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11,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of large-area metasurfaces with a distributed transition matrix method, and key words: Inverse problems, Distribution strategy, Computational modeling, Lasers and electrooptics, Metasurfaces, Computational electromagnetics, Laser transitions. Abstract: We present a method to accurately compute simulations and gradients of large-area metasurfaces. Our distribution strategy gives a linear simulation time reduction proportional to number of compute nodes, opening the door to accurate large-scale inverse-design. |
11,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of Topological Space-Time Non-Separable Light Pulses, and key words: Electric fields, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Periodic structures, Magnetic separation. Abstract: We report the generation of space-time non-separable toroidal pulses of complex topological structure. Such pulses, a formation of singularities propagating in free space, are ideal probes for toroidal and anapole modes in matter. |
11,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Speech-codec detection by spectral harmonic-plus-noise decomposition, and key words: Speech codecs, Speech enhancement, Speech analysis, Telephony, Power harmonic filters, Shape, Noise shaping, Circuits and systems, Reliability engineering, World Wide Web. Abstract: This paper presents a new method for speech-codec detection providing reliable information about the perceived quality of a telephone link. Our specific decomposition of the short-time speech-spectrum into a harmonic and a noise component reveals codec-specific distortions of the speech signal. In conjunction with an appropriate classifier, we thus can identify five different codecs with an error rate of less than 8%. |
11,003 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Asymmetric T-Shaped Radiating Element for Circularly-Polarized Waveguide Slot Arrays, and key words: Slot antennas, Hollow waveguides, Rectangular waveguides, Linear antenna arrays, Geometry, Arrayed waveguide gratings, Wideband. Abstract: Waveguide slot arrays are a widely used solution to attain linearly polarized high-gain antennas. In this article, an all-metal T-shaped radiating element is conceived with the aim to replace the usual rectangular slots and attain circularly polarized arrays, preserving their good properties. The polarization conversion is made possible due to the inclusion of a parasitic arm perpendicular to the main active slot. Due to the fact that this second arm is not directly fed by the waveguide but coupled to the active slot, the T-shaped element can be used in any array originally formed by metallic rectangular slots. The design of resonant shunt arrays has been addressed here for validation purposes. The experimental results of two sample linear arrays at 30 GHz demonstrate the design accuracy and manufacturing reliability, reporting an axial ratio below 2 dB within a bandwidth of 1.9 GHz and a peak efficiency around 98%. |
11,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Wake-Up From Power-Off State for Autonomous Sensor Nodes, and key words: Optical sensors, Photovoltaic cells, Optical receivers, Signal detection, Optical amplifiers, Photodiodes. Abstract: Wireless sensor nodes spend most of their time in standby mode and wake up periodically to send measurement data. Typically, a radio-frequency antenna is coupled with an amplifier to provide this wake-up function; together, these two elements recognize instances of radio signal activation. Even during standby operation, the sensor node utilizes a certain base amount of energy, which can be critical when using an energy-harvesting source. In this study, we propose a novel optical approach to the wake-up function for autonomous sensor nodes, which employs a solar cell as the wake-up signal detector. A bright light flash coming from another node or a smartphone hits a solar cell and activates the sensor node. Unlike photodiodes or RF-antennas, solar cells do not require any additional energy to detect such a signal. Therefore, the proposed electrical circuit allows the sensor node to wake-up from a complete power-off state. The solar cell of the novel wake-up receiver has an area of sensitivity of 8 mm × 10 mm. The wake-up signal can be recognized from a maximum distance of 25 cm at a range of ambient illumination from 0 - 1600 lx with a transmitter optical power of 20 mW. In the power-off state, the power consumption of this novel design is the lowest of all existing off-the-shelf wake-up receivers: 248 pW at 0 lx and 627 nW at 1600 lx. |
11,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Array Aware Training/Pruning: Methods for Efficient Forward Propagation on Array-based Neural Network Accelerators, and key words: Hardware, Training, Computational modeling, Arrays, Matrix converters, Program processors. Abstract: Due to the increase in the use of large-sized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) over the years, specialized hardware accelerators such as Tensor Processing Unit and Eyeriss have been developed to accelerate the forward pass of the network. The essential component of these devices is an array processor which is composed of multiple individual compute units for efficiently executing Multiplication and Accumulation (MAC) operation. As the size of this array limits the amount of DNN processing of a single layer, the computation is performed in several batches serially leading to extra compute cycles along both the axes. In practice, due to the mismatch between matrix and array sizes, the computation does not map on the array exactly. In this work, we address the issue of minimizing processing cycles on the array by adjusting the DNN model parameters by using a structured hardware array dependent optimization. We introduce two techniques in this paper: Array Aware Training (AAT) for efficient training and Array Aware Pruning (AAP) for efficient inference. Weight pruning is an approach to remove redundant parameters in the network to decrease the size of the network. The key idea behind pruning in this paper is to adjust the model parameters (the weight matrix) so that the array is fully utilized in each computation batch. Our goal is to compress the model based on the size of the array so as to reduce the number of computation cycles. We observe that both the proposed techniques results into similar accuracy as the original network while saving a significant number of processing cycles (75%). |
11,006 | Please write an abstract with title: On point-wise models for MIMO wireless systems, and key words: MIMO, Australia, Antenna arrays, Wireless communication, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Virtual reality, Computer science, Analytical models, Convergence. Abstract: We consider the standard (point-wise) linear channel model for MIMO wireless systems in terms of a continuous operator channel. We show analytically that the point-wise representation overestimates the (true) modal connection strengths and produces artificially distorted channel singular values. Analytic results are compared with simulations for simple channel models and the convergence of the point-wise model toward the continuous model is shown. |
11,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Compcrypt–Lightweight ANS-Based Compression and Encryption, and key words: Encoding, Encryption, Cryptography, Internet of Things, Channel coding, Probability distribution, Decoding. Abstract: Compression is widely used in Internet applications to save communication time, bandwidth and storage. Recently invented by Jarek Duda asymmetric numeral system (ANS) offers an improved efficiency and a close to optimal compression. The ANS algorithm has been deployed by major IT companies such as Facebook, Google and Apple. Compression by itself does not provide any security (such as confidentiality or authentication of transmitted data). An obvious solution to this problem is an encryption of compressed bitstream. However, it requires two algorithms: one for compression and the other for encryption. In this work, we investigate natural properties of ANS that allow to incorporate authenticated encryption using as little cryptography as possible. We target low-level security communication and storage such as transmission of data from IoT devices/sensors. In particular, we propose three solutions for joint compression and encryption (compcrypt). The solutions offer different tradeoffs between security and efficiency assuming a slight compression deterioration. All of them use a pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG) based on lightweight stream ciphers. The first solution is close to original ANS and applies state jumps controlled by PRBG. The second one employs two copies of ANS, where compression is switched between the copies. The switch is controlled by a PRBG bit. The third compcrypt modifies the encoding function of ANS depending on PRBG bits. Security and efficiency of the proposed compcrypt algorithms are evaluated. The first compcrypt is the most efficient with a slight loss of compression quality. The second one consumes more storage but the loss of compression quality is negligible. The last compcrypt offers the best security but is the least efficient. |
11,008 | Please write an abstract with title: Process Design Kits Management for Multiple Processes applied to Silicon Technologies, and key words: Process design, Solid modeling, Adaptation models, Three-dimensional displays, Design automation, Capacitors, Layout. Abstract: Semi-conductor technologies are evolving fast and have an increasing number of applications in a wide range of domains and markets. Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools need to be adapted to these new technologies. There are different CAD software available on the global market. These software programs all have unique features adapted to the needs of companies but they include the same modules: layout, design, simulation and verification. These software programs need to be fed with Process Design Kits (PDK) to allow designers to meet manufacturing constraints and run simulations. PDKs are generally specifically created for a particular technology. In this paper, we show a way to manage and create multiple PDKs for different types of technology and software programs. To that end, we use a database containing technology and software independent information. We apply PDK management to silicon 3D capacitors technologies and related components. |
11,009 | Please write an abstract with title: A planner-independent collaborative planning assistant, and key words: Collaboration, Process planning, Humans, Permission, Natural languages, Speech analysis, Collaborative work, Marine technology, Intelligent systems, Terminology. Abstract: This article introduces a novel approach to the problem of collaborative planning. We present a method that takes classical one-shot planning techniques - that take a fixed set of goals, initial state, and a domain theory - and adapts them to support the incremental, hierarchical and exploratory nature of collaborative planning that occurs between human planners, and that multi-agent planning systems attempt to support. This approach is planner-independent - in that it could be applied to any classical planning technique - and recasts the problem of collaborative planning as a search through a space of possible inputs to a classical planning system. This article outlines the technique and describes its application to the Mission Rehearsal Exercise, a multi-agent training system. |
11,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Highly Sensitive Multi-Functional Plasmonic Biosensor Based on Dual Core Photonic Crystal Fiber, and key words: Sensitivity, Temperature sensors, Sensors, Biosensors, Refractive index, Gold, Temperature measurement. Abstract: In this paper, highly efficient multi-functional biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed and analyzed. The suggested sensor has a dual core PCF infiltrated with temperature dependent alcohol mixture. In addition, two gold nanorods are mounted vertically at the inner surface of the central PCF hole that is infiltrated with the studied analyte. Through the proposed biosensor, both analyte refractive index (RI) and temperature can be detected. The geometrical parameters of the reported structure are studied to maximize the sensitivity. Full vectorial finite element method (FVFEM) is utilized throughout the numerical analysis of the reported structures. The reported multi-functional biosensor achieves high temperature sensitivity of 21.05 nm/°c and very high refractive index sensitivity of 34600 nm/RIU. The achieved RI and temperature sensitivities are higher than the recent reported sensors in the same wavelength and temperature ranges. |
11,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Parallel Prefix Adders Based on FPGA & ASIC Implementations, and key words: Digital signal processors, Very large scale integration, Tools, Delays, Power dissipation, Adders, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Two operand addition is an indispensable operation in almost every embedded system and DSPs (Digital Signal Processors). It is also considered as basic requisite for other arithmetic operations. However, there is always a trade-off among the speed, area and power dissipation of adders that determines the overall performance of the system. In the addition operation, the carry propagation being one of the performance issues puts a limit on its speed. Consequently, improvement in the speed along with reduction in covered area has been a continuous pursuit in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) system design. Parallel Prefix Adders (PPAs) are the best among the existing adders in terms of the area covered and the delay encountered. Hence, they are preferred choice for high performance adders of larger numbers. In this work, we have compared the FPGA and ASIC implementations of three Parallel Prefix Adders, namely Kogge-Stone, Ladner-Fischer, and Brent-Kung. The Artix-7 FPGA implementation has been done using Xilinx Vivado2018.2 suite, on the other hand, the ASIC implementation has been performed by Cadence Encounter tool. It is found that no single adder is rewarding for all the performance aspects (Power, Delay and Area). Rather, different adder is preferable over the other for different aspect, hence the adder is chosen according to the design requirement. |
11,012 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency of Local Genetic Algorithm in Parallel Processing, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Parallel processing, Cities and towns, Genetic mutations, Control engineering computing, Concurrent computing, Control engineering, Educational institutions, Traveling salesman problems, Computer science. Abstract: This paper discusses a parallel genetic algorithm (GA) which focuses on the local operator for Traveling salesman problem (TSP). The local operator is a simple GA named as Local Genetic Algorithm (LGA). The LGA is combined to another GA named as Global Genetic Algorithm (GGA). It increases the computational time running a GA as a local operator in another one. To solve this problem, we build a parallel system based on our previous works for running the LGA to speed up the process. The results show that LGA improve the search quality significantly and it is more efficient running LGA with parallel system than single CPU. |
