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10,900 | Please write an abstract with title: The Riemannian geometry of certain parameter estimation problems with singular Fisher information matrices, and key words: Information geometry, Parameter estimation, Geophysics computing, Probability density function, Density measurement, Quantum cellular automata, Contracts, Covariance matrix. Abstract: Many parametric statistical models suffer from "intrinsic ambiguities" in the sense that the distribution of the observation vector is invariant to smooth, structured changes in the model's parameters. The fact that certain members of the parametric statistical family are locally indistinguishable makes the Fisher information matrix (FIM) associated with the given statistical model singular. We examine such degenerate deterministic parameter estimation problems from a Riemannian geometric perspective. We start by replacing the original (ambiguous) parameter set by a lower-dimensional Riemannian (non-ambiguous) parameter set. The new parameter set comes in the form of a quotient space and is obtained by identifying equivalent family members in the initial parameterization. We specialize recently developed extensions of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the Riemannian setup to this particular setting. This offers a re-interpretation of the CRB inequality involving the pseudo-inverse of the FIM. Also, we present a lower bound on the variance (computed with respect to the geodesic distance) of unbiased estimators taking values in the quotient space. Geometrically, this corresponds to a fundamental limit on the capability of these estimators in discriminating adjacent parameter equivalence classes in the original problem parameterization. A numerical example involving the blind identification of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channels driven by a Gaussian source is worked out. |
10,901 | Please write an abstract with title: Justifying the Dependability and Security of Business-Critical Blockchain-based Applications, and key words: Industries, Distributed ledger, Fabrics, Blockchains, Safety, Security, Standards. Abstract: In the industry, blockchains are increasingly used as the backbone of product and process traceability. Blockchain-based traceability participates in the demonstration of product and/or process compliance with existing safety standards or quality criteria. In this perspective, services and applications built on top of blockchains are business-critical applications, because an intended failure or corruption of the system can lead to an important reputation loss regarding the products or the processes involved. The development of a blockchain-based business-critical application must be then conducted carefully, requiring a thorough justification of its dependability and security. To this end, this paper encourages an engineering perspective rooted in well-understood tools and concepts borrowed from the engineering of safety-critical systems. Concretely, we use a justification frame-work, called CAE (Claim, Argument, Evidence), by following an approach based on assurance cases, in order to provide convincing arguments that a business-critical blockchain-based application is dependable and secure. The application of this approach is sketched with a case study based on the blockchain HYPERLEDGER FABRIC. |
10,902 | Please write an abstract with title: A partitioning and storage based built-in test pattern generation method for delay faults in scan circuits, and key words: Built-in self-test, Test pattern generators, Delay, Circuit faults, Circuit testing, Cities and towns, Combinational circuits, Flip-flops, Electrical fault detection, Fault detection. Abstract: We describe a built-in test pattern generation method for delay faults in scan circuits based on partitioning and storage of test sets. Under this method, a precomputed test set is partitioned into several sets containing values of primary inputs or state variables. The on-chip test set is obtained by implementing the Cartesian product of the stored sets. The sizes of the sets are minimized before they are stored on-chip in order to reduce the storage requirements and the test application time. The delay fault model we consider is the transition fault model. |
10,903 | Please write an abstract with title: An experimental evaluation of continuous semantic zooming in program, and key words: Visualization, Programming profession, Electronic mail, Testing, High performance computing, Psychology, Chromium, User interfaces, Programming environments, Humans. Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experiment aimed at investigating how different methods of viewing visual programs affect users' understanding. The first two methods used traditional flat and semantic zooming models of program representation; the third is a new representation that uses semantic zooming combined with blending and proximity. The results of several search tasks performed by approximately 80 participants showed that the new method resulted in both faster and more accurate searches than the other methods. |
10,904 | Please write an abstract with title: High frequency inductance measurements and performance projections made for cusp-field single pole heads, and key words: Inductance measurement, Magnetic heads, Frequency response, Disk drives, Electronics industry, Delay, Industrial electronics, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Disk recording, Thermal stability. Abstract: As the rigid disk drive industry has progressed to higher RPM to improve access times via latency reduction, the need for higher performance write and read channel electronics as well as heads has arisen. It appears that perpendicular recording is becoming a next generation candidate as a result of its advantage over longitudinal recording in the area of thermal stability. It is the ultimate frequency response of the head impedance that we wish to explore in this paper and measurements of the high frequency inductance can be used to provide considerable insight into the potential performance of recording heads. The cusp-field single pole head has several unique features that make it worthy of study. This paper is based upon the experimental procedure of first characterizing the head alone followed by the inclusion of the medium and its underlayer. Finally, frequency response comparisons are made between a commercial longitudinal recording head and several low turn cusp-field heads. The conclusions provide a practical bit rate limit for the cusp-field head based on the modeling results, experimental high frequency inductance data, and spin reversal. |
10,905 | Please write an abstract with title: State Estimation of Combined Heat and Power Systems Considering Thermal Dynamics and Different Time-Scale Measurements, and key words: Temperature measurement, Couplings, Power measurement, Cogeneration, Power system dynamics, Pipelines, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: Sate estimation is required to obtain sense the operating state accurately. Aiming at the problem of dynamic process of thermal system and measurement scale difference of thermal and power system, a method of state estimation of combined heat and power system (CHPS) is proposed. To solve the problem of the great difference in response time and rate of change between thermal system and power system, the difference equation is introduced to describe the transient process of thermal system. Considering that the two networks have different measurement frequencies, the more accurate measurement data of power system at the CHPS coupling is used to obtain the accurate data in the interval of heating network measurement. The data of the boundary of the thermal system is calculated through the coupling constraint equation in the CHPS, which is used as pseudo-measurement to obtain better state estimation effect. The data obtained by the above methods are fused with the measurement data of the thermal system to improve the data accuracy. It is beneficial to improve the effect of real-time scheduling when introducing the calculation of pipeline storage capacity into consideration, so the pseudo-measurement and dynamic models are used to calculate pipeline storage. Simulation results show that the state estimation accuracy of these methods are better than that of the steady-state model and the traditional pseudo-measurement generation method. |
10,906 | Please write an abstract with title: A Database Interface for an Integrated CAD System, and key words: Design automation, Spatial databases, Very large scale integration, Educational institutions, Circuits, Laboratories, Monitoring, Logic design, Protection, Communication system security. Abstract: In this paper, an integrated CAD system built around the database COSMIC is briefly introduced, then the COSMIC interface is described in some details. COSMIC is a multi-user, multi-base system, able to take into account multi-level circuit representations, such as functional, logical, symbolic or layout descriptions, as well as connectivity notions at both logical and geometric levels. It also includes protection and security facilities, management of propagation of changes through the design, and mechanisms of communication between databases that allow a team of designers to work in parallel on the same circuit. |
10,907 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacity Analysis of Cooperative NOMA-OAM-MIMO Based Full-Duplex Relaying for 6G, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Wireless communication, Multiplexing, NOMA, Channel capacity, Simulation, Orbits. Abstract: A cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) system and an orbital angular momentum (OAM) -based multiple-input multiple-output multiplexing system is proposed as full-duplex relaying (referred to as CNOMF) by the cell center user to the cell edge user in this letter. The proposed CNOMF scheme can significantly improve the capacity of cell edge user and sum channel capacity via user-assisted decode and forward based full-duplex relaying by utilizing different ranges of OAM modes for a 6G (Sixth generation) wireless communication system, compared to other existing schemes (For example, CNOMA-MIMO with FDR, and orthogonal multiple access with OAM-MIMO and half duplex relaying); this was demonstrated via numerical result analysis. |
10,908 | Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-chaotic encoding applied to ultra-wide-band impulse radio, and key words: Encoding, Ultra wideband technology, Chaos, Decoding, Pulse modulation, Demodulation, Binary sequences, Performance analysis, Error probability, Channel coding. Abstract: The idea of applying pseudo-chaotic dynamics to impulse radio (IR) transmission was very recently proposed (Maggio et al. 2001). The approach was to use a pseudo-chaotic digital-signal, fed by the binary information to be transmitted, to drive a very-wide-alphabet pulse-position-modulation, there called pseudo-chaotic time-hopping (TH). Unfortunately this approach turns out to be impractical when dealing with a multiple-user environment. In this paper, we propose an alternative use of pseudo-chaotic dynamics, that are employed as an encoder for the binary data stream to be transmitted, while data-independent TH sequences are used to guarantee ease of synchronization and decodability. The pseudo-chaotic encoder is proposed in its simpler form, with encoding ratio 1: N, and its performance is addressed analytically in terms of bit error probability when using an optimum demodulation technique. The results show that pseudo-chaotic encoding can be an attractive approach to channel coding, particularly in the context of emerging communication techniques such as IR. |
10,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Angular distribution of THz emission from cluster beam and electron dynamics in cluster plasma, and key words: Electron beam applications, Laser theory, Power distribution, Laser modes, Optics, Plasmas, Laser beams. Abstract: In this work, we present and discuss experimental results of the angular power distribution of THz radiation from cluster jets that differ in cluster size and internal density of electrons in ionized clusters. The aim of the experiments was to verify the theoretical model of the mechanism of low-frequency generation in cluster plasma. |
10,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault detection for a via etch process using adaptive multivariate methods, and key words: Fault detection, Etching, Covariance matrix, Process control, Error correction, Electronics industry, Monitoring, Training data, Manufacturing processes, Degradation. Abstract: Multivariate process control charts like Hotelling T/sup 2/ and squared prediction error are gaining acceptance in the semiconductor industry to monitor the increasing amount of data available by modern process tools. These methods require models built based on the covariance matrix of a trainings data set. Slowly drifting manufacturing processes degrade this estimation for the covariance matrix creating false alarms. To overcome the problem, adaptive modeling schemes are considered. The tradeoff between sensitivity and false alarms for static and adaptive models applied to a via etching process is demonstrated. Possible improvements by incorporating domain knowledge are shown. |
10,911 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Video QoE With Deep Learning From Multivariate Time-Series, and key words: Quality of experience, Recurrent neural networks, Streaming media, Forecasting, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning algorithms, Feature extraction, Time series analysis. Abstract: The end users’ satisfactory Quality of Experience (QoE) is a fundamental criterion for networked video service providers such as video-on-demand providers (Netflix, YouTube, etc.), cloud gaming providers (Google Stadia, PlayStation Now, etc.) and videoconferencing providers (Zoom, Microsoft Teams, etc.). To know the QoE, providers today typically predict it from the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters or the client-side's actual QoE metrics measured at the current time-step. But the former does not precisely reflect the users' experience, and the latter has a delay between QoE measurements at the client-side and the user's current experience. Mitigating this delay can provide a noticeable improvement in the delivery system's performance. For example, accurate forecasting of QoE for the near future allows the service management system to take a proactive approach and fix delivery issues before they become a noticeable problem at the end user, or at least reduce overall QoE degradation. QoE forecasting can also be used in rate adaptation in DASH or resource allocation in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a method to prognosticate QoE metrics. Using data collected from an industry video streaming testbed for three different classes, we define a multivariate time series forecasting problem. We then model a hybrid state-of-the-art deep learning method, BiLSTM-CNN, to forecast the QoE metrics in advance. Evaluation of our proposed method compared to four other well-known ML models of Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Long short-term memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed method. |
