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11,500 | Please write an abstract with title: Weighted Cross-Entropy for Unbalanced Data with Application on COVID X-ray images, and key words: COVID-19, Databases, X-ray imaging, Lung, Computed tomography, Deep learning, Training. Abstract: Since December 2019 the world is infected by COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease, which spreads very quickly, out of control. The high number of precautions for laboratory access, which need to be taken to contain the virus, together with the difficulties in running the gold standard test for COVID-19, result in a practical incapability to make early diagnosis. Recent advances in deep learning algorithms allow efficient implementation of computer-aided diagnosis. This paper investigates on the performance of a very well known residual network, ResNet50, and a lightweight Atrous CNN (ACNN) network using a Weighted Cross-entropy (WCE) loss function, to alleviate imbalance on COVID datasets. As a result, ResNet50 model initialized with pre-trained weights fine-tuned by ImageNet dataset and exploiting WCE achieved the state-of-the-art performance on COVIDXRay-5K test set, with a top balanced accuracy of 99.87%. |
11,501 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of kinematic dexterity based on a 2 DOF incompletely restrained cable-driven parallel robot, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Parallel robots, Power cables, Kinematics, Power systems, Indexes, Ellipsoids. Abstract: The study is based on a 2 DOF incompletely restrained cable-driven parallel robot whose number of cables is equal to the degrees of freedom of the robot. The main goal of this study is to analyze the kinematic dexterity of the robot according to the available workspace defined by the tensions in the cable, which need to be between a minimal tension to prevent the cable from sagging and a maximal tension to prevent the cable ripping under an imposed handled mass and the own mass of the cables. The dexterity of the mechanism is used for expressing the movement ability of the mechanism among a specified direction inside the total workspace. The condition number of the Jacobian matrix is used for evaluating the dexterity of the mechanism. The study presented above was implemented using MATLAB to solve the equations that compute the local dexterity indices of each point inside the workspace and for implementing a graphical representation of the results. |
11,502 | Please write an abstract with title: Active EMI Noise Cancelling, and key words: Filtering, Electromagnetic interference, Europe, Crosstalk, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Noise cancellation. Abstract: With the increase of active power conversion using higher switching (PWM) frequencies, the need for filtering and shielding increases proportionally to minimize crosstalk and to adhere EMC compliance. As power conversion is often done without galvanic separation, every measure taken on either side; supply and/or load has an immediate impact on the other. Circuit optimization can be done for pre-defined EMI test environments which then often fails in practical installations. EMI noise reduction solutions need to be created which are adaptive and self-optimize to their environment. Additionally, compared to conventional filtering, active EMI noise cancellation can be compact, cheap, unconditional stable, power and crosstalk reduction efficient. As such, active EMI noise cancellation will eliminate the need for heavy stiff shielded cables, large and heavy inductances and capacitor banks, used in filter stages, and as such save weight and volume. This paper is the result of the ongoing research on an active EMI noise cancelling concept [1] as presented at EMC Europe 2018 in Amsterdam. This project has been carried out under the European Project H-2020, ESCEL, I-Mech which ran from 2017 and was successfully accomplished 2020 [10]-[11]. |
11,503 | Please write an abstract with title: Recording characteristics at a channel rate over 300 mb/s in a helical-scan tape system, and key words: Magnetic heads, Transistors, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Giant magnetoresistance, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Prototypes, Magnetic recording, Frequency dependence, System testing. Abstract: Recording characteristics at high-linear density were investigated using a spin-stand tape tester. Low-noise metal obliquely evaporated tape with a 40-nm magnetic layer was used. Read signal level and nonlinear transition shift of a thin-film head was compared with that of a metal-in-gap head. A prototype helical-scan tape drive with a thin-film head and a giant magnetoresistive head was developed to investigate the recording characteristics at channel rates over 300 Mb/s. A sufficient signal-to-noise ratio of 18 dB was obtained at a channel rate of 300 Mb/s with a read track width of 0.8 /spl mu/m and a linear density of 376 kFRPI. |
11,504 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Electric Field to Monitor the Continuous Casting, and key words: Resistance, Casting, Metals, Production, Slag, Solids, Electrical resistance measurement. Abstract: Detecting the internal dynamic structure in opaque production line helps to obtain essential information for steering the processing parameter. This work reports the implementation of electric field and magnified percolation effect to a continuous casting mold. It is able to indicate the change of internal dynamic structure such as the solid shell thickness, nozzle condensation, structural integrity of coating film, slag entrapping and inclusion states. The method does not suffer from the penetration limit from skin effect of electromagnetic field and has potential to detect the structural health of engineering component made by multiphase alloys. |
11,505 | Please write an abstract with title: Single harmonic based Model Predictive Control for tracking, and key words: Stability analysis, Cost function, Harmonic analysis, Predictive control, Closed loop systems, Convex functions. Abstract: One of the challenges of model predictive control is achieving a large domain of attraction with a small prediction horizon, in order to reduce the computation time and ease its implementation in embedded platforms. The domain of attraction can be enlarged by increasing the prediction horizon, at the expense of an increase in the number of decision variables, or by enlarging the terminal set. In MPC for tracking the terminal set is enlarged by the addition of an artificial equilibrium point as a decision variable, while maintaining stability of the closed loop system. In this paper we propose an extension of the MPC for tracking formulation that adds a single harmonic signal as an artificial reference. We show that a significant increase of the domain of attraction is achieved with the addition of a low number of decision variables, especially for low values of the prediction horizon. |
11,506 | Please write an abstract with title: Smell Sensory System In m-Commerce- A Case Study, and key words: Pregnancy, Terminology, Scientific computing, User interfaces, Fetus, Nervous system, Mobile handsets. Abstract: This paper analyzing two purposes. Purpose-i, the way by which the customers could buy perfume online; the basic level of smell could be identified then made combination and bringing to the multiple levels of smells. It discusses how to record the smell from the basic level to the multiple levels in smells, it could be done by deploying the autocorrelation method and recorded as binary bits then it could be stored as a data set in the memory, so that users could select/customize their desired perfume through online from any corner of the world; it could be given as a decimal number/ flavor names/ pointing some pictures of a flower at the user interface mode or sense the scent and choose the desired perfume by using our atomizer, o/p device directly. Then purpose-ii, a patient could be identified about his molecule range by his body odor/excrete matter’s odor online, which could help the physician to diagnose the patient’s health issue. This terminology could be referred as i/p device OIA, Olfaction Identifier & Analyzer. So that anybody could test their molecule range online. This paper is analyzing the smell sensory nervous system and also leads to a new output device (atomizer), and an input (OIA) device (to be implemented) to spray and absorb the smell through the mobile device respectively. Thus the commercial work could be successfully done either it’s buying a perfume or finding the molecule range of health condition. |
11,507 | Please write an abstract with title: Continuum generation in continuous-wave-pumped dispersion-shifted fibers, and key words: Dispersion, Optical fiber communication, Fiber lasers, Laser theory, Distributed power generation, Pulse modulation, Supercontinuum generation, Optical microscopy, Optical propagation, Solitons. Abstract: In this paper, we study both theoretically and experimentally nonlinear cw Raman fiber laser beam propagation in a dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF) and demonstrate that supercontinuum (SC) generation relies on modulation instability in the anomalous dispersion regime. |
11,508 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a Filter Algorithm for Processing Decentralized Car2X Data on a Backend, and key words: Measurement errors, Roads, Data preprocessing, Transportation, Filtering algorithms, Information filters, Reliability. Abstract: With the development of urban traffic and increasingly complex road conditions have raised more and more concerns about safe driving. To meet the growing demand for safe driving, some new approaches are needed to monitor the road conditions. The establishment of a modern intelligent transportation system can effectively solve these problems. Combining the survey data intelligent traffic system can simulate the traffic information. In the real world, there are many measurement errors in the collection of raw data, thus the reliability of the collected raw data is questioned. This paper provides an efficient and trusted filter algorithm to processing decentralized Car2X data on the backend. This algorithm consists of data reorganization, data preprocessing, data filtering, and data analyzing. |
11,509 | Please write an abstract with title: Electroluminescence and materials characterization of InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and key words: Inorganic materials, Gallium arsenide, Quantum dots, US Department of Transportation, Chemical vapor deposition, Electroluminescence, Temperature distribution, MOCVD, Quantum dot lasers, Buffer layers. Abstract: Summary form only given. We demonstrate 1.3 /spl mu/m electroluminescence from a QD ensemble, MOCVD-grown on an n-GaAs substrate. We discuss optimized QD growth using MOCVD as well as characterization of the ensembles. By optimizing key parameters including growth temperature, V/III ratio, deposition rate and system pressure, we achieve surface densities of 8/spl times/10/sup 10//cm/sup 2/, and electroluminescence at 1.3 /spl mu/m with a full width at half maximum of 40 meV. |
11,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Social Haptic Illusions for Tactile Stroking (SHIFTS), and key words: Performance evaluation, Actuators, Haptic interfaces. Abstract: A common and effective form of social touch is stroking on the forearm. We seek to replicate this stroking sensation using haptic illusions. This work compares two methods that provide sequential discrete stimulation: sequential normal indentation and sequential lateral skin-slip using discrete actuators. Our goals are to understand which form of stimulation more effectively creates a continuous stroking sensation, and how many discrete contact points are needed. We performed a study with 20 participants in which they rated sensations from the haptic devices on continuity and pleasantness. We found that lateral skin-slip created a more continuous sensation, and decreasing the number of contact points decreased the continuity. These results inform the design of future wearable haptic devices and the creation of haptic signals for effective social communication. |
11,511 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Dither Technique for Measuring the RF Half-Wave Voltage of a Silicon Mach–Zehnder Modulator, and key words: Radio frequency, Modulation, Voltage measurement, Frequency modulation, Optical modulation, Semiconductor device measurement, Silicon. Abstract: A novel method to measure the radio frequency(RF) half-wave voltage of the silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (SMZM) is presented based on a low-frequency power dither signal. In our method, the power dither is applied to the thermo-optic phase shifter built into the SMZM, and an RF modulation signal applied to the SMZM is produced by a pulse-code generator. Then, a low-frequency monitor photodiode is used to detect the output signal of the SMZM, and a pair of orthogonal trigonometric functions with the same frequency as the power dither signal is constructed. This performs the cross-correlation integral operations with the output signal of the SMZM. The aforementioned integral results versus different amplitude RF modulation signals are plotted as two third-order polynomial functions, and the intersection point of the third-order polynomial functions corresponding to the RF voltage is the half-wave modulation voltage. Compared with the conventional methods, this new method not only removes the electrical absorption effect and nonlinear electro-optic effect of the SMZM-induced measurement error but also improves measurement accuracy and reduces measurement complexity. |
11,512 | Please write an abstract with title: Monolithic integration of quantum cascade lasers, detectors and active waveguides, and key words: Optical device fabrication, Monolithic integrated circuits, Imaging, Waveguide lasers, Detectors, Photodetectors, System-on-chip. Abstract: Opto-electronic integration in the mid-infrared may unlock new implementations of miniaturized imaging and sensing systems. We demonstrate a small mid-infrared system composed of a laser, bus waveguide and photodetectors fabricated on a single conventional quantum cascade laser wafer. |
11,513 | Please write an abstract with title: Features of Bacterial Cellulose Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Obtained by Two Different Techniques, and key words: Microorganisms, Nanocomposites, Nanoparticles, Bones, Bone tissue, Young's modulus, Plastics. Abstract: Nanocomposite material based on bacterial cellulose and hydroxyapatite was obtained using the biomimetic mineralization method (imitation of the formation of the mineral component in natural bone tissue) and the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the presence of fibrillar fragments of BC. The biocomposite BC/HA-1 obtained by biomineralization showed high physicochemical parameters compared with the composite obtained by synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the presence of fibrillar fragments of BC (BC/HA-2). The ultimate tensile strength of the composite BC/HA-1 was 92.07+1.4 MPa, the composite BC/HA-2 was 76.09+1.1 MPa. Young's modulus (the coefficient of proportionality between stress and strain) of the BC/HAP-1 composite was 59.04+0.6 MPa (BC/HA-1), which is 18.6% higher than that of the BC/HA-2 composite (48.03+0.8 MPa). |