11,013 | Please write an abstract with title: The research of adaptive algorithm of smart antenna arrays in the CDMA system, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Adaptive algorithm, Antenna arrays, Multiaccess communication, Phased arrays, Mobile antennas, Mobile communication, Interference, Linear antenna arrays, Frequency. Abstract: With the development of cellular mobile communication, CDMA technologies are making giant steps in commercial wireless markets across the world. The smart antenna in the CDMA cellular mobile communication system can be used to reduce the interference and improve the system performance. This paper gives an overview of some general concepts for smart antennas with focuses on the adaptive algorithm according to the characteristics of mobile users and antenna arrays. |
11,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Strict and Flexible Rule-Based Graph Repairing, and key words: Semantics, Maintenance engineering, Urban areas, Redundancy, Pattern matching, Databases, Knowledge based systems. Abstract: Real-life graph datasets extracted from the Web are inevitably full of incompleteness, conflicts, and redundancies, so graph data cleaning shows its necessity. Although rules like data dependencies have been widely studied in relational data repairing, very few works exist to repair graph data. In this article, we introduce a repairing semantics for graphs, called <i>Graph-Repairing Rules</i> (${\sf GRR}$s). This semantics can capture the incompleteness, conflicts, and redundancies in graphs and indicate how to correct these errors. However, this graph repairing semantics can only repair the graphs strictly isomorphic to the rule patterns, which decreases the utility of the rules. To overcome this shortcoming, we further propose a flexible rule-based graph repairing semantics (called $\delta$<i>-GRR</i>). We study three fundamental problems associated with both ${\sf GRR}$s and $\delta$<i>-GRR</i>s, consistency, implication, and termination, which show whether a given set of rules make sense. Repairing the graph data using ${\sf GRR}$s or $\delta$<i>-GRR</i>s involves a problem of finding isomorphic subgraphs of the graph data, which is NP-complete. To efficiently circumvent the complex calculation of subgraph isomorphism, we design a decomposition-and-join strategy to solve this problem. Extensive experiments on real datasets show that our two graph repairing semantics and corresponding repairing algorithms can effectively and efficiently repair real-life graph data. |
11,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Light emission from Ge/Si self-assembled islands in microcavities, and key words: Microcavities, Photonic crystals, Photoluminescence, Temperature, Hydrogen, Frequency, Resonance, Stimulated emission, Silicon on insulator technology, Probes. Abstract: We have investigated the optical properties of defect-microcavities in two-dimensional photonic crystals by the room temperature photoluminescence of Ge/Si self-assembled islands. Enhanced emission is observed at 300 K in the 1.2 -1.6 /spl mu/m spectral range. |
11,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Process Management for Admission Control to Access Available Resources for Delay Sensitive Service in Fog-to-Cloud Architecture, and key words: Conferences, Admission control, Process control, Collaboration, Computer architecture, Delays, Time factors. Abstract: Resource availability and accessibility in fog-to-cloud computing platforms is vital to facilitate delay-critical services. Cloud and fog collaborations for resource sharing can help to meet the service level time-critical requirements by making the available resources accessible. In this paper process management scheme is proposed for secure storage access considering a fog-to-cloud architecture. Failure criteria and service request arrival control are described. The results demonstrate the suitability of the process management scheme to be integrated to the fog-to-cloud architecture. |
11,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Tunneling through multi-layer gate dielectrics - an analytical model, and key words: Tunneling, Dielectrics, Analytical models, Leakage current, Semiconductor device modeling, Electrons, Frequency, Voltage, Predictive models, CMOS integrated circuits. Abstract: We propose an analytical direct-tunneling model for multilayer gate dielectrics. This model predicts the amount of gate leakage current as a function of equivalent oxide thickness of the gate dielectric stack and the composition of the stack. This simple model is a useful tool in the development of future CMOS gate dielectric stacks. |
11,018 | Please write an abstract with title: An Open-Source Co-processor for Solving Lotka-Volterra Equations, and key words: Costs, Performance gain, Parallel processing, Ordinary differential equations, Routing, Mathematical models, Software. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a hardware ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver based on the open-source RISC-V instruction set architecture. Specifically, we target the Lotka-Volterra system of equations and build reconfigurable coprocessors implementing the Euler and Runge-Kutta numerical methods of solving ODEs. We develop a range of co-processor configurations with varying degrees of parallelism and resource utilization, as well as a set of domain-specific customized instructions. In addition to simulating our designs, we also deploy them on re-configurable hardware and perform power estimations. The performance of our co-processor is compared with the performance of the numerical methods running on a 64-bit single-core general purpose microprocessor. We establish that, in the best case, our co-processor attains 4. 8x performance, at the cost of merely 13.3% more hardware resources and 8.1% additional power dissipation. |
11,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Networked Improvement Communities as Tools for Teacher Empowerment, and key words: Computer science, Education, Collaboration, Tools. Abstract: Research literature has documented how computer science (CS) teachers are often isolated in their schools and are less likely to collaborate as compared to other subject area teachers. This parallels an emerging body of literature around how teachers leverage professional development opportunities to engage in their practice. However, limited research has empirically studied how professional development opportunities lead to increases in teacher empowerment and spur broadening participation in CS efforts. In this study, we report on a networked improvement community (NIC) focused on connecting CS teachers to their peers, national experts, professional development providers, and researchers to impact teaching practices and guide implementation of policies that lead to increased female participation in CS courses. We report on the role of the NIC to support teachers as school and community change agents. Drawing from focus groups with participating teachers (n=20), we report on a two-year process of learning that involved identifying root causes for female underrepresentation and conducting teacher-led interventions within their classrooms and schools. We detail how a NIC offers a novel approach to facilitate collaboration and empower teachers to implement changes that can impact girls in computer science. Initial data indicate that the collaborative nature of the NIC and its teacher-directed approach to change led to a newfound sense of ownership and empowerment in NIC teachers for addressing the challenge of increasing female participation in CS. |
11,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Decoupling Control for DC Electric Spring-Based Unbalanced Voltage Suppression in a Bipolar DC Distribution System, and key words: Voltage control, Load modeling, Rectifiers, Control systems, Springs, Couplings, Power transmission. Abstract: The use of bipolar direct current (dc) distribution systems introduces the possibility of unbalanced voltage (current). This situation increases the voltage deviations and power losses at each node owing to the presence of a neutral line current. This article proposes a method that mitigates the unbalanced voltage caused by constant power loads (CPLs) by dc electric springs (DC–ESs). A linearized model is used in the small-signal analysis of CPLs. On this basis, the coupling relationship between positive and negative pole voltages is analyzed. After DC–ESs are introduced, the positive and negative pole voltages and DC–ES output voltages are found to be closely related, thereby increasing the complexity of the control system. Therefore, a feedforward decoupling control block diagram is introduced on the basis of the small-signal model analysis of DC–ESs in a single node of the bipolar dc system. The control system is simplified, and different control loops can be independently controlled. Thus, the rapidity and anti-interference performance of the control system are greatly enhanced. Simulation and experimental results of the unbalanced voltage suppression in the bipolar dc system are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. |
11,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Superconducting Resistive-FCL on MMC-HVDC Fault, and key words: Superconducting films, Software packages, HVDC transmission, Superconducting transmission lines, Wounds, Conductors, Reliability. Abstract: To meet with the growing demand for energy, Renewable energy transmission is feasible with Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). Although, the chances of short-circuit fault in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems is prevalent. This large fault current could endanger the electrical integrity of the system leading to overheating and collapse of the grid. Considering the high cost of the system equipment, in addition to ensuring power reliability, it is obligatory to minimize the harmful effects of the fault current. Therefore, a Superconducting Resistive-Fault Current Limiter (RFCL) will be placed on the DC side of an MMC model to achieve a suppression rate of about 30-50% of the fault current. This limiter has quick response to fault, however, the AC loss associated with its conductor could be relatively high. For economic reasons, its conductors are made of YBCO and then wound facing each other with polyimide tapes to alter the electromagnetic field and promote the utilization efficiency of the limiter. For this report, we aim to analyse the electrical properties of the superconducting RFCL during fault. The modelling of the superconducting RFCL will be done on MATLAB Simulink and then installed on a dynamic MMC-HVDC network for result validation. |
11,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Prenormalization rounding in IEEE floating-point operations using a flagged prefix adder, and key words: Adders, Signal generators, Floating-point arithmetic, Logic design, Circuits, Added delay, Multiplexing, Acceleration. Abstract: This paper demonstrates how IEEE 754 floating-point standard compliant rounding can be merged with carry-propagate addition in floating-point unit (FPU) designs by using a novel adaptation of the prefix adder. The paper considers add/subtract, multiply, and SRT divide operations and demonstrates that in every case a generic rounding architecture based on a prefix adder with a small amount of additional logic is sufficient to cover all the rounding modes. Critical path analysis shows that the proposed architecture is compatible with contemporary pipelined FPU design practice, while using significantly less logic |
11,023 | Please write an abstract with title: Angela Marafino, and key words: Computer security, Engineering profession, Oral communication, Leadership, Collaboration, Task analysis, Software. Abstract: This chapter discusses the personal and professional life of “Angela Marafino,” who is an associate consultant engineer on CDW's InfoSec team. It states that Angela has the CompTIA Security+ and Network+ certifications and holds two bachelor's degrees, one in fine arts and another in pre‐law. |
11,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Emergent process design, and key words: Process design, Programming, Software development management, Project management, Research and development management, Technology management, Costs, Engineering management, Software safety, Coordinate measuring machines. Abstract: The typical situation in software developing organizations can be characterized by two extremes: in some organizations or organizational units, software development processes are partly defined, whereas in organizations or organizational units where the processses are well defined, these processes are usually only valid at the project start. For design of a process that is able to fulfil the requirements, the author proposes an emergent process design (EPD) approach. The EPD approach guides the extraction and the adaptation of a project-specific process. This is done as follows. Initially, the project-specific process frame is extracted by tailoring one of the process variants provided in a process line. The first development is based on the tailored process frame. For further development iterations or projects that are to utilize this frame, the frame is adapted and refined to the project-specific process based on the logs of the performed tasks in the previous process iteration. In order to insure the desired quality of the final product, the project-specific process becomes more stringent over the course of the project. |
11,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Dimensional Global Task Coordinate Frame based Contouring Control, and key words: Robust control, Industries, Adaptation models, Mechatronics, Shape, Simulation, Machining. Abstract: Contouring motion control is a critical issue for multi-axis machining in modern industry. This paper presents a three-dimensional global task coordinate frame (3D-GTCF) based contouring control method. Compared to the existed GTCF, which can only be used for 2-D contouring tasks, the proposed task coordinate frame is designed for the 3-D curve. By integrating a numerical method to calculate the contouring error and the corresponding transformation matrix, the pro-posed approach is able to tackle complex free-form contouring following tasks without their explicit analytical expressions. It’s noted that the construction of the proposed 3-D task coordinates is only determined by the geometric shape of the desired contour, and is not relevant to the desired motion on the contour. Then a direct/indirect adaptive robust controller is adopted to realize contour control in the task space. Simulation results under different contouring tasks validate the effectiveness of the proposed 3D-GTCF based contour control approach. |