10,912 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Development and Installations of Renewable Energy-based Mini-grids: Case study Uganda, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Government, Companies, Africa, Developing countries, Minerals, Sustainable development. Abstract: The provision of energy to all citizens has been an outstanding need in most developing countries in order to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Uganda as a developing country has put mechanisms in place to provide electricity to her people and be able to realize the national vision of 2040 and be able to address other SDGs by 2030. Solar PV mini-grids are emerging as popular alternatives to address rural electrification shortfall after other renewable energy mini-grid types proved desirable for some period. Uganda's expectations of renewable mini-grids are high with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, the World Bank, and the Government of Uganda showing much interest to support the mini-grid development. This paper, therefore, looks at general mini-grid development and operation models and finds out arguments making renewable energy mini-grids popular at the expense of non-renewable based mini-grids. The methodology focuses on exploring ideas and formulating a hypothesis by summarizing, categorizing, and interpreting both the primary and secondary data. The paper concludes looking at the strength, benefits, and challenges of renewable mini-grids. |
10,913 | Please write an abstract with title: PIC Simulation of Multi-beam Terahertz Coaxial Resonator Reflex Klystron, and key words: Beams, Resonant frequency, Voltage, Klystrons, Electron guns, Reflection, Vacuum electronics. Abstract: In this paper, the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a multi-beam terahertz (THz) coaxial resonator reflex klystron is conducted. When the currents of the beams are fixed as 5.7× 6 mA, the emission voltage of electron gun is set as 1.5 kV and the reflection voltage varies from 1.7kV to 2kV, the obtained output power varies from 0 to 700 mW and the signal frequency varies in the 130 MHz interval around 316.3 GHz, the maximum electron efficiency is about 1.36%. The output power of this reflex klystron is much higher than the traditional reflex klystron. |
10,914 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Visual Analysis of Differentially Private Data, and key words: Task analysis, Visualization, Data visualization, Histograms, Privacy, Differential privacy. Abstract: Differential Privacy is an emerging privacy model with increasing popularity in many domains. It functions by adding carefully calibrated noise to data that blurs information about individuals while preserving overall statistics about the population. Theoretically, it is possible to produce robust privacy-preserving visualizations by plotting differentially private data. However, noise-induced data perturbations can alter visual patterns and impact the utility of a private visualization. We still know little about the challenges and opportunities for visual data exploration and analysis using private visualizations. As a first step towards filling this gap, we conducted a crowdsourced experiment, measuring participants' performance under three levels of privacy (high, low, non-private) for combinations of eight analysis tasks and four visualization types (bar chart, pie chart, line chart, scatter plot). Our findings show that for participants' accuracy for summary tasks (e.g., find clusters in data) was higher that value tasks (e.g., retrieve a certain value). We also found that under DP, pie chart and line chart offer similar or better accuracy than bar chart. In this work, we contribute the results of our empirical study, investigating the task-based effectiveness of basic private visualizations, a dichotomous model for defining and measuring user success in performing visual analysis tasks under DP, and a set of distribution metrics for tuning the injection to improve the utility of private visualizations. |
10,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Plasmonics — An Enabling Technology for Ultra-Fast Communications, and key words: Optical sensors, High-speed optical techniques, Biomedical optical imaging, Integrated optics, Tutorials, Plasmons, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: This tutorial starts with the fundamentals of electro-magnetic wave theory, moves to integrated optics, discusses optical waveguide simulation, covers electrical and optical integration, and finishes with examples of silicon-photonic devices deployed now and expected to be in 5-10 years in optical communication. A background on optical communication, including intensity-modulation directdetection and coherent formats, will be given as well. |
10,916 | Please write an abstract with title: GWrite: Enabling Through-the-Wall Gesture Writing Recognition Using WiFi, and key words: Gesture recognition, Wireless fidelity, Feature extraction, Wireless communication, Trajectory, Shape, Time series analysis. Abstract: Recognizing in-air gestures can enable intelligent human–computer interaction (HCI) applications and facilitate human lives. However, existing sensor/camera-based methods for gesture recognition are either nonubiquitous, intrusive to privacy, or inconvenient to carry around. Contemporary device-free approaches require the person to be in the line of sight and proximity to the sensing device. This article shows that WiFi signals can recognize hand-drawn in-air gestures even when the gesture location is nonline-of-sight/beyond walls to the WiFi transceivers. The proposed GWrite system utilizes the channel state information (CSI) time-series information from commercial WiFi chipsets. GWrite employs a unique approach for performing hand gestures, thus enabling the design of a hand movement model. Using the model and the time-reversal (TR) technique, this work derives a correspondence between the similarity of CSIs and the relative distance moved by the hand. This relation gave rise to unique features, such as the number of segments, angle, and the intersection between segments that can classify a set of gesture shapes consisting of straight-line segments. GWrite achieved an accuracy of 92% on a group of 15 gestures. The proposed approach can be applied to a broader set of gestures, unlike the current systems that function over a limited gesture set. |
10,917 | Please write an abstract with title: High Sensitivity Distributed Static Strain Sensing Based on Differential Relative Phase in Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry, and key words: Strain, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Strain measurement. Abstract: We present a novel distributed high sensitivity static strain sensing method based on differential relative phase in optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). By performing two separate tests of the measurement and the reference states, distributed strain sensing can be achieved by acquiring differential relative phase between these two states, which can reduce common-mode residual nonlinear phase in OFDR greatly and favor phase unwrapping, thanks to decreasing wrapped phase change rate as a function of the length of fiber under test (FUT). In addition, an all grating optical fiber that has a stronger backscattering than that of a standard single-mode fiber is used as FUT in the presented OFDR system. In the experiment, the measurement range of static strain variation is 0 to 25 με, the sensing spatial resolution is 4.35 cm, and the minimum measurable strain variation is 0.25 με along with a total 36 m FUT. Compared with the widely-used Rayleigh backscattering spectra shift cross-correlation method using the same data, the presented method can provide a better sensing performance of measuring a minor strain variation under the same sensing spatial resolution. |
10,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Intrinsic Reliability of BEOL interlayer dielectric, and key words: Dielectric constant, Electric breakdown, Charge carrier density, Tunneling, Reliability, Acceleration, Electric fields. Abstract: As interconnect dimensions shrink, interlayer breakdown is increasingly relevant to reliability. This paper presents TDDB, voltage acceleration, and leakage data for Cu and Co interconnects. The leakage mechanism is found to be Poole-Frenkel saturation transitioning to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at high field. We conclude the interlayer lifetime is limited by the low-k dielectric and propose an E-model acceleration. The reliability of interlayer TDDB must consider the asymmetric voltage division of the etch stop/low-k stack. |
10,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear dynamics of first-order DPLL with FM input and phase detector DC offset, and key words: Phase detection, Detectors, Frequency modulation, Phase locked loops, Phase modulation, Digital modulation, Bifurcation, Belts, Frequency locked loops, Circuit theory. Abstract: Phase-locked loops are important systems that are used extensively in engineering applications. Previously, the nonlinear dynamics of a first order digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) with frequency modulated input and small values of modulating frequency were considered (O'Donnell, B. and Feely, O., European Conf Circuit Theory and Design, 2003; Vasylenko, A. and Feely, O. Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos, vol.12, no.7, p.1633-42, 2002). The effect of a phase detector DC offset on the behavior of the loop and in particular its lock range is now explored. A modulated input to the system causes a perturbation of the fixed-point in the lock region and results in a uniform scatter or a 'belt' of points for this region. The bifurcation properties of these 'belts' are numerically distinct from the fixed-point approach. |
10,920 | Please write an abstract with title: “A Crowdsourcing-based QoE Evaluation of an Immersive VR Autonomous Driving Experience”, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Performance evaluation, Training, Visualization, Rendering (computer graphics), Turning, Quality of experience. Abstract: Due to COVID-19, crowdsourcing has gained momentum as an alternative methodology for continuing research and for Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. Employing this approach, we remotely evaluated the user perceived QoE of two different visual rendering formats as part of an Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) simulation. The aim was to investigate the participant's QoE when testing AV technology in distinct visual rendering qualities (lowpoly vs high-poly) of an online streamed 360° car riding experience. In addition, a scoring model based on the expected reliability of each level of the remote assessment was designed. Findings suggest that the consumer's preferences towards the adoption of AV technology is highly determined by the system and human effects on Influence Factors (IFs). Moreover, the adequacy of reliability into a mathematical model is highlighted as a potential turning point for QoE assessment, by carrying out the evaluation tasks from the laboratory environment into the internet, particularly relevant in pandemic times. |
10,921 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable broadcast strategies for ad hoc routing protocols, and key words: Broadcasting, Routing protocols, Tellurium, Delay, Wireless networks. Abstract: In ad hoc wireless networks, routes are discovered either by means of a periodic update between 1-hop neighbors or by using a reactive routing protocol which relies on an explicit route discovery process. Although the major advantage of a reactive protocol is the reduction in the routing overhead, the conventional flooding mechanism used to propagate the route request (RREQ) message during the route discovery process does not scale well to large networks. In addition to the overhead problem, the way in which the route request gets propagated across the network affects the network performance in two different ways: (i) it determines how fast the route can be acquired; (ii) it is also an important factor in determining the availability and quality of the route. In this paper, we propose three novel RREQ broadcast techniques, i.e., weighted p-persistence, slotted p-persistence, and slotted p-persistence schemes. Our simulation results show that the proposed schemes can achieve up to 75% routing overhead reduction while keeping the route acquisition delay close or equal to the conventional flooding scheme. |
10,922 | Please write an abstract with title: Provisioning of adaptability to variable topologies for routing schemes in MANETs, and key words: Mobile ad hoc networks, Network topology, Quality of service, Intelligent networks, Routing protocols, Computer simulation, Computer network reliability, Wireless networks, Costs, Electronic mail. Abstract: Frequent changes in network topologies caused by mobility in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) impose great challenges to designing routing schemes for such networks. Various routing schemes each aiming at particular type of MANET (e.g., flat or clustered MANETs) with different mobility degrees (e.g., low, medium, and high mobility) have been proposed in the literature. However, since a mobile node should not be limited to operate in a particular MANET assumed by a routing scheme, an important issue is how to enable a mobile node to achieve routing performance as high as possible when it roams across different types of MANETs. To handle this issue, a quantity that can predict the link status for a time period in the future with the consideration of mobility is required. In this paper, we discuss such a quantity and investigate how well this quantity can be used by the link caching scheme in the dynamic source routing protocol to provide the adaptability to variable topologies caused by mobility through computer simulation in NS-2. |
10,923 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Variable-Grained Resemblance Data Deduplication For Cloud Storage, and key words: Cloud computing, Costs, System performance, Conferences, Prototypes, Bandwidth, Metadata. Abstract: With the prevalence of cloud storage, data deduplication has been a widely used technology by removing cross users’ duplicate data and saving network bandwidth. Nevertheless, traditional data deduplication hardly detects duplicate data among resemblance chunks. Currently, a resemblance data deduplication, called Finesse, has been proposed to detect and remove the duplicate data among similar chunks efficiently. However, we observe that the chunks following the similar chunk have a high chance of resembling data locality property, and vice versa. Processing these adjacent similar chunks in small average chunk size level increases the metadata, which deteriorates the deduplication system performance. Moreover, existing resemblance data deduplication schemes ignore the performance impact from metadata. Therefore, we propose a fast variable-grained resemblance data deduplication for cloud storage. It dynamically combines the adjacent resemblance chunks or unique chunks or breaks those chunks, located at the transition region between resemblance chunks and unique chunks. Finally, we implement a prototype and conduct a serial of experiments on real-world datasets. The results show that our method dramatically reduces the metadata size while achieving the high deduplication ratio. |
10,924 | Please write an abstract with title: Transverse Mode Control in HCG-VCSELs, and key words: Lasers and electrooptics, Laser modes, Reflection, Electrooptical waveguides, Dispersion. Abstract: We present a detailed study to select transverse modes and control far field pattern of a multi-mode HCG-VCSEL using reflection dispersion for the former and angular-dependent transmission for the latter, for the first time. |
