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10,300 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing content-intensive applications with XML documents, document transformations and software components, and key words: Application software, XML, Markup languages, SGML, Vocabulary, Software reusability, User interfaces, Software maintenance, Electronic learning, Data models. Abstract: This paper describes DTC (documents, transformations and components), our approach to the XML-based development of content-intensive applications. According to this approach, the contents of an application and other customizable features (e.g. the properties of its user interface) are represented in terms of XML documents. In DTC, the software of the application is organized in terms of reusable components capable of processing specific markup languages. In addition, we use document transformations to fit components and documents together, because they can be reused from pre-existing repositories. In this paper, we describe the DTC approach, illustrating its application in a case study. Because DTC encourages the explicit separation between the description of the application's variability (contents and other customizable features) and the application's operational support, the approach improves maintainability and reuse at both the information and software levels. |
10,301 | Please write an abstract with title: DualSR: Zero-Shot Dual Learning for Real-World Super-Resolution, and key words: Degradation, Training, Deep learning, Interpolation, Visualization, Superresolution, Training data. Abstract: Advanced methods for single image super-resolution (SISR) based upon Deep learning have demonstrated a remarkable reconstruction performance on downscaled images. However, for real-world low-resolution images (e.g. images captured straight from the camera) they often generate blurry images and highlight unpleasant artifacts. The main reason is the training data that does not reflect the real-world super-resolution problem. They train the net-work using images downsampled with an ideal (usually bicubic) kernel. However, for real-world images the degradation process is more complex and can vary from image to image. This paper proposes a new dual-path architecture (DualSR) that learns an image-specific low-to-high resolution mapping using only patches of the input test image. For every image, a downsampler learns the degradation process using a generative adversarial network, and an up-sampler learns to super-resolve that specific image. In the DualSR architecture, the upsampler and downsampler are trained simultaneously and they improve each other using cycle consistency losses. For better visual quality and eliminating undesired artifacts, the upsampler is constrained by a masked interpolation loss. On standard benchmarks with unknown degradation kernels, DualSR outperforms recent blind and non-blind super-resolution methods in term of SSIM and generates images with higher perceptual quality. On real-world LR images it generates visually pleasing and artifact-free results. |
10,302 | Please write an abstract with title: Model Predictive Direct Power Control for Virtual-Flux-Based VSR With Optimal Switching Sequence, and key words: Switches, Voltage control, Power control, Mathematical models, Predictive models, Predictive control, Control systems. Abstract: Three-phase voltage-source rectifier (VSR) has been widely used in energy, industry and other fields in the past few years. Model predictive control with optimal switching sequence (OSS-MPC) has further reduced output current THD and ripples with a constant switching frequency, compared with the conventional model predictive control (MPC). However, in practical application, the AC side voltage is often in a distorted state, which causes a distorted AC side current and a dramatic increase of THD. To overcome the drawback mentioned before, based on the analysis of OSS-MPC and combined with virtual flux oriented direct power control strategy, a virtual-flux-based model predictive direct power control strategy with optimal switching sequence (VF-OSS-MPDPC) is proposed in this paper. This control strategy for VSR combines the advantages of virtual-flux, low-pass filtering characteristics and optimal switching sequence model predictive control, which has high prediction accuracy and the AC current THD are greatly reduced under distorted AC voltage. The proposed control strategy can realize a constant switching frequency in steady-state operation without a modulator, which reduces the complexity of control strategy and the difficulty of AC side filter design. The proposed VF-OSS-MPDPC is validated through simulation and experiment compared with OSS-MPC, which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. |
10,303 | Please write an abstract with title: A new COVID-19 medical image steganography based on dual encrypted data insertion into minimum mean intensity window of LSB of X-ray scans, and key words: COVID-19, Ciphers, Frequency-domain analysis, DNA, Encryption, X-ray imaging, Software development management. Abstract: Image steganography is a new domain where message is inserted into image in such a way that either it will be visible or invisible. It is done in spatial as well as the frequency domain of image. In this paper, we have proposed a novel procedure in the spatial domain where we have taken X-Ray scans of the COVID-19 patients and their respective patient data. We have implemented dual encryption on the patient data by using encrypted DNA technique in combination with the generation of the Baconian ciphers for the data. Then we have inserted this data into the LSB of the image using a logical operation. The insertion is done in the window of LSB of the image which has minimum mean intensity. Then, the final image is reconstructed from the bit planes. We have tested our method on an open source database covid-chestxray-dataset- master available on github. |
10,304 | Please write an abstract with title: Capturing Malware Behaviour with Ontology-based Knowledge Graphs, and key words: Codes, Buildings, Ontologies, Malware, Knowledge management, Internet, Cyberattack. Abstract: Exponential rise of Internet increases the risk of cyber attack related incidents which are generally caused by wide spread frequency of new malware generation. Different types of malware families have complex, dynamic behaviours and characteristics which can cause a novel and targeted attack in a cyber-system. Existence of large volume of malware types with frequent new additions hinders cyber resilience effort. To address the gap, we propose a new ontology driven framework that captures recent malware behaviours. According to code structure malware can be divided into three categories: basic, polymorphic and metamorphic. Packing or code obfuscation is also a technique adopted by the malware developers to make the code unreadable and avoid detection. Given that ontology techniques are useful to express the domain knowledge meaningfully, this paper aims to develop an ontology for dynamic analysis of malware behaviour and to capture metamorphic and polymorphic malware behaviour. This will be helpful to understand malicious behaviour exhibited by new generation malware samples and changes in their code structure. The proposed framework includes 14 malware families with their sub-families and 3 types of malware code-structure with their individuals. With a focus on malware behaviour the proposed ontology depicts the relations among malware families and malware code-structures with their respective behaviour. |
10,305 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Labs: an Effective Engineering Education Tool for Remote Learning and not only, and key words: Training, Power engineering, Distance learning, User interfaces, Hardware, Real-time systems, Power systems. Abstract: operating real hardware is a fundamental engineering skill. For this reason, hands-on classes involving real equipment is an essential tool in engineering education. At the same time in many cases there are certain limitations related to in-person training of students: hardware availability, hardly modifiable functionality for each student and educational goal, the increased demand on remote learning and safety aspects. Modern information technologies enable various means for partially solving the mentioned issues by providing remote access, VR-technologies, digital twins, etc. The paper provides a brief overview of aspects related to introducing virtual labs into educational process, with the main focus on the requirement for the virtual hardware, such as an electric power drive system, should replicate processes with time resolution in order of several milliseconds. And the interaction of the equipment with the student should be done in a way there is a feeling of a real object, necessitating low response time in order of hundreds of milliseconds. This requires high priority of computational power allocation for mathematical model calculation as well as high communication channel bandwidth between the computation power source and the user interface. The paper presents an example of such a server deployed virtual laboratory. The functionality was inspired by that of real equipment installed at Energy saving electric power drive laboratory at the Department of Electric Drives of Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Apart from substantively replicating the functionality and feel of high-dynamic hardware real-time operation, it enables to provide each student with an individual virtual equipment set to be explored, tuned or diagnosed. Virtual labs of the kind proved to be an effective engineering education tool for remote learning, giving new opportunities in improving the in-person training process as well. |
10,306 | Please write an abstract with title: On the local interpretation of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models from a dynamical systems view, and key words: Takagi-Sugeno model, Fuzzy systems, Least squares approximation, Fuzzy control, Control system synthesis, Nonlinear systems, State-space methods, Equations, Function approximation, Nonlinear control systems. Abstract: Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models have been the popular choice for multi-model based nonlinear system identification for controller design. However, the interpretation of the model from a dynamical systems point of view is still unclear. We investigate the interpretation of the TS fuzzy models in terms of local dynamics of nonlinear systems in state space. The investigation is based on the comparison between the constant-affine recursive i/o equation and constant-affine state space representations. We show that the true local dynamics is not identifiable by TS fuzzy models by analysis and example. For the identification of constant-affine state space models, a subspace identification algorithm is proposed to identify the true local dynamics with zero initial conditions. |
10,307 | Please write an abstract with title: AC resistance formula for bubble memory drive coils, and key words: Coils, Wounds, Magnetic multilayers, Wire, Magnetic domains, Magnetic devices, Electrical resistance measurement, Frequency, Iron, Magnetic properties. Abstract: A formula for the ac resistance of tightly wound, uniform field, multilayer coils is deduced. This type of coil is used to provide the drive field for bubble memories. The loading effects of the orthogonal coil and the enhancing effect of the bias magnet homogenizer found in these devices are not considered here. The formula is developed by first deriving an expression for the ac resistance of coils wound with square wire and then empirically adapting it to round wire. Agreement between the formula and ac resistances measured on one, two, and three layer coils is generally better than 10 percent. The formula is also found to agree with published data on single layer solenoids. |
10,308 | Please write an abstract with title: Saturation effects in active noise control systems, and key words: Active noise reduction, Control systems, Sensor systems and applications, Noise level, Steady-state, Narrowband, Pulse modulation, Engines, Error correction, Dynamic range. Abstract: The reference and error sensors of active noise control (ANC) systems will be saturated in real-world applications if the noise level exceeds the dynamic range of the sensors. However, there is a lack of analysis of saturation effects on the performance of ANC systems. This paper proposes an indirect method for analyzing the saturation effects in steady state using Fourier analysis. This indirect method uses clipping to approximate saturation and decomposes the saturated narrowband signal as the summation of a set of rectangular waves and a pulse-amplitude modulated signal. The theoretical analysis shows that the clipping of a sinusoidal signal produces extra odd harmonics, thus affecting the convergence speed and steady-state solution of adaptive filter in ANC systems. This analysis can be extended to narrowband noises that consist of multiple sinusoidal components such as engine noise in many ANC applications. A low-pass filter is effective in reducing saturation effects for harmonic-related noises. Analysis results are verified by computer simulations using recorded engine noise and transfer functions measured from an experimental setup. |
10,309 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete-Time Modeling of Pulsewidth Modulated DC–DC Converters in Subsampling Conditions, and key words: Switches, Biological system modeling, Frequency control, Switching frequency, Power electronics, Matrix converters, Hardware. Abstract: This article presents an extension of a small-signal discrete-time modeling procedure for dc–dc converters. It considers that the time between samples can be an integer multiple of the switching period of the converter. Then, it can be said that the converter is modeled in undersampling or subsampling conditions. The objective of this article is to obtain a small-signal discrete model, so the degradation in the dynamic performance of the dc–dc converter introduced by the subsampling conditions can be assessed, and a proper controller can be designed. |
10,310 | Please write an abstract with title: Active and passive materials for miniature diode-pumped 1.5 /spl mu/m erbium glass lasers, and key words: Optical materials, Diodes, Erbium, Glass, Pump lasers, Laser excitation, Laser stability, Optical pumping, Crystallization, Ytterbium. Abstract: The 3-level nature of erbium ions lasing at 1.5 /spl mu/m requires minimizing the volume of the active medium in order to reduce the lasing threshold. Efficient optical pumping of small volumes of bulk laser glass needs high pump extinction in the laser medium, i.e. as high Yb concentration as technologically possible. The main problem in this case is to avoid crystallization of the concentrated glasses. Our search for a stable concentrated glass composition resulted in developing a technologically producible Yb-Er glass containing 4.2/spl times/10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/ of ytterbium ions about twice as usually used in commercially available laser glasses. This feature makes efficient pumping of small (2-3 mm) laser rods easily possible without bothering about the exact pump wavelength (in the range from /spl sim/850 to 1000 nm) and without LD array thermal stabilization. A secondary goal was the development of a new Yb-Er activated laser glass that should combine good laser efficiency and sufficiently higher thermo-mechanical properties them the available ones. We have investigated another cobalt-doped material for passive Q-switching of erbium glass lasers: magnesium-aluminum spinel MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ grown by a number of methods: Czochralski, flux and Verneuil. |
