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11,100 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of an Underactuated Reusable Launch Vehicle by Partial Feedback Linearization, and key words: Backstepping, Uncertainty, Estimation, Numerical simulation, Disturbance observers, Stability analysis, Feedback linearization. Abstract: The control issue of an underactuated reusable launch vehicle (RLV) involving nonminimum phase problem is considered in this paper. The considered RLV system has more outputs than the available inputs, preventing it from fully feedback linearization by traditional dynamic inversion or backstepping methods. To address this issue, an approach combining backstepping and partial feedback linearization is proposed, which linearizes the system to the maximum extent and locally stabilize the nonlinear part at the same time. The controller is divided into an outer loop which is the attitude angle subsystem and an inner loop which is the angular rate subsystem. The outer loop controller is designed like standard backstepping while the inner loop uses a partial feedback linearization control law to stabilize the system with limited numbers of control inputs. A disturbance observer is designed for each loop to estimate the lumped uncertainties and the estimation is incorporated into the controller to make the control system more robust. Stability analysis are given, and numerical simulations are taken to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
11,101 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Automated Energy Meter Fraud Detection System Based on Artificial Intelligence, and key words: Meters, Visualization, Costs, Computer architecture, Inspection, Software, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Energy meter frauds are increasingly innovative and complex, making them harder to detect and demanding different solutions while bringing undesirable costs for energy companies and consumers. Most of the current solutions use energy measurements differences to find tampering in meters, and many of them cannot be applied in field inspections, causing the costs to escalate even more until detected. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a combination of solutions based on Artificial Intelligence that together tries to automatize and simplify the inspection process and increase the assertiveness in field fraud tracking. The first one is based on a combination of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to classify the meter’s internal impedance and determine if modifications were made in its circuit. To optimize the processing time, the implementation is done with a Hardware/Software co-design. The second solution tracks visual irregularities within the meter area using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Both solutions are integrated into a mobile application, allowing them to be applied in field inspections. Results indicate that the TDR ANN technique was able to identify every tampered meter tested, and the CNN solution, even with a final F1-score of 0.67, which may not be high due to the small and unbalanced datasets, it is still good enough for field inspections. |
11,102 | Please write an abstract with title: A Bidirectional Fast EV Charger for Wide Voltage Range Using Three-Level DAB Based on Current and Voltage Stress Optimization, and key words: Voltage control, Stress, Bridge circuits, Topology, Electric vehicles, Particle swarm optimization, Power quality. Abstract: Converter cost is the crucial concern while designing off-board electric vehicle (EV) chargers for high-voltage charging applications using advanced high breakover voltage power semiconductor switches. To solve this problem, multilevel topology is used with the typical dual active bridge (DAB) for the development of high-voltage and high-power EV charging. It offers low cost, compact, less complex control, highly efficient, and reliable development. This article presents the design and development of bidirectional off-board fast EV charger with voltage and current stress optimization for wide voltage range. It is designed with two-stage power conversion. Here, active front-end converter is connected to three phase grid and controlled through synchronous reference frame (SRF) d-q control approach for active rectification. The large range of power and voltage variation in off-board EV charger design makes it challenging to develop a controller that allows the converter to operate inside the zero voltage switching (ZVS) operating region. In this context, a detailed circuit analysis of dc–dc stage with dual phase shift (DPS) control under different operating conditions is presented to identify the coordinates of safe operating region with reduced voltage stress. To select the converter control parameters with optimum current stress in conjunction with reduced voltage stress, particle-swarm-optimization technique is applied to the identified operating regions. This provides a unique selection criterion for both control parameters over wide voltage conversion ratio. A coordinated control is designed based on the identified boundaries for easy implementation and less computation burden on microcontroller units (MCUs). A 7.2-kW system is designed and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. A 3.3-kW laboratory prototype is designed to validate the identified operating points with wide battery voltage range under varying source and loading scenarios. |
11,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Precipitation Regimes on Deep Learning based Nowcasting Performance, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Reflectivity, Rain, Radar, Radar imaging, Predictive models. Abstract: Precipitation nowcasting refers to a detailed analysis and description of the current precipitation and then forecasting ahead for a period from 0 to 6 h. It plays an important role in early weather warning system and real-time decision making for disaster management and risk reduction. In the past few years, deep learning techniques have shown dramatic promise in this area. However, the performance of deep learning methods is influenced by the diversity of data and underlying precipitation microphysics. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based system for precipitation nowcasting using multi-radar observations and investigates the impact of two typical precipitation regimes on the nowcasting performance. The nowcasting problem is first transformed into an image-to-image prediction problem. The input of the model is five consecutive radar images of previous observations; the output is the predicted radar reflectivity images. Actual observations from “future” sequences are used as targets in the training stage. The system is trained using convective precipitation data and tested during both stratiform and convective precipitation events. Preliminary results show that this nowcasting system has excellent performance during convective precipitation events and a great potential to be upgraded for stratiform rain applications. |
11,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Observations and analysis of long-duration, constant-posture, force-varying, fatiguing EMG, and key words: Electromyography, Frequency domain analysis, Force feedback, Amplitude estimation, Frequency estimation, Stress, Injuries, Force measurement, Muscles, Physiology. Abstract: In this paper, electromyographic (EMG) data from long-duration (30-90 minutes), constant-posture, force-varying, fatiguing contractions of the hand were analyzed for trends. Both time (EMG amplitude) and frequency domain (EMG mean power frequency) parameters were tracked. For these long-duration contractions, results found no consistent change in either parameter, even though all subjects continued contractions until exhaustion. |
11,105 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible Speech Translation Systems, and key words: Natural languages, Speech synthesis, Automatic speech recognition, Handheld computers, Personal digital assistants, Portable computers, Speech recognition, Resource management, Concrete, Costs. Abstract: Speech translation research has made significant progress over the years with many high-visibility efforts showing that translation of spontaneously spoken speech from and to diverse languages is possible and applicable in a variety of domains. As language and domains continue to expand, practical concerns such as portability and reconfigurability of speech come into play: system maintenance becomes a key issue and data is never sufficient to cover the changing domains over varying languages. In this paper, we discuss strategies to overcome the limits of today's speech translation systems. In the first part, we describe our layered system architecture that allows for easy component integration, resource sharing across components, comparison of alternative approaches, and the migration toward hybrid desktop/PDA or stand-alone PDA systems. In the second part, we show how flexibility and reconfigurability is implemented by more radically relying on learning approaches and use our English–Thai two-way speech translation system as a concrete example. |
11,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Power control for multirate CDMA systems with imperfect successive interference cancellation, and key words: Power control, Multiaccess communication, Interference cancellation, Decoding, Silicon carbide, Quality of service, Power distribution, Base stations, Bit rate, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this paper, we will address the issue of power distribution and decoding order in the uplink side of a multirate code division multiple access (CDMA) system based on linear successive interference cancellation (SIC). First, the closed form expressions for the required received powers at the base station, in order to achieve the users bit rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements, will be derived. Then, we will investigate the problem of optimal decoding order of the users under imperfect interference cancellation condition and will show that optimum decoding order of users, unlike the case of perfect SIC, is a function of their requested SINR values in addition to their path gains. Finally, we will derive new criteria for decoding order of users in multirate SIC-based CDMA systems. |
11,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Wrist Vein Recognition by Fusion of Multiple Handcrafted Methods, and key words: Wrist, Human computer interaction, Deep learning, Histograms, Databases, Veins, Feature extraction. Abstract: A wrist vein recognition system is proposed in this paper. The system combines three texture-based feature descriptors, namely, multiple filters of Binarized Statistical Image Features (M-BSIF), 2D Gabor filter, and Histogram of Gradient orientation by Decision-Level Fusion. The method was tested on two publicly available datasets obtained from FYO and PUT databases. The proposed method outperforms the individual descriptors and achieves 95.63% and 93.92% accuracies on FYO and PUT databases, respectively. |
11,108 | Please write an abstract with title: A pseudospectral fusion approach to fingerprint matching, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Feature extraction, Robustness, Image matching, Image enhancement, Histograms, Adaptive equalizers, Image segmentation, Image processing, Neural networks. Abstract: A prototype fingerprint verification system is described which combines the direction and density images into a complex pseudo-spectrum. Two methods for extracting the direction and density images are presented. The proposed feature extraction method is shown to be fast, efficient and robust Verification is achieved by correlation matching. |
11,109 | Please write an abstract with title: Input-to-State Stability of Impulsive Delay Systems With Multiple Impulses, and key words: Delay systems, Delay effects, Numerical stability, Stability criteria, Symmetric matrices, Nonlinear systems. Abstract: This article investigates input-to-state stability (ISS) of impulsive delay systems with multiple impulses. We provide sufficient conditions in terms of exponential ISS-Lyapunov functions coupled with Razumikhin-type conditions for establishing the ISS property, where the possibility of the effects of multiple impulses on ISS is fully considered. It shows that when the continuous dynamics are ISS and the discrete dynamics that govern the jumps involve multiple impulses, the ISS property can be retained for arbitrary impulse time sequences if the cumulative strength of multiple impulses satisfies some conditions. Conversely, when the continuous dynamics are not ISS, then the multiple impulses that satisfy some conditions can stabilize the system in ISS sense if there are no overly long intervals between impulses. Two illustrative examples are presented, with their numerical simulations, to demonstrate the main results. |
11,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Interface Trap Model for the Low Temperature Conductance Signal in SiC MOS Capacitors With Nitrided Gate Oxides, and key words: Electron traps, Logic gates, Silicon carbide, Temperature measurement, Temperature distribution, Annealing, MOS capacitors. Abstract: The low channel-carrier mobility in commercial SiC MOSFETs has been attributed to fast electron traps labeled “NI.” These traps exhibit anomalous behavior compared to other interface trap signals. Furthermore, the electrical parameters extracted from a conventional interface trap analysis of the NI signal are not physically reasonable. To explore the origin of these traps, we fabricated SiC MOS capacitors and measured the conductance across a range of temperatures (between 50 and 300 K). By analyzing the surface electron density at the signal peaks, it is evident that these traps are in fact near-interface traps (NITs)-they are located within the oxide and exchange electrons via a tunneling mechanism. We also developed a model for the conductance generated by NITs and demonstrated a good fit to the experimental data. The knowledge that the NI signal is due to NITs will help in directing future efforts to improve SiC MOSFET performance. |
11,111 | Please write an abstract with title: In-liquid sensing of chemical compounds by QCM sensors coupled with high-accuracy ACC oscillator, and key words: Chemical compounds, Chemical sensors, Oscillators, Coupling circuits, Capacitive sensors, Coatings, Crystals, Capacitance measurement, Permittivity measurement, Frequency measurement. Abstract: A novel oscillator circuit with automatic capacitance compensation (ACC) capability has been coupled with QCM sensors coated with quinoxaline and pyrazine bridged cavitands to detected aromatic and chlorinated compounds in water. With double-side immersed 10-MHz crystals coated with the quinoxaline cavitand, the detection of toluene in deionized water was possible down to concentrations of few parts per million. The ACC oscillator advantageously provides the simultaneous measurement of the sensor resonant frequency, damping, and value of the compensated parallel capacitance. This enabled to observe that the analyte sorption in the cavitand coating not only brings about a mass uptake, but also an increase of losses, and, apparently, a rise in the coating average permittivity. |