11,026 | Please write an abstract with title: ASD Detection using Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension from EEG, and key words: Autism, Brain, Electric potential, Psychology, Electroencephalography, Fractals, Complexity theory. Abstract: Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior as well as social communication and interaction impairments. Nowadays ASD is a great concern worldwide and its detection is an important issue for the better treatment. As ASD is neurodevelopmental disorder, brain signals play, especially electroencephalography (EEG), is shown potential sources for ASD detection. There are different approaches for ASD detection with processing and/or transforming EEG signals. This study investigated ASD detection employing fractal dimension measure on EEG data. Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension (HFD) is measured in resting-state eyes-closed EEG recording of 25 subjects. It is identified that HFD is sensitive to the brain activity and ASD detection is possible from HFD values. |
11,027 | Please write an abstract with title: The digital adaptive control of a linear process modulated by random noise, and key words: Adaptive control, Digital modulation, Digital control, Signal processing, Additive noise, State estimation, Programmable control, Design optimization, Testing, Statistical analysis. Abstract: A procedure for the design of a digital controller to compensate a certain class of linear time-varying processes is presented. The process time variation may be rapid compared to the input signals and is assumed to be caused by modulation of a plant with known parameters by a number of correlated random disturbances. Correlated additive noise may also be present. Plant identification is performed using state variable estimation techniques, while correlation of the random disturbances allows future plant behavior to be predicted. The adaptive controller is designed to optimize the predicted plant behavior over the near future, with controller redesign taking place as new information becomes available from the estimator. Test signals are not required if the plant statistics are known. |
11,028 | Please write an abstract with title: On communication over an entanglement-assisted quantum channel, and key words: Quantum entanglement, Protocols, Quantum mechanics, Computer science, Mathematics, Quantum computing, Random variables, Complexity theory, Computational complexity. Abstract: Shared entanglement is a resource available to parties communicating over a quantum channel, much akin to public coins in classical communication protocols: the two parties may be given some number of quantum bits jointly prepared in a fixed superposition, prior to communicating with each other. The quantum channel is then said to be "entanglement-assisted." Shared randomness does not help in the transmission of information from one party to another. Moreover, it does not significantly reduce the classical complexity of computing functions vis-a-vis private-coin protocols. On the other hand, prior entanglement leads to startling phenomena such as "quantum teleportation" and "superdense coding." The problem of characterising the power of prior entanglement has baffled many researchers, especially in the setting of bounded-error protocols. It is open whether it leads to more than a factor of two savings (using superdense coding) or more than an additive O(log) savings (when used to create shared randomness). Few lower bounds are known for communication problems in this setting, and are all derived using sophisticated information theoretic techniques. In this paper, we focus on the most basic problem in the setting of communication over an entanglement-assisted quantum channel, that of communicating classical bits from one party to another. We derive optimal bounds on the number of quantum bits required for this task, for any given probability of error. |
11,029 | Please write an abstract with title: Personalized news through content augmentation and profiling, and key words: Internet, Weather forecasting, Cable TV, TV broadcasting, Data mining, Assembly, Text analysis, Collaborative work, Bandwidth, DSL. Abstract: This paper is concerned with the topic of personalized news assembly at the set-top box, based on augmented video. This is video complemented with additional information that is somehow relevant to the semantic video content. We touch upon the technique that is used for video augmentation, which is video subject detection followed by information searches on the subject. The focus of this paper is on subject detection implemented using traditional text analysis tools; video segmentation is based on these results and visual processing. We describe the architecture of such a system and the benefits to the consumer. Further we discuss a preliminary system that shows the viability of the concept. |
11,030 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Deep Neural Networks for ICD Coding, and key words: Encoding, Codes, Diseases, Neural networks, Deep learning, Medical diagnostic imaging, Taxonomy. Abstract: The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a standard for categorizing physical conditions, which has been widely used for analyzing clinical data and monitoring health issues. Manual ICD coding takes a long time and is vulnerable to errors, so researchers pay more and more attention to the application of deep neural networks in ICD automatic coding. However, there is still no comprehensive review of these studies and prospects for further research. This paper is not limited to the study of deep neural networks, but gives a formal definition of ICD coding problems, and then systematically reviews the existing literature on how to design deep neural networks to address the four major challenges of ICD coding tasks. This paper also summarizes the public data sets and future research directions, to provide guidance for the research of ICD coding in medical field. |
11,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of TDC in Engine by Microwave Technique, and key words: Microwave measurements, Microwave theory and techniques, Pistons, Engine cylinders, Probes, Diesel engines, Pressure measurement, Position measurement, Thermodynamics, Timing. Abstract: A microwave technique for determining the top dead center (TDC) of an engine has been developed. Factors affecting systematic errors were investigated experimentally using high-resolution pulses (0.015°) and a uniquely designed probe. Consideration is made for cycle change of the cylinder wall temperature. The main factors are attributable to the thermal expansion of the cylinder and the cylinder pressure change. Under well-defined engine conditions, accuracy of +-0.1° CA (crank angle) is probable for TDC measurement. A static method was also employed for an accuracy cross-check. |
11,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Assured CNN-Based Model for Reconstruction of Medical Images on the Internet of Healthcare Things, and key words: Magnetic resonance, Medical diagnostic imaging, Medical services, Security, Internet, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Medical Imaging is the most significant technique that constitutes information needed to diagnose and make the right decisions for treatment. These images suffer from inadequate contrast and noise that occurs during image acquisition. Thus, denoising and contrast enhancement is crucial in increasing the visual quality of the images for obtaining quantitative measures. In this research, an innovative and improvised denoising technique is implemented that applies a sparse aware with convolution neural network (SA_CNN) for investigating various medical modalities. To evaluate and validate, the convolution neural network utilizes patch creation and dictionary methods for obtaining information. The proposed framework is predominant to other current approaches by employing image assessment quantitative measures like peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and mean squared error (MSE). The study also optimizes the computational time to achieve increased efficiency and better visual quality of the image. Furthermore, the widespread use of the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) helps to provide security with vault and challenge schemes between IoT devices and servers. |
11,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Music Generation: Comparing LSTM and GRU, and key words: Deep learning, Measurement, Recurrent neural networks, Computational modeling, Music, Computer architecture, Market research. Abstract: Music has been a universal and essential component of ancient human civilizations throughout the world. Its origin is unclear and transcends our oldest records, but its importance remains preserved to date. The abstract and enchanting nature of music has attracted many brilliant minds throughout history and continues to do so even today. The idea of creating music without human intervention is not new, and time has witnessed many gifted individuals partaking in the fulfilment of this goal. The contemporary seeker has something the others lacked, technical advancements and knowledge. With the advent of AI, it was only natural that man used this tool to try and achieve this long-sought desire. With the growing advancements in deep learning and its success in tackling the most complex problems, it is proving itself as the closest solution to the realization of this goal. This paper explores the rich history and the implications of automatic music generation in the present-day world. It also conducts a comparison between the music generated by the implementation of two different deep learning techniques, the LSTM and GRU architectures. |
11,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Real time In-Situ Quality Monitoring of Grinding Process using Microtechnology based Sensor Fusion, and key words: Coils, Optical fibers, Monitoring, Sensor fusion, Optical fiber sensors. Abstract: An innovative approach of non-destructive detection of grinding burn is developed using sensor fusion of an optical sensor and a miniaturized eddy-current sensor, which is realized with a 2D microfabricated planar micro-coil. Additionally, an in-situ cloud-compatible system is proposed for the real-time predictive and preventive monitoring of the workpiece burn in cylindrical grinding process of a hardened 42CrMo4 steel. A reference workpiece, ground with different grinding burn levels, was investigated with the two sensors. The test results show a comprehensive correlation between the process input parameters and the degree of grinding burn on one hand, and the light reflection intensity and impedance response of the micro-coil on the other hand. The test outputs on the reference workpiece are further used for the training of the cloud monitoring system. |
11,035 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of the Voltage Coefficients of the Six-Switch AC/AC Converter Based on Static Utilization Factor, and key words: Switches, Modulation, Frequency modulation, Capacitors, Topology, Pulse width modulation, Legged locomotion. Abstract: The six-switch AC/AC converter (SSC) is a suitable replacement of the back-to-back converter (B2B) for low-voltage and low-power usages. Its benefits include an increase in reliability due to its reduced number of switches, at cost of an increased DC bus voltage. An important step of the SSC implementation is the design of the DC voltage distribution ratio across the three DC bus sections in this converter, although it is not clear in the literature the freedom for setting these values, denominated voltage coefficients, nor the way to improve the DC bus utilization with fixed offset values. This paper presents some guidelines to establish DC bus voltage coefficients and introduces a new method to improve the DC bus utilization. Simulation results show that this new method has similar performance compared to the most used method in literature, and allows a reduction of the needed DC bus voltage according to the static voltage utilization factor. |
11,036 | Please write an abstract with title: The Dynamic Effect of Gearbox Parameters for Physical Human-robot Interaction Performance, and key words: Torque, Torque control, Human-robot interaction, Transfer functions, Drives, Numerical simulation, Safety. Abstract: The Physical Human-Robot Interaction (PHRI) can significantly improve working efficiency. How to make robots and humans interact safely and efficiently is an important research direction in advanced robotics. Cooperative robots are often one of the prominent carriers of PHRI due to their small size, lightweight, and exemplary safety. Modular joints are the critical components of collaborative robots. The high forward and backward drive capability of modular joints is the premise of PHRI. However, due to the high integration of modular joints, it is challenging to select components such as motors and gearboxes at the same time to meet the requirements of high forward and backward drive. This article aims to discuss the influence of gearbox parameters on PHRI. The dynamic model of modular joints is established. Based on this model, the influence of the transmission ratio on forward and backward driving performance is discussed. The influence of gearbox stiffness when the robot interacts with different environments is also discussed. All discussions have been verified by simulation. |
11,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Timing Recovery in the Presence of a Residual Echo Signal, and key words: Timing, Echo cancellers, Central office, DSL, Degradation, Bandwidth, Signal processing, Delay, Wire, Additive noise. Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of symbol timing recovery at the subscriber end of a full duplex two wire digital subscriber loop employing echo cancellation. Both nondecision-aided and decisionaided synchronization are considered. It is demonstrated that the presence of a residual echo signal can substantially degrade the synchronizer performance. This degradation is shown to be larger for nondecisionaided synchronizers than for decision-aided synchronizers. The smaller the synchronizer bandwidth and the signal-to-echo ratio, the more the decision-aided synchronizer outperforms the nondecision-aided synchronizer. |
11,038 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D spatial analysis of fMRI data: a comparison of ICA and GLM analysis on a word perception task, and key words: Data analysis, Independent component analysis, Source separation, Humans, Blind source separation, Speech, Testing, Bioinformatics, Biophysics, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: We discuss a comparative 3D spatial analysis of fMRI data taken during a combined word perception and motor task. We show that a classical GLM analysis using SPM does not yield reasonable results. Only with BSS techniques using the fastICA algorithm can we get meaningful and interesting results. The event-based experiment was part of a study to investigate the network of neurons involved in the perception of speech and the decoding of auditory speech stimuli. Corresponding to 4 different stimuli different independent components (IC) could be identified in the auditory cortex and, most interesting, an IC representing a network of 3 simultaneously active areas in the inferior frontal gyrus could be detected. |
