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11,300 | Please write an abstract with title: Mining, and key words: Bitcoin, Data mining, Proof of Work, Costs, Investment, Business, Writing. Abstract: Mining is a fairly straightforward process that usually uses specialist equipment to solve hashing problems. It is unlikely that investigators will stumble across a crime that involves mining specifically, but they could get involved in investigating fraudulent mining software, power stealing, or other crimes. Proof‐of‐work is the concept of finding the solution to a hashing problem. In 2018, Ethereum developers are looking to implement proof‐of‐stake to replace proof‐of‐work. Proof‐of‐stake is more environmentally friendly. Although not strictly mining fraud, several software tools are available for free download that purport to do coin mining. For years, criminals have been siphoning power from neighbors or straight from the grid to provide the lighting and heating for growing marijuana. The same process of stealing power could be very useful to a cryptocurrency miner because it would remove a significant proportion of the cost of mining. |
11,301 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable Slip Control With Torque Vectoring Including Input-to-State Stability Analysis, and key words: Wheels, Torque, Electric motors, Mechanical power transmission, Vehicle dynamics, Control systems, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Electric motors offer new opportunities and challenges for wheel slip control and improve performance during accelerating, braking, and dynamic cornering. This work proposes a robust slip control system for electric vehicles. The system is suitable for a driven axle with two electric motors or a single electric motor and an electronically controlled differential. The torque is controlled individually for each wheel, enabling lateral torque distribution. The control design considers the torsional dynamics of the drive shafts and is performed via input–output linearization. The internal dynamics and the overall closed-loop system are analyzed regarding input-to-state stability. The approach is implemented on a prototype vehicle with two electric motors on the rear axle. The control performance is experimentally analyzed for accelerating on a road with different road surfaces on the left- and right-hand sides. The results show good tracking behavior, oscillation damping, disturbance attenuation, and robustness for various setpoints. The presented slip controller can be combined with high-level control systems to further shape the driving behavior. |
11,302 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Turbo Equalization for Differential OFDM Systems in Underwater Acoustic Communications, and key words: OFDM, Encoding, Demodulation, Zirconium, Equalizers, Adaptive systems, Decoding. Abstract: In this correspondence paper, an adaptive turbo equalizer for differential OFDM systems in underwater acoustic communications is proposed. This scheme first reconstructs the demodulation symbols using the soft information fed back from the channel decoder, and then eliminates the residual intercarrier interference (ICI) induced by estimated symbols using an adaptive turbo equalizer. Moreover, a pilot-based differential encoding method is presented to mitigate the impact of the feedback error, thereby improving the convergence of turbo equalization. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed equalizer outperforms the linear minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimation-based turbo equalizer for coherent systems in medium-to-high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, while enjoys significantly reduced computational complexity, and its performance is more robust against the change of Doppler frequency. |
11,303 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of IMC based PID Controller for a Twin Rotor MIMO System, and key words: Transmission line measurements, Mathematical model, Autoregressive processes, Rotors, Robustness, MIMO communication, Real-time systems. Abstract: Twin Rotor Multi Input Multi Output system has become more popular in the research community in view of designing new controllers for many real world systems such as aircraft and helicopter systems. However, because of the external disturbances, model uncertainties and inherent cross-coupling effects, designing a suitable controller for such system becomes a challenging task. In this paper, an Internal Model Control (IMC) based PID controller is designed for the TRMS with One degree of freedom (1-DOF). Its performance is compared with that of conventional PID and LQR-LMI based PID controller. From the obtained results, it is confirmed that IMC based PID controller exhibits superior performance than the other two PIDs, in terms of improved attitude angle tracking and disturbance rejection ability. |
11,304 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a New 21-Bus Test Power System for Teaching Purposes and Stability Studies using Digsilent Powerfactory, and key words: Analytical models, Power system dynamics, Education, Power system stability, Benchmark testing, Stability analysis, Software. Abstract: This paper presents a new 21-bus power system model developed using the simulation software ‘DIgSILENT PowerFactory’ representing the reduced Norwegian power transmission network. The network includes a 132 kV regional network and a 420 kV transmission network to visualize local and inter-area modes of oscillations. The network data is adopted from the benchmark model ‘Nordic 44’. The model is validated by analyzing some of the static and dynamic simulation results recommended by IEEE task force for the benchmark models. The presented model is recommended to use teaching power system dynamics for new electrical engineers. |
11,305 | Please write an abstract with title: Preparation of nanosized WO/sub 3/ powder by chemical vapor condensation process, and key words: Powders, Chemical processes, Tungsten, Nanostructured materials, X-ray scattering, Temperature, Gases, Scanning electron microscopy, Magnetic materials, Gas detectors. Abstract: A chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process using the pyrolysis of metal-organic precursors was applied to produce the nanosized WO/sub 3/ powders. Morphology and phase changes of the synthesized WO/sub 3/ powder as a function of CVC parameters were investigated by XRD, BET and TEM. The agglomerated nanosized monoclinic WO/sub 3/ powders with nearly spherical shape and 10 nm-38 nm in mean diameter could be obtained. Conditions to produce the WO/sub 3/ nanopowders are presented in this paper. |
11,306 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Demonstration of Abruptly Focusing Airy Beam Using Metasurfaces, and key words: Integrated optics, Particle beams, Optical polarization, Optical device fabrication, Focusing, Metasurfaces, Numerical simulation. Abstract: The traditional approach to generate an abruptly focusing Airy (AFA) beam includes the spatial light modulator (SLM) and Fourier transform (FT) lens. These bulky optical components hamper the miniaturization of optical systems. Metasurfaces provide a unique approach to realize flat optical components at the subwavelength scale. An ultra-thin metasurface is used to generate an AFA beam. The local polarisation and phase of incident light are manipulated by controlling the rotation angles of nano-pillars. The resultant AFA is experimentally verified at the designed wavelength of 650nm. We envision this device would open a new path for particle manipulation and Airy lasers. |
11,307 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Active Multi-Debris Removal Mission Planning With Modified Upper Confidence Bound Tree Search, and key words: Planning, Perturbation methods, Optimization, Reinforcement learning, Space vehicles, Planetary orbits. Abstract: The increasing number of space debris is a critical impact on space environment. Active multi-debris removal (ADR) mission planning technique with maximal reward objective is getting more attention. As the goal of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is in accordance with maximal-reward optimization model of ADR, the planning will be more efficient with the advanced RL scheme and RL algorithm. In this paper, first, an RL formulation is presented for the ADR mission planning problem. All the basic components of maximal-reward optimization model are recast in RL scheme. Second, a modified Upper Confidence bound Tree (UCT) search algorithm for the ADR planning task is developed, which both leverages the neural-network-assisted selection and expansion procedures to facilitate exploration and incorporates roll-out simulation in the backup procedure to achieve robust value estimation. This algorithm fits the RL scheme of ADR mission planning and better balances the exploration and exploitation. Experimental comparison using three subsets of Iridium 33 debris cloud data reveals a better performance of this modified UCT over previously reported results and close UCT variants. |
11,308 | Please write an abstract with title: Pattern synthesis with assigned field reduction in near-field for circular arrays, and key words: Antenna arrays, Cost function, Dipole antennas, Directive antennas, Azimuth, Art, Equations. Abstract: We describe a method to reduce the field radiated by a circular antenna array in a region close to the antenna, while minimizing the far-field perturbation. This is obtained by minimizing a cost function that allows controlling the near-field reduction by a proper choice of a parameter. |
11,309 | Please write an abstract with title: Omni-Directional Inductive Wireless Power Transfer with 3D MID inductors, and key words: Wireless Energy Transfer, omni-directionnal transfer, three-dimensional coils, 3D Molded Interconnect device, fabrication of 3D coils, quality factor. Abstract: Omni-directional inductive wireless power transfer to a movable target inside a half-meter cubic emitter box is studied. The innovative point is to use 3D Molded Interconnect Device (3D-MID) coils at the surface of the target with a 3D shape. Transmission of energy at 6.78 MHz is performed experimentally and characterized in terms of power and efficiency. The 3D design of the coils allows maintaining power when the receiver target is translated and rotated inside the emitter box (that is to say allows compensating to a certain extent the misalignment between the emitters and the receivers). A comparison with a simplified model is performed. Lastly, the potential of this technology is discussed. |
11,310 | Please write an abstract with title: Incorporating price sensitivity measurement into the software engineering process, and key words: Software measurement, Software engineering, Pricing, Process design, Economic forecasting, Programming, Power generation economics, Demand forecasting, Predictive models, Business. Abstract: Software developers typically make critical design decisions without understanding how the market will value the final product in terms of the price that customers are willing to pay. Market research techniques that rely on simulated purchase situations, laboratory experiments, and actual purchase behavior are often dismissed as too expensive, too time consuming, or too impractical. What is needed is a quick and cost-effective method for assessing customers' price expectations that can be utilized at key points in the software development process where design are at stake. Price sensitivity measurement (PSM) research provides product developers with the capability to quickly assess the range of acceptable prices, indifference points, and optimum pricing points for any given software configuration. |
11,311 | Please write an abstract with title: Watermarking skin lesion digital color images based on channels, and key words: Watermarking, Melanoma, Discrete wavelet transforms, Wavelet transforms, Indexes, Image color analysis, Digital images. Abstract: This paper presents a way to secure through copyright medical images. The novelty of this study consists in splitting in color layers of a mole digital image and of a melanoma digital image, where the common mole is considered as the host image and the melanoma image as watermarked image. This work attempts an embedding of the information with DWT (discrete wavelet transformation) of the Haar wavelets on each color layer, decomposing them on one level, selecting the coefficient of level with low frequency to be the watermarking key and using IDWT ( inverse discrete wavelet transform) Haar wavelets for obtaining the invisible watermarked images. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed method of watermarking is checked using the SSIM (Structural Similarity Index). The images are computed in two situations: when the layers images are induced and on non-noise images. The Bland and Altman (B&A) plot indicates that both methods can be used successfully in securing the medical images. |
11,312 | Please write an abstract with title: Excitonic signatures in photoluminescence and terahertz absorption, and key words: Absorption, Excitons, Plasma measurements, Photoluminescence, Time measurement, Delay, Free electron lasers, Quantum well lasers, Frequency measurement, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: By measuring THz absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence on the same GaAs quantum well sample we confirm the recent prediction of Kira that PL at the exciton frequency does not require a population of bound excitons. |
11,313 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic electromechanical model of a high speed train, and key words: Equations, Aerodynamics, Stress, Lagrangian functions, Steady-state, Performance analysis, Mathematical model, Couplings, Circuit simulation, Circuit faults. Abstract: High-speed traction studies need to carry out detailed equations for formalising a complete electromechanical model, representing the dynamic coupling of electrical and mechanical phenomena. Starting from Lagrange and Park theories, and after recalling the general criteria for the set-up of the two distinct mechanical and electrical sub-systems, the new formulisation of a complete dynamic model is presented, with specific reference to a train dedicated to high-speed services. Simulations are carried out relating to the steady state condition at speed of 100 km/hr. Representative of the dynamics of each single component, the investigation focuses in particular on the parts of transmission (rotor, cardan joint, gearcase) and the relevant torques associated to the short circuit dynamics. |