11,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple and Accurate Characterization of Nanocrystalline Common Mode Chokes, and key words: Magnetic cores, Modal analysis, Predictive models, Electromagnetic compatibility, Regulation, Frequency measurement, Permeability. Abstract: This work proposes a quick and simple method to obtain the parameters of a circuit model of a common mode choke with nanocrystalline core. Common mode chokes with nanocrystalline cores, unlike chokes with cores made of ferrite or iron powder, exhibit a strong dependence with the frequency of its magnetic permeability, which makes it difficult to find a simple circuit model able to account for the response of the choke to both common mode and differential mode signals in a wide frequency range. We propose a circuit model along with a simple method to obtain the parameters of the model, and we demonstrate that the circuit model of the choke accounts for the response of the choke within a frequency range that encompasses the frequencies where most electromagnetic compatibility regulations limit the conducted emissions of electronic devices. To validate the proposed model, different commercial common mode chokes have been measured and the predicted performance of the model has been compared with the measured responses. We have checked that in most cases the proposed approach yields accurate models of nanocrystalline common mode chokes up to 50 MHz. |
11,113 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Robust Parameter Identification in Generalized Kalman Smoothing Models, and key words: Computational modeling, Mathematical model, Smoothing methods, Unemployment, Standards, Loss measurement, Kalman filters. Abstract: Dynamic inference problems in autoregressive (AR/ARMA/ARIMA), exponential smoothing, and navigation are often formulated and solved using state-space models (SSMs), which allow a range of statistical distributions to inform innovations and errors. In many applications, the main goal is to identify not only the hidden state, but also additional unknown model parameters (e.g., AR coefficients or unknown dynamics). We show how to efficiently optimize over model parameters in SSM that use smooth process and measurement losses. Our approach is to project out state variables, obtaining a value function that only depends on the parameters of interest, and derive analytical formulas for first and second derivatives that can be used by many types of optimization methods. We illustrate this by implementing Newton, Gauss–Newton, and quasi-Newton algorithms on a numerical example. The approach can be used with smooth robust penalties such as Hybrid and the Student's T, in addition to classic least squares. We use the approach to estimate robust AR models and long-run unemployment rates with sudden changes. |
11,114 | Please write an abstract with title: A method of sidelobe cancellation using wavelet packets, and key words: Wavelet packets, Filter bank, Radar antennas, Narrowband, Jamming, Prototypes, Channel bank filters, Degradation, Phased arrays, Laboratories. Abstract: Classical methods of performing sidelobe cancellation include an approach whereby the main and auxiliary channels are divided into a prescribed number of contiguous subbands. This is known as a band-partitioned (BP) sidelobe canceler (SLC). A method of BP sidelobe cancellation using wavelet packets (WP) has been developed. The use of a wavelet packet decomposition is a simple, well-defined way to implement a paraunitary tree-structured filter bank. The performance of this method is compared to the method used in Lin et al. (2003), which is a special case of a uniform DFT filter bank. It is shown that the WP analysis filters provide better separation between adjacent narrowband channels, leading to an increase in performance of the BP SLC algorithm. |
11,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of Saudi License Plates Recognition System by Using Knowledge Transfer in ANNs, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Training, Target recognition, Computational modeling, Simulation, Licenses, Data models. Abstract: This paper investigates knowledge transfer (KT) on Saudi License Plates (SLP) enhancement. Particularly, we investigate two models of KT, Representational and Functional. We use such models to transfer knowledge from the source neural network that was trained on recognizing the Arabic alphabet and Indian numerals in the old SLP style. We utilize transferred knowledge to increase target network performance and recognize additional numerals and alphabet systems in the recent SLP style. We implement, test, and compare such models against a conventional multi-layer network model. Simulation results show that KT models outperform the said model. |
11,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Image-Data-Driven Slope Stability Analysis for Preventing Landslides Using Deep Learning, and key words: Stability analysis, Landslides, Deep learning, Feature extraction, Training, Big Data, Hazards. Abstract: Landslides account for approximately 5% of natural disasters resulting in significant socio-economic impacts. As a major infrastructure issue, slope stability has been traditionally analyzed with multiple deterministic and probabilistic methods to evaluate the stability of slopes or the probability of landslides. Geotechnical engineers tend to visit the sites of slopes, measure the geometry and soil properties, and use those traditional methods to analyze the slope stability and provide a factor of safety evaluation and recommendation. The fast-growing new technologies such as the internet of things and big data analytics provide new directions for natural hazard prevention. This study is the first to use deep learning as a new method for slope stability analysis for landslide prevention. A convolutional neural network was used to establish the model via transfer learning for processing simulated slope images. After training, our model can accurately predict the factor of safety of slopes for new slope images. Our proposed method was validated by comparing it with a classic limit equilibrium method, i.e., the simplified Bishop method, which is widely used in commercial programs for slope stability analysis. The comparison results showed that our proposed deep learning method outperformed the traditional method by decreasing the computation time by orders of magnitude without sacrificing accuracy. The results demonstrated the possibility and advantages of using deep learning as a new type of slope stability analysis method, including its ability to analyze raw image data directly, high level of automation, satisfactory accuracy, and short computing time, which will enable onsite evaluation for slope stability analysis. Thus, it facilitates fast in-situ decision-making for geotechnical applications and ensures the feasibility of using the internet of things and big data analytics for natural hazard prevention. |
11,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Key Technology of Remote Monitoring of Structural Stress of Large Mechanical Equipment, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Real-time systems, Finite element analysis, Thermal analysis, Smart grids, Safety, Machinery. Abstract: In order to overcome the problem of low efficiency in remote monitoring of the structural stress of large-scale machinery and equipment, the paper proposes a remote monitoring method for the structural stress of large-scale machinery and equipment. The paper according to the structural characteristics of large-scale mechanical equipment extracted, the finite element analysis of the whole machine structure is carried out to determine the influence of thermal stress on the structure, and the quantitative structural stress and displacement calculation results are obtained. According to the degree of freedom value of structural element, the allowable stress threshold and abnormal change stress threshold are set, and the remote monitoring model is established by combining BP-GA neural network to achieve the purpose of structural stress monitoring. The experimental results show that the bus transmission time of remote monitoring technology is less than that of traditional monitoring technology, and the real-time performance of fault diagnosis is higher, which has good practical application value. |
11,118 | Please write an abstract with title: AxPIKE: Instruction-level Injection and Evaluation of Approximate Computing, and key words: Measurement, Computational modeling, Approximate computing, Estimation, Computer architecture, Tools, Software. Abstract: Representing the interaction between accurate and approximate hardware modules at the architecture level is essential to understand the impact of Approximate Computing in a general-purpose computing scenario. However, extensive effort is required to model approximations into a baseline instruction-level simulator and collect its execution metrics. In this work, we present the AxPIKE ISA simulation environment, a tool that allows designers to inject models of hardware approximation at the instruction level and evaluate their impact on the quality of results. AxPIKE embeds a high-level representation of a RISC-V system and produces a dedicated control mechanism, that allows the simulated software to manage the approximate behavior of compatible execution scenarios. The environment also provides detailed execution statistics that are forwarded to dedicated tools for energy accounting. We apply the AxPIKE environment to inject integer multiplication and memory access approximations into different applications and demonstrate how the generated statistics are translated into energy-quality trade-offs. |
11,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-dimensional separation of concerns in requirements engineering, and key words: Concrete, Engineering management. Abstract: Existing requirements engineering approaches manage broadly scoped requirements and constraints in a fashion that is largely two-dimensional, where functional requirements serve as the base decomposition with non-functional requirements cutting across them. Therefore, crosscutting functional requirements are not effectively handled. This in turn leads to architecture trade-offs being mainly guided by the non-functional requirements, so that the system quality attributes can be satisfied. In this paper, we propose a uniform treatment of concerns at the requirements engineering level, regardless of their functional, non-functional or crosscutting nature. Our approach is based on the observation that concerns in a system are, in fact, a subset, and concrete realisations, of abstract concerns in a meta concern space. One can delineate requirements according to these abstract concerns to derive more system-specific, concrete concerns. We introduce the notion of a compositional intersection, which allows us to choose appropriate sets of concerns in our multi-dimensional separation as a basis to observe trade-offs among other concerns. This provides a rigorous analysis of requirements-level trade-offs as well as important insights into various architectural choices available to satisfy a particular functional or non-functional concern. |
11,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest editorial - Social implications of security and crime prevention, and key words: Security, Polarization, Urban planning, Public policy, Air safety, Humans, Stability, Chaotic communication, Protection, Societies. Abstract: Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication. |
11,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation and application of tripartite entangled state for continuous electromagnetic field, and key words: Iterative algorithms, Quantum entanglement, Quantum mechanics, Entropy, Protocols, Nonlinear equations, Optical sensors, Picture archiving and communication systems, Information processing, Laboratories. Abstract: Experimental demonstration of quantum entanglement among more than two quantum systems with continuous spectra is summarized in the paper. The tripartite entangled state, named also GHZ-like state, is produced by distributing a two-mode squeezed state light to three parties using beamsplitter. A nondegenerate optical parameter amplifier (NOPA) operating at deamplification serves as the initial bipartite entanglement source. The output optical modes from the NOPA are a pair of bright EPR entangled beams with orthogonal polarizations, anticorrelated amplitude quadratures and correlated phase quadratures. The results confirm the existence of the quantum correlation among three amplitude quadratures of modes. |
11,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparing CNN and Human Crafted Features for Human Activity Recognition, and key words: Feature extraction, Convolution, Accelerometers, Two dimensional displays, Activity recognition, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown good results in activity recognition. One of the advantages of using these methods resides in their ability to generate features automatically. This ability greatly simplifies the task of feature extraction that usually requires domain specific knowledge, especially when using big data where data driven approaches can lead to anti-patterns. Despite the advantage of this approach, very little work has been undertaken on analyzing the quality of extracted features, and more specifically on how model architecture and parameters affect the ability of those features to separate activity classes in the final feature space. This work focuses on identifying the optimal parameters for recognition of simple activities applying this approach on both signals from inertial and audio sensors. The paper provides the following contributions: (i) a comparison of automatically extracted CNN features with gold standard Human Crafted Features (HCF) is given, (ii) a comprehensive analysis on how architecture and model parameters affect separation of target classes in the feature space. Results are evaluated using publicly available datasets. In particular, we achieved a 93.38% F-Score on the UCI-HAR dataset, using 1D CNNs with 3 convolutional layers and 32 kernel size, and a 90.5% F-Score on the DCASE 2017 development dataset, simplified for three classes (indoor, outdoor and vehicle), using 2D CNNs with 2 convolutional layers and a 2×2 kernel size. |
11,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Mixup Synthesis Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation, and key words: Training, Interpolation, Signal processing, Predictive models, Task analysis, Speech processing, Software development management. Abstract: Domain adversarial training is a popular approach for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (DA). However, the transferability of adversarial training framework may drop greatly on the adaptation tasks with a large distribution divergence between source and target domains. In this paper, we propose a new approach termed Adversarial Mixup Synthesis Training (AMST) to alleviate the issue. The AMST augments the training with synthesis samples by linearly interpolating between pairs of hidden representations and their domain labels. By this means, AMST encourages the model to make consistency domain prediction less confidently on interpolations points, which learn domain-specific representations with fewer directions of variance. Based on the previous work, we conduct a theoretical analysis on this phenomenon under ideal conditions and show that AMST could improve generalization ability. Finally, experiments on benchmark dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of AMST. We will publicly release our code on github soon. |