11,514 | Please write an abstract with title: Design, Reliability Investigation and Analysis of 60 GHz band LNA in 65nm CMOS for 5G Mobile Communication, and key words: Gain, Noise figure, Reliability, CMOS technology, Power demand, Microwave amplifiers. Abstract: A LNA has been designed in Cadence simulator in 60 GHz band (57-64 GHz) in 65nm CMOS with microstrip as on-chip inductors. LNA has gain of 11.55 dB at 60 GHz. The noise figure is 4.98 dB at 60 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth for this LNA design is 57-64 GHz. The stability factor (K) is greater than 1 for the entire range. Additionally, the 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) is -10.0229 dBm and the IIP3 value is -2.2 dBm at 60 GHz. PVT (Process-Voltage-Temperature) simulations is also done for reliability investigation and analysis where the performance of LNA is tested under various process corners, temperatures and voltages. Gain of the amplifier was observed under different process corners, temperatures (from -40°C to 100°C) and voltages. It was observed that the amplifier's gain was invariant in the voltage variation range of 1 - 1.4 V. Moreover, we observed that the higher peak in the gain graph is due to the fast-fast process corner parameter and the lower peak is due to the slow-slow process corner parameter. The highest peak gain was observed for the Fast-Fast process corner and at low temperature of -40°C and lowest peak gain for Slow-Slow process corner and at high temperature of 100°C. FoM (figure of merit) is 0.92 GHz/mW at 60 GHz. Hence a reliable design of LNA is achieved for the 60 GHz band for 5G mobile communication application. |
11,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of test stimulus size on motion aftereffects to illusory motion, and key words: Conferences, Pressing, Observers, Life sciences. Abstract: After viewing a stimulus moving in one direction (adaptation stimulus) for dozens of seconds to minutes, an observer perceives a stationary stimulus (test stimulus) to be moving in the opposite direction. This phenomenon is known as the motion aftereffect (MAE). Many studies have examined various features of the stimuli that affect MAE, such as size, contrast, and velocity and have discussed MAE in relation to neural mechanisms. Harrison et al. (2016) demonstrated illusory global motion by drifting a stationary Gabor patch array. The Gabor patch array consists of horizontally or vertically drifting Gabor patches arranged on an imaginary square. An observer perceives rotational motion to the Gabor array although each patch does not rotate. Using this illusory rotation as an adaptation stimulus, we previously reported that this illusion induced rotational MAE in the opposite direction (ECVP2021). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the size of a test stimulus, a black filled square, on the duration of MAE induced by illusory rotational motion. In an experiment, participants viewed the adaptation stimulus for 30 seconds and a test stimulus was then presented. The participants reported whether the test stimulus was perceived as moving by pressing and holding a key corresponding to the direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise). The results showed that the MAE durations changed with the size of the test stimulus. |
11,516 | Please write an abstract with title: Observational insights on the origin of giant low surface brightness galaxies, and key words: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: formation, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics. Abstract: Giant low surface brightness galaxies (gLSBGs) with dynamically cold stellar discs reaching the radius of 130 kpc challenge currently considered galaxy formation mechanisms. We analyse new deep long-slit optical spectroscopic observations, archival optical images, and published Hi and optical spectroscopic data for a sample of seven gLSBGs, for which we performed mass modelling and estimated the parameters of dark matter haloes assuming the Burkert dark matter density profile. Our sample is not homogeneous by morphology, parameters of stellar populations, and total mass, however, six of seven galaxies sit on the high-mass extension of the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation. In UGC 1382, we detected a global counterrotation of the stellar high surface brightness (HSB) disc with respect to the extended LSB disc. In UGC 1922 with signatures of a possible merger, the gas counterrotation is seen in the inner disc. Six galaxies host active galactic nuclei, three of which have the estimated black hole masses substantially below those expected for their (pseudo-)bulge properties suggesting poor merger histories. Overall, the morphology, internal dynamics, and low star formation efficiency in the outer discs indicate that the three formation scenarios shape gLSBGs: (i) a two-stage formation when an HSB galaxy is formed first and then grows an LSB disc by accreting gas from an external supply; (ii) an unusual shallow and extended dark matter halo; (iii) a major merger with fine-tuned orbital parameters and morphologies of the merging galaxies. |
11,517 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of clinical PET count rate performance, and key words: Positron emission tomography, Imaging phantoms, Delay, Scattering, Measurement standards, Technological innovation, Radiology, Anthropomorphism, Performance analysis, Attenuators. Abstract: We propose a methodology for analyzing clinical PET count rate performance that involves matching net trues (prompts - delayeds) and randoms (delayeds) count rate responses measured on a reference phantom to the actual patient data. We employ these estimated response curves to compute a performance metric closely related to the noise equivalent count rate, as a function of the total singles event rate in the system. Front this we can determine the peak performance value relative to the measured performance for any individual acquisition. This maximum performance value is largely independent of the magnitude of the activity present in the patient at the time of the acquisition, but depends mainly on the emitter and attenuator distributions. These peak count rates can be used to derive frame durations for equivalent noise, and correlated with patient weight. We can also determine lite singles rate, and thereby activity, necessary to achieve maximum performance, and based on the known activity in the patient, predict optimal injected doses. |
11,518 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the precise marketing method of agricultural products e-commerce platform based on user recommendation algorithm, and key words: Consumer behavior, Image processing, Digital transformation, Systems architecture, Search engines, Agricultural products, Internet. Abstract: With the development of China's major agricultural products e-commerce platforms, a large amount of information about users and agricultural products has been generated, resulting in the phenomenon of "information overload", which makes it more and more difficult for users to browse the agricultural products they are interested in and to purchase the agricultural products that meet their needs in a timely and effective manner. Therefore, to address this situation, this paper further mines the consumer behavior and other information generated when consumers interact with e-commerce platforms, predicts users' interests and preferences by constructing dynamic user portraits of groups, and solves the problem of "information overload" through personalized recommendation systems. In this paper, we mainly study the user portrait and group dynamic user portrait, the personalized recommendation method for agricultural products and the system architecture design of agricultural products e-commerce platform. This paper meets the demand for such products in the market and lays a certain theoretical and practical foundation for the subsequent research and development. |
11,519 | Please write an abstract with title: Reinventing Technology and Innovation Management Using a Three-Dimensional Approach, and key words: Organizations, Market research, Storms, Leadership, Industries, Technological innovation, Rail transportation. Abstract: In recent years, we have observed turbulence across sectors of the economy, geography, technology, and business. This turbulence manifests itself in megatrends, natural disasters, and pandemics. The lifetime of organizations reduced to 24 years in 2016 and is expected to be 12 by 2027. We can see these changes across three dimensions demonstrated as trend storms, rate of change, and disruption. By identifying best practices across successful organizations, we propose a three-dimensional canvas and approach of applying agility and leadership to deal with the rate of change, trend analysis to take advantage of them, and identifying and nurturing change-makers in the organization. |
11,520 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization, Classification and Detection of Fake News in Online Social Media Networks, and key words: Costs, Social networking (online), IEEE Sections, Conferences, Pressing, Bidirectional control, Fake news. Abstract: Due to its increasing popularity, low cost, and easy-to-access nature, Online Social Media (OSM) networks have evolved as a powerful platform for people to access, consume, and share news. However, this has led to the large-scale distribution of fake news, i.e., deliberate, false, or misleading information. Fake news is a pressing dilemma, as it has serious negative implications for individual users and for society as a whole. The news contents in the OSM networks are distributed rapidly, so the identification systems should predict news items as soon as possible to avoid spreading false news. Therefore, it is extremely crucial and technically challenging to detect fake news in social media networks. In this paper, we have discussed different characteristics and types of fake news and also propose an effective solution to detect fake news in OSM networks. The stance detection model and the fabricated content classifier are the main two components of the solution. The stance detection model achieved an accuracy of 90.37% with Logistic Regression, and the fabricated content classifier achieved an accuracy of 93.46% with Bi-directional LSTM. |
11,521 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Short-Circuit Fault Current Calculation Method For DC Grids, and key words: Network topology, Simulation, RLC circuits, Topology, Circuit faults, PSCAD, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: in recent years, flexible DC grids has developed rapidly and the Short-circuit protection is the main reason limiting its development. The calculation of fault short circuit is of great significance for the research of DC grid short circuit fault protection. There are virtual nodes in the equivalent circuits of some DC grids, which will cause the number of state equations of the DC grid and the number of state variables to be different. The algorithm proposed in this paper eliminates virtual nodes through a novel star-mesh network transformation and simplifies the calculation method of fault current. The proposed method is verified to be accurate and time-saving by comparison with the simulation results of electromagnetic transient (EMT) on PSCAD. This method can be applied to all kinds of VSC-HVDC network (ring, radial, and meshed topologies) and different types of short-circuit faults (pole-to-pole and pole-to-ground.). |
11,522 | Please write an abstract with title: Road traffic modelling and development of a specific traffic light control system, and key words: Microwave measurement, Passive radar, Laser radar, Radar measurements, Roads, Radar detection, Masers. Abstract: The present paper is designed to give a sharper focus on the development of a traffic signal control system for a particular intersection. The study sets forth to examine the movements of vehicles, pedestrians and other types of traffic participants on their approaching, stopping and passing through a traffic-light regulated intersection. Accomplished is a critical examination and made is a road traffic model of a given intersection zone in order to help reduce traffic obstructions and congestion. Singled out, accordingly, are the respective traffic indicators along with some traffic flow dependencies and determined, subsequently, are the quantitative values of the key intersection performance indicators. Established is the criterion of optimality and refined are the algorithms to optimize the relevant length of the phases and the traffic signal cycles at the intersection area. Proposed, further, is a concrete solution for a definite traffic light control system. |
11,523 | Please write an abstract with title: Recommendation System using optimized Matrix Multiplication Algorithm, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Tools, Signal processing, Parallel processing, Complexity theory, Task analysis, Optimization. Abstract: Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity & Value of data has drawn the attention of many analysts in the last few years. Performance optimization and comparison are the main challenges we face when we talk about the humongous volume of data. Data Analysts use data for activities like forecasting or deep learning and to process these data various tools are available which helps to achieve this task with minimum efforts. Recommendation System plays a crucial role while running any business such as a shopping website or travel agency where the system recommends the user according to their search history, likes, comments, or their past order/booking details. Recommendation System works on various strategies such as Content Filtering, Collaborative Filtering, Neighborhood Methods, or Matrix Factorization methods. For achieving maximum efficiency and accuracy based on the data a specific strategy can be the best case or the worst case for that scenario. Matrix Factorization is the key point of interest in this work. Matrix Factorization strategy includes multiplication of user matrix and item matrix in-order to get a rating matrix that can be recommended to the users. Matrix Multiplication can be achieved by using various algorithms such as Naive Algorithm, Strassen Algorithm, Coppersmith - Winograd (CW) Algorithm. In this work, a new algorithm is proposed to achieve less amount of time and space complexity used in-order for performing matrix multiplication which helps to get the results much faster. By using the Matrix Factorization strategy with various Matrix Multiplication Algorithm we are going to perform a comparative analysis of the same to conclude the proposed algorithm is more efficient. |
11,524 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Algorithms for Detecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Change detection algorithms, Pulmonary diseases, Prediction algorithms, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease with various clinical presentations. The basic abnormality in all patients with COPD is airflow limitation. The main method for diagnosis of COPD is using spirometer and imaging equipment, which are expensive and not suitable for use. This study aims at developing algorithms for analysing cough sounds for detecting COPD. CNN and CRNN based deep learning techniques are used for developing the algorithm. We have used both augmented and non-augmented datasets with three different feature extraction methods: Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient, zero crossing rate, and harmonic change detection function. The developed CNN and CRNN scored an accuracy of 96.6% and 96.73% respectively. Conclusion: The proposed algorithms have improved classification performance that had been reported in the literature. Significance: The results of this study suggest that automatic diagnostic tools can be developed with less intervention from healthcare professionals. |