11,314 | Please write an abstract with title: Road Friction Estimation Method Based on Fusion of Machine Vision and Vehicle Dynamics, and key words: Roads, Friction, Estimation, Tires, Vehicle dynamics, Adhesives, Snow. Abstract: This paper proposes a road friction coefficient estimation method based on the fusion of machine vision and vehicle dynamics. A vehicle-mounted camera is used to obtain the front image. Based on the deep learning method, the road surface in the image is segmented and identified to obtain the road type. Besides, a road friction estimator with the tire longitudinal force estimation is designed. With the visual estimation results, a fusion estimation method is designed based on the structural parameter optimization. The results of simulation experiments show that the fusion estimator has the characteristics of fast convergence and high accuracy. |
11,315 | Please write an abstract with title: "What makes my queries slow?": Subgroup Discovery for SQL Workload Analysis, and key words: Visualization, Codes, Databases, Companies, Knowledge discovery, Time measurement, Task analysis. Abstract: Among daily tasks of database administrators (DBAs), the analysis of query workloads to identify schema issues and improving performances is crucial. Although DBAs can easily pinpoint queries repeatedly causing performance issues, it remains challenging to automatically identify subsets of queries that share some properties only (a pattern) and simultaneously foster some target measures, such as execution time. Patterns are defined on combinations of query clauses, environment variables, database alerts and metrics and help answer questions like what makes SQL queries slow? What makes I/O communications high? Automatically discovering these patterns in a huge search space and providing them as hypotheses for helping to localize issues and root-causes is important in the context of explainable AI. To tackle it, we introduce an original approach rooted on Subgroup Discovery. We show how to instantiate and develop this generic data-mining framework to identify potential causes of SQL workloads issues. We believe that such data-mining technique is not trivial to apply for DBAs. As such, we also provide a visualization tool for interactive knowledge discovery. We analyse a one week workload from hundreds of databases from our company, make both the dataset and source code available, and experimentally show that insightful hypotheses can be discovered. |
11,316 | Please write an abstract with title: A response generation method of chat-bot system using input formatting and reference resolution, and key words: Adaptation models, Data preprocessing, Oral communication, Transformers, Chatbots, History, Task analysis. Abstract: Recently, the demand for chatting with dialogue systems has been increasing. However, one of the significant problems of chat dialog systems is that they cannot respond appropriately to users’ spontaneous speech since systems often respond inconsistently to past topics due to their weak dialog history management. To avoid this problem, the system tends to generate conservative, simple and short speech for consistent conversation, which leads to a boring dialogue. In this study, we constructed a chat dialog system that compensates for the lack of content of input sentences by two components. The first is an attention-based Japanese Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer(T5) model fine-tuned to spoken-to-written language conversion tasks for input formatting. The second is Centering Theory for the reference resolution. Then, we used a Japanese GPT-2-based response generation model adapted to the written language domain. Input shaping allows the dialogue content before the last three utterances to be stored in pronouns and generate responses. As a result, the system could output a response with richer content than the results without using our method and, according to the 27 evaluators, was able to generate more natural dialogue than without the method. |
11,317 | Please write an abstract with title: Studying Adversarial Attacks on Behavioral Cloning Dynamics, and key words: Visualization, Cloning, Virtual environments, Tools, Robustness, Task analysis, Robots. Abstract: High-fidelity visual simulation-based environments and advanced learning algorithms can be used to train robots to carry out specific tasks. Behavior cloning is a fast and easy way to train robots to learn from experience by modeling their actions according to human actions. As we make use of these agents in our day-to-day life, the robustness of such system-of-systems trained on simulation environments are of great concern. In this paper, we explore adversarial attacks in simulation environments, specifically for behavioral cloning models that cause the adversary to be able to take control of the steering mechanism of an autonomous agent. We focus our attention on improving latency and noticeability, two fundamental issues with adversarial attacks, by reducing the number of iterations to a single step during a white-box adversarial attack within a noticeability threshold. More specifically, the gradients at the image input layer and the output layer of the neural network are utilized in the adversarial attack. We implement a hybridized version of the fast gradient sign and basic iterative methods to attack the input image and fool the agent. We've shown that our method reduces the attack time per frame to within 3 milliseconds. |
11,318 | Please write an abstract with title: 1210-2004 - IEEE Standard Tests for Determining Compatibility of Cable-Pulling Lubricants With Wire and Cable, and key words: Standards, IEEE Standards, Cable shielding, Lubricants, Cable insulation, Patents, Wires. Abstract: Criteria and test methods for determining the compatibility of cable-pulling lubricants (compounds) with cable jacket or other exterior cable covering are described in this standard. Cable pulling lubricants are used to lower the friction on cable as it is pulled into conduit, duct, or directionally bored holes. Compatibility is important because lubricants should not negatively interact with the cables they lubricate. Compatibility of lubricants with a variety of common cable coverings is considered. (An interpretation is available at http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/interps/1210-2004.html) |
11,319 | Please write an abstract with title: Object-oriented image analysis via analogic CNN algorithms. II. Image synthesis and consistency observation, and key words: Image analysis, Cellular neural networks, Image generation, Image motion analysis, Image color analysis, Image segmentation, Image sequence analysis, Motion estimation, Image coding, Object oriented modeling. Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., p.172-9 (2002). In the context of image analysis for object-oriented coding schemes, this paper presents new analogic CNN algorithms for implementing the image synthesis and consistency observation stages. Along with the motion estimation algorithm illustrated in the companion paper, the proposed approach represents a framework for implementing CNN-based real-time image analysis. Simulation results, carried out for Miss America video sequence, confirm the validity of the algorithms developed herein. |
11,320 | Please write an abstract with title: Key Performance Indicators Assessment Methodology Principles Adaptation for Heating Systems of Administrative and Residential Buildings, and key words: Heating systems, Analytical models, Adaptation models, Key performance indicator, Buildings, Software, Mathematical model. Abstract: This paper describes an approach of adapting the methodology for assessing heating system key performance indicators of residential and administrative buildings, to demonstrate the results, a table with a certain number of performance indicators, which are sufficient for an informative description of the efficiency of the systems, described in the study. |
11,321 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal design of energy storage systems for hybrid vehicle drivetrains, and key words: Energy storage, Vehicle driving, Power system modeling, Optimal control, Design optimization, Software packages, Internal combustion engines, Packaging, Batteries, Vehicle safety. Abstract: Current hybrid drivetrain simulation packages are based on discrete (existing) system components and predefined system structures. Optimization of the performance of the hybrid drivetrain is then based on finding the most efficient control strategy of the primary and secondary power source and finally comparing the performance of the different candidate drive-trains. In this paper, the secondary power source components, part of the energy storage system (S), are modeled continuously, i.e., scalable to power and/or energy capacity needs. In this way, the size of the components of S can be added as an optimization parameter to a hybrid drivetrain design procedure. |
11,322 | Please write an abstract with title: SwiftDir: Secure Cache Coherence without Overprotection, and key words: Microarchitecture, Linux, Memory management, Process control, Coherence, Benchmark testing, Performance gain. Abstract: Cache coherence states have recently been exploited to leak secrets through timing-channel attacks. The root cause lies in the fact that shared data in state Exclusive (E) and state Shared (S) are served from different cache layers. The state-of-the-art countermeasure—S-MESI—serves both E- and S-state shared data from the last-level cache (LLC) by explicitly synchronizing the Modified (M) state across private caches and the LLC. This has to sacrifice the silent upgrade feature that MESI introduces for speedup. Moreover, it enforces protection to not only exploitable shared data but also unshared data. This further slows down performance, especially for write-after-read intensive applications. In this paper, we propose SwiftDir to efficiently secure cache coherence against cover-channel attacks without overprotection. SwiftDir fundamentally narrows down the protection scope to write-protected data. Such exploitable shared data can be uniquely identified with the write-protection permission in the memory management unit (MMU) and do not necessarily transit to state M. We validate this idea through tracing system calls of shared libraries on Linux. We then investigate all three commercial cache architectures (i.e., PIPT, VIPT, and VIVT) and find it feasible to hitchhike the address translation process to transmit the write-protection information from the MMU to the coherence controller. Then SwiftDir enforces protection over only write-protected data by serving all requests toward them directly from the LLC with a constant latency. This not only simplifies how MESI handles write-protected data but also avoids how S-MESI overprotects them. Meanwhile, SwiftDir still preserves silent upgrade for efficient handling of unshared data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our SwiftDir can secure cache coherence while outperforming not only secure SMESI but also unprotected MESI. |
11,323 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability analysis of grid-connected inverter with adaptive PLL, and key words: Phase locked loops, Inverters, Impedance, Power system stability, Voltage control, Mathematical model, Gain control. Abstract: The adaptive PLL with an automatic gain control module has a good performance in improving the stability margin of the grid-connected inverter in face of varying grid properties. This paper investigates into the impedance model of a grid-connected inverter with adaptive PLL, and theoretically reveals its benefits from the perspective of Nyquist and bode plots. In a frequency domain comparative analysis, adaptive PLL increases the phase margin by 78.6% in the 5mH grid impedance case and make the unstable system stable in the 10mH grid impedance case. MATLAB/Simulink based time-domain simulation results demonstrate an improvement in the output currents quality with less oscillation. Furthermore, FFT analysis of the same cases discussed above shows a 22.11% and a 30.01% THD reduction respectively, indicating an enhancement in decreasing harmonics. |
11,324 | Please write an abstract with title: Parametric down-conversion of higher-order Bessel beams in nonlinear crystals, and key words: Laser excitation, Optical coupling, Nonlinear optics, Crystals, Stimulated emission, Optical pumping, Optical vortices, Oscillators, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Optical amplifiers. Abstract: It is revealed that orbital angular momentum can be conserved within the spontaneous parametric down-conversion of higher-order Bessel beam. A qualitative agreement of theoretical predictions with experimental results is obtained. |
11,325 | Please write an abstract with title: Value-Driven Robotic Digital Twins in Cyber–Physical Applications, and key words: Service robots, Robot sensing systems, Dynamics, Stakeholders, Robot kinematics, Task analysis. Abstract: Although the skills of robot manipulators are becoming technically more complex, the unprecedented cost-effective access to recently unveiled intelligent robots has the potential to unleash as yet unimagined automation capabilities. A key technology behind this opportunity for companies to gain a competitive edge through an informed and intelligent robotized automation is the robotic digital twin (RDT). As such, the RDT will be instrumental in mirroring targeted properties of a physical robot to obtain a digital sibling flexibly harnessed in virtual testbeds to understand, predict, and shape the robot performance. However, these objectives remain challenging to well-established simulators. This is because the architectural and functional capabilities they support are not sufficiently in-line with ever-growing and varying demands for agile and cost-efficient manipulations. As a consequence, robot stakeholders can hardly use RDTs to unlock opportunities and meet needs from prospective markets. This article contributes to addressing this gap. We introduce a novel concept for the development of a RDT that helps create and add value to current and future robotized cyber-physical applications. Hereinafter, referred to as the value-driven RDT (vdRDT), it systematically captures the robot dynamics and purposefully farms data, about which its services reason, to facilitate insight and deliver capabilities as well as benefits to stakeholders. Experiment results show that vdRDTs enlarge the scope of, adapt to, and revitalize robotized applications carried out in different fields. |
11,326 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective resilience design for recovery time restricted applications, and key words: Resilience, Optical fiber networks, Time factors, Delay effects, Signal restoration, Intelligent networks, Constraint optimization, Particle beam optics, Optical sensors, Optical control. Abstract: The idea that is discussed in this paper is a possible solution, which allows that the shared capacity oriented restoration scheme can be tailored according to the recovery time requirement of the delay sensitive applications, thus the efficient resource usage can be optimized under a recovery time constraint. This paper seems to be interesting, especially as an introduction for people that would approach the problem of recovery time constraints in resilient networks and also for showing the relationship between the amount of additional resource allocation needed by the restoration and the recovery time constraint fulfillment. This paper gives simple analytical models for the implementation options of the optical control plane signaling, shows some reference linear programming formulations for different resilience strategies and finally shows some illustrative numerical comparisons to support the aforementioned efforts. |