11,124 | Please write an abstract with title: Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of GaAsP/Si for tandem solar cell, and key words: Costs, Photovoltaic cells, Crystals, Photoluminescence, Silicon, Epitaxial growth, Compounds. Abstract: High crystal quality GaAsP/Si fabricated by cost effective heteroepitaxial technology is promising to realize low-cost Si based tandem solar cell with efficiency higher than 30%. In this work, epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) of GaAsP/GaAs and GaAsP/GaAs/Si by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) and their properties are studied by photoluminescence (PL) mapping. High crystal quality ELOG GaAsP/Si is obtained with enhanced PL intensity and narrow line width indicating reduced defect density provided by ELOG approach. |
11,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Electing a global mediator in a three-layer mediation architecture, and key words: Mediation, Quality of service, Computer architecture, Nominations and elections, Biomedical imaging, Personal digital assistants, Data models, Computer science, Multimedia systems, Information systems. Abstract: The authors' ongoing research project is a system that mediates access to heterogeneous multi-media sources while considering the quality of service to clients. Several intermediate mediator components are involved in the delivery of data. One of the mediators is responsible for assuring the quality of presentation of the mediated information. In this paper, we present the algorithm used to elect this global-mediator. |
11,126 | Please write an abstract with title: Nature of the multipulse operation in Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe laser, and key words: Chromium, Optical pulse generation, Laser stability, Pulse width modulation, Solid state circuits, Tunable circuits and devices, Pulse generation, Zinc compounds, Laser mode locking, Stability analysis. Abstract: Summary form only given. Chromium-doped zinc-selenide is a very promising solid-state medium for tunable sub-picosecond pulse generation. In this paper we present the analysis of multipulse generation using the example of the Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe laser and define the limits of the ultrashort pulse stability. We use a relatively simple but general model taking into account the possibility of a strong saturation of the effective fast Kerr-lens saturable absorber. Our analysis suggests general ways to avoid the multipulse generation and to obtain minimal pulse width: i) lower intracavity intensity and, as a result, the decrease of the fast absorber saturation by e.g. decreasing the P parameter, or increasing the output loss, or by selecting an active medium with shorter gain relaxation time; ii) higher loss modulation depth; iii) higher gain saturation by increasing the /spl tau/ parameter. It should be noted, that such stabilization against multipulse generation can increase the self-starting threshold or enhance the tendency to Q-switch mode-locking. |
11,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Map Construction of Spherical Robot based on Statistical Filtering, and key words: ORB SLAM2, Octomap, The spherical underwater robot. Abstract: Traditional robots lacked the detection and preservation of environmental information. This paper proposes to apply SLAM to robots. We put a camera on the robot to capture the environment and map it. Traditional SLAM algorithms typically generate point cloud maps, which are bulky and unreadable and cannot be used for robot navigation. Therefore, point cloud map is generally converted into octree map, but due to environmental interference, sensor error and other reasons, point cloud map often contains a lot of noise, which leads to a large error in the generated octree map. In this paper, based on OBR SLAM2 algorithm, proposed a filtering method, through the judgment of point cloud map points automatically select filtering mode, thus generating high quality octree map. Compared with unfiltered maps through experiments, the map generated by this method is smaller volume and more accurate. |
11,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Packaging of ZnO nanobelts as nanosensors: Synthesis, Alignment and Characterization, and key words: Packaging, Zinc oxide, Fabrication, Electrodes, Scanning electron microscopy, Materials science and technology, Temperature, Nanoscale devices, Furnaces, Contact resistance. Abstract: One-dimensional ZnO nanobelt exhibits unique properties which makes it a perfect candidate for sensors in various applications. In this paper, synthesis of ZnO nanobelts is described. Design and fabrication of electrodes are presented. Alignment of nanobelts, which is assisted by the optimized designed electrode, is discussed. Dramatic improvement of the contact resistance is found after the sample is annealed at 500degC for 1 min. This work lays the foundation for further fabrication, fictionalization and packaging of ZnO nanobelt based sensors |
11,129 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1440/spl times/1080 pixels 30frames/s motion-JPEG2000 codec for HD movie transmission, and key words: Codecs, High definition video, Motion pictures, Decoding, Image coding, Central Processing Unit, Filters, Discrete wavelet transforms, SDRAM, Transform coding. Abstract: The Motion-JPEG 2000 codec processor uses 0.18/spl mu/m technology. It integrates 18.6M transistors on a 92mm/spl times/9.2mm die and performs both decoding and compressing of 1440/spl times/1080 pixels with 30frames/s at 54MHz. A tile size obtained is 4096/spl times/2048 pixels and is sufficient for transmitting an HD movie. The IC runs up to 104MHz and dissipates 400mW at 1.8V and 54MHz. |
11,130 | Please write an abstract with title: A new framework for characterization of halftone textures, and key words: Image sequence analysis, Binary sequences, Image analysis, Image texture analysis, Neodymium, Nonlinear filters, Filter bank, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Image decomposition, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Characterization of halftone textures is important for quantitative assessment of halftone quality. We develop a new framework based on directional local sequency analysis and a filter bank structure. We decompose a halftone image into subband images from which we can easily reconstruct the original halftone. Based on these subband images, we define the directional sequency spectrum which is analogous to the 2D Fourier spectrum, and formulate several texture measures. Three test images are used to justify these measures. |
11,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Disk built-in caches: evaluation on system performance, and key words: System performance, Disk drives, File systems, Manufacturing, Costs, Hard disks, Operating systems, Read-write memory, Delay, Writing. Abstract: Disk drive manufacturers are putting increasingly larger built-in caches into disk drives. Today, 2 MB buffers are common on low-end retail IDE/ATA drives, and some SCSI drives are now available with 16 MB. However, few published data are available to demonstrate that such large built-in caches can noticeably improve overall system performance. In this paper, we investigated the impact of the disk built-in cache on file system response time when the file system buffer cache becomes larger. Via detailed file system and disk system simulation, we arrive at three main conclusions: (1) With a reasonably-sized file system buffer cache (16 MB or more), there is very little performance benefit of using a built-in cache larger than 512 KB. (2) As a readahead buffer, the disk built-in cache provides noticeable performance improvements for workloads with read sequentiality, but has little positive effect on performance if there are more concurrent sequential workloads than cache segments. (3) As a writing cache, it also has some positive effects on some workloads, at the cost of reducing reliability. The disk drive industry is very cost-sensitive. Our research indicates that the current trend of using large built-in caches is unnecessary and a waste of money and power for most users. Disk manufacturers could use much smaller built-in caches to reduce the cost as well as power-consumption, without affecting performance. |
11,132 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Computer Vision based Weed Removal Bot, and key words: Agriculture, Robot kinematics, Feature extraction, Image segmentation, Manipulators, Blades. Abstract: Weeds are a dangerous factor for a good yield of crops. The conventional method of removing weeds was either plucking manually or spraying herbicides uniformly all over the field. Spraying herbicides not only contaminates crops but also gives rise to many health-related issues. The purpose of the paper is to develop a mobile model that can detect weeds in real- time with their position coordinates and scrape them off. The model first scans the specific area for leaf detection and classifies it as weed or crop with a prediction accuracy of 99.5%. If the classified leaf is a weed, the coordinates are found and the robotic arm removes them with the help of a high-speed rotating blade, without harming the crops and environment. The left outs can further be utilized as fertilizer and no harmful chemicals have been used. |
11,133 | Please write an abstract with title: Cloud-RAN functional split for an efficient fronthaul network, and key words: Bandwidth, Downlink, Uplink, Complexity theory, Antennas, Software, Modulation. Abstract: The evolution of telecommunication network towards cloud-native environments enables flexible centralization of the base band processing of radio signals. There is however a trade-off between the centralization benefits and the fronthaul cost for carrying the radio data between distributed antennas and data processing centers, which host the virtual RAN functions. In this paper, we present a specific split solution for an efficient fronthaul, which enables reducing the consumed bandwidth while being compliant with advanced cooperative radio technologies (interference reduction and data rate improvements). The proposed split has been implemented on the basis of Open Air Interface code and shows important gains in the required fronthaul bandwidth as well as significant latency reduction in the processing of radio frames. |
11,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Monitoring System for Motorcycle Tire Air Pressure with Pressure Sensor and Voice Warning on Helmet using Fuzzy Logic, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Wireless communication, Temperature sensors, Pressure sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Head, Tire pressure. Abstract: Indonesia is a country that has a high level of motorcycle usage. This condition was not accompanied by adequate road conditions. Therefore, to maintain safety and driving comfort, every rider is recommended to check the tire air pressure before traveling. However, in checking the air pressure, most of them are still done manually which is still inadequate. This paper proposes a wireless monitoring system that functions as a real-time determinant of tire pressure conditions. The contribution of this paper is the system will be combined with a helmet as the output of the tire pressure in the form of sound. This system uses input variables in the form of tire pressure and ambient temperature which will later be processed on the helmet device with the help of fuzzy logic as a method for classifying the data. In this study also, the results of the analysis of the performance testing of the fuzzy logic method on a device with an accuracy rate of about 86.6 percent were obtained. |
11,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-efficient Optimization for IRS-assisted Wireless-powered Communication Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Simulation, Network architecture, Energy efficiency, Resource management, Communication networks. Abstract: Wireless-powered communication is a promising technique to provide convenient and perpetual energy for energy-constrained wireless devices. However, the uplink information transmission of wireless devices in wireless-powered communication networks relies on the harvested energy from the downlink-energy-transfer power station (PS). To tackle this issue, we propose a new intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless-powered network architecture, where an IRS is deployed between a PS and multiple wireless-powered users to enhance the efficiency of energy harvesting. The total energy efficiency (EE) of all wireless-powered users is maximized by jointly optimizing the energy transfer matrix of the PS, the transmission time and power of users, and the phase shifts of the IRS. The formulated problem is non-convex and challenging to solve. Accordingly, the alternating optimization approach, Dinkelbach’s method, and the variable-substitution approach are used to solve it. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
11,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Actively mode-locked fiber laser with semiconductor all-optical modulator, and key words: Fiber lasers, Laser mode locking, Semiconductor lasers, Mirrors, Laser tuning, Erbium, Absorption, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Pulse modulation, Optical pulses. Abstract: In this paper, we report on an actively mode-locked 1.56-mum erbium fiber laser using all-optical surface-normal semiconductor modulator. The 1.56-mum modulator is a purposely-designed semiconductor modulator mirror (SEMM) exploiting saturable absorption in the multiple quantum-well structure with enhanced modulation depth. Conceptually, the SEMM structure is very similar to the absorber mirrors used for passive mode-locking, except for higher values of saturation fluence and recovery time as compared to typical parameters for SESAMs |
11,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Sliding Mode Control with Gaussian Process Regression for Underactuated Mechanical Systems, and key words: Gold, Process control, Sliding mode control, Media, Mechanical systems, Gaussian processes, Laser radar. Abstract: This work introduces a new control scheme for uncertain underactuated mechanical systems. The proposed approach is mainly based on sliding mode control, but a Gaussian process regressor is also embedded in the control law for uncertainty estimation and compensation. The convergence properties of the closed-loop signals are analytically proved by means of the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations with an inverted pendulum on a cart are presented to confirm the improved performance of the proposed control scheme. |
11,138 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast computational approach to the design of block quantization, and key words: Quantization, Rate-distortion, Signal analysis, Speech processing, Performance analysis, Noise measurement, Signal processing, Speech analysis, Equations, Taylor series. Abstract: The computational approach to bit allocation based on marginal analysis has been found to achieve performance superior to that of the rate-distortion theoretic approach. However, the computational complexity of marginal analysis is also much higher. A fast computational method is proposed to reduce the heavy computational burden. This new method also takes into account the non-Shannon quantization error of the scalar quantizer. |
