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11,700 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Frame-Accurate H. 264/MPEG-4 AVC Editing Method, and key words: MPEG 4 Standard, Automatic voltage control, Decoding, Degradation, Transform coding, Laboratories, Computational complexity, Multimedia communication, Research and development, Bit rate. Abstract: H.264/MPEG-4 AVC has become widely used in various applications and services because of its high coding efficiency. With the spread of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC contents, it has been strongly required to edit the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC coded contents with less computational complexity since the compression of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC requires far more processing power than other existing formats such as MPEG-4, MPEG-2. In this paper, we propose a fast frame-accurate editing method for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC contents. In the proposed method, we employed "adaptive bit allocation and GOP-length modification" and "Re-quantization scheme with drift noise management" The proposed editing method can realize frame-accurate cut and splice editing regardless of picture coding types I, P, and B. In the experiment, we could also confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of processing power and the picture quality of the edited contents when compared with conventional editing |
11,701 | Please write an abstract with title: U-Net-based COVID-19 CT Image Semantic Segmentation: A Transfer Learning Approach, and key words: COVID-19, Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Computational modeling, Transfer learning, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing. Abstract: Deep learning (DL) algorithms are widely applied in many disciplines such as medical imaging, bioinformatics, and computer vision. DL models have been used in medical imaging to perform image segmentation, classification, and detection. During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, DL has been extensively used to develop COVID-19 screening systems. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard method for COVID-19 screening. However, DL has been proposed to detect patients infected with COVID-19 through radiological imaging in Chest X-rays and chest computed tomography (CT) images. This paper proposes transfer learning to train modified U-Net models to segment the COVID-19 chest CT images into two regions of lung infection (ground-glass and consolidation). The proposed modified U-Net models were constructed by replacing the encoder part with a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Three pre-trained CNN models, namely, EfficientNet-b0, EfficientNet-b1, and EfficientNet-b2 were used. The proposed models were evaluated on the COVID-19 CT Images Segmentation dataset available in an open Kaggle challenge. The obtained results show that the proposed EfficientNet-b2_U-Net model yielded the highest FScore of 0.5666. |
11,702 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Approach for Text Segmentation in Document Analysis, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Text analysis, Recurrent neural networks, Information retrieval, Optical character recognition software, Testing. Abstract: Text segmentation plays an essential role in both page segmentation and document reading comprehension. In this manuscript, we present a system to separate the page into homogeneous regions that can serve to extract information. Our approach is based on the U-Net network platform to extract text-lines, then the text lines will be read by an OCR system which is developed based on Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN). We group the text-lines and OCR results simultaneously based on the idea from the DBSCAN algorithm. Our system also contains the support modules such as template matching and deskew to improve the performance. To materialize and evaluate ideas, we built a complete Vietnamese data set for training and testing. As a result, we get over 90% accuracy in both Vietnamese and English languages. |
11,703 | Please write an abstract with title: An External Calibration Method for the Circular Scanning Device Used for Bend Tube Intelligent Inspection, and key words: Rails, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Fitting, Measurement uncertainty, Data integration, Inspection. Abstract: In order to realize the intelligent inspection of bend tube processing defects, such as the wrinkles and the ovality, a 3D scanning device composed of a linear translation stage and four uniformly distributed laser profilers (LPs) is built in this paper. For the external calibration of this type of device, the major contribution of this paper are: 1) A 3D calibration object composed of three non-collinear target balls (TBs) is designed. Even if the scanning angle of each LP is limited, there are still common geometric features. 2) A frame-by-frame fusion method for scan data from multiple LPs that only requires one set of rail parameters is proposed to avoid the introduction of multiple sets of rail errors that affect equipment calibration and data fusion. When calculating the parameters, the shape error of the TBs after fusing the scan data of each LP is taken as the objective function, and the nonlinear least square method is used to solve the problem. Finally, the scan data fusion can maintain the accuracy and stability of the shape. The fitting error of the TB with a nominal radius of 19.05mm does not increase with the increase of the guideway stroke, the average fitting error of the radius is stable at about 0.0014mm, and the average RMSE of the surface point is stable at about 0.0426mm. |
11,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Maximum-Rank Arrays for Two-Dimensional Mirrored Aperture Synthesis, and key words: Correlation, Mathematical model, Antenna arrays, Optimization, Apertures, Brightness temperature, Image reconstruction. Abstract: In 2-D mirrored aperture synthesis (2-D MAS), the array configuration determines the rank of the transformation matrix, which can affect the accuracy of the solved cosine visibilities. Ultimately, errors in solved cosine visibilities degrade the quality of reconstructed brightness temperature images. In this letter, the maximum rank of the transformation matrix is analyzed and proven by mathematical induction. An array optimization model of 2-D MAS based on the “maximum-rank” criterion is established, and optimal arrays are presented. Finally, the simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization model. |
11,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral Privacy Detection on Black-box Graph Neural Networks, and key words: GNN, Spectral, Black-box, Filtration, Detection. Abstract: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for real-world applications such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) or social networks, yet the spectral properties of the GNN model are under-explored, especially from a privacy detection and protection perspective. This article proposes a general framework to distinguish black-box GNN based on spectral filtering performance. The framework offers a new perspective for spectral privacy detection with a generated graph sample set. Specifically, by introducing a set of graphs of different connectivity, we could access the spectral characteristics of black-box GNN. Furthermore, we could infer information about its underlying structure, such as message passing or positional embedding. Overall, our work sheds light on the spectral properties of GNNs and opens up new avenues for analyzing their behavior in real-world applications. |
11,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Age-Optimal Low-Power Status Update Over Time-Correlated Fading Channel, and key words: Sensors, Fading channels, Mobile computing, Markov processes, Costs, Computational modeling, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: In this paper, we consider transmission scheduling in a status update system, where updates are generated periodically and transmitted over a Gilbert-Elliott fading channel. The goal is to minimize the long-run average age of information (AoI) under a long-run average energy constraint. We consider two practical cases to obtain channel state information (CSI): (i) without channel sensing and (ii) with delayed channel sensing. For (i), CSI is revealed by the feedback (ACK/NACK) of a transmission, but when no transmission occurs, CSI is not revealed. Thus, we have to balance tradeoffs across energy, AoI, channel exploration, and channel exploitation. The problem is formulated as a constrained partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We show that the optimal policy is a randomized mixture of no more than two stationary deterministic policies each of which is of a threshold-type in the belief on the channel. For (ii), (delayed) CSI is available via channel sensing. Then, the tradeoff is only between the AoI and energy. The problem is formulated as a constrained MDP. The optimal policy is shown to have a similar structure as in (i) but with an AoI associated threshold. With these, we develop an optimal structure-aware algorithm for each case. |
11,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Closed-loop Detection Algorithm Based on Dynamic Increase or Decrease Mechanism, and key words: Location awareness, Measurement, Visualization, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Heuristic algorithms, Redundancy, Real-time systems. Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the visual SLAM algorithm is easily disturbed by complex environmental factors, resulting in poor closed-loop accuracy and real-time performance. An improved closed-loop detection algorithm based on a dynamic increase or decrease mechanism is proposed. The algorithm can dynamically increase or decrease the number of words in the visual bag of words in real time according to the complexity of the scene; and optimize the selected keyframes through a double-threshold keyframe selection strategy to reduce the redundancy of keyframes, thus improving the system's real-time performance. The algorithm in this paper can achieve localization and position correction in complex environments. Test results in public datasets and real scenes demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, and adaptability to the environment. |
11,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-density Parity-check codes with run length limited (RLL) constraints, and key words: Parity check codes, Iterative decoding, Error correction codes, Modulation coding, Data storage systems, Random sequences, Error correction, Interference constraints, AWGN, Partial response channels. Abstract: This paper addresses a new scheme by Vasic and Pedagani to combine low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with run length limited (RLL) constraints. In this method, the RLL constraints are embedded into the LDPC codewords by deliberately flipping the bits of LDPC codewords that violate the RLL constraints. It is important to keep the number of flipped bits small in order to not overburden the LDPC decoder. In this paper, we introduce a method to control the number of flipped bits by using pseudorandom sequences. We present a new low-complexity iterative decoding and detection scheme to correct both the flipped bits and channel errors in a partial response channel. Analyses and simulation results show that the proposed method has good performance and reasonable complexity for (0,k) RLL constraints. |
11,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Resolution-Enhanced MRI-Guided Navigation of Spinal Cellular Injection Robot, and key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Needles, Robots, Image resolution, Spatial resolution, Jacobian matrices, Robot kinematics. Abstract: This paper presents a method of navigating a surgical robot beyond the resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using a resolution enhancement technique enabled by high-precision piezoelectric actuation. The surgical robot was specifically designed for injecting stem cells into the spinal cord. This particular therapy can be performed in a shorter time by using a MRI-compatible robotic platform than by using a manual needle positioning platform. Imaging resolution of fiducial markers attached to the needle guide tubing was enhanced by reconstructing a high-resolution image from multiple images with sub-pixel movements of the robot. The parallel-plane direct-drive needle positioning mechanism positioned the needle guide with a high spatial precision that is two orders of magnitude higher than typical MRI resolution up to 1 mm. Reconstructed resolution enhanced images were used to navigate the robot precisely that would not have been possible by using standard MRI. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed enhanced-resolution image-guided intervention. |
11,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Unitary-Precoded Single-Carrier Waveforms for High Mobility: Detection and Channel Estimation, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Frequency modulation, Precoding, OFDM, Discrete Fourier transforms, Channel estimation, Symbols. Abstract: This paper presents unitary-precoded single-carrier (USC) modulation as a family of waveforms based on multiplexing the information symbols on time domain unitary basis functions. The common property of these basis functions is that they span the entire time and frequency plane. The recently proposed orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) and orthogonal time sequency multiplexing (OTSM) based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT), respectively, fall in the general framework of USC waveforms. In this work, we present channel estimation and detection methods that work for any USC waveform and numerically show that any choice of unitary precoding results in the same error performance. Lastly, we implement some USC systems and compare their performance with OFDM in a real-time indoor setting using an SDR platform. |