11,327 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolutional Autoencoder based Deep Learning Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis using Brain MRI, and key words: Neuroimaging, Deep learning, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical treatment, Tools. Abstract: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for patient treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease. While computer-assisted diagnosis based on neuroimaging holds vast potential for helping clinicians detect disease sooner, there are still some technical hurdles to overcome. This study presents an end-to-end disease detection approach using convolutional autoencoders by integrating supervised prediction and unsupervised representation. The 2D neural network is based upon a pre-trained 2D convolutional autoencoder to capture latent representations in structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Experiments on the OASIS brain MRI dataset revealed that the model outperforms a number of traditional classifiers in terms of accuracy using a single slice. |
11,328 | Please write an abstract with title: State-space formulation of frequency transformation for 2-D digital filters, and key words: Frequency, Digital filters, Equations, Transfer functions, Two dimensional displays, Mathematical model, MATLAB, Signal processing algorithms, Prototypes, Band pass filters. Abstract: This letter proposes frequency transformation for two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters in terms of the state-space equations. In order to derive the 2-D state-space formulation of the frequency transformation, we extend Mullis and Roberts' state-space formulation of one-dimensional frequency transformation to 2-D case. The proposed frequency transformation is very suitable for state-space analysis of the transformed filters since the resultant formulation consists of simple algebraic operations such as matrix addition, multiplication, inverse and so on. It can be easily implemented in MATLAB without any complicated algorithm. |
11,329 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical and experimental investigation of losses in a tray based spatial power amplifier, and key words: Power amplifiers, Microstrip antenna arrays, Patch antennas, Feeds, Phased arrays, Antenna arrays, Dielectrics, Lenses, Microstrip antennas, Frequency. Abstract: This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on a 49-element Ka-band amplifier array. This study is aimed at determining the origin of various losses in the amplifier array. Passive simulation data confirms that the load seen by the active devices is well matched and that most of the power is coupled to the LSE/sub 10/ mode. This means that coherent power combining should take place if there is no phase and amplitude variation due to the active devices and phase correcting dielectric lenses. |
11,330 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Scheduling of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Using Pareto Frontier Principle, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Conferences, Power distribution, Optimal scheduling, Distribution networks, Power system stability. Abstract: Distributed photovoltaic develops rapidly with the increasingly serious environmental and resource problems. However, the increase of the penetration of distributed photovoltaics has brought security and stability problems to the power system. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the distributed photovoltaic power to ensure the security, stability and efficiency of power system. Based on the division of distributed photovoltaic clusters, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy of distributed photovoltaic power considering power loss. This strategy takes full advantage of the regulation of energy storage. The power loss of network and distributed photovoltaics are taken as multi-objective functions, which uses $\varepsilon$-constraint method to solve. After obtaining the Pareto frontier solution set, the fuzzy satisfaction method is used to get the optimal solution. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this strategy are verified on IEEE-33 bus power distribution system. |
11,331 | Please write an abstract with title: On refactoring support based on code clone dependency relation, and key words: Cloning, Software maintenance, Java, Application software, Information science, Computer industry, Industrial relations, Large-scale systems, Software tools, Open source software. Abstract: Generally, code clones are regarded as one of the factors that make software maintenance more difficult. A code clone is a set of source code fragments identical or similar to each other from the viewpoint of software maintainability, code clones should be removed. However, sometimes there are dependency relations among each of which belong to the different code clone, and it is advisable to refactor all of such code clones at once. In this paper, we focus on the case that such code fragment corresponds to a method body in Java programs. We defined "chained method" as a set of methods that have dependency relations. A set of "chained methods" whose elements are each other's code clone is called "chained clone", and an equivalence class of "chained clone" is called a "chained clone set". We propose a refactoring support method for "chained clone set" by providing an appropriate refactoring pattern to them. Finally, we present the "chained clone set" refactoring support tool that we have developed, together with some case studies to show the usefulness of the proposed method |
11,332 | Please write an abstract with title: On the influence of cosmic rays on the earth ozone layer as observed by microwave radiometry, and key words: Cosmic rays, Earth, Microwave radiometry, Protons, Electromagnetic heating, Fluctuations, Atmosphere, Sea level, Ionization, Atmospheric waves. Abstract: The significant fluctuation of ozone content under altitude h>20 km above sea level has been connected with the atmosphere dynamics, and particularly with the stratospheric warmings and with internal gravitational waves. The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are considered as the main reason of the ionization of atmospheric gas constituents. Among different methods of stratospheric ozone measurements, microwave radiometry observations make it possible to conduct long time middle atmosphere ozone monitoring under high time and space resolution. Besides, this method seems to be mostly effective in the studies of the link between solar activity and ozone variations at the earth stratosphere and lower mesophere. The following results have been observed at polar and moderate lattitude during 23/sup rd/ solar cycle: there were, after proton events, a short time decrement of ozone content at certain elevation. The ozone variations are good correlated with the proton flux fluctuations just at the time of enhanced solar activity. However, the correlation coefficient between averaged values of O/sub 3/density and mean proton fluxes is basically, statistically insignificant. |
11,333 | Please write an abstract with title: Through-wall UWB radar operating within FCC's mask for sensing heart beat and breathing rate, and key words: Ultra wideband radar, FCC, Heart beat, Humans, Radar imaging, Biomedical imaging, Pulse generation, Transceivers, Radar antennas, Pulse amplifiers. Abstract: Non-invasive sensing of heart beat and breathing rate using UWB radar within the FCC's mask between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and operating within -41 dbm/MHz has been developed. Compared to existing radars, the EIRP of UWB is much lower and it can also achieve comparable performance with the unique capability of through the wall environment. The UWB radar transceiver system architecture is presented and the results in monitoring breathing rate and heart beat of the human object is discussed |
11,334 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of an Accelerated Overcurrent Protection for Single Circuit Breaker Distribution Feeder, and key words: Acceleration, Protection, Circuit breakers, Digital relays, Protective relaying, Circuit testing, System testing, Real time systems, Circuit simulation, Circuit faults. Abstract: This paper presents a new practical accelerated overcurrent protection scheme for single circuit breaker radial distribution feeder and the implementation of this new scheme into latest numerical relay. Extensive tests have been conducted using the real time digital simulator (RTDS) with respect to a typical single circuit breaker multi-section system. The results prove that the new protection relay is able to not only significantly increase the speed of responses of conventional time grading protection scheme for single circuit breaker radial distribution feeders, but also remove faults from both ends of the protected lines section, therefore to achieve distribution automation |
11,335 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio variability from corotating interaction regions threading Wolf–Rayet winds, and key words: stars: early-type, stars: massive, stars: mass-loss, stars: Wolf–Rayet, radio continuum: stars. Abstract: The structured winds of single massive stars can be classified into two broad groups: stochastic structure and organized structure. While the former is typically identified with clumping, the latter is typically associated with rotational modulations, particularly the paradigm of corotating interaction regions (CIRs). While CIRs have been explored extensively in the ultraviolet band, and moderately in the X-ray and optical, here we evaluate radio variability from CIR structures assuming free–free opacity in a dense wind. Our goal is to conduct a broad parameter study to assess the observational feasibility, and to this end, we adopt a phenomenological model for a CIR that threads an otherwise spherical wind. We find that under reasonable assumptions, it is possible to obtain radio variability at the 10 per cent level. The detailed structure of the folded light curve depends not only on the curvature of the CIR, the density contrast of the CIR relative to the wind, and viewing inclination, but also on wavelength. Comparing light curves at different wavelengths, we find that the amplitude can change, that there can be phase shifts in the waveform, and the entire waveform itself can change. These characterstics could be exploited to detect the presence of CIRs in dense, hot winds. |
11,336 | Please write an abstract with title: Corrosion in Liquid Cooling Systems with Water-Based Coolant – Part 1: Flow Loop Design for Reliability Tests, and key words: Corrosion, Fluids, Microchannels, Cold plates, Temperature measurement, Copper. Abstract: With increasing thermal loads in electronic packages, liquid cooling is a preferred option for superior cooling capability. Closed loop liquid cooling systems with microchannel cold plates have demonstrated superior thermal performance. The widespread adaptation of this technology, however, is subject to long term reliability concerns, especially caused by corrosion with a water-based coolant. Galvanic corrosion, which is caused by the difference in electrode potentials is observed to be the dominant failure mechanism. In this paper, the design and development of flow loops suitable for capturing the corrosion behavior within the loop is discussed. Careful consideration of all components within the loop and the rationales behind the choices are highlighted. The experimental methodology details various sensors and measurements required to assess corrosion development in the loop. Experimental results from the flow loop tests are presented and engineering recommendations are made for flow loop design, choice of working fluid and measurements to be made in-situ. Although there is a clear indication of corrosion progression based on the experimental data of fluid chemistry degradation, no significant impact is observed on thermal performance of the current microchannel cold plate design for the duration of the current test conditions. |
11,337 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effects of Magnetic Field along with Nanoparticles on DNA Damage Induced by a Carbon Beam: A Monte Carlo Study, and key words: Nanoparticles, Gold, Monte Carlo methods, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic resonance imaging, DNA, Biomedical applications of radiation. Abstract: Gold and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as dose enhancement agents in radiation therapy. Dose enhancement of these nanoparticles with the presence of a magnetic field (MF) should be investigated, due to the development of magnetic resonance imaging systems integrated with radiation therapy delivery. In this study, a cell with a DNA model irradiated by a carbon beam of 130 MeV/n and 300 MeV/n energy were simulated using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo code. A transverse MF of 0 T, 1.5 T and 3 T was defined as a global MF. The dose enhancement ratio (DER) of NPs with and without the presence of a MF was calculated. Furthermore, single and double strand breaks of DNA was measured with and without the presence of a MF. Although a 3 T MF with the presence of gold NPs increase the dose, it does not affect the number of DNA damages. The NPs mentioned as dose-enhancing agents, can be used in MRI-guided carbon-beam radiotherapy. |