11,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust features tracking for robotic applications: towards 2 1/2 D visual servoing with natural images, and key words: Robustness, Visual servoing, Feature extraction, Image reconstruction, Robot vision systems, Cameras, Mobile robots, Machine vision, Robust control, Working environment noise. Abstract: This paper deals with the robust tracking of features extracted from a sequence of images taken with an uncalibrated camera mounted on a mobile robot. Unlike most vision systems, the 3D structure of the observed objects is completely unknown. Thus, position-based visual servoing cannot be used. Similarly, one must be careful when using image-based visual servoing since the depths of the features are unknown. On the other hand, 2 1/2 D visual servoing can easily deal with unknown environments since it is only based on projective reconstruction. In order to obtain a good projective reconstruction for a safe vision-based control, we propose a multi-scale real-time approach to extract robust features. Experiments show that our algorithm can be used in robotics applications when images are noisy and uncontrolled perturbations can break the continuity of the robot motion. |
11,040 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and evaluation of charge balancing circuits on performance, reliability and lifetime of supercapacitor systems, and key words: Performance analysis, Circuits, Supercapacitors, Voltage, Temperature, Capacitance, Aging, Power system reliability, Biomedical electrodes, Energy storage. Abstract: Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electric double layer capacitors (ELDC), are electrical energy storage devices, which offer high power density, extremely high cycling capability and mechanical robustness. Due to their electrical performance, supercapacitors have a high potential to be used in industrial applications. To improve the performance, reliability and lifetime of these capacitors, charge balancing circuits are employed. In this paper, different equalization concepts are analyzed and evaluated. In addition, a simulation approach for the design of supercapacitor systems is proposed. As an example, results from an automotive application are presented. |
11,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Calculation Method of Lightning Fault Rate of Overhead Lines of Ungrounded Neutral Point System Based on Characteristics of Lines and Line Lightning Corridors, and key words: Geometry, Sensitivity, Power transmission lines, Image processing, Wires, Lightning, Lightning protection. Abstract: In view of the lack of accurate lightning trip out rate calculation method for overhead lines with ungrounded neutral points, this paper comprehensively considers the lightning protection configuration of transmission lines and the actual lightning activity parameters in the line corridor to carry out theoretical analysis, simulation calculation and scheme research. Firstly, based on the line account information and lightning location system monitoring data, based on the electrical geometry model to determine the impact of lightning on the line, an accurate calculation method of lightning trip out rate is proposed, and the method is used to calculate and verify the lightning trip out rate of a neutral point ungrounded line in a certain area. The results show that the lightning trip out rate calculation method can accurately calculate the lightning trip out rate of the line and the line corridor after considering the lightning characteristics of the line and the line corridor. |
11,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Supply chain risk management modelling: A systematic literature network analysis review, and key words: supply chain risk management, quantitative model, computer model, systematic literature review, citation network analysis. Abstract: The modelling of supply chain risk management (SCRM) has attracted increasing attention from researchers and professionals. However, a systematic network analysis of the literature to understand the development of research over time is lacking. Therefore, this study reviews SCRM modelling and its evolution as a scientific field. We collected 566 papers published in the Scopus database and shortlisted 120 for review. We have analysed the field's performance, mapped the most influential studies, as well as the generative and evolutionary research areas, and derived future research directions. Using bibliometric methods and tools for citation network analysis to understand the field's dynamic development, we find that five generative research areas provide the fundamental knowledge for four evolutionary research areas. The interpretation of gaps and trends in these areas provides an SCRM modelling timeline with 14 future research directions, which should consider adopting a holistic SCRM approach and developing prescriptive and normative risk models. The holistic approach enables more research on key factors—like process integration, design, information risk, visibility and risk coordination—that directly impact industry, decision-makers and sustainability needs. Risk models with evolved prescriptive and normative typology should respect both business model strategies and actual supply chain performance. |
11,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Sensors and Computer Devices for Agriculture, Food Production Process Control and Medicine, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Protocols, Zigbee, Process control, Agriculture, Peer-to-peer computing. Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are based on the wireless sensor networks (WSN), which include smart sensors and computer devices for monitoring and controlling processes in industry, agriculture, medicine, etc. In the networks, the sensed data are converted to the digital value of plants' state, medical parameters of human, concentrations of matters in food products, such as juice, water, and so on. In the Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, there were designed and launched to the market the wireless smart sensor networks for agriculture, food industry and medicine application. There are ZigBee and Bluetooth compatible networks with different architectures: peer-to-peer (with mobile phone), star, and multihop tree-like networks. The main units of the designed sensor networks are patented wireless smart sensors for determination of the photosynthesis intensity in the plants, the concentrations of different matters in water or juice, and for measuring and monitoring medical parameters of human in real time. The features of design and application of different wireless networks of smart sensors and edge nodes are presented in the paper. The main contribution of this paper is the designing and fast-prototyping of WSN according to the requirements of application of WSN in beverage manufacturing with using two wireless protocols simultaneously for customer convenience. |
11,044 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved load management based on resources reservation in distributed embedded systems, and key words: Load management, Embedded system, Real time systems, Embedded computing, Delay, Measurement standards, Computer science, Optimization, Centralized control, Prototypes. Abstract: Load balancing strategy has been founded and applied widely as an effective measure of performance optimization for most conventional distributed systems. However, for the sake of distributed embedded system's inherent properties, especially for real-time property, load balancing strategy may not be desirable. On consideration of those properties, an improved load management scheme is presented based on a new way of resource reservation, which has considerable enhancements in satisfying real-time requirements. First, the conception of satisfaction to real-time requirement of incoming task is introduced in a new aspect. Then the implementation of resource reservation is narrated in detail. Under this concept of load management, the new incoming tasks are allocated to the most heavily loaded node, if only the service node can provide real-time satisfaction. Thus, a great amount of calculating resources is reserved for those tasks that require almost full resource of a service node. In addition, a central control model based on this improved load management is introduced into application and implement in building up a prototype system according to this model. During this simulation, the new load management strategy based on resource reservation shows great advantage according to real-time criteria against load balancing. The conclusion comes into being that the resource reservation strategy arising in the paper benefits from a distributed embedded system with high real-time requirements. |
11,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural-Networks Control for Hover to High-Speed-Level-Flight Transition of Ducted Fan UAV With Provable Stability, and key words: Fans, Artificial neural networks, Aerodynamics, Aircraft, Aerospace control, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Atmospheric modeling. Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the transition control of a ducted fan vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To achieve a steady transition from hover to high-speed flight, a neural-networks-based controller is proposed to learn the system dynamics and compensate for the tracking error between the aircraft dynamics and the desired dynamic performance. In prior, we derive the nonlinear system model of the aircraft full-envelope dynamics. Then, we propose a novel neural-networks-based control scheme and apply it on the underactuated aircraft system. Key features of the proposed controller consist of projection operator, state predictor and dynamic-formed adaptive input. It is proved and guaranteed that the tracking errors of both state predictor and neural-networks weights are upper bounded during the whole neural-networks learning procedure. The very adaptive input is formed into a dynamic structure that helps achieve a reliable fast convergence performance of the proposed controller, especially in high-frequency disturbance conditions. Consequently, the closed-loop system of the aircraft is able to track a certain trajectory with desired dynamic performance. Satisfactory results are obtained from both simulations and practical flight test in accomplishing the designed flight course. |
11,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Splitter Placement Problem on Directed Fiber Trees, and key words: Computer science, All-optical networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, Wavelength routing, Laboratories, Bandwidth, Optical fiber networks, Tree graphs, Topology, Wavelength assignment. Abstract: Wavelength division multiplexing technique can greatly increase the bandwidth of all-optical networks without the reconstruction of physical infrastructure. Optical power splitters can reduce the number of required wavelengths for multicast requests by dividing the incoming optical signal into multiple outcoming signals with equal optical power. This paper considered the problem of how to reduce the number of splitters on a directed fiber tree and not to decrease the quality of service too much, compared against the case that each node on the tree is equipped with one splitter. The proposed splitter placing strategy showed satisfying performance in the experiments. |
11,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Agile Multi- Targeting Spacecraft Control Via Backstepping-Sliding mode Approach, and key words: Space vehicles, Satellites, Mathematical model, Modulation, Backstepping, Space missions, Earth. Abstract: Rapid multi-targeting attitude maneuver problem of agile small satellite has become a focus in recent years. Although the type, numbers, and configuration of actuators play an important role in the performance of attitude control system, importance of controller algorithm is not less. In this paper, we design a backstepping-sliding mode controller for a micro spacecraft equiped by 6 Pulse-Width Pulse-Modulation (PWPF) thrusters to achieve rapid maneuverability. Authors used the ideal backstepping method as the benchmark due to its ability to perform high pointing accuracy and robustness. Then the performance of the designed backstepping-sliding mode controller has been compared by ideal backstepping ones in both (i) smooth and (ii) sudden maneuvers case. Analysis of the simulation results proves the high pointing accuracy, great robustness, and rapid time response of backstepping-sliding mode controller to deal with rapid sudden maneuvers. |
11,048 | Please write an abstract with title: The amplidyne generator—its performance and design, and key words: Generators, Voltage control, Brushes, Windings, Resistance, Armature, Voltage measurement. Abstract: The paper commences with a brief discussion on the desirability for high amplification and a low time-constant in control apparatus. Then the cross-field principle of operation of the amplidyne, its steady-state operation on D.C. and the effect of varying the compensation of the output stage are briefly analyzed. Both the transient response and the response to a.c. signals of the perfectly compensated machine are treated, as is the a.c. response of the imperfectly compensated generator. The effects of rocking the brushes and of chording the armature windings are briefly noted. Two types of stator construction are shown and discussed. |
11,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrate-and-fire model for electrically stimulated nerve cell, and key words: Neurons, Electrodes, Extracellular, Biomembranes, Switches, Mathematical model, Displays, Nerve fibers, Circuits, Cells (biology). Abstract: A commonly used simple spiking cell model is modified for extracellular current activation. It is proposed to simplify the simulation of a myelinated fiber nerve cell at the electrode-tissue interface by substituting for the activation site(s) identified with a more complex neuron model. |
11,050 | Please write an abstract with title: A Computationally Effective Method for Iron Loss Estimation in a Synchronous Machine from a Static Field Solution, and key words: Iron, Computational modeling, Mathematical model, Synchronous machines, Magnetic domains, Magnetic cores, Eddy currents. Abstract: In this paper, a computationally effective iron loss calculation method for synchronous machines is presented. The method is based on a single static 2D finite element field solution in the machine cross-section, which makes it much faster than the one based on the time-stepping solution. The developed method is applied to a salient pole synchronous machine, and the computational accuracy is validated against the time-stepping method. The proposed iron losses computation method showed a fair accuracy and a considerable speed-up of the computations. It can be an excellent alternative for the iron losses estimation in the optimization procedure of synchronous machines, where a considerable amount of finite element solutions needs to be carried out. Besides the losses comparison, local reconstruction of the time dependency of other quantities such as the magnetic vector potential and the magnetic flux density is reported for a better understanding of the method. |