11,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Architecture of asynchronous cellular processor array for image skeletonization, and key words: Image processing, Iterative methods, Skeleton, Lattices, Energy consumption, Machine vision, Hardware, Logic arrays, Very large scale integration, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: This paper presents a design and implementation of an application specific cellular processor array (CPA) that executes binary image skeletonization on a hexagonal lattice. The designed CPA operates in an asynchronous mode, employing 'pixel per processor' concept, which provides significant performance increase in image processing operations that exploit 'wave-propagation' or 'grassfire' transformation approach. A proof-of-concept design has been implemented and evaluated in FPGA and results are presented and discussed. |
11,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Over- and Under-Approximations of Reachable Sets With Series Representations of Evolution Functions, and key words: Level set, Safety, Taylor series, Benchmark testing, Computational modeling, Estimation, Programming. Abstract: In this article, we investigate both over- and under-approximations of reachable sets for analytic autonomous dynamical systems beyond polynomial dynamics. We start with the concept of evolution function, whose subzero-level set can be used to describe reachable set, and find a series representation of the evolution function with its Lie derivatives. Afterwards, based on the partial sums of this series, two different methodologies are introduced to compute over- and under-approximations of reachable sets, using numerical quantifier elimination for the semi-algebraic constraints and remainder estimation of the partial sum, respectively. Some benchmarks are given, including an eight-dimensional nonpolynomial quadrotor model, to show the advantages of our computational methods over some existing methods in the literature. Especially, our methods also work for nonconvex initial sets. |
11,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Empowering next generation flexible operational data stores with service orientation, and key words: Service oriented architecture, Web services, Software reusability, Warehousing, XML, Simple object access protocol, Modular construction, Distributed computing, Software engineering, Context-aware services. Abstract: The paradigm of service oriented architecture (SOA) facilitates construction of software in a modular and reusable manner, due to the delivery of software functionality in form of well-abstracted contractually binding interfaces, independent of the underlying implementations. In the context of data warehousing, on one hand, typical use cases involve dealing with large volumes of historical data. On the other hand, operational data stores (ODS) facilitate easy and quick access to up-to-date information on operational data with smaller volumes of data in data warehousing. Here we discuss and provide a framework for designing a service-oriented ODS, with multiple advantages. We discuss the role SOA can play in ODSs without compromising performance. We provide a detailed architectural blueprint for a SOA based ODS, and walk through a detailed case study on service oriented ODS in the context of customer portfolio management. |
11,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient scheme to achieve multipath diversity on space-time coded OFDM systems, and key words: OFDM, Decoding, Diversity reception, Fading, Convolutional codes, Educational institutions, Wireless communication, Block codes, Fast Fourier transforms, Frequency domain analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme to achieve multipath diversity while with low decoding complexity. Based on the correlation analyses of OFDM subcarriers, block fast fading channels can be constructed by collecting uncorrelated subcarriers. Taking into account of the diversity saturation phenomena, simple-error-events, and dominant simple-error-events, we show that when the length of block fast fading channel includes almost dominating simple-error-events, the diversity that can be achieved in ideal fast fading channels is approached. This scheme can obtain both spatial and practical multipath diversity without paying any extra decoding complexity. Several simulations are carried out to confirm our scheme. |
11,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed streaming query planner in Calder system, and key words: Costs, Bandwidth, Large-scale systems, Query processing, Distributed computing, Extraterrestrial measurements, Computer science, Sensor systems and applications, Instruments, Application software. Abstract: The contribution of this work has two folds. First, we extend the current query planners' cost metric space by introducing network bandwidth cost, query deployment cost and query re-using cost; second, we develop a suite of algorithms for re-using existing query fragments under different scenarios. One of the most important reusable queries is called structure-sharable query. |
11,716 | Please write an abstract with title: CVaR Formulation of Reliability-Based Design Problems Considering the Risk of Extreme Failure Events, and key words: Uncertainty, Measurement uncertainty, Random access memory, Process control, Reliability engineering, Safety, Risk management. Abstract: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONSThe reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) considers uncertainties under probability constraints. The probability constraint ensures a minimum level of safety, but it does not account for the risks beyond the level and potentially catastrophic accidents caused by those extreme risks. Accordingly, the optimum design based on the conventional RBDO formulation may either lead to bearing high uncontrollable risks or difficult to optimize. To capture these uncertainties and extreme risks, the risk measure of conditional-value-at-risk (CVaR), which is a coherent and adverse measure of risk, should be integrated into the RBDO formulation. This paper aims at proposing an efficient and robust reliability-based design formulation for engineering systems, which takes the advantages of the CVaR measure to manage system risks intelligently. The developed formulation helps the reliability-based design to obtain a conservative final design and control the design with extreme risks automatically. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed RBDO formulation achieves a more conservative optimum design controlling extreme risks compared with the conventional RBDO formulation. |
11,717 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Impact of Channel Imbalance on MIMO Radar Performance, and key words: Degradation, Time-frequency analysis, Direction-of-arrival estimation, MIMO radar, Discrete Fourier transforms, Radar, Time division multiplexing. Abstract: The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems suffer from several types of system imperfections such as antenna mutual coupling, channel imbalance, system hardware limitations, and noise. Through calibration the deterministic system imperfections can be significantly reduced. Some sources of system degradation are time-variant and require re-calibration for instance amplitude and phase drift, while other sources are random, which makes calibration unfeasible. The effects of such sources are analysed with a MIMO radar model using time-division multiplexed (TDM) frequency modulated waveforms. The direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation error based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) together with the peak sidelobe level (PSL) are used as performance parameters. |
11,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest editorial future directions in satellite communications, and key words: Special issues and sections, Artificial satellites, Satellite communication, Satellite ground stations, Military satellites, Wideband, Communication channels, Satellite broadcasting. Abstract: The articles in this special issue focus on technological developments in satellite communications. |
11,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Perception Errors of Automated Vehicles, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, Conferences, Object recognition, Vehicle dynamics, Autonomous vehicles. Abstract: The assessment of automated driving relies increasingly on scenario-based virtual tests to achieve sufficient test coverage. Scenarios are generally based on ground truth information. Therefore, it is necessary to reproduce the view of the environment of the automated vehicle as it is seen by the autonomous driving function in the simulation. Typically, this view is erroneous compared to the ground truth due to sensor errors. This paper presents a novel approach to cluster, identify and finally to reproduce sensor errors by maneuver-dependent statistical models for the detection of other traffic objects. Errors are classified by their static and dynamic influences and incorporated into individual error models. These are evaluated in a final step based on real driving data. |
11,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of the generalized Newton equations and a structural matrix for robot manipulators, and key words: Equations, Robots, Manipulators, Torque, Force, Lagrangian functions. Abstract: This paper presents a new dynamic model for robot manipulators which is called the Generalized Newton equations of motion (G-N). The model is developed from the Newton's second law. The joint acceleration of the manipulator is found to be inversely proportional to the generalized Newton inertia of the corresponding link while it is directly proportional to the generalized Newton torque of the joint. The external torque contribution for the movement of a specific joint is determined by the developed "structural matrix [λ]" of the manipulator. The model also addresses the controllability issue of the robot system. |
11,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent System for Human Context Recognition, and key words: Support vector machines, Accelerometers, Robot sensing systems, Gyroscopes, Feature extraction, Mobile handsets, Legged locomotion. Abstract: Human-Centered computing technique aims to understand human behavior and can serve in fitness observing aging care, and numerous different spaces. Recognizing Human Context at their normal routine life is a very challenging task as behaviors vary from person to person. The current methods available for the detection of human activities are less accurate, inefficient, and are not effective to be used for recognition purposes. This study focuses on the recognition of human activities by using MPU-6050 signals, which is an efficient, cheap and relatively new method as compared to the existing practices. A total of 37 subjects were involved in this work for data acquisition and asked them to do their activities as usual while carrying the MPU-6050 sensor on their chest. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was employed for the de-noising the signals. Extensive experimentation resulted in the selection of two features, which were giving the best intra-class difference through Support Vector Machines (SVM). An accuracy of 100% was achieved using Quadratic kernel for SVM. |
11,722 | Please write an abstract with title: An Extensible Framework for Short-Term Holiday Load Forecasting Combining Dynamic Time Warping and LSTM Network, and key words: Load forecasting, Load modeling, Predictive models, Forecasting, Data models, Urban areas, Support vector machines. Abstract: Due to the extreme change of human behavior, the load consumption in public holidays fluctuates more significantly compared to general weekdays resulting in the difficulty of hourly holiday load forecasting. The holiday load forecasting is even challenging because the forecast is practically predicted on the nearest workday which might be more than one days prior to the public holiday. In this paper, we propose a Joint Dynamic time warping and LSTM (JDL) framework, to predict the hourly holiday load consumption on the nearest workday which is at least one day before the incoming holiday. The proposed JDL is a hybrid short-term holiday forecasting framework which combines dynamic time warping (DTW) and long-short term memory (LSTM) network. The DTW predicts the load consumption of the nearest workday and any preceding compensatory holiday(s), if any, based on the similar holiday occurrence pattern. LSTM predicts the highly unpredictable load consumption of the target holiday by univariate and multivariate models. Current results show the proposed JDL outperforms others. |
11,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Applying genetic programming to learn spatial differences between textures using a translation invariant representation, and key words: Genetic programming, Feature extraction, Humans, Signal processing algorithms, Artificial intelligence, Algorithm design and analysis, Image databases, Spatial databases, Encoding, Benchmark testing. Abstract: This paper describes an approach to evolving texture feature extraction programs using tree based genetic programming. The programs are evolved from a learning set of 13 textures selected from the Brodatz database. In the evolutionary phase, texture images are first "binarised" to 256 grey levels. An encoding of the positions of the black pixels is used as the input to the evolved programs. A separate feature extraction program is evolved for each of the 256 grey levels. Fitness is measured by applying the evolved program to all of the images in the learning set, using one dimensional clustering on the outputs and then using the separation between the clusters as the fitness value. On two benchmark problems using the evolved programs for feature extraction and a nearest neighbour classifier, the evolved features gave test accuracies of 74.6% and 66.2% respectively for a 13 Brodatz and a 15 Vistex texture problem. This is better than a number of human derived methods on the same problems. |