11,338 | Please write an abstract with title: Indy528 — Federated Learning Model Tokenization with Non-Fungible Tokens(NFT) and Model Cards, and key words: Training, Art, Federated learning, Design methodology, Data models, Tokenization, Nonfungible tokens. Abstract: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are used to represent ownership of unique items. The tokens provide means to validate integrity. That is, the item is unique and cannot be replaced with something else. NFTs are securely stored in the blockchain-based decentralized storage in the format of ERC721 tokens, so it is technically difficult to modify the record of ownership or duplicate a new NFT token. Currently, NFTs are used to tokenise objects such as arts, collectables, and even real estate. In this research, we propose an open platform “Indy528” and utilize NFT tokens to represent federated machine learning (FML) models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first research that tries to represent machine learning models as NFTs. Different peers in the blockchain network can build FML models using a blockchain-enabled coordinator-less FML system. The data provenance information of the FML models, which records the model data changes from the origin, is recorded as Model Cards. The FML model ownership, storage locations of the FML models and data provenance information(with Model Cards) are encoded into NFT tokens and stored in the decentralized ledger. We design a novel NFT token schema i528 (which is an extension of ERC721) to represent machine learning models as NFTs. As a use-case of Indy528, we propose a concept of the NFT-based decentralized FML model marketplace. Model creators can train the FML models and publish them in the marketplace as NFTs. Parties who want to use the models can buy them from the model creators as NFTs. The buyers can view model information, accuracy, training process etc via the model card objects stored with the NFT. This design methodology provides enhanced transparency and auditability to the federated learning process while providing an open platform to share and trade machine learning models in the marketplace. |
11,339 | Please write an abstract with title: Aggregate Drone Monitoring of Wildfires, and key words: Aggregates, Fires, Programming, Resource management, Task analysis, Monitoring, Smart phones. Abstract: Wildfires are an ever-increasing problem, exacerbated by the current global warming trends. Accordingly, it is becoming more and more relevant to monitor factors influencing their outbreaks and spreading, in order to both preemptively act on the most risky areas, and guide interventions in case an outbreak occurs. Different approaches have been proposed during the decades tackling this issue, which however require large datasets that are difficult and expensive to gather.In this paper, we propose to address the management of wildfires by empowering existing centralised models with a decentralised component. Leveraging dedicated monitoring drones together with smartphones held by experts and intervention corps, a decentralised system could both enhance data collection and assist interventions. As conditions near wildfires require strong fault-tolerance guarantees, we propose to develop such an application through aggregate programming, a novel approach to the resilient programming of decentralised systems. |
11,340 | Please write an abstract with title: A fully-comprehensive mathematical approach to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, and key words: Measurement uncertainty, Error correction, Measurement errors, Mathematical model, Qualifications, Instruments, Mathematics, Philosophical considerations, Particle measurements, Metrology. Abstract: This paper analyses the result of a measurement in the mathematical model of incomplete knowledge and shows how it can be treated in the framework of the theory of evidence. The RFVs are considered in order to express the result of a measurement together with its uncertainty and a significant application is considered to prove the practical utility of the proposed approach. |
11,341 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid coevolutionary programming for Nash equilibrium search in games with local optima, and key words: Nash equilibrium, Iterative algorithms, Electricity supply industry, Game theory, Testing, Genetic algorithms, Parallel programming, Convergence, Genetic programming, Ash. Abstract: The conventional local optimization path and coevolutionary processes are studied when "local Nash equilibrium (NE) traps" exist. Conventional NE search algorithms in games with local optima can misidentify NE by following a local optimization path. We prove that any iterative NE search algorithms based on local optimization cannot differentiate real NE and "local NE traps". Coevolutionary programming, a parallel and global search algorithm, is applied to overcome this problem. In order to enhance the poor convergence of simple coevolutionary programming, hybrid coevolutionary programming is suggested. The conventional NE algorithms, simple coevolutionary programming, and hybrid coevolutionary algorithms are tested through a simple numerical example and transmission-constrained electricity market examples. |
11,342 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantification of reaching during stroke rehabilitation using unique upper extremity kinematic model, and key words: Extremities, Kinematics, Elbow, Orthopedic surgery, Shoulder, Biomedical engineering, Educational institutions, Motion analysis, Monitoring, Motor drives. Abstract: Quantification of rehabilitation progress is necessary for accurately assessing clinical treatments. A three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical model of the upper extremity was developed for quantification of stroke rehabilitation. The model was designed to accurately track the 3D orientation of the trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist. This study explains the application of the upper extremity model. Strict validation of the model confirmed the system's accuracy and resolution. The model was applied to eight hemiparetic stroke patients with spasticity, while completing a set of reaching tasks. The model successfully detected statistical differences in elbow range of motion and angular velocity between the nonparetic (unaffected) and paretic (affected) arms. Both simple and complex biomechanical indices for assessment were developed. This model may aid in the assessment and planning of stroke rehabilitation, and help to decrease recovery time. |
11,343 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical intensity filter for noise squeezing and pulse shaping, and key words: Optical filters, Optical noise, Optical pulse shaping, Noise shaping, Pulse shaping methods, Pulse compression methods, Optical fiber filters, Filtering, Fiber nonlinear optics, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: In summary, we have investigated the effect of nonlinear intensity filtering. We have developed a phasor model to explain the nonlinear filtering effect. From these results we can derive approximate equations for the design of the intensity filters. Furthermore, we have calculated the points of equal pulse compression which occur in nonlinear pulse propagation in a fiber. Combining the design rules for noise squeezing and equal pulse compression we have proposed a new design for an intensity filter suitable for noise squeezing and pulse reshaping. |
11,344 | Please write an abstract with title: Effectiveness increase of microwave equipment for thermal handling of dielectric materials, and key words: Microwave devices, Dielectric materials, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Resonance, Microwave technology. Abstract: One of the solutions for the problem of VHF resonance amplifier adjustment to the frequency of energising signal is discussed in the report. The structure of build-up of the device is offered to provide precise adjustment of the VHF resonance amplifier, its operation algorithm is presented. It is shown that use of the offered solution allows to adjust a resonance amplifier at zero phase shift of a gain signal, that provides rebound to the maximum power load. |
11,345 | Please write an abstract with title: A study of large area bonding technologies and their application in electronic industry, and key words: Performance evaluation, Heating systems, Silver, Costs, Silicon carbide, Sintering, Conductivity. Abstract: As high-power electronic devices are in a rapid developing speed, the topic of large area bonding in electronics emerged in recent years. The needs such as die-attach for large area chip (>10mm x 10 mm), high thermal dissipation power baseplate/heatsink attachment (connect devices to heatsink/baseplate) lead to the demand for reliable large area bonding technology with excellent thermal performance. However, the current adapted solutions are with various advantages and disadvantages. Epoxy-based adhesive is a versatile technology with excellent processibility, whereas the low thermal conductivity and reliability due to the high organic content in various cases cannot meet application requirements. The other commonly adopted technology is Sn-based solder paste technology, which is matured and cost effective with higher thermal performance. On the other hand, the low melting point and relatively high process temperature limits the packaging design and system reliability performance. Additionally, although the thermal conductivity is much better than epoxy-based adhesive, for high power application, it is not sufficient. Furthermore, in the past years, silver sintering has become an emerging solution for large area bonding, especially for high power and automotive applications due to the high thermal conductivity and reliability it can offer. Nonetheless, cost and many technical difficulties are existing that limits the adoption of this novel technology, such as relatively high process temperature, high mechanical pressure needed, voiding channels, and pick and place of the parts. Therefore, it seems of vital importance to have a comprehensive analysis of the current solutions to make proper suggestions of suitable applications. Moreover, for novel technology, such as silver sinter, the technology gaps and scientific challenges should be identified for accelerating the adoption.In this study, currently adopted large area bonging technologies and their merits and demerits are reviewed and discussed. The most suitable applications for each technology are suggested. In addition, the current technology gaps of silver sintering for large area bonding are shown, and the scientific challenges to fill in these gaps are presented as well. |
11,346 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a haptic palmar-finger feedback system for upper limb myoelectric prosthesis model PUCP-Hand, and key words: Solid modeling, Mechatronics, Design methodology, Grasping, Sensor systems, Finite element analysis, Sensors. Abstract: This paper presents the design of a haptic palmar-finger feedback system for transradial myoelectric upper limb prosthesis that allows an amputated person to percieve the sensations related to force-gripping, object-sliding and proprioception of the prosthetic fingers. The designed system has two subsystems. A monitoring unit arranged on the prosthetic hand, and an actuation unit embedded in a bracelet around the user’s forearm. Both units have independent energizing systems and communicate wirelessly. In order to validate the design, simulations of the electronic system and finite element method (FEM) analysis of the actuation unit were carried out. |
11,347 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Automation Control System for Photovoltaic Modules Coating, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Performance evaluation, Legged locomotion, Automation, Spraying, Process control, Solar energy. Abstract: The aging and damage of the coating are the major factors that decrease the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV modules in outdoor environment. A feasible solution is to coat a new anti-reflection film on PV modules. In this paper, an automation control system for coating device of PV modules is designed, which can operate intelligently on the PV modules without manual intervention. The spraying module, walking mechanism and linear drive unit of the coating device are dynamically allocated through the designed control system based on the coating procedure. The experimental results show that the system can automatically control the device to accomplish the coating process of the whole PV modules and solve the problems including uneven coating thickness, low utilization rate of coating solution, and high work intensity in manual coating methods. |
11,348 | Please write an abstract with title: A new measles epidemic model: analysis, identification and prediction, and key words: Mathematical model, Data models, Diseases, Analytical models, Sociology, Statistics, Numerical models. Abstract: A new measles epidemic model is proposed and identified by using real data relative to the number of confirmed infected patients in Italy in the period 1970-2018. The possibility of predicting the number of new infection is important for an efficient resource scheduling. Only in the last years great attention has been devoted to reliable data collection; therefore, in general, the model parameters identification is not an easy task. Moreover, the available data are “corrupted” by human intervention, such as prevention campaign, or, whenever possible, vaccination. In this paper, the measles model parameters are identified referring to the data of the period in which there wasn't a significant vaccination coverage; successively, the vaccination action has been identified. The results obtained appear encouraging, confirming the importance of available consistent data. |
11,349 | Please write an abstract with title: Analog integrate-and-fire neurochips: neural competition in frequency and time domains, and key words: Circuits, Neurons, Very large scale integration, Timing, Biological neural networks, Artificial neural networks, Nervous system, Biomembranes, Silicon, Working environment noise. Abstract: In this report, we present all inhibitory neural network, implemented on analog CMOS chips, that exhibits competitive behaviors in the frequency and time domains. The circuit for each neuron was designed to produce sequences in time of identically-shaped pulses, called spikes. The result of experiment and simulation revealed that the network more efficiently achieved the selective activation and inactivation of the neuron circuits on the basis of spike timing rather than of firing rates. The results indicate that the spike-timing-based neural processing by spiking neuron circuits provides a possible way of overcoming low tolerance problems of analog devices in noisy environments. |
11,350 | Please write an abstract with title: EMC dipole array--Application to the realization of a shaped beam radiation pattern, and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Antenna radiation patterns, Phased arrays, Current distribution, Wideband, Power dividers, Phase shifters, Adaptive arrays, Mutual coupling, Microstrip. Abstract: This paper describes the realization of a relatively large shaped beam radiation pattern with a small linear array of E.M.C dipoles . The current distribution of the excitation has been chosen by the SCHELKUNOFF's method [1] extended to symmetrical radiation pattern . Wide band microstrip power divider and phase shifters have been used to adjust the current distribution . |