11,525 | Please write an abstract with title: Planar Reactively Loaded Array Antenna With Flat-Top Radiation Pattern Characteristics, and key words: Planar arrays, Antenna feeds, Pattern matching, Loaded antennas, Tuning, Antenna radiation patterns, Antenna arrays. Abstract: This paper presents a novel antenna array structure featuring a flat-top symmetric two-dimensional radiation pattern. The radiating structure consists of an active antenna surrounded by reactively loading elements. The flat-top radiation pattern is achieved by properly tuning the reactive loads, which are realized as metal waveguides filled with a homogeneous dielectric material and terminated on a short circuit. The reactance of the parasitic elements is modulated by controlling the length of the waveguides. An antenna array with 11×11 radiating elements has been designed and analyzed. The optimized structure exhibits a [-25°; 25°] flat-top radiation pattern, supports two polarizations, and is inherently matched. |
11,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified U-Net Based Covid-19 Lesion Segmentation Using CT Scans, and key words: COVID-19, Location awareness, Computed tomography, Lung, Medical services, Signal processing, Decoding. Abstract: Computed Tomography (CT) based analysis will assist doctors in a prompt diagnosis of the Covid-19 infection. Automated segmentation of lesions in chest CT scans helps in determining the severity of the infection. The presented work addresses the task of automated segmentation of Covid-19 lesions. A U-Net framework incorporated with spatial-channel attention modules (contextual relationships), Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module (a wider receptive field) and Deep Supervision (lesion focus, less error propagation) is proposed. Focal Tversky Loss is used to evaluate the outputs at coarser scales while Tversky loss evaluates the final segmentation output. This combination of losses is used to enhance segmentation of the small lesions. The framework is trained on CT scans of 20 subjects of COVID19 CT Lung and Infection Segmentation Dataset and tested on Mosmed dataset of 50 subjects, where infection has affected less than 25% of lung parenchyma. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in segmenting the hard ROIs in Mosmed data resulting in a mean Dice score of 0.57 (9% more than the state-of-the-art). |
11,527 | Please write an abstract with title: Guaranteed cost control of uncertain T-S fuzzy descriptor systems, and key words: Control systems, Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Cost function, Takagi-Sugeno model, Uncertainty, Performance analysis, Sufficient conditions, Linear matrix inequalities, Constraint optimization. Abstract: This paper focuses on the problem of guaranteed cost control for uncertain Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy descriptor system. The parametric uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. A linear quadratic cost function is considered as a performance index. Sufficient conditions for the existence of guaranteed-cost controllers are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A convex optimization problem with LMI constraints is formulated to design the optimal guaranteed cost controller, which minimize the guaranteed cost of the closed-loop uncertain system. |
11,528 | Please write an abstract with title: Driving-Cycle-Oriented Design Optimization of a Permanent Magnet Hub Motor Drive System for a Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle, and key words: Permanent magnet motors, Optimization, Induction motors, Torque, Reluctance motors, Traction motors. Abstract: The electrical drive system is crucial to the drive performance and safety of electric vehicles (EVs). In contrast to the traditional two-wheel-driven EVs, the hub motor four-wheel-drive system can steer the vehicle by controlling the torque and speed of each wheel independently, yielding a very simple distributed drivetrain with high efficiency and reliability. This article presents a system-level design optimization method for a permanent magnet hub motor drive system for a campus patrol EV based on a practical driving cycle. An outer rotor permanent-magnet synchronous hub motor (PMSHM) and an improved model predicate current control are proposed for the drive system. Due to the lack of reducers, the direct-drive PMSHM needs to face more complex working conditions and design constraints. In the implementation, the motor design requirements are obtained through the collection of practical EV driving cycles on the campus. Based on these requirements, two models are proposed as the preliminary designs for the PMSHM. To improve their performance, an efficient multiobjective optimization method is employed to the motor considering different operational conditions. The finite-element model and thermal network model are employed to verify the performance of the optimized PMSHM. An optimal design scheme is selected by comparing the comprehensive performance of the two optimized motors. In addition, a duty-cycle model predictive current control is adopted to drive the motor. Finally, a prototype is developed and tested, and the experimental results are presented. |
11,529 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of product assemblability in different assembly sequences, and key words: Assembly, Shape, Manufacturing processes, Kinematics, Ellipsoids, Mechanical engineering, Interference, Time measurement, Solid modeling, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: This paper discusses how to evaluate the assemblability of a product in different assembly sequences. The concept - sensitive tolerance in assembly is proposed and its influence on the assemblability is studied. An approach is proposed to use the transformation matrix to derive the geometric deviations of mating features caused by the tolerance and assembly clearance, and their propagation and accumulation in different assembly sequences. This approach can be used to evaluate the relative assemblability of different assembly sequences, and can be integrated in assembly planning to help find more feasible assembly sequences |
11,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Building a web-based learning portfolio for authentic assessment, and key words: Portfolios, Buildings, Databases, Educational technology, Multidimensional systems, Educational institutions, Computer architecture, Power system modeling, Prototypes, Displays. Abstract: This paper gives a full and detailed account of the design and development of a web-based learning portfolio (WBLP) system for authentic assessment, in the hope to help record, display, and monitor the student learning process. The functions of the WBLP system include portfolio creation, portfolio browse, portfolio guide, portfolio discussion board, portfolio class bulletin, suggestion board, student data maintenance, and system management. Databases used in the WBLP include student portfolio database (including student basic data table, portfolio data table, course work data table), discussion database (including topic data table, article data table), and bulletin database (including news data table). |
11,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Demographic Data-driven Deprivation Index for Predicting Chronic Diseases, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Urban areas, Predictive models, Big Data, Medical tests, Data models, Blood pressure. Abstract: Researchers have worked on modeling and predicting the likelihood of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, using medical data (e.g., heart-rate, blood sugar). However, many of these diseases demonstrate strong links with demographics and socio-economic status (e.g., race, gender, income). It is also less time-consuming to retrieve demographic and socio-economic data, some of which are publicly available through the U.S. Census Bureau, than to conduct medical tests. Hence, such data can give a quicker estimate of the susceptibility of a person to a chronic disease.In this work, we study the effect of using medical vs. demographic data for modeling and predicting two chronic diseases: diabetes and high blood pressure. We proposed an updated deprivation index to build disease models that consider demographic data. Our results indicate demographic data are as good or better indicators for predicting chronic diseases. |
11,532 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on Green Internet of Things, and key words: Radiofrequency identification, Monitoring, Air pollution, Temperature sensors, Green buildings. Abstract: Internet of Things(IoT) is a broad term which enables the object to collect data, exchange data and also reduces human intervention. It allows Machine to Machine communication with embedded devices, which enables sending-receiving of the data. Green Internet of things which can be either software or hardware adopted majorly deals with reducing greenhouse effects and the entire life cycle from production to utilization plays major on the environment. This paper gives the summary of Green IoT with different Tags and their uses to achieve energy efficiency and how they impact on the society for a greener environment. |
11,533 | Please write an abstract with title: AutoHR: A Strong End-to-End Baseline for Remote Heart Rate Measurement With Neural Searching, and key words: Heart rate, Convolution, Computer architecture, Frequency-domain analysis, Videos, Lighting. Abstract: Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), which aims at measuring heart activities without any contact, has great potential in many applications (e.g., remote healthcare). Existing end-to-end rPPG and heart rate (HR) measurement methods from facial videos are vulnerable to the less-constrained scenarios (e.g., with head movement and bad illumination). In this letter, we explore the reason why existing end-to-end networks perform poorly in challenging conditions and establish a strong end-to-end baseline (AutoHR) for remote HR measurement with neural architecture search (NAS). The proposed method includes three parts: 1) a powerful searched backbone with novel Temporal Difference Convolution (TDC), intending to capture intrinsic rPPG-aware clues between frames; 2) a hybrid loss function considering constraints from both time and frequency domains; and 3) spatio-temporal data augmentation strategies for better representation learning. Comprehensive experiments are performed on three benchmark datasets, and we achieved superior performance on both intra- and cross-dataset testings. |
11,534 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Stock Price Based on Frequency Components by EMD and Neural Networks, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Time-frequency analysis, Empirical mode decomposition, Wind speed, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Frequency conversion. Abstract: Predicting stock price based on the features of raw data has been a significant but challenging task for researchers. Various frequency components of the raw stock price series represent characteristics of stock prices in different time scales. Therefore, it makes sense for predicting stock prices to take these frequency components into account. In this paper, a novel hybrid model is proposed to predict stock prices, which combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD), convolutional neural network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). For this purpose, the original stock price series are first decomposed into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) under different frequencies by EMD. For each component, a CNN is used to extract the features. Then through a LSTM network, the temporal dependencies of all extracted features are modeled and the final predicted prices are obtained after a linear transformation. Two prediction steps, one day and one week, of Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index (SSE) are used to test the proposed model. The experimental results show that the hybrid network can achieve better performances by modeling different frequencies compared with other state-of-the-art models. |
11,535 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Information Technology for Person Identification for Usage in Energy Smart Systems, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Measurement, Image recognition, Image resolution, Image coding, Databases, Face recognition. Abstract: This paper is devoted to the research of information technology of person identification with an aim of its improvement for further usage in energy smart systems. As far as face recognition technologies usually exploit high-dimensional information it makes the processes of face recognition and identification computationally intensive. The purpose of this research is to overcome this problem by facing the challenges of low-quality image recognition. Therefore, there were studied the following issues of low-quality image recognition: area of face region, image resolution variety and image compression variety due to the file format. The experimental research was performed in three stages with the use of the Database of Faces, FERET and SCface database. |
11,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Full Duplex Communication Based on Partial Power Coil in Inductive Coupling Power Transfer System, and key words: Resonant frequency, Impedance, Couplings, Topology, RLC circuits, Wireless power transfer. Abstract: In this paper, a novel parallel transmission method of power and signal based on power transmission coupler (sharing channel) is proposed for full duplex communication. The partial power magnetic coupler and the power compensation capacitors form partial power resonance network which has the function of high frequency wave trapper (passive band pass filters). So the effect on power and signal transmission is isolated without additional wave trapper. According to the characteristic of the double resonance frequencies of signal transmission circuit, the bidirectional transmission of the signal is operated at different resonance frequency points. So forward and reverse transmission channels are separated by each other and full duplex communication is realized. The proposed method was tested on experimental apparatus. The experimental result proved that it's reliable for full duplex communication and parallel transmission of power and signal. |
11,537 | Please write an abstract with title: Curvature Filters-Based Multiscale Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Image segmentation, Hyperspectral imaging, Training, Classification algorithms, Task analysis, Geometry. Abstract: Exploring fast and effective spectral-spatial feature extraction algorithms for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is one of the most focus problems in current hyperspectral remote-sensing research. Generally, the size of homogeneous regions in HSIs is not consistent in real scenario and real scenario usually consist of ground objects of different scales. Multiscale strategy starts to be used to construct discriminative features at different scales for HSI classification in recent years. To efficiently characterize the multiscale spectral-spatial features of HSIs, a curvature filters-based multiscale feature extraction method with multiscale superpixel segmentation constraint is proposed. The proposed algorithm is composed of the following major stages. First, global multiscale spectral-spatial features are efficiently extracted via progressively curvature filtering and downsampling operations, which can be regarded as an image pyramid decomposition method. Next, a multiscale superpixel segmentation strategy is applied on the first layer of the image pyramid, and a weighted mean operation is applied within and among superpixels to extract the local multiscale spatial features (LMSFs). Finally, the global multiscale curvature features (GMCFs) and the superpixel segmentation-based LMSFs are fused to form the final multiscale spectral-spatial features for classification purposes. To verify the capabilities of the proposed method, comprehensive experiments are performed on five real hyperspectral datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the classification accuracies compared to several standard HSI feature extraction and classification methods, especially when the number of samples for training is limited. |