11,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Logic Based Prospects Identification System for Foreign Language Learning Through Serious Games, and key words: Games, Serious games, Entertainment industry, Education, Fuzzy logic, Neural networks, Task analysis. Abstract: Interest in serious games for education has grown during the last years. The credit goes to the potential for engaging students with new ways to capture and maintain attention. The goal of this paper is to introduce a new multidisciplinary approach that incorporates psychological analysis theory with fuzzy inference and neural networks in the Foreign Language Learning prospects identification through serious games. Our research first used a Delphi method to accumulate Information Systems students' opinions resulting from a SWOT analysis of the use of serious games to learn English language. Then, we designed a Fuzzy Logic based Foreign Language Learning Prospects Identification System through serious games that takes four standard input parameters (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) already identified during our SWOT analysis and predicts the output (Learning Prospects of Foreign Language) by considering impact of certain variations in input parameters. Implementation results have been obtained through (MATLAB R2020a) and have shown reliable incites and findings. |
11,725 | Please write an abstract with title: On-Line Assessment Method of Available Transfer Capability Considering Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Power Generation, and key words: Electrical engineering, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Asia, Propagation losses, Probabilistic logic, Power grids. Abstract: Accurate and efficient on-line calculation of the available transfer capability (ATC) of the renewable energy delivery section is of great significance for improving the renewable energy consumption capacity while maintaining the safe and stable operation of the system. This paper proposes an ATC on-line assessment method that considers the uncertainty of renewable energy output. Based on the probability of output of each renewable energy plant, the probabilistic load flow is used to obtain the power interval and its probability of the key transmission section; the operational risk of each power interval is obtained by evaluating the situation of renewable energy unit's off-grid and load loss at the receiving end after the failure; the ATC value of the section is obtained with the goal of maximizing the difference between the revenue and the operational risk. This method improves the conservative calculation results of current on-line ATC and helps to improve the ability of renewable energy consumption. An example of an actual power grid verifies the effectiveness of the method. |
11,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure UAV Communications Under Uncertain Eavesdroppers Locations, and key words: Communication systems, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Probability, Probabilistic logic, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: Benefiting from the merits of low cost and high mobility, Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled communications have recently drawn considerable attentions. In this paper, we consider the UAV-enabled physical-layer secure communications. Specifically, we consider a UAV-ground communication systems with multiple eavesdroppers whose locations are not perfectly known and are assumed to follow Gaussian distribution. An outage probability-constrained average secrecy rate maximization (ASRM) problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the trajectory and the transmit power of the UAV over a given flight duration. The ASRM problem is challenging due to the probabilistic constraints. To circumvent the difficulty, we employ a safe approximation approach and the successive convex optimization method to find a tractable solution to the ASRM problem. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed design are demonstrated through simulations. |
11,727 | Please write an abstract with title: A new set of linear constraints for broadband time domain element space processors, and key words: Sensor arrays, Filters, Frequency response, Robustness, Adaptive arrays, Delay effects, Sampling methods, Erbium, Error analysis, Analytical models. Abstract: This paper presents a new set of linear constraints for designing broadband time domain element space processor which can handle a variety of steering situations, namely, no pre-steering, coarse/ quantized pre-steering and exact pre-steering. The relationship that the new processor has to other broadband processors is established. Furthermore, the approach presented enables the processors to be made robust against directional errors. Analytical as well as simulation results on the new processors are presented. |
11,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Remote and synoptic water-wave measurements by aerial photography: A model, experimental results, and an application, and key words: Photography, Surface waves, Sea surface, Surface treatment, Sea measurements, Information resources, Reflectivity, Sun, Clouds, Analytical models. Abstract: Aerial photography can be an important source of information regarding surface waves and oceanic features that affect the propagation of these waves. This correspondence briefly reviews the parameters involved in aerial photography of coherent trains of surface waves, including the effects of water reflectance, waves, and sun and cloud conditions, on wave imaging in aerial photos. It also describes an analytical model of the specular reflection of sunlight by surface waves, together with experimental results from an outdoor wave facility. Analytical expressions are derived for the accuracy of wavelength measurements using aerial photos of waves in the glitter pattern. Further, it treats wave slope determination from aerial photos of idealized waves and presents experimental results from an outdoor wave facility. The application of remote synoptic surface flow determination by imaging of surface waves is briefly discussed. |
11,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Login: A Blockchain based web application for Identity Access Management System, and key words: Digital systems, Authentication, Blockchain, Data transfer, Cryptography, Communication networks, Certification. Abstract: As the result of technological developments and the adaption of digital system, the importance of online data transfer has grown significantly. This has resulted for the users to depend on a third party, who provides the platform to transfer the asset safely and store their sensitive data. But, it may be dangerous if the third party is not trustworthy. Many network security issues like man in middle attack, session hijack, eavesdropping, etc. can breach the confidentiality of the transaction and the data stored, so we need a third party certification to avoid these risks. But the certification is a time consuming process and doesn't provide maximum security to the data. As a result there is a need of a system which can provide security to the data without any involvement of third party. Blockchain technology is meant to eliminate the sensitive issue of trust on the third party. It is a public ledger of the entire digital event that has been executed over the network. With today's world filled with information and data, it is very important for us to differentiate which information or data is authentic and which is fraudulent. That is exactly what we aim to develop and implement in the form of our research Authentication System using the Blockchain Technology, an authentication system that will allow users to create and manage a single, valid identity across a wide range of secured websites and applications. |
11,730 | Please write an abstract with title: A current-mode power sigma-delta modulator for audio applications, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Circuit noise, Filters, Transfer functions, Power system modeling, Low-frequency noise, Noise shaping, Linearity, Power amplifiers, Switching circuits. Abstract: Linear and switching techniques are currently adopted to implement current-mode power stages. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is usually employed with the switching technique for both industrial and audio applications. In this paper, the Sigma-Delta modulation is considered as an alternative to the PWM in devising a switching current-mode power stage suitable for audio amplification. The proposed modulator is analyzed and simulated. The whole system was realized on an experimental breadboard. The results carried out on the prototype are reported and discussed. The electrical characterization presents interesting features in terms of linearity, noise, and power efficiency. |
11,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability Evaluation Method of Motorized Spindle Based on Dual-source Data, and key words: Degradation, Fuses, Soft sensors, Estimation, Density functional theory, Data models, Machine tools. Abstract: As one of the key functional components of the CNC machine tool, the motorized spindle seriously affects the reliability level of the CNC machine tool. At present, the researches on reliability evaluation methods of motorized spindles based on degradation data are still in the preliminary stage, and there are some problems such as single data source and difficult calculation, which affect the accuracy of reliability evaluation results. To solve these problems, this paper presents a novel reliability evaluation method of motorized spindles based on dual-source data. Taking the motorized spindle of the CNC machine tool as the research object, the degradation models based on nonlinear Wiener process are established according to the degradation data of laboratory reliability bench tests and field data respectively. In order to fuse the laboratory data and field data into dual-source data, a reliability model of the performance degradation of the motorized spindle is established based on the Copula function, which realizes accurate and efficient reliability evaluation of the motorized spindle. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the degradation tests of the motorized spindles. |
11,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Coherent control of atomic excitation under the action of bichromatic laser field in the presence of electric field, and key words: Optical control, Atomic beams, Laser excitation, Atom lasers, Atomic measurements, Phase control, Laser transitions, Laser theory, Frequency, Absorption. Abstract: The paper is devoted to the theoretical investigation of the phase control of atomic photo-excitation in discrete energy spectrum under the action of bichromatic laser field with the frequency ratio 1:2 in the presence of stationary electric field. The calculations are made for the case of alkali atoms. It is shown that the phase modulation of the photo-excitation strongly depends upon the electric field strength and the ratio between the intensities of the monochromatic components of the radiation. The optimal range of parameters for the effect observation is determined. |
11,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of an Active Battery Equalization Circuit with DC-DC Converter, and key words: Electrical engineering, Energy exchange, Asia, DC-DC power converters, Threshold voltage, Batteries, Topology. Abstract: An active balanced topology circuit based on DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. It uses the energy of the whole battery pack to charge the lowest voltage cell. In the control strategy, starting and stopping the equalization is well controlled by setting the appropriate thresholds of voltage difference between each cell. Experiment board which can sample and equalize 16 batteries is manufactured, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed equalization system. |
11,734 | Please write an abstract with title: Close-Range Imagery for Reconstructing Archaeological Findings, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Extraterrestrial measurements, Image reconstruction, Atmospheric measurements, Particle measurements, Computational modeling. Abstract: Geometrical and thematic data are required by database created for several user applications. This is particularly true not only in archaeology but also in other disciplines such as anthropology, biometry, forensic science, medicine and industry where the physical shape, the surface models, the volume, the texture of objects, at different scales, must be determined for different purposes. In the archaeological and anthropological sciences, in particular, photogrammetry offers some advantages in the analyses and investigations due to non-contact measurements, high accuracy of their values, possibility of precise photorealistic texture mapping. Photorealistic three-dimensional models of archaeological and anthropological objects and findings can be easily shared and used for public virtual reality and/or for studies in morphometry. Among the mentioned aspects, accuracy and feasibility of the measuring methods are highly relevant; for this reasons the paper presents an approach based on digital photogrammetry providing technological and methodological developments in anthropology and archeology. Objects and human findings unearthed from the ruins of a medieval church in Aquino have been reconstructed through elaboration of close-range photogrammetric imagery. The measurements of 2D and 3D models have been compared with micro-mechanical measurements carried out in a specialized laboratory by using micro-meters and centesimal analogical calipers. This approach offers the possibility of developments and applications also in the field of the biomedic research thanks to the innovative technology of 3D printing. |