10,311 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Anaysis of The Average Current-Detection Method for Wide Input Voltage Range Constant-Current Lighting LED Driver, and key words: Solid state lighting, Simulation, Process control, Light emitting diodes, Stability analysis, Sensors, Topology. Abstract: In the AC- or battery-powered LED lighting systems, it is vital to regulate the average LED current for maintaining the constant luminous intensity. A constant-current LED driver that can handle a wide input range and various numbers of series-connected output LEDs would be desirable. This work presents a novel average current-detection and hysteresis turn-off (ACHT) method to achieve the current accuracy of LED drivers based on discontinuous low-side current sensing topology under wide range input and output voltages. The enhanced adaptive off-time (EAOT) loop of the LED driver is developed to solve the stability problems and control the amplitude of LED current ripple. Implemented in a 0.8-μm HV BCD process, the simulation results show that this method can remain stable and achieve accurate constant current (variations of I Avg: DC ±2.7%, AC+4.1%) independent of the peripheral circuit parameters. |
10,312 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Assignment for Multi-Robot Systems via Distributed Branch-And-Price, and key words: Task analysis, Robots, Costs, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Partitioning algorithms, Resource management. Abstract: In this article, we consider a network of agents that has to self-assign a set of tasks while respecting resource constraints. One possible formulation is the generalized assignment problem, where the goal is to find a maximum payoff while satisfying capability constraints. We propose a purely distributed branch-and-price algorithm to solve this problem in a cooperative fashion. Inspired by classical (centralized) branch-and-price schemes, in the proposed algorithm, each agent locally solves small linear programs, generates columns by solving simple knapsack problems, and communicates to its neighbors a fixed number of basic columns. We prove finite-time convergence of the algorithm to an optimal solution of the problem. Then, we apply the proposed scheme to a generalized assignment scenario, in which a team of robots has to serve a set of tasks. We implement the proposed algorithm in a Robot Operating System testbed and provide experiments for a team of heterogeneous robots solving the assignment problem. |
10,313 | Please write an abstract with title: Rule-Based Effective Collaborative Recommendation Using Unfavorable Preference, and key words: Collaboration, Motion pictures, Sparse matrices, Recommender systems, Object recognition, Prediction algorithms, Task analysis. Abstract: The biggest challenge in collaborative filtering recommendation system research is data sparsity; it mainly occurs as user rates very few items from widely available options. Data Imputation techniques address the data sparsity problem by filling the missing values and then predicting the likeliness of the user. Most of the existing imputation systems assign high ratings to the items or incorporate additional information to enhance the performance of collaborative filtering recommendations. This paper proposes an association rule-based imputation method (RUBLE) to improve the top-N prediction performance of the collaborative filtering recommendation. The proposed method identifies the unfavorable items of each user using the association rule mining technique and imputes them with low values. The proposed method not only addresses the sparsity problem but also provides a better quality of recommendation by eliminating the unfavorable items in top-N predictions. Existing collaborative methods can quickly adapt to the proposed method as it is method agnostic. The experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the accuracy of the traditional recommender methods by two times on average and significantly outperforms existing imputation based approaches. |
10,314 | Please write an abstract with title: GAN-MDF: An Enabling Method for Multifidelity Data Fusion, and key words: Hafnium, Digital twin, Internet of Things, Generators, Sensors, Response surface methodology, Finite element analysis. Abstract: NVIDIA Omniverse offers a unified platform for 3-D production pipelines based on the digital twins of real physical systems. The Internet of Things facilitates the acquisition of Omniverse data from different information sources, including finite-element model simulations and various sensors, and such data describe the responses of physical systems. According to their response description accuracies, these multisource data can be divided into different fidelity levels. High-fidelity (HF) data describe responses of the given system accurately but are costly to obtain. In contrast, low-fidelity (LF) data are inexpensive but often do not reach the desired accuracy level. Multifidelity data fusion (MDF) aims to use massive LF data and small amounts of HF data to develop the digital twin of a real physical system to produce accurate digital system responses. In this article, we propose a novel generative adversarial network for MDF. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs better than the state-of-the-art methods without any specific assumptions regarding the data distribution or data structure and has higher stability when addressing varying amounts of HF and LF data, especially in cases with very few HF data. |
10,315 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic electrochemical simulation of micromachined electrodes for neural-stimulation systems, and key words: Retina, Microstructure, Voltage, Surface fitting, Capacitance, Impedance, Biomedical electrodes, Neural prosthesis, Conductivity, Lifting equipment. Abstract: High-resolution retinal prosthetic systems require high-density stimulation electrodes to restore the vision of blind patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. To increase the effective area of the electrode, a micromachining process is used to add high aspect ratio structures to the electrode surface. Modeling such structures with spice resistor and capacitor elements allow prediction of the current and voltage distribution during stimulation, thus quantifying the electrode performance and longevity. |
10,316 | Please write an abstract with title: A tunable electrically small antenna for ground wave transmission, and key words: Transmitting antennas, Testing, Capacitors, Tuning, Antenna measurements, Propagation losses, Wire, Hafnium, Resonant frequency, Numerical simulation. Abstract: A tunable, electrically small, wire antenna is developed for HF/VHF ground wave transmission. A variable capacitor is serially connected to tune the resonant frequency of the antenna. The optimal position for the placement of the capacitor is evaluated by numerical simulation. The tuning range and sensitivity are also investigated. A prototype antenna is built and tested, and the measured tuning performance is compared to the simulation results. Transmission loss tests are carried out in several nonline-of-sight environments. The measured transmission loss of the tunable small antenna is found to be within 1 to 2 dB of that of a commercial whip across the tested frequency range. |
10,317 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of decimation filter and high-speed testing of a component of the filter, and key words: Circuit testing, Digital filters, Software libraries, Circuit simulation, Timing, Josephson junctions, Hardware design languages, System-on-a-chip, System testing, Receivers. Abstract: We study decimation filters based on the single-flux-quantum circuit in order to realize over-sampled AD converter. We designed the decimation digital filters using CONNECT cells, a well-developed cell library. We designed a T1 cell, because the T1 cell is the key for the counting-type decimation filter. We confirmed correct operation up to 43 GHz by using an on chip test system. Using the T1 cell, we designed second-order counting-type decimation sinc filters with decimation factors N=2 and N=4. The circuit scale was as high as 2758 junctions. We also confirmed the correct operation of these filters. |
10,318 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the Wishart test statistics for polarimetric SAR data, and key words: Testing, Statistical analysis, Image segmentation, Image edge detection, Covariance matrix, Change detection algorithms, Performance evaluation, Merging, Probability, Informatics. Abstract: A test statistic for equality of two covariance matrices following the complex Wishart distribution has previously been used in new algorithms for change detection, edge detection and segmentation in polarimetric SAR images. Previously, the results for change detection and edge detection have been quantitatively evaluated. This paper deals with the evaluation of segmentation. A segmentation performance measure originally developed for single-channel SAR images has been extended to polarimetric SAR images, and used to evaluate segmentation for a merge-using-moment algorithm for polarimetric SAR data. |
10,319 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of computer input device for patients with tetraplegia, and key words: Testing, Mice, Software systems, Keyboards, Software measurement, Performance evaluation, Computer science education, Position measurement, Home computing, Velocity measurement. Abstract: We describe a measurement and evaluation methods of a computer input ability of patients with tetraplegia. We measure the position locus of the mouse cursor when a patient operates the computer using a computer input device such as a ball mouse, a trackball, and a touch pad. We analyze the position locus of mouse cursor in order to analyze the computer input ability of patients. Using this system, we can measure and evaluate the computer input ability of patients using various kinds of computer input devices. Based on the experiment result using this system, we developed a new computer input device for the patient with tetraplegia. It makes clear that the new computer input device is useful for the patient with tetraplegia. |
10,320 | Please write an abstract with title: Active Localization for Mobile Service Robots in Symmetrical and Open Environments, and key words: Location awareness, Uncertainty, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Service robots, Tracking, Clustering algorithms, Sensor systems. Abstract: As mobile service robots are increasingly being introduced into everyday human activities, it is essential to get service robots moving securely. Improve robot localization will lead to more secure and efficient robots. Passive localization systems for indoor environments are a mature area and have a good performance in environments with enough features; however, robots still could get lost in symmetrical or open areas. On the other hand, active localization systems improve localization by letting the robot choose where to move or point its sensors to improve the robot pose. In this paper, we address the problem of active localization in the context of the indoor position tracking problem in very symmetrical and open environments. Our active localization system’s main contributions are: (i) introduce two cluster algorithms to group pose hypotheses, (ii) use a reduced map for searching informative points, and (iii) perform only rotational actions to point the sensor to the selected point without drift the robot from the navigation path. The system demonstrated a significant decrease in ground truth error and localization uncertainty in both simulated and real robot experiments. |
10,321 | Please write an abstract with title: Jitter enhanced full digital RF transmitter and PWM RFPA for 5G broadband communications, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Modulation, Radio frequency, Jitter, Frequency modulation, Phase modulation, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: RFPA (radio frequency power amplifier) based on PWM (pulse width modulation) can be perfect linear without using complicated DPD (digital pre-distortion) hardware. However, PWM RFPA need ultra-high PWM time resolution (less than 10 ps) for wide-band 5G, which is limited by CMOS technologies (can reach 40 ps). It limits the complexity of modulation so that PWM RFPA cannot be really commercialized so far in wideband radio/mobile technologies. This paper presents our contribution by introducing jitter into PWM. For the first time, we demonstrate that jitter can improve the PWM time resolution equivalently reaching less than 2.6 ps. Hence PWM RFPA can be used in 5G supporting 256QAM OFDM modulation based on currently available digital CMOS technologies. We demonstrate that jitter can refine the inherent resolution of PWM hardware circuit modulation. The jitter makes the MCS (modulation and coding scheme) of the bandwidth OFDM system improved from 16QAM to 256QAM in the band n28 of 3GPP 38.101. We also verified that 5G 256QAM OFDM modulation is achievable in the 3GPP band n20, Softbank band28 and NTT Docomo band28. The RMS EVM (root mean square error vector magnitude) of 256QAM OFDM modulation is about −44 dB. |
10,322 | Please write an abstract with title: Josephson nonlatching logic circuits, and key words: Logic circuits, Current supplies, Josephson junctions, Switching circuits, Switches, Logic devices, Delay effects, Logic gates, Impedance, Automatic control. Abstract: The authors describe nonlatching logic circuits that can be designed using Josephson junctions as the switching elements. The circuits require no current resetting and can be switched between their two logic states with a subnanosecond delay time. The switching behavior has been simulated numerically. The choice of parameters and junction types is analyzed. The distinctive features which make these circuits attractive are discussed. |
10,323 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast non-local means filtering method for interferometric phase based on wavelet packet transform, and key words: Filtering, Wavelet transforms, Wavelet packets, Wavelet domain, Radio interferometry, Phase noise, Wiener filters. Abstract: Phase unwrapping is very important to acquire surface deformation using InSAR, unwrapping the interferometric phase directly is not appropriate because the phase is affected by various noises. Therefore, it is essential to apply a suitable filter to the interferometric phase before phase unwrapping. Although there are many filtering methods for noise, these methods cannot be used directly due to the particularity of interferometric phase noise and therefore it is important to do the corresponding domain transformation. Here, a fast non-local means filtering method based on wavelet packet transform is proposed. Originally, wavelet packet transform is performed on the real part and the imaginary part respectively, which avoids the influence of phase jumps on the subsequent filtering. Furthermore, the fast non-local means filtering can be applied to smooth the acquired wavelet packet coefficients. Eventually, inverse transform of the wavelet packet is used to reconstruct the phase after filtering. Compared with other filtering algorithms in simulated and actual Sentinel-1 data, the superiority of this algorithm is proved. |
10,324 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection for Spectrum Sensing in CRN under Impact of Distributional Uncertainty of Noise and Interference, and key words: Uncertainty, Interference, Sensors, Complexity theory, Telecommunications, Cognitive radio, Covariance matrices. Abstract: Since the advent of Cognitive Radio and exploitation of unused spectrum by secondary devices, spectrum has gained immense importance. In cognitive radio network setting, due to very low received signal to noise ratio (SNR), spectrum sensing has been a challenging task. Further, signal detection is obscured due to presence of accumulated interference for which the statistical distribution is unknown and has significant distributional uncertainty. Covariance based signal detection methods have been proposed by various authors and proved to be better than other methods due to its independence on SNR, accuracy, and medium algorithmic complexity. Some results from Random Matrix Theory (RMT) on modelling of covariance matrices can be used in signal detection. This paper presents an algorithm for detection of Chi-Square distributed independent random signals using Wishart matrix which model the covariance matrix. A centering matrix is employed to scale the sample covariance matrix with Wishart distribution. The signals under various fading environment are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Also, a DVBT-2K signal is used to evaluate the performance for more realistic conditions. Furthermore, quantification of distributional uncertainty of accumulated interference in DTV based CRN is calculated using differential entropy of pdf of the interference. The quantified uncertainty is used to calculate the new threshold for detection. As per our knowledge, it is observed in the proposed work that the Maximum-Minimum Eigenvalue (MME) based proposed algorithm performs better than other proposed schemes in terms of probability of detection and complexity. |