11,538 | Please write an abstract with title: Computerized biofeedback tool: application in electromyogram-biofeedback, and key words: Computer applications, Biological control systems, Application software, Muscles, Biomedical monitoring, Back, Electric variables control, Output feedback, Temperature sensors, Displays. Abstract: The main objective of this work is to report the development of a computerized biofeedback system as well as several results of its application. Although conceived mainly for electromyogram-biofeedback (EMG-biofeedback), and for use in physiotherapeutic applications, the system is flexible enough to be used with any physiological variable and application. Developed as a part of an existing digital polygraph, biofeedback classes contemplates many different biofeedback methods, such as visual and sound feedback tools. Object oriented paradigm was employed to implement this system, which is being used to train patients with facial palsy to improve facial muscle contraction and asthmatic children to improve inspiration using mainly the diaphragm muscle. Results obtained show that both patients and health professionals find the system easy and pleasant to work with. |
11,539 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust sensorless Induction Motor control based on Extended Kalman Filter observer, and key words: Resistance, Torque, Induction motors, Rotors, Sensorless control, Stators, Observers. Abstract: This paper suggests a robust sensorless control of the Induction Motor (IM) using the famous Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The quality of the estimated speed strongly depends on rotor resistance and stator resistance. A change in rotor resistance or stator resistance causes a significant speed estimation error, especially at low speed. The variation in these resistances affects not only the estimated speed but also the indirect Field-Oriented Control (FOC), as it would be demonstrated later in this paper. Unfortunately, these resistances are strongly affected by temperature and frequency variation. Therefore, the estimation of rotor resistance and stator resistance and rotor speed is necessary to enhance the robustness of the sensorless control of IM. This study also covers the load torque estimation used to improve the estimated speed transient state. In short, the contribution of this paper is represented by the estimation of the following states: currents, fluxes, rotor speed, load torque, stator resistance, and rotor resistance simultaneously by a single EKF without using a model of stator resistance or switching between two separate EKF algorithms. Simulation results obtained thanks to Matlab/Simulink software demonstrates the robustness of the EKF observer at low speed against variation of parameters and the robustness of Field Oriented Control against variation of rotor resistance. |
11,540 | Please write an abstract with title: Element positioning for linear arrays using generalized Gaussian quadrature, and key words: Acoustic beams, Acoustic arrays, Narrowband, Wave functions, Pattern analysis, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Fourier transforms, Physics, Radar, Mutual coupling. Abstract: We present a novel approach for designing small narrowband linear arrays with unequally spaced elements. Our approach involves discretising a line source with a desirable beam pattern and relies on the fact that beam patterns are bandlimited. We show that, given a nonnegative weighting function for a line source, one can design a linear array of elements whose beam pattern approximates that of the line source to any desired degree of accuracy. We make use of the prolate spheroidal wave functions to analyze line-source beam patterns since they are eigenfunctions of the finite Fourier transform. These functions form a Tchebycheff system, which allows us to calculate exactly integrals involving these functions via a generalized Gaussian quadrature rule. This quadrature rule then gives the appropriate set of element positions and weights. We give results for several weighting functions and we consider both broadside and electronically scanned linear arrays. As an example we show how a broadside array with half-wavelength spacing and Dolph-Tchebycheff weights may be improved upon using the method described. |
11,541 | Please write an abstract with title: Fine grain scalable perceptual and lossless audio coding based on IntMDCT, and key words: Audio coding, Discrete cosine transforms, MPEG 4 Standard, Scalability, Frequency domain analysis, Arithmetic, Masking threshold, Codecs, Noise shaping, Shape. Abstract: This papers presents an embedded fine grain scalable perceptual and lossless audio coding scheme. The enabling technology for this combined perceptual and lossless audio coding approach is the integer modified discrete cosine transform (IntMDCT), which is an integer approximation of the MDCT based on the lifting scheme. It maintains the perfect reconstruction property and therefore enables efficient lossless coding in the frequency domain. The close approximation of the MDCT also allows us to build a perceptual coding scheme based on the IntMDCT. In this paper a bitsliced arithmetic coding technique is applied to the IntMDCT values. Together with the encoded shape of the masking threshold a perceptually hierarchical bitstream is obtained, containing several stages of perceptual quality and extending to lossless operation when transmitted completely. A concept of encoding subslices is presented in order to obtain a fine adaptation to the masking threshold especially in the range of perceptually transparent quality. |
11,542 | Please write an abstract with title: Large Margin Training for Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks in Neural Language Modeling, and key words: Training, Navigation, Neural networks, Predictive models, Mathematical models, Natural language processing, Data models. Abstract: Language models based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have been widely applied to automatic speech recognition, natural language processing research. However, current LSTMs are trained by employing the cross-entropy loss function, which only considers the target category without considering the competing categories during the training processes. Thus, current training methods cannot fully exploit the discriminative information provided by the data labels. To tackle this problem, we propose a Large Margin Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (LMLSTM) model in this paper. Our model employs the large margin discriminative principle as a heuristic term to navigate the convergence process during training. Our model has improved the discriminative ability of the original LSTM while maintaining the capability when generating sequential data. Our proposed large margin term was tested on the Penn Treebank corpus language modelling task. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LMLSTM model outperforms current LSTM models in terms of accuracy and perplexity without increasing the depth. |
11,543 | Please write an abstract with title: A linearized 2-GHz SiGe low noise amplifier for direct conversion receiver, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Low-noise amplifiers, Linearity, Circuit noise, Noise measurement, Circuit simulation, Impedance matching, Feeds, Current supplies. Abstract: A 2-GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) with optional dual bias feed (DBF) linearization circuit was studied and implemented. The operation of the DBF circuit is described in detail and an analytical formula for the extra base current supplied by the DBF is derived in this paper. Simulation results show that the DBF circuit improves ICP and IIP3 by 6.5 dB and 7 dB, respectively. The circuit was fabricated using a 0.35-/spl mu/m 45-GHz f/sub T/ SiGe BiCMOS technology. |
11,544 | Please write an abstract with title: An ellipsoidal calculus based on propagation and fusion, and key words: Calculus, Ellipsoids, Uncertainty, Probability density function, Shape, Covariance matrix, Testing, Parameter estimation, Gaussian noise, Service robots. Abstract: Presents an ellipsoidal calculus based solely on two basic operations: propagation and fusion. Propagation refers to the problem of obtaining an ellipsoid that must satisfy an affine relation with another ellipsoid, and fusion to that of computing the ellipsoid that tightly bounds the intersection of two given ellipsoids. These two operations supersede the Minkowski sum and difference, affine transformation and intersection tight bounding of ellipsoids on which other ellipsoidal calculi are based. Actually, a Minkowski operation can be seen as a fusion followed by a propagation and an affine transformation as a particular case of propagation. Moreover, the presented formulation is numerically stable in the sense that it is immune to degeneracies of the involved ellipsoids and/or affine relations. Examples arising when manipulating uncertain geometric information in the context of the spatial interpretation of line drawings are extensively used as a testbed for the presented calculus. |
11,545 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing and Predicting Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Manufacturing Industries using Machine Learning, and key words: Measurement, Machine learning algorithms, Machine learning, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: This paper investigates the use of machine learning algorithms to derive an approximated metric model for predicting the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) from an industrial process. Analyzing this information, it is possible to ensure better understanding of the business and stimulating the search for improvements of the productive efficiency in industries. In this context, our objective is to explore and apply different ML techniques (supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms) to derive an approximated metric for estimating the overall efficiency in a production line using historical data (dataset) obtained from actual machines in a factory. By using the manufacturing data of a product and specific learning algorithms, a prediction model is created to identify the ideal OEE metric, indicating that the equipment will be used according to its capacity and productive efficiency. Thus, we are able to predict the OEE of a given machine, and to analyze the behavior obtained in order to improve production. From the learning OEE metric, it is possible to analyze the equipment behavior and verify the existence of some patterns which could be used to propose improvements in the manufacturing process. Experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility and evaluation of the proposed models for verifying the efficiency of the industrial plant for different business standards. |
11,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Land Use Identification of the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara Using Bicycle Data: an Unsupervised Classification Approach, and key words: Web services, Databases, Urban areas, Geoscience and remote sensing, Bicycles, Behavioral sciences, Planning. Abstract: This paper presents the results from a research project that is focused on land-use, land-mapping and human behavior analysis to evaluate its movement through information sources that contains geo-referenced information. The source used is data provided by MiBici, which is a bicycle sharing platform established in the city of Guadalajara (state of Jalisco) in Mexico. The database includes a combination of different data for every month of recent years, and the access to this information is free and totally available. The methodologies used for this research were agile development techniques for project planning, k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, and K-Means for the clusterization of different zones. The programming language used for the development was Python and in addition an implementation proposal was performed using the Amazon Web Services platform. The results obtained shows that the different clusters obtained are well defined, the data is classified among them and physically the information have a valuable relationship to the human activity and behavior within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. |
11,547 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient Stability Assessment of protective devices in a three phase analyzer program, and key words: Performance evaluation, Earth, Analytical models, Protective relaying, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Transient analysis. Abstract: Advanced simulation technologies provide useful means to engineers for design and analysis of large-scale power systems. Traditional transient stability programs, assume the network in balanced condition, thus use only positive sequence network to describe the state of the system in different situations. Therefore, they are not able to simulate unbalanced conditions properly. On the other hand to ensure that the network operates in a secure manner it is essential to include the performance of protection system in performed investigations. In this paper efforts have been made to implement the protective relays behavior including the earth relays in a phasor based three-phase transient stability (TS) program and results obtained by different test systems are presented. |
11,548 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal sensing and magnetic film memory array design, and key words: Magnetic films, Signal design, Pulse amplifiers, Signal to noise ratio, Capacitance, Inductance, Delay lines, Signal analysis, Magnetic analysis, Geometry. Abstract: A signal-to-noise analysis is presented to show its influence on the design of magnetic film memory arrays. The device geometry and array dimensions are varied independently to find the design limits within which reliable signal detection can be performed, that is, the range within which adequate signal-to-noise ratio is obtained at the sense amplifier. The result is a plot of the required number of READ pulses for any combination of line width and line length in the range of interest. Line widths between 1/2- and 4-Mil and array sizes up to 4096 × 4096 bits were investigated. Multipulse readout is required for line widths less than 1.5-mils. A 256 × 256 array of 1/2-mil lines on 1-mil centers requires 12 signal pulses of 3-ns duration each, whereas a 1024 × 1024 array of 1-mil lines on 2-mil centers requires 7 signal pulses. It should be noted that in addition to adequate signal-to-noise ratio, a minimum of signal is needed (not obtainable through multiple READs) commensurate with the gain of the sense amplifier. These considerations are all combined in a set of design curves which can be used to make design tradeoffs between device size, array size, and cycle time. |