10,925 | Please write an abstract with title: A connective stability result for interconnected passive systems, and key words: Delay effects, Stability criteria, Large-scale systems, Linear systems, Asymptotic stability, Tin, Insertion loss, Stability analysis, Nonlinear distortion, Lyapunov method. Abstract: When a large scale system is formed from linear interconnections of a number of passive subsystems, a diagonal dominance condition on the interconnection matrix is known to ensure asymptotic stability. It is shown that the same condition ensures that stability is retained when a large class of nonlinearities, including nonlinearities with memory, is allowed in the interconnections. In particular, arbitrary distributed delays may be inserted without loss of stability. |
10,926 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Three-Phase LINMAP Method for Hybrid Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making With Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Truth Degrees, and key words: Mathematical model, Mathematical programming, Programming, Indexes, Hafnium, Linear programming, Decision making. Abstract: Based on the idea of linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP), a novel three-phase LINMAP method is presented here for solving hybrid multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) with dual hesitant fuzzy (DHF) truth degrees and incomplete criteria weights information. Firstly, by simultaneously taking into account the difference between each alternative and all the others for the decision maker (DM), the difference of each alternative between the individual DM and the decision group, and the difference of each alternative between the individual DM and all the others, a tri-objective nonlinear programming model is created to determine the DMs' weights. Secondly, to derive the criteria weights, objective positive ideal solution (OPIS), and the objective negative ideal solution (ONIS), a new four-objective DHF mathematical programming model is established by minimizing inconsistency and maximizing consistency based on OPIS and ONIS, and a pair of parametric nonlinear programming models are technically established by unequal weighted summation approach for solving the four-objective DHF mathematical programming model, which can provide DMs with more agility and flexible space to change their preference. Thirdly, by considering the distances of each alternative from the OPIS and ONIS for individual DM and the decision group, a minimizing deviation optimal model is established to derive the group ranking order of alternatives. Finally, a new method is put forward for solving hybrid MCGDM with DHF truth degrees, and the validity and practicability of the proposed method is analyzed through a case of water quality monitoring system (WQMS) selection. |
10,927 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling HTTP service times, and key words: Web server, Network servers, File servers, Analytical models, Computer science, Telecommunication traffic, Educational technology, Computer science education, Computational modeling, Computer simulation. Abstract: The service time distribution is a fundamental parameter in analysis and simulation models. However, the distribution of the service times of Web servers and caches is not well understood. As a consequence, in many studies on Web server scheduling and task assignment, the service times have been assumed as directly proportional to the size of the file transferred. But Web transfers of the same size may experience different service times due to dynamic characteristics such as server load, network traffic and client connectivity. In this paper we present models for both the service time and the file size of Web cache transfers. Our goal is to compare both empirical distributions, exploring the correlation between them. Our results are based on recent logs from NLANR. We show that both variables may be modeled by the log-normal distribution but with different parameters. |
10,928 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybersecurity Best Practices for CISE Programs, and key words: Education, Computer security, Best practices, Guidelines, Curriculum development. Abstract: Post-secondary education providers are focused on incorporating cybersecurity academic opportunities to address their potential clientele needs. This article offers a collection of best practices for existing CISE programs to incorporate cybersecurity studies that maximize adherence to current undergraduate curriculum guidelines while minimizing resource impact. |
10,929 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Pointer Networks for Network Slicing in Cellular Systems, and key words: Fading channels, Base stations, Network slicing, Heuristic algorithms, Wireless networks, Reinforcement learning, Time-varying channels. Abstract: In this paper, we present a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) framework for network slicing in a dynamic environment with multiple base stations. We first introduce the wireless network virtualization (WNV) and the interference channel model. Then, we formulate the network slicing problem in the dynamic environment in which fading varies, users have mobility, and requests are randomly generated over time. Subsequently, we propose a deep RL framework with multiple actors and centralized critic (MACC) to maximize the reward over all base stations instead of pursuing local optimization. The actors are implemented as pointer networks to fit the varying dimension of input. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed deep RL algorithm via simulations to demonstrate its effectiveness. |
10,930 | Please write an abstract with title: Compression of Solar Spectroscopic Observations: a Case Study of Mg II k Spectral Line Profiles Observed by NASA's IRIS Satellite, and key words: Training, Iris, Satellites, Instruments, NASA, Noise reduction, Neural networks. Abstract: In this study we extract the deep features and investigate the compression of the Mg II k spectral line profiles observed in quiet Sun regions by NASA's IRIS satellite. The data set of line profiles used for the analysis was obtained on April 20th, 2020, at the center of the solar disc, and contains almost 300,000 individual Mg II k line profiles after data cleaning. The data are separated into train and test subsets. The train subset was used to train the autoencoder of the varying embedding layer size. The early stopping criterion was implemented on the test subset to prevent the model from overfitting. Our results indicate that it is possible to compress the spectral line profiles more than 27 times (which corresponds to the reduction of the data dimensionality from 110 to 4) while having a 4 DN (Data Number) average reconstruction error, which is comparable to the variations in the line continuum. The mean squared error and the reconstruction error of even statistical moments sharply decrease when the dimensionality of the embedding layer increases from 1 to 4 and almost stop decreasing for higher numbers. The observed occasional improvements in training for values higher than 4 indicate that a better compact embedding may potentially be obtained if other training strategies and longer training times are used. The features learned for the critical four-dimensional case can be interpreted. In particular, three of these four features mainly control the line width, line asymmetry, and line dip formation respectively. The presented results are the first attempt to obtain a compact embedding for spectroscopic line profiles and confirm the value of this approach, in particular for feature extraction, data compression, and denoising. |
10,931 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction Cost Estimator: An effective approach to estimate the cost of Construction in Metropolitan Areas, and key words: Support vector machines, Costs, Machine learning algorithms, Linear regression, Urban areas, Pricing, Task analysis. Abstract: Individuals wanting to buy a modern home tend to be more traditionalists in terms of their finances and presentation methods. The current framework incorporates housing cost calculations without a basic projection of future advertising trends and cost increases. Buyers will like the actual bequest structure since it allows them to search for properties based on features or addresses. It is beneficial to the dealer since it allows them to log into the framework and add new promos or delete old ones. Each customer is given a login account with a login ID and password for this purpose. Additionally, when the customer searches for a property, the client will see both unique and predicted property values. Future costs will be predicted by analysing historical market patterns and price ranges, as well as up and coming advances. Estimating construction costs and anticipating fee increases are critical tasks for project owners, estimators, and contractors. The creation prices are continually susceptible to changes, with a long-term tendency toward growing, making pricing a tough task. The creation value index has been widely used to estimate the price of new ventures. The issue is that no agency in India gives estimates for that crucial indicator [21]. The most important value of this finding is that it provides construction stakeholders with a reliable tool for forecasting future project pricing, especially given current Inflation Rates. |
10,932 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Radio Slice Allocation in Wireless Network Virtualization: Matching Theory Meets Auctions, and key words: Indium phosphide, III-V semiconductor materials, Resource management, Wireless networks, Games, Virtualization. Abstract: Wireless network virtualization has been introduced to satisfy the ever-increasing user requirements through resource sharing, and it can reduce operating costs for the network. Virtualized resources of an infrastructure provider can be allocated as slices to mobile virtual network operators to satisfy their users' demands. Thus, an efficient resource allocation method is needed. Furthermore, existing works have mostly considered resource allocation methods using one infrastructure provider in the system model. However, in realistic and practical environments, multiple infrastructure providers should be considered so that the mobile virtual network operator can choose the appropriate infrastructure provider to maximize its revenue. Therefore, in this paper, a new approach based on matching theory and auctions is proposed for slice allocation for a system with multiple infrastructure providers. Moreover, a matching algorithm and an auction are utilized to work as the distributed methods for solving the user association problem and slice allocation problem, respectively. To connect these two problems, the user association result is used as an input of the auction model so that the mobile virtual network operator can decide on the appropriate infrastructure provider to submit the bidding value. Simulation results show that the developed solutions achieve stable matching and maximize the social welfare of all bidders. |
10,933 | Please write an abstract with title: Basic steps for building and using a functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) System, and key words: Detectors, Absorption, Light sources, Buildings, Wavelet transforms, Spectroscopy, Neurons. Abstract: Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been in the center of interest for many researchers for the past few decades, resulting in various methods to obtain signals from the brain and algorithms to process the signal. Among those brain signal obtaining methods under research, functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method with great potential of acquiring accurate data of neural activities. This paper provides the fundamentals for building an fNIRS system and how to process the acquired data to obtain a signal relevant of neural activity. Customization for particular applications is possible enabling novice brain researchers to join the research field and further improve BCI. |
10,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Diagnosis of On-Load Tap-Changer Based on the Parameter-adaptive VMD and SA-ELM, and key words: Vibrations, Fault diagnosis, Feature extraction, Springs, Analytical models, Training, On load tap changers. Abstract: Mechanical vibration signal can reflect the running state of on-load tap-changer. In order to realize effective mechanical fault diagnosis for on-load tap-changer, a fault diagnosis method based on the parameter-adapted Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Extreme Learning Machine optimized by Simulated Anneal (SA-ELM) is proposed. Firstly, the signal is decomposed by VMD method, and the number of modals is selected based on energy criterion. A group of modal components with narrow band and great discrimination is obtained. Then the energy features of each modal component are calculated, which form the feature vector group, and the modal features of different fault states are clearly distinguished. Finally, the feature vector group is inputted to the extreme learning machine (ELM) optimized by simulated annealing algorithm to realize the recognition and fault diagnosis of the vibration signals. An experiment is carried out on the simulation experiment platform and the collected signals are processed. Compared with the method based on VMD and ELM, the fault diagnosis method proposed can effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of mechanical fault of on-load tap-changer. |
10,935 | Please write an abstract with title: Applications of L-nets in near continuous L-fuzzy multifunctions, and key words: Convergence, Lattices, Fuzzy systems, Topology, Machine learning. Abstract: The concept of near continuity of fuzzy multifunctions is introduced and investigated; their properties are systematically discussed in this paper. Using the notions and properties of weak convergence of nets of L-fuzzy sets (briefly, L-nets), the important characteristics of these near continuous L-fuzzy multifunctions are obtained in L-fuzzy topological spaces. |
10,936 | Please write an abstract with title: An MMC-Based IPT System With Integrated Magnetics and ZVS Operations, and key words: Inductors, Equivalent circuits, Zero voltage switching, Voltage control, Modulation, Magnetics, Control systems. Abstract: This article proposes a novel high-frequency modular multilevel converter (MMC) for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system. MMCs have many benefits, such as larger modulation depth, more degrees of control, and lower device stresses in comparison to traditional full-bridge converters. However, MMCs are traditionally used for low-frequency applications. Their high-frequency operation differs significantly and has not been reported yet. This article focuses on the 85-kHz operation of an MMC driving the primary compensation circuit of an IPT system. The high-frequency operation of the MMC allowed the proposed design to integrate the dc arm inductors with the primary compensation network of an IPT system, lowering the component count. A digitized modulation scheme is used to regulate the output power while maintaining zero-voltage switching under the range of operating conditions considered. To validate the proposed MMC-based IPT system, an SAE J2954 WPT2/Z2 compliant prototype is built and tested, which achieves up to 93% efficiency when transferring 7.7 kW with a 220% variation in coupling factor and a varying output battery voltage between 280 and 420 V. |