10,325 | Please write an abstract with title: Meta-Learning-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multiobjective Optimization Problems, and key words: Optimization, Learning systems, Pareto optimization, Training, Vehicle routing, Traveling salesman problems, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently shown its success in tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. When these problems are extended to multiobjective ones, it becomes difficult for the existing DRL approaches to flexibly and efficiently deal with multiple subproblems determined by the weight decomposition of objectives. This article proposes a concise meta-learning-based DRL approach. It first trains a meta-model by meta-learning. The meta-model is fine-tuned with a few update steps to derive submodels for the corresponding subproblems. The Pareto front is then built accordingly. Compared with other learning-based methods, our method can greatly shorten the training time of multiple submodels. Due to the rapid and excellent adaptability of the meta-model, more submodels can be derived so as to increase the quality and diversity of the found solutions. The computational experiments on multiobjective traveling salesman problems and multiobjective vehicle routing problems with time windows demonstrate the superiority of our method over most of the learning-based and iteration-based approaches. |
10,326 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Web Caching Strategy, and key words: Satellites, Simulation, Linear programming, Servers, Time factors, Problem-solving, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Web caching is one strategy that can be used to speed up response times by storing frequently accessed data in the cache server. Given the cache server limited capacity, it is necessary to determine the priority of cached data that can enter the cache server. This study simulated cached data prioritization based on an objective function as a characteristic of problem-solving using an optimization approach. The objective function of web caching is formulated based on the variable data size, count access, and frequency-time access. Then we use the knapsack problem method to find the optimal solution. The Simulations run three swarm intelligence algorithms Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), divided into several scenarios. The simulation results show that the GA algorithm relatively stable and fast to convergence. The ACO algorithm has the advantage of a non-random initial solution but has followed the pheromone trail. The BPSO algorithm is the fastest, but the resulting solution quality is not as good as ACO and GA. |
10,327 | Please write an abstract with title: High performance ultra-wide bandwidth systems via novel pulse shaping and frequency domain processing, and key words: Bandwidth, Pulse shaping methods, Frequency domain analysis, Throughput, Diversity methods, Interference, Delay effects, Bit error rate, Performance loss, Wireless communication. Abstract: Ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) systems have emerged as a strong candidate for high-throughput short range wireless communications. Because of the UWB systems' fine time resolution properties, a large path diversity gain can be exploited. However, to exploit this path diversity gain while avoiding inter symbol interference between data bits, the repetition period of data-modulated pulses must be larger than the time delay spread of multipath fading channels. This significantly reduces the throughput of UWB systems (making it spectrally inefficient, e.g., 0.05 b/s/Hz). If a larger throughput is desired (e.g.. a throughput requiring information-bearing pulses separated by less than the time delay spread), the BER performance degrades rapidly. In this work, we propose a novel pulse waveform referred to as the carrier interferometry (CI) pulse waveform for use in UWB systems: CI supports significant increases fit throughput with negligible performance loss. Specifically, the CI pulse waveform corresponds to the superpositioning of N orthogonal subcarriers. At the receiver side, the received pulse is decomposed into its subcarriers and recombined to exploit diversity in the frequency domain. This frequency domain processing provides resistance to inter symbol interference (from data-modulated pulses positioned within the delay spread of the channel). As a direct result, much higher throughput is supported with small performance loss when CI pulse waveforms are employed. Simulation results over indoor channels confirm that the novel CI-UWB system is capable of significantly outperforming current UWB systems: at a fixed BER performance level of 10/sup -3/, the proposed system can provide up to 64 times the data rate of current time domain UWB systems. |
10,328 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-High Compression of Twiddle Factor ROMs in Multi-Core DSP for FMCW Radars, and key words: Read only memory, Radar, Encoding, Optimization, Decoding, Random access memory, Quantization (signal). Abstract: The increasing density of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) arrays in imaging radars for the automotive industry demands highly parallel systems with low-footprint accelerators, which would enable the concurrent processing of a high number of virtual channels with a low-latency, and without a high area overhead. In this paper, we design, implement, and test multiple handcrafted compression schemes for Twiddle Factor (TF) Read-Only Memories (ROM), aiming to reduce the footprint of a variable-length and dual-radix Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) accelerator in a Multi-core Digital Signal Processor (DSP) for Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars. The compression schemes proposed in this paper involve double delta encoding, Radix-specific address optimizations per port, symmetry inclusion, and exploitation of the bit resolution changes within the radar processing chain. All schemes are verified in an FPGA in terms of logic utilization and quantization using a 77-GHz radar, and implemented in a RISCV-based Processing Element (PE) of a Multi-core DSP with an Adaptive Body Bias (ABB) approach in 22FDX technology for assessing area, leakage, and relative latency savings when compared with a dual-ROM equivalent in the state-of-the-art. |
10,329 | Please write an abstract with title: ALTAR: Area-based Localization Techniques using AoA and RSS measures for Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Estimation, Global Positioning System, Antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Protocols, Area measurement. Abstract: Location-aware WSN applications are emerging from day to day life activities, exclusively in emergency use cases like disaster management, structural monitoring, patient monitoring, and security systems, etc. Estimation of sensor's location in WSN can be done using sensor nodes with install GPS, but it is very expensive, limited in outdoor applications, consume more power, and also increases the size of sensor nodes. Anchor/beacon-based localization is another way to estimate the location of the target/sensor node. Many of anchor-based localization algorithms are available to estimate the location of the target nodes. All available techniques have their limitations in the implementation to estimate the target node's location. In this paper, a novel anchor-based localization technique is proposed to estimate the target node's location more effectively and in this technique, one anchor node, and Angle of Arrival (AoA), RSS (Received Signal Strength) measures. AoA based vector segment can be derived in the proposed model and with the help of RSS based distance, the target node's location can be estimated. This technique is very simple to implement and the simulation results proved that the accuracy of the estimated coordinates of the target nodes is good. |
10,330 | Please write an abstract with title: Tomography imaging of Terrestrial snow for SWE retrieval using frequency-angular correlation functions and asymmetrical distorted Born's approximation, and key words: Radar remote sensing, Radar measurements, Snow, Scattering, Radar, Radar imaging, Tomography. Abstract: Stratification in terrestrial snow is a key factor in the retrieval of snow water equivalence (SWE) due to the different snow volume fractions and particle sizes. In studying the layered structure of snow, radar tomography has been used and multiple ground based experiments are performed. The conventional back projection method has been used to construct the image based on radar measurements at different incident angles and frequencies. However, the conventional back projection method based on Born's approximation would show deformation in the final snow image. In this paper, we use the asymmetrical distorted Born's approximation to correct the deformation in the image. |
10,331 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient Electric and Thermal Fields in a HVDC cable, and key words: Power cables, HVDC transmission, Power cable insulation, Conductivity, Conductors, Thermal conductivity, Thermal analysis. Abstract: Polymeric insulation is being widely used in HVDC cables owing to its several advantages. The performance of a HVDC cable during transients, such as sudden switching and polarity reversal etc., will not be the same as in steady state. In this work the design performance of a HVDC cable has been evaluated. During transient periods the cable insulation suffers from high electro-thermal stress. In this paper, an electro-thermal model has been considered for simulation. The nonlinear DC conductivity is experimentally measured and incorporated in the model to analyze exact performance of cable as per Cigré standard TB 496. The electric field, temperature distribution and insulation leakage current have been analyzed. Peak electric field and field enhancement factors are obtained. |
10,332 | Please write an abstract with title: Diffraction regime of an intracavity thin grating, and key words: Diffraction gratings, Fabry-Perot, Resonance, Bragg gratings, Optical diffraction, Mirrors, Optical reflection, Optical resonators, Holography, Energy exchange. Abstract: In this paper, we propose to investigate the case when both the incident beam and the main diffraction order are Fabry-Perot resonant, at Bragg incidence on a thin unslanted grating. We calculate the intensities of the most important diffraction orders and show what conditions must be fulfilled to obtain a Bragg diffraction regime where all diffracted energy is concentrated in a single diffraction order |
10,333 | Please write an abstract with title: Lithium battery SOC correction technology based on equivalent circuit + UKF filtering algorithm, and key words: Temperature, Filtering algorithms, Lithium batteries, Mathematical models, State of charge, Kalman filters, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: In matlablSimulink environment, the first-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model and the traceless Kalman filtering algorithm are established, and theparameters of different SOCs and temperatures on the battery model are identified by establishing hybrid power pulse characteristic experiments, and the distinguished parameters are substituted into the UKF algorithm for simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the estimation of the state of charge has high accuracy. |
10,334 | Please write an abstract with title: Observer design for a class of piece-wise affine systems, and key words: Observers, Asymptotic stability, Estimation error, Piecewise linear techniques, State estimation, State-space methods, Linear systems, Error correction, Control systems, Computer errors. Abstract: In this paper we propose an observer design procedure for a class of bi-modal piece-wise affine systems. The designed observers have the characteristic feature that they do not require information on the currently active dynamics of the piecewise linear system. A design procedure which guarantees global asymptotic stability of the estimation error is presented. It is shown that the applicability of the presented procedure is limited to continuous piece-wise affine systems. Therefore, we present an observer design procedure, applicable also to discontinuous systems, which guarantees that the estimation error is bounded, with respect to the state bounds, asymptotically. Sliding motions in the observed system, and the observer are discussed. The presented theory is illustrated with an example. |
10,335 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Color Difference in Diagnosis of Melanoma, and key words: Color, Melanoma, Reactive power, Lesions, Ultrasonic imaging, Three-dimensional displays, Skin. Abstract: Skin cancer has become more common in recent years. Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancers. Early diagnosis increases the success of treatment in all types of cancer. The success of early diagnosis depends on the attributes used to identify the disease. Weak attributes require more complex classifiers and increase diagnostic error. Color features were an important indicator in the diagnosis of melanoma. The most important of these was the number of color, but no specific method has been proposed in the literature for its calculation. In this study, a method that provides the determination of the required threshold values to accurately calculate the number of colors of the lesions was proposed and a new attribute named color difference has been defined. For the threshold values determined in the proposed method and the threshold values in the literature, the color numbers and color difference attribute of all samples were calculated. Calculated attributes were analyzed statistically. The results of the analysis showed that the number of colors and color difference attribute calculated with the proposed method were significant. However, it was observed that the number of colors calculated with the threshold values used in the literature did not have statistical significance. Finally, univariate classification was made with the proposed color difference attribute and the number of colors calculated according to the methods in the literature. The classification results were compared in terms of f-measure and it was found that the color difference attribute was 25.8% to 31.9% more successful than the other number of colors used in the literature. The results obtained showed that the importance of correctly determining the number of colors of the lesions and the proposed color difference attribute were quite effective. |
10,336 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact Analysis of Ultra-Fast Charging Station by Monte Carlo Simulation, and key words: Batteries, Electric vehicles, Charging stations, Market research, Monte Carlo methods, Climate change, Temperature. Abstract: Electrification of road transport represents a necessary strategy for reducing oil dependency and hence climate change. As the penetration of electric vehicles on the market becomes more massive, the need of having a charging system, which can emulate the conventional oil fuel station, becomes ever more important; particularly as medium-long distance travels are concerned. To satisfy such need the installation of Ultra-Fast Charging (UFC) stations is increasing. Nevertheless, this type of infrastructure has to face technical, economical and grid-related challenges. This paper presents an impact analysis in terms of peak power consumption of an UFC station on the grid, obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. Such analysis takes into account some of the main features which influence the charging speed and the absorbed power. |