11,549 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectrum-Based, Full-Band Preprocessing, and Two-Dimensional Separation of Bearing and Gear Compound Faults Diagnosis, and key words: Gears, Resonant frequency, Compounds, Fault diagnosis, Time-frequency analysis, Signal to noise ratio, Indexes. Abstract: Compound faults diagnosis of bearings and gears in gearboxes is a full-challenging task. The rational usage of meshing resonance is probable to be one of the breakthroughs to solve this problem. However, the existing detection method of meshing resonance is sensitive to noise and has risks of false demodulation. Meanwhile, it is difficult to guarantee that isolated components only contain one fault characteristic. Based on the mentioned problems, a spectrum of full-band preprocessing and 2-D separation method is raised. First, the inverted editing method of the original signal is proposed to reduce noise in the full frequency band. Second, the established resonance detection diagram and the introduced amplitude-level decomposition technique separate the processing results in the frequency and amplitude dimensions. Finally, the separate components are detected, respectively, by envelope analysis. Both the simulation analysis and experimental verification do support the effectiveness of this method. In addition, this article compares the existing method and solves the essential problems as well. |
11,550 | Please write an abstract with title: The Rhapsody UML Verification Environment, and key words: Unified modeling language, Object oriented modeling, Safety, Embedded system, Formal verification, Concrete, Buildings, Mission critical systems, Context modeling, Computer languages. Abstract: Object-oriented modeling plays an increasing role in the design of embedded controllers. Formal verification can be applied in order to give evidence for meeting safety critical requirements. The "Rhapsody UML Verification Environment" supports verification of safety and liveness requirements for embedded controllers, developed within the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The verification environment is integrated in the design tool "Rhapsody in C+ +" offered by the company I-Logix. This paper discusses how UML models are transformed into a format usable for the VIS model checker, shows the specification and verification on a simple example and explains how the tool can be used to help determining the memory resources of a model. |
11,551 | Please write an abstract with title: Microservice-based Edge Device Architecture for Video Analytics, and key words: Performance evaluation, Visual analytics, Pipelines, Microservice architectures, Smart cameras, Computer architecture, Streaming media. Abstract: With today's ubiquitous deployment of video cameras and other edge devices, progress in edge computing is happening at an incredible speed. Yet, one aspect of real-time video analytics at the edge that is still underdeveloped is the support for processing multitenant, multi-application scenarios with a limited set of resources. Existing systems either fail to provide the necessary performance, or rely too heavily on edge or cloud servers to handle the workload. This work proposes a new approach, inspired by both Function-as-a-Service and microservices architecture in order to efficiently place and execute video analytics pipelines on edge devices. The main contributions of this work are the ability to dynamically add and run new applications on already deployed systems, and the capability to horizontally distribute pipelines across other neigh-bouring edge devices. We prototype an implementation that we evaluate using multiple concurrent applications per device. Results show that our system provides more flexibility for on-the-fly re-configuration than existing works do, with 20 % improvement in latency and 3.9 X increase in throughput. |
11,552 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Phased Array Architectures for Full-Duplex Joint Communications and Sensing, and key words: Phased arrays, Performance evaluation, Interference cancellation, Correlation, Receiving antennas, Radar antennas, Sensors. Abstract: The short wavelength of millimeter-waves in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications enables the implementation of multi-element antenna arrays in relatively small space, e.g., in user devices and small base stations. Joint communication and sensing (JCAS) is a scheme which utilizes the beamsteering capabilities of the multi-element antenna arrays for simultaneously maintaining a communication link and sensing the surroundings with a radar beam and receiving it with the same device. The simultaneous transmission and reception requires a beam weighting algorithm which cancels the self-interference while at the same time maintaining the integrity of both beams. In this paper, the performance of different linear patch antenna array architectures is studied in terms of self-interference cancellation performance and obtained maximum gain in the beamsteering range. A mirror-beam problem in the self-interference cancellation algorithm for parallel arrays is studied and novel coupling randomization is introduced for the arrays to prevent the forming of the mirror beams. |
11,553 | Please write an abstract with title: Requirements are corporate assets, and key words: Management training, Production, Costs, Asset management, Documentation, Investments, Software testing, Degradation, Databases, Internet. Abstract: After the software is implemented, the requirements are often put on the shelf to gather dust. Instead, the author tells us how treating our requirements as valuable assets can save organizations significant time and money. |
11,554 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-efficient Resource Allocation for Secure IRS Networks with an Active Eavesdropper, and key words: Array signal processing, Simulation, Information security, Tools, Linear programming, Energy efficiency, Resource management. Abstract: In this paper, in order to solve poor communication problems under the long-distance transmission and secure communication, an energy-efficient maximization based resource allocation (RA) algorithm is proposed to improve system energy efficiency (EE) and information security for secure intelligent reflecting surface-based cellular networks under an active eavesdropper. Firstly, a nonlinear RA model with coupled variables (i.e., beamforming vector and phase shift matrix) is formulated for a multiple-input single-output cellular system with the help of IRS, where the minimum secure rate constraint of user, the maximum transmit power constraint of base station (BS), and continuous phase shift constraint are considered simultaneously. Then, the fractional objective function is transformed into a parameter-subtractive form by using Dinkelbach's approach, meanwhile the coupled beamforming vector and the phase shift parameter are decoupled by using an alternating iteration method. Moreover, the non-convex problem is converted into a semi-definite programming problem solved by using convex optimization tools. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm has good EE and security. |
11,555 | Please write an abstract with title: Interpreting and Analyzing Electric Signals for Brain-Computer Interface of a Brain-Controlled Wheelchair using Machine Learning, and key words: Wheelchairs, Humanoid robots, Electroencephalography, Brain-computer interfaces, Real-time systems, Information technology, Biological neural networks. Abstract: In this study, a system that extracts, reads, and analyzes brain signals to convert them into usable commands, particularly for a brain-controlled wheelchair, was successfully demonstrated using machine learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique that allows scientists and engineers to read electrical signals caused by brain activity. Advancements in EEG technology allow for its implementation such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI), wherein the electronic signals gathered from the EEG are processed as commands to perform certain outputs. Analysis of electrical signals is mainly done through the use of artificial intelligence, where the results of different methods are compared to isolate the best method. These methods include the FastAI neural network, XGBoost, and the random forest model. From the results, the FastAI neural network was the most accurate, with 82% accuracy for simulated testing and an accuracy of 81% for real-time testing. As such, a system that utilizes FastAI neural network is a viable option in translating EEG signals into directional commands. |
11,556 | Please write an abstract with title: A Computational Model for CMAP and F-wave Signal Generation, and key words: Computational modeling, Signal generators, Signal analysis, Nervous system, Instruments, Medical services, Costs, Availability, Intelligent systems, Computational intelligence. Abstract: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are often carried out to evaluate patients with peripheral nervous system disorders. NCS instruments with automated waveform analysis capability could expand the accessibility of the NCS to improve overall patient care quality and to reduce health care cost. In this paper, a computer model is described for generating realistic waveforms often measured during NCS. Availability of such computational model will facilitate the rapid development of advanced signal analysis algorithms for intelligent EMG systems |
11,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecast of load aggregator dispatchable potential for counting and vehicle network interaction, and key words: Electrical engineering, Electric potential, Vehicle-to-grid, Monte Carlo methods, Predictive models, Electric vehicle charging, Dispatching. Abstract: In the day-ahead market, load aggregators can participate in market-based trading through rational scheduling of EV charging and discharging. This paper investigates the method to predict the dispatchable potential of electrical vehicle (EV) clusters under the vehicle network interaction. Firstly, a Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the charging and discharging load characteristics of EV clusters; secondly, based on the Minkowski summation Virtual Battery (VB) model, a large-scale single EV storage model is converted into a virtual storage cluster to obtain the maximum charging and discharging power and electric energy boundaries of EV clusters at a time, which can be applied by load aggregators to implement different vehicle-grid interaction strategies and to participate in day-ahead market transactions. |
11,558 | Please write an abstract with title: O<sup>3</sup>-R-CP-ABE: An Efficient and Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme in the Cloud-Assisted IoMT System, and key words: Cloud computing, Servers, Encryption, Ecosystems, Internet of Things, Telecommunications, Medical services. Abstract: With the processes of collecting, analyzing, and transmitting the data in the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) comprises the medical equipment and applications connected to the healthcare system and offers an entity with real time, remote measurement, and analysis of healthcare data. However, the IoMT ecosystem deals with some great challenges in terms of security, such as privacy leaking, eavesdropping, unauthorized access, delayed detection of life-threatening episodes, and so forth. All these negative effects seriously impede the implementation of the IoMT ecosystem. To overcome these obstacles, this article presents an efficient, outsourced online/offline revocable ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption scheme with the aid of cloud servers and blockchains in the IoMT ecosystem. Our proposal achieves the characteristics of fine-grained access control, fast encryption, outsourced decryption, user revocation, and ciphertext verification. It is noteworthy that based on the chameleon hash function, we construct the private key of the data user with collision resistance, semantically secure, and key-exposure free to achieve revocation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first protocol for a revocation mechanism by means of the chameleon hash function. Through formal analysis, it is proven to be secure in a selectively replayable chosen-ciphertext attack (RCCA) game. Finally, this scheme is implemented with the Java pairing-based cryptography library, and the simulation results demonstrate that it enables high efficiency and practicality, as well as strong reliability for the IoMT ecosystem. |
11,559 | Please write an abstract with title: Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance Systems with Extended Range, and key words: Performance evaluation, Power measurement, Meetings, Magnetic resonance, Wireless power transfer, Capacitance, Relays. Abstract: In this paper, a novel design for extending the range of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems is presented. The proposed system is based on a simple and planar loop resonator known as the U-loop. A 60 mm radius U-loop is placed between transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) elements of a Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) system. The measured results show that a CSCMR system with U-loop is able to extend the range of optimal performance from 60 mm to 120 mm, which is equivalent to the diameter of the U-loop, while maintaining a Power Transfer Efficiency (PTE) of 73% that is suitable for charging electronic devices. |
11,560 | Please write an abstract with title: MMINR: Multi-frame-to-Multi-frame Inference with Noise Resistance for Precipitation Nowcasting with Radar, and key words: Resistance, Training, Precipitation, Computational modeling, Semantics, Resists, Predictive models. Abstract: Precipitation nowcasting based on radar echo maps is essential in meteorological research. Recently, Convolutional RNNs based methods dominate this field, but they cannot be solved by parallel computation resulting in longer inference time. FCN based methods adopt a multi-frame-to-single-frame inference (MSI) strategy to avoid this problem. They feedback into the model again to predict the next time step to get multi-frame nowcasting results in the prediction phase, which will lead to the accumulation of prediction errors. In addition, precipitation noise is a crucial factor contributing to high prediction errors because of its unpredictability. To address this problem, we propose a novel Multi-frame-to-Multi-frame Inference (MMI) model with Noise Resistance (NR) named MMINR. It avoids error accumulation and resists precipitation noiseś negative effect in parallel computation. NR contains a Noise Dropout Module (NDM) and a Semantic Restore Module (SRM). NDM deliberately dropout noise simple yet efficient, and SRM supplements semantic information of features to alleviate the problem of semantic information mistakenly lost by NDM. Experimental results demonstrate that MMINR can attain competitive scores compared with other SOTAs. The ablation experiments show that the proposed NDM and SRM can solve the aforementioned problems. |
11,561 | Please write an abstract with title: Pedagogy of integrated thermal-fluid experiments in WPI's Discovery Classroom, and key words: Technological innovation, Problem-solving, Portable computers, Thermal engineering, Water conservation, Mobile computing, Appraisal, Computer graphics, Equations, Fluid dynamics. Abstract: Novel classroom techniques have been previously implemented in thermal-fluid courses at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). These innovations utilize the Discovery Classroom, where a multi-media classroom, mobile experiments, and student laptop computers are combined. In this approach, real-time quantitative data from experiments performed directly in class are compared to concurrently developed theory during EXCITE problems (example problems combining in-class theory and experiments). In this paper, we focus on pedagogical issues associated with the use of the EXCITE problems. It is shown that improved problem-solving techniques can be introduced to engineering students due to the unique nature of the EXCITE problems. These techniques are intended to help students develop enhanced problem-solving skills and a better ability to communicate physical concepts and trends. |