10,937 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Olive Pitting Machine, and key words: Industries, Extrapolation, Automation, Oils, AC motors, Production, Machine learning. Abstract: Olives have significant dietary and medicinal value around the globe. In Pakistan the available potential area for olive production is more than 10 million acres, which will lead the country to become the World’s largest olive producer. The project is related to a semi-automated olive pitting machine. It is intended to handle olives of a specific size and grade, though the machine can destone every type and size of olives by implementing the customized rollers and the needle box, which stands as the novelty of our design. The needles strike olives in a vertical fashion to remove pits. Since, the machine is semi-automated, so olives are hand fed into the olive feeder. Afterwards, they roll down into the moulds on the roller drum. The machine is equipped with a single AC motor that will power the machine, and a Geneva mechanism that will provide the machine with intermittent motion. The Olive Pitting Machine is capable of destoning 70-80kg of olives per hour. The pitted olives can be further processed. The machine is unique in its design, is highly compact, and ensures easy cleaning. |
10,938 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of a skill-decomposition model for Internet physical education courses teaching, and key words: Epidemics, Optical burst switching, Educational courses, Internet, Matrix decomposition, Sports, Context modeling. Abstract: In early 2020, a sudden outbreak of an epidemic disrupted our rhythm of life and the epidemic severely disturbed people. In the face of the severe global epidemic, in order to stop the spread of the epidemic to schools and ensure the safety and health of teachers and students, China's Ministry of Education issued a circular requesting the postponement of the start of the spring semester in 2020. As an emerging learning method, online courses are commonly used in schools and universities. It uses the Internet as a platform to provide learners with a series of learning tutorials containing videos, pictures, text interaction and other forms of content. Due to the unique nature of the physical education curriculum, it poses many challenges for physical educators. This paper attempts to apply the WBS decomposition strategy to decompose the structure of physical education courses on the Internet, construct the WBSR physical education course decomposition model, and provide physical educators with an alternative approach to online physical education. According to the characteristics of the learning of physical education courses in the Internet context, the WBSR model that combines skill decomposition structure, knowledge decomposition structure, effect decomposition structure and skills is proposed. The impact of the model on the skill decomposition and teaching of physical education courses in the Internet context is analyzed. The successful implementation of the model plays a good role in skill identification and skill instructional planning in the process of skill learning in sports courses in the Internet context. |
10,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Incident Response and Recovery, and key words: Real-time systems, Organizations, Information security, Monitoring, Risk management, Planning, Sensitivity. Abstract: This chapter focuses on the incident response and recovery frameworks. It also discusses how to apply the kill chain concept operationally. You'll start by assuming that multiple attacks, each in its own different phase of its own unique kill chain, are happening right now. You'll also assume that other systems anomalies, which might be accidents or design flaws raising their bad‐news heads, are also occurring in the midst of your day by day, moment by moment watch‐standing activities. You'll make it part of your checklist‐driven approach to defending your systems and the information that keeps your organization alive and flourishing. This is all about translating all of the decisions you made during risk management and mitigation planning and all of the actions you took in implementing your chosen risk and security control tactics into real‐time operational use. It's important to realize that events and incidents are two related yet different terms. In management and leadership terms, it may not matter much whether it was an event or an incident that caused the organization to suffer disruption, damage, or losses; as security planners, however, it's useful to have some commonly understood terms to help deal with them when they occur. |
10,940 | Please write an abstract with title: Haptic feedback designs in teleoperation systems for minimal invasive surgery, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Minimally invasive surgery, Master-slave, Control design, Robot sensing systems, State feedback, Surges, Actuators, Process control, Control systems. Abstract: One of the major shortcomings of state-of-the-art robotic systems for minimal invasive surgery is the lack of haptic feedback for the surgeon. In order to provide haptic information, sensors and actuators have to be added to the master and slave device. A control system should process the data and make a coupling between slave and master. Despite the significant amount of research on haptic devices, this control design problem is, largely, an open problem. This paper reports the results on three model-based control designs. Using the formalism of passivity, a robust controller has been designed, and is compared to a gain scheduled controller (LPV) which is adaptable for changes in the tissue characteristics. |
10,941 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low-Cost DVB-T2-based Passive Bistatic Phased Array Radar for Target Detection and Localisation, and key words: Passive radar, Phased arrays, Dipole antennas, Surveillance, Direction-of-arrival estimation. Abstract: RADAR systems are traditionally the domain of the military or large commercial entities due to technology costs. Recent emergence of affordable software defined radios (SDRs) have lowered the barriers to entry of radio-frequency developments available to the public, allowing for low-cost implementations and developments of technology that was previously inaccessible. In this work, a cost-effective passive bistatic phased array radar using the digital video broadcasting (DVB-T2) band is proposed, using only low-cost SDRs and commercially available DVB-T2 dipole antennas normally used for home television signal reception to reduce the cost of the system. By using beam-steering techniques to reduce noise and reconstruct the original signal from the transmitter, the array is used as both the reference and surveillance channels, eliminating the need for a dedicated reference channel. The working frequency is 554 MHz. The ability to detect the presence of and direction of commercial flights with respect to the array is demonstrated. |
10,942 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cooperative Optimal Mining Model for Bitcoin, and key words: Power demand, Computational modeling, Stability criteria, Smart contracts, Bitcoin, Games, Nash equilibrium. Abstract: We analyze Bitcoin mining from the perspective of a game and propose an optimal mining model that maximizes profits of pools and miners. The model is a two-stage Stackelberg game in which each stage forms a sub-game. In stage I, pools are the leaders who assign a computing power to be consumed by miners. In stage II, miners decide of their power consumption and distribution. They find themselves in a social dilemma in which they must choose between mining in solo, therefore prioritizing their individual preferences, and participating in a pool for the collective interest. The model relies on a pool protocol based on a simulated game in which the miners compete for the reward won by the pool. The solutions for the stage I sub-game and the simulated protocol game are unique and stable Nash equilibriums while the stage II sub-game leads to a stable cooperative equilibrium only when miners choose their strategies according to certain criteria. We conclude that the cooperative optimal mining model has the potential to favor Bitcoin decentralization and stability. Mainly, the social dilemma faced by miners together with the balance of incentives ensure a certain distribution of the network computing power between pools and solo miners, while equilibriums in the game solutions provide stability to the system. |
10,943 | Please write an abstract with title: Stator Notching Design of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor to Mitigate the Cogging Torque, and key words: Forging, Torque, Brushless DC motors, Magnetoacoustic effects, Stators, Permanent magnet motors, Finite element analysis. Abstract: The BLDC motor provokes the best option for emerging applications like electrical vehicles, surgical robots, artificial heart, equipment in industries. Remarkable characteristics feature like prominent dynamic behavior beyond the scope of the speed limit, astounding torque density, we shaped structure; enhanced efficiency predicts the BLDC motor to be competent for another two decades until the alternative arrives. However, the torque undulation and cogging torque become noticeable restrictions posed by this motor even numerous inherent positive receptions associated with it. To retain the torque distinctiveness, the furtherance of the finite element method (FEM) with appreciable geometrical modification has been accomplished by utilizing recent newfangled infolytica software. The notching (1mm) of stator tooth has been pertained for BLDC motor to outstretch the quality of torque, thereby the effects of vibration and acoustic noise have been curbed. |
10,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Agent-based modelling: a case study in HIV epidemic, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Human immunodeficiency virus, Biological system modeling, Predictive models, Multiagent systems, Diseases, Mathematical model, Computer science, Africa, Computational modeling. Abstract: This research presents an agent-based, bottom-up modelling approach to develop a simulation tool for estimating and predicting the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a given population. HIV is mainly a sexually transmitted disease (STD) causing a serious problem to human health. The virus is transmitted from an infected person to another who was previously healthy through different biological, social and environmental factors. The research develops the simulation tool by modelling these factors by agents. Although research has and is being conducted to estimate and predict the spread of the HIV epidemic, the proposed research seeks to investigate the spread using a different approach. The previous models used a top-down modelling approach. They are built from the general characteristics and behaviours of the population. They have not explored the potential use of agent technology. This research attempts to investigate the flexibility that the multi-agent system offers. Agent-based models are close to the situations that exist in a given real system that consists of autonomous components interacting with each other. The modelling approach has the advantage of observing the interaction made between agents, which is a difficult task in the top-down modelling approach. The research investigates the performance of the tool and presents the first results obtained. |
10,945 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study of Current Harmonics and Switching Frequency With Different Pulse Patterns in Duty-Cycle-Based Model Predictive Current Control, and key words: Optimized production technology, Switching frequency, Switches, Harmonic analysis, Stators, Voltage, Steady-state. Abstract: Model predictive current control with duty cycle optimization has been widely studied and applied in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. However, the commonly adopted pulse arrangement of virtual voltage vectors may not be optimal, since no rigorous mathematical proof is given and too many other types of pulse arrangements exist. First, six pulse arrangement combinations of virtual vectors are defined as six patterns in this article. Then, the effects of six patterns on current distortion and switching frequency are investigated. Based on the analysis, the existing commonly adopted pattern is proved not to be the best. Instead, another optimal pattern with minimal current harmonics and the lowest switching frequency is selected to achieve better performance and lower heat loss. Finally, an experimental comparative study is implemented in this article. The results have verified that the pulse pattern selected by the proposed analytical approach can effectively reduce the current harmonics and switching frequency, compared with the commonly adopted one. |
10,946 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Space Exploration Framework for Tensilica-Based Digital Audio Processors in Hearing Aids, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Microphones, Delays, Array signal processing, Hardware, Hearing aids, Microwave integrated circuits. Abstract: Choosing a suitable processor architecture for a hearing aid is a difficult task. Various aspects have to be taken into account, like power consumption and silicon area. Also, the computational performance and flexibility of an architecture are essential. Therefore, a wide variety of design goals must be weighted against each other before a final decision for the architecture can be made. In this paper, several configurable audio processors are evaluated, using five commonly known acoustic beamforming algorithms. In order to reduce the exploration time, this paper presents a partly automated design space exploration framework. The hearing aid algorithms are implemented in fixed-point representation to reduce the computational complexity. This framework includes a fixed-point analysis and an automated reference code generation using MATLAB tools. With the Xtensa Xplorer, different configurations of the Tensilica-based processor architecture are profiled. Finally, a case study is presented to show the usability of the proposed framework. |
10,947 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust and Accurate 3D Curve to Surface Registration with Tangent and Normal Vectors, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Surgery, Robustness, Probes, Probabilistic logic, Robots, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: This paper presents a robust and accurate approach for the rigid registration of pre-operative and intraoperative point sets in image-guided surgery (IGS). Three challenges are identified in the pre-to-intraoperative registration: the intra-operative 3D data (usually forms a 3D curve in space) (1) is often contaminated with noise and outliers; (2) usually only covers a partial region of the whole pre-operative model; (3) is usually sparse. To tackle those challenges, we utilize the tangent vectors extracted from the sparse intraoperative data points and the normal vectors extracted from the pre-operative model points. Our first contribution is to formulate a novel probabilistic distribution of the error between a pair of corresponding tangent and normal vectors. The second contribution is, based on the novel distribution, we formulate the registration of two multi-dimensional (6D) point sets as a maximum likelihood (ML) problem and solve it under the expectation maximization (EM) framework. Our last contribution is, in order to facilitate the computation process, the derivatives of the objective function with respect to desired parameters are presented. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Importantly, in the context of anteriro cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, our method can achieve as low as 0.6795 mm mean target registration error (TRE) value with considerable noises and very limited overlapping ratios. |