11,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Robust Day-Ahead Optimal Dispatch of Distribution Network Considering the Electric Vehicle, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Costs, Uncertainty, Distribution networks, Optimal scheduling, Electric vehicles, Robustness. Abstract: With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), the number of EVs has surged. Connecting EVs to distribution network to participate in dispatch has become an effective way to reduce the negative impact of EVs on the grid. For this reason, aiming at the uncertainty of the renewable energy considering EVs’ dual characteristics of the source and load, a data-driven two-stage robust optimization model of distribution network is built to find the economically optimal solution. The model uses norm constraints of the uncertainty probability distribution confidence set and flexibly adjusts the conservatism of the model through confidence level. The objective function of minimum cost is established, and the model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming model and the model is iterated to obtain the optimal solution through the column-and-constraint generation algorithm. The simulation results showed that EVs can effectively reduce the distribution network daily operation cost. The operation cost in the randomly charging mode is higher than that in the orderly charging mode. In addition, the confidence level can flexibly adjust the conservatism of the model, and with the increase of confidence level, the robustness of the model is enhanced. |
11,052 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time. In-circuit Temperature Sensing of an X-Band GaN Power Amplifier, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Power amplifiers, Logic gates, Real-time systems, Sensors, Gallium nitride. Abstract: A 10-watt X-band GaN power amplifier has been designed as a testbed to study amplifier temperature under a variety of biases and input drive levels using gate-resistance thermometry. Real-time, in-circuit temperature sensing is demonstrated and discussed for a range of biases and input levels. |
11,053 | Please write an abstract with title: A decentralized model reference adaptive variable structure controller for large-scale time-varying delay systems, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Large-scale systems, Time varying systems, Delay systems, Upper bound, Lyapunov method, Sliding mode control, Robust control, Robust stability. Abstract: In this note, the problem of decentralized model reference adaptive variable structure control for a class of perturbed large-scale systems with varying time-delay interconnections is investigated. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive variable structure control strategy for solving the robust tracking problem without the knowledge of upper bound of perturbations is developed. The use of adaptive technique is to adapt the unknown upper bound of perturbations so that the objective of globally asymptotical stability is achieved. Once the system enters the sliding manifold, the dynamics of controlled systems are insensitive to matching perturbations. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme. |
11,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Picosecond, 60 kW peak power, Yb fibre source, and key words: Pulse amplifiers, Fiber lasers, Optical fiber polarization, Ultrafast optics, Ring lasers, Bandwidth, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical pulses, Laser modes, Pump lasers. Abstract: A novel, 2 ps fibre laser operating in Yb-wavelength range with 60 kW peak and 9 W average powers is demonstrated. Pulses from a self-starting, ring-fibre-cavity Yb oscillator with spectral gain/pulse-duration control were amplified in 1.4 m-long, Yb-doped fiber. |
11,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Tracking Active Disturbance Rejection Control of the Unmanned Helicopter and Its Parameters Tuning, and key words: Helicopters, Control systems, Trajectory tracking, Uncertainty, Observers, Robust control, Mathematical model. Abstract: To solve the problem that the trajectory tracking control system of the unmanned helicopter is limited by the accuracy of the physical model (parameters and dynamic characteristics) and external disturbance of the unmanned helicopter, this paper designs a trajectory tracking control system of the unmanned helicopter based on the linear/nonlinear hybrid Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). At the same time, this paper proposes a method for tuning the controller parameters based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization-Flower Pollination Algorithm (BFO-FPA). Finally, the simulation test of spiral climb and “8”-figure climb is applied to verify the controller's performance. The results show that the controller proposed in this paper can effectively overcome the influence of the unmanned helicopter's internal and external disturbance, and the controller has the advantages of strong anti- disturbance ability and strong robustness. Simultaneously, the optimization algorithm can obtain the optimal global solution, and can improve the controller's performance. |
11,056 | Please write an abstract with title: A comparison study on the dynamic control of OpenMANIPULATOR-X by PD with gravity compensation tuned by oscillation damping based on the phase-trajectory-length concept, and key words: Damping, Systematics, Stability criteria, Kinematics, Mathematical models, Trajectory, PD control. Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic control of a 4-DOF serial manipulator, the so-called OpenMANIPULATOR-x, is investigated by means of different performance indices, including, among others, oscillation damping. To do so, the kinematics and dynamics equations are obtained from a systematic approach where both models are verified by simulating the under study robot in Simscape. The stability of the applied controller, which is a PD with gravity compensation controller, is investigated, and it reveals that it is asymptotically stable. Thereafter, the coefficient of the latter PD controller is first optimized by means of different performance indices, namely, IAE, ISE, ITAE, ITSE then, a new criterion called oscillation damping, which is based on the optimization of a cost function defined on the phase trajectory length concept is used in order to evaluate the performance of the implemented controller. The obtained results revealed that the step response of the oscillation damping controller eliminates the overshoot, but it is slower than ones tuned by other performance indices. |
11,057 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of bias voltage on the measurement of local barrier height, and key words: Voltage measurement, Equations, Atomic measurements, Materials science and technology, Nanoscale devices, Microscopy, Nanostructures, Current measurement. Abstract: In this paper a relation among tunnel current, bias voltage and tip-specimen separation is examined based on Simmons' formula under constant LBH assumption. It has the been shown that to understand the effect of bias voltage on LBH, measurement has to be carried out under constant tip-specimen separation, not under constant tunnel current as normally used. Measuring local barrier height with STM is a very powerful way of investigating surface potential of nano- or atomic structure. |
11,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Intelligent approaches in Micro aneurysms Detection, and key words: Retinopathy, Image processing, Blood vessels, Retina, Diabetes, Informatics, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading eye disease in the present medical field that damages retina blood vessels due to the high blood sugars and those who are having this kind of diseases loss their eye visions slowly and it leads to blindness. Some new abnormal blood vessels can grow on the retina that can affect the vision. Diabetic retinopathy causes vision loss in people with various age group from 20 to 64 and above. In diabetic retinopathy the initial clinical sign is microaneurysm. Microaneurysms can be detected accurately using image processing along with deep learning mechanisms. This paper focuses on various studies on the detection of microaneurysms. It also brief various methods to detect microaneurysms and also the comparative analysis of microaneurysms detection on different methods and finally summarized the various classifiers. |
11,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Portfolio analysis applied to small hydroelectric plant investment, and key words: Portfolios, Investments, Power generation economics, Costs, Uncertainty, Environmental economics, Power generation, Finance, Risk analysis, Stock markets. Abstract: The "Portfolio Theory" has been largely employed on stock markets, aiming to improve the relation between risk and return. The new model just implanted in the Brazilian electrical system allows more chances to entrepreneurs through the participation as agents on power generation. The construction of small hydroelectric power plants (SHP) have been incentived. The decision concerning investment options has been based on standard economic analysis, e.g. "Net Present Value"-NPV. This paper proposes a probabilistic methodology, accounted uncertainties of economical and climate orders, applied to five SHP in the state of Bahia, in Brazil. These are analyzed, firstly with standard techniques. From, the four SHP considered viable will constitute our examples for the application of Portfolio Theory techniques, and the best option is identified using the "efficient frontier" developed by Markowitz, and some correlations coefficients are used. |
11,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of wide band gap enhancement capping layer on MSM-PDs, and key words: Wideband, Schottky barriers, Photonic band gap, Gallium arsenide, Buffer layers, Dark current, Absorption, Gold, Optical buffering, Photodetectors. Abstract: The effect of the wide bandgap Schottky barrier enhancement-capping layer on the performance of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) is presented. We also measured the relationship between the photoresponsivity and difference photon wavelength. |
11,061 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Beamforming and Data Stream Allocation Algorithms for Power Minimization in Multi-User Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems, and key words: Array signal processing, Radio frequency, Millimeter wave technology, Resource management, OFDM, Millimeter wave communication, Baseband. Abstract: A hybrid beamforming structure is suggested as one of the solutions to reduce implementation costs and energy consumption in millimeter-wave massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this study, an optimization problem of resource allocation was formulated to minimize the total system transmission power on downlink under a certain quality-of-service (QoS), such as bit/block error rates and data rates for each user, and the solution was proposed therein. Our proposed stream incremental algorithm can dynamically adjust the number of data streams for each user according to the channel state information. Precoding and combining schemes need to be developed to solve the formulated problem and also are proposed in this paper to be paired up with the stream incremental algorithm. Our proposed algorithms consider the practical modulation and coding scheme for transmission in various data stream allocation and beamforming designs. The proposed algorithms provide beamforming solutions for millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems, which achieve comparable performance to that of a fully digital block-diagonalization (BD) algorithm with a lower implementation cost and outperform those of modified existing hybrid beamforming algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed schemes by allocating the different numbers of data streams for each user according to the channel state information. The simulation results verified that the proposed method can achieve a good trade-off between complexity and performance on comparison with the modified existing schemes and the full digital solutions. |
11,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthesis of multiterminal communication nets: Finding one or all solutions, and key words: Symmetric matrices, Joining processes, Biographies, Levee, Mathematical programming, Mechanical engineering, Context, Circuits and systems, Sufficient conditions. Abstract: In this paper, the synthesis problem of multi-terminal nets is formulated as a mathematical programming problem. An algorithm based on Balinski's procedure of finding all the vertices of a convex polyhedra is described to determine one or all the feasible solutions of the synthesis problem. |
11,063 | Please write an abstract with title: An Overview and Future Directions on Physical-Layer Security for Cognitive Radio Networks, and key words: Sensors, Security, Jamming, Eavesdropping, Cognitive radio, Physical layer, Receivers. Abstract: Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have emerged as a reliable technology to address the problem of spectrum under-utilization. Cognitive radio (CR) is known to be intelligent, as it can sense, learn, and change its transmitting and receiving parameters according to changes in the surrounding environment. These operations are characterized by the CR cognition cycle. During the three stages of cognition, users are vulnerable to several types of attacks on the physical layer. Various types of physical-layer attacks can lead to loss of data security over CRNs. In this article, an overview of physical-layer security (PLS) for CRNs is provided. Some of the major attacks over the physical layer of CRN are presented, such as primary user emulation attack (PUEA), sensing falsification, jamming, and eavesdropping. Moreover, some of the suggested methods to combat these attacks and ensure data privacy are provided. We focus on presenting certain methods to combat eavesdropping. Current challenges and future research directions are included. |
11,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Intent-based Service Function Chaining on ETSI NFV Platforms, and key words: Cloud computing, Open source software, Computer architecture, Conferences, Firewalls (computing). Abstract: The emerging network paradigms allow service providers to completely rethink the way network services are designed, developed, provisioned, and managed. Service Function Chaining allows to easily deploy complex and composite network services by concatenating one or more physical or virtualized components. However, a step forward in terms of abstraction is needed, and an intent-based approach to service chain specification is considered a promising solution. We demonstrate how to achieve intent-based SFC specification on an ETSI NFV environment, running on top of an experimental test bed based on commonly available open-source software platforms, such as Open Source MANO and OpenStack. |