11,562 | Please write an abstract with title: Speed-aware resource allocation and transmission scheme for the uplink channel of highly mobile MC-CDMA systems, and key words: Resource management, Multicarrier code division multiple access, Multiaccess communication, Bandwidth, Interference, OFDM, Radio spectrum management, Mobile communication, Fading, Transmitters. Abstract: We propose a new transmission and resource allocation technique based on multicarrier direct-sequence CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA). The proposed system allocates subcarriers and spreading codes to users by considering their current bandwidth requirements and frequency shifts caused by their movement. Through the use of low-correlation spreading codes in close subcarriers the scheme reduces the inter-carrier interference generated by high-speed users while keeping the inter-symbol interference at a low level due to the multicarrier transmission. The analysis and results show that a substantial mitigation of both the intercarrier interference and bit error ratio, without reducing the system bandwidth efficiency, can be achieved. That makes our proposed method a good candidate for future broadband highly-mobile networks. |
11,563 | Please write an abstract with title: Scattering of Quantum Light by a Perfectly Conducting Cylinder, and key words: Quantization (signal), Quantum entanglement, Electromagnetic scattering, Quantum state, Sensors, Electromagnetic fields, Antennas. Abstract: We consider transformation of quantum states of electromagnetic field by scattering from a perfectly conducting cylinder with a circular cross-section. We introduce a quantization technique for the scattered field, and demonstrate how quantumness (in particular, entanglement) of field states is transferred to the scattered field. The obtained results may be useful for designing quantum antennas and for quantum-enhanced far-field sensing, i.e., quantum lidars/radars. |
11,564 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Objective VSC Intelligent Control Strategy Applied to PV-BESS-Grid System for Single-Phase Critical Load Applications, and key words: Current control, Frequency-domain analysis, Adaptive filters, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Steady-state, Batteries. Abstract: In this research paper a single-phase, Multi-Mode operated combination of solar Photo Voltaic (PV), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) connected to grid through a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) has been realised. The operation Modes include Grid Connected Mode (GCM), Islanded Mode (IM) and Night Mode (NM) respectively. GCM and IM involve power generation from PV whereas in NM there is no power generated from the PV side. An intelligent master control strategy is proposed for smooth operation at steady state and seamless transition from mode to mode respectively. Least Mean Fourth (LMF), fourth-order adaptive filter algorithm is utilised to extract the fundamental weight component of the load current. A synchronising controller is utilised to isolate/reconnect the utility mains smoothly on grid-outage/grid-restoration. Proportional Resonant (PR) compensator based direct VSC current control strategy is employed to regulate the grid current under surplus/deficit power situations of PV when in GCM operation of VSC. The Multi-Loop Inductor current feedback with Load Current Feedforward (MILF) PR controller with harmonic compensator (HC) voltage control strategy is utilised to maintain load voltage amplitude, frequency and quality when at IM. A dual-loop control strategy ensures regulation of DC link and charging/discharging of BESS under surplus/deficit power situations respectively, when the system operates in GCM. State-Of-Charge (SOC) of BESS gets monitored through the same dual-loop DC/DC converter control so as to protect it from overcharging/deep-discharging conditions. The proposed system stability is analysed in frequency domain. The prime objective of the proposed system is to supply continuous power to critical loads under different operating conditions. The performance of the proposed system is realised in MATLAB environment in Discrete-Time Frame (DTF) using Simulink and Sim Power System (SPS) toolboxes when the converters are operated with a switching frequency of 10kHz, respectively. |
11,565 | Please write an abstract with title: Attack-Resilient Lateral Stability Control for Four-Wheel-Driven EVs Considering Changed Driver Behavior Under Cyber Threats, and key words: Vehicles, Tires, Vehicle dynamics, Delays, Control systems, Steering systems, Predictive models. Abstract: This article presents an attack-resilient lateral stability control design approach for four-wheel-driven electric vehicles to enhance the cyber-physical security of the steering system. Specifically, this work examines cyberattacks on the steering angle, which is considered one of the most safety-critical signals in vehicles. First, a robust predictive controller is designed to mitigate the impact of cyberattacks, which carries a low computational burden, making it applicable for real-time applications. Second, by developing a collaborative mechanism between the attack-resilient controller and the human driver’s action, the proposed method considers the altered driver behavior during cyber threats, e.g., enlarged driver’s neural response delay and muscle action delay, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been examined before. Third, the lateral dynamics model and the driver model are verified by experimental results under a production vehicle, based on which the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed attack-resilient control methodology are demonstrated. |
11,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Indoor Positioning for Low-Cost IoT Devices, and key words: Wireless communication, Education, Satellite navigation systems, Hardware, Mobile nodes. Abstract: Precise positioning is traditionally accomplished by ground- or satellite-based navigation systems, but these are not usually available indoors. Indoor positioning systems have been demonstrated that rely on hardware normally used for wireless communication. These are either imprecise or require the use of costly high-performance hardware. We demonstrate the feasibility of decimeter-level precision for indoor positioning with the use of cost-optimized hardware specific to IoT nodes. |
11,567 | Please write an abstract with title: Instability Induced Modulation of Solitons in a Linear and Nonlinear Regime Of Strongly Dispersive Positron Beam Driven Plasma, and key words: Electron beam applications, Thermodynamics, Schrodinger equation, Solitons, Positrons, Ions, Plasmas. Abstract: Our objective is to study the linear and nonlinear behaviour of modulated envelope solitons using Schrodinger equation and considering the contribution of higher order terms for strongly dispersive case in a three component plasma constituting electrons, positron beams and warm ions. Here, the warm ions are assumed as an inertial fluid, the electrons and positron beams are considered to be in Maxwellian state, defined by the state of thermodynamic equilibrium in space plasma. In the analysis, it is exhibited that the lower & higher order expansion terms are governed by nonlinear & linear Schrodinger equation respectively derived via a modified reductive perturbation method. In this system, the dynamics of the modulated waves are described by a varying dissipative Schrodinger equation, derived by using the concept of a scale parameter 'g’ into a power series of the smallest parameter ∊ which considers a dissipative term in association with the finite imaginary part of the nonlinearity term. Our work elucidates formation of progressive wave solution, steady state solution along with a class of periodic solutions for which the real and imaginary parts are linearly exhibited. Results from numerical simulation confirm the predictions of stability and instability criteria, bright and dark solitons, breather like soliton, kink and anti-kink solitons and also exhibit definite forms for these solutions from first to fourth order. Our analytical predictions may be useful in the investigations of various space plasmas. |
11,568 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Resilience Indicators in Corporate Networks and Possible Ways to Improve It, and key words: Systematics, Digital transformation, Focusing, Reliability engineering, Software, Hardware, Power systems. Abstract: Data transmission networks are currently one of the important elements for ensuring uninterrupted and reliable daily operations of enterprises, in particular, and the global economy as a whole. Corporate networks can be characterized as one of the most important infrastructures on which the vital activity of society depends, along with transport infrastructure, electric power, etc. In addition, many of these infrastructures depend on each other. A modern corporate network is an information and communications system that unites all functional divisions of an enterprise into a single information space, regardless of their location, to ensure the effective functioning of information infrastructure and business processes. A properly designed and configured network ensures reliable and continuous operation of business processes, as well as user interaction, regardless of where they are located. At the same time, when designing and operating networks, attention is not always paid to such important indicators as sustainability, reliability and survivability, which can lead to extremely negative consequences for both the functioning of the corporate network and the enterprise itself. In this publication, an attempt is made to form a strategy to increase the resilience of corporate networks. |
11,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Endurance and targeted programming behavior of HfO<inf>2</inf>-FeFETs, and key words: Degradation, Correlation, Delay effects, Scalability, Programming, Hafnium oxide, Delays. Abstract: In this paper, recent advances on the development of Hafnium oxide (HfO2)-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) are shown with respect to its memory window, trapping behavior and endurance characteristics. Although this novel ferroelectric memory cell shows superior characteristics such as device scalability, CMOS compatibility, fast access time and low power operation, the challenges for HfO2-based FeFET device lie with device variability and endurance. To investigate endurance failure in relation to charge trapping, different time delays were introduced to allow for detrapping of charges leading to improved endurance behavior. Besides the continuous improvements in process technology which minimize trap densities, we here demonstrate a mitigation of device variability, using a targeted programming scheme, with which a significantly lower device variability is achieved. |
11,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Doubly Fed Flux-Reversal Permanent Magnet Machines With Different PM Arrangements and Consequent-Pole Topologies, and key words: Rotors, Stator windings, Torque, Windings, Couplings, Copper. Abstract: In this article, two doubly fed (DF) flux-reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machines with different PM arrangements are proposed, both of which have an additional set of armature winding in their rotor slots to further enhance the torque performance. Together with their one-set armature winding counterparts, comprehensive analyses and comparison among these four machines are conducted. The operation principles and winding configurations of these four machines are firstly introduced. Then, based on finite-element (FE) method, the electromagnetic performances of four machines after optimization with the purpose of maximum torque are compared in terms of no-load, on-load, and over-load capabilities. The results show that the DF-FRPM machine with consequent-pole structure offers the highest average torque and lowest torque ripple, which make it a promising candidate for low-speed and high-torque applications. A prototype machine has been manufactured and the FE results have been verified. |
11,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Low phase noise optical pulse train based on a phase modulated optoelectronic oscillator, and key words: Optical fiber amplifiers, Stimulated emission, Phase modulation, Optical propagation, Optical amplifiers, Optical noise, Optical modulation. Abstract: We report on preliminary study of a phase-modulated optoelectronic oscillator in which the conversion from phase to amplitude modulation is simply performed through dispersion of the optical fiber in the loop. Under strong phase modulation, oscillation occurs after the signal propagation though a few km of standard optical fiber, providing broad optical spectrum and a train of 5 ps optical pulses at 10 GHz with low phase noise. The impact of the fiber length on optical and RF performances is experimentally studied. |
11,572 | Please write an abstract with title: Band Selection for HSI Classification Using Binary Constrained Optimization, and key words: Optimization, Hyperspectral imaging, Task analysis, Training, Data visualization, Training data, Geoscience and remote sensing. Abstract: Hyperspectral images (HSIs) containing tens to hundreds of bands can be used in various image classification tasks. However, due to the high data redundancy of the spectral information, the acquiring and analysis of HSIs are usually relatively time-consuming and wasteful of storage space, and therefore limit the practical application of HSIs. Selecting a subset of bands without sacrificing classification accuracy is a strategy to relieve such problems. In this letter, we present an optimization-based method, which can jointly optimize the band selection (BS) and the classification network parameters for HSIs. The proposed method regards the discrete selection problem as a continuous constrained optimization problem and adaptively selects the informative band subsets for classification. Besides, the experimental results on three public datasets show that our BS method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy. |
11,573 | Please write an abstract with title: Safe Reachability Verification of Nonlinear Switched Systems via a Barrier Density, and key words: Switches, Switched systems, Safety, Autonomous systems, Programming, Density functional theory. Abstract: We study temporal properties of dynamical systems; specifically, we strive to determine a set of initial states that leads the solutions to reach desired states avoiding a predetermined unsafe set. This property, which we call safe reachability, has been studied in literature for autonomous systems using barrier function and Barrier densities [1]. In this paper, we generalize a sufficient condition for safe reachability of autonomous system to switched systems under arbitrary switching signals. The condition relies upon the existence of a common Barrier density function for each subsystem. We apply the condition using the sum of squares method together with Putinar Positivstellensatz. |