11,735 | Please write an abstract with title: An Advanced Feature Extraction Approach for Classifying and Categorizing Complex Data by Using the MMRDL Framework, and key words: Deep Learning, stochastic belief space policy, Multi-Model Classification, Reinforcement learning. Abstract: Nowadays, Machine learning (ML) plays a significant role in processing multimedia based on user search queries. To develop an efficient classification model that processes the high dimensional data, an ensemble model combined with deep feature extraction and robust classifier. Combining the three algorithms generate the stochastic belief space in this work. The planning of these algorithms based on maximum entropy reinforcement learning (ME-RL), and generative adversary model (GAM). The comparison between various unmodeled adversarial methods is suggested to achieve robustness because the malicious behaviors were applied in the simulation framework to reduce the agent's action predictability. Guided Deep Learning (DL), the reinforcement-based approach, can be employed for multi-model categorization. The text and image data applied on a single neural network method may categorize. The proposed system properly understands the belief space policy using feature extraction on text and image datasets. The proposed model shows the maximum entropy depends on the input dataset. |
11,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Exponentially-Weighted Energy Dispersion Index for the Nonlinear Interference Analysis of Finite-Blocklength Shaping, and key words: Measurement, Europe, Interference, Wavelength division multiplexing, Probabilistic logic, Optical fiber communication, Robustness. Abstract: A metric called exponentially-weighted energy dispersion index (EEDI) is proposed to explain the blocklength-dependent effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in probabilistically shaped fiber-optic systems. EEDI is better than energy dispersion index (EDI) at capturing the dependency of the effective SNR on the blocklength for long-distance transmission. |
11,737 | Please write an abstract with title: A Systematic Way of Crafting Strategies for Private Science and Technology Parks, and key words: Industries, Economics, Patents, Systematics, Conferences, Decision making, Industrial engineering. Abstract: A novel research framework is proposed to support development strategies crafting of Private Science and Technology Parks (PSTPs) using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The key issues are first generated according to the key success factors from previous empirical research and expert interviews. Then, a contradiction matrix and inventive principles are utilized to seek for specific solutions to the key issues. The five aspects of the long-term, medium-term and short-term development strategies are proposed, such as park scale, financing and financial services et al.. The framework proposed in this study is based on a more scientific and transparent decision-making process. The results can support the development of PSTPs. Furthermore, other types of science and technology parks can also adopt this research framework to develop useful strategies. |
11,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Exponential stabilization of nonlinear networked DC microgrid system under DoS attacks, and key words: State feedback, Design methodology, Microgrids, Switches, Denial-of-service attack, Control systems, Control theory. Abstract: This paper investigates the exponential stabilization problem of the nonlinear networked DC microgrid system with multiple constant power loads (CPLs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, based on the periodic DoS attack model and the switched state feedback control law, the switched control system model of DC microgrid under periodic DoS attacks is established. Secondly, the exponential stability criterion of the system is derived by using the attack parameter dependent time-varying Lyapunov function method. Then, according to the nonlinear and network attacks nature of DC microgrid system with multiple CPLs, a new design method of nonlinear networked DC microgrid system controller is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed method is proved by simulation. |
11,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Photonic crystals based on silicon nanoholes array for biosensing applications, and key words: Analytical models, Sensitivity, Surface waves, Refractive index, Photonic crystals, Silicon, Nanoscale devices. Abstract: In this article, we report Si-based nanohole array structures for biosensing applications. These photonic crystal structures were fabricated by the combination of deep-UV lithography and dry etch techniques. The fabricated structures support guided modes for near-infrared (IR) wavelengths, which can be used for the detection of analyte molecules bound to the surface. The sensing performance of the structure was evaluated in terms of surface and bulk refractive index sensitivity by spectroscopic reflection measurement. Bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) was evaluted in solution with glycerol diluted in deionized (DI) water and found to be 139 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). To study surface sensitivity, oxide layers with different thicknesses were employed as as model analytes. The oxides were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of the structure. Moreover, an experiment with another model analyte present in solution, avidin, using various concentrations in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions allowed to estimate the limit of detection (LoD = 236 ng/mL) and quantification (LoQ = 9367 ng/mL) of our device. |
11,740 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of degassing on morphology and space charge, and key words: Morphology, Space charge, Cable insulation, Polyethylene, Underground power cables, Additives, Temperature dependence, Electrodes, Power cables, Manufacturing processes. Abstract: It is believed that space charge buildup in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation is one of the main cause for premature failure of underground power cables. The space charge activities in XLPE depend on many factors such as additives, material treatment, ambient temperature, insulator/electrode interface, etc. Degassing is one of the material treatment processes commonly employed in cable manufacturing to improve insulation performance. In this paper, investigation on the effect of degassing period on the morphology and space charge was carried out. Planar XLPE samples of the same composite were subjected to different degassing time. It is discovered that apart from removing volatile by-products, degassing also anneals XLPE material; changing the morphology as a result. |
11,741 | Please write an abstract with title: A FBG and Magnetostrictive Alloy based Magnetic Field Sensor with the Demodulation realized by Optoelectronic Oscillator, and key words: Structural rings, Optical fiber sensors, Technological innovation, Sensitivity, Magnetostriction, Metals, Laser stability. Abstract: A FBG and magnetostrictive alloy based magnetic field optical sensor is realized with the demodulation by a new dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). Unlike the previously reported OED-based sensing schemes, the stability of this proposed scheme is enhanced by using the combination of a fiber ring laser (FRL) cavity and a dual-loop OEO structure. The sensitivity of −48.40476 Hz/mT is obtained. The stability is up to 0.194 ppm. |
11,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling Transaction Behavior of Multiple Stakeholders Based on Interactive Cooperation in Distribution Network, and key words: multi-stakeholder, coupling characteristics, transaction behavior, interactive cooperation, distribution network. Abstract: With the continuous reform of electricity market and multi-energy complementary utilization, the participants in the market are not only a single component unit related to electricity, but also the heating, gas and other forms of energy in a typical integrated energy system. The coupling characteristics of integrated energy make the trading behavior for multi-stakeholders of the market more complicated and diversified. Based on this, this paper puts forward the concept of multi-stakeholder hub system, which is composed of coupling connection between hubs. Taking the coordination and complementarity of electricity, heat and gas as an example, three different stakeholders are constructed. The multi-dimensional characteristics of three stakeholders are modeled and analyzed by quantifying the energy flowing through the power tie-line and natural gas pipeline between the system and the main network, including the output characteristics of each equipment in the hub at different time periods. Meanwhile, considering the demand response characteristics of multi-period loads, aiming at minimizing the total cost of gas-electricity purchasing and guiding reasonable distribution of electricity, heat and gas. Finally, 3 typical parks within multi-stakeholder hub system are taken as an example to demonstrate the superiority of transaction behavior of multiple stakeholders based on the interactive cooperation in the distribution network. |
11,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Solution of the vector wave equation for dielectric rod waveguides using the modified Fourier decomposition method, and key words: Partial differential equations, Optical waveguides, Optical refraction, Optical resonators, Shape, Microwave devices, Dielectric losses, Rectangular waveguides, Geometry, Millimeter wave devices. Abstract: Fundamental modes of dielectric rod waveguides of arbitrary cross-section can be determined by mapping from the infinite domain to a unit square and expanding the solution vectors in the transformed region by sine functions. The transformation is such that radiation in the x-y plane is permitted. The method is applied to the problem of rectangular dielectric waveguide. |
11,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis and Exploration of a High Gain Input Current Shaped AC-DC Step-Up Converter with Feedback Controller, and key words: Reactive power, Rectifiers, Switches, Hardware, Adaptive control, Voltage control, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: This paper interprets the design and inspection of an input switched novel AC-DC step up converter with reduced THD and improved power factor. Conventional converter circuits are using a rectifier and multiple switches for AC DC conversion but the non-linear behavior of the rectifier distorts the input current waveform. Switching at the output side of a rectifier using switch mode regulators usually can upgrade their power factor but it adds some high frequencies with the input current and requires a small-scale filter to eliminate those. As a substitute of using rectifier and multiple switches the proposed circuit uses direct input switching. Closed loop analysis of the proposed circuit is made to improve power factor (0.99) and to eliminate the THD. The inclusion of a feedback controller does not lessen the efficiency rather it has improved notably (99%). Result analysis has been observed by varying duty cycles and loads employing PSIM and Simulink software. |
11,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of feature selection and tree-based algorithms for traffic classification, and key words: Training, Performance evaluation, Conferences, Telecommunication traffic, Quality of service, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms. Abstract: The rapid development of smart devices triggers a surge in new traffic and applications. Thus, network traffic classification has become a challenge in modern communications and may be applied to a various range of applications ranging from QoS provisioning to security-related applications. Developing Machine Learning (ML) methods, which can successfully distinguish network applications from each other, is one of the most important tasks. Since ML algorithms are as good as the quality of data, feature selection has become a crucial step in the ML process. Therefore, selecting effective and relevant features for traffic analysis is also another essential issue. In this paper, we are interested in identifying the most relevant features to characterize network traffic. Empirical results indicate that significant input feature selection is important to classify network traffic. Then, a comparative analysis of various Decision Tree-based models (both traditional and recent algorithms) has been conducted with feature selection methods in terms of accuracy, training, and classification time. |