10,948 | Please write an abstract with title: MEMS optical microphone based on light phase modulation, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Analytical models, Optical design, Statistical analysis, Optical device fabrication, Optical sensors, Optical reflection. Abstract: Acoustic sensing through optical transduction represents a promising alternative to the conventional capacitive sensing used in MEMS microphones, especially when aiming at ultra-low noise (i.e. high DR) applications. This paper reports the design and the modeling of the sensing elements of a MEMS optical microphone. The basic transduction mechanism is presented and the main design parameters and challenges are explained and analyzed with advanced modeling techniques. |
10,949 | Please write an abstract with title: Requirements monitoring for service-based systems: towards a framework based on event calculus, and key words: Calculus, Condition monitoring, Availability, Instruments, Deductive databases, Software systems, Runtime environment, Humans, Web services, Formal languages. Abstract: This work proposes a framework for run-time monitoring of the compliance of systems composed of Web-services with requirements set for them. The framework assumes systems composed of Web-services which are coordinated by a service composition process expressed in BPEL4WS and uses event calculus to specify the requirements to be monitored. These requirements include behavioural properties of the system which are automatically extracted from the specification of its composition process in BPEL4WS and/or assumptions that system providers can specify in terms of events extracted from this specification. Requirements are checked using a variant of techniques for checking integrity constraints against temporal deductive databases. |
10,950 | Please write an abstract with title: A Distributed Stochastic Proximal-Gradient Algorithm for Composite Optimization, and key words: Convergence, Cost function, Convex functions, Stochastic processes, Machine learning, Approximation algorithms, Control systems. Abstract: In this article, we consider distributed composite optimization problems involving a common non-smooth regularization term over an undirected and connected network. Inspired by vast applications of this kind of problem in large-scale machine learning, the local cost function of each node is further set as an average of a certain amount of local cost subfunctions. For this scenario, most existing solutions based on the proximal method tend to ignore the cost of gradient evaluations, which results in degraded performance. We instead develop a distributed stochastic proximal-gradient algorithm to tackle the problems by employing the local unbiased stochastic averaging gradient method. At each iteration, only a single local cost subfunction is demanded by each node to evaluate the gradient, then the average of the latest stochastic gradients serves as the approximation of the true local gradient. An explicit linear convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is established with constant dual step-sizes for strongly convex local cost subfunctions with Lipschitz-continuous gradients. Furthermore, it is shown that, in the smooth cases, our simplified analysis technique can be extended to some notable primal-dual domain algorithms, such as DSA, EXTRA, and DIGing. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical findings. |
10,951 | Please write an abstract with title: A sliding mode periodic adaptive learning operation control method for medium-speed maglev trains, and key words: Resistance, Partial transmit sequences, Adaptive learning, Magnetic levitation, Sliding mode control, Aerodynamics, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Air resistance is one of the major disturbances that affect the operation of the medium-speed maglev trains. In this paper, using the periodic characteristics of the maglev trains round-trip operation along the fixed line, an operation control method based on sliding mode periodic adaptive learning control (SM-PALC) is proposed to reduce the position error and improve the robustness of the control systems. The proposed SM-PALC controller consists of four parts: an equivalent PD control part, a speed feed forward part, a magnetic resistance compensation part and a sliding mode periodic adaptive air resistance compensation part. Under the condition that the line parameters are unknown, the sliding mode periodic adaptive learning compensation part learns from the acquired information in the previous period to estimate two unknown parameters in the air resistance and reduces the influence of the air resistance on the train operation. The simulation results show that the proposed SM-PALC operation control method can effectively improve the dynamic performance of the maglev train operation. |
10,952 | Please write an abstract with title: STAFF: A Model for Structure Layout Optimization, and key words: Analytical models, Communication systems, Computational modeling, Layout, Refining, Estimation, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Structure layout optimization has been proven effective in improving the performance of memory-intensive programs. Field-affinity-based models are widely adopted to guide optimization. It is both important and challenging to improve the models to yield higher optimization results. In response to this issue, this paper proposes STAFF, a new model to guide structure layout optimization. First, STAFF better models data field affinity using the spatial and temporal relations in affinity events (co-accesses of data fields). As a result, it can uniformly capture and distinguish various affinity relations in a fine-grained and time-sensitive manner. Second, it proposes a set of novel methods to estimate the contributions of affinity events with different spatial and temporal relations, and reweight them accordingly. Third, a method is proposed to jointly consider the effects of different data layout transformations, and the effects of the actual byte-arrangement and alignments. It supports a uniform impact estimation for structure layouts derived by applying combinations of structure splitting, structure peeling and field reordering in different sequences. The evaluation shows that, comparing with state-of-the-art methods, STAFF works up to 30% better, with a geometric mean improvement of 5%, demonstrating STAFF’s effectiveness. |
10,953 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Half-wave Voltage Thin-film Lithium Niobate Modulator with Ultra-flat Electro-optic Response, and key words: Resistors, Electrodes, Lithium niobate, Modulation, Voltage, Bandwidth, Electro-optic modulators. Abstract: A thin-film lithium niobate modulator employing low-loss capacitively-loaded traveling-wave electrodes terminated by an on-chip resistor is demonstrated, with 6-dB electrical bandwidth over 150 GHz, ultra-flat electro-optic response and low half-wave voltage of 2 V. |
10,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Verification of Maximized SNR against RCS from Overrepresented MIMO Virtual Array, and key words: Phased arrays, Radar cross-sections, Meetings, Radar antennas, Linear antenna arrays, Virtualization, MIMO communication. Abstract: This paper presents experimental verification and results for a novel process of creating an optimized virtual array for a Multi-Input, Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna array. MIMO radars utilize the concept of a virtual array to increased range and angular resolution as compared to non-MIMO phased array radars. There exist certain linear phased array antenna geometries where the MIMO virtual array can become overrepresented. Generation of an optimized MIMO antenna virtual array can be accomplished using full virtualization, the process of creating separate virtual arrays. Experimental results are shown to match with the theoretical prediction of SNR improvement. |
10,955 | Please write an abstract with title: Planar 3D Transfer Learning for End to End Unimodal MRI Unbalanced Data Segmentation, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Three-dimensional displays, Sensitivity, Magnetic resonance imaging, Transfer learning, Training data. Abstract: We present a novel approach of 2D to 3D transfer learning based on mapping pre-trained 2D convolutional neural network weights into planar 3D kernels. The method is validated by the proposed planar 3D res-u-net network with encoder transferred from the 2D VGG-16, which is applied for a single-stage unbalanced 3D image data segmentation. In particular, we evaluate the method on the MICCAI 2016 MS lesion segmentation challenge dataset utilizing solely fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence without brain extraction for training and inference to simulate real medical praxis. The planar 3D res-u-net network performed the best both in sensitivity and Dice score amongst end to end methods processing raw MRI scans and achieved comparable Dice score to a state-of-the-art unimodal not end to end approach. Complete source code was released under the open-source license, and this paper complies with the Machine learning reproducibility checklist. By implementing practical transfer learning for 3D data representation, we could segment heavily unbalanced data without selective sampling and achieved more reliable results using less training data in a single modality. From a medical perspective, the unimodal approach gives an advantage in real praxis as it does not require co-registration nor additional scanning time during an examination. Although modern medical imaging methods capture high-resolution 3D anatomy scans suitable for computer-aided detection system processing, deployment of automatic systems for interpretation of radiology imaging is still rather theoretical in many medical areas. Our work aims to bridge the gap by offering a solution for partial research questions. |
10,956 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictors of customer perceived software quality, and key words: Software quality, Software measurement, Hardware, Business, Software maintenance, Investments, Permission, Predictive models, Resource management, Software systems. Abstract: Predicting software quality as perceived by a customer may allow an organization to adjust deployment to meet the quality expectations of its customers, to allocate the appropriate amount of maintenance resources, and to direct quality improvement efforts to maximize the return on investment. However, customer perceived quality may be affected not simply by the software content and the development process, but also by a number of other factors including deployment issues, amount of usage, software platform, and hardware configurations. We predict customer perceived quality as measured by various service interactions, including software defect reports, requests for assistance, and field technician dispatches using the afore mentioned and other factors for a large telecommunications software system. We employ the non-intrusive data gathering technique of using existing data captured in automated project monitoring and tracking systems as well as customer support and tracking systems. We find that the effects of deployment schedule, hardware configurations, and software platform can increase the probability of observing a software failure by more than 20 times. Furthermore, we find that the factors affect all quality measures in a similar fashion. Our approach can be applied at other organizations, and we suggest methods to independently validate and replicate our results. |
10,957 | Please write an abstract with title: RIA-CSM: A Real-Time Impact-Aware Correlative Scan Matching Using Heterogeneous Multi-Core SoC, and key words: Sensors, Real-time systems, Central Processing Unit, Wheels, Robot sensing systems, Robustness, Location awareness. Abstract: In dynamic scenarios with a large flow of people, robots are extremely vulnerable to impacts. Conventional correlative scan matching (CSM) is imperfect. The algorithm obtains incorrect priors caused by impact. Meanwhile, extremely high computational complexity remains a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient and robust loosely-coupled LIDAR-IMU-wheel fusion method named RIA-CSM, using heterogeneous multi-core SoC. The proposed impact-aware sensor integration module provides robust priors for CSM. Instead of occupancy grids, truncated signed distance functions (TSDFs) are used to represent a map. The most time-consuming part of CSM is mapped to an FPGA-based CSM accelerator, while the remaining part is calculated by multi-core CPU. The public data set is used to test the localization accuracy and real-time performance of the proposed RIA-CSM, which shows that the real-time performance of conventional CSM has been improved by 30 times. When the robot is impacted, experimental results on a mobile robot platform are qualitatively analyzed. Compared with the state of art, our method realizes more robust localization. |
10,958 | Please write an abstract with title: The axis crossings of a stationary Gaussian Markov process, and key words: Markov processes, Autocorrelation, Information theory, Equations, Random processes, TV, Low pass filters, Gaussian noise, Contracts, Electrostatic precipitators. Abstract: In a stationary Gaussian Markov process (or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) the expected number of axis crossings per unit time, the probability density of the lengths of axis-crossing intervals, and the probability of recurrence at zero level do not exist as ordinarily defined. In this paper new definitions are presented and some asymptotic formulas are derived. Certain renewal equations are approximately satisfied, thereby suggesting an asymptotic approach to independence of the lengths of successive axis-crossing intervals. Mention is made of an application to the filter-clip-filter problem. |
10,959 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced Switch Count Dual-Winding AC Drive Systems, and key words: Switches, Rectifiers, Stators, Rotors, Voltage, Torque, Inductance, AC generators, Electromagnetic induction, Frequency. Abstract: This paper proposes four reduced switch count dual-winding ac motor drive topologies. Two topologies consist of a five-leg converter feeding a dual-winding induction machine. The other topologies are conceived to be used with four-leg converters. The control strategies for the motor drive systems are investigated. The main characteristics of the motor drive systems are also presented. Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solutions |
10,960 | Please write an abstract with title: Laser-Scribed Graphene (LSG) Fabrication Method for Microwave Circuit Applications, and key words: Graphene, Microstrip, Microwave circuits, Microwave theory and techniques, Masers, Fabrication, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: In this letter, a laser-scribed graphene (LSG) fabrication method is used to create graphene to be used in a microwave application, for example, a voltage-tunable microstrip attenuator. Graphene used in microwave circuits, such as tunable attenuators, usually focuses on using exfoliated graphene, deposited graphene nanoplatelets, or microwave irradiation. It will be demonstrated that the fabrication of LSG from graphene oxide on standard double-sided FR-4 copper-clad substrate can be used as a voltage-controlled resistor that results in a tunable microstrip attenuator across the microwave frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz. |