11,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Qubit Transmission Techniques, and key words: Quantum entanglement, Qubit, Memory management, Cloning, Information processing, Logic gates, Teleportation. Abstract: Quantum technology has advanced and has found its application in various fields. Research efforts are been made in realization of quantum networks which would enable transmission of quantum information in terms of qubits. Qubit transmission has unique challenges due to quantum properties. This study proposes to use CNOT gates for qubit transmission, and also based on the discussion and experiments conducted in the study a comparison between quantum teleportation, quantum entanglement swapping and CNOT gates is made for qubit transmission in a quantum network. |
11,575 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of hysteresis for a smart actuator by using the Preisach (P) operator, and key words: Hysteresis, Intelligent actuators, Chaos, Frequency. Abstract: The application of Preisach (P) operator to modeling and identification for hysteresis of a smart actuator is studied. The relationship between the discretization level L of the P plane and model accuracy shows that the higher the level, the higher the accuracy. It is shown by simulation that accurate identification results can be obtained with a P operator when the input frequency is below 5 Hz. |
11,576 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Coupled Dielectric Waveguide and its Variants for Millimeter-Wave Applications, and key words: Tellurium, Millimeter wave technology, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Equations, Millimeter wave integrated circuits, Dielectric constant, Impedance, Coupling circuits, Frequency. Abstract: The characteristic equations of hybrid TM and TE modes for a generalized coupled dielectric waveguide are derived using the mode-matching technique. From the characteristic equations of the generalized coupled dieketric waveguide, the phase constant, wave impedance, and field distribution can be evaluated. A variety of single and coupled dielectric waveguides can be obtained by assigning proper parameter values to the generalized coupled dielectric waveguide. |
11,577 | Please write an abstract with title: A MIMO system with backward compatibility for OFDM based WLANs, and key words: MIMO, OFDM, Frequency estimation, Frequency division multiplexing, Wireless LAN, Receiving antennas, Timing, Viterbi algorithm, Decoding, Parameter estimation. Abstract: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been selected as the basis for the new IEEE 802.11a standard for high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs). We consider doubling the data rate of the IEEE 802.11a system by using a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with two transmit and two receive antennas. We propose a preamble design for this MIMO system that is backward compatible with its single-input single-output (SISO) counterpart as specified by the IEEE 802.11a standard. Based on this preamble design, we devise a sequential method for the estimation of the carrier frequency offset (CFO), symbol timing, and channel response. We also provide a simple soft-detector to obtain the soft-information for the Viterbi decoder. Both the sequential parameter estimation method and the soft-detector are ideally suited for real-time implementations. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated via numerical examples. |
11,578 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Ferrite Al-Ni-Co PM Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Air-Conditioner Compressors, and key words: Ferrites, Magnetic flux, Induction motors, Variable speed drives, Permanent magnet motors, Compressors, Permanent magnets. Abstract: Energy efficiency of electric motors is one of the major concerns in the present day world, since they contribute to the majority of energy demand. Air-conditioners form a bulk of this energy demand and their usage is increasing day by day due to the global warming. Usually Induction Motors (IMs) are used in air-conditioner compressors. To meet the new efficiency standards, variable speed drives are being explored. However, IMs have lower efficiency especially under part-load conditions. Permanent Magnet (PM) motors have higher efficiency under wide load conditions, however, their initial cost is high. Hence, magnet-assisted machines like PM assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMa-SyRMs) are gaining interest for variable speed air-conditioner compressors. In this paper, a hybrid Ferrite Al-Ni-Co PM assisted SyRM (FA PMa-SyRM) is proposed for an air-conditioner compressor. In addition, demagnetization issues of these PMs are investigated. 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is carried-out and the results are presented. |
11,579 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of received power estimation for power control in CDMA systems, and key words: Power control, Multiaccess communication, Bit error rate, Fading, Power system modeling, Background noise, Matched filters, Power engineering and energy, Multimedia systems, Control system synthesis. Abstract: Transmitter power control is an effective scheme to improve the performance of cellular DS/CDMA systems. In the reverse link, time-multiplexed pilot symbols are used to assist the estimation of received signal power in order to improve the performance of power control. In this paper, two different approaches for received power estimation in power controlled CDMA systems are proposed and compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) by means of analytical and simulation studies. The first power estimator uses a simple sample average and the second power estimator uses a minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter approach. The MMSE approach requires knowledge of the Doppler spread and the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Comparison of the performance of the two power estimators is done with respect to deviations in the SIR and Doppler spread as used for the design of the MMSE filter, from their nominal values. Analysis results show that when the MMSE filter approach is used, BER can be further improved as compared to the simple sample average power estimator. |
11,580 | Please write an abstract with title: Training of Generative Adversarial Networks using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Training, Image synthesis, Neural networks, Optimization methods, Graphics processing units, Generative adversarial networks, Stability analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based solution is proposed for the training of generative adversarial networks (GANs). Conventional GAN networks take around 5x times more number of iterations to generate plausible images compared to the proposed method, thereby increasing the simulation time and decreasing the Frechet Inception Distance (FID) score. To overcome the problems of non-convergence and mode collapse associated with the conventional GANs, proposed work uses a PSO algorithm to stabilize the inertia weights during the training duration followed by conventional optimization method for the remaining iterations. The proposed solution is implemented on Nvidia Tesla VI00-PCIE-16GB GPU, using tensorflow and keras. The efficiency of the proposed solution is verified using MNIST dataset. The results showed that the iteration at which images are generated for the proposed method is faster as compared to the conventional GAN architectures, quantified with lower FID score. |
11,581 | Please write an abstract with title: Silicon Waveguide Frequency Scanning Linear Array Antenna, and key words: Linear antenna arrays, Silicon, Frequency, Optical waveguides, Dielectrics, Electromagnetic waveguides, Rectangular waveguides, Optical filters, Optical ring resonators, Horn antennas. Abstract: The design and experimental findings of a novel approach a relatively simple low-cost frequency-scanning milliter-wave antenna are described. The antenna consists of a silicon dielectric rectangular rod with periodic metallic stripe perturbations on one side. The feasibility of electronically scanning through a range of angles by varying the frequency fed into the silicon rod is shown. CalcuIations were made to determine the allowable physical size of the silicon rod in order to maintain a single fundamental mode of operation and the effect which size variations and perturbation spacing have on the angle of radiation and the range of angular scan for a given frequency shift. Efforts covered the frequency range 55-100 GHz with specific points of interest at 60, 70, and 94 GHz. The results of the experiments conducted are compared with the theoretical calculations. |
11,582 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.8-V 2.4/5.15-GHz dual-band LCVCO in 0.18-μm CMOS technology, and key words: CMOS technology, Dual band, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Frequency, Circuits, Varactors, Tuning, Inductors, CMOS process, Voltage. Abstract: A dual band, fully integrated, low phase-noise and low-power LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operating at the 2.4-GHz industrial scientific and medical band and 5.15-GHz unlicensed national information infrastructure band has been demonstrated in an 0.18-μm CMOS process. At 1.8-V power supply voltage, the power dissipation is only 5.4mW for a 2.4-GHz band and 8mW for a 5.15-GHz band. The proposed VCO features phase-noise of -135dBc/Hz at 3-MHz offset frequency away from the carrier frequency of 2.74GHz and -126dBc/Hz at 3-MHz offset frequency away from 5.49GHz. The oscillator is tuned from 2.2 to 2.85GHz in the low band (2.4-GHz band) and from 4.4 to 5.7GHz in the high band (5.15-GHz band). |
11,583 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time predefined shape cutaway with parametric boundaries, and key words: Orthopedic surgery, Shape control, Surges, Skin, Educational institutions, Information systems, Visualization, Apertures, Solids, Application software. Abstract: Cutting away part of a 3D outer surface to show some interior objects hidden beneath if can play an important role in visualization and technical illustration. Previous work includes cutaway using rules and Alpha blending employed to achieve an appearance of cutaway drawings. These methods have mainly aimed at showing the presence of the interior objects, and the shape of the hole has been considerably less important than the visibility of the interior objects. However, in some applications, it may be important for the shape of the hole to have particular properties. Our example comes from orthopaedic surgery and the shape of the aperture should represent the shape of the incision made by the surgeon when retractors are applied to it to give access to the tissue beneath. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to cutting a hole of a specific shape in a surface consisting of a 3D polygonal mesh. The user first defines the required shape on the surface; the algorithm then superimposes the shape on the surface and implements the cutaway. Jittering problems associated with the boundary generated by the above steps are resolved and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm. |
11,584 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Baseline: a new MIN with fault-tolerance characteristic, and key words: Fault tolerance, Costs, Switches, Routing, Multiprocessor interconnection networks, Scalability, Very large scale integration, Concurrent computing, Computer science, Parallel processing. Abstract: On the basis of the idea of the Delta network and the Baseline network, a new type of MIN, Advanced Baseline network, which using 4/spl times/4 switches, is proposed. In this paper it is proved that 4/spl times/4 switches have the better performance/cost ratios than 2/spl times/2 switches based on the current level of the VLSI technology. This paper expounds its topological properties and routing techniques and makes performance/ratios comparisons. And furthermore a fault-tolerance Advanced Baseline network is discussed in detail, which has a good reliability in complex parallel systems. |
11,585 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic synthesis of dynamic fault trees from UML system models, and key words: Fault trees, Unified modeling language, Object oriented modeling, Power system modeling, Information analysis, Redundancy, Reliability, Algorithm design and analysis, System analysis and design, Architecture description languages. Abstract: The reliability of a computer-based system may be as important as its performance and its correctness of computation. It is worthwhile to estimate system reliability at the conceptual design stage, since reliability can influence the subsequent design decisions and may often be pivotal for making trade-offs or in establishing system cost. In this paper we describe a framework for modeling computer-based systems, based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), that facilitates automated dependability analysis during design. An algorithm to automatically synthesize dynamic fault trees (DFTs) from the UML system model is developed. We succeed both in embedding information needed for reliability analysis within the system model and in generating the DFT Thereafter, we evaluate our approach using examples of real systems. We analytically compute system unreliability from the algorithmically developed DFT and we compare our results with the analytical solution of manually developed DFTs. Our solutions produce the same results as manually generated DFTs. |
11,586 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching Competencies in Information, Communication and Active Methodologies for the Development of Learning Ecologies in Higher Education, and key words: Training, Systematics, Instruments, Bibliographies, Medical services, Ecology, Proposals. Abstract: Within the framework of a doctoral project, a research proposal on teaching competencies in information, communication and active methodologies for the development of learning ecologies is presented in a case of higher education in Uruguay. The objective pursued by the research is exposed, which is to build a map of teaching competencies for the aforementioned conditions as well as to develop a proposal for teacher training for them. The main basic theoretical axes are mentioned: information society and digital culture; learning ecologies; information literacy, information and communication competencies; active methodologies. The methodological strategy and the different information gathering instruments (systematic literature review, survey, interview) are also presented. The expected results of the proposed research are mentioned. |
11,587 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultralow-threshold sapphire substrate-bonded top-emitting 850-nm VCSEL array, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical arrays, Apertures, Driver circuits, Substrates, Gallium arsenide, Distributed Bragg reflectors, Packaging, Optical transmitters, Bonding processes. Abstract: Oxide-confined top-emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VCSEL) 8 × 8 arrays were designed and fabricated with ultralow thresholds. The arrays were flip-chip bonded onto sapphire substrates and mounted in pin-grid-array packages as optical transmitter arrays. By using the offset-contact bonding process, we were able to obtain very high yield for hybridized devices without damaging the VCSEL mesas. Room-temperature lasing thresholds below 70 μA were found from some of these packaged VCSELs with measured oxide apertures 2.6 μm in diameter. The emission spectrum at an injection current of 70 μA showed a full-width at half-maximum linewidth of less than 2.5 A. Polarization properties were also confirmed from the output of the device. The superior performance was attributed to the optimized size and placement of the confinement aperture and the precise alignment of the gain profile of the active region to the mode of the resonant cavity. |