11,746 | Please write an abstract with title: NARCISSUS-2005: a global model of fading channel for application to acoustic communication in marine environment, and key words: Fading, Acoustic applications, Delay, Acoustic scattering, Surface acoustic waves, Sea surface, Statistics, Numerical models, Acoustic distortion, Data mining. Abstract: We present the latest version of an operational numerical model of acoustic impulse response in a random sea-channel, with application primarily to communication in the marine environment. Phenomena taken into account are: random scattering from surface and bottom irregularity; fading from surface waves or swells, and movements of source and receivers relatively to boundaries; Doppler and distortions due to source and receiver movements. Statistics for the sound-fields are evaluated; from these statistics are extracted various scales (Rice number, delay spread, fading rate, etc.) and pseudo-random Monte Carlo simulations of transmitted signals. This model was tried, as a whole, against experimental data collected at sea within various European MAST projects at the end of the 1990s : very shallow coastal waters (North Sea) for project SWAN, continental shelf environment (Mediterranean Sea) for project PROSIM. The validation procedures included investigations of several statistical properties of fading: the "Rice factor" (ratio of the energy of the mean coherent part of the response to the mean energy of the random scattered part of the response), the spectral broadening, the delay spread, the normality of the random part of the response, the shape of the mean and random part of the response (decay as function of delay). Involved signals included frequency modulations and pseudo-random sequences, with frequency ranges from 400 Hz to 6.5 kHz. Source-to-receiver ranges were 500 m, 1.5 km, 5 km and 15 km. The model NARCISSUS, tested as a whole, seems to quite successfully compare with observations. |
11,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Why Don’t XAI Techniques Agree? Characterizing the Disagreements Between Post-hoc Explanations of Defect Predictions, and key words: Measurement, Software maintenance, Closed box, Machine learning, Predictive models, Maintenance engineering, Software systems. Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) based defect prediction models can be used to improve the reliability and overall quality of software systems. However, such defect predictors might not be deployed in real applications due to the lack of transparency. Thus, recently, application of several post-hoc explanation methods (e.g., LIME and SHAP) have gained popularity. These explanation methods can offer insight by ranking features based on their importance in black box decisions. The explainability of ML techniques is reasonably novel in the Software Engineering community. However, it is still unclear whether such explainability methods genuinely help practitioners make better decisions regarding software maintenance. Recent user studies show that data scientists usually utilize multiple post-hoc explainers to understand a single model decision because of the lack of ground truth. Such a scenario causes disagreement between explainability methods and impedes drawing a conclusion. Therefore, our study first investigates three disagreement metrics between LIME and SHAP explanations of 10 defect-predictors, and exposes that disagreements regarding the rankings of feature importance are most frequent. Our findings lead us to propose a method of aggregating LIME and SHAP explanations that puts less emphasis on these disagreements while highlighting the aspect on which explanations agree. |
11,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Superconductive tunneling devices as millimeter wave photon detectors, and key words: Superconductivity, Tunneling, Millimeter wave devices, Detectors, Schottky diodes, Frequency, Voltage, Superconducting microwave devices, Superconducting device noise, Quantum mechanics. Abstract: A quantum generalization of microwave mixer theory predicts that superconductive tunneling devices may be employed as ultrasensitive low noise photon detectors at millimeter wave frequencies. |
11,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Tree Management with Biodiversity Preservation Using Image Processing and Blockchain Technology, and key words: Automation, Animals, Image processing, Smart contracts, Vegetation, Blockchains, Stakeholders. Abstract: Deforestation is the major cause for the loss of habitats for animals. Commercial usage of wood is one of the main reasons behind deforestation. Due to the overutilization of these resources, many exotic species of wood varieties like sandalwood, rosewood, teak wood, etc. are on the endangered list. The main reason behind the loss of those exotic species is due to over-exploitation by various means like smuggling, illegal trading, etc. There is no existing proper mechanism to check whether the varieties of trees are been saved and not over exploited. To overcome it, we propose an idea and mechanism where the usage of those trees is tracked and observed. We are using image processing and block chain technology to overcome this problem. At first, the actual number of trees in a particular area is detected using a top view image of the trees which then, the number of trees is calculated using image processing algorithms. Then smart contracts are developed to store the details of the cut down trees. These contracts are deployed into the block chain network. UI is created to seamlessly interact with the block chain network for various stakeholders. Then this UI is embedded with the block chain network to complete the module. |
11,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Carbon nanotube electronics and optoelectronics, and key words: Carbon nanotubes, Artificial intelligence, CNTFETs, Doping, FETs, Schottky barriers, Switches, Schottky gate field effect transistors, Light emitting diodes, Photoconductivity. Abstract: We discuss recent developments in our research on single carbon nanotube field-effect transistors and light emitting and detecting devices. Specifically, we show that by using either double gate devices, or selective charge-transfer doping, we can convert Schottky barrier CNTFETs into bulk-switched devices, ambipolar CNTFETs into unipolar devices, while at the same time enhance both the ON and OFF state device characteristics. Under ambipolar conditions CNTFETs can be used as light emitters via e-h recombination, while light irradiation of CNTFETs leads to photoconductivity. Thus, the CNTFET can be used as a high performance switch, a light source and a light detector. |
11,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Economic Benefit Analysis of Residents' Smart Energy Use under the Background of Energy Internet, and key words: Home appliances, Energy consumption, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Power measurement, Power demand, Companies. Abstract: As the main type of residents' energy consumption, electricity can better improve energy efficiency and facilitate the construction of “energy Internet” by providing smart energy use services to residents. Currently, developing smart energy use service for residents is plagued by problems such as unclear business model and ambiguous profit model. This paper built a cost-benefit model of smart energy use service for residents by power grid companies, and analyzed the cost and benefit of smart energy use service for residents by power grid companies through examples. The results showed that: (1) The key to developing smart energy use service for residents lies in the number of terminals accessing the smart energy platform; (2) Developing smart energy use service for resident users can bring benefits to multiple parties; (3) From the perspective of increasing profit, the power grid companies need to reduce costs and expanding the degree of aggregation of “virtual power plants”. |
11,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling the Signals Collected in Cavitation Field by Stochastic and Artificial Intelligence Methods, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Statistical analysis, Computational modeling, Time series analysis, Neural networks, Stochastic processes, Predictive models. Abstract: Studies have shown that ultrasonic cavitation can give birth to electrical signals in liquids. The properties of these signals depend on the liquids’ nature, the ultrasound frequency, and the generator's functioning power. In this article, the signals collected in water in an experiment where the ultrasound generator worked at a frequency of 20 kHz and 80W are characterized by statistical methods. An autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models are built for this signal and comparisons are provided. |
11,753 | Please write an abstract with title: Planar Yagi MIMO Antenna Array with Improved Isolation for 5.8GHz WLAN Application, and key words: Antenna measurements, Wireless LAN, Dipole antennas, Oils, Bandwidth, Etching, MIMO. Abstract: In this paper, pattern-diversity (PD) decoupling technique is incorporated with defected ground structure (DGS) for a planar two-port Yagi multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array. By placing two planar Yagi elements adjacent to each other symmetrically and adjusting the horizontal position of four directors, the desired pattern diversity is obtained. And etching a pair of semi-circle ring slots placed outside the two excitation dipoles into the shared ground plane, allows the isolation of more than 25 dB through the whole frequency bandwidth (5.5-6.1 GHz). The proposed MIMO antenna is manufactured on the FR-4 substrate, which is cost-effective and easy to be implemented in a MIMO system for 5.8 GHz WLAN application. |
11,754 | Please write an abstract with title: The Women in Applied Science and Engineering (WISE) Recruitment Programs: investing in the future, and key words: Recruitment, Educational institutions, Design engineering, Engineering profession, Employment, Remuneration, Computer science, Scholarships, Psychology, Biology. Abstract: The Women in Applied Science and Engineering (WISE) Summer Recruitment Programs are designed to introduce female students to the twelve engineering disciplines available at ASU. WISE TEAMS targets middle school girls entering grades 6-9, especially under-represented ethnic minorities. The TEAMS program consists of three days of team training in the context of science and engineering exploration. The hands-on engineering and science labs and physical activities are described. WISE-Up, a weeklong residential program, is offered for high school girls entering grades 10-12. WISE-Up offers a variety of labs and activities, company tours, team-building exercises, and a weeklong, hands-on, team project. In addition, WISE awards scholarships to outstanding senior participants in WISE-Up. An overview of the WISE Summer Recruitment Programs is presented, as well as retention data on 1997-2000 participants who are now attending ASU. In addition, the paper discusses the need for and impact of recruitment programs specifically geared toward female students. |
11,755 | Please write an abstract with title: State Evaluation of Electronic Transformers Based on Cross Weight Method AHP, and key words: Degradation, Substations, Predictive models, Maintenance engineering, Transformers, Data models, Indexes. Abstract: This paper focuses on the problems of frequent faults, abnormal events, and the lack of operational state evaluation means for electronic transformers. Based on a large amount of equipment operation and state data, a cross weight method, namely Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is driven by experts’ experience and data, is proposed in this paper. This method solves the problem of single factor and low accuracy in the traditional status evaluation method for electronic transformers. In this method, the influence factors and comment sets are established according to the experience of experts and the operation standards. For the construction of weight matrix, a cross-weight method is innovatively proposed. Through a subjective weight assignment of fuzzy trigonometric numbers based on experts’ experience and objective variable weights based on data, the accuracy of the state assessment of electronic transformer is improved. Finally, the proposed method is verified using an example, which shows that it can effectively improve the speed and accuracy of the state evaluation of electronic transformers. |
11,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Theory for the CROWS Method for Measurement of the Directional Speed of Light, and key words: Photonics. Abstract: Experimental confirmation of the isotropy of the one-way propagation speed of light remains an enigma, notwithstanding numerous attempts over the course of a century to address it. The theory is presented for a new method, the CROWS method, to measure the one-way speed of light. |
11,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Fractional Order Controller Design for interconnected Power System using BAT optimization Algorithm, and key words: Simulation, Metaheuristics, Linear programming, Cost function, Robustness, Power systems, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative(FOPID) controller which is optimized using a metaheuristic optimization called the BAT algorithm applied to the LFC(Load Frequency Control) problem is presented. FOPID, which is having two more parameters as compared to the PID controller, is taken as the desired controller of choice for presenting a non-standard method of analysis. However, for obtaining the bestresults, the choice of controller is not the only determining factor, other major aspect includes selecting a proper optimization technique for the tuning of these parameters. Therefore, BAT algorithm has been chosen here for the problem which has excellent property of overcoming local optimalpremature convergence. A linear model of two area power system which is non reheat is examined to check the robustness of the presented method. The simulation results are provided where the proposed controller optimized with BAT algorithm is contrasted with a standard PID controller optimized using the same BAT algorithm. Integral Square Error (ISE) is chosen as the cost function which is to be minimized in both the cases and the results obtained prove the superiority of the proposed controller. |