10,337 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Frequency Inversion of Scattered-Field Data in Lebesgue Spaces with Nonconstant Exponents, and key words: Dielectrics, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave imaging, Image reconstruction, Microwave antennas, Permittivity, Remote sensing. Abstract: The quantitative retrieval of the dielectric properties of structures from scattered-field measurements at microwave frequencies is relevant for a wide range of applications. To accomplish this task, a key point is represented by the effective exploitation of the available information, including frequency diversity. In this contribution, a quantitative imaging method that works in Lebesgue spaces with nonconstant exponents is extended in order to perform a multi-frequency inversion. The proposed technique is validated against experimental data. |
10,338 | Please write an abstract with title: A jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832-Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit, and key words: Jitter, Clocks, Circuits, Phase locked loops, Transfer functions, Surface acoustic waves, Boosting, Acoustic waves, Filters, Cutoff frequency. Abstract: This paper describes a jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that uses a phase-locked loop (PLL). This technique decreases the jitter generation and improves the jitter transfer function. Jitter generation is suppressed by boosting the loop gain in the PLL. A suitable jitter transfer function and jitter tolerance is achieved by using a low-center-frequency (f/sub c/) surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter. The fabricated circuit has low jitter generation [about 2.4 mUI rms (below 1 ps rms)] and a low cutoff frequency of the jitter transfer function (about 500 kHz) as a result of using a SAW filter with a f/sub c/ of 622.08 MHz. The jitter generations are within 5 mUI rms (2 ps rms) for the temperature range of 0 to 90/spl deg/. The circuit exceeds the jitter tolerance specifications in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) recommendation G.958 by more than 30%. |
10,339 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of TD-CDMA systems during crossed slots, and key words: Downlink, Interference, System performance, Power control, Multimedia systems, Telecommunication traffic, Time division multiple access, 3G mobile communication, Resource management, Power system modeling. Abstract: Many multimedia services of the next generation mobile telecommunication systems have an asymmetric traffic distribution between uplink and downlink. The combination of the time division duplexing (TDD) with the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) allows an asymmetric use of radio resources due to the flexible allocation of time slots. To conserve this flexibility, the uplink and downlink slot distribution is preferred to be different in cells due to the different rates of asymmetry. Hence, crossed slots where a set of cells are active in downlink and another set are active in uplink, must be allowed. In crossed slots, intermobile and inter-base station interferences appear. Intermobile interference is very difficult to measure and may induce very high outage probability when two close mobiles are active in opposite link directions during the same slot. In this paper, a simplified optimum power control is used to study the performance of a TD-CDMA system during a crossed slot. Simulation results has shown that the system performance may be better in crossed slots than in uplink slots for some mobile distributions. |
10,340 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of A Positive Output Voltage Dual Input DC-DC Converter, and key words: Performance evaluation, Renewable energy sources, Analytical models, DC-DC power converters, Topology, Inductors. Abstract: The concept of Multi-Input DC-DC (MIDC) converters have been proposed to conquer the demerits linked with the traditional methods of integration. A Positive Output Voltage Dual Input DC-DC converter (PODIC) that has the capabilities to surpass the demerits of conventional buck-boost converter topology with dual input, that has inverted output voltage is presented in this paper. This converter shall be operated in all the basic modes like buck-boost, boost and buck. A comprehensive explanation of various operating modes, derivation of the expression for the output voltage, and inductor status in all the three basic operating modes have been described in this paper. Also, the feasibility study of the converter is done with the support of simulation and experimental analysis. Efficiency analysis of PODIC is also done in all the modes to highlight the efficiency profile of PODIC. |
10,341 | Please write an abstract with title: GraphWGAN: Graph Representation Learning with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks, and key words: Hafnium, Conferences, Big Data. Abstract: Graph representation learning aims to represent vertices as low-dimensional and real-valued vectors to facilitate subsequent downstream tasks, i.e., node classification, link predictions. Recently, some novel graph representation learning frameworks, which try to approximate the underlying true connectivity distribution of the vertices, show their superiority. These methods characterize the distance between the true connectivity distribution and generated connectivity distribution by Kullback-Leibler or Jensen-Shannon divergence. However, since these divergences are not continuous with respect to the generator's parameters, such methods easily lead to unstable training and poor convergence. In contrast, Wasserstein distance is continuous and differentiable almost everywhere, which means it can produce more reliable gradient, allowing the training more stable and more convergent. In this paper, we utilize Wasserstein distance to characterize the distance between the underlying true connectivity distribution and generated distribution in graph representation learning. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our method exceeds existing baselines in tasks of both node classification and link prediction. |
10,342 | Please write an abstract with title: Method for generating infrared big data for deep learning algorithm training by using small sample data, and key words: Azimuth, Observers, Deep learning, Big Data, Sun, Target recognition, Training. Abstract: With regard to precision guided weapon, a large amount of feature data is required for the training of non-cooperative target deep learning recognition models. In this paper, based on the remote sensing data and target temperature information, the variable parameters of big data generation are proposed by analyzing the formation mechanism of infrared radiation characteristics. And then, the 3D temperature field of the target is constructed based on small sample information. Finally, based on the 3D temperature field, multiple sets of infrared characteristic data are generated with different observation angles and sun positions. By analyzing the data results, it can be seen that when the observation angle is changed, the variation of the tank barrel radiation characteristics are up to 80%, and when the position of the sun is changed, the variation of the tank hatch radiation characteristics is up to 100%. The big data generation method proposed in this paper has the characteristics of diverse characteristics, high data scalability and high feature continuity, and can be used as training data for deep learning models. |
10,343 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity analysis of induced voltages on distribution lines, and key words: Sensitivity analysis, Voltage, Lightning, Power distribution lines, Nonlinear equations, Conductivity, Electromagnetic fields, Flashover, Testing, Corona. Abstract: This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of induced voltages on overhead distribution lines due to some lightning and line configuration parameters variations. The sensitivity analysis was made initially varying just one parameter individually and then was varied whole parameters at the same time analyzed by means of nonlinear regression models. This analysis shows the parameters that have more influence on the induced voltages. It was also obtained an approximate equation to calculate the maximum induced voltage along the line. The obtained equation was also compared with other approximate equations such as Rusck and Jankov. |
10,344 | Please write an abstract with title: Delay and Stability Analysis of Connection-Based Slotted-Aloha, and key words: Delays, Throughput, Analytical models, Protocols, Jitter, Stability analysis, Markov processes. Abstract: In recent years, connection-based slotted-Aloha (CS-Aloha) has been proposed to improve the performance of random access networks. In this protocol, each node attempts to send a request to the access point (AP) before packet transmission. Once this attempt is successful, the node can transmit up to M packets to the AP. Previous works indicated that the CS-Aloha can achieve a higher throughput than the classical slotted Aloha (S-Aloha), if M is large enough. However, the impact of M on the delay performance and stability is still unknown. To solve this problem, we model each node of the CS-Aloha as a vacation queueing system with limited service discipline, where we consider each batch of packet transmissions as a busy period, and the attempt process between two successive busy periods as a vacation period. We derive the delay distribution, which is turned out to be a geometric distribution. From this result, we further obtain the mean delay, the delay jitter, and the bounded delay region. Our analysis shows that increasing M can accelerate the clean-up of the buffer in each node and thus decrease the attempt rate, which can reduce the average time needed by a node to make a successful attempt. As a result, a large M can decrease the mean delay and the delay jitter, and enlarge the bounded delay region. Also, we obtain the condition to achieve the minimum mean delay under different values of M . |
10,345 | Please write an abstract with title: UVLED based on carrier localization in AlGaN, and key words: Aluminum gallium nitride, Light emitting diodes, Plasma temperature, Photoluminescence, Fluctuations, Aluminum alloys, Reflectivity, Temperature sensors, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical sensors. Abstract: AlGaN samples show intense room temperature photoluminescence from localized states that is significantly red-shifted, 200-400 meV, from band edge. Double-heterostructure light-emitting diodes were fabricated using this unique layer, with electroluminescence peak at 325 nm. |
10,346 | Please write an abstract with title: TensorFI: A Flexible Fault Injection Framework for TensorFlow Applications, and key words: Training, Tools, Software, Software reliability, Software measurement, Autonomous vehicles, Resilience. Abstract: As machine learning (ML) has seen increasing adoption in safety-critical domains (e.g., autonomous vehicles), the reliability of ML systems has also grown in importance. While prior studies have proposed techniques to enable efficient error-resilience (e.g., selective instruction duplication), a fundamental requirement for realizing these techniques is a detailed understanding of the application's resilience. In this work, we present TensorFI, a high-level fault injection (FI) framework for TensorFlow-based applications. TensorFI is able to inject both hardware and software faults in general TensorFlow programs. TensorFI is a configurable FI tool that is flexible, easy to use, and portable. It can be integrated into existing TensorFlow programs to assess their resilience for different fault types (e.g., faults in particular operators). We use TensorFI to evaluate the resilience of 12 ML programs, including DNNs used in the autonomous vehicle domain. The results give us insights into why some of the models are more resilient. We also present two case studies to demonstrate the usefulness of the tool. TensorFI is publicly available at https://github.com/DependableSystemsLab/TensorFI. |
10,347 | Please write an abstract with title: A W-Type Double-Cladding IR Fiber With Ultra-High Numerical Aperture, and key words: Glass, Optical fiber dispersion, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fiber amplifiers, Chalcogenides, Dispersion. Abstract: We have prepared a novel fiber consisting of three different glasses with W-type double-cladding structure and constant core-to-cladding ratio by the extrusion method. An ultra-high numerical aperture (NA ≥ 2.17) indicates that this fiber has a good capability of collecting and confining light in a wide wavelength range. The lowest fiber loss is approximately 1.7 dB/m at 6.1 μm. Supercontinuum spectrum covering 1.6 μm to 10.85 μm at a bandwidth of -30 dB has been demonstrated in a 21 cm long fiber pumped by 5 μm laser. This chalcogenide fiber has high-NA and W-type double-cladding structure, and thus shows great potentials in the field of high power laser delivery, high efficiency imaging and high-capacity signal transmission in the mid-infrared. |
10,348 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fully Integrated Programmable 6.0–8.5-GHz UWB IR Transmitter Front-End for Energy-Harvesting Devices, and key words: Delays, Tuning, Transistors, Radio transmitters, Transient analysis, Power supplies. Abstract: Ultra-wideband impulse radio transceivers are becoming a key building block for establishing ultralow power wireless sensor networks. However, impulse radio transmitters commonly suffer from a low spectral quality and a coarse frequency tuning resolution, which limits their global applicability. In this article, we present a fully integrated ultralow power impulse radio transmitter front-end (TFE) whose pulse shaping capabilities and integrated output matching network make it globally applicable up to a 4-MHz pulse repetition rate. We demonstrate a digital carrier frequency-tuning method that achieves a 28-MHz resolution over the frequency band of 6.0-8.5 GHz. In addition, we show that the temperature dependence of the TFE's carrier frequency can be compensated digitally over the industrial temperature range from -40°C to 85 °C. The proposed TFE supports energy-harvesting applications particularly well due to its low leakage power level of 380 nW and a high tolerance to power supply transients during pulse generation. It is demonstrated to operate robustly with low-drive regulators powered by low-quality sources. The TFE is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. It generates 1.8-pJ pulses at a 7.5-GHz carrier frequency while consuming 63 pJ per pulse, corresponding to 2.3% efficiency. |
10,349 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Controller and Router for Orderly Charging System of Electric Vehicle, and key words: Uncertainty, Power demand, Microgrids, Electric vehicles, Real-time systems, Smart meters, Safety. Abstract: With the world's attention to energy and environmental issues, the number of electric vehicle users is increasing year by year. However, the disorderly charging of electric vehicles will aggravate the uncertainty of the power grid, leading to "peak-on-peak" of residential load, forcing the capacity of power supply equipment needs to be increased and expanded, and resulting in a decline in the utilization rate of power supply equipment, which is adverse to the stable and economic operation of the power grid. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new generation of orderly charging system, which involves users, electric vehicles, AC charging piles, energy controllers, energy routers, service platforms and others. This article mainly develops energy routers and energy controllers that meet the demand for orderly charging. The energy controller is responsible for generating the local control strategy for orderly charging of electric vehicles, realizing the orderly operation of energy routers, and uploading and synchronizing the grid information and charging information of electric vehicles to the service platform in real time, to support the real-time monitoring and strategy adjustment of orderly charging of electric vehicles. The energy router (a new generation of smart meters) is responsible for the data collection of electric vehicles, energy storage, distributed power sources, microgrids, thermal storage electric heating and other new energy-consuming equipment. It has the ability of local networking and regional autonomy, and supports two ways of interacting with customers including master station and Bluetooth. The energy router and energy controller designed by the system have the advantages of small size, low power consumption, high accuracy, and strong anti-interference ability, which can meet the application of orderly charging of electric vehicles in different occasions. |