11,351 | Please write an abstract with title: Microscopic coupling metrics for refactoring, and key words: Microscopy, Robustness, Computer science, Encapsulation, Packaging, Life testing, Software testing, Message passing, Runtime, Software maintenance. Abstract: It is observed that most object oriented coupling metrics are macroscopic, which makes them unsuitable for making finer refactoring decisions. The notions of microscopic viewpoints and coupling projections are introduced. Existing metrics are classified in terms of viewpoints and projections. Two microscopic metrics called relative method coupling (RMC) and relative inward coupling (RIC) are introduced, and a method of applying them to refactoring is discussed. A case study is also included |
11,352 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive alignment packaging for 2-D arrays of free-space optical-interconnected optoelectronic systems, and key words: Packaging, Adaptive arrays, Computer errors, Optical arrays, Error correction, Adaptive optics, Optical feedback, Optical interconnections, Detectors, Signal detection. Abstract: An adaptive alignment scheme for packaging two-dimensional (2D) arrays of optoelectronic systems interconnected by free-space optics is presented. A method of using three quadrant detectors to detect alignment errors in six degrees of freedom is described. However, the complexity of this system increases due to the interactions among the detected error signals. A novel control algorithm is presented to eliminate the interaction and simplify the design of the closed-loop feedback control. A computer simulation compares different algorithms and shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. An experimental closed-loop feedback system demonstrated the principle of the error detection and correction of the proposed system with initial errors in multiple degrees of freedom. |
11,353 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-loss ultra-wideband (UWB) filters using suspended stripline, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Stripline, Resonator filters, Band pass filters, Strips, Capacitance, Circuit simulation, Microwave filters, Passband, Bandwidth. Abstract: Two types of suspended stripline ultra-wideband bandpass filters are described, one based on a standard lumped element (L-C) filter concept including transmission zeroes to improve the upper passband slope, and a second one consisting of the combination of a low-pass and a high-pass filter. |
11,354 | Please write an abstract with title: Shared Backup Path Protection-Based Resource Allocation Considering Inter-Core and Inter-Mode Crosstalk for Spectrally-Spatially Elastic Optical Networks, and key words: Resource management, Optimization, Optical fiber networks, Routing, Crosstalk, Indexes, Multicore processing. Abstract: In the future, the most challenging issue for network operators will be to provide survivability against failure and enhance resource utilization simultaneously in spectrally-spatially elastic optical networks (SS-EONs). To address the above issue, this letter, for the first time, proposes a shared backup path protection-based resource allocation model considering inter-core and inter-mode crosstalks (XTs) for offline SS-EONs. The proposed model introduces two optimization problems as integer linear programming (ILP), which are based on XT-avoided and XT-aware resource allocation, to minimize the highest utilized spectrum slot index. Heuristic approaches are introduced for a network where ILP is not tractable. |
11,355 | Please write an abstract with title: Market power in developing countries, and key words: Electricity supply industry, Power generation economics, Power generation, Environmental economics, Power system modeling, Power industry, Guidelines, Government, Asia, Failure analysis. Abstract: This paper elaborates on the major factors that drive market power in developing countries. These factors include (i) inherited-structural/political considerations that impact the ability of suppliers to exercise horizontal market power, (ii) economic/market drivers that determine the degree of competition and (iii) physical forces that significantly influence the design of market architecture and the degree of market power. In addition, some forms of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) in the form of suppliers' proportional energy share, taking into account both political induction (i.e. cartel arrangement) an physical constraints (i.e. transmission congestion and local markets) are also presented. Numerical examples using a 14-suppliers in a 14-node system market are also presented to illustrate the results of the proposed indices. |
11,356 | Please write an abstract with title: IDEAL: An Interactive De-Anonymization Learning System, and key words: Data privacy, Cleaning, Publishing, Social network services, System analysis and design, Internet, Topology. Abstract: In the era of digital communities, a massive volume of data is created from people's online activities on a daily basis. Such data is sometimes shared with third-parties for commercial benefits, which has caused people's concerns about privacy disclosure. Privacy preserving technologies have been developed to protect people's sensitive information in data publishing. However, due to the availability of data from other sources, e.g., blogging, it is still possible to de-anonymize users even from anonymized data sets. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Interactive De-Anonymization Learning system—IDEAL. The system can help students learn about de-anonymization through engaging hands-on activities, such as tuning different parameters to evaluate their impact on the accuracy of de-anonymization, and observing the affect of data anonymization on de-anonymization. A pilot lab session to evaluate the system was conducted among thirty-five students at Prairie View A&M University and the feedback was very positive. |
11,357 | Please write an abstract with title: Role of Internet of Things and Machine Learning in Precision Agriculture: A Short Review, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Irrigation, Power demand, Crops, Machine learning, Communications technology. Abstract: Precision Agriculture deals with the use of technology for modernizing agriculture. This is required as many of the agriculture practices utilize agriculture resources inefficiently like conventional methods of irrigation utilizing irrigation water. Internet of Things – IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks – WSN, and Machine Learning – ML are the technologies contributing and providing a lot of opportunities in Precision Agriculture. Precision Agriculture with IoT is also termed Agriculture 4.0. This article reviewed the various agricultural application makes the most use of these technologies. IoT with WSN nodes provides the mechanism for monitoring the agriculture variable along with the provision of control. IoT with ML helps in the monitoring and predicting the farmland or crop requirement such as irrigation requirement prediction. Various ML algorithms in the different agricultural applications are reviewed. The article also highlighted the challenges of using IoT and WSN for Precision Agriculture. |
11,358 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of alternate transmission of split apertures on bubble behavior and temperature rise for bubble-enhanced ultrasound treatment, and key words: Heating systems, Ultrasonic imaging, Apertures, Acoustics, Standards, Testing. Abstract: In a cavitation-enhanced HIFU treatment, it is important to avoid generating bubbles larger than the resonance size through the coalescence of bubbles induced by the Bjerknes forces. In this study, the effect of the temporal change in pressure field to suppress the bubble coalescence at the nodes and antinodes in the pressure field was investigated by testing the effect of transmission alternating split apertures on the cavitation region and temperature rise. |
11,359 | Please write an abstract with title: RST invariant digital image watermarking based on resynchronization, and key words: Digital images, Watermarking, Robustness, Information technology, Digital filters, Information filtering, Information filters, Protection, Image retrieval, Information retrieval. Abstract: The paper presents a new rotation, scaling and translation (RST) invariant digital image watermarking scheme based on log-polar mapping and the phase-only filtering method. The watermark is imperceptibly embedded in the spatial domain. Log-polar mapping and the phase-only filtering method are used to generate resistance to common geometric attacks such as rotation, scaling and translation. Experiments show that the proposed scheme is robust against various attacks, including geometric attacks. |
11,360 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Adaptive Robust Control for Low Voltage Ride-Through of Front-End Speed Regulation Wind Turbine, and key words: Wind turbines, Generators, Power system stability, Circuit faults, Mathematical model, Torque, Stability analysis. Abstract: This paper proposes a low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control method for the front-end speed regulation (FESR) wind turbine based on an improved adaptive robust control (IARC) to find the solution of the generator parameter variation by grid voltage dip and enhance the LVRT capability of the FESR. First, the FESR system mathematical models and the control objective of LVRT are analyzed. Then, in the improved adaptive robust controller, the Lyapunov function for three sub-systems and the energy function of the system are constructed. The excitation control law and parameter replacement law of the system are obtained by the error compensation term and additional control variable. The method makes the energy function satisfy the dissipation inequalities to guarantee the stability and ability to suppress disturbance of the system. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method, the proposed IARC is compared with the predictive fuzzy PID (PFPID) by time-domain simulations under different fault conditions. The results show that the proposed IARC can not only realize the rapid regulation of reactive power and effective resistance to grid voltage fluctuations but also improve robustness and transient stability of the system and enhance the LVRT performance of the FESR during the grid voltage dip. |
11,361 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Sub-20nm 4th generation DRAM cell transistor's parasitic resistance and scalable methodology for Sub-20nm era, and key words: sub-20nm DRAM, Cell transistor, DCC, GBC, tRDL. Abstract: The component of cell parasitic resistance at sub-20nm 4th generation DRAM cell transistor is investigated. To evaluate the cell characteristics, the Gate Buried Contact (GBC) to Active contact formation method with varied dopant concentrations was studied. We have discovered a scalable methodology that simultaneously reduces parasitic resistance and leakage with regard to Gate Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL). Also, we proved the importance of interface quality of Direct Contact on Cell (DCC) in order to reduce the parasitic resistance. The failure analysis is conducted by segmenting the resistance with Test Element Groups (TEGs) at wafer level. And the process windows and local variations from fabricated devices are electrically verified by core failure analysis. Through this investigation, we proposed the scalable methodology that can sustain generational scalability of DRAM. |
11,362 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial Data Warehouse Multidimensional Design Approach and Geo-Decisional Tool for Road Accidents Analysis, and key words: Data warehouses, Road accidents, Spatial databases, Geographic information systems, Tools, Design methodology. Abstract: Road accidents is a complex and dangerous phenomenon, which requires a deep analysis of a large amount of information available in several databases of the concerned national public and private institutions. To help on fighting against this phenomenon, we propose a design approach of a spatial data warehouse dedicated to OLAP and SOLAP road accident analysis. The design method is driven by the metadata that allows expressing the needs by taking into account the available data. Our approach can be classified as a supply-driven method; its nine steps cover the lifecycle of the design, from the sources metadata extraction to the physical model of the spatial data warehouse. To validate our approach, our developed spatial data warehouse is backed up with a decisional tool allowing OLAP and SOLAP analysis. We present some results of our experiments at an administrative district level scale. |
11,363 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of networked control systems with multiple-packet transmission, and key words: Control system analysis, Networked control systems, Communication system control, Control systems, Actuators, Delay effects, Clocks, Communication networks, Stability, Synchronization. Abstract: This paper studies the networked control systems with multiple-packet transmission. We consider time-driven sensors, event-driven controller and actuators in the MIMO NCS. Each sensor node transmits sampled data with one packet. We present the model of NCS with multiple-packet transmission. The stability of the system is also discussed. |
11,364 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of Hybrid Beamforming Precoders for Multiuser Millimeter Wave NOMA Systems, and key words: NOMA, Radio frequency, Channel models, Antennas, Array signal processing, Complexity theory, Receivers. Abstract: This paper proposes a low-complexity and energy efficient sub-connected structure (SCS) hybrid beamforming (HBF) and fully-connected structure (FCS) HBF for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems operating under line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) millimeter wave (mmW) environments. The mathematical model to maximize sum-rate and energy efficiency (EE) of these two HBF-NOMA configurations is formulated to corroborate our simulation results. We aim to maximize both the sum-rates and EEs of the SCS-HBF-NOMA and FCSHBF-NOMA systems via successive interference cancellation-zero forcing (SIC-ZF) and phased-zero forcing (P-ZF) schemes, respectively. Associated performance analysis under New York University (NYU) mmW channel model is investigated for both two and four users per cluster. It is found that our proposed SCS-HBF-NOMA generally yields higher EE than the FCS-HBF-NOMA in both LOS and NLOS links having high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime. Moreover, the proposed multistream HBF-NOMA leverages spatial multiplexing to attain higher sum-rates than the single stream counterpart. The employment of 3 bit quantization is capable of optimizing the sum-rate for energy efficient finite resolution HBFNOMA systems. Results also manifest that SCS-HBF structure with reduced antennas in its sub-array beamforms a wider beam capable of mitigating against the performance degradation on the account of channel imperfection in NOMA system. Furthermore, it is found that the number of users per cluster should be carefully selected for optimal performance of HBF-NOMA system. Lastly, space complexity of the HBF-NOMA scheme is found to be the lowest in P-ZF FCS-HBF-NOMA. |