11,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Strong spatial mixing for lattice graphs with fewer colours, and key words: Lattices, Computer science, Tree graphs, Physics, Computational geometry, Antiferromagnetic materials. Abstract: Recursively-constructed couplings have been used in the past for mixing on trees. We show for the first time how to extend this technique to nontree-like graphs such as the integer lattice. Using this method, we obtain the following general result. Suppose that G is a triangle-free graph and that for some /spl Delta/ /spl ges/ 3, the maximum degree of G is at most /spl Delta/. We show that the spin system consisting of q-colourings of G has strong spatial mixing, provided q > /spl alpha//spl Delta/, where /spl alpha/ /spl ap/ 1.76322 is the solution to /spl alpha//sup /spl alpha// = e. Note that we have no additional lower bound on q or /spl Delta/. This is important for us because our main objective is to have results which are applicable to the lattices studied in statistical physics such as the integer lattice /spl Zopf//sup d/ and the triangular lattice. For these graphs (in fact, for any graph in which the distance-k neighbourhood of a vertex grows sub-exponentially in k), strong spatial mixing implies that there is a unique infinite-volume Gibbs measure. That is, there is one macroscopic equilibrium rather than many. We extend our general result, obtaining, for example, the first "hand proof" of strong spatial mixing for 7-colourings of triangle-free 4-regular graphs. (Computer-assisted proofs of this result were provided by Salas and Sokal (1997) for the rectangular lattice and by Bubley et al. (1999)). The extension also gives the first hand proof of strong spatial mixing for 5-colourings of triangle-free 3-regular graphs. (A computer-assisted proof for the special case of the hexagonal lattice was provided by Salas and Sokal). Towards the end of the paper we show how to improve our general technique by considering the geometry of the lattice. The idea is to construct the recursive coupling from a system of recurrences rather than from a single recurrence. We use the geometry of the lattice to derive the system of recurrences. This gives us an analysis with a horizon of more than one level of induction, which leads to improved results. We illustrate this idea by proving strong spatial mixing for q = 10 on the lattice /spl Zopf//sup 3/. Finally, we apply the idea to the triangular lattice, adding computational assistance. This gives us the first (machine-assisted) proof of strong spatial mixing for 10-colourings of the triangular lattice. (Such a proof for 11 colours was given by Salas and Sokal.). |
11,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility of decomposing A~C~E~/sub 1/ to identify the impact of selected loads on CPS1 and CPS2, and key words: Area measurement, Load management, Error correction, Power engineering and energy, Fluctuations, Computational modeling, Delay, Frequency response, Pricing, Computer errors. Abstract: Control areas are held to the NERC's control performance standards (CPS), CPS1 and CPS2. A control area serving rapid and widely varying loads would like to know how load variations in certain subareas or zones affect its area's CPS1 and CPS2 measures. This paper addresses the question of decomposability of the 1-min average value of area control error (ACE) A~C~E~/sub 1/, the primary variable in the computation of CPS1 and CPS2, into components attributable to load fluctuations within defined zones. It includes description of dynamic models of ACE and A~C~E~/sub 1/, and simulated results confirming the decomposability of A~C~E~/sub 1/. |
11,141 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study of Measurement Systems Analysis by Attributes, and key words: Mass production, On the job training, Manufacturing processes, ISO Standards, Standards organizations, Companies, Mechanical variables measurement. Abstract: The paper presents a critical measurement systems analysis (MSA) of the implementation of "go-no go" gauges for control of mechanical parts. The MSA by attributes is generally overlooked when compared to MSA by variables. Nevertheless, this type of MSA is especially useful when applied in mass production where the use of variable gauges is time-consuming and costly. The outcomes of the study can be adapted to similar measurement systems analysis for other manufacturing processes and mechanical parts. |
11,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability exchange schemes for iterative packet combining in distributed arrays, and key words: Antenna arrays, Diversity reception, Iterative decoding, AWGN, Automatic repeat request, Feedback, Collaborative work, Radio link, Performance gain, Radio frequency. Abstract: We investigate reliability exchange schemes that allow a group of radios to act as a distributed antenna array in which radio links are used to exchange information between the various radios. We consider a scenario in which multiple nodes receive independent copies of the same message. Each node independently decodes its message and then participates in a process of "smart" information exchange with the other nodes. Each node transmits its estimates of the a posteriori probabilities of some set of bits, and these estimates are used as a priori information by other receivers. The a priori information is used to perform maximum a posteriori decoding on the received sequence. This process of decoding and information exchange can be repeated several times. Simulation results show that the performance can be significantly improved by careful selection of the bits for which information is exchanged. |
11,143 | Please write an abstract with title: Non independent strategies for blind source separation in functional MRI, and key words: Blind source separation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Independent component analysis, Source separation, Data analysis, Multidimensional signal processing, Laboratories, Electric variables measurement, Decorrelation, Data mining. Abstract: This paper explores spatial decomposition of functional MR images by several extended blind source separation (BSS) techniques in order to detect the brain activation. The four techniques are based on different criteria and assumptions like mutual statistical independence or non-Gaussianity of sub-band sources, spatial linear predictability, spatial-temporal decorrelation and non-stationarity of the colored sources. We conclude that the detection of activation in fMRI experiments is possible in many cases by exploiting these characteristics of the sources extracted from raw data. |
11,144 | Please write an abstract with title: On the SCA Resistance of Crypto IP Cores, and key words: Resistance, Companies, Semiconductor device manufacture, Logic gates, Libraries, Hardware, Complexity theory. Abstract: With the growth of system complexity, the use of previously designed components, IP cores, has become a usual practice in hardware design. Nowadays, many companies offer a broad range of IP solutions available for use in ASICs as well as FPGA designs. In this paper we concentrate on the use of soft crypto IP cores, i.e. the cores designed to address security issues. The intention is to raise the awareness of the designers about the possible vulnerabilities that may be acquired with such pre-designed IP blocks if no additional security evaluation was performed. We show on the example of an internally-developed cryptographic core, how the security strength of the design depends on the applied semiconductor manufacturing process and the logic gate libraries. |
11,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Attitudes of gemstone distributors to value adding strategies of ruby production, and key words: Production, International trade, Analysis of variance, Heat treatment, Surface treatment, Supply chain management, Oils, Industrial relations, Fluctuations, Manufacturing. Abstract: Over the centuries, gemstones have at times played a key role in the international trade. To date, they still play a significant role in economies of many countries, especially Thailand. Ruby, the red gemstone, one of the best known gemstones to ordinary people, is the focus of this study. Previous studies have shed the light on examinations of the characteristics and production methods of ruby. However, none has studied the attitudes of gemstone distributors toward several treatment strategies, which aiming to add value to ruby and maximize the return from the limited ruby supplies. The prime purpose of this study is to identify the value adding strategies deemed acceptable to gemstone distributors, by comparing their levels of satisfaction toward each treatment strategy. The findings reveal gemstone distributors accept that other methods in addition to normal cutting and polishing can also add value to rubies. Analyses of sample t-test and one-way repeated measures ANOVA suggest two treatment strategies of ruby production are deemed acceptable to gemstone distributors, and that the satisfaction levels of gemstone distributors toward each of the five treatment strategies are significantly different. Gemstone distributors consider heat treatment strategy as the most satisfactory strategy in adding value to rubies. |
11,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Interference and Intrusion in Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Security, Monte Carlo methods, Internet of Things, Network security. Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) systems for safety-critical, space and Internet of Things applications have recently begun to adopt open standards and commercial-off-the-shelf equipment, and persistently face challenges of malicious intrusion and spectrum coexistence. These threats are explored through Monte-Carlo simulation and benchtop testing, including matched protocol interference and sophisticated, interactive intrusion attacks. The need for expanding intrusion detection via a more holistic approach, whilst simultaneously improving WSN security, is illustrated. Discussions on WSN security, vulnerabilities, and attacks are also provided. |
11,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Point-to-Point Strategic Communication, and key words: Conferences, Rate-distortion, Games, Distortion, Nash equilibrium, Encoding, Decoding. Abstract: We investigate a strategic formulation of the joint source-channel coding problem in which the encoder and the decoder are endowed with distinct distortion functions. We provide the solutions in four different scenarios. First, we assume that the encoder and the decoder cooperate in order to achieve a certain pair of distortion values. Second, we suppose that the encoder commits to a strategy whereas the decoder implements a best response, as in the persuasion game where the encoder is the Stackelberg leader. Third, we consider that the decoder commits to a strategy, as in the mismatched rate-distortion problem or as in the mechanism design framework. Fourth, we study the cheap talk game in which the encoding and the decoding strategies form a Nash equilibrium. |
11,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Ellipse Loss for Scene-Compliant Motion Prediction, and key words: Training, Automation, Shape, Conferences, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Motion prediction is a critical part of self-driving technology, responsible for inferring future behavior of traffic actors in autonomous vehicle’s surroundings. In order to ensure safe and efficient operations, prediction models need to output accurate trajectories that obey the map constraints. In this paper, we address this task and propose a novel ellipse loss that allows the models to better reason about scene compliance and predict more realistic trajectories. Ellipse loss penalizes off-road predictions directly in a supervised manner, by projecting the output trajectories into the top-down map frame using a differentiable trajectory rasterizer module. Moreover, it takes into account actor dimensions and orientation, providing more direct training signals to the model. We applied ellipse loss to a recently proposed state-of-the-art joint detection-prediction model to showcase its benefits. Evaluation on large-scale autonomous driving data strongly indicates that the method allows for more accurate and more realistic trajectory predictions. |
11,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Agent Traffic Management System for Emergency Vehicle, and key words: Pollution, Medical services, Traffic congestion, Radiofrequency identification, Multi-agent systems. Abstract: Nowadays, the world is facing a global issue related to traffic congestion, causing serious environmental, social and health issues. In fact, besides the impact of traffic jams on economy, pollution and quality of life, an emergency vehicle stuck in traffic jam can cause serious damages in lives and materials. Therefore, the reinforcement of health care and public services cannot be efficient if not supported by a specific traffic management system made for critical situations. In this paper, we will present an intelligent traffic management system based on priority for emergency vehicles using technologies related to RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and Multi-Agent Systems. |
11,150 | Please write an abstract with title: Strategies of Russian Regional Public Chambers Promotion on the Internet, and key words: Seminars, Public relations, Social networking (online), Buildings, Sociology, Multimedia Web sites, Organizations. Abstract: Digitalization of public relations actualizes the study of strategies for maintaining accounts in social network sites by institutions of people's representation. One of such institutions is the Institute of Russian Regional Public Chambers.Russian regional public chambers have websites, accounts in various social network sites, as well as sometimes Telegram channels. The three social network sites in which the largest number of accounts of public chambers have been created are VK, Facebook and Instagram. In order to study the promotion of Public Chambers and their activities on the Internet, an analysis of the representation of these institutions on social network sites (the presence of accounts, the number of subscribers, the number of posts for the period 25 October 2021 - 25 February 2022) were carried out. At this stage, all Russian regional public chambers were included in the sample.For a detailed analysis, 9 regional public chambers were selected from a special sample. The content of their accounts in social network sites was analyzed according to the following indicators: topic of the post (covered activity); emotional coloring of the post (positive, neutral or negative); the format of the covered activity; chronology; support for informational posts with likes; activity of comments posted posts; activity of reposts of posted posts and others.Based on these data, conclusions were done about the strategy of promoting of Russian regional public chambers on the Internet. |