10,350 | Please write an abstract with title: Continuous measurement of sweating by electrical conductivity, and key words: Conductivity measurement, Electric variables measurement, Skin, Nerve fibers, Fluid flow measurement, Electrodes, Sugar, Delay, Testing, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Summary form only given. A method of measuring sweating was proposed in which pure water was perfused through a chamber having a small opening facing the skin surface. Sweating was detected by the change in electrical conductivity of the water, as measured by electrodes placed at the outlet of the flow channel. Ion-free isotonic sucrose solution was perfused with a flow rate of about 2 ml/min. When a bolus of ion was loaded at the opening, the 90% response time was about 0.12 s. For the observation of single-sweat-gland activity, a special chamber was prepared in which the area of the opening to the skin was about 0.2 mm 2. A quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) was performed using a chamber having a concentric well filled by acetylcholine solution, which can be transported into the tissue by iontophoresis. It was confirmed that mental sweating could be monitored successfully. Whilst only the amount of electrolyte is measured in this method, the mental sweating responses observed were quite similar to those recorded by an air-ventilated chamber. Axon reflex sweating during QSART was also successfully observed using the chamber. |
10,351 | Please write an abstract with title: Transfer Learning Using EfficientNet for Brain Tumor Classification from MRI Images, and key words: Deep learning, Magnetic resonance imaging, Transfer learning, Magnetic resonance, Medical services, Manuals, Computer architecture. Abstract: A benign or malignant brain tumour is a development of cells within the brain or skull that is abnormal. A primary tumour is one that grows directly from the brain's tissue, while a secondary tumour is one that spreads from another part of the body to the brain (metastasis). Depending on the tumor's kind, size, and location, there are a variety of treatment options. Radiologist use MRI (magnetic resonance images) to classify them. Due to the complexity of brain tumours and their qualities, a manual examination might be error-prone. To aid physicians throughout the globe, we've proposed a solution that uses Deep Learning Algorithms like ConvolutionNeural Networks and TransferLearning (TL). In this paper we have classified MRI into four types (glioma, no tumor, meningioma, pituitary). We have trained our architecture using EfficientNet. From According to our findings, transfer learning works well when the dataset is limited. An accuracy of 99 percent is achieved by the suggested approach. |
10,352 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion-Augmented Self-Training for Video Recognition at Smaller Scale, and key words: Training, Optical losses, Knowledge engineering, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Semisupervised learning, Predictive models. Abstract: The goal of this paper is to self-train a 3D convolutional neural network on an unlabeled video collection for deployment on small-scale video collections. As smaller video datasets benefit more from motion than appearance, we strive to train our network using optical flow, but avoid its computation during inference. We propose the first motion-augmented self-training regime, we call MotionFit. We start with supervised training of a motion model on a small, and labeled, video collection. With the motion model we generate pseudo-labels for a large unlabeled video collection, which enables us to transfer knowledge by learning to predict these pseudo-labels with an appearance model. Moreover, we introduce a multi-clip loss as a simple yet efficient way to improve the quality of the pseudo-labeling, even without additional auxiliary tasks. We also take into consideration the temporal granularity of videos during self-training of the appearance model, which was missed in previous works. As a result we obtain a strong motion-augmented representation model suited for video downstream tasks like action recognition and clip retrieval. On small-scale video datasets, MotionFit outperforms alternatives for knowledge transfer by 5%-8%, video-only self-supervision by 1%-7% and semi-supervised learning by 9%-18% using the same amount of class labels. |
10,353 | Please write an abstract with title: Text Detection by Fusing Text Edge Semantics in Arbitrary Shapes, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Image segmentation, Text recognition, Shape, Image edge detection, Semantics, Merging. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a method of fusing text edge semantics (FTES) for text semantic segmentation. FTES divides an image containing text into text semantic region, edge semantic region and background semantic region, where edge region is as a transitional region that splits text region from background region. At the same time, we design a text semantics segmentation network FTES-Net to detect arbitrarily shaped text regions in an images. We perform experiments on two public datasets containing a large number of non-linear text regions, and the results show that our proposed text region detection method can achieve comparable results. |
10,354 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Model Predictive Control Framework for Energy-Optimal Adaptive Cruise Control of Battery Electric Vehicles, and key words: Europe, Predictive models, Electric vehicles, Energy efficiency, Numerical models, Batteries, Optimization. Abstract: The autonomous vehicle following problem has been extensively studied for at least two decades with the rapid development of intelligent transport systems. In this context, this paper proposes a robust model predictive control (RMPC) method that aims to find the energy-efficient following velocity of an ego battery electric vehicle and to guarantee a safe rear-end distance in the presence of disturbances and modelling errors. The optimisation problem is formulated in the space domain so that the overall problem can be convexified in the form of a semi-definite program, which ensures a rapid solving speed and a unique solution. Simulations are carried out to provide numerical comparisons with a nominal model predictive control (MPC) scheme. It is shown that the RMPC guarantees robust constraint satisfaction for the closed-loop system whereas constraints may be violated when the nominal MPC is in use. Moreover, the impact of the prediction horizon length on optimality is investigated, showing that a finely tuned horizon could produce significant energy savings. |
10,355 | Please write an abstract with title: Throughput and Delay Performance of Cooperative HARQ in Satellite-HAP-Vehicle FSO Systems, and key words: Measurement, Fading channels, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Protocols, Monte Carlo methods, Satellites, Vehicular ad hoc networks. Abstract: This paper addresses the link-layer error-control solutions of high platform altitude (HAP)-aided relaying satellite free-space optical (FSO) systems for the Internet of Vehicles. Specifically, we propose a design of cooperative incremental redundancy (IR) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol to mitigate the transmission errors over the turbulence fading channels. The performance metrics, including average throughput and average frame delay, are analytically derived. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed cooperative IR-HARQ protocol in FSO-based satellite-HAP-vehicle systems and support the proper selection of parameters. Monte-Carlo simulations are also performed to validate the correctness of theoretical results. |
10,356 | Please write an abstract with title: DC operating point shifts in active RF/microwave frequency multipliers, and key words: Radio frequency, Voltage, Circuits, Harmonic analysis, Diodes, Impedance, Power harmonic filters, AC generators, DC generators, Oncology. Abstract: In this work, changes in DC operating point shifts are analyzed for both classical and practical RF/microwave frequency multiplier configurations. It is shown that a classical, theoretical multiplier design can have a much different response when attempted in a practical circuit configuration. These differences are analyzed through harmonic balance simulation of an idealized device model. A compensation technique is suggested to achieve an expected harmonic output with a more practical circuit configuration. Finally, the effects exhibited in the idealized device model are shown to occur in a practical device model and in actual measured results. |
10,357 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of design algorithm for logistics networks, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Logistics, Systems engineering and theory, Marine vehicles, Raw materials, Shape, Design engineering, Supply chain management, Supply chains, Production facilities. Abstract: Logistics network design problems are usually solved through experimental and intuitional approaches. These approaches are taken because of the complicated conditions that accompany problems associated with layout planning, stock analysis, network flow. In this study, the problem is divided into two parts: material flow and layout planning. An algorithm is examined in this study for a design that involves the formulation of material flow into the shape of mixed integer problems. |
10,358 | Please write an abstract with title: Semisupervised Machine Fault Diagnosis Fusing Unsupervised Graph Contrastive Learning, and key words: Representation learning, Fault diagnosis, Training, Feature extraction, Transformers, Task analysis, Data models. Abstract: By learning effective information from unlabeled nodes, node-level graph data-driven diagnosis methods perform better than graph-level methods. However, features of unlabeled nodes, indirectly involved in graph feature learning, are not fully utilized. To overcome aforementioned limitations, a semisupervised machine fault diagnosis fusing unsupervised graph contrastive learning (GCL) is proposed. A new GCL framework, where positive and negative graphs are generated by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient, is fused into the graph transformer network (GTN). Furthermore, a new combined loss, including a supervised cross-entropy loss and a new unsupervised GCL loss, is designed for GTN training. Contrastive learning of positive and negative graphs is guided by the unsupervised GCL loss. While the semisupervised graph feature learning for original graphs is mainly driven by the supervised cross-entropy loss, where the GTN for graph feature learning shares parameters. Experimental results on public and real datasets show the proposed method achieves a competitive performance. |
10,359 | Please write an abstract with title: MQAM space-time block coding with differential detection, and key words: Block codes, Bit error rate, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Performance loss, Computational complexity, Decoding, Transmitters, Transmitting antennas, Computational modeling, Analytical models. Abstract: On the basis of analyzing of some existing differential space-time coding (DSTC) schemes, we develop a differential space-time block coding scheme based on multiple levels quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) in this paper. By introducing MQAM, the developed scheme can avoid the performance loss of conventional DSTC schemes based on MPSK modulation due to the decrease of minimum distance between constellation symbols in high spectrum efficiency. Compared with the existing DSTC schemes, the developed scheme has lower computational complexity and simple decoder. Moreover, it can achieve higher code rate in the case of more than two transmitter antennas. Theoretic analysis shows that the scheme has higher coding gain than existing differential unitary space-time coding scheme and differential orthogonal space-time coding scheme, and corresponding simulation results also show that our scheme has lower bit error rate (BER) when compared with the above two schemes. |
10,360 | Please write an abstract with title: ARC-SoISE: Towards a Reference Architecture for Constituents of Educational Systems-of-Information Systems, and key words: Electronic learning, Complex systems, Information systems, System of systems. Abstract: Systems of Information Systems (SoIS) are a class of complex systems that involve Information Systems (IS) as their constituents. To become SoIS constituents, systems should meet requirements, such as operational and managerial independence. However, several of the contemporary systems do not satisfy such requirements. In this sense, reference architectures (RA) can encapsulate these requirements and design decisions to guide architects on how to derive/evolve systems towards being able to become SoIS constituents. The educational domain is notably a relevant domain that could benefit from it. Virtual Learning environments (VLE) are often used in learning processes, but they have not been necessarily designed to be a constituent of an Educational SoIS. The main contribution of this paper is introducing a RA named ARC-SoISE (of the term in Portuguese that means Reference Architecture for a Constituent of an Educational SoIS). ARC-SoISE can support architects to derive constituents or evolve systems towards being part of a SoIS. The methodology used to create such a RA was PRoSA-RA, a state-of-the-art process to design RA. We evaluated ARC-SoISE by means of a survey with experts, one of the evaluation methods prescribed by PRoSA-RA. Results reveal that specialists considered ARC-SoISE fully or partially compliant with 92.2% of the essential criteria evaluated for a constituent to be able to contribute to the fulfillment of goals in a SoIS. |
10,361 | Please write an abstract with title: Linear power assignment and its impact on the capacity of multimedia wideband CDMA systems, and key words: Multimedia systems, Wideband, Multiaccess communication, Quality of service, Bit rate, Communication system traffic control, Power control, Convergence, Power distribution, Base stations. Abstract: When multimedia traffic is introduced into code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile networks, power should be assigned to users according to different bit rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements, so as to provide each user an acceptable connection. In this work, linear power assignment and its impact on the capacity of multimedia wideband CD MA systems are studied. It is indicated that when one cell of multimedia CDMA system is considered, and if user's requirement of QoS is given by average signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), power assignment is equivalent to finding the solution of a set of linear inequations. After the condition of the solution existence is derived and the solution is obtained, a new power assignment scheme is proposed. The numerical results show that the new scheme could enhance the system capacity and could have a more efficient utility of system resource than the conventional scheme. |