10,961 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Privacy-Aware IoT-Based Metering Scheme for Smart Industrial Ecosystems, and key words: Smart meters, Ecosystems, Cryptography, Smart grids, Privacy, Informatics, Engines. Abstract: The smart grid emerges as a new era of the electronic power grid. It integrates advanced sensing technologies, communications, and controlling methods that tell how electricity travels from different generation points to consumers. In order to fulfill customers' satisfaction and two way communications, a huge number of smart meters are deployed in different countries for real-time consumption and presentation of the rigorous energy usage. The privacy of industrial ecosystems may require greater attention while considering minimum network load, lower computational resources, better energy efficiency, and accuracy of data. Different research works have been done to tackle customers' privacy, but at the cost of using more computational resources, communication overhead, and hiring of a trusting third party. In this article, we have proposed a symmetric encryption scheme for industrial ecosystems in the Internet of Thing (IoT) environment. The performance evaluation and security analysis demonstrate successful user privacy and integrity with lower computational resources and communication overhead. |
10,962 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward the integration of microsystems supply, and key words: Inductance, Failure analysis, Inductors, Topology, Frequency, Parasitic capacitance, Design automation, Temperature, Current density, Shape. Abstract: This work presents a global methodology for the complete design of an integrated inductor. After describing the different existing topologies, a method providing the geometrical dimensions from the desired inductance value is reported. Then, the frequency dependency of the inductance and its parasitic capacitance and resistance are analyzed by means of specific CAD tools. A specific analysis of thermal failure mechanisms is presented next. Temperature and current density of different shapes of connection pad are subsequently studied. |
10,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Heart Abnormality Classification by Phonocardiogram Analysis Using Fusion in Feature and Decision Levels, and key words: Heart, Support vector machines, Wavelet transforms, Filter banks, Electrocardiography, Feature extraction, Fractals. Abstract: Useful information about the act of the heart valves can be provided by the audio signal. This leads to a fast, inexpensive and non-invasive heart diagnosis. Due to human auscultator limitation and like of stationary of phonocardiogram signals (PCG), diagnosing through the heard sounds by a stethoscope needs a lot of experiences. Therefore, an automatic system to classify biomedical signal PCG is required. ECG signal is required to accurately segment the heart sound signal. But, acquiring ECG is generally expensive and time consuming. This study proposes a segmentation free system to classify the PCG signals. For extraction of appropriate features from the PCG signals, various methods such as non-uniform filter banks based on maximum entropy, wavelet transform (WT), Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and fractal features are used. Features are given to three classifiers: ML (Maximum Likelihood), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) and SVM (Support Vector Machine). The Dempster-Shafer decision Fusion rule is utilized for final decision making. The experiments were performed on PhysioNet/Computing data sets to evaluate the performance of various methods. Sensitivity, Specificity and kappa coefficients were obtained from all six data sets. It is found that the proposed method has a better performance compared to other methods. |
10,964 | Please write an abstract with title: QoS Measurement: A Comparative Study of Speeds and Latency for 5G Network Using Different Speed Test Applications for Mobile Phones, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Instruments, Conferences, Quality of service, Mobile handsets, Reliability, Analysis of variance. Abstract: This paper presents a study using three popular speed test applications for mobile phones, including Speedtest, OpenSignal and nPerf. The study was designed to test the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters at the concourse level of 60 Skytrain stations in Bangkok, Thailand. By conducting the stationary tests with one major 5G network operator in the Thai market using these three applications, 180 records of data per application were collected. The results of download and upload speeds and latency were focused. The results from different applications reveal that the average values of speed and latency from each application are not the same. The download speeds obtained from Speedtest, OpenSignal and nPerf are 403.5 Mbpas, 326.4 Mbps and 291.6 Mbps respectively, while the upload speeds obtained from those applications are 97.2 Mbps, 83.4 Mbps and 183.9 Mbps respectively. Analysis using ANOVA and t-test was also conducted. This analysis shows significant differences among the download and upload speeds and latencies from these three applications, with p-values of less than 0.05. It can be concluded that QoS parameters measured by different applications tend to be different. Therefore, the average QoS results should be the average results from at least three applications for fairness and reliability. |
10,965 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Distributed Medical Record Storage using Blockchain and Emergency Sharing Using Multi-Party Computation, and key words: Industries, Privacy, Hospitals, Economic indicators, Sociology, Blockchain, Public key cryptography. Abstract: Consuming over 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) of most developed nations, the healthcare industry forms an enormous part of a country's economy. With this industry catering to such a large section of the population, each diagnosed case may have varying levels of severity. A robust and fluid system of care naturally causes significant privacy concerns involving patient information. We propose a working model for secure storage of historical medical records of a patient and protected sharing between doctors and hospitals. A medical file is encrypted using a random symmetric key and is stored in a decentralized peer-peer storage system. The random symmetric key is encrypted using the patient's public key and is securely stored in a public blockchain. The patient's private key, along with the hospital's public key, is input into a proxy key generation cryptosystem that uses a Yao's Multiparty Computation Circuit, to produce a re-encryption key. This key can be used to re-encrypt the random symmetric key stored in the Blockchain to give a ciphertext that can further be deciphered using the hospital's private key. Thus, with the decoded random symmetric key in hand, the medical record is retrieved from storage and decrypted for access. The medical record is then forwarded to a specialized doctor for specific treatment. This system is secure and provides the doctor with the patient's medical records on demand with a fast and immutable technique. |
10,966 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Image Optimization Model of New Media Immersive Display Platform of Digital Traditional Culture, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Software algorithms, Imaging, Media, Market research, Software. Abstract: 3D image optimization model of the new media immersive display platform of the digital traditional culture is designed in the paper. In the designed model, the 3D imaging should be integrated. In the process of multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image processing, firstly, the discrete attributes of the measured image should be sampled and displayed more accurately, intuitively and stereoscopically through the image, so as to achieve the expected effect. Then, for the robust system, the data media mining algorithm is optimized. For the implementation of the system, the Python is used to construct the efficient software structure. Then, the designed model is simulated. It can be concluded from the simulation that the designed platform is efficient. |
10,967 | Please write an abstract with title: TE scattering from PEC object partially embedded at dielectric rough surface interface, and key words: Tellurium, Dielectrics, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Sea surface, Electromagnetic scattering, Region 1, Engine cylinders, Surface waves, Message-oriented middleware. Abstract: MoM with pulse basis functions and point-matching technique is applied to analyse the scattering from PEC cylinders partially embedded in dielectric rough surface between two media, for the TE case. A numerical tool to study the LGA scattering problem by partially buried targets can also be extended to calculate scattering from partially embedded dielectric objects on the dielectric rough surface. |
10,968 | Please write an abstract with title: Nanoscale devices for solid state refrigeration and power generation, and key words: Nanoscale devices, Solid state circuits, Refrigeration, Power generation, Energy conversion, Elementary particle vacuum, Power engineering and energy, Thermal engineering, Superlattices, Quantum dots. Abstract: A brief review of various techniques to engineer nanoscale thermal and electrical properties of materials is given. The main emphasis is on various energy conversion mechanisms, particularly, thermo electric refrigeration and power generation. Recent experimental and theoretical results on superlattice and quantum dot thermoelectrics and solid-state and vacuum thermionic thin film devices are reviewed. We also present an overview of the research activities at the multi university Thermionic Energy Conversion Center on the design of solid-state and vacuum devices that could convert heat into electricity with hot side temperatures ranging from 300 to 650C and with high conversion efficiency. |
10,969 | Please write an abstract with title: Indoor location using received signal strength of IEEE 802.11b access point, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Databases, Neural networks, Multi-layer neural network, Mathematical model, Pattern matching, Base stations, Multilayer perceptrons, Performance evaluation, Testing. Abstract: In this paper, the fingerprinting technique is employed to locate a mobile user inside a building. The fingerprint information, collected from real in-building measurements, is formed by three IEEE 802.11b access points' signal strength data received by the mobile user. Three different pattern-matching algorithms have been studied: the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, the generalized radial neural network (GRNN) and the K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm. Their performances in terms of localization accuracy are compared on both training and testing data. Results show that the K-nearest neighbours gives the best localization accuracy. The effect of the measurement's grid spacing has also been investigated. Experimental results show that the localization accuracy increases when the grid spacing decreases. However, when the spacing reaches a certain threshold value, the accuracy starts to deteriorate. It can be shown that, in reality, the localization accuracy is improved even after the considered threshold value |
10,970 | Please write an abstract with title: BER analysis of BPSK signaling in Ricean-faded cochannel interference, and key words: Bit error rate, Signal analysis, Binary phase shift keying, Interchannel interference, Fading, Rayleigh channels, Error analysis, Performance analysis, Nakagami distribution, Phase shift keying. Abstract: The bit error rate of a binary phase shift keying signal in Ricean-faded cochannel interference is studied. A precise bit error rate expression based on a characteristic function method is derived for a bandlimited binary phase shift keying signal corrupted by an arbitrary number of asynchronous Ricean-faded interfering signals. For the special case when there is one synchronous Ricean-faded interfering signal, a Chernoff bound analysis is performed and it predicts that the error floor of the desired user signal decreases with an increase of the Rice factor in the interfering user's fading channel. However, our precise bit error rate analysis results reveal that the opposite phenomenon can also happen, in particular when the signal-to-interference power ratio is low. A saddle-point approximation based error rate analysis is also provided. It is shown that this approximation is highly accurate. An asymptotic analysis based on the saddle-point approximation further reveals that a minimum signal-to-interference power ratio is required to have the desired user's error rate performance improved by a less-faded interfering signal. |
10,971 | Please write an abstract with title: Calibration of Wideband Autocorrelation Radiometer with a Comb Filter for RFI Mitigation, and key words: Correlation, Comb filters, Calibration, Microwave radiometry, Time-domain analysis, Microwave filters, Wideband. Abstract: This paper presents a new calibration for a microwave radiometric technique known as time domain wideband autocorrelation radiometry (TD-WiBAR). TD-WiBAR is a new method which can measure the thickness of low-loss layers, such as snow and ice packs, in the time domain which is faster than in the frequency domain. We propose a new comb filter which acts like a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) in optics for suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) in the received spectrum of the WiBAR. |
10,972 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating effort reduction through different word prediction systems, and key words: Keyboards, Software standards, Prototypes, Testing, Communication system control, Standards development, Application software, Personal digital assistants, Writing, Software measurement. Abstract: Access to computers for all is very important for disabled users. Screen keyboards enhanced by a word prediction system are precious tools for people with severe arm mobility problems. This paper compares efficiency for text input through several screen keyboards. Then, more detailed measurements have been done to explain why the PolyPredix/spl trade/ prediction system used by keystrokes provides the best results for disabled users in terms of effort reduction. |
10,973 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and design considerations of a buck converter with a hysteretic PWM controller, and key words: Buck converters, Hysteresis, Pulse width modulation, Pulse width modulation converters, Inductors, Steady-state, Switching frequency, Propagation delay, Voltage control, Circuits. Abstract: This paper presents an analysis and design considerations of a buck converter with a hysteretic PWM controller consist only of a comparator with a hysteresis. The ramp voltage superimposed on the output is supplied to the comparator from a simple RC network connected in parallel to the inductor winding. The steady-state output voltage and the switching frequency are initially examined taking the propagation delay in the control circuit into account. Next, the transfer functions of the output voltage for the input voltage and the load current are analyzed. The transient response of the output voltage for the step load change is also investigated by using the state equation. Furthermore, the design of the time constant of RC networks as a key parameter is discussed. |