11,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Special Session: Disciplined Agile Strategies, and key words: Software, Unified modeling language, Capability maturity model, Testing, Stakeholders, Project management, Programming. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. How does a small development team in an established enterprise apply Disciplined Agile (DA) strategies to successfully improve their agility and provide real value to their stakeholders? Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD) provides the foundation from which to scale agile and lean software development strategies, enabling teams to succeed in the unique situations they face-remembering that context counts. Starting with a Scrum-based approach, we'll show you how the team learns from their experiences and evolves into a lean life cycle, then to a continuous delivery life cycle within a DevOps environment. We begin with an overview of DAD and work through a case study. You'll find out how DAD: Gives you the flexibility to use various approaches while covering gaps not addressed by mainstream agile practices. Describing proven strategies that show how programming, design, testing, architecture, analysis, deployment, and many more aspects of solution delivery fit together in a streamlined whole. |
11,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Status of the ACE-FTS instrument, and key words: Instruments, Infrared spectra, Low earth orbit satellites, Infrared imaging, Extraterrestrial measurements, Chemical analysis, Terrestrial atmosphere, Chemistry, Space missions, Chemical elements. Abstract: The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is the mission selected by the Canadian Space Agency for its next science satellite, SCISAT-1. ACE consists of a suite of instruments in which the primary element is an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) coupled with an auxiliary 2-channel visible (525 nm) and near infrared imager (1020 nm). A secondary instrument, MAESTRO, provides spectrographic data from the near ultra-violet to the near infra-red, including the visible spectral range. In combination the instrument payload covers the spectral range from 0.25 to 13.3 micron. A comprehensive set of simultaneous measurements of trace gases, thin clouds, aerosols and temperature will be made by solar occultation from a satellite in low Earth orbit. The ACE mission will measure and analyze the chemical and dynamical processes that control the distribution of ozone in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. A high inclination (74/spl deg/), low Earth orbit (650 km) allows coverage of tropical, mid-latitude and polar regions. This paper describes the detailed design of the ACE-FTS instrument. The latest status of the flight model is also presented. |
11,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Implantable Medical Device : In-body EM losses for a multilayer body model, and key words: Wireless communication, Power system measurements, Medical devices, Stacking, Microwave devices, Medical services, Microwave communication. Abstract: When designing a wireless device for medical applications with in-body communications, it is often difficult to assess the in-body electromagnetic (EM) losses. This paper proposes to study in-body EM losses compared to the literature. Different multilayer body models are studied to draw conclusions on the effect of these different layers for electromagnetic wave transmission. |
11,154 | Please write an abstract with title: The optimal balancing of the robotic manipulators, and key words: Manipulators, Robot kinematics, Springs, Service robots, Frequency, Welding, Orbital robotics, Finite element methods, Electrical equipment industry, Robot control. Abstract: In the present work, the static balancing of the forearm of a robot is analyzed; the advantages and disadvantages of using a mass or a spring for the balancing are discussed and their effects on the system natural frequencies are illusrated using numerical examples. The three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used as a mathematical tool for finding the natural frequencies. |
11,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Control Strategy of Improved VSG in Distributed Power Supply, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Simulation, Transfer functions, Process control, Power system stability, Synchronous generators, Stability analysis. Abstract: Virtual synchronous generator control technology has become a hot spot of microgrid technology. However, when the virtual synchronous generator is disturbed, it is easy to produce oscillation and other problems. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved control strategy of virtual synchronous generator. It can make the frequency of the system produce smaller offset when the power grid fails, and restrain the power angle overshoot oscillation, so as to obtain better transient power angle response and make the system more stable. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out with Matlab / SIMLINK to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. |
11,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Red and yellow light warning evaluation on project weak links based on smart construction site and project progress platform, and key words: Conferences, Project management, Lighting, Dispatching, Security, Information technology, Standards. Abstract: Taking Weihai Fengji Jinmaoyue Project as an example, this article demonstrates the practicability of integrating smart construction site module to Weihai Major Project Management Platform or making the two mutually independent but sharing information. Based on the practical situation, the author proposes to take progress, security and quality, these three factors, as research objects and to bring these indicators into red and yellow light warning mechanism to perfect the suggestions for the platform to determine scientificity. |
11,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging distributed contact force measurements for slip detection: a physics-based approach enabled by a data-driven tactile sensor, and key words: Visualization, Force measurement, Pipelines, Force, Tactile sensors, Grasping, Real-time systems. Abstract: Grasping objects whose physical properties are unknown is still a great challenge in robotics. Most solutions rely entirely on visual data to plan the best grasping strategy. However, to match human abilities and be able to reliably pick and hold unknown objects, the integration of an artificial sense of touch in robotic systems is pivotal. This paper describes a novel model-based slip detection pipeline that can predict possibly failing grasps in real-time and signal a necessary increase in grip force. As such, the slip detector does not rely on manually collected data, but exploits physics to generalize across different tasks. To evaluate the approach, a state-of-the-art vision-based tactile sensor that accurately estimates distributed forces was integrated into a grasping setup composed of a six degrees-of-freedom cobot and a two-finger gripper. Results show that the system can reliably predict slip while manipulating objects of different shapes, materials, and weights. The sensor can detect both translational and rotational slip in various scenarios, making it suitable to improve the stability of a grasp. |
11,158 | Please write an abstract with title: Reconfigurable Drone System for Transportation of Parcels With Variable Mass and Size, and key words: Drones, Propulsion, Software, Power cables, Morphology, Batteries, Transportation. Abstract: Cargo drones are designed to carry payloads with predefined shape, size, and/or mass. This lack of flexibility requires a fleet of diverse drones tailored to specific cargo dimensions. Here we propose a new reconfigurable drone based on a modular design that adapts to different cargo shapes, sizes, and mass. We also propose a method for the automatic generation of drone configurations and suitable parameters for the flight controller. The parcel becomes the drone's body to which several individual propulsion modules are attached. We demonstrate the use of the reconfigurable hardware and the accompanying software by transporting parcels of different mass and sizes requiring various numbers and propulsion modules’ positioning. The experiments are conducted indoors (with a motion capture system) and outdoors (with an RTK-GNSS sensor). The proposed design represents a cheaper and more versatile alternative to the solutions involving several drones for parcel transportation. |
11,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating protein structure with a microrobotic system, and key words: Biomembranes, Mechanical factors, Geometry, Protein engineering, Cells (biology), Microscopy, Machine vision, Feedback, Robustness, Deformable models. Abstract: This paper presents a microrobotic system integrating microscope vision and microforce feedback for characterizing biomembrane mechanical properties. Robust visual tracking of deformable biomembrane contour using physics-based models is described. A multi-axis MEMS-based force sensor is used to determine applied forces on biomembranes and develop a novel biomembrane mechanical model. By visually extracting geometry changes on a biomembrane during loading, geometry changes can be used to estimate applied forces using the biomembrane mechanical model and the determined elastic modulus. Forces on a biomembrane can be visually observed and controlled, thus creating a framework for vision and force assimilated cell manipulation. The experimental results quantitatively describe mouse zona pellucida (ZP) stiffness increase during ZP hardening and provide an understanding of ZP protein structure development, i.e., an increase in the number of cross links of protein ZP1 between ZP2-ZP3 units that is conjectured to be responsible for ZP stiffness increase. Furthermore, the system, technique, and model presented in this paper can be applied to investigating mechanical properties of other biomembranes and other cell types, which has the potential to facilitate many biological studies, such as cell injury and recovery where biomembrane mechanical property changes need to be monitored. |
11,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Job perceptions and training needs of social workers from rural areas - comparative research in seven European countries, and key words: job stress, professional training needs, social workers, social work education. Abstract: Social work professionals have a very complex and emotionally demanding job: they face a large variety of clients, usually the most vulnerable individuals and social groups, who found themselves in problematic situations or even dramas. This kind of work requires a great adaptability, both in terms of professional tools and personal resources. Social workers can experience stress, negative emotions, lack of energy and motivation, dissatisfaction and even burnout, as consequences of their work. This study aims to identify one common profile on job perceptions (including occupational stressors and burnout symptoms) and needs in professional development of social workers from rural regions of seven European countries (Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Slovenia). The sample includes 348 social workers who filled in a questionnaire via email. The main results stress the existence of organizational stressors and the need for continuous professional development. |
11,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of frequency measurement between time-domain and frequency-domain in DSO, and key words: Frequency measurement, Time domain analysis, Autocorrelation, Geologic measurements, Sea measurements, Voltage, Oscilloscopes, Instruments, Automation, Geology. Abstract: In this paper, a frequency measurement method between time-domain and frequency-domain in a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is considered. The conclusion is obtained: when the signal is periodic, the routine time-domain method may be adopted; under lower signal-to-noise condition, the autocorrelation method overmatches the routine time-domain method. But when the signal is non-periodic, the frequency-domain method is preferred. |
11,162 | Please write an abstract with title: States and Parameters Estimation for Fractional-order Hammerstein system, and key words: Parameter estimation, Observers, System identification, Object recognition, Least mean squares methods, Convergence. Abstract: This paper focus on the problem of parameter identification and state estimation for fractional-order Hammerstein system. A new algorithm is developed for identifying simultaneously the model states and parameters. Indeed, we use the Recursive Least Squares method, in order to identify the model parameters, and we extend the Luenberger Observer to estimate the system states. The key is that the estimation of the system parameters uses the estimated states and the estimation of the states uses the estimated parameters. The method efficiency is proved through a simulation example. |
11,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Active Intelligent Reflecting Surface for SIMO Communications, and key words: Power demand, Array signal processing, Simulation, Receivers, SIMO communication, Optimization, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Conventionally, a substantial number of reflecting elements (REs) is deployed at the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to mitigate the effect of the double-fading attenuation in the IRS-aided link, leading to a large surface size and considerable power consumption. In this paper, a new type of IRS, called active IRS, is proposed to solve this challenge by allowing each RE to amplify the incident signal with the assistance of the active loads (negative resistances). Thus, given a power budget at the IRS, the IRS-aided link can be enhanced by increasing the number of active REs as well as amplifying the incident signal. Specifically, we consider the use of an active IRS-aided single input multiple output (SIMO) system, in which the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is maximized, by optimizing not only the reflecting coefficient matrix at the IRS but also the receive beamforming at the receiver. To solve this non-convex problem, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm, that iteratively optimizes the two design variables. In particular, the receive beamforming is founded to be in the form of a linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, and the reflecting coefficient matrix is obtained via the Charnes-Cooper transformation and the semi-definite programming (SDP). Simulation results show that under a practical power consumption model, the proposed active IRS-aided system achieves better performance over the conventional passive IRS-aided system with the same power budget. |