10,362 | Please write an abstract with title: DSMC/MGL comparisons of stresses on slider air bearing with nanometer spacings, and key words: Stress, Lubrication, Equations, Shearing, Monte Carlo methods, Reflection, Solid modeling, Scattering parameters, Boundary conditions, Tribology. Abstract: Pressure and shear stress distributions on the slider air-bearing surface were calculated using a molecular gas-film lubrication (MGL) equation and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method with an accommodation coefficient /spl alpha/ as a parameter, which characterizes the gas surface scattering at the boundary surfaces. As the accommodation coefficient /spl alpha/ decreases, which means that the rates of diffuse reflection at boundary surface decreases, pressures and shear stresses decrease. Both MGL analyses and DSMC results agree well with each other. |
10,363 | Please write an abstract with title: Run-Time Resource Management in CMPs Handling Multiple Aging Mechanisms, and key words: Lifetime reliability, many-core architectures, mapping, run-time resource management. Abstract: Run-time resource management is fundamental for efficient execution of workloads on Chip Multiprocessors. Application- and system-level requirements (e.g., on performance versus power versus lifetime reliability) are generally conflicting each other, and any decision on resource assignment, such as core allocation or frequency tuning, may positively affect some of them while penalizing some others. Resource assignment decisions can be perceived in few instants of time on performance and power consumption, but not on lifetime reliability. In fact, this latter changes very slowly based on the accumulation of effects of various decisions over a long time horizon. Moreover, aging mechanisms are various and have different causes; most of them, such as Electromigration (EM), are subject to temperature levels, while Thermal Cycling (TC) is caused mainly by temperature variations (both amplitude and frequency). Mitigating only EM may negatively affect TC and vice versa. We propose a resource orchestration strategy to balance the performance and power consumption constraints in the short-term and EM and TC aging in the long-term. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves the average Mean Time To Failure at least by 17% and 20% w.r.t. EM and TC, respectively, while providing same performance level of the nominal counterpart and guaranteeing the power budget. |
10,364 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of distorted flux density on three phase transformer cores assembled from high quality electrical steels, and key words: Phase distortion, Phase transformers, Transformer cores, Assembly, Steel, Magnetic cores, Permeability, Magnetic materials, Strips, Eddy currents. Abstract: Magnetic measurements are reported on 3-phase transformer cores assembled from grain oriented silicon-iron, high permeability silicon-iron and laser scribed high permeability silicon-iron. The power loss of each type of material in strip form was measured under controlled distorted magnetisation. The core built from ZDKH had the lowest loss but the deterioration of losses due to building (the building factor) was lowest in the CGO core. The building factor reached a peak in each core at about 1.3T. It was found that the uniformity of the flux distribution and the variation in incremental eddy current loss determine the building factor. At low flux density (<1.3T) the lower incremental eddy current loss of the ZDKH keeps its building factor low. At high flux density (>1.6T) the flux becomes more uniform in all the cores and their building factors drop. The ZDKH material was found to be most affected by the presence of distorted flux in single strip tests but this factor was not predominant in the built up transformers. |
10,365 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of coupling elements for wireless power transfer with primary side compensation, and key words: Couplings, Analytical models, Mechatronics, Circuit simulation, Mathematical analysis, Wireless power transfer, Circuit synthesis. Abstract: The paper deals with the detailed analysis and electromagnetic design of coupling elements for wireless power transfer with compensation realized only on the primary side. It summarizes the basic mathematical description of series-none resonance coupling and maps basic operational properties. The conclusions formulated based on mathematical analysis are verified using the time domain simulations. |
10,366 | Please write an abstract with title: Necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of Atanassov's Intuitionistic Fuzzy based additive definite integral, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Fuzzy sets, Additives, Aggregates, Conferences, Data aggregation, Tools. Abstract: Atanassov came up with an idea of the intuitionistic fuzzy set (AIFS), primarily a generalized extension of Zadeh's fuzzy set. AIFS is more supple in tackling the real world's unpredictability rather than Zadeh's fuzzy set. The researchers from various disciplines are attracted to the AIFS because of its proximity to real life. AIFS is very rich in literature in both aspects, i.e., theoretical and practical. At present, the intuitionistic fuzzy integral is a scorching issue of the AIFS. Furthermore, to aggregate and process the data, the existence of integral is compulsory. It is reasonably necessary to look that whether integral exists or not for the given data. Thus, our primary aim is to confirm the existence of a given additive definite integral (ADI). We have provided a necessary and sufficient condition to prove the existence of the given ADI. Finally, an example is fabricated for application grounds. It is shown that to aggregate a vast amount of data aggregation operator prompted from ADI is an outstanding option. |
10,367 | Please write an abstract with title: D-FRI-Honeypot: A Secure Sting Operation for Hacking the Hackers Using Dynamic Fuzzy Rule Interpolation, and key words: Interpolation, TCPIP, Computer security, Cyberattack, Principal component analysis, Honey pot (computing). Abstract: As active network defence systems, honeypots are commonly used as a decoy to inspect attackers and their attack tactics in order to improve the cybersecurity infrastructure of an organisation. A honeypot may be successful provided that it disguises its identity. However, cyberattackers continuously endeavour to discover honeypots for evading any deception and bolstering their attacks. Active fingerprinting attack is one such technique that may be used to discover honeypots by sending specially designed traffic. Preventing a fingerprinting attack is possible but doing that may hinder the process of dealing with the attackers, counteracting the purpose of a honeypot. Instead, detecting an attempted fingerprinting attack in real-time can enhance a honeypot’s capability, uninterruptedly managing any immediate consequences and preventing the honeypot being identified. Nevertheless, it is difficult to detect and predict an attempted fingerprinting attack due to the challenge of isolating it from other similar attacks, particularly when imprecise observations are involved in the monitoring of the traffic. Dynamic fuzzy rule interpolation (D-FRI) enables an adaptive approach for effective reasoning with such situations by exploiting the best of both inference and interpolation. The dynamic rules produced by D-FRI facilitate approximate reasoning with perpetual changes that often occur in this type of application, where dynamic rules are required to cover new network conditions. This paper proposes a D-FRI-Honeypot, an enhanced honeypot running D-FRI framework in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis, to detect and predict an attempted fingerprinting attack on honeypots. This D-FRI-Honeypot works with a sparse rule base but is able to detect active fingerprinting attacks when it does not find any matching rules. Also, it learns from current network conditions and offers a dynamically enriched rule base to support more precise detection. This D-FRI-Honeypot is tested against five popular fingerprinting tools (namely, Nmap, Xprobe2, NetScanTools Pro, SinFP3 and Nessus), to demonstrate its successful applications. |
10,368 | Please write an abstract with title: A statistical approach for automatic kidneys detection, and key words: Abdomen, Computed tomography, Image retrieval, Shape, Image segmentation, Pixel, Biomedical imaging, Medical diagnostic imaging, Testing, Content based retrieval. Abstract: The problem we address in this paper is an automatic detection of kidneys with cysts in abdominal 2D computed tomography images. Identifying abdominal organs is a key step in medical image retrieval application. However, due to gray levels similarities of adjacent organs, contrast media effect, and relatively high variation of organ's positions and shapes, automatically identifying abdominal organs has always been a high challenging task. In this paper, we present an original method, in a statistical framework, for fully automatic kidneys detection. The method is tested on over 400 clinically acquired images and very promising results were obtained. |
10,369 | Please write an abstract with title: Recovery of underwater visibility and structure by polarization analysis, and key words: Degradation, Computer vision, Layout, Optical polarization, Image analysis, Lighting, Image enhancement, Colored noise, Color, Inverse problems. Abstract: Underwater imaging is important for scientific research and technology as well as for popular activities, yet it is plagued by poor visibility conditions. In this paper, we present a computer vision approach that removes degradation effects in underwater vision. We analyze the physical effects of visibility degradation. It is shown that the main degradation effects can be associated with partial polarization of light. Then, an algorithm is presented, which inverts the image formation process for recovering good visibility in images of scenes. The algorithm is based on a couple of images taken through a polarizer at different orientations. As a by-product, a distance map of the scene is also derived. In addition, this paper analyzes the noise sensitivity of the recovery. We successfully demonstrated our approach in experiments conducted in the sea. Great improvements of scene contrast and color correction were obtained, nearly doubling the underwater visibility range. |
10,370 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on Quantum Key Distribution Satellite Communications, and key words: satellite, free space, quantum key distribution, quantum cryptography. Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication technique which uses quantum mechanics to protect communications. To overcome large distances, it requires the use of quantum repeaters, which are still challenging nevertheless feasible, or Twin-Field-QKD (TF-QKD) technology, which has been demonstrated several years ago. As it develops and matures, quantum technology is expected to play an increasingly major role in networks. Satellite QKD enables secure communication between devices via both satellites and ground stations. The study explores the transmission of quantum encryption technology in space and presents an overview of cubesats and satellites that currently use quantum key distribution (QKD) technology. |
10,371 | Please write an abstract with title: POLICRYPS switchable holographic grating: a promising grating electro-optical pixel for high resolution display application, and key words: Gratings, Holography, Liquid crystal displays, Liquid crystal polymers, Holographic optical components, Polymer films, Optical films, Curing, Optical scattering, Optical diffraction. Abstract: POLICRYPS, an acronym of POlymer LIquid CRYstal Polymer Slices, is a structure made of perfectly aligned liquid crystal films separated by slices of almost pure polymer. Under suitable experimental and geometrical conditions, the structure is obtained by curing a homogeneous syrup of liquid crystal, monomer and curing agent molecules with a spatially modulated pattern of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. From an optical point of view, POLICRYPS is a holographic diffraction grating with a spatial periodicity that can be easily made of sub-micrometric scale, exhibiting diffraction efficiency values as high as 98%. Depending on the used geometry, the POLICRYPS grating can be utilized both in transmission or reflection, with negligible scattering losses, and can be switched ON and OFF by application of an external electric field of the order of few V//spl mu/m. In this paper, we review: 1) the "recipe" to fabricate POLICRYPS holographic gratings, along with their main optical and electro-optical properties; 2) a chemical-diffusive model that, taking into account sample temperature and intensity of the curing radiation, indicates the best conditions to fabricate these gratings; 3) a Kogelnik-like model that accounts for the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on material parameters, sample temperature, and applied electric field. Finally, we discuss the possibility of utilizing a micrometric sized POLICRYPS grating as a Grating Electro-Optical Pixel for high resolution display application. |
10,372 | Please write an abstract with title: An informed operator approach to tackle diversity constraints in evolutionary search, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Information technology, Space technology, Benchmark testing, Evolutionary computation, State-space methods, Encoding. Abstract: As the evolutionary search progresses, it is important to avoid reaching a state where the genetic operators can no longer produce superior offspring, prematurely. This is likely to occur when the search space reaches a homogeneous or near-homogeneous configuration converging to a local optimal solution. Maintaining a certain degree of population diversity is widely believed to help curb this problem. The proposed technique presented here, uses informed genetic operations to reach promising, but un/under-explored areas of the search space, while discouraging local convergence. Elitism is used at a different level aiming at convergence. The proposed technique's improved performance in terms solution precision and convergence characteristics is observed on a number of benchmark test functions with a genetic algorithm (GA) implementation. |
10,373 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust static output feedback based ILC design with finite frequency specifications for batch processes with time-varying uncertainties, and key words: Batch production systems, Uncertainty, Symmetric matrices, Linear matrix inequalities, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency control. Abstract: For industrial batch processes with time-varying uncertainties, a robust output feedback based iterative learning control (ILC) design is proposed by introducing finite frequency specifications, based on only the output measurement. The integral of output tracking error in the time domain is incorporated into the ILC updating law to improve the tracking performance from batch to batch. Based on the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov lemma, robust stability of the resulting closed-loop ILC system along both time and batch directions is analyzed in the repetitive system framework. The corresponding ILC law can be determined from the established tractable linear matrix inequality conditions. Moreover, it is shown that the obtained stability condition can also guarantee the bounded output tracking error and system input in the presence of time- and/or batch-varying uncertainties. An illustrative example from the literature is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design. |
