognition, and navigation, and key words: Cognition, Navigation, State feedback, Subspace constraints, Neural networks, Autonomous agents, Negative feedback, Computer architecture, Neurofeedback, Scalability. Abstract: This work presents a natural extension of self-organizing neural network architecture for learning cognitive codes across multi-modal patterns involving sensory input, actions, and rewards. The proposed cognitive model, called FALCON, enables an autonomous agent to adapt and function in a dynamic environment. Simulations based on a minefield navigation task indicate that the system is able to adapt amazingly well and learns rapidly through it's interaction with the environment in an online and incremental manner. The scalability and robustness of the system is further enhanced by an online code evaluation and pruning procedure, that maintains the number of cognitive codes at a manageable size without degradation of system performance. |
9,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Diffracting Metallic Metasurfaces with High Directional Sensitivity, and key words: Sensitivity, Diffraction, Photonic crystals, Metasurfaces, Optical imaging, Optical fiber communication, Optical sensors. Abstract: Compact optical elements capable of admitting/rejecting light from a specific direction(s) are key components of integrated systems for all-optical imaging processing, wavefront manipulation, optical communication in turbid media and optical metrology (and LIDARs in particular). The existing solutions based on spatially dispersive structures, such as photonic crystal slabs, resonant gratings, and perforated films exhibiting extraordinary transmission, all suffer from diffraction into multipole orders, while angular dependence of their response is complicated by consistent large wavelength shifts of the relevant spectral features [1] , [2] . Similar behaviour (although in the absence of multipole diffraction orders) is characteristic of recently demonstrated non-diffracting wavevector selective metasurfaces [3] , [4] . Here we identify and investigate a new, special class of such metasurfaces, in which the optical transmission spectra exhibit a strong amplitude correlation with the angle of incidence with the relevant changes confined to a very narrow wavelength range. |
9,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Few Shot Learning for Novel Fault Diagnosis with a Improved Prototypical Network, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Deep learning, Training, Data analysis, Frequency-domain analysis, Euclidean distance, Predictive models. Abstract: In practical fault diagnosis scene, there are common fault patterns with a large number of samples but less examples of some novel faults. A deep learning model trained on insufficient samples will unavoidably results to the poor performance of fault diagnosis. Thus, an improved prototypical network, namely frequency-domain variance-predictable prototypical network(FVPN), is presented to diagnose novel faults that only contains few samples(i.e., few-shot fault diagnosis). The proposed FVPN is trained on the base set with abundant common fault data using episodic training strategy. Subsequently, classification of novel few-shot fault pattern is performed using the trained FVPN with transferable knowledge. Two datasets related to fault diagnosis are used for experimental verification, and the results illustrate that our proposed FVPN is superior to other algorithms. |
9,892 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1 V 88 dB 20 kHz /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator in 90 nm CMOS, and key words: Delta modulation, Energy consumption, Switches, Delta-sigma modulation, CMOS technology, Capacitance, Mirrors, Circuit topology, Rail to rail outputs, Digital circuits. Abstract: A third-order single-loop SC /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator is realized in a standard 90 nm digital CMOS technology. The modulator achieves 88 dB dynamic range for a 20 kHz signal bandwidth with an OSR of 100. Power consumption is 140 /spl mu/W from a 1 V supply, and the chip core size is 0.18 mm/sup 2/. |
9,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Domain Adaptation Mixture of Gaussian Processes for Online Soft Sensor Modeling of Multimode Processes When Sensor Degradation Occurs, and key words: Degradation, Gaussian processes, Adaptation models, Robustness, Informatics, Data models, Transfer learning. Abstract: Sensor degradation seriously hinders the practical application of soft sensors. To reduce the negative effect of sensor degradation, in this article, we propose a robust domain adaptation mixture of Gaussian processes (DA-MGP) for online soft sensor modeling of multimode processes. Based on the decomposition of industrial data into a group of Gaussian domains, Gaussian domain discrepancy (GDD) is designed for domain adaptation and process mode recognition. After recognizing the process mode based on GDD, a Gaussian domain adaptation is presented to correct the drifted online input data by domain mapping, which can significantly improve the robustness of the soft sensor against sensor degradation. Furthermore, the domain mapping matrix is utilized as a transferred basis function for a local transferred Gaussian process component, which is used for robust soft sensor modeling. Additionally, an online block processing framework is adopted when the DA-MGP-based soft sensor is applied in online quality prediction. Finally, the TE benchmark process and a real industrial polypropylene process are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the designed five cases of sensor degradation, the DA-MGP-based soft sensor shows its strong robustness against sensor degradation. |