11,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Ontology Construction and Reasoning of Multi-target-oriented Air Defense and Antimissile Combat, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Decision making, Ontologies, Big Data, Market research, Cognition, Data models. Abstract: Intelligent response processing for multiple incoming targets has now become an important issue in operations supported by the network information system. The development of distributed strikes has increased the decision-making pressure faced by air defense and antimissile combats(ADAC). Aiming at the current lack of research on multi-target response and full-process auxiliary decision-making in air defense and anti-missile operations, Keep up with the current trend of big data technology development, ontology modeling is used to construct an air defense and anti-missile combat ontology model for multi-target response. By the mean of establishing a standardized logical framework of combat rules, using SWRL+OWL rules to realize the ontology reasoning of the matching of combat missions and execution platforms, the rapid generation of combat plans is realized, and the research on dynamic auxiliary decision-making problems in air defense and antimissile combats is strongly promoted. |
11,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards the Use of the Readily Available Tests from the Release Pipeline as Performance Tests. Are We There Yet?, and key words: Measurement, Pipelines, Software quality, Software systems, Testing, Guidelines, Software engineering. Abstract: Performance is one of the important aspects of software quality. Performance issues exist widely in software systems, and the process of fixing the performance issues is an essential step in the release cycle of software systems. Although performance testing is widely adopted in practice, it is still expensive and time-consuming. In particular, the performance testing is usually conducted after the system is built in a dedicated testing environment. The challenges of performance testing make it difficult to fit into the common DevOps process in software development. On the other hand, there exist a large number of tests readily available, that are executed regularly within the release pipeline during software development. In this paper, we perform an exploratory study to determine whether such readily available tests are capable of serving as performance tests. In particular, we would like to see whether the performance of these tests can demonstrate performance improvements obtained from fixing real-life performance issues. We collect 127 performance issues from Hadoop and Cassandra, and evaluate the performance of the readily available tests from the commits before and after the performance issue fixes. We find that most of the improvements from the fixes to performance issues can be demonstrated using the readily available tests in the release pipeline. However, only a very small portion of the tests can be used for demonstrating the improvements. By manually examining the tests, we identify eight reasons that a test cannot demonstrate performance improvements even though it covers the changed source code of the issue fix. Finally, we build random forest classifiers determining the important metrics influencing the readily available tests (not) being able to demonstrate performance improvements from issue fixes. We find that the test code itself and the source code covered by the test are important factors, while the factors related to the code changes in the performance issues fixes have a low importance. Practitioners may focus on designing and improving the tests, instead of fine-tuning tests for different performance issues fixes. Our findings can be used as a guideline for practitioners to reduce the amount of effort spent on leveraging and designing tests that run in the release pipeline for performance assurance activities. |
11,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Cooperative Task Offloading for Energy-Efficient Small Cell MEC Networks, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Adaptive systems, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Programming, Throughput, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Cooperative task offloading has emerged as a compelling computing paradigm for balancing spatially uneven task workloads and computational resources in distributed mobile edge computing (MEC) systems. However, enabling cooperation among multiple MEC nodes inevitably requires extra communication and computational energy overheads which might counteract the cooperation gain without energy-efficient offloading mechanisms. This paper presents an adaptive cooperative task offloading algorithm aiming at maximizing the time-averaged energy efficiency for small cell MEC networks enabled by millimeter-wave backhauls. With the considered network dynamics, the proposed algorithm makes a good tradeoff between the harvested cooperation utility and the total energy consumption in the long term. In addition, our algorithm ensures the network stability and fulfills the task admission rate requirement of each individual user equipment, by making slot-based decisions over time without requiring a-priori knowledge of the network dynamics. Simulation results verify the outstanding performance of the proposed algorithm by comparing with the static cooperative and adaptive non-cooperative schemes. |
11,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive filtering for delivering multimedia services in W-CDMA cellular networks using genetic algorithms, and key words: Adaptive filters, Multiaccess communication, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Genetic algorithms, Quality of service, Filtering algorithms, Wideband, Bandwidth, Communication system traffic control, Bit rate. Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive filtering algorithm for the delivery of multimedia content with different quality of service (QoS) requirements in time-varying wideband code-division multiple access (W-CDMA) cellular networks. The algorithm objective is to guarantee levels of quality for two different user defined profiles (premium, or economy), while attempting to maximize the allocation of the radio channel bandwidth and maintaining the QoS requirements of downloaded traffic flows (audio, video, and data). Our proposed solution is based upon utilizing genetic algorithms (GAs) to solve a multi-objective function that selects, during a control period, the bit rates and formats for the media codecs of downloaded traffic flows and assigns the air interface channel rate and power to each user, subject to different constraints. To show the performance of the algorithm, W-CDMA systems with and without filtering capabilities are compared. |
11,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Prediction System for Ship Movements Using Machine Learning and Radar Images, and key words: Image resolution, Target tracking, Navigation, Radar detection, Radar, Machine learning, Radar imaging. Abstract: To maintain ship navigation safety, the navigator must understand and predict the movements of other ships. Radar images include both ship (target) and non-ship images (noise), such as sea clutter. To understand the movements of other ships, navigators must detect ship images from radar images manually. To maintain the optimum situation awareness of navigators while reducing the workload, a function that can automatically detect and track ship images, including small ships, is desired on the radar. Therefore, a system to predict ship movements using machine learning and radar images is proposed in this study. The proposed prediction system is based on a learning model developed using a denoising convolutional autoencoder. The learning and validation data are radar images processed via image processing in advance. The prediction accuracy of ship movements in this study is 90.97%, and the loss is 0.0396. |
11,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on College Students’ Network Responsibility Behavior Based on Big Data Technology and SPSS Data Analysis, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Ethics, Information science, Data analysis, Education, Big Data, Software. Abstract: With the continuous development of big data technology and network technology, the network always affects the study, life and work of college students, and college students’ lack of awareness of network responsibility and problems of anomie behavior frequently become more complicated. This article uses big data technology, uses smart campus and big data network to extract data, and uses SPSS software to analyze the obtained college students’ network responsibility behavior data from vertical links and horizontal dimensions, and finds that college students’ non-network responsibility behaviors have decreased and appeared. A certain degree of "disconnected knowledge and action" and other issues provide a reference for further promoting the improvement of college students’ network responsibility. |
11,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Capsule Network with Multi-Subspace Learning, and key words: Wireless communication, Training, Deep learning, Tensors, Convolution, Computational modeling, Routing. Abstract: The capsule networks (CapsNet) is a promising domain in deep learning, which can effectively solve the fatal shortcomings of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), that is, the lack of the capability to represent the spatial relationship within feature map and the ability to encode corresponding positions. Yet its true potential is not fully realized thus far. Almost all kinds of CapsNet models, even if they only contain a few capsule layers, the model parameters have risen to the order of several million, which means that huge computer resources and training time are required. In this paper, we propose Multi-Head Self-Attention Capsule Network (MA-CapsNet) to address these drawbacks above. We design a lateral inhibition scheme to highlight the target capsule. Compared with other CapsNet, we use multi-head self-attention to route capsules, instead of the recently popular tensor convolution routing and the old-fashion iterative routing, which reduces the parameters of the entire CapsNet to about 19k, less than 0.3% of the original CapsNet proposed by Hinton. Our routing mechanism strengthens the model's ability to focus on different positions in feature maps and expands the representation subspace of the attention layer. With MA-CapsNet, we surpass the state-of-the-art results in the field of CapsNet on MNIST, FashionMNIST, SmallNORB with least model parameters. |
11,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the construction of virtual simulation resource system for vocational education based on deep learning, and key words: Integration of industry and education, Deep learning, Virtual resources. Abstract: With the continuous development of information technology, education informatization has been applied to all stages of education, and it has become a trend to promote digital teaching such as multimedia courseware. This paper first introduces the construction value of virtual simulation resources based on deep learning, develops various explicit or implicit conditions and elements with the help of simulation technology and virtual reality technology, builds the framework system and design process of the virtual simulation resource system for vocational education, and uses bionics This paper reveals the occurrence mechanism and environmental conditions of deep learning, in order to provide some references for further research on deep learning. |
11,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive regulation of MIMO linear discrete-time systems without requiring a persistent excitation, and key words: MIMO, Parameter estimation, Regulators, Adaptive control, Upper bound, Stability, System testing, Recursive estimation, Force control. Abstract: An adaptive regulator which does not require a persistent excitation is developed for multiinput multioutput (MIMO) linear discrete-time systems. The assumptions on the plant are 1) an upper bound on the system dimension is known; 2) the unknown system parameters belong to known bounded intervals; 3) the plant is stabilizable for all possible values of the unknown system parameters. The stabilizability condition can be tested before the system is put into operation. A recursive parameter estimation scheme is given which forces the parameter estimates to converge to the known intervals. Using this estimator, an adaptive regulator is derived which results in a globally-stable closed-loop system. |
11,173 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimization Methods of Government Website Based on Search Engine, and key words: Industries, Mechatronics, Government, Optimization methods, Search engines, Probability, User experience. Abstract: Government website is not only an important bridge for the government to maintain close contact with the people under the condition of information, but also an important platform for the government to perform its duties in the network era. As the service terminal of e-government, it is an important channel to disclose government information, serve the public and enterprises and promote public participation. On this basis, a government website optimization method based on search engine is proposed. After defining government website service business and designing government website column services, the thesis optimizes government website analysis methods and service requirements, optimizes search engine content, and calculates website browsing probability based on search engine PR algorithm. Taking the government websites of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the research object, the optimization effect is verified. Experiments show that the website optimization method can effectively improve the daily traffic of the website, and the growth rate of FAQ and PV value has more advantages than the traditional method. |
11,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Class F-C Power Amplifier with 2nd Harmonic Control at the Input, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Logic gates, Power system harmonics, Power generation, Performance evaluation, Microwave theory and techniques, Power measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a single stage Class F-C power amplifier working at S-band. It achieves PAE higher than 60% and an output power of 37 dBm over frequency range 2.2 GHz to 2.47 GHz. The approach of gate harmonic control is adopted into the design. By manipulation of the 2nd harmonic at gate node, the proper phase relationship between 3rd harmonic and the fundamental one at the drain is obtained, in order to realize a Class F-C PA. The design procedure and the feasibility of harmonic manipulation at the input is also presented in this paper. |
11,175 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Inertial-Visual Heading Determination System for Wheeled Mobile Robots, and key words: Magnetometers, Gyroscopes, Compass, Mobile robots, Kalman filters. Abstract: Finding an alternative way to replace the magnetic compass to determine the robot heading angle indoor is always a challenge in the robotics society. This brief proposes a structurally simple yet efficient nonmagnetic heading determination system, which can be used in the planar indoor environment with abundant ferromagnetic and electromagnetic interferences, by the combination of gyroscope and vision. The gyroscope is utilized to perceive the yaw rate, whereas a downward-looking camera is used to capture the prelaid auxiliary strips to acquire the absolute angle of the robot heading. Due to the existence of pseudomeasurement, varying noise statistical characteristics, and asynchronization between state propagation and measurement, the existing Kalman filters cannot be applied to fuse the gyroscopic and visual data. Therefore, a novel fusion algorithm named pseudomeasurement-resistant adaptive asynchronous Kalman filter is proposed, which is experimentally verified to be efficient in the environment with various interferences. |