10,374 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Falcon on ARMv8, and key words: Security, Software, Neon, Engines, Optimization, Cryptography, Software algorithms. Abstract: Falcon is one of the promising digital-signature algorithms in NIST’s ongoing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization finalist. Computational efficiency regarding software and hardware is also the main criteria for PQC standardization. In this paper, we present an efficient Falcon software implementation on ARMv8 environment. Until now, most of the software optimization on PQC algorithms have been conducted on 32-bit ARM (Cortex-M4) and typical CPUs (Intel and AMD CPUs). However, ARMv8 including Cortex-A30, 50, and 70 series have been widely used for various IoT (Internet of Things) applications, Edge computing devices, and OBUs (On Board Units) in autonomous driving cars. For optimizing the performance of Falcon, we take full advantage of NEON engine which is a kind of parallel processing unit in ARMv8 MCU. The main computation in Falcon belongs to polynomial multiplications in Complex number domain and Integer domain. Typically, FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation)-based multiplication method and NTT (Number Theoriteic Transform)-based multiplication method have been widely used for efficient polynomial multiplications in Complex number domain and Integer domain, respectively. Thus, in order to enhance the overall performance of Falcon, we improve the FFT-based multiplication method and NTT-based multiplication method by utilizing NEON engine in ARMv8. Specifically, we parallelize the overall process (FFT/NTT transformation, pointwise multiplication, and inverse FFT/NTT transformation) of FFT-based polynomial multiplication method and NTT-based polynomial multiplication method with strategically utilizing the NEON engine and vector instructions. Furthermore, we minimize the number of redundant memory accesses during FFT/NTT-based polynomial multiplication by making the most of available registers in NEON engine. Through the proposed parallel FFT/NTT-based polynomial multiplications, the proposed Falcon software provides 15.1% (resp. 18.1%), 16.5% (resp. 17.1%), and 65.4% (resp. 69.4%) of performance improvement in keypair generation, signing, and verification at security level 1 (resp. 5) compared with the reference Falcon implementation submitted to the final round of NIST PQC competition. Furthermore, as far as we know, this is the first optimized implementation of Falcon on ARMv8 environment. |
10,375 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Cloud Computing Algorithm for Arrhythmia Detection, and key words: Cloud computing, Correlation, Databases, Electrocardiography, Heart rate variability, Standards, Testing. Abstract: Cardiovascular disease in Indonesia has become one of the leading causes of death after complications from stroke and diabetes. Therefore, early detection of heart disease is important. Heart abnormalities can be detected using an electrocardiogram device. General electrocardiogram limits the patient’s mobility due to being wired with the instrument. The existence of an electrocardiogram with smart devices that can support cardiac arrhythmia detection is an innovation expected to improve patient comfort. The purpose of this study is to apply the principle of tele-cardiology that can be used for detecting cardiac abnormalities and to classify electrocardiogram data via cloud computing by implementing the developed Pan-Tompkins and Kim-Lee algorithm. In this research, we use a dedicated server after it was proven to be able to run in localhost and Node JS as the runtime-environment for running the application. The test datasets that have been chosen are from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database with 48 different recordings and Normal Sinus Rhythm Database with 18 different recordings for the Heart Rate Variability parameters to be extracted which are average heart rate, the standard deviation of average heart rate and root mean square of the average heart rate. Using linear regression method and testing with a 95% confidence interval, it is found that there is a significant correlation between heart rate variability increase and cardiac arrhythmia case where the value of the standard deviation of average heart rate being the most significant (α < 0.05). With this technology, it is expected to improve efficiency in proving cardiac arrhythmia and heart disease remotely. |
10,376 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved theory for microstrip antennas and applications, and key words: Microstrip antennas, Antenna theory, Dielectric losses, Copper, Antenna feeds, Pattern analysis, Antenna measurements, Dielectric measurements, Impedance measurement, Polarization. Abstract: An improvement to a recently reported theory for the analysis of the pattern and impedance loci of microstrip antennas is developed. It yields a theory which is simple and inexpensive to apply. The fields in the interior of the antennas are characterized in terms of a discrete set of modes. The poles corresponding to these modes are complex and depend on the losses in the antenna. The representation of the fields in terms of these modes is rigorous only for a bona fide cavity with no copper loss. The proper shift in the complex poles due to the addition of copper and radiative losses is approximated by lumping the latter two together with the dielectric loss to form an effective loss tangent. By so doing, it is found that the resulting expressions for impedance of the microstrip antenna are in good agreement with measured results for all modes and feed locations. The theory is applied to the evaluation of impedance variation with feed location, to multiport analysis, and to the design of circularly polarized microstrip antennas. |
10,377 | Please write an abstract with title: Cloud-Edge Hosted Digital Twins for Coordinated Control of Distributed Energy Resources, and key words: Real-time systems, Cloud computing, Frequency control, Renewable energy sources, Power systems, Low-carbon economy, Digital twins. Abstract: This article presents a novel approach for realizing coordinated control of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) based on cloud-hosted and edge-hosted digital twins (DTs) of DERs. DERs are playing an increasingly important role in supporting the frequency regulation of power systems with massive integration of renewable resources. However, due to the significant differences in DERs’ capability and characteristics, individual and un-coordinated responses from DERs could lead to a less effective overall response with undesirable traits, e.g., slow response, severe overshoots, etc. Therefore, the coordination of DERs is critical to ensure the desirable aggregated overall response. A major shortcoming of conventional centralized or distributed approaches is their significant reliance on real-time communications. This article addresses the challenges by the application of DTs that can be hosted in the cloud for the centralized control approach and the edge for the distributed approach to minimize the need for real-time communications, while being able to achieve the overall coordination among DERs. The proposed DT-based coordinated control is validated using a realistic real-time simulation test setup, and the results demonstrate that the DT-based coordinated control can significantly improve the aggregated DERs’ response, thus offering effective support to the grid during contingency events. |
10,378 | Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic control of bilinear systems: the optimal quadratic controller, and key words: Optimal control, Control systems, Stochastic systems, Nonlinear systems, Indium tin oxide, Equations, Feedback control, State estimation, Filters, Open loop systems. Abstract: For a bilinear stochastic system described by Ito equations, the following problem is considered: find the optimal feedback control law in a class of quadratic controllers. The optimality criterion is the classical quadratic one for a fixed-interval state-regulation problem. It will be shown that the solution is a linear map of optimal-quadratic state estimate. The latter is obtained by adapting to the present feedback-control case the quadratic filter for bilinear systems, which is available in literature for the case of an open-loop system. The matrix function that solves the suboptimal quadratic-feedback control problem results in the same one of the suboptimal linear-feedback case. |
10,379 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Fault Tolerant Flux Switching Memory Machine with Highly Flux-Controllability, and key words: Magnetic flux, Torque, Magnetic cores, Switches, Magnetic hysteresis, Thermal management, Regulation. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel flux switching memory machine (FSMM) in which low coercive force (LCF) magnets are alternatively arranged between adjacent U-shape stator cores. The proposed machine exhibits superiority in flexible online flux regulation capability, large flux regulation range, robust structure and inherent advantage for avoiding uncontrolled generator fault (UGF). Meanwhile, the excitation losses can be almost eliminated since the LCF magnets can be remagnetized or demagnetized by a current pulse of a few milliseconds. The demagnetization risk is avoided due to the parallel pattern between PM flux and armature reaction flux. In addition, the FSMM benefits from a simple and robust salient rotor and easy thermal management as a result. Subsequently, the machine structure and operation principle are illustrated. The stator slot-rotor pole combinations are analyzed. The comprehensive electromagnetic performances are evaluated. |
10,380 | Please write an abstract with title: Steady-state thermal analysis simulation of magnetic holding relay contact based on Finite element analysis, and key words: Relays, Surface resistance, Contact resistance, Thermal analysis, Resistance heating, Analytical models. Abstract: In this paper, ANSYS Workbench software is used to perform steady-state thermal analysis of a magnetic holding relay. The solid model of the magnetic holding relay is established and the contact surface part is simplified. At the same time, the internal heat source and boundary conditions are established and the corresponding load is applied. The distribution of Joule heat generated between the contact surfaces when the contact surface changes with the current level after repeated short-time work. At the same time, the idea of equivalent point contact is used to obtain the contact resistance between the contact surface of the contact and its relationship with the current level, which provides design and optimization basis for subsequent research on the magnetically held relay contact portion. |
10,381 | Please write an abstract with title: Space-time isosurface evolution for temporally coherent 3D reconstruction, and key words: Isosurfaces, Layout, Image reconstruction, Geometry, Surface reconstruction, Solid modeling, Level set, Rendering (computer graphics), Video sequences, Equations. Abstract: We model the dynamic geometry of a time-varying scene as a 3D isosurface in space-time. The intersection of the isosurface with planes of constant time yields the geometry at a single time instant. An optimal fit of our model to multiple video sequences is defined as the minimum of an energy functional. This functional is given by an integral over the entire hypersurface, which is designed to optimize photo-consistency. A PDE-based evolution derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation maximizes consistency with all of the given video data simultaneously. The result is a 3D model of the scene which varies smoothly over time. The geometry reconstructed by this scheme is significantly better than results obtained by space-carving approaches that do not enforce temporal coherence. |
10,382 | Please write an abstract with title: Slot Bow-Tie Antenna Integration in an Enhanced Flip-Chip QFN Package for WR8 and WR5 Band Applications, and key words: Microwave antennas, Radio frequency, Semiconductor device measurement, Slot antennas, Conferences, Bandwidth, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: Antenna-in-package integration is one of the vital research elements enabling the realization of future mm-wave front-end modules. This paper discusses the design, modeling and simulation of a slot bow-tie antenna integrated in an innovative flip-chip enhanced QFN package for WR8 (90GHz-140GHz) and WR5 (140GHz-220GHz) frequency application bands. Additionally, this work addresses the designs, models, and simulated data of chip-to-package transitions, transmission line feeds for the antenna. The integrated antennas have a -10dB bandwidth of 46GHz and 80GHz and a peak gain of approximately 7.1dBi and 8.45dBi in WR8 and WR5 bands. Finally, a brief description of the test vehicle for measurement is also presented. |
10,383 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Influence of Factors on Flight Delays in the United States Using the Construction of a Mathematical Model and Regression Analysis, and key words: Histograms, Analytical models, Correlation, Transportation, Predictive models, Mathematical models, Delays. Abstract: The paper complied and structured data to construct a correlation model. The reasons for flight delays and cancellations between 2009 from 2019 are examined, based on the statistical electronic source "Bureau of Transportation Statistics". The normalized data are calculated from the primary data. Based on the data collected, a primary histogram was constructed (outliers were not checked). In addition, significant and weak influencing factors have been identified for the constructing of a correlation table, this table helps to identify an additional factor influencing a flight delay or cancellation. Based on the data from the table, a new histogram was built and a correlation table was constructed, allowing regression analysis to be started. At the beginning of the regression analysis, regression statistics are used and an analysis of variance is performed, then the regression analysis is performed directly and the results of the regression are summed up. Based on the summed-up results, a histogram was built, which takes into account all the statistics and calculations, showing the predicted number of delays or cancellations of flights and their actual number. |
10,384 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Social Distancing Through the Probabilistic Weiss Equation: It is the Wind Velocity a Relevant Factor?, and key words: Wind speed, COVID-19, Human factors, Viruses (medical), Stochastic processes, Aerosols, Time-frequency analysis. Abstract: From the probabilistic Weiss equation, various relations involving the distance, wind velocity and number of people both healthy and infected, the critic distances that might be critic to transmit any virus strain, are calculated. The present approach considers as main criterion that the outdoor infection is a random event that depends of a plethora of variables and free parameters. We project the present theoretical proposal to the current Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic by which is established that people must keep a social distance ranging between 1.5m and 2.0m in order to avoid contact with aerosol. In this paper stochastic and deterministic equations are proposed as well as hybrid relationships that would explain facts in the action of outdoor infection. In this manner virus can be transmitted in a radius of 2m for a wind velocity of 10m/s. |
10,385 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-User Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Communications Under Discrete Phase Shifts, and key words: Wireless communication, NOMA, Time division multiple access, Array signal processing, Frequency division multiaccess, Optimization methods, Phase control. Abstract: This paper focuses on studying orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided systems. Unlike most prior works assuming continuous phase shifts, we employ the practical setup where only a finite number of discrete phase shifts are available. To maximize the sum rate, active beamforming and discrete reflection need to be jointly optimized. We therefore propose an alternative optimization method to get the optimal continuous phase shifts iteratively, and then quantize each phase shift to its nearest discrete value. The sum-rate maximization of different schemes is theoretically analyzed and numerically evaluated with different numbers of phase-control bits. |