9,894 | Please write an abstract with title: FoLaR: Foggy Latent Representations for Reinforcement Learning with Partial Observability, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Reinforcement learning, Predictive models, Markov processes, Prediction algorithms, Entropy. Abstract: We propose a novel methodology for improving the rate and consistency of reinforcement learning in partially observable (foggy) environments, under the broader umbrella of robust latent representations. The present work addresses partially observable environments, which violate the canonical Markov assumptions. We propose adaptations for any on-policy model-free deep reinforcement learning algorithm, in order to improve training in partially observable situations: (i) recurrent layers for including information from previous observations, (ii) predicting the step reward and the next latent representation as auxiliary outputs from the same latent space as used for inferring the action, and (iii) modification of the loss function to penalise errors in the two auxiliary outputs, in addition to the reward-based gradients used for policy training. We show that the proposed changes substantially improve learning in several environments over vanilla Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO) and other baselines in literature, especially in known challenging environments with hard exploration. |
9,895 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Output-Feedback Controller for Non-Square MIMO Nonautonomous Nonlinear Systems With Unstructured Uncertainties Using Higher-Order Switching Differentiator, and key words: MIMO nonlinear systems, uncertain systems, output-feedback controller, approximation-free, differentiator-based control. Abstract: A novel output-feedback controller is proposed for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonautonomous nonlinear systems with unstructured uncertainties. The control system under consideration is a non-square MIMO system that may have varying numbers of control inputs and outputs. Apart from the known relative degrees of each output, the system to be controlled is completely unknown and nonautonomous. It is also assumed that the dominant control inputs for a specific system output are unknown. The proposed controller utilizes a higher-order switching differentiator (HOSD) to observe the time derivatives of composite signals that include output tracking errors. This leads to a low-complexity, approximation-free, output-feedback controller capable of compensating for unstructured uncertainties. The controller’s strategy, free from universal approximators, significantly simplifies the control formula and minimizes the number of design constants. The theory shows that all output tracking errors asymptotically converge to zero. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through numerical simulations of three example MIMO systems. |
9,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Discovering imitation strategies through categorization of multi-dimensional data, and key words: Humanoid robots, Data analysis, Joints, Biological system modeling, Orbital robotics, Robot programming, Taxonomy, Delay effects, Neural networks, Feature extraction. Abstract: An essential problem of imitation is that of determining "what to imitate", i.e. to determine which of the many features of the demonstration are relevant to the task and which should be reproduced. The strategy followed by the imitator can be modeled as a hierarchical optimization system, which minimizes the discrepancy between two multi-dimensional datasets. We consider imitation of a manipulation task. To classify across manipulation strategies, we apply a probabilistic analysis to data in Cartesian and joint spaces. We determine a general metric that optimizes the policy of task reproduction, following strategy determination. The model successfully discovers strategies in six different manipulation tasks and controls task reproduction by a full body humanoid robot. |
9,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy controller implementations with fewer than ten transistors?, and key words: Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Analog circuits, Circuit synthesis, Biological cells, Evolutionary computation, Algorithm design and analysis, Control systems, Hardware, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Evolutionary algorithms (EA) offer good promise for automated design of analog circuits as well as for adaptation and automatic reconfiguration of programmable devices. In particular, EAs facilitate the design of analog circuits for very specific requirements, such as those related to the implementation of fuzzy operators, or even of complete fuzzy systems. The paper starts with a brief overview of the evolutionary process applied to circuit design and of a family of analog programmable devices that support on-chip evolution. As a case study, we describe the evolutionary design of a fuzzy controller, using re-configurable analog chips models and unstructured representation. We were able to achieve a circuit that approximates the control surface of a 2-input fuzzy controller, mapping thus a full fuzzy system in only seven transistors. The paper presents evidence that EA can provide very compact solutions for implementation of fuzzy systems, and that programmable analog devices are an efficient and rapid solution for rapid deployment of fuzzy systems. |
9,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Stimulated Forward Brillouin Scattering from a Fundamental Acoustic Mode in a Fiber Taper, and key words: Couplings, Laser theory, Lasers and electrooptics, Laser modes, Acoustics, Brillouin scattering, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Strong stimulated optomechanical coupling to the fundamental flexural acoustic mode of a tapered fiber is demonstrated, broadening access to frequencies, and increasing interaction-times for applications. A theoretical model featuring unique propagation dependent behavior is introduced. |
9,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Interaction of redistribution traces with on-wafer interconnects in memory chip packaging, and key words: Packaging, Semiconductor device modeling, Bonding, Data mining, Frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Manufacturing, Solid modeling, Magnetic properties, Product design. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the interaction between redistribution traces and on-chip interconnects in memory chip packages. The electromagnetic interaction is shown both in the frequency and in the time domain. In addition the impact of this interaction on the performance of memory component(s) is explored. |
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