11,365 | Please write an abstract with title: Carrier Arraying with Coupled Phase-Locked Loops for Tracking Improvement, and key words: Phased arrays, Phase locked loops, Tracking loops, Space vehicles, Receiving antennas, Master-slave, Aperture antennas, Signal to noise ratio, Satellite ground stations, Antenna arrays. Abstract: This paper considers a system that couples several phaselocked loops (PLL's) to improve carrier tracking performance. The system coherently combines the received carrier signals at geographically separated ground antennas to increase the total effective aperture. It automatically aligns the received carrier's phases to enhance received carrier signal-to-noise ratio. The tracking performance of this system is being assessed in terms of rms phase jitter. |
11,366 | Please write an abstract with title: DURATS: Distributed User-centric Radio Access Technology Selection framework, and key words: Wireless communication, Unicast, Decision making, Quality of service, Throughput, Heterogeneous networks, User experience. Abstract: Many studies have identified the numerous advantages of heterogeneous network architectures in enhancing resource efficiency and user experience. However, there are still open questions related to the decision-making process. In this paper, we present DURATS: Distributed User-centric Radio Access Technology Selection framework formulated as a Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem in the decision-making step. Realistic evaluation scenarios were conducted with a full-stack network simulator to prove the efficiency of this proposal. Our findings show the benefits of DURATS, under low and high-density network configurations, in enhancing network performance perceived by end-users while considering Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. |
11,367 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial semantic network and agent-based framework for spatial information interoperation, and key words: Spatial databases, Java, Information systems, Geographic Information Systems, Cities and towns, Educational institutions, Computer science, Electronic mail, Computer network management, Technology management. Abstract: In this paper, we study on an agent approach for synergetic management of the heterogeneous spatial information on the network. First, we focus on establishing a semantic network model for spatial information based on extended spatial metadata; secondly, we propose an agent-based interoperating framework among heterogeneous spatial databases based on spatial semantic network model; lastly, according to the framework, we implement a core agent system named PKU Agent System (PAS) for spatial information interoperation on the network using Java language. |
11,368 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Analysis of Student Portrait Based on Campus Big Data, and key words: Data analysis, Conferences, Education, Decision making, Big Data, Feature extraction, Data mining. Abstract: With the rapid development of smart campuses, college business platforms have gradually accumulated a large amount of student behavior data. Facing the massive campus data, how to extract the hidden and valuable information from it has become an urgent problem for universities to solve. In this project, an user model with five dimensions is proposed, in which include students' basic information, learning ability, consumption level, daily habits and interest preferences. Based on the method of data collection, processing and mining, the students' feature attributes are extracted and student portraits are constructed. Finally, the experimental results show that the student portrait constructed can well describe the digital features of student users, and to a certain extent, provide data basis for decision- making support of teaching management department in universities. |
11,369 | Please write an abstract with title: e-SEVA for LPG Delivery, and key words: Mobile applications, Business, Computer science, Password, Mobile handsets, Servers, Registers. Abstract: Mobiles have become the basic necessity for life and so are mobile applications. The mobile applications have developed a new era for business and marketing. This evolution has decreased the business of traditional marketing and people choose online purchasing rather than purchasing goods in the shops. In a similar way, this paper includes the marketing of two types of items such as water can and gas cylinders. All the procedures of delivering a gas cylinder or watercan can be done through a mobile application. In earlier days the task of choosing the supplier and selling it to the customer was done manually. Our aim in this paper is to create a bridge between the customer and the supplier. The supplier is selected based on the nearest location of the customer. The development of technology has led to human convenience and effective marketing. |
11,370 | Please write an abstract with title: Radial force reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor for EV application, and key words: Vibrations, Torque, Magnetic cores, Force, Rotors, Switches, Switched reluctance motors. Abstract: This paper presents the radial force reduction techniques of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for Electric Vehicle (EV) application. Even though SRM has more advantages over other electrical machines, the higher torque ripple limits its application in the automobile industry. The radial component of the electromagnetic force generates torque ripple and vibration. In this paper, two different geometrical modifications, SRM with circular holes and SRM with rectangular windows on the rotor along the axial direction are proposed to reduce the radial force. The geometrical parameters of the SRM are obtained from the basic output equation. The static and dynamic analysis of conventional and proposed SRM configurations are presented and reported the results. Mass and mass moment of inertia of the motor are the key factors for the EV application. The mass of the rotor is calculated analytically and compared with the simulation results. The FEA analysis of conventional and modified 4 phase 8/6, SRM configurations is carried out using the electromagnetic design tool MagNet to verify the analytical results. |
11,371 | Please write an abstract with title: ADP-Based Spacecraft Attitude Control Under Actuator Misalignment and Pointing Constraints, and key words: Actuators, Space vehicles, Attitude control, Optimal control, Torque, Payloads, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: This article is devoted to real-time optimal attitude reorientation control of rigid spacecraft control. Particularly, two typical practical problems—actuator misalignment and forbidden pointing constraints are considered. Within the framework of adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), a novel constrained optimal attitude control scheme is proposed.In this design, a special reward function is developed to characterize the environment feedback and deal with the pointing constraints. Notably, a novel argument term is introduced to the reward function for overcoming the inevitable difficulty in the actuator misalignment. By virtue of the Lyapunov stability theory, the ultimate boundedness of state error and the optimality of the proposed method can be guaranteed. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the developed ADP-based controller are evaluated by not only numerical simulations but also experimental tests with a hardware-in-loop platform. |
11,372 | Please write an abstract with title: RakshaNet: URL - Aware Malicious Website Classifier, and key words: Uniform resource locators, Machine learning algorithms, Software algorithms, Receivers, Feature extraction, Software, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Software revolution has resulted in a hyperbolic increase in internet browsing, making internet security a vital issue. Most naive users typically visit unknown websites, and due to their lack of awareness and software proficiency, malicious websites pose a significant threat to their data and security. This paper proposes a classification algorithm that determines whether a website is malicious or benign based on its application layer and network layer features. These features are extracted from the header and body of the HTTP/HTTPS request/response of a website, upon which the ML algorithm acts to determine whether the website is malicious. The client-server data can be intercepted using a proxy service, such as the Squid proxy, and the ML classifier runs as part of the Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP). If a website is determined as potentially malicious, the user shall be notified immediately and redirected back to the previous benign webpage. The URL parameters extracted include the Server name, DNS query time, TCP details, etc., which are chosen after extensive study of the contribution of these features (importance) to the classification. The study is performed on the decision tree and random forest supervised machine learning algorithms, and it is observed that the random forest algorithm is the most suitable ML classification methodology, achieving a test accuracy of 92%. The classification performance is visualized with the help of the confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 84%. Thus, this paper proposes an end-to-end software that utilises the random forest algorithm for the classification of websites as malicious or benign, and preempt users from accessing harmful websites. |
11,373 | Please write an abstract with title: The status of the construction and the performance of the ATLAS liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeters, and key words: Argon, Energy resolution, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Wheels, Quality control, Assembly, Anodes, Electrodes, Electrons. Abstract: The construction of the ATLAS liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeters is about to be completed. The barrel calorimeter and the first end-cap are inserted in their cryostats. The quality control performed during the production has resulted in only a very small fraction of malfunctioning channels (/spl sim/0.1%) and a low constant term in the energy resolution. Several modules of the calorimeter and their corresponding presampler sectors have been tested in electron beams, and their energy resolution has been shown to be within the ATLAS requirements. The local constant term is better than 0.4% for all measured cells and the global constant term which includes the cell-to-cell response variation is less than 0.7%. |
11,374 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Autonomous Magnetic Permeability Sensor, and key words: Permeability, Magnetic cores, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic circuits, Amorphous magnetic materials, Magnetic hysteresis, Generators. Abstract: In our days, there is an undeniable need for control over the quality of metals in machines, metal components, tools, and construction materials during production and maintenance. Nondestructive testing sensors have been proven to be the most effective way of determining the quality of the composition of materials since they can detect flaws, not only during their construction but also during maintenance, without interfering with, or obstructing, their use. This article focuses on the measurement of the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic steels and alloys as a nondestructive method of correlating magnetic properties with residual stresses based on the use of a yoke-shaped sensor. Most importantly, an electromagnetic energy harvesting system has been designed and tested, based on the exploitation of mechanical vibrations. The combination of the sensor and the energy harvesting system can lead to an energy autonomous device, which can be placed in inaccessible locations for remote nondestructive testing where measurements can be taken and transmitted autonomously every 10 min. Said transmission is realized by a network of yoke sensors in multiplex configuration and sent to a central sensor, leading to an Internet of Things usable device. |
11,375 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Assessment of Media Literacy Skills of Undergraduate Engineering Students, and key words: Media, Behavioral sciences, Engineering students, Fake news. Abstract: Media literacy is usually defined as the ability to be aware, access, evaluate, and produce media content. Additionally, it also includes the ability to critically consider not just the content, but the intentions and values of those who produce and distribute media. In today’s online world polluted by fake news and biased media, the importance of media literacy is indisputable. The aim of the research is to examine the media literacy of first-year undergraduate engineering students, as well as students’ perceptions and behavior related to some media literacy aspects. Survey results provide an insight into students’ perceptions of their media habits and suggest students believe they have a decent knowledge of media literacy-related concepts, as well as skills and confidence needed for handling information found online. |
11,376 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy discrete particle swarm optimization for solving traveling salesman problem, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Traveling salesman problems, Cities and towns, Fuzzy sets, Concrete, Educational institutions, Computer science, NP-hard problem, Testing, Random number generation. Abstract: Particle swarm optimization, as an evolutionary computing technique, has succeeded in many continuous problems, but research on discrete problems especially combinatorial optimization problem has been done little according to Kennedy and Eberhart (1997) and Mohan and Al-kazemi (2001). In this paper, a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed to solve a typical combinatorial optimization problem: traveling salesman problem (TSP), which is a well-known NP-hard problem. Fuzzy matrices were used to represent the position and velocity of the particles in PSO and the operators in the original PSO formulas were redefined. Then the algorithm was tested with concrete examples in TSPLIB, experiment shows that the algorithm can achieve good results. |