10,386 | Please write an abstract with title: DNA integrity invitro study of human peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields using comet assay, and key words: DNA, Humans, White blood cells, Electromagnetic fields, Coils, Ground penetrating radar, Geophysical measurement techniques, Temperature, Assembly, Ammeters. Abstract: Exposure to extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of various intensities is ubiquitous in both domestic and occupational environments. There is a concern over the possibilities that exposure to EMFs might affect the process of carcinogenesis. Controversial information is available on the effect of EMFs on DNA integrity. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the invitro effects of ELF-EMFs of varying flux densities (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mT at 50 Hz) on DNA integrity in human peripheral blood leukocytes using comet assay. All exposures were given at 37/spl deg/C (i.e., human body temperature). The experimental setup to produce the EMF consisted of an assembly of a dimmerstat, transformer, ammeter and air-cored coils to provide the desired field intensity at the seat of the blood samples. One set of coils was shielded against external, stray electromagnetic fields by housing the set of coils in a mu-metal (extremely-high-relative permeability magnetic material) box. Four types of exposures were studied simultaneously: (1) EMF exposure, samples shielded inside mu-metal box, placed in an incubator; (2) EMF exposure, samples not shielded, arranged inside the same incubator; (3) no EMF exposure, samples not shielded, but placed in dummy coils inside another incubator, and (4) no EMF exposure, no shielding, no dummy coils, but samples placed in a thermos containing water maintained at 37/spl deg/C. In addition, one set of samples was processed immediately after collection without any treatment. Heparin zed peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 adult males in the age group of 20-24 years. The subjects were non-smokers and non-drinkers of alcohol. Their leukocytes were processed by comet assay in the above mentioned treatments and controls. 100 cells per treatment were scored for comet tail-length which is an estimate of DNA damage. DNA damage increased with exposure dose. The results are similar to our earlier studies. Moreover, DNA damage had the following trend according to the types of exposures mentioned above: non-shielded exposed inside incubator>shielded exposed inside incubator>non-shielded non-exposed inside incubator>non-shielded non-exposed inside thermos>control. |
10,387 | Please write an abstract with title: Unitarization and Inversion Formula for the Radon Transform for Hyperbolic Motions, and key words: Transforms. Abstract: Following the version of Helgason's approach considered in [1] based on intertwining properties for irreducible quasi-regular representations, we construct the Radon transform associated to the group of hyperbolic motions of the plane and we obtain a unitarization result and an inversion formula for this Radon transform. |
10,388 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Spinning Disk System for Charging Tendency of Ester-Based TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofluids Along With its Interfacial Zone, and key words: Fluids, Spinning, Nanoparticles, Nanofluidics, Ions, Dielectric liquids, Surfactants. Abstract: This article reports the static electrification of ester nanofluids for its use in transformers adopting the spinning disk model. The results show that the streaming current is higher for the nanofluid involving surfactant compared to its effect without surfactant. The streaming current observed is negative at the fluid–metal interface and positive at the fluid/pressboard interface. The streamline pattern along with surface velocity magnitude is simulated under different disk velocities using COMSOL and the convection current model is formulated for the identification of streaming current. The mass transfer rate with surfactant-based nanofluid shows a shift from transport regime to reaction limited regime at higher Reynolds number. Furthermore, the interfacial zone of nanofluids is discussed for the streaming behavior considering its influence with the addition of benzotriazole (BTA). |
10,389 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Improvement of the Effect of Distributed Parasitic Capacitance on High-Frequency High-Density Three-Phase Buck Rectifier, and key words: Switches, Rectifiers, Legged locomotion, Capacitance, High frequency, Bridge circuits, Pulse width modulation. Abstract: For high-density three-phase buck rectifier (3ph-BR), such as a standard full-brick size 3ph-BR, there exist obvious parasitic capacitances distributed between its dc-link output and the system ground, which lead to low-frequency distortion of input currents, and thus, serious deterioration of the input current total harmonics distortion (THD). The effect of the distributed parasitic capacitances becomes more obvious for the 3ph-BR under light load conditions. To improve the input current quality of the high-density 3ph-BR, a modified 3ph-BR is introduced in this article. The modified 3ph-BR has one low-frequency current path which realizes power transfer from ac input to dc output, and two high-frequency current paths which provide low-impedance path for high-frequency currents. The high-frequency current caused by the parasitic capacitance distributed between the dc-link output and the system ground circulates internally, rather than flow to the ac input side. Thus, input current THD of the modified 3ph-BR can be reduced. A 1-kW experimental prototype of the modified 3ph-BR with 200 kHz switching frequency and standard full-brick size is built to verify the analysis results. |
10,390 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cordic-based Acceleration Method On FPGA For CNN Normalization layer, and key words: Quantization (signal), Convolution, IP networks, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: This paper studies the accelerated method used by FPGA to implement the Alexnet Normalization layer, a classic network of the classical network. This paper uses Cordic algorithm to implement basic operations such as division, exponential function, square root function, etc, combining with the characteristics of FPGA to consume floating-point operation resources. This paper analyzes the errors generated by the different digits of data after quantization and fixed-point input of the layer to determine the final data bit width. Vivado 2018.1 is used for the realization and simulation environment of this paper. The bit width is selected to meet the design requirements and save resources as much as possible. After reducing the bit width, the relative error is controlled below 0.02 and the Normalization layer is completed in 51.5 cycles in the calculation of the spatial position (x, y) unit. The final result relative error is controlled below 0.015 by using the method which greatly improves the calculation speed of the Norma- lization layer. |
10,391 | Please write an abstract with title: Stimulated Non-Collinear Intersubband Polariton-Polariton Scattering in a Dispersive Multi-THz Microcavity, and key words: Reflectivity, Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Stationary state, Scattering, Polaritons, Microcavities. Abstract: Non-collinear pump-probe spectroscopy with phase-stable multi-THz pulses reveals the ultrafast scattering dynamics of intersubband polaritons in a dispersive microcavity. For resonant excitation of the lower polariton at a finite in-plane momentum, $k_{||}$, a narrowband maximum emerges in the probe reflectivity at the polaritonic ground state at $k_{||}=0$. A quantum mechanical model reproduces the experimental key results quantitatively and confirms the underlying microscopic process as stimulated polariton-polariton scattering. These results are an important milestone on the way to bosonic lasing in custom tailored polaritonic systems in the multi-THz and THz spectral regions. |
10,392 | Please write an abstract with title: Architecture of a field-programmable VLSI processor using memory-based cells, and key words: Very large scale integration, Switches, Field programmable gate arrays, Programmable logic arrays, Delay, Table lookup, Shift registers, Computer architecture, Vehicle safety, Art. Abstract: This paper presents a field programmable VLSI based on a two-dimensional cell array and bit-serial architecture. Bit-serial architecture achieves high utilized ratio irrespective of the word length. Moreover, based on the regular data flow of bit-serial architecture, a lookup table implemented using a shift register is proposed for th cell. One of the arithmetic/logic, memory and control functions is selected in a cell. As a result, area of the cell is reduced. |
10,393 | Please write an abstract with title: PCVD: A technique suitable for large-scale fabrication of optical fibers, and key words: Large-scale systems, Optical device fabrication, Optical fibers, Plasma chemistry, Plasma properties, Plasma materials processing, Chemical vapor deposition, Pulp manufacturing, Reproducibility of results, Productivity. Abstract: This paper reviews the 'state of the art' of plasma activated chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) as a manufacturing technique for high-quality optical fibers. It includes a compilation of the features inherent to PCVD, a presentation of recent results with respect to the optical properties, and the reproducibility as well as productivity and a discussion on future aspects of PCVD. |
10,394 | Please write an abstract with title: Memory Approximate Message Passing, and key words: Linear systems, Damping, Interference suppression, Matched filters, Estimation error, Message passing, Transforms. Abstract: Approximate message passing (AMP) is a low-cost iterative parameter-estimation technique for certain high-dimensional linear systems with non-Gaussian distributions. However, AMP only applies to independent identically distributed (IID) transform matrices, but may become unreliable for other matrix ensembles, especially for ill-conditioned ones. To handle this difficulty, orthogonal/vector AMP (OAMP/VAMP) was proposed for general right-unitarily-invariant matrices. However, the Bayes-optimal OAMP/VAMP requires high-complexity linear minimum mean square error estimator. To solve the disadvantages of AMP and OAMP/VAMP, this paper proposes a memory AMP (MAMP), in which a long-memory matched filter is proposed for interference suppression. The complexity of MAMP is comparable to AMP. The asymptotic Gaussianity of estimation errors in MAMP is guaranteed by the orthogonality principle. A state evolution is derived to asymptotically characterize the performance of MAMP. Based on the state evolution, the relaxation parameters and damping vector in MAMP are optimized. For all right-unitarily-invariant matrices, the optimized MAMP converges to OAMP/VAMP, and thus is Bayes-optimal if it has a unique fixed point. Finally, simulations are provided to verify the validity and accuracy of the theoretical results. |
10,395 | Please write an abstract with title: Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Aero-Engine Based on LSTM and CNN, and key words: Learning systems, Neural networks, Convolutional neural networks, Long short term memory. Abstract: Data-driven Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction for aero-engine has evolved rapidly in recent years. Especially, deep learning-based methods like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) have achieved excellent results. However, there is still limited study to identify the effect on network performance from the number of convolutional layers, LSTM layers and their combination structure. Therefore, the optimal number of convolutional layers and LSTM layers was first determined for CNN and LSTM respectively in this paper. A combined network CNN-LSTM was then constructed. Three kinds of deep networks (CNN, LSTM and CNN-LSTM) were compared on aero-engine RUL prediction. Experimental results on the C-MAPSS dataset indicated that LSTM with 2 dense layers achieved the highest prediction accuracy. |
10,396 | Please write an abstract with title: Switched-capacitor body-biasing technique for very low voltage CMOS amplifiers, and key words: Low voltage, Differential amplifiers, Tail, CMOS technology, Transconductance, Switched capacitor networks, Feedback control, Batteries, Energy consumption, Dynamic range. Abstract: A biasing scheme for minimum supply CMOS amplifiers is presented. The approach exploits the bulk terminals to set the quiescent current of a pseudo differential amplifier, thereby avoiding the use of the tail current source. Nonideal effects of the switched-capacitor network used in the feedback control loop are also theoretically examined. Transistor-level simulations on a design powered with 0.7V show that the obtained performance is comparable to that of a traditional differential pair supplied with 1V. |
10,397 | Please write an abstract with title: Big Data and Machine Learning in Healthcare: Tools & Challenges, and key words: Industries, Machine learning algorithms, Medical services, Machine learning, Big Data, Prediction algorithms, Data mining. Abstract: Normally healthcare is said to be information rich and to extract hidden data from such information-rich industry is difficult. It becomes necessary for healthcare informatics to deal with the advancement in technology and big data. This can be done by changing three core areas namely, to manage record electronically, integrate big data and computer-aided diagnosis. To resolve the mentioned challenges machine learning provides a range of techniques, algorithm, and different frameworks. This paper focuses on handling big data of health care to predict disease using machine leaning approaches. |
10,398 | Please write an abstract with title: ReSprop: Reuse Sparsified Backpropagation, and key words: Training, Convolution, Acceleration, Convolutional neural networks, Hardware, Convergence, Correlation. Abstract: The success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in various applications is accompanied by a significant increase in computation and training time. In this work, we focus on accelerating training by observing that about 90% of gradients are reusable during training. Leveraging this observation, we propose a new algorithm, Reuse-Sparse-Backprop (ReSprop), as a method to sparsify gradient vectors during CNN training. ReSprop maintains state-of-the-art accuracy on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets with less than 1.1% accuracy loss while enabling a reduction in back-propagation computations by a factor of 10x resulting in a 2.7x overall speedup in training. As the computation reduction introduced by Re-Sprop is accomplished by introducing fine-grained sparsity that reduces computation efficiency on GPUs, we introduce a generic sparse convolution neural network accelerator (GSCN), which is designed to accelerate sparse back-propagation convolutions. When combined with ReSprop, GSCN achieves 8.0x and 7.2x speedup in the backward pass on ResNet34 and VGG16 versus a GTX 1080 Ti GPU. |
10,399 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal analysis of high power red light emitting diodes, and key words: Temperature measurement, Silicon compounds, Voltage measurement, Thermal resistance, Thermal engineering, Light emitting diodes, Thermal analysis. Abstract: In the 21st century, LEDs have been widely used in various fields, but due to the low external quantum efficiency, the junction temperature of LEDs is easily increased, and the increase in temperature will have a serious impact on the performance parameters of LEDs. Therefore, The research on the junction temperature and thermal resistance of LEDs is crucial for optimizing the performance of LEDs and improving luminous efficiency. In this paper, the forward voltage method is used to measure and calculate the junction temperature and thermal resistance of red LEDs. The junction temperature and thermal resistance of the LED were measured under the conditions of thermal silica gel and non-thermal silica gel with different heating currents. The result shows that the thermal silica gel can fill the gap between the LED and the constant temperature bath, reduce the generation of thermal resistance. The junction temperature and thermal resistance of the red LEDs increase with the increase of the driving current. |
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