11,065 | Please write an abstract with title: Reason Forecast with Bert on Test Result Alarm in Semiconductor Fab, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Knowledge engineering, Bit error rate, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Data models, Data mining. Abstract: The development of artificial intelligence in fab raised the opportunity of improving the product yield and quantity by predictive analytics. That improving the keen awareness of the knowledge of relationship between anomalous data and product yield can help engineers to find potential risk in wafer processing, which contributes to improving product yields. In this paper, we extracted a set of alarm records with confirmed reasons from engineers as data set. And we used an attention-based convolutional neural network with BERT as the embedding layer and added some more attentive features to find the alarm reason and the alarm influence. The result indicated that this resolution could help engineer find alarm reason timely. |
11,066 | Please write an abstract with title: Wipe transition detection based on motion activity and dominant colours descriptors, and key words: Motion detection, Strips, MPEG 7 Standard, Layout, Encoding, MPEG 4 Standard, Automatic voltage control, Video sequences, Transform coding, Video coding. Abstract: Future image and video sequence encoders will be able to use the metadata information in order to improve their efficiency or introduce a new technique of error masking in a video decoder. The paper presents a wipe transition detection algorithm based on two video descriptors: motion activity and dominant colour. The information about transition could be useful in encoder in order to optimize their encoding strategy. |
11,067 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight DNN for ECG Image Classification, and key words: Training, Simulation, Neural networks, Electrocardiography, Myocardium, Testing, Image classification. Abstract: Recent advances in the field of AI have proved that deep neural networks perform and recognize arrhythmia better than cardiologists when trained with a large chunk of data. However, despite the better performance, deep neural networks demand more resources. Therefore, in this paper, a new deep neural network using low resources has been proposed while maintaining high performance, and it is enhanced with a depthwise separable convolution layer for Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification. The algorithm is performed on the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) diagnostic dataset taken from Physionet consisting of two classes: Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Normal (N). Our simulation results show that the proposed lightweight DNN provides high performance with almost the same accuracy as conventional SquezeNets. |
11,068 | Please write an abstract with title: 1.81 kHz Relaxation Oscillator With Forward Bias Comparator and Leakage Current Compensation Based Techniques, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature distribution, Temperature dependence, Sensitivity, Voltage, Stability analysis, System-on-chip. Abstract: We propose a 1.81 kHz on-chip relaxation oscillator implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology without trimming. The first order temperature coefficient (TC) is compensated by leakage current. The stability is further enhanced by a forward bias comparator that suppresses offset variation. The oscillator consumes 11.69 nW from a 0.8 V power supply and the TC is 49.3 ppm/°C for a temperature range from -20°C to 80°C. The simulated line sensitivity is 1.8% with voltage supply ranging from 0.5 V to 2.0 V. |
11,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Security Situation Assessment and Prediction Technology based on Analytic Hierarchy Process, and key words: Privacy, Uncertainty, Fluctuations, Information security, Information processing, Network security, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: The development of the Internet has brought a lot of convenience to people, but it also has some drawbacks and threats. For netizens, the study of the network security situation(SS) is the protection of privacy and security, as well as the maintenance of basic rights. Therefore, the research on network security situation assessment(NSSA) is based on security considerations. It can help people better understand this problem and take corresponding measures to control and prevent possible dangers. This article mainly uses experimental method and data method to carry out relevant research on AHP and NSSA and prediction technology(PT). Experimental results show. In the second to third time periods, the number of messages collected and the number of Trojan horse attacks changed inversely, and the fluctuations changed sharply. This shows that it is necessary to apply the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) for situation assessment. |
11,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Inharmonious Region Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Fuses, Conferences, Redundancy, Bidirectional control, Decoding, Task analysis. Abstract: The advance of image editing techniques allows users to create artistic works, but the manipulated regions may be incompatible with the background. Localizing the inharmonious region is an appealing yet challenging task. Realizing that this task requires effective aggregation of multi-scale contextual information and suppression of redundant information, we design novel Bi-directional Feature Integration (BFI) block and Global-context Guided Decoder (GGD) block to fuse multi-scale features in the encoder and decoder respectively. We also employ Mask-guided Dual Attention (MDA) block between the encoder and decoder to suppress the redundant information. Experiments on the image harmonization dataset demonstrate that our method achieves competitive performance for inharmonious region localization. The source code is available at https://github.com/bcmi/DIRL. |
11,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Remote Evaluation Method for Measurement Error of Large-Scale Smart Meters Considering Environmental Factors, and key words: Temperature measurement, Measurement errors, Renewable energy sources, Temperature, Fluctuations, Costs, Humidity. Abstract: There are some problems such as high maintenance cost, poor accuracy in smart meters on-site verification. This paper presents a remote evaluation method for the measurement error of large-scale smart meters considering environmental factors. The measurement error model of smart meter considering temperature and humidity factor is established. By calculating the fluctuation percentage of measurement error, the operation error of smart meter in the station area is inferred. Based on the analysis of actual examples, the results show that the method can effectively evaluate the measurement error of smart meters in large-scale stations and improve the accuracy and speed of judgment. |
11,072 | Please write an abstract with title: A fair scheduling algorithm combined with reservation resource compensation for wireless networks, and key words: Scheduling algorithm, Wireless networks, Bandwidth, Quality of service, Femtocell networks, IP networks, Channel allocation, Delay, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a fair scheduling algorithm combined with reservation resource compensation for wireless networks. The proposed algorithm is capable of supporting differentiate application-level services and uses different queuing strategies for each class of services. We also introduce a compensation mechanism and a resource reallocation method to achieve fairness. The compensation that a lagging flow receives is proportional to the original transmission speed of the flow. |
11,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Denoising Based on Wave Atoms, and key words: Noise reduction, Spinning, Wavelet transforms, Image edge detection, Image denoising, Oscillators, Distortion. Abstract: A new method for image denoising was presented,which colligated the strong point of wave atoms transform and Cycle Spinning. Due to lack of translation invariance of wave atoms transform,image denoising by coefficient thresholding would lead to Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena. Cycle Spinning was employed to avoid the artifacts. Experimental results show that the method can remove noisy and remain edges, while Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena are controlled efficiently, and can get better visual effect and PSNR gains compared with the methods like simplex wave atoms or wavelet denoising using Cycle Spinning.And in heavy background noise, this advantage is significant. |
11,074 | Please write an abstract with title: A Loss With Mixed Penalty for Speech Enhancement Generative Adversarial Network, and key words: Speech enhancement, Generative adversarial networks, Noise measurement, Gallium nitride, Training, Signal to noise ratio, Convolution. Abstract: Speech enhancement based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) can overcome the problems of many classical speech enhancement methods, such as relying on the first-order statistics of signals and ignoring the phase mismatch between the noisy and the clean signals. However, GANs are hard to train and have the vanishing gradients problem which may lead to generate poor samples. In this paper, we propose a relativistic average least squares loss function with a mixed penalty term for speech enhancement generative adversarial network. The mixed penalty term can minimize the distance between generated and clean samples more effectively. Experimental results on Valentini 2016 and Valentini 2017 dataset show that the proposed loss can make the training of GAN more stable, and achieves good performance in both objective and subjective evaluation. |
11,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Moderate Overparameterization: Global Convergence Guarantees for Training Shallow Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Training data, Stochastic processes, Biological neural networks, Information theory, Convergence. Abstract: Many modern neural network architectures are trained in an overparameterized regime where the parameters of the model exceed the size of the training dataset. Sufficiently overparameterized neural network architectures in principle have the capacity to fit any set of labels including random noise. However, given the highly nonconvex nature of the training landscape it is not clear what level and kind of overparameterization is required for first order methods to converge to a global optima that perfectly interpolate any labels. A number of recent theoretical works have shown that for very wide neural networks where the number of hidden units is polynomially large in the size of the training data gradient descent starting from a random initialization does indeed converge to a global optima. However, in practice much more moderate levels of overparameterization seems to be sufficient and in many cases overparameterized models seem to perfectly interpolate the training data as soon as the number of parameters exceed the size of the training data by a constant factor. Thus there is a huge gap between the existing theoretical literature and practical experiments. In this paper we take a step towards closing this gap. Focusing on shallow neural nets and smooth activations, we show that (stochastic) gradient descent when initialized at random converges at a geometric rate to a nearby global optima as soon as the square-root of the number of network parameters exceeds the size of the training data. Our results also benefit from a fast convergence rate and continue to hold for non-differentiable activations such as Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs). |
11,076 | Please write an abstract with title: A Calculation Method of the Total Efficiency of Wind Generator, and key words: Wind energy generation, Wind speed, Wind farms, Steady-state, Wind turbines, Power generation, Copper, Iron, Energy efficiency, Probability density function. Abstract: This paper presents a method to represent various losses in wind generator as a function of wind speed, which is based on the steady state analysis. By using the proposed method, wind turbine power, generated power, copper loss, iron loss, stray load loss, mechanical losses and energy efficiency can be calculated quickly. Calculation was done using a wind speed data expressed by Probability Density Function in order to predict capacity factor and total efficiency of a wind farm for one year. Finally it is concluded that the proposed prediction calculation method is effective, and can contribute to a wind generator design and construction planning of a wind farm. |
11,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Active Flux Observer to Suppress Position Estimation Error for Sensorless IPMSM Drives, and key words: Observers, Rotors, Stators, Sensorless control, Resistance, Torque, AC motors. Abstract: Harmonics and drifts are found in the position estimation errors of high-frequency signal injection (HFI) methods. To suppress the position estimation error, a hybrid active flux observer with disturbance rejection for both HFI method and model-based method is proposed. It fuses the position information from traditional HFI method and model-based method as the input of a disturbance observer, the estimated disturbance output can compensate measurement error for the two methods. Then a reduced-order natural speed observer is connected in a cascaded form to reject motor mechanical disturbance by estimating the load torque. Besides, a stator resistance identification algorithm is proposed, which is proved stable near zero frequency under persistent excitation condition. A tuning guideline for the whole algorithm is elaborated based on a rigorous stability analysis. Effective experiments and simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme on a 0.75-kW interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive platform. |
11,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Crossover Structure Separation With Application to Neuron Tracing in Volumetric Images, and key words: Neurons, Image reconstruction, Three-dimensional displays, Feature extraction, Topology, Two dimensional displays, Morphology. Abstract: Morphology reconstruction of neurons from 3-D microscopic images is essential to neuroscience research. However, many reconstructions may contain errors and ambiguities because of the crossover neuronal fibers. In this article, an automatic algorithm is proposed for the detection and separation of crossover structures and is applied to neuron tracing for improving the neuron reconstruction results. First, a spherical-patches extraction (SPE)-Net is employed to detect the 3-D neuron crossover points and locate the crossover structures in neuron volumetric images. Second, a multiscale upgraded ray-shooting model (MSURS) is proposed to obtain robust results at different scales with high confidence and is employed to extract the crossover neuronal structure features. Then, a crossover structure separation (CSS) method is developed to eliminate the false connections of crossover structures and generate deformed separated neuronal fibers based on the extracted features to replace the original neurites signals. Experiments demonstrate that the SPE-Net for crossover point detection achieves average precision and recall rates of 73.89% and 79.66%, respectively, and demonstrate the proposed CSS method can improve 20.46% the performance of the reconstructions on average. The results confirm that the proposed method can effectively improve the neuron tracing results in volumetric images. |