10,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Estimation from Icesat-2 Using Different Parameter Schemes, and key words: Microwave integrated circuits, Snow, Sea measurements, Estimation, Arctic, Microwave FET integrated circuits, Remote sensing. Abstract: This paper estimated Arctic monthly sea ice thickness (SIT) using the ICESat-2 gridded monthly sea ice freeboard product (ATL20) with the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. Different snow and ice parameters are applied to illustrate the effects of auxiliary data on the SIT retrievals. Snow depth data are from three sources including climatology observation, microwave remote sensing and reanalysis data, while six snow/ice density combination schemes were adopted. The results show the averaged monthly sea ice freeboard from ICESat-2 ATL20 product well captures the seasonal variation of sea ice freeboard and sea ice growth in Arctic winter, which can be further used to estimate SIT. The difference of monthly SIT from different snow and ice density schemes is smaller than that caused by snow depth. Overall, the largest difference caused by snow depth in mean SIT is ~0.50 m, while that caused by the snow and ice density is ~0. 15 m. The best parameter scheme of SIT inversion using ICESat-2 needs to be further investigated using field measurements in the future. |
10,975 | Please write an abstract with title: A Meshless Solution of a Small-Strain Plasticity Problem, and key words: Force, Solids, Libraries, Finite element analysis, Numerical models, Plastics, Stress. Abstract: When the deformations of a solid body are sufficiently large, parts of the body undergo a permanent deformation commonly refereed to as plastic deformation. Several plasticity models describing such phenomenon have been proposed, e.g. von Mises, Tresca, etc. Traditionally, the finite element method (FEM) is the numerical tool of choice for engineers who are solving such problems. In this work, however, we present the implementation of the von Mises plasticity model with non-linear isotropic hardening in our in-house developed MEDUSA library, utilizing a variant of meshless methods – namely the radial basis function-generated finite differences (RBF-FD). We define a simple plane stress case, where a 2D block is fixed at one edge, and a tensile force, which causes the block to deform, is applied to it at the opposite edge. We show that results are in good agreement with the numerical solution obtained by Abaqus FEA, a commercial FEM solver. |
10,976 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of Load Balancing Techniques in Cloud Computing, and key words: Industries, Cloud computing, Philosophical considerations, Information security, Signal processing, Load management, Computer security. Abstract: In today’s environment cloud computing is widely useful for end users to store and access large amount of data. CC has been seen as unrelated to technology that creates the next generation computer revolution and is rapidly becoming a hot topic in the IT industry. This fast-paced CC has fueled concerns about the key to success of information systems, communications, detection, social testing and integrity, data availability, the science system, and information security. Therefore, the study of CC has attracted much interest in recent years. In this paper, we aim to highlight current open problems and challenges in CC. We have discussed this paper three times: first we talk about CC and the many services it provides. Second we highlight a few security issues for CC based on its service level. We then point out a number of open challenges from the perspective of Cloud Computer Discovery and its future implications. This work includes the highlights of the platforms available in the present era of cloud development and research. |
10,977 | Please write an abstract with title: The Real-Time Mobile Application for Identification of Diseases in Coffee Leaves using the CNN Model, and key words: Visualization, Atmospheric modeling, Plants (biology), Moisture, Weather forecasting, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Coffee plants are extremely susceptible to a wide range of pests and diseases. Usage of reckless pesticides can lead to increased pathogen resistance in the long run, severely limiting coffee plants' ability to fight. Plant health monitoring and disease detection in plants are very critical for sustainable agriculture. As there is a rapid rise in the number of diseases and low awareness of these conditions, disease detection and prevention remain a major concern. Coffee leaves have certain textures and visually striking similarities that can be used to identify the disease type. The proposed solution is used to detect coffee leaf diseases and classify them into five categories: healthy, diseased leaves with Brown eye spots, Coffee Leaf Blight, Coffee Leaf Rust, and Coffee Leaf Miner. The paper focuses on building a CNN model which processes the leaf images that can be used for the detection of plant diseases with digital image processing techniques for disease diagnosis using visual image processing techniques. This solution serves its purpose by identifying and classifying the diseases based on the features derived from the Coffee leaf picture samples with an accuracy of 88.35%. With the aid of the above technique, coffee plant farmers may be able to identify diseases more quickly, increasing India's coffee production output. The proposed system was designed to benefit farmers and the agricultural sector, especially in the Karnataka region. |
10,978 | Please write an abstract with title: Review on Manufacturing Methods of Functionally Graded Material of Solid-State Batteries, and key words: Electrodes, Resistance, Photovoltaic systems, Wind energy, Amplitude modulation, Electrolytes, Mechanical factors. Abstract: Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) has been a critical component for solar Photovoltaic and wind energy implementation, Electric Vehicle (EV) implementation, and other electronic devices that require a battery. However, further LIB development exposed safety issues such as battery explosion due to short circuits caused by lithium dendrite growth. All- Solid-State Battery (SSB) is considered the most promising prospect due to the non-flammable characteristic of the SSB. Nevertheless, some problems still need to be solved, for example, impedance resulting from interfacial and internal resistance of both electrodes and electrolytes, ionic conductivity, and battery’s mechanical properties. Therefore, several studies show that Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) implemented for SSB electrolytes and electrodes is one of the prospects to solve this problem. This review paper discusses recent research on SSB and FGM, manufacturing methods, and future development of FGM manufacturing for SSB. |
10,979 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-resolved measurements of bit-error-rate and optical-signal-to-noise-ratio degradations caused by EDFA gain dynamics in a WDM network, and key words: Degradation, Optical attenuators, Optical receivers, Signal to noise ratio, Optical noise, Pulse measurements, Bit error rate, Time measurement, Optical filters, Optical saturation. Abstract: Summary from only given. We demonstrated the usefulness of a new technique for making time-resolved measurements of bit error rate (BER) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). As an example, we measured the OSNR and the BER of a surviving channel as the channel loading was varied by 100%. A severe drop of 5 dB in OSNR was observed despite the fact that the channel power decreased by 3 dB only. |
10,980 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on the Design and Display of Spatio-temporal Database of the History and Culture of “Three Hills and Five Gardens”, and key words: Digital systems, Education, Spatial databases, History, Cultural differences, Information technology, Standards. Abstract: As the largest royal garden, “three hills and five gardens” is a masterpiece in the history of world gardening. With important information of Beijing’s history and culture, it is a three-dimensional historical book describing history and culture in the form of garden. Based on the literature, the cultural elements are condensed and the elemental pedigree chart of spatio-temporal database of “three hills and five gardens” came into being with reference to the idea of knowledge map and rich cultural elements. The aim of this research is to excavate the historical and cultural connotation of “three hills and five gardens”, relying on information technology, taking the history and culture of “three hill and five gardens” as the theme, taking cultural pedigree as the core. Therefore, the spatial and temporal database of history and culture of “three hills and five gardens” has been constructed to provide support for the heritage and application of history and culture in order to serve for the research platform of “three hills and five gardens”. |
10,981 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide Architectures for Microfluidic Biosensing and Environmental Detection, and key words: Antenna measurements, Liquids, Horn antennas, Computer architecture, Humidity, Sensors, Biosensors. Abstract: This paper presents two novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensing-elements for microfluidic biosensing and environmental detection. The first proposed structure is a SIW interferometer for biological liquids characterization. The operation principle of the latter is based on the variation of the effective dielectric constant of a sensitive branch due to the introduction of aqueous solutions into a sensitive region of a total volume of ~1 µL. To achieve a destructive interference, the signal division and combination have been carried out using microstrip Wilkinson power dividers. The sensitive characteristics of the device have been tested by measuring two buffer solutions; Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI). In regards to the second proposed device, it consists of an H-plane SIW-based horn antenna demonstrated for relative humidity (RH) sensing. The sensitive characteristics of the proposed antenna without the use of a sensitive layer were tested in the range of 25%–75% RH. The combination of antenna and sensor functions in a single substrate integrated device offers multiple advantages and enables the development of simple, compact and cost-effective sensors. Passive RFID sensing is also possible with this technique without resorting to the use of additional sensors. |
10,982 | Please write an abstract with title: Localization of miniature mobile robots using constant curvature dynamic contours, and key words: Mobile robots, Cameras, Target tracking, Robot vision systems, Acceleration, Monitoring, Orbital robotics, Shape, Computer science, Springs. Abstract: Presents a method for localizing miniature mobile robots (Scouts) using dynamic contours. An observer robot with a camera follows the miniature robot as it moves and jumps in the workspace. Dynamic contours are very effective in tracking the fast accelerations and decelerations of the Scout robot. We show initial experimental results with particular emphasis on the task of monitoring a Scout during jumps. |
10,983 | Please write an abstract with title: Message-efficient self-organization of wireless sensor networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Clustering algorithms, Actuators, Bandwidth, Intelligent sensors, Intelligent transportation systems, Routing, Upper bound, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Distributed self-organization algorithms for wireless sensor (and actuator) networks must have low message complexity from energy and bandwidth considerations. In this paper, we present a novel approach for message-efficient clustering, in which nodes allocate local growth budgets to neighbors. We introduce two algorithms that make use of this approach. Unlike the expanding ring approach [C.V. Ramamoorhty, A. Bhide, and J. Srivastava, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '87, 1987], our algorithms do not involve the initiator in each round, and do not violate the specified upper bound on the cluster size at any time. We derive analytical performance bounds of our algorithms and also provide performance results from simulations. The algorithms produce clusters of bounded size and low diameter, using significantly fewer messages than the expanding ring approach. |
10,984 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Prior Method for Fourier Ptychography Microscopy, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Image resolution, Inverse problems, Lighting, Graphics processing units, Apertures. Abstract: Fourier Ptychography is an emerging microscope technique which is increasingly used for biological samples of high importance. The technique allows for stunning resolution without having to cope with a restricted field of view. This result is achieved by combining phase retrieval with an aperture synthesis procedure, indeed casting the technique as one of the most advanced computational imaging investigation methods. Due to the nature of the inverse problem involved (phase retrieval), currently only iterative algorithms can be deployed for reconstruction, thus delaying the image visualization from the acquisition process. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method to seed the iterative reconstruction and obtain a higher quality result in a shorter time. A parameter agnostic CNN is trained to produce an initial estimate for the iterative process. The final reconstructions exhibit a reduced number of artefacts, even for a limited illumination Numerical Aperture. Our method is decisive to relax the design of the illumination array. |
10,985 | Please write an abstract with title: mmWave 5G NR Cellular Handset Prototype Featuring Optically Invisible Beamforming Antenna-on-Display, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Telephone sets, Array signal processing, Directive antennas, Mobile antennas, Antenna accessories. Abstract: The reduced link margins caused by undesired blockage such as the user's hand and inherent limitations of beamsteering angles for planar antenna components constitute one of the most critical challenges for future mmWave mobile devices. This underscores the need for a new beamforming antenna strategy, which can enhance the foreside coverage with minimum compromise. This article provides a detailed overview of an mmWave beamforming antenna concept denoted as an optically invisible antenna-on-display (AoD), which can enhance the CDF, especially in the foreside direction of mobile devices such as cellular handsets. In contrast to existing antenna component strategies, the AoD is integrated within the view area of high-resolution OLED or LCD display panels of cellular handsets while remaining unnoticeable to the human eye through the use of nano-scale patterns. This allows the realization of highly precise beamforming in the foreside direction for large-screen mobile devices. The fundamental phased-array AoD strategy is introduced and compared with existing mmWave 5G beamforming antenna strategies for mmWave 5G NR cellular handsets. The operating mechanism of the mmWave 5G phased-array AoD component and its integration with existing wireless component architectures and a 537 ppi density OLED panel are considered. This concept is further refined by integrating a series of fabricated 28 GHz phased-array AoD components within a real-life mmWave 5G NR Android-based cellular handset prototype reported in the literature for the first time. The foreside beamforming characteristics at 28 GHz are experimentally studied followed by investigation of OTA measured EVMs using QPSK, 16- and 64-QAM mmWave 5G NR waveform signals in accordance with the 3GPP requirement. |