11,377 | Please write an abstract with title: Mining Association Rules of Train Dispatching Strategy in a High-speed Railway System, and key words: Correlation, Layout, Transportation, Dispatching, Rail transportation, Delays, Safety. Abstract: Intelligent commanding of high-speed railways can be improved by mining and analyzing rules between various train delay factors and train dispatching strategies. Based on high-speed railway train operation data in China, rules between dispatching strategy and train operation indicators (e.g., dwelling times, and buffer times) at stations are explored. First, the data were preprocessed, and the dispatching strategies at stations were extracted. Then, indicators related to the station dispatching strategy were extracted. Finally, the Apriori algorithm was used to generate association rules between the dispatching strategy and the train operation indicators. The analysis shows that the association analysis method can effectively extract potential rules between the train dispatching strategy and station indicators and provide auxiliary decision support for the realization of intelligent dispatching of high-speed railways. |
11,378 | Please write an abstract with title: Failure Modes of Beam-Lead Semiconductors in Thin-Film Hybrid Microcircuits, and key words: Semiconductor thin films, Hybrid integrated circuits, Semiconductor device reliability, Bonding, Silicon, Coatings, Metallization, Production, Cities and towns, Digital integrated circuits. Abstract: Beam-lead semiconductor and passive devices have been utilized in hybrid microcircuits (HMC) to provide higher reliability. This is derived from the beam-lead device's improved bonding integrity plus the silicon nitride coating which reduces sensitivity to contaminants; however, their size requires special handling techniques to prevent handling damage. Other failure modes exist such as cracked nitride, pinholes in the nitride, inadequate plating, and smeared metallization. After two years of production usage totaling approximately 150 000 devices, The Bendix Corporation's Kansas City Division has compiled significant data on beam-lead devices including small-signal and power discrete semiconductors and digital integrated circuits. These failure modes are characterized and precautionary measures are described to minimize failures in HMC usage. |
11,379 | Please write an abstract with title: Electronic techniques and devices for planned relocation of equipment in shallow water (to 30 fathoms), and key words: History. Abstract: The question is asked "Why is equipment still being lost in shallow water?" A tentative answer is given that users expect both too much and too little from existing electronic relocation devices and techniques. These expectations are discussed through a review of the types of electronic devices and techniques now commercially available. Included are discussions of active and passive sonar systems (diver-held and shipboard) as well as visual, magnetic, and radio frequency aids. Exploration of the status of frequency standardization in selected mission equipment will be briefly mentioned. The role of the computer in devising search patterns and in estimating relocation probabilities is also noted. Selected case histories of both successful and unsuccessful shallow water relocation operations are presented to illustrate problem areas and potential solutions. A projection is made of future applications in which relocation of equipment in shallow water will become increasingly important. |
11,380 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical insulation characteristics in nitrogen gas and air at cryogenic temperatures, and key words: Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Gas insulation, Nitrogen, Cryogenics, Temperature, Breakdown voltage, Electrodes, Corona, Length measurement, Electric variables measurement. Abstract: In designing superconducting power apparatus, gaseous insulation characteristics at cryogenic temperature are essential as well as liquid ones. The authors have studied the discharge characteristics of relatively longer-gap configurations in air and nitrogen gas at cryogenic temperature. A sphere-to-sphere electrode with the gap length of 20 to 150 mm is used for measurements in uniform electric field. The breakdown voltage characteristics obey Paschen's law even at cryogenic temperature while quasi-uniform electric field is maintained in case of 50 Hz AC and DC voltage application, but doesn't obey in the case of lightning impulse voltage application. A rod-to-plane electrode with the gap length of 20 to 330 mm is used for measurements in nonuniform electric field. In air at cryogenic temperature and nitrogen gas at both room and cryogenic temperature, streamer-like corona discharge appears near the tip of rod electrode before the breakdown, and the breakdown voltage increases linearly with gap length. In air at room temperature thin film-like corona discharge, however, appears near the tip of rod electrode before the breakdown, and the breakdown voltage becomes higher than the other case. In order to examine the variation of corona discharge characteristics, some additional experiments are conducted. As a result, it becomes clear that thin film-like glow corona discharge appears when negative gas is contained and sufficient electrons are supplied from the cathode. |
11,381 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiprobe Radiation Simulation Method for Phased Array Radar Performance Evaluation, and key words: Radar, Radar antennas, Anechoic chambers, Phased arrays, Probes, Radar tracking, Radio frequency. Abstract: The phased array radar exhibits improved tracking accuracy and anti-jamming performance with multi-beam tracking, beam agility, and adaptive beam-forming capabilities. The performance evaluation of the phased array radar is essential for the product designing and development stage. However, the conventional injection simulation and triad radiation simulation methods are not suitable for phased array radars. Therefore, new methods for radiation simulation are required on an urgent basis for the performance evaluation of phased array radars in a reliable, reliable, and repeatable way. This paper focuses on designing a practical anechoic chamber system of multi-probe radiation suitable for phased array radars. The appropriate test distance, the physical size of the anechoic chamber, the multi-probe radiation signal model, and the number of probes required were discussed. Furthermore, an inversion method based on least squares was proposed to solve the complex weights of the probes, thereby simulating the desired apparent center position. The simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
11,382 | Please write an abstract with title: You Got the Job! Understanding Hiring Decisions for Robots as Organizational Members, and key words: Technology acceptance model, Social robots, Psychology, Humanoid robots, Focusing, Organizations, Robots. Abstract: As social robots will likely be central to future human-robot interactions at work, we assess hiring decisions for social robots as a natural first step prior to their integration into organizations. With a basis in the technology acceptance model and social identity theory, this study focuses on differences between humanoid robotic, android robotic and human candidates. We first examine performance-based evaluations of the applicants by focusing on expectation disconfirmation. While for the human candidate, the interplay between expectations and experiences is decisive for the judgement, for social robots, the actual experience of the hiring situation dominates the decision. Besides the rational decision criteria, we further look into social-cue-based evaluations as social biases in hiring situations. Categorization as social ingroup leads to an absolute preference for the human candidate (i.e., ingroup favoritism) with no differences in preference for the robotic social outgroup (i.e., outgroup homogeneity effect). |
11,383 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study of Dynamic Adaptation Algorithms for Enhanced Service Differentiation in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Quality of service, Throughput, Delay, Wireless LAN, Traffic control, Personal digital assistants, Channel capacity. Abstract: EDCA is a contention-based channel access scheme defined in the IEEE 802.11e standard, and is part of HCCA for infrastructure networks, however it may be used as a separate coordination function for wireless ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we present two main schemes that extend EDCA with a dynamic adaptation algorithm enabling each station to tune the size of the CWmin used in its back-off algorithm at run time. The performance of the IEEE 802.11e EDCA, enhanced with our adaptation algorithms, is extensively investigated by simulations and compared with other contention window adaptation schemes, such as, Adaptive EDCF (AEDCF), and Slow Decrease (SD) schemes. Results obtained indicate that our CWmin adaptation schemes outperform basic EDCA, AEDCF and SD in terms of channel utilization, throughput, and packet delay. We show through simulations that the delays for high priority and medium priority access categories decrease by up to 63% and up to 96% respectively. We also show that the total throughput increases by up to 24%, and channel capacity is at least 30% higher as compared to EDCA. |
11,384 | Please write an abstract with title: A multisensor image fusion algorithm based on PCNN, and key words: Image fusion, Neurons, Brain modeling, Image processing, Neural networks, Mathematics, Mathematical model, Joining processes, Automation, Humans. Abstract: Based on the principle of pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN), a novel algorithm for multisensor image fusion is presented. Firstly a contrast pyramid decomposition of source images is performed, and then the contrast pyramids are used as the input of PCNN. The contrast is selected based on the number of output pulse of PCNN to realize image fusion. The novel algorithm utilizes the global feature of source images because PCNN has the global coupled and pulse synchronization characteristics. It accords with the physiological characteristic of human visual neural system. The novel algorithm is applied to fuse charge-coupled device (CCD) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and the fusion result is compared with those of some other fusion methods through some performance evaluation measures for fusion effect. Comparison results show that the novel fusion algorithm is effective. |
11,385 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing an ELM-Based Driver Distraction Detection System, and key words: Vehicles, Task analysis, Visualization, Proposals, Feature extraction, Automobiles, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) have been progressively incorporated into commercial vehicles in recent years. All these systems are paving the way for the forthcoming autonomous vehicle which will become a reality in the near future. Existing systems are based on numerous electronic systems with advanced skills, high performances, and high degrees of adaptability and intelligence. As is to be expected, these cutting-edge features require, in most cases, the use of powerful computing platforms. However, the deployment of such platforms is not an easy task, since they have to be integrated in the vehicle where there exist important restrictions regarding size, power consumption and cost. In this sense, every smart proposal aimed at reducing the complexity of these systems without degrading performance, is always a valuable contribution in the field. In this work, we propose a methodology to reduce the dimensionality of a driver distraction recognition system. The methodology is based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm that looks for the minimum set of useful features collected during the driving task and also for the simplest recognition system. The recognition algorithm is an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) whose simplicity and fast learning procedure make it especially suitable to be used by a Genetic Algorithm which needs to evaluate thousands of candidate solutions. The proposed methodology has been tested with a real-world database collected from different drivers performing an itinerary with an instrumented car. The results obtained validate the proposal as a method to reduce the complexity of a driver distraction recognition system. |
11,386 | Please write an abstract with title: The Optimization of ECG-Leads Based Cardiovascular Abnormal Detection Scheme, and key words: Heart, Recurrent neural networks, Pandemics, Electrocardiography, Lead, Feature extraction, Data models. Abstract: An electrocardiogram, often known as an ECG, is a diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the heart in order to identify potential heart abnormalities. Although the normal 12-lead ECG is the dominant approach in cardiac diagnostics, it is still challenging to identify distinct heart illnesses using a single lead or a reduced number of leads. Automatic diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities via the ECG with a reduced lead system (less than the typical 12-lead system) may give a helpful diagnostic alternative to traditional 12-lead ECG equipment that is both simple to use and less expensive. This alternative uses fewer leads than the standard system. This study considers the use of Recurrent Neural Networks Long Short-Term Memory (RNN- LSTM) to identify the ability to use less standard ECG leads to detect cardiac abnormalities using various lead combinations, including 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 12 lead ECG data. The results of this investigation are presented in this article. Data pre-processing, model design, and hyperparameter tuning are all essential for RNN-LSTM multi-label classification. The initial step was to pre-process the ECG readings to eliminate the base-line wander noise for ECG signals; the next stage is lead combination selection and clipped to have an equal duration of 10 seconds at various used leads. The gathered results show a possibility of using a single lead instead of multiple leads for preliminary cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) identification. It is a critical issue, especially during emergencies such as the COVID- 19 pandemic or in crowded hospitals when medical resources are limited and online (internet-based) monitoring technologies are vital. |
11,387 | Please write an abstract with title: Multichannel amplification in strongly pumped EDFAs, and key words: Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Equations, Optical amplifiers, Optical fiber amplifiers, Wavelength division multiplexing, High power amplifiers, Numerical models, Spontaneous emission, Optical scattering, Analytical models. Abstract: Multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are analyzed based on a rate-equation model. Forward pumping is considered and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) as well as scattering loss are taken into account. An analytical approximation to calculate the amplification in high-power multichannel EDFAs is also introduced in this paper. Results for both the numerical and approximate analytical models are derived and discussed. It is shown that under the considered conditions, the analytical solutions provide a good approximation to the exact numerical solution and thus may be used for the design of such amplifiers. |