11,079 | Please write an abstract with title: The fast Fourier transform for experimentalists. Part I. Concepts, and key words: Fast Fourier transforms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Frequency domain analysis, Discrete transforms, Frequency conversion, Time domain analysis, Geophysics, Astronomy, Signal analysis, Atmosphere. Abstract: The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) provides a means for transforming data sampled in the time domain to an expression of this data in the frequency domain. The inverse transform reverses the process, converting frequency data into time-domain data. Such transformations can be applied in a wide variety of fields, from geophysics to astronomy, from the analysis of sound signals to CO/sub 2/ concentrations in the atmosphere. Over the course of three articles, our goal is to provide a convenient summary that the experimental practitioner will find useful. In the first two parts of this article, we'll discuss concepts associated with the fast Fourier transform (FFT), an implementation of the DFT. In the third part, we'll analyze two applications: a bat chirp and atmospheric sea-level pressure differences in the Pacific Ocean. |
11,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Self-Calibration Method for IMU Using Distributed Inertial Sensors, and key words: Sensors, Calibration, Servomotors, Sensor systems, Gyroscopes, Inertial sensors, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: Inertial measurement unit (IMU) calibration is essential to ensure the successful operation of various navigation systems. This article describes a novel method for self-calibration of IMU with distributed sensor architectures. The IMU is composed of modules that are distributed along the measurement axes. Each module is equipped with a single-axis gyroscope and three-axis accelerometer sensors. The modules have also their own signal-conditioning circuits and processors. This enables single-axis calibration of the module with a servo system based on a piezoelectric actuator (PEA). The proposed IMU and calibration method are capable of on-site self-calibration. The calibration is performed with the sinusoidal movements generated by the servo system. Despite the limited displacement of the PEA, high angular velocity and tangential acceleration can be achieved with the servo system. Thus, the gyroscope sensor can be directly calibrated with the angular velocity produced by the servo system. On the other hand, the calibration parameters of the accelerometer are determined by using the tangential and centripetal acceleration produced by the servo system. With the proposed method, the bias, scale factor, and installation errors of accelerometer and gyroscope sensors can be determined. The method has been analyzed by conducting experiments with a prototype IMU. In addition, experiments on 3-DoF turntables have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed self-calibration method. |
11,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Centralized charging power distribution method for electric vehicles, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Vehicle-to-grid, Costs, Power distribution, Solar energy, Linear programming, Mathematical models. Abstract: The extra electricity load generated by the increasing number of electric vehicles (EV) may have an adverse effect on the electrical grid of cities. At the same time, electric vehicles may also be considered as mobile energy storages that can significantly reduce load fluctuations. Therefore, a mathematical model for the coordination of EV charging and electric network capacity had been elaborated. The model supports the optimization of electricity load by charging power distribution and bidirectional energy flow between EVs and charging infrastructure. The optimization problem was solved using linear programming. The model was applied to determine the optimal solar power for charging EVs. It was found that daytime charging demand may be served using only solar energy without surplus in generation if the share of flexible demand was higher than app. 15 %. Furthermore, centralized control may decrease the charging cost significantly. |
11,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightning protection of radio and television broadcasting sites, and key words: Lightning protection, Radio broadcasting, TV broadcasting, Voltage control, Grounding, Hazards, IEC standards, Surge protection, Poles and towers, Power system protection. Abstract: Principles of lightning protection of radio and TV broadcasting sites have been reviewed. New methods of protection against lightning threats to these objects have been discussed. Important aspects of the lightning and overvoltage protection have been pointed out. The paper has been written in compliance with the series of international standards, e.g. IEC 61024, IEC 61312. |
11,083 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart-Band Operated Wrist Rehabilitation Robot, and key words: Wrist, Robots, Robot sensing systems, Rehabilitation robotics, Medical treatment, Actuators, Accelerometers. Abstract: Many people in the world are increasingly suffering from stroke issues. Survivors often tend to suffer from hemiplegia or related conditions, in which some portion of their body may be rendered useless. The wrist is one such part. But this injury can be recovered by conventional rehabilitation processes like physical therapy. In this paper, a device for robot-assisted physical therapy is presented for wrist rehabilitation. It can overcome the lack of availability of physical therapists and reduce the cost incurred in long-term therapy. Also, it can provide accurate regular exercises without missing any step even in the absence of the therapist. These two DOF robotic devices can learn the physical exercise (i.e. wrist-based movements) from the trained therapist through an electronic smart-band. It can also replicate these exercises when the patient wears this device over his/her wrist. Here, an accelerometer sensor and a magnetometer sensor-based smart-band are used for recognizing the wrist motions like flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The objective of this preliminary work is to drive accurately all the motor actuators which are attached to the robot and calibrate the feedback sensor to reflect the movement of the smart-band. In the future, this robot can be used as a teleoperated rehabilitation device through an IoT platform. |
11,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Securing Smart City Surveillance: A Lightweight Authentication Mechanism for Unmanned Vehicles, and key words: Drones, Authentication, Surveillance, Smart cities. Abstract: The significance of the Internet of Drones (IoD) is increasing steadily and now IoD is being practiced in many military and civilian-based applications. IoD facilitates real-time data access to the users especially the surveillance data in smart cities using the current cellular networks. However, due to the openness of communication channel and battery operations, the drones and the sensitive data collected through drones are subject to many security threats. To cope the security challenges, recently, Srinivas et al. proposed a temporal credential based anonymous lightweight authentication scheme (TCALAS) for IoD networks. Contrary to the IoD monitoring framework proposed by Srinivas et al., their own scheme can work only when there is one and only one cluster/flying zone and is not scalable. Moreover, despite their claim of robustness, the investigation in this paper reveals that Srinivas et al.'s scheme cannot resist traceability and stolen verifier attacks. Using the lightweight symmetric key primitives and temporal credentials, an improved scheme (iTCALAS) is then proposed. The proposed scheme while maintaining the lightweightness provides security against many known attacks including traceability and stolen verifier. The proposed iTCALAS extends scalability and can work when there are several flying zone/clusters in the IoD environment. The formal security proof along with automated verification using ProVerif show robustness of proposed iTCALAS. Moreover, the security discussion and performance comparisons show that the iTCALAS provides the known security features and completes authentication in just 2.295~ms. |
11,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Distribution Network State Estimation Based on CNN-LSTM Pseudo-Measurement Model, and key words: Distribution network, State estimation, Convolution neural network, Long-short term memory neural network, Pseudo-measurement. Abstract: In order to address the issue of missing actual measurement data and improve the redundancy of measurement data in practical distribution network systems, this paper proposes a new approach for distribution network state estimation based on Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) pseudo-measurement modeling. According to the different feature extraction capabilities of CNN and LSTM, a two-level information extraction multi-information fusion CNN-LSTM prediction framework is proposed by using LSTM to learn the short-term load characteristics and CNN to capture the long-term load characteristics of users. Input the historical data of node load at different time scales into CNN-LSTM, fuse and further extract the information of multiple time scales at the high-level stage, and input the test data after the training to obtain the pseudo-measurement with high accuracy; After that, weighted least squares (WLS) method is used to perform three-phase state estimation of the distribution network. Through simulations, we demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach. |
11,086 | Please write an abstract with title: The relation between the ROC curve and the CMC, and key words: Biometrics, Databases, Probes, Sorting, Search engines, Bismuth, Computer vision, System performance, Computer displays, Testing. Abstract: The cumulative match curve (CMC) is used as a measure of 1: m identification system performance. It judges the ranking capabilities of an identification system. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) of a verification system, on the other hand, expresses the quality of a 1:1 matcher. The ROC plots the false accept rate (FAR) of a 1:1 matcher versus the false reject rate (FRR) of the matcher. We show that the CMC is also related to the FAR and FRR of a 1:1 matcher, i.e., the matcher that is used to rank the candidates by sorting the scores. This has as a consequence that when a 1:1 matcher is used for identification, that is, for sorting match scores from high to low, the CMC does not offer any additional information beyond the FAR and FRR curves. The CMC is just another way of displaying the data and can be computed from the FAR and FRR. |
11,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural networks estimation of truck static weights by fusing weight-in-motion data, and key words: Neural networks, Feedforward neural networks, Sensor fusion, Sensor systems, Roads, Axles, Inverse problems, Multi-layer neural network, Multilayer perceptrons, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: This paper presents a complete neural networks approach developed to improve the accuracy of multiple-sensor Weigh-In-Motion system. This system consists in fusing the dynamical measurements of individual sensors installed in the road, into one improved estimate of static gross or axle weight. This task is complex due to the difficulty to inverse the model that describes the dynamical vehicle-pavement interactions. The sensors are also difficult to calibrate and remain sensitive to the environmental conditions. We chose to model the data with neural networks named 'general feedforward neural networks'. This class of neural nets includes in particular the famous Multilayer Perceptron model used in many applications. In order to increase the accuracy and the generalization capacity of this neural model, we also use an automatic method of model selection based on genetic algorithms. Simulated traffic data, computed with a realistic model based on vehicle-pavement interaction, indicated that a neural network can produce results with a higher degree of accuracy than the simple linear regression method. Moreover, our results show that the fusion of several sensors significantly improved the estimation of the static weight, much more in the frame of non linear modeling than in the frame of linear one. In our simulation, the optimal number of sensors to fuse stands around 7. |
11,088 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reversible Secret Image Sharing Scheme Based on Stick Insect Matrix, and key words: Insects, Authentication, Data mining, Visualization, Internet, Encryption. Abstract: This paper first proposes a generation algorithm of a stick insect matrix. Then, a novel reversible secret image sharing scheme based on the stick insect matrix is presented. With the help of our matrix, secret data can be embedded in a cover image to generate two meaningful shadows. It is worth mentioning that the stick insect structure of the proposed matrix can be extended according to the embedding rate of the secret data, meanwhile the generating rules of the stick insect matrix can guarantee optimal visual quality of the generated shadows. Moreover, our scheme also provides an authentication mechanism. The embedded secret data can be retrieved and the cover image can be recovered exactly after successful authentication of two shadows. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme provides excellent visual quality and good authentication ability. |
11,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring Real-Time Status of Analog Sources: A Cross-Layer Approach, and key words: Distortion, Real-time systems, Monitoring, Optimal scheduling, Data integrity, Quantization (signal), Markov processes. Abstract: Real-time status updating or monitoring plays a critical role in emerging applications including Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) systems. In these applications, the real-time status is mostly characterized by analog signal samples desiring lossy compression before digital transmissions. However, how to ensure the data freshness while reducing the distortion due to lossy compression still remains open. In this paper, we are interested in a cross-layer framework aiming at achieving low Age-of-Information (AoI) and compression distortion concurrently in real-time monitoring over fading channels. More specifically, a cross-layer optimization is formulated to jointly control the lossy compression in the application layer and data transmission in the physical layer. We present a hierarchical solution method by decomposing the cross-layer optimization into inner and outer problems. The objective of the inner problem, solved by convex optimization, is to minimize an age-weighted distortion function and strike the optimal tradeoff between the instantaneous AoI and compression loss. The objective of the outer problem, solved by dimension-reduced Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP), is to acquire the optimal scheduling policy reducing the average AoI and distortion. We demonstrate the structural results of the optimal cross-layer design, which substantially reduces the protocol complexity in practice. |