10,986 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning a Tree of Neural Nets, and key words: Deep learning, Conferences, Neural networks, Optimization methods, Signal processing, Acoustics, Decision trees. Abstract: Much of the success of deep learning is due to choosing good neural net architectures and being able to train them effectively. A type of architecture that has been long sought is one that combines decision trees and neural nets. This is straightforward if the tree makes soft decisions (i.e., an input instance follows all paths in the tree with different probabilities), because the model is differentiable. However, the optimization is much harder if the tree makes hard decisions, but this produces an architecture that is much faster at inference, since an instance follows a single path in the tree. We show that it is possible to train such architectures, with guaranteed monotonic decrease of the loss, and demonstrate it by learning trees with linear decision nodes and deep nets at the leaves. The resulting architecture improves state-of-the-art deep nets, by achieving comparable or lower classification error but with fewer parameters and faster inference time. In particular, we show that, rather than improving a ResNet by making it deeper, it is better to construct a tree of small ResNets. The resulting tree-net hybrid is also more interpretable. |
10,987 | Please write an abstract with title: A high power Q-band MMIC power amplifier based on dual-recess 0.15 /spl mu/m pHEMT, and key words: MMICs, High power amplifiers, PHEMTs, Power amplifiers, Power generation, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Gallium arsenide, Process design, Fabrication, FETs. Abstract: This paper demonstrates a three stage Q-band power amplifier based on TriQuint's three metal interconnect (3MI) technology and 0.15/spl mu/m dual-recess GaAs pHEMT process. The design, fabrication and experimental results of the MMIC amplifier are discussed. The amplifier employed a balanced configuration to achieve higher output power and good return loss. Each half consisted of three amplification stages with a 1:2:2 drive ratio and 12.8 mm of total FET periphery. Utilizing dual recess pHEMT technology the amplifier can be biased at Vds = 6V with 2A quiescent current; an equivalent of 150mA/mm current density. The amplifier can deliver 34 dBm of output power over a 41-46 GHz bandwidth with 15dB gain and typically -15dB return loss. The chip dimensions are 3.4 mm /spl times/ 4.2 mm. Due to the high-integration level, this Q-band MMIC amplifier enables low cost millimeter-wave RF equipment for potential point to point radio communications and military applications. |
10,988 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study on Centralized MAC Protocols for 60 GHz mmWave Communications, and key words: Protocols, 5G mobile communication, Wireless personal area networks, Millimeter wave technology, Interference, Media Access Protocol, Propagation losses. Abstract: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications are potential technology for modern 5G wireless personal area networks (WPANs). As the number of wirelessly connected devices increases, the need for a high data transfer rate can be supplemented by centralized control and directional transmission. However, communication at 60 GHz poses different challenges, including propagation loss, interference management, anti-blockage, spatial reuse, and resource allocation. Addressing these issues requires much attention at the media access control (MAC) layer. To alleviate these critical challenges, we investigate the existing centralized protocols and discuss the possible solution approaches. |
10,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Response and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Expansion Tubes Under Axial Impact, and key words: Electron tubes, Strain, Pistons, Absorption, Force, Dynamics, Friction. Abstract: The expansion tube is normally used in impact-resistant components, owing to the stable expansion force, and high specific energy-absorption capacity. This paper reports the deformation mechanism and energy absorption characteristics of expansion tube subject to impact velocity ranging from 0.083 m/s to 48.84 m/s. The effects of cone piston semi angle, tube wall thickness, and impact velocity on expansion tube performance were studied via experimental measurements and numerical modeling. The mechanical responses of the expansion tube were measured using a universal gas gun setup. The energy absorption capacity of the expansion tube absorber was identified to be different under quasi-static and dynamic compressions. The dynamic expansion force is lower than the quasi-static expansion force, which is about 62.2%-76.6% of the static expansion force, but the deformation mechanisms of the tube under quasi-static loading and dynamic impact are same. A finite element numerical model was built and validated with the experimental data. The finite element predictions were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. It was shown that the decrease in the friction coefficient is the main reason for the dynamic expansion force lower than the quasi-static expansion force. The influence of cone piston semi angle and tube wall thickness are significant on the energy absorption capacity of the tube. The dynamic expansion response does not change significantly when the impact velocity is less than 50 m/s. Under dynamic impact, the change of energy absorption efficiency is negligible, and the plastic deformation energy is about 64%-71.5% of the total kinetic energy of striker. |
10,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Offline Handwriting Recognition Pipeline Testing Tool, and key words: Handwriting recognition, Text recognition, User interfaces, Tools, Character recognition, Task analysis, Testing. Abstract: Recognition of handwritten text from historical documents is a very difficult problem that has not been fully solved. Many approaches have been used to recognize text and many new machine-learning-based approaches are currently being developed. To develop new methods of handwriting recognition, many ancillary steps that are not directly related to the new method must be put in place. These additional steps include loading images, cleaning documents, measuring performance, and displaying outputs. These extra actions take time that could instead be focused on the new method. This paper describes an application that was designed and created to provide all the supplementary steps needed to develop new approaches to offline handwriting recognition. It explains a pipeline-based approach that fits the sequence of steps most often used in the recognition process. The resulting application provides the framework that allows researchers to focus on their primary area of experimentation in the handwriting recognition process. |
10,991 | Please write an abstract with title: Pedestrian Detection in Metro Station Based on Improved SSD, and key words: pedestrian detection, SSD, metro station, feature fusion. Abstract: In crowded scenes such as subway stations, due to the high pedestrian density and high occlusion, most existing pedestrian detection methods are difficult to obtain a good result, and have poor robustness to small targets. In response to this problem, our work proposes a modified human detection network which based the SSD(Single Shot MultiBox Detector) model. First, combined with the pedestrian data analysis of the scene, the head and shoulder model is introduced. Then, the SF-SSD network is proposed. Based on the SSD network, the low-level feature map is merged and its location information is used to accurately detect small targets. Finally, experiments are carried out on the subway pedestrian dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method of SF-SSD network effectively reduces the false positive rate and missed detection rate of SSD network on subway pedestrian dataset, and meets the real-time performance requirement of pedestrian detection. At the same time, the robustness is improved, and pedestrian detection in dense crowd scenarios is effectively realized. |
10,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Biological Temperature Retrieval by Scanning Radiometry, and key words: Temperature sensors, Microwave radiometry, Temperature measurement, Microwave measurements, Applicators, Deconvolution, Hyperthermia, Remote monitoring, Microwave devices, Numerical simulation. Abstract: This paper refers to the retrieval of two-dimensional thermal fields in biological bodies from multispectral microwave measurements by a scanning waveguide applicator. A formulation of the inverse radiometric problem suitable for a two-step solution (transverse deconvolution and profile retrieval) is outlined. The performance of the inversion procedure is tested by a numerical evaluation of the impulse response of the resulting algorithm. |
10,993 | Please write an abstract with title: On the use of Gegenbauer polynomials in the synthesis of arrays, and key words: Polynomials, Shape, Chebyshev approximation, Attenuation. Abstract: The paper reconsiders the application of the Gegenbauer polynomials to the design of directive linear/planar arrays. The shape of the resulting radiation pattern fits typical specifications better than classical choices, as the Gegenbauer profile allows the specifications to be satisfied on the sidelobe levels for two distinct angles. In the intermediate region, the sidelobe levels decrease, as is often required in practice. Therefore, by a suitable choice of the degree and order of the polynomials, it is possible to shape the radiation pattern precisely. |
10,994 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Traffic Signal Control Algorithms in a Large-Scale Traffic Simulation Environment, and key words: Adaptation models, Q-learning, Neural networks, Traffic control, Task analysis, Information technology, Nanotechnology. Abstract: The problem of traffic signal control remains an important task solving in intelligent transport systems. The elaboration of machine learning methods has led to the active development of adaptive methods for controlling traffic signals based on reinforcement learning. At the same time, in existing works, the comparison of classical approaches to control with methods built on reinforcement learning is carried out either on synthetic scenarios or on real-world scenarios that include a small number of intersections. In this paper, we compare traffic signal control algorithms in a large-scale scenario for simulating vehicle movement in the SUMO simulation system. Namely, we evaluate value-based (Q-learning) and policy-based (PPO, Actor-Critic) reinforcement learning algorithms and classical (SOTL, MaxPressure) approaches. To conduct research, we develop a simulation scenario based on the well-established SUMO real-world scenario “TAPAS Cologne”. |
10,995 | Please write an abstract with title: The Application Status and Future Prospects of Computer in Garment Management, and key words: Clothing, Computers, Production, Image color analysis, Manuals, Deep learning, Wiring. Abstract: This paper briefly analyzes the application and future prospects of computers in fashion design, garment size, clothing production and clothing sales, hoping to bring some reference experience to related companies. |
10,996 | Please write an abstract with title: Audio Surveillance System(ASS): Merging of Acoustic Events Recognition and Classification through Deep Learning, and key words: acoustic, ASR, DNN, deep learning algorithm, ASS algorithm. Abstract: Despite the widespread use of Closed-Circuit TV for security purposes, CCTVs still include several weak points that can affect the quality of the provided surveillance services. Scientists and engineers are taking advantage of the continuous advancements in computer science by utilizing technology to improve acoustic recognition & classification approaches with the most efficient manners but at the cost of higher complexities. In this research, we focused on overcoming missing data paired with the use of existent surveillance approaches by adding acoustic surveillance features. We propose a low-complexity fully optimized algorithm that combines acoustic's recognition and classification algorithms. The proposed Audio Surveillance System (ASS) algorithm uses acoustic input which is then processed through the algorithm using the employed deep learning approaches to extract irregular patterns and classify them into appropriate categories to be used as a surveillance input. |
10,997 | Please write an abstract with title: A decimation filter for Sigma delta modulator in FMCW radar transceiver and the design methodology, and key words: Finite impulse response filters, Delays, Radar, Sigma-delta modulation, Frequency modulation, Radar cross-sections, Transceivers. Abstract: This paper presents a design and the design methodology of a decimation filter for both a Sigma delta ADC and its application in a FMCW radar transceiver. A 16-bits decimation filter fulfills the quantization noise reduction to meet FMCW dynamic range with a small area cost. Also this filter has low DSR to lower the system frequency and power consumption at given word rate. |
10,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Decryption of a random-phase multiplexing holographic data storage, and key words: Holography, Memory, Cryptography, Holographic optical components, Glass, Laser beams, Data storage systems, Photorefractive materials, Crystals, Iron. Abstract: It is generally believed that there is in practice no way to decrypt a random phase encrypted volume holographic data storage system unless the original random phase plate for the encryption is available. Here we demonstrate that under certain conditions, there are still ways to decrypt an encrypted LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal holographic storage system. In addition to presenting experimental evidence for such a decryption, problems and difficulties in the experiments are discussed. |
10,999 | Please write an abstract with title: Human Action Recognition using Skeleton features, and key words: Solid modeling, Image recognition, Tensors, Three-dimensional displays, Feature extraction, Solids, Skeleton. Abstract: Many research works proposed in the field of action recognition based on the pose estimated in each frame. But most of these research works demanded a large amount of computing to store and process the collection of video frames. So we observed that Action recognition is computationally expensive. Our main objective was to find suitable features and classify human behavior based on action recognition. So to address these problems of storing and processing video input RGB frames, we came up with a new approach that is computationally not expensive. We convert the videos into skeleton-based Spatial-temporal Graphical (ST_GCN) frames that can detect human action more accurately than the direct RGB input. To derive solid development designs from these diagrams, a broad range and multi-scale setting total and perceptual demonstrating region unit significant parts of a solid feature extractor is required. We initially used tensor flow pose estimation CMU, Mobile-Net Pre Trained-Models by Open Pose and Tensor flow are used to train on the COCO dataset to extract key feature points. Then, NTU RGB D 60 3D skeleton data from Rapid-Rich Object Research Lab and MS_G3D model, which has more substantial generalization capability, have opted, and performance measured based on the model's accuracy on test data. Moreover, our models could profoundly classify a human's abnormal and normal behavioral patterns of a human based on their actions. |
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