11,588 | Please write an abstract with title: The Role of Data and Technology in Promoting Big Data Analytics Capability, and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Cloud computing, Systematics, Globalization, Big Data, Internet of Things. Abstract: Industry Revolution 4.0 has brought the biggest impact, challenges and opportunities to firms. The firms are urged to adopt cloud computing, big data analytics (BDA) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to serve their customers effectively and remain competitive in the market. BDA has turned out to be the most significant topic in the practical and academic fields due to the mode of globalization give rise to a large quantity of data that is generated in the global business. However, the study of big data analytics capability (BDAC) in Malaysia is even so scarce. Therefore, many Malaysian firms do not know how to start leveraging data and technology to improve their business. This study thus analyzes the role of data and technology in promoting BDAC among Malaysian firms with the underpinning of Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. A quantitative study with systematic sampling was carried out by using a self-administered survey to collect the data in Malaysia. The findings indicated that amongst the eight dimensions of data and technology variables, the respondents showed a greater appreciation for the data variable, as the majority of the respondents agreed on all of the relevant measurement items for this dimension. The implications of the study to both policymakers and market practitioners have been discussed in this article, and lastly, the known limitations of the research limitations, as well as recommendations for future study have been detailed. |
11,589 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Key Agreement and Authentication Protocol for Smart Homes, and key words: Privacy, Protocols, Costs, Authentication, Smart homes, Elliptic curve cryptography, Blockchains. Abstract: Sensitive and private information flows over smart home networks and it is therefore paramount that proper authentication be accomplished among the communicating entities. To achieve this, schemes based on techniques such as elliptic curve cryptography, public key cryptosystem, digital certificates, blockchains and bilinear pairing operations have been presented. However, these schemes either incur high computation and communication costs or do not consider most common attack scenarios in smart homes. In this paper, a protocol that leverages on lightweight XOR and hashing operations is developed. Security analysis using BAN logic shows that this protocol ensures secure mutual authentication among the communicating entities. It is also shown to be resilient against traceability, privacy, de-synchronization, stolen smart home device, session hijacking, man-in-the-middle, packet replay and insider attacks. In addition, it provides perfect forward key secrecy and exhibits average computation and communication overheads compared with its peers. |
11,590 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight set buffer: low power data cache for multimedia application, and key words: Application software, Computer science, Hardware, Permission, Switches, Data engineering, Power engineering and energy, Power dissipation, Degradation, Buffer storage. Abstract: A new architectural technique to reduce power dissipation in data caches is proposed. In multimedia applications, a major portion of data cache accesses hit in the same cache set continuously before going to a different set. This feature allows us to remove unnecessary driving power in data arrays as long as the same cache set is accessed incessantly. Power saving is achieved through buffering and accessing the cache set instead of the main data array. The proposed technique does not incur performance degradation and accomplishes up to 57% of power reduction for data caches. |
11,591 | Please write an abstract with title: Sliding mode approach to PWM-controlled pneumatic systems, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Pneumatic systems, Control design, Control system synthesis, Sliding mode control, Robust stability, Control system analysis, Machinery, Bandwidth, Control systems. Abstract: This paper presents a modeling and control design method for PWM-controlled pneumatic systems. Difficulties associated with servovalves typically used to continuously control pneumatic systems, in addition to a general lack,of analytic control design techniques available for MW controlled pneumatic systems, motivate the development, of a modeling and control design technique for PWM pneumatics. Specifically, the method presented here is to model a PWM-based pneumatic system using a state-space averaging approach. This provides the analytic machinery necessary to remove the discontinuities associated with switching and results in a model tractable to standard nonlinear control design techniques. Thereby, issues such as stability robustness and performance bandwidth may be addressed directly. The control of a single degree of freedom pneumatic positioning system illustrates this technique experimentally. |
11,592 | Please write an abstract with title: Sitting Posture Detection System Based on Keras Framework, and key words: Training, Pressure sensors, Deep learning, Analytical models, Layout, Predictive models, Sensor systems and applications. Abstract: Aiming at a low-power embedded real-time sitting posture detection system, a real-time sitting posture detection system based on deep learning is designed. The system obtains the pressure of the sitting posture of the human body through a thin-film pressure sensor and the human body pressure in different sitting postures is collected and analyzed, and an analysis model is established under the Keras framework. Burn the model into STM32 through cubemax to realize real-time collection, analysis and detection of human sitting posture. Finally, the communication between the STM32 and the Android application is realized through the MQTT protocol, which realizes the real-time detection and discrimination of the sitting posture and gives the relevant sitting posture correction prompts. |
11,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of the tensor voting technique for perceptual grouping to grey-level images: quantitative evaluation, and key words: Tensile stress, Voting, TV, Testing, Noise robustness, Gabor filters, Application software, Computer science, Machine vision, Psychology. Abstract: This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of the application of the perceptual grouping method known as tensor voting to grey-level images. For that purpose, we have introduced the use of local orientation tensors computed from a set of Gabor filters. While inputs formerly consisted of binary images or sparse edgel maps, we use oriented input tokens and the locations of junctions from images as input to the perceptual grouping. Here, we introduce a benchmark test to estimate the precision of our method with regards to angular and positional error. Results on these test images show that the computation of the tensorial input tokens is highly precise and robust against noise. Both aspects arc further improved by the subsequent grouping process. |
11,594 | Please write an abstract with title: Localization and snaking in axially compressed and internally pressurized thin cylindrical shells, and key words: nonlinear mechanics, shell buckling, pattern formation. Abstract: This paper uncovers new manifestations of the homoclinic snaking mechanism in the post-buckling regime of a pressurized thin cylindrical shell under axial load. These new forms tend to propagate either wholly or partially in a direction that is orthogonal to the direction of the applied load and so, unlike earlier forms in Woods & Champneys (1999, Heteroclinic tangles in the unfolding of a degenerate Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation. Phys. D, 129, 147–170), are fundamentally 2D in nature. The main effect of internal pressurization on the snaking mechanism is firstly to transition the circumferential multiplication of buckles from a one-tier pattern to a three-tier pattern. Secondly, internal pressurization can induce oblique snaking, whereby the sequential multiplication of buckles occurs in a helical pattern across the cylinder domain. For low levels of internal pressure, the single dimple remains—as in the unpressurized case—the unstable edge state that forms the smallest energy barrier around the stable pre-buckling equilibrium. For greater levels of pressure, the edge state changes to a single dimple surrounded by four smaller dimples. By tracing the limit point that denotes the onset of these edge states in the parameter space of internal pressure and axial load, we justify and validate the empirically derived design guideline for buckling of pressurized cylinders proposed by Fung & Sechler (1957, Buckling of thin-walled circular cylinders under axial compression and internal pressure. J. Aeronaut. Sci., 24, 351–356). |
11,595 | Please write an abstract with title: A Computational Framework for Lithium Ion Cell-Level Model Predictive Control Using a Physics-Based Reduced-Order Model, and key words: Degradation, Lithium-ion batteries, Navigation, Predictive models, Plating, Lithium, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Most state-of-the art battery-control strategies rely on voltage-based design limits to address performance and lifetime concerns. Such approaches are inherently conservative. However, by exploiting internal electrochemical quantities, it is possible to control battery performance right up to true physical bounds. This paper develops an extensible framework that combines model predictive control (MPC) with computationally efficient realization algorithm (xRA)-generated reduced-order electrochemical models for the advanced control of lithium-ion batteries. The approach is demonstrated on the fast-charge problem where hard constraints are imposed on problem variables to avoid lithium plating induced performance degradation. This work establishes a general mathematical foundation for the incorporation of electrochemically rich reduced-order models directly into an MPC framework. |
11,596 | Please write an abstract with title: SAR-to-Optical Image Translation Using SSIM Loss Based Unpaired GAN, and key words: Optical losses, Integrated optics, Generative adversarial networks, Optical imaging, Loss measurement, Radar polarimetry, Optical reflection. Abstract: The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image can be acquired regardless of weather condition and time through radar reflection. However, visual effects and observations of the SAR image is difficult due to single channel information and speckle noise. In this paper, we present the disadvantage that cycle-consistency loss focuses only on texture based on the CycleGAN, and propose to apply the dual contrastive learning GAN (DCLGAN) that maximizes mutual information between SAR and optical images by learning the correlation of image patches. Also, we propose a method to apply the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) loss instead of cycle-consistency loss to address the lack of expressiveness by emphasizing structural features. The proposed DCLGAN eliminates cycle-consistency loss of CycleGAN and maximizes mutual information through contrastive learning to translates unpaired SAR-optical images. In addition, the proposed SSIM loss helps translate the SAR-optimal image by recognizing perceived changes in structural information. We confirm the performance through comparative experiments with existing models to verify unpaired SAR-to-optical image translation. |
11,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Credit Evaluation Model for High-Dimensional Imbalanced Data, and key words: Training, Machine learning algorithms, Computational modeling, Perturbation methods, Machine learning, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: With the rapid development of credit consumption, credit evaluation model has become the key for enterprises to avoid risks and develop credit business. Real credit data often have the characteristics of high dimensionality and class imbalance. In view of the characteristics of credit data in real scenarios, this paper combines an unsupervised clustering algorithm and machine learning classification methods to establish a multi-stage credit evaluation model that can better predict real credit data. The model can effectively process high-dimensional data features, and resampling according to the data distribution to construct multiple balanced subsets. Different training subsets and parameter perturbations are used to train different base classifiers, and multiple base classifiers are combined in the ensemble model by soft voting mechanism. By studying different classification algorithms and resampling methods, this paper compares and analyzes their effects on the overall performance of the credit evaluation model. The experimental results show that the performance of the credit evaluation model proposed in this paper is better than the benchmark models on AUC, Type I error and G-mean, and it is more suitable for forecasting high-dimensional imbalanced data. |
11,598 | Please write an abstract with title: RDF aggregate queries and views, and key words: Resource description framework, Aggregates, Relational databases, Computer aided analysis, XML, Spatial databases, Ambient intelligence, Computer science, Educational institutions, Web pages. Abstract: Resource description framework (RDF) is a rapidly expanding Web standard. RDF databases attempt to track the massive amounts of Web data and services available. In this paper, we study the problem of aggregate queries. We develop an algorithm to compute answers to aggregate queries over RDF databases and algorithms to maintain views involving those aggregates. Though RDF data can be stored in a standard relational DBMS (and hence we can execute standard relational aggregate queries and view maintenance methods on them), we show experimentally that our algorithms that operate directly on the RDF representation exhibit significantly superior performance. |
11,599 | Please write an abstract with title: A Difference-Microvariation Solution and Analytical Model for Generic HEMTs, and key words: MODFETs, HEMTs, Mathematical models, Analytical models, Voltage, Logic gates, Numerical models. Abstract: An analytical dc model of AlGaN/GaN and AlGaAs/GaAs-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is proposed, while the charge accumulated in the barrier layer at high gate biases voltage is taken into account. To break through the bottleneck problem of solving model accurately and efficiently, an improved difference-microvariation (DM) explicit algorithm is developed to solve the complex transcendental equations of Fermi level and surface potential in the physical model, including two important subbands in a triangular potential well. Compared with the existing analytical surface potential-based algorithms, the DM algorithm quantifies the high-order component and obtains a more precise solution. The universality and accuracy of the model and DM solutions are verified against numerical results and experimental data under a wide range of operation region, which proves that the model combined with DM method is expected to become the suitable simulation tools for generic heterojunction HEMTs. |
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