11,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-efficient Collaborative Offloading for Multiplayer Games with Cache-Aided MEC, and key words: Games, Task analysis, Collaboration, Mobile handsets, Cloud computing, Land mobile radio, Servers. Abstract: Nowadays mobile multiplayer games have been an usual recreation, however energy-limited mobile devices confine the game running time. Noticing the component-based multiplayer game is a loosely coupled application whose components are nearly always required among players in one or more rounds, we study the collaboration of players to develop an energy-efficient offloading scheme. We formulate a 0-1 integer nonlinear programming problem to minimize the overall energy cost on player side under time-delay constraint. The problem is intractable to find the optimal solution, thus we propose a heuristic Two-phase Greedy-based Collaborative Offloading Algorithm (TGCOA) for the objective of cost minimization, while including more energy savings for low-energy players. In each round, we preferentially cache components saving more energy per data size for subsequent rounds, then preferentially offload components saving more energy for current round. Meanwhile, we always assign valid player with highest remaining energy to the uploading tasks. Simulations show that the energy cost ratios of our proposal are significantly down by 1.55% to 99.62% compared to four competing methods under different cache limitations and repeatability factors. Meanwhile, our proposal enables a 6.00% to 14.80% lower energy cost proportion for low-energy players compared to the four methods. |
11,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Design of Cabin Pressurization Failure Emergency Procedure, and key words: Industries, Conferences, Failure analysis, Manuals, Airports, Regulation, Safety. Abstract: According to the regulations, it is necessary to consider in-flight cabin pressurization failure and design corresponding emergency procedures, so as to ensure that the aircraft can avoid obstacles and fly to the alternate safely when it is in emergency descent and flying at low altitudes. At present, when designing cabin pressurization failure emergency procedures, obstacle analysis and escape routes are mainly determined by manual analysis. This paper deeply analyzes the principles of cabin pressurization failure emergency procedures designing, designs intelligent algorithms which can automatically analyze obstacles in digital terrain data, and intelligently look for the escape routes and airports. Through the system development practice, it can greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of the design of cabin pressurization failure emergency procedures. At the same time, an innovative cabin pressurization failure analysis method is proposed when the aircraft deviates from the original route, which solves a difficult problem in the industry. |
11,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Trend in Measured SEL Sensitivity with Increasing Proton Induced Total Ionizing Dose to1Mrad(Si) on Zynq UltraScale Plus XCZU9EG FPGA, and key words: Protons, Neutrons, Sensitivity, Ions, Transistors, Field programmable gate arrays, Market research. Abstract: Experimental observation of the trend in SEL sensitivity was made for increasing proton induced TID/DD. The test samples were the Zynq Ultrascale Plus XCZU9EG FPGAs. The cumulative TID on one sample was near 1 Mrad(Si). |
11,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Covid-19 Symptoms Detection System for Campus Access using WSN, and key words: COVID-19, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Heart rate, Wireless sensor networks, Temperature distribution, Education. Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic caused a lot of dramatic changes to the international education system. Regardless of the advantages of the online-based education system, the conventional on-campus education system has a lot of benefits that cannot be ignored, especially for lab-based courses. The main goal of this proposed paper is to either mitigate or eliminate the hazards of the Covid-19 virus’s spreading between students and staff, so they can attend on-campus events and activities safely. In this paper, we proposed an Arduino-based solution to automate the detection of the Covid-19 symptoms of students and staff within a campus. The proposed solution consists of two separate sub-systems. The first sub-system is the Covid-19 Symptoms Detection System (Covid-19 SDS), which is responsible for detecting Covid-19 symptoms by measuring the temperature and heart rate. The second sub-system is the Campus Authenticator Sign-on System (CASS), which is responsible for checking whether the person is authorized to have access or not to the campus. We used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Near Field Communication (NFC) for the data exchange between the nodes. The experiments showed an acceptable reading precision with an error margin of around ± 1.35. |
11,762 | Please write an abstract with title: On the masking countermeasure and higher-order power analysis attacks, and key words: Cryptography, Protection, Security, Energy consumption, Smart cards, Field programmable gate arrays, Concurrent computing, Circuits, Hardware, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Masking is a general method used to thwart differential power analysis, in which all the intermediate data inside an implementation are XORed with random Boolean values. As a consequence, the power consumption of the running implementation becomes unpredictable, making first-order power analysis attacks unpractical. Several recent works have shown that such protected designs are still susceptible to higher-order power analysis attacks. In this paper, we propose an extension of the previously introduced higher-order techniques, based on a more general power consumption model, and evaluate its actual feasibility. In particular, we discuss the number of power traces required to mount successful attacks. We also illustrate how this number is affected by parallel computations, making certain implementation contexts (e.g. smart cards, 8-bit processors) more susceptible than others (e.g. FPGAs, ASICs). |
11,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain pickings - storage random access (human), and key words: Magnetic materials, Solid state circuits, Conducting materials, Dielectric materials, Inorganic materials, Temperature, Space technology, Conferences, Assembly. Abstract: As publicized in PGPT-2, on 19 March 1957, one of the two special evening Symposia at the IRE National Convention was devoted to the theme: MICRO-MINIATURIZATION - The Ultimate Technique." The following six invited speakers, recognized national authorities in their field, contributed: C. Rrunetti, E.F. Carter, H.A. Stone, Jr., Brig. Gen. E.R. Petzing (ret.), J.R. Moore, and W.Y. Hamilton. Reprints of these talks were published in Part 6 of the 1957 IRE National Convention Record. For the purpose of this "bull session," the following represents quotations from the above talks, which have been freely assembled to emphasize the case in point. Editorial manipulation is noted, and proper credit is given. |
11,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiments with Reliable Data Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless sensor networks, Protocols, Routing, Energy efficiency, Logic, Intelligent sensors, Guidelines, Wireless communication, Context. Abstract: The increasing complexity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications require simple, yet reliable, underlying networking mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the experiments performed to establish the real challenges and sources of errors for the reliable data delivery problem. We also discuss several implementation solutions and try to establish the issues that should be taken into account in the design phase. The results are obtained by field measurements, therefore we consider them relevant and useful. Our work relies on tight interaction among transport, routing and medium access layers, with the overall goal of achieving energy efficiency through cross-layer optimizations. |
11,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Low cost device for precise microliter range liquid dispensing, and key words: Costs, Drug delivery, Fabrication, Thermal expansion, Dielectric liquids, Temperature, Medical diagnostic imaging, Actuators, Containers, Insulation. Abstract: In this work we present the fabrication and testing of a thermally actuated one-shot liquid dispenser, which actuation is based on highly expandable microspheres. We show an uncomplicated, fully functional, low cost device for use in medical disposables, e.g. transdermal systems based on microneedles. All device components are made out of low cost materials and fabrication processes have the potential for high volume batch manufacturing. The device utilizes the properties of the expandable microspheres to form a heat insulating layer to the delivered liquid. Moreover, it does not require any feed-back or complicated flow metering. The device was successfully tested showing a mean dispensed liquid of 101 /spl mu/l with a relative standard deviation of 3.2% and with a maximum temperature of 59/spl deg/C in the liquid during actuation. No back-flow was observed for the device. |
11,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Automation at a Large Architect-Engineer, and key words: Design automation, Computer graphics, Data engineering, Application software, Hardware, Engineering management, Personnel, Maintenance engineering, Design engineering, Engineering drawings. Abstract: Gibbs & Hill (G&H) has been a proponent, developer, and user of Design Automation (DA) techniques for over fifteen years. Progression has been steady and significant, beginning with the use of relatively simple batch computer programs for the solution of specific engineering problems to the current broad application of state-of-the-art hardware and software including interactive graphics and data base management systems. This progress has been matched by acceptance, and at G&H DA is considered a normal and viable mode of operation rather than an alternate method subject to doubts by management, clients, and personnel. The Design Automation objective is an on-line, integrated data base approach to all aspects and phases of our work, ranging from conceptual design to construction management. The cornerstone of the Design Automation system is CADAEsm (Computer Aided Design and Engineering) which is an Interactive graphics system that is used to produce design drawings, including both dimensional and nondimensional. The G&H Design Automation system is developed, refined, and maintained by a dedicated staff of DA professionals. |
11,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Compiling run-time parametrisable designs, and key words: Runtime, Design optimization, Cryptography, Circuits, Digital filters, Educational institutions, Field programmable gate arrays, Logic design, Program processors, Optimizing compilers. Abstract: This paper explores representations and compilation of run-time parametrisable FPGA designs. We develop methods to produce designs with many run-time parameters, which would otherwise require an impractical number of bitstreams to be generated at compile time. Run-time parametrisation facilitates specialisation, which can be used to remove logic to produce a smaller and faster design. Our approach involves a source description based on Structural VHDL that allows designers to specify what parameters are available at compile time and at run time. Using this approach, converting a compile-time parameter into a run-time parameter or vice versa is straightforward. The source description does not contain explicit information on how to modify the design at run time. We describe a compilation scheme that can be used to extract this information, generate a run-time representation of the design and rapidly instantiate this representation at run time. We present techniques that allow a parametrised design to be incrementally modified in order to minimise the reconfiguration overhead Our compiler implementation generates a Java program that uses the JBits AN to implement the runtime representation and functions to incrementally modify the design. DES and AES encryption designs are used to illustrate our approach. |
11,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Local statistic-based fusion of MIVIS VNIR and simulated TIR images, and key words: Remote sensing, Statistics, Pixel, Geography, Fuses, Multispectral imaging, Spectroscopy, Moisture, Infrared spectra, Image fusion. Abstract: Local statistic-based fusion algorithms are discussed, which can be applied to fuse high-resolution VNIR images and a single low-resolution TIR image. These algorithms are based the experiments that structural information of observed objects In visible and near-infared spectral range (VNIR) is essentially correlated with the environmental information (especially moisture information) in thermal infrared spectral range (TIR). The local is performed at three scales. This algorithm can be useful method to merge the TM image and VNIR images. |
11,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Assertions in end-user software engineering: a think-aloud study, and key words: Software engineering, Programming profession, Error correction, Software testing, Computer science, Software prototyping, Prototypes, Debugging, Displays, Logic devices. Abstract: There has been little research on end-user program development beyond the programming phase. Devising ways to address additional phases may be critical, because research shows that over one-half of the programs written by end users, at least in the widely used spreadsheet paradigm, contain errors. In this paper, we investigate whether providing end users with integrated support for requirement specifications in the form of assertions can help them reason about, recognize, and remove errors in their spreadsheets. Our think-aloud study revealed that end users can indeed use assertions to find and correct errors as they work with their spreadsheets, and also revealed some surprising tendencies and biases about testing. |