11,090 | Please write an abstract with title: mm-Wave Radar Hand Shape Classification Using Deformable Transformers, and key words: Point cloud compression, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Convolution, Radar detection, Radar. Abstract: A novel, real-time, mm-Wave radar-based static hand shape classification algorithm and implementation are proposed. The method finds several applications in low cost and privacy sensitive touchless control technology using 60 Ghz radar as the sensor input. As opposed to prior Range-Doppler image based 2D classification solutions, our method converts raw radar data to 3D sparse cartesian point clouds. The demonstrated 3D radar neural network model using deformable transformers significantly surpasses the performance results set by prior methods which either utilize custom signal processing or apply generic convolutional techniques on Range-Doppler FFT images. Experiments are performed on an internally collected dataset using an off-the-shelf radar sensor. |
11,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved BDD Binary Logic Algorithm: Hidden BDD Algorithm, and key words: Logic gates, Fault trees, Boolean functions, Encoding, Software algorithms, Reliability engineering. Abstract: This paper first introduces the principle of BDD algorithm, then gives the definition of 1-structure function and 0-structural function, and derives the 1-structure and 0-structure function of each logic gate based on the principle of disjoint of BDD. Next, the concept of hidden BDD is proposed. Then the algorithm flow is proposed, The algorithm does not need to sort the bottom event, nor does it need to construct and optimize BDD, that is, it can directly obtain the top event structure function and use the structure function to perform quantitative calculation. The algorithm can simplify the encoding process, reduce the related steps around the BDD in order to obtain the structure function, and improve the computational efficiency. Finally, a case is given to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm. |
11,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Alzheimer's Disease Prediction with XAI in various Neural Network Models, and key words: Convolution, Magnetic resonance imaging, Conferences, Predictive models, Data models, Biology, Alzheimer's disease. Abstract: Using a number of Neural Network Models, we attempt to explore and explain the prediction of Alzheimer's in patients in various stages of the disease, using MRI imaging data. Alzheimer's disease(AD) often described as dementia is one of the major neurological dysfunctionalities among humans and does not yet have a proven detection system; unless the final stage symptoms of AD starts to be seen. It is observed that multimodal biological, imaging and other available neuropsychological data can ensure a high percentage of separation among (AD) patients from cognitively normal elders. However, they cannot surely predict or detect early enough that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can get converted into Alzheimer's disease dementia in the future. But the research done till date shows a high probable detection rate in which they used the pattern classifier built on various longitudinal data. So in this paper we experimented with the existing Neural Network models to detect Alzheimer's disease in its early stage by classification techniques; and will be using a recent hybrid dataset in the process to have four separate classification in total. And also explored the exact region for which that specific classification occurs for the patients, looking at the T1 weighted MRI scans from a hybrid dataset from Kaggle [1] using the LIME based XAI(Explainable Artificial Intelligence) framework. For the Convolution Neural Network Models we are using Resnet50, VGG16 and Inception v3 and received 82.56%, 86.82%, 82.04% of categorical accuracy respectively. |
11,093 | Please write an abstract with title: HRV scaling exponent identifies postinfarction patients who might benefit from prophylactic treatment with amiodarone, and key words: Heart rate variability, Medical treatment, Myocardium, Drugs, Biomedical signal processing, Spectral analysis, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac disease, Hospitals, Aging. Abstract: Analysing the Holter recordings collected at baseline during the European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT), we evaluate the possibility of using /spl alpha/, the slope of the power spectrum of heart rate variability signals (HRV) in the vicinity of f=0, for postinfarction risk stratification. We found no relevant difference in the values of /spl alpha/ for the placebo population. On the contrary, in the amiodarone arm, the distinction in the survival rates of those with high or low /spl alpha/-values was highly significant. Moreover, high risk patients with respect to /spl alpha/ (higher values) did not seem to benefit from amiodarone. The results suggest that /spl alpha/ might convey physiologic information that is different than what is expressed by other HRV characteristics, such as the triangular index. When combining high risk patients in term of triangular index (<20) and low risk patients with respect to /spl alpha/ (<median), the difference in survival on placebo and amiodarone became very substantial (24.2% mortality on placebo, 8.7% on amiodarone, p=0.017). This might offer a possibility of selecting patients likely to benefit from a prophylactic antiarrhythmic treatment after acute myocardial infarction. |
11,094 | Please write an abstract with title: New ways for purifying lead iodide appropriate as spectrometric grade material, and key words: Spectroscopy, Purification, Argon, Atmosphere, Plasma temperature, Refining, Lead, Composite materials, Plasma materials processing, Plasma x-ray sources. Abstract: In order to overcome some unsolved problems of lead iodide purification such as lack of stoichiometry, decomposition and polytype admixture, several purification methods were compared. Lead iodide Alfa Aesar and synthesized from lead nitrate and potassium iodide was purified by zone refining, zone refining followed by sublimation, repeated sublimation and repeated evaporation, at different conditions. Zone refining was performed at 420/spl deg/C, 3 cm/hr, 100 passes, repeated sublimation at 390/spl deg/C and vacuum (10/sup -5/ mmHg) or Ar atmosphere (500 to 580 mmHg) and repeated evaporation at 10/sup -5/ mmHg or in Ar atmosphere (150 to 600 mmHg) and temperature from 450/spl deg/C to 600/spl deg/C. Purification methods were evaluated by studying parameters of the purified material like decomposition, stoichiometry, purity and polytype composition and also taking into account purification yield and rate. Stoichiometry was determined by wet procedures, purity by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and polytypes by powder X-ray diffraction. Evaporation of lead iodide at the highest temperature and moderate Ar pressure (600/spl deg/C and 500-600 mmHg) proved to be the best way to avoid material decomposition. Sublimation and evaporation give the best stoichiometry (PbI/sub 1.90/) especially when compared with zone refining (PbI/sub 1.40/). Whatever the purification method, material has an appreciable polytype content. Purity showed similar results for 100 zone refining passes than for 3 evaporations. Furthermore, evaporation exhibits maximum yield and rate (16%/day). Therefore, the work performed points out evaporation in Ar atmosphere as the quickest and more efficient purification method for producing spectrometric grade lead iodide, avoiding material decomposition and achieving high purity, but maintaining the best stoichiometry. |
11,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi user MIMO performance applied to UMTS HSDPA, and key words: MIMO, 3G mobile communication, Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Error analysis, Estimation error, Feedback, Scheduling algorithm, Performance evaluation, Wireless communication. Abstract: The aspects of applying MIMO techniques to the UMTS HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) transmission, assuming a multi-user scenario, are introduced. The Shannon capacity measure, working as the uplink transmitted channel metric, performs a major role - namely in transmission rate determination, frame error rate estimation, and scheduling at node B. |
11,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of capillary trace on the wire bond loop profile, and key words: Simulation, Wires, Production, Stability analysis, Software, Finite element analysis, Reliability. Abstract: With the rapid development of IC manufacturing industry, wire bonding, as a traditional interconnection method, continues to develop towards high density, high speed and high reliability. The loop profile significantly influences the reliability of wire bonding, and it is necessary to study the wire bond looping process. The loop profile of the bonding wire is determined by the tension and material property of bonding wire as well as the trace and structure of capillary, in which the capillary trace has a major impact on the wire bond loop profile. At present, in the production practice of semiconductor industry, the settings of capillary motion parameters are mainly based on engineering experience. The influence of capillary trace on the loop profile is still unclear, which induces the loop profile is difficult to control. In this study, the influence of capillary trace on the looping process was investigated by finite element method on the software ANSYS LS-DYNA. The simulation results show that the lower the loop height is, the closer the horizontal position of highest point is to the first bonding point, the larger is the von Mise stress of the first bonding point. Loop height can be increased by rising kink height, reducing flat length, and the span of the highest point. The curvature of loop can be increased by increasing the height of the capillary motion and conversion, while overlarge conversion angle deteriorates the reliability of the loop. When the horizontal position of the highest point of the loop is located between the first bonding point and the center of the loop, the loop profile has ideal tensile strength and stability. Therefore, using a suitable capillary trace to generate a well-structured loop is beneficial to improve the reliability of electronic packaging. |
11,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Let’s Start Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Academic Conferences, and key words: COVID-19, Systematics, Pandemics, Bibliographies, Decision making, Carbon dioxide, Sustainable development. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic forced researchers to move academic conferences to a virtual format; but also brought attention back to the carbon footprint of their physical format. In general, while conferences can follow different formats with a different carbon footprint, the related factors of influence remain unclear, hence hindering informed decisions on how to organize and attend them.This work provides a preliminary study of the carbon footprint of academic conferences and the trade-offs between alternative conference types. First, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify factors that contribute to the carbon footprint of on-site, virtual, and hybrid conferences. Second, we conducted an interview survey among steering committee members of a pilot of prominent international conferences to complement the SLR.There is agreement in the literature and the research community that on-site conferences suffer from travel-related emissions among many other factors. While the on-site type benefits from strong networking possibilities, the virtual and hybrid types can reduce carbon emissions significantly. Notwithstanding, we miss a generic framework that accounts for all revealed carbon footprint factors in each conference type. Also, compared to carbon offsetting, carbon handprinting as a footprint reduction option is considered in neither the literature nor the research community. Among the results, we provide a first sustainability model to compare current and future conference types according to their sustainability trade-offs. The model can be used as a decision-making tool by, e.g., conference organizers. |
11,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Wafer Pattern Counting, Detection and Classification Based on Encoder-Decoder CNN Structure, and key words: Deep learning, Location awareness, Image segmentation, Pipelines, Neural networks, Estimation, Classification algorithms. Abstract: This paper designs an automatic wafer pattern counting pipeline based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) based structure, also called the WPCCNN network pipeline. The study will utilize deep learning algorithms to detect, binary classify and count wafer patterns. In the sample dataset, over two hundred wafers have been scanned by industrial computed tomography, containing 11 different patterns for the dataset images. Each image includes three processed steps. Moreover, it utilizes the lightweight CNN structure to demonstrate detection, classification, and estimated counting [1, 3]. Besides, the study also uses encoder and decoder structure on the CNN algorithm to obtain the closest expected output. Compared to traditional object counting methods, such as localization and density estimation, using this new method to count objects will be more accurate, faster, and more accessible [1–3]. The experiment results indicate that our algorithm is highly accurate with the paring between the original patterns and the labeled markers. The average counting accuracy is 99.6% in a single wafer. |
11,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Ontologies as a Basis for Constructing Digital Twins in Energy, and key words: Systematics, Digital twin, Digital transformation, Buildings, Computer architecture, Ontologies, Market research. Abstract: The article describes the development of digital twins using an ontological approach. Considering digital twins as an important component of the digitalization of the energy sector, the article discusses the directions of digital transformation. The definitions of a digital twin and a digital shadow, chosen as working ones, are given. The features of building digital twins in the energy sector are analyzed. Some classifications of digital twins, stimulating and constraining factors of their development in Russia are considered. An ontological approach to the development of digital twins is given. The stages of transition from mathematical models and computer programs to digital twins based on ontologies are described. The architecture of the IT infrastructure for systematic energy research based on digital twins and smart digital twins is presented. A use case of an ontological approach is given on the example of developing a digital twin of a solar power plant. |
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