11,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Bangla Sign Language Detection with Sentence and Speech Generation, and key words: Visualization, Assistive technology, Gesture recognition, Speech recognition, Streaming media, Real-time systems, Task analysis. Abstract: Sign language, the non-verbal language used by the people with hearing and speaking disability, known as the deaf and mute, to connect the bridge of communication with others. Being a visual means of communication, it deprives the mutes to communicate with people having a visual impairment. A medium recognizing sign language and converting it into text and speech could fill the gap. Recently lots of research has been on Bangla Sign Language(BdSL) classification, not on Bangla sentence and speech generation. Most of them classify either digits or alphabets and also face time delay. This paper proposes a system for BdSL recognition that can interpret BdSL from a sequence of images or a video stream and generate both textual sentences and speech in real-time. We have used YOLOv4 as the object detection model. We have also proposed three new signs for the sentence generation task and built a dataset consisting of 12.5k BdSL images of 49 different classes where 39 are Bangla alphabets, 10 are Bangla digits, and the three new proposed signs. |
11,177 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Multi-Object Tracking in Point Clouds Based on Prediction Confidence-Guided Data Association, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Tracking, Feature extraction, Detectors, Two dimensional displays, Predictive models, Acceleration. Abstract: This paper proposes a new 3D multi-object tracker to more robustly track objects that are temporarily missed by detectors. Our tracker can better leverage object features for 3D Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) in point clouds. The proposed tracker is based on a novel data association scheme guided by prediction confidence, and it consists of two key parts. First, we design a new predictor that employs a constant acceleration (CA) motion model to estimate future positions, and outputs a prediction confidence to guide data association through increased awareness of detection quality. Second, we introduce a new aggregated pairwise cost to exploit features of objects in point clouds for faster and more accurate data association. The proposed cost consists of geometry, appearance and motion components. Specifically, we formulate the geometry cost using resolutions (lengths, widths and heights), centroids, and orientations of 3D bounding boxes (BBs), the appearance cost using appearance features from the deep learning-based detector backbone network, and the motion cost by associating different motion vectors. Extensive multi-object tracking experiments on the KITTI tracking benchmark demonstrated that our method outperforms, by a large margin, the state-of-the-art methods in both tracking accuracy and speed. |
11,178 | Please write an abstract with title: A Gram-Charlier series method of calculating the probability of error in lightwave transmission systems, and key words: Probability, Intersymbol interference, Optical filters, Photodetectors, Computational efficiency, Gaussian approximation, Gaussian noise, Matrix decomposition, Symmetric matrices, Optical receivers. Abstract: A Gram-Charlier series method has previously been applied to the calculation of the conditional probability of error, for a fixed data sequence, in the presence of intersymbol interference, detector multiplication noise, shot noise, and thermal noise. The probability of error is obtained by averaging the conditional probability of error over all possible data sequences. In this paper it is shown how the computational efficiency of the Gram-Charlier series method can be improved by calculating the probability of error without the need for an exhaustive averaging procedure. |
11,179 | Please write an abstract with title: Hidden Markov models applied to very low bit rate speech coding, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Bit rate, Speech coding, Random variables, Stochastic processes, Linear predictive coding, Decoding, Vocoders, Automatic speech recognition, Human voice. Abstract: A new type of very low bit rate speech coder based on a global Discrete Hidden Markov Model (DHMM) of continuous speech for a single speaker is presented here. Several important issues of the training, coding, and decoding procedures are discussed for a 64-state, 1024-observation model. Such a framework is useful in reducing the redundancy in a 10-bit classical Vector Quantizer (VQ), and could lead to a DHMM coder with a bit rate comparable to that of a Segment Vocoder (SV) or a Matrix Quantizer (MQ). This is achieved not only by modelling the long term non-stationarity and the inter-frame time dependencies of the speech, but also by efficiently representing a different kind of information such as vocal tract structure and linguistic patterns. |
11,180 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Three-Pulse Equivalent Power Loss Profile for Simplified Thermal Estimation, and key words: Junctions, Temperature, Estimation, Thermal analysis, Computational modeling, Reliability, Thermal resistance. Abstract: One of the key challenges for long-term reliability analysis of power electronic converters is to quickly estimate extensive junction temperature cycles of power semiconductor devices while fulfilling an accepted accuracy. To address this challenge, this article proposes a novel three-pulse equivalent power loss profile. By contrast to the conventional methods of dividing the power loss equally, this article discretizes the power loss profile based on the identified occurrences of maximum and minimum junction temperatures (i.e., thermal characteristics). This proposed model decouples the conventional conflict between the thermal estimation accuracy and computational burdens. And it has the advantages of improving accuracy in terms of the maximum and minimum junction temperatures, and power-on time of thermal profiles, which are majorly concerned by today’s lifetime models of power semiconductors. Moreover, the proposed method also helps to reduce computational burdens. The relevant variables of the thermal modeling methods are investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments, and the impact of its thermal estimation advantages on lifetime evaluation is analyzed further. |
11,181 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study of Network-Side 5G User Localization Using Angle-Based Fingerprints, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Long Term Evolution, Azimuth, Antenna measurements, Receivers, Fingerprint recognition, Antenna arrays. Abstract: This paper explores network-side cellular user localization using fingerprints created from the angle measurements enabled by 5G. Our key idea is a binning-based fingerprinting technique that leverages multipath propagation to create fingerprint vectors based on angles of arrival of signals along multiple paths at each user. In network simulations that recreate urban environments with 3D building geometry and base station locations for a major city, our binning-based fingerprinting for 5G achieves significantly lower localization errors with a single base station than signal strength-based fingerprinting for LTE. |
11,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Requirements and Specifications for the Orchestration of Network Intelligence in 6G, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Analytical models, Focusing, Machine learning, Network architecture, Proposals, Next generation networking. Abstract: Next-generation mobile networks are expected to flaunt highly (if not fully) automated management. To achieve such a vision, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques will be key enablers to craft the required intelligence for networking, i.e., Network Intelligence (NI), empowering myriad of orchestrators and controllers across network domains. In this paper, we elaborate on the DAEMON architectural model, which proposes introducing a NI Orchestration layer for the effective end-to-end coordination of NI instances deployed across the whole mobile network infrastructure. Specifically, we first outline requirements and specifications for NI design that stem from data management, control timescales, and network technology characteristics. Then, we build on such analysis to derive initial principles for the design of the NI Orchestration layer, focusing on (i) proposals for the interaction loop between NI instances and the NI Orchestrator, and (ii) a unified representation of NI algorithms based on an extended MAPE-K model. Our work contributes to the definition of the interfaces and operation of a NI Orchestration layer that foster a native integration of NI in mobile network architectures. |
11,183 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Zero-Shot Learning Via Multi-Modal Aggregated Posterior Aligning Neural Network, and key words: Semantics, Visualization, Generative adversarial networks, Gallium nitride, Training, Task analysis, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: The visual-semantic gap between the visual space (visual features) and semantic space (semantic attributes) is one of the main problems in the Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) task. The essence of this problem is that the structure of manifolds in these two spaces is inconsistent, which makes it difficult to learn embeddings that unify visual features and semantic attributes for similarity measurement. In this work, we tackle this problem by proposing a multi-modal aggregated posterior aligning neural network based on Wasserstein Auto-encoders (WAE) which learns a shared latent space for visual features and semantic attributes. The key to our approach is that the aggregated posterior distribution of the latent representations encoded from visual features of each class is encouraged to be aligned with a Gaussian distribution predicted by the corresponding semantic attribute in the latent space. On one hand, requiring the latent manifolds of visual features and semantic attributes to be consistent preserves the inter-class association between seen and unseen classes. On the other hand, the aggregated posterior of each class is directly defined as a Gaussian in the latent space, which provides a reliable way to synthesize latent features for training classification models. Using the AWA1, AWA2, CUB, aPY, FLO, and SUN benchmark datasets, we extensively conducted comparative evaluations to demonstrate the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art approaches. |
11,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Content Analysis of Messages in Social Networks, Identification of Suicidal Types, and key words: Libraries, Python, Social networking (online), Machine learning, Biological neural networks, Training. Abstract: This article describes content analysis of text with to identify suicidal tendencies and types. This article also describes how to make a sentence classifier that uses a neural network created using various libraries created for machine learning in the Python programming language. Attention is paid to the problem of teenage suicide and "groups of death" in social networks, the search for ways to stop the propaganda of suicide among minors. Analysis of existing information about so-called "groups of death" and its distribution on the Internet. |
11,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Humans Prefer Collaborating with a Robot Who Leads in a Physical Human-Robot Collaboration Scenario, and key words: Robot control, NASA, Fitting, Collaboration, Human-robot interaction, Indexes, Task analysis. Abstract: A question that many researchers in the area of human-robot interaction are addressing is how to create more human-like behaviour in robots to make the collaboration between a human and a robot more intuitive to the human partner. In this paper, we propose a novel method for robot control that aims to more accurately replicate human behaviour in human-robot collaborative tasks by considering how leader-follower relationships are established during physical human collaboration. How the leader/follower roles are allocated in a human dyad was learnt during a study on human-human collaboration. The performance of the proposed control method was evaluated using a reaching scenario where we compared task performance between individual tasks, tasks where two people were collaborating and tasks where a human was collaborating with a robot using the proposed control model. In addition, we were interested in observing how the subjects perceived the difficulty of each task type. This was evaluated using the Nasa Task Load Index and a short questionnaire. The results of the evaluation showed, that the robot control method is capable of replicating human behaviour to benefit the overall task performance of the subject in collaboration. Furthermore, the results in this work showed that the majority of subjects preferred to perform the task in collaboration with a robot that leads them, compared to performing the task on their own or in collaboration either with another human or a follower robot. |
11,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Variation Approach-Based Nonlinear Companding Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems, and key words: OFDM, Peak to average power ratio, Probability density function, Transforms, Nonlinear distortion, Optimization, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) continues to find vast deployment in current and next generation wireless communication systems. However, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major drawbacks in the OFDM system. In this paper, we develop a variation approach based nonlinear companding (VANC) scheme to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems. It aims to find the probability density function (PDF) for OFDM signal amplitudes with low PAPR and low distortion compared with their original Rayleigh distribution. The target PDF is found by solving a variation optimization problem model, which is built to find the lowest PDF distortion with both average signal power and probability conservation constraint. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the variation method is used to find companding function to address the high PAPR problem. We then propose an algorithm with companding operation based on quantized levels. Simulation results validate the performance superiorities of the proposed scheme to that of other typical companding schemes. |