11,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the efficiency of electromagnetic solvers in the time- and frequency-domain for the accurate modeling of planar circuits and MEMS, and key words: Transmission line matrix methods, Circuit analysis, Electromagnetic analysis, Performance analysis, Time domain analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Planar transmission lines, Distributed parameter circuits, Integral equations, Resonance. Abstract: In this contribution we present an accurate investigation of three different techniques for the modeling of complex planar circuits. The EM analysis is performed by means of different electromagnetic full-wave solvers in the time-domain and in the frequency-domain. The first one is the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. In the second one the TLM method is combined with the integral equation (IE) method. The latter is based on the generalized transverse resonance diffraction (GTRD). In order to test the methods we model different structures and compare the calculated S-parameters to measured results, with good agreement. |
11,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Trust and Privacy-Preserving e-KYC System Using Blockchain, and key words: Blockchains, Encryption, Cloud computing, Authentication, Security, Smart contracts, Privacy. Abstract: The electronic know your customer (e-KYC) is a system for the banking or identity provider to establish a customer identity data verification process between relying parties. Due to the efficient resource consumption and the high degree of accessibility and availability of cloud computing, most banks implement their e-KYC system on the cloud. Essentially, the security and privacy of e-KYC related documents stored in the cloud becomes the crucial issue. Existing e-KYC platforms generally rely on strong authentication and apply traditional encryption to support their security and privacy requirement. In this model, the KYC system owner encrypts the file with their host’s key and uploads it to the cloud. This method induces encryption dependency and communication and key management overheads. In this paper, we introduce a novel blockchain-based e-KYC scheme called e-KYC TrustBlock based on the ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) method binding with the client consent enforcement to deliver trust, security and privacy compliance. In addition, we introduce attribute-based encryption to enable the privacy preserving and fine-grained access of sensitive transactions stored in the blockchain. Finally, we conduct experiments to show that our system is efficient and scalable in practice. |
11,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Microwaves and Microscopy [From the Guest Editors' Desk], and key words: Special issues and sections, Microscopy, Microwave measurement, Microwave FET integrated circuits, Microwave devices, Microwave integrated circuits. Abstract: The articles in this special section focus on microwaves and microscopy. As the phrase implies, the topic lies at the intersection of two technical disciplines: microwave engineering and measurements on microscopic- length scales. Within the pages of this issue are many compelling images from a wide selection of application areas, including MOS devices, biological cells, acoustic wave devices, and novel materials like graphene. Depending on your professional background, that list of application areas may entice you to dive into this issue. On the other hand, you may feel like this topic lies far from your interest and expertise. If you are in the latter category, we would like to briefly share with you a bit of our personal professional journeys that led us to this unique field of research. Perhaps you will see in our stories a connection between your own interests and microwaves and microscopy. |
11,773 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Change Detection Technique for Occluded Objects using Ultra-Wideband Radar, and key words: Sensitivity, Change detection algorithms, Radar clutter, Signal processing algorithms, Radar detection, Tablet computers, Feature extraction. Abstract: The burgeoning e-commerce business model has witnessed several cases where the packages with faulty goods, returned by the buyers, did not contain the procured object, rather being replaced by a different device. There is a need to unobtrusively detect any such changes in the content of the sealed package. In this paper, the penetrability of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar is utilized to build a change detection technique for making a quantitative assessment of the presence of an 8″ Tab inside its sealed box, as opposed to other devices inside the same box. For this purpose, an electronic device is placed on an oscillating platform. A sliding Least-Of Constant False Alarm Rate (LO-CFAR) algorithm is applied on the radar scan data and the concept of detection sensitivity is introduced. Multiple experiments at different measurement instances are conducted to evaluate 1-class classification using detection sensitivity levels. These experiments show that the detection sensitivity levels provide a statistical basis for differentiating between objects. Also measurements were done at different distances, thus giving the result that the detection sensitivity level alone can be a determinant of the object type. |
11,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Computation of the exact bit-error rate of coherent M-ary PSK with Gray code bit mapping, and key words: Bit error rate, Phase shift keying, Reflective binary codes, Hamming distance, Probability, Hamming weight, Gaussian channels, Signal mapping, Cultural differences, Communications Society. Abstract: The problem of calculating the average bit-error probability (BEP) of coherent M-ary phase-shift keying (PSK) over a Gaussian channel has been studied previously in the literature. A solution to the problem for systems using a binary reflected Gray code (BRGC) to map bits to symbols was first presented by P.J. Lee (see ibid., vol.COM-34, p.488-91, 1986). We show that the results obtained by Lee are incorrect for M/spl ges/16. We show that the reason for this is an invalid assumption that the bit-error rate (BER) is independent of the transmitted symbols, an assumption which has also propagated to textbooks. We give a new expression for the BER of M-PSK systems using the BRGC and compare this with Lee's results. |
11,775 | Please write an abstract with title: The Review for Visual Analytics Methodology, and key words: Human computer interaction, Systematics, Visual analytics, Robot kinematics, Project management, Organizations, Big Data. Abstract: Big data usage evolves from previously looking into the capacity of big data's descriptive and diagnostic perspectives into currently feeding the demands for predictive big data analytics. The needs come about due to organizations that crave predictive analytics capabilities to reduce risk, make intelligent decisions, and generate different customer experiences. Similarly, visual analytics play an essential role in understanding and fitting the analytics prediction in their business decision. Hence, the combination of descriptive, diagnostics and predictive within Visual Analytics emerges as a balanced field to provide understandable predictive insight. Due to the organizational demand and multi-discipline area, the approach to developing visual analytics is still uncertain in the Big Data Project Lifecycle from methodological perspectives. While there are a few potential methodological approaches that could be used for visual analytics, they are scattered across numerous academic research and industrial practice. To date, there is no coherent review and analysis of the work that has been explored specifically for Visual Analytics methodology. This paper reports on a review of previous literature concerning how Visual Analytics has been executed in the big data life cycle to address the gap. The review is organized in this study from three perspectives: i) general ICT -related methodology (e.g. SDLC, Agile, DevOps), ii) Data Science-related methodology (e.g. CRISP-DM, SEMMA, KDD) and iii) Visual Analytics-related methodologies in which each method will be benchmarked based on the Visual Analytics major part of reality, computer and human, in terms of its width, depth, and flows. This study found insufficiencies, non-specific and vague conditions in handling the Visual Analytics when using current methodological approaches based on the review conducted. The paper also highlights the Visual Analytics-related methodological review, which can shed some light on the approaches and ways of implementing analytics in the big data lifecycle, which can be beneficial for future studies in proposing a more comprehensive methodology for Visual Analytics in the big data lifecycle. |
11,776 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Adaptive Reverberation Suppression Method for Moving Active Sonar, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Simulation, Oceans, Sonar, Minimization, Performance analysis, Reverberation. Abstract: Reverberation is one of the main interferences for the active sonar in a shallow sea and seriously affects the detection performance. For the moving sonar system, the motion of the active sonar platform will cause the reverberation in different azimuths to have different Doppler shifts. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) can utilize this feature to improve the performance of reverberation suppression. However, the limitation of insufficient secondary data leads to the degradation of STAP performance in practical applications. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel STAP scheme to suppress the reverberation adaptively in this paper. This approach exploits the sparsity of reverberation space-time spectrum to reduce the requirement of secondary data and improve the estimation accuracy of reverberation covariance. Simulation results show that, compared with the conventional STAP method, our proposed algorithms obtain a better reverberation suppression ability and detection performance. |
11,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency improvement of InGaN LEDs at elevated temperature with dome-shaped patterned-sapphire substrates, and key words: Performance evaluation, Semiconductor lasers, Epitaxial layers, Light emitting diodes, Electroluminescence, Nanostructures, Substrates. Abstract: The efficiency of InGaN LEDs working at elevated temperatures has been improved by introducing patterned-sapphire substrates with dome-shaped nanostructures of the optimized height through the analysis of electroluminescence of devices using an integrating sphere. |
11,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Monthly Electricity Forecast Based on Electricity Consumption Characteristics Analysis and Multiple Effect Factors, and key words: Springs, Neural networks, Urban areas, Prediction algorithms, Temperature, Predictive models, Economic indicators. Abstract: The accurate prediction of users' monthly electricity is the basis for electric power department to allocate power resources and for electric power company to make reasonable sales plans. Based on the in-depth mining of historical electricity data and comprehensively electricity consumption characteristics analysis, a monthly electricity forecast method considering gross domestic product(GDP), temperature and Spring Festival is proposed. Firstly, the prediction model is built based on historical electricity, GDP and temperature data using Elman neural network. Then, the monthly electricity data affected by the Spring Festival is modified to obtain a more accurate monthly electricity prediction result. The monthly electricity data of A city is used to do the verification. By comparing the forecast error of Elman neural network without considering effect factors with the forecast error of proposed algorithm, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified to be improved. It verifies the effectiveness of the prediction algorithm. |
11,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Affine Memory Control for Synchronization of Delayed Fuzzy Neural Networks, and key words: Synchronization, Fuzzy neural networks, Fuzzy control, Delays, Biological neural networks, Linear matrix inequalities, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: This paper deals with the synchronization of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) with time-varying delays. FNNs are more complicated form of neural networks incorporated with fuzzy logics, which provide more powerful performances. Especially, the problem of delayed FNNs's synchronization is of importance in the existence of the network communication. For the synchronization of FNNs with time-varying delays, a novel form of control structure is proposed employing affinely transformed membership functions with memory element. In accordance with affine memory control, appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is chosen to design control gain, guaranteeing stability of the systems with delays. Exploiting the more general type of control attributed by affine transformation and memory-type, a novel criterion is derived in forms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). As a results, the effectiveness of the proposed control is shown through numerical examples by comparisons with others. |