11,388 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Range Query of Fault Equipment Location Based on Breadth and Depth Ratio of the Binary Tree Model, and key words: Industries, Manufacturing processes, Fault detection, Binary trees, Vegetation, Manuals, Big Data. Abstract: The requirement for detecting faulty equipment is widespread in the industry. In today's big data era, using big data features to detect equipment is facing new opportunities and challenges. In order to improve the efficiency of faulty equipment detection, we found the characteristics of the binary tree that are suitable for manufacturing processes of the current status. In practice, this paper establishes a binary tree model for the manufacturing process. Then, in order to analyze and study the breadth traversal process and depth traversal process of bad nodes in binary tree, this paper proposes a location method of breadth and depth ratio. Finally, the location range of the faulty equipment (bad node) is quickly found due to the influence of breadth and depth ratio. The experimental results show the difference between the existing mechanisms of detection and position. In terms of accuracy and efficiency, both methods of deep traversal and breadth traversal have their own advantages in different devices and processes. To compare with the two methods, the detection method of breadth and depth ratio in this paper has the characteristics of higher efficiency, feasibility and accuracy. |
11,389 | Please write an abstract with title: Systematic review for determining the design associated to green electrical building in commercial sites, and key words: Economics, Heating systems, Renewable energy sources, Energy consumption, Systematics, Green buildings, Biological system modeling. Abstract: In this paper, the design criteria for green buildings have been analyzed in order to reduce the industrial electrical energy consumption, through the analysis of the research articles in Science Direct, SCOPUS and IEEE, with the Population, intervention, comparison, outcome and context (PICOC) methodology for the systematic review. Our findings have demonstrated the use of BUSBAR type conductors, the inclusion of refrigeration, heating and energy (CCHP), as an economic and ecological technology; on the other hand, the proliferation of smart cities and sensors with a better understand occupant behavior and energy use patterns on an urban scale, besides, the use of LED lighting in common areas helps with high luminous efficiency and long useful life compared to other types of light fixtures; finally, the references applied to urban cities are 19 from 165 papers from 2015 to 2021. It should be used with a non-linear programming model (MINLP) for a combined CCHP system together with renewable energy, so that the rate of CO2 emissions can be reduced suddenly, besides, the PV solar panels allows with the BESS to achieve energy savings with exogenous artificial neural network. |
11,390 | Please write an abstract with title: Spline nonlinear adaptive filter with cross-terms, and key words: Splines (mathematics), Adaptive systems, Nonlinear systems, Indexes, Adaptation models, Interpolation, Ear. Abstract: This paper proposes an extension of the recently proposed generalized spline nonlinear adaptive filter (GSNAF) to include suitable cross-terms which are products of input samples with different time shifts. In the proposed method, an adaptive spline function is extended to a two-dimensional adaptive function with two sets of inputs. The simulations show that in nonlinear system models having hard nonlinearities and cross-terms, the proposed filter can provide comparable or better performance compared to third-order Volterra filters and GSNAF. |
11,391 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimizing the Routing Cost During Logic Extraction, and key words: Routing, Cost function, CMOS technology, Minimization, Circuit synthesis, Delay estimation, CMOS logic circuits, Timing, Contracts, Phase measurement. Abstract: This paper describes techniques for reducing the routing cost during logic extraction. Two routing cost functions derived from the global structure of a boolean network are analyzed and the effectiveness of each cost function is compared against the conventional literal savings cost function. Experimental results obtained with these routing cost functions are presented and discussed in detail. |
11,392 | Please write an abstract with title: Auxiliary potentials in pseudochiral omega media, and key words: Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic domains, Magnetic analysis, Dielectrics, Current, Couplings, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Phase shifters, Electromagnetic waveguides. Abstract: The expressions for scalar and vector potentials due to axial electric and magnetic current sources within pseudochiral omega media are derived in this work. The E/spl I.oarr/ and H/spl I.oarr/fields in terms of these potentials are obtained. A method of analyzing the EM fields in the spectral domain due to a VED source outside a pseudochiral omega half space is introduced. It is observed that for the case of axial current sources, similar to common dielectric media, there is no magneto-electric cross coupling via current sources in pseudochiral omega media. |
11,393 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous distributed parallel programming for coordination in software development, and key words: Parallel programming, Concurrent computing, Parallel processing, Middleware, Application software, Object oriented modeling, Specification languages, Computer languages, Isolation technology, Software maintenance. Abstract: We are presenting a formal specification-based approach to heterogeneous distributed parallel programming. A specification language is used to describe system behaviors. The specification is then analyzed to create a multiparty interaction interface description describing the properties of the multiparty interactions among processes. Our language mapping approach allows a multiparty interaction interface description automatically created in any target programming language. Developers can then write a program in the target language to include the description for execution. A familiar programming model is provided to support implicit communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism in systems through an implicit coordination-oriented approach. In other words, developers do not have to explicitly express communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism when they are developing heterogeneous distributed and parallel systems. |
11,394 | Please write an abstract with title: Empirical Transfer Function Estimation With Differential Filtering and Its Application to Fine Positioning Control of Galvano Scanner, and key words: Estimation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Transfer functions, Servomotors, Frequency estimation, Frequency response, Filtering. Abstract: Fast and precise point-to-point (PTP) positioning control is a critical technology for improving the throughput and product quality of industrial machines. This study aims to investigate the frequency response function (FRF) estimation method with differential filtering (ETFE-Diff: empirical transfer function estimation with differential filtering) that uses the input and output signals of PTP motion during processing operation and to apply ETFE-Diff to a feedforward (FF) compensation adjustment. In this study, the principle of ETFE-Diff for FRF estimation was clarified, compared to the existing FRF estimation methods, i.e., empirical transfer function estimation and local rational modeling. Moreover, the effectiveness of ETFE-Diff for FF compensation adjustment in improving positioning accuracy of a galvano scanner as an industrial servo system was experimentally demonstrated. |
11,395 | Please write an abstract with title: Review: Combating High Temperature Challenges using Pyrosic Material, and key words: Vibrations, Temperature distribution, Composite materials, Titanium, Distance measurement, Time measurement, Ceramics. Abstract: Current disruptive technologies are making it feasible to attain parameters, which were beyond imagination so far. In our pursuit for speed and to develop faster machines using these technologies, materials to withstand such aggressive operating atmosphere, poses great challenges, especially when encountering high temperature. Composite materials are evolving much of the new generation material which can withstand an operating temperature in excess of 2000° F. Composite materials find a successful wide application especially when they are helping in reducing the weight of the components and optimizing their design, especially in aerospace, defense, motorsports and many such high-performance applications. Despite of numerous enhancements in the field ceramic matrix & organic matrix composites, practical results are far from over. Light weighted materials which have capability of replacing Inconel, steel, and titanium in between temperature range of 300° F to 1000° F is a major challenge. Pyrosic materials are obviating this challenge to a very large extent. The main aim of our study through this paper is to establish the presence of glass ceramic matrix composite, which can be effectively used in the material to withstand the temperature ranging from 1000° F to 2000° F. |
11,396 | Please write an abstract with title: Language Acquisition with Echo State Networks: Towards Unsupervised Learning, and key words: Computational modeling, Reservoirs, Training, Robots, Brain modeling, Mathematical model, Grounding. Abstract: The modeling of children language acquisition with robots is a long quest paved with pitfalls. Recently a sentence parsing model learning in cross-situational conditions has been proposed: it learns from the robot visual representations. The model, based on random recurrent neural networks (i.e. reservoirs), can achieve significant performance after few hundreds of training examples, more quickly that what a theoretical model could do. In this study, we investigate the developmental plausibility of such model: (i) if it can learn to generalize from single-object sentence to double-object sentence; (ii) if it can use more plausible representations: (ii.a) inputs as sequence of phonemes (instead of words) and (ii.b) outputs fully independent from sentence structure (in order to enable purely unsupervised cross-situational learning). Interestingly, tasks (i) and (ii.a) are solved in a straightforward fashion, whereas task (ii.b) suggest that that learning with tensor representations is a more difficult task. |
11,397 | Please write an abstract with title: Extending the innovation ecosystem, and key words: Technological innovation, Ecosystems, Software systems, Application software, Councils, Programming, Government, Innovation management. Abstract: What Is Innovation? It's not always about inventing something entirely new. Innovation occurs at the intersection of invention and insight. It's about the application of invention - the fusion of new developments and new approaches to solve problems. (Sam Palmisano, Delivered at the Council on Competitiveness Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., October 30, 2003). |
11,398 | Please write an abstract with title: Using fuzzy sets Qualitative Comparative Configuration to Predict Consumer Travel Behavior from Instagram: The Role of Social Media Influencers, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Social networking (online), Multimedia Web sites, Behavioral sciences, Information management, Business. Abstract: During the last few years, social media influencers (SMIs) have increasingly evolved into independently operating entities with the capability of influencing their audiences. SMI on Instagram is increasingly being used as a marketing communication tool by businesses due to its popularity and effectiveness. Only a few studies have investigated how social media influence travel behavior in tourism. This study examines whether SMI can affect the travel behavior of Instagram followers. SMI is determined by taking into account attractiveness, similarity, and expertise. SMI generates Para social interactions with followers and establishes trust by promoting destinations based on these three dimensions. In this study, the sample consists of Instagram users who watch travel-related content. A purposive sampling technique is used in which there is a set of criteria for selecting a participant. We obtained 364 responses from an online survey. The data were analyzed using fsQCA 3.0. The fsQCA results confirm the presence of two configurations with high travel intentions. According to the causal conditions configuration presented in this study, one exists an interdimensional relationship between SMIs (attractiveness, similarity, and expertise), trust, and parasocial interaction in terms of travel intention. This study also contributes a great deal of theoretical insight and managerial implications regarding how scholars and tourism managers can leverage SMIs to create high travel intentions. |
11,399 | Please write an abstract with title: Accuracy of Determining the Objects Coordinates in TDoA Positioning Systems Taking Into Account the Attenuation of UWB Signals in the Range-Variant Radio Channel, and key words: time difference of arrival, ultra-wideband signal, fluctuations in the arrival time, positioning, hyperbolic equations, Gaussian pulse. Abstract: The accuracy of determining the objects coordinates in the time difference of arrival (TDoA) positioning system based on an algorithm for the exact analytical solution of hyperbolic equations is assessed. A ultra-wideband (UWB) signal in the form of the second derivative of a Gaussian pulse is used as a transmitter signal when simulating the assessment of positioning accuracy. The base stations (BSs) are supposed to use optimal receivers. Fluctuations in the arrival time of UWB pulses at base station (BS) receivers are determined by the attenuation of the signal as it propagates from the target transmitter to the BS receivers. During simulating that fluctuations in the arrival time determine the standard deviation of determining the coordinates of the object, that is, the accuracy of the positioning system. It has been established that the proposed algorithm for the exact analytical solution of hyperbolic equations ensures uniform accuracy in determining the coordinates of an object in the TDoA positioning system working area and a low root-means-square (RMS) value when determining the coordinates of an object. |
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