11,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Axis Capacitive Sensor Arrays for Local and Global Shear Force Detection, and key words: Electrodes, Force, Dielectrics, Capacitance, Sensor arrays, Fabrication, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: We report the real time characterization and measurement results of a new tri-axial capacitive sensing array. Each unit cell of the Kapton based sensor has an overlapping electrode geometry that allows for the measurement of normal and shear force magnitudes, and the estimation of the 2D and 3D angle of the shear force. The use of a patterned Ecoflex dielectric layer further improves the shear force response and the tunability of the sensor. A custom readout circuit was developed to selectively read the differential capacitances in the sensor array. The local (unit cell) and global (array) force response of the sensor was characterized using a tilt stage, allowing us to determine both the normal and the shear response at different angles in the range of 0-20N. The results show that the Unit Cell response is uniform in the linear range of 0-10N for normal forces (4.6fF/N for all four differential capacitances) and shows good sensitivity for shear forces (1.4 fF/N difference between the right and left differential capacitances at the minimum) and low cross talk. Similar results were seen when a global force was applied across the sensor array. 2D and 3D models were developed to extrapolate the shear force angle from the capacitance data. We also characterized the flexible patterned dielectric layer to understand the effect of its structural dimensions on the effective relative permittivity and developed an analytical model to easily calculate the effective relative permittivity, which showed excellent correlation with the experimentally obtained results. [2020-0382] |
11,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodology of Electricity Supplying of Critical Infrastructure in Crisis Situations, and key words: Turbines, Critical infrastructure, Production, Generators, Planning, Stability analysis, Cooling. Abstract: The paper focuses on the issues associated with the supply of electricity to critical infrastructure in crisis situations. In the introductory passages, the paper focuses on the methodology of selecting objects of critical infrastructure. Subsequently, attention is paid to selected aspects associated with the operation of electricity generation during a crisis situations. By using suitable types of production units (gas turbines), it is possible to gradually start island operation in the surrounding region, primarily for critical infrastructure facilities, whose main task is to protect the population. In the practical part, the paper focuses on the issues of stability of the island operation mode. The results of the case study show that for the switch-on plan it is necessary to take into account the dynamic characteristics of island operation by feeding the objects of critical infrastructure gradually after small electrical power steps. |
11,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Active Disturbance Rejection Control Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives, and key words: Estimation, Robustness, Rotors, Observers, Torque, Permanent magnet motors, Drives. Abstract: Active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) possesses the considerable capability of improving the robustness of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Nevertheless, the traditional linear ADRC (LADRC) and nonlinear ADRC (NLADRC) have their specific characteristic disturbance range of application. To further expand the disturbance range so as to improve the robustness against the disturbances, a novel NLADRC is proposed, which replaces the traditional linear function with a nonlinear function (NLF). And it is applied as the speed regulator for PMSM drives. Considering the accuracy and the dynamic performance of the disturbance estimation at the same time, an NLF is developed, and its describing function is established accordingly. Based on the above analysis, the NLADRC employing a cascaded nonlinear extended state observer is constructed to guarantee the relatively rapid and accurate disturbances estimation and compensation. Then, via the describing function technique, the theoretical frequency-domain analysis for the stability, the disturbance estimation performance, and the stiffness of the proposed NLADRC-based sensorless PMSM drive is given. Finally, the validity of the proposed scheme is verified experimentally on a 2.2-kW PMSM drive platform. |
11,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Privacy-certification standards for extended-reality devices and services, and key words: Data privacy, Privacy, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, User interfaces, Security. Abstract: In this position paper, we discuss the need for, and potential requirements for privacy certification standards for extended-reality devices and related services. We begin by presenting motivations, before discussing related efforts. We then review the issue of certification as a research problem and identify key requirements. Finally, we out-line key recommendations for how these might feed into a grander roadmap for privacy and security research. |
11,191 | Please write an abstract with title: A Systematic Review of Alzheimer's disease detection based on speech and natural language processing, and key words: Systematics, Databases, Education, Natural language processing, Internet, Alzheimer's disease, Speech processing. Abstract: Objectives: The main goal of this review is to intro-duce the work with various conversational datasets containing data from patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The basic questions we deal with in the systematic review are: (1) Which datasets are most often used in studies? (2) How does the number of participants in individual datasets vary? (3) What is the representation of individual groups in datasets? Methods: We used databases Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to create the report. Inclusion criteria have been created from key words - voice, speech, Alzheimer detection and natural language processing. We have focused on articles from the beginning of 2019 until now. Articles that did not contain full-text in English were excluded. Results: The review contains a total of 37 studies in which their datasets can be examined. The most commonly used datasets in the articles are ADReSS, PITT and CCC. Many datasets were created for a specific study only, and some have not yet been made public. The range of participants in individual datasets ranges from 30 to 865. The most frequently used ADReSS dataset in the studies contained records of 156 participants. Conclusion: In several cases, the size of the dataset turns out to play an important role, but the overall quality of the dataset was a more significant factor. As a result of a deeper understanding of datasets, we concluded that many factors, such as the age of the participants, gender, or the number of education years, played a significant role as an indicator for Alzheimer's disease prediction. |
11,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Gait-Based Person Identification and Intruder Detection Using mm-Wave Sensing in Multi-Person Scenario, and key words: Radar, Radar tracking, Sensors, Feature extraction, Radar detection, Spaceborne radar, Legged locomotion. Abstract: Using mm-wave sensing to identify persons by the way they walk has recently emerged as a promising solution of biometrics, and has found versatile applications in security surveillance, automatic access control, and health monitoring. In this paper, we build a system named MGait for indoor multi-person identification and intruder detection based on gait micro-Doppler (m-D) signatures captured by a low-cost mm-wave radar. In multi-person scenario where multiple subjects concurrently share and walk within the same physical space, the proposed system continuously detects and separately tracks each subject in the range-Doppler (R-D) space frame by frame to extract their respective gait m-D signatures. Then, an open-set identification network is trained by a large-margin Gaussian mixture (L-GM) loss to learn highly discriminative feature representations and compel the learned features of the training set to follow a Gaussian mixture distribution, with each component representing a registered user. As such, the known users can be directly identified based on the class-posterior probability and the intruder can also be rejected by setting a probability threshold. The proposed system is verified on real radar measurements collected by a 77 GHz FMCW radar, achieving an overall accuracy of 88.59% in identifying up to 5 subjects, including 1 known user and 4 intruders, freely and concurrently moving in a corridor space. |
11,193 | Please write an abstract with title: Static condensers, and key words: Reactive power, Fuses, Tariffs, Power factor correction, Induction motors, Furnaces, Power generation. Abstract: The writer would like to take this opportunity of thanking Mr. Perrow for his useful contribution to the discussion on the paper, and to which he replies as follows |
11,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Rapid synchronization and accurate phase-locking of rhythmic motor primitives, and key words: Frequency synchronization, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Robot kinematics, Laboratories, Humans, Oscillators, Music, Legged locomotion, Tuning, Computer science. Abstract: Rhythmic movement is ubiquitous in human and animal behavior, e.g., as in locomotion, dancing, swimming, chewing, scratching, music playing, etc. A particular feature of rhythmic movement in biology is the rapid synchronization and phase locking with other periodic events in the environment, for instance music or visual stimuli as in ball juggling. In traditional oscillator theories to rhythmic movement generation, synchronization with another signal is relatively slow, and it is not easy to achieve accurate phase locking with a particular feature of the driving stimulus. Using a recently developed framework of dynamic motor primitives, we demonstrate a novel algorithm for very rapid synchronization of a rhythmic movement pattern, which can phase lock any feature of the movement to any particular event in the driving stimulus. As an example application, we demonstrate how an anthropomorphic robot can use imitation learning to acquire a complex drumming pattern and keep it synchronized with an external rhythm generator that changes its frequency over time. |
11,195 | Please write an abstract with title: Gauss-Newton: A Prediction-Error-Gradient based Algorithm to Track PMSM Parameters Online, and key words: Resistance, Heuristic algorithms, Stators, Prediction algorithms, Synchronous motors, Power electronics, Reliability. Abstract: Online adaptation of temperature-sensitive motor parameters is of significance for the electric drives in reliability-critical applications. Recursive prediction error method (RPEM) is widely used for this purpose. Gauss-Newton Algorithm (GNA), a prediction-error-gradients based algorithm, is adopted in this paper to find RPEM-gains for the parameter identification. This paper first investigates the simultaneous identifiability of permanent magnet flux linkage ( Ψm), and stator resistance (Rs) of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) using both nonlinear observability theorem and RPEM. Subsequently, GNA is analyzed for its tracking capability, speed of convergence, need of gain-scheduling and computational demand in comparison to stochastic gradient (SGA), another algorithm of the same class, using steady and dynamic state simulations. |
11,196 | Please write an abstract with title: On-line optimizing neural networks for Kalman filtered real-time identification, and key words: Neural networks, Kalman filters, Symmetric matrices, Parameter estimation, Recursive estimation, Noise measurement, Equations, Lyapunov method, Cost function, Feedback control. Abstract: The questions addressed in this paper concern the applicability of system parameters recursive identification using neural networks as well as a method how the exposed problems can be reduced to a standard formulation using dual heuristic dynamic programming and back-propagation training. Some background materials are presented on the recursive least-square methods and task-determination of neural network structure, formulated in terms of generalized linear quadratic control. The results arise with such representation and their training capability could be useful in dynamic systems for adaptive identification and control. |
11,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Degradation detection of wireless IP links based on local stationary binomial distribution models, and key words: Degradation, Monitoring, Telecommunication traffic, Telephony, ISDN, Sequential analysis, IP networks, Research and development, Laboratories, Data analysis. Abstract: A degradation detection problem of link quality in a long-distance 2.4 GHz wireless system is discussed. The time series to be monitored is periodic and non-stationary. The decision algorithm for degradation is difficult to define, and methods based on conventional traffic theory are not useful for IP link quality. Thus we should introduce some kind of intelligent data analysis technique. The authors propose to apply an AI-based method which solves a similar problem in a commercial switching telephone and ISDN network. The method partitions a target time-series into local stationary segments. Optimization of partitioning is based on the minimal Akaike (1974) information criterion principle. The technique called sequential probability ratio test is also applied to make efficient decisions about degradation. Thus experiments to apply our proposed method to this domain are conducted with wireless systems at a real field. The result shows the AI-based method is also effective for the degradation detection of wireless IP links. |
11,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Compaction of pass/fail-based diagnostic test vectors for combinational and sequential circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Compaction, Sequential analysis, Sequential circuits, Circuit faults, Fault diagnosis, Fault detection, Costs, Computer science, Combinational circuits. Abstract: Substantial attention is being paid to the fault diagnosis problem in recent test literature. Yet, the compaction of test vectors for fault diagnosis is little explored. The compaction of diagnostic test vectors must take care of all fault pairs that need to be distinguished by a given test vector set. Clearly, the number of fault pairs is much larger than the number of faults thus making this problem very difficult and challenging. The key contributions of this paper are: 1) to use techniques for reducing the size of fault pairs to be considered at a time, 2) to use novel variants of the fault distinguishing table method for combinational circuits and reverse order restoration method for sequential circuits, and 3) to introduce heuristics to manage the space complexity of considering all fault pairs for large circuits. Finally, the experimental results for ISCAS benchmark circuits are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods |
11,199 | Please write an abstract with title: UHF High-Power Low-Distortion Transistor Amplifier with High-Dielectric (epsilon/sub r/=39) Substrate, and key words: High power amplifiers, Dielectric substrates, Circuits, Capacitors, Microstrip, Ceramics, Impedance, Conductors, Dielectric losses, Capacitance. Abstract: A hybrid-integrated UHF power amplifier has been designed and fabricated on high-dielectric (epsilon/sub r/=39) substrate. The amplifier was developed to replace TWTs in television transposers and provides a rated output peak power of 32W with low-distortion characteristic over the 650%~770 MHz frequency range. |
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