11,780 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepICLogo: A Novel Benchmark Dataset for Deep Learning-Based IC Logo Detection, and key words: PCB Assurance, Automated Visual Inspection, Benchmark IC Logo Dataset, Logo detection, Deep Learning, Reliability. Abstract: The growing number of hardware problems caused by undetected faults during PCB fabrication is concerning. Manufacturers need more potent quality control processes to minimize these challenges. Logo detection and verification play a critical role in ensuring quality control and detecting counterfeits in the field of PCB assurance. In this manuscript, the importance of IC Logo Detection in Automated Visual Inspection (AVI) and PCB assurance along with its existing challenges and current solutions has been discussed. In addition to it, we present and describe a novel IC logo dataset and its contributions to Deep learning-based Logo Detection. We implemented the transfer learning technique using the state-of-the-art You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, more specifically, YOLOv5 model, and discussed the results and associated insights. We have also suggested the possible improvements required for future work. |
11,781 | Please write an abstract with title: WSNs Link Quality Evaluation Method Based on Multi-Hidden Layer Multi-Channel Extreme Learning Machine, and key words: Wireless communication, Fading channels, Wireless sensor networks, Extreme learning machines, Hardware, Quality assessment, Received signal strength indicator. Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the link characteristics of WSNs (wireless sensor network) and the existing link quality evaluation methods. Considering the link quality assessment affected by susceptibility to multi-path fading and low energy of the link, and evaluates the link quality based on hardware parameters. The received signal strength indicator, link quality indicator and signal-to-noise ratio are selected as the comprehensive evaluation parameters of the link quality, the link quality level is divided according to the packet reception rate, and the link quality level is used as the link quality evaluation index. On this basis, a multi-hid den-layer and multi-channel extreme learning machine is used to evaluate the link quality of WSN s, and a link quality evaluation model is constructed. |
11,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of model predictive control to increase the energy efficiency of domestic solar thermal heating system, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Analytical models, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Mathematical models, Data models. Abstract: Solar thermal heating system relies on efficient use of available solar radiation. Traditional systems use temperature sensors to directly measure actual parameters and controls are used that react accordingly. In this article use of model predictive control is analyzed to use the temperature of the water leaving the top of the tank (load temperature), which increases with an increase in solar radiation, as a control signal for lowering setpoint for auxiliary heater placed inside the storage tank. Results show that the use of prediction horizon 24–72 h increase solar fraction and reduce necessary auxiliary energy of the system. Monthly analysis shows that a longer prediction horizon performs better in most cases. |
11,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning optimal classifier through fuzzy recognition rate maximization, and key words: Prototypes, Containers, Pattern recognition, Euclidean distance, Convergence, Character recognition, Optical character recognition software, Robustness, Feature extraction, Optimization methods. Abstract: The adjustment of the metric (features weighting) and the optimisation of the position of prototypes in the feature space are two of most important problems in minimum distance classifiers. This paper presents a new method to deal with these two problems based on the maximisation of a fuzzy recognition rate functional. The functional is a result of an easy to understand mathematical formulation. Experimental results on the recognition of binary cursive characters and gray-level container code characters follow. A comparison with the standard LVQ method is also made and discussed for the cursive character case. |
11,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Local Stackelberg Equilibrium Seeking in Generalized Aggregative Games, and key words: Games, Cost function, Couplings, Standards, Approximation algorithms, Convergence, Wireless networks. Abstract: We propose a two-layer, semidecentralized algorithm to compute a local solution to the Stackelberg equilibrium problem in aggregative games with coupling constraints. Specifically, we focus on a single-leader, multiple-follower problem, and after equivalently recasting the Stackelberg game as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC), we iteratively convexify a regularized version of the MPCC as the inner problem, whose solution generates a sequence of feasible descent directions for the original MPCC. Thus, by pursuing a descent direction at every outer iteration, we establish convergence to a local Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on a numerical case study, a hierarchical instance of the charging coordination problem of plug-in electric vehicles. |
11,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Damage Model of the Concrete Structure of the High-speed Railway Tunnel Base, and key words: Thermodynamics, Strain, Rail transportation, Stress, Mathematical model, Load modeling, Plastics. Abstract: Based on thermodynamic and energy dissipation principles, and directed towards the repeated “tensile-compressive-tensile-compressive” stress of the concrete structure of the high-speed railway tunnel base, double scalar damage variables are defined, the hardening function is introduced, the elastoplastic Helmholtz free energy is amended, and the nonlinear stochastic damage constitutive model that describes strain-softening of the concrete under tensile and compressive conditions is derived. In the effective stress space, the evolution rule of the damage variables is derived based on the normality rule of the plastic mechanics. After solving the probability density evolution equation, the numerical analysis solving algorithm of “elastic prediction-plastic amendment-damage amendment” was established. Further, secondary development of the program is performed, which realizes the numerical computation of the stochastic damage constitutive model. By comparing with the indoor uniaxial tensile and uniaxial compressive test results obtained in previous studies, the accuracy and the adaptability of the derived stochastic damage constitutive model were verified. This model not only reflects the stress-strain relationship of the concrete when in tension or compression in terms of the mean value but also simulates the discrete range in terms of probability, which closely reflects the non-linearity and randomness of the loading behaviour of the concrete. Through algorithm analysis, this model can be adopted to calculate the damage evolution rules and fatigue damage life of the tunnel base concrete. |
11,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology development for future very large observatories, and key words: Observatories, Space technology, Telescopes, Apertures, Optical interferometry, Space missions, Cryogenics, Thermal management, Planets, Stimulated emission. Abstract: In the future very large observatories planned as part of the Astronomical Search for Origins may require significant advances in focal planes, large apertures, active and adaptive wavefront control, and distributed thermal management systems. The vision missions and the needed technologies are briefly described. |
11,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Si-IGBT / SiC-MOSFET Hybrid Inverter Control Method for Reduced Loss and Switching Ripple, and key words: Costs, Voltage source inverters, Switching frequency, Conferences, Switching loss, Optimal control, Switches. Abstract: In this paper, a hybrid two-level voltage source inverter which utilizes a Si-IGBT as the high-side switch and a SiC-MOSFET as the low-side switch is suggested. Due to its uneven switch characteristics, proper discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) method is applied to reduce losses generated in the inverter effectively. In addition, variable switching frequency control method is proposed to reduce the switching ripple with the cost of low increase of losses. The suggested hybrid inverter is compared to the full Si-IGBT and full SiC-MOSFET inverters in the perspective of losses and ripples. |
11,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Capability Architecture Construction Methodology to System of Systems, and key words: System of Systems (SoS), Capability Architecture (CArch), CArch Methodology (CArchMeth), Domain Analysis, Capability Requirement (CR), CArch Configuration Model (CArchCM). Abstract: Many different kinds of actions and businesses would be involved when analyzing a System of Systems (SoS), such as modeling, simulation, evaluation, optimization and so on. Because of the essential characteristics of SoS, i.e. the high-complexity, plenty elements, massive relationships, uncertain conditions, and varied human factors, etc., it's difficult to deal with a SoS effectively. Capability Analysis is a good solution to SoS research. And the most important step of SoS Capability Analysis (SoSCA) is to construct Capability Architecture (CArch) at very beginning. So as to clarify the corresponding SoS capability requirements, and declare the uniform specification and descriptions for the particular SoS missions. Then the SoS missions could be divided into several sub-missions and be dealt with jointly or respectively according to the coherent principles. Furthermore, all the analysis results could be integrated reasonably to avoid unnecessary diffusion or conflict. Yet, constructing SoS CArch would be a much more difficult and complex procedure, because there aren't the standardized systematic methods or procedures to guide SoS CArch's design, exploitation and application. To solve the problem, this paper would research the basal primary issue and try to support an effective methodology, i.e. CArchMeth, for SoS CArch construction. CArchMeth could be summarized as Domain Analysis, mainly including Mission Domain, Capability Domain, Method Domain, and Object Domain. The realized CArch could associate each aspect of the special SoS, such as the mission, the capability, the supporting element system, and so on. Then the requirement analysis, configurations description, components, workflow, resources and the pivotal principles of CArchMeth would be discussed respectively. Furthermore, some application would be supported to clarify the effect of CArchMeth. |
11,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous Optical Access Networks: Enabling Low-Latency 5G Services With a Silicon Photonic Smart Edge, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Optical network units, Wavelength division multiplexing, Broadband antennas, Passive optical networks, Broadband communication, Optical signal processing. Abstract: In the 5G era, optical fronthaul is a major challenge in meeting growing demand. Edge computation and coordinated multipoint for 5G have stringent requirements for high throughput and low latency, either in single-wavelength or wavelength-division-multiplexing fronthaul. We propose a new silicon photonic solution to deliver 5G services on existing optical access networks with colorless optical network units, such as passive optical networks. The newly added 5G services form a heterogeneous optical access network. Using the existing fiber infrastructure, broadband services coexist with new 5G signals that can densify 5G coverage. The proposed scheme is both wavelength-selective (in the distribution network) and colorless (at the end user site). We use silicon microring modulators to create subcarriers slaved from the broadband service distributed carrier; additional microring modulators generate 5G signals exploiting those subcarriers. We experimentally validated the successful coexistence of 5G signals (various formats) with a broadband signal (various formats). |
11,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Parallel Processing by Using MapReduce, and key words: Information science, Image processing, Computational modeling, Distributed databases, Telecommunication traffic, Parallel processing, Streaming media. Abstract: In recent years, big data processing platform Hadoop and parallel computing model MapReduce have achieved good results in mass data processing. However, since Hadoop does not design the input data streams for image files and MapReduce does not define an interface to match the data types of image files, the technology that running MapReduce program on Hadoop cluster to process massive image files in parallel is not mature. In addition, as image characteristic data (such as pixel intensive) is often skewness, image parallel processing on heterogeneous Hadoop cluster triggers a large data transfer and load imbalance among nodes, so that reducing the efficiency of MapReduce job. To tackle aforementioned problems, this paper carried out the following work, (1) The Hadoop platform is optimized to efficiently process the massive image; (2) The MapReduce model is extended and the interface is designed to support parallel image processing. (3) A new partition, namely PIHA, is proposed to mitigate data skew in heterogeneous Hadoop 3.2.0. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the efficiency of parallel image processing using MapReduce on Hadoop. |
11,791 | Please write an abstract with title: A 2.9-3.5-GHz tunable low-noise amplifier, and key words: Low-noise amplifiers, Impedance matching, CMOS technology, Tunable circuits and devices, Circuit topology, Frequency, Circuit optimization, Tuning, Power measurement, Gain measurement. Abstract: In this paper, a novel circuit topology of low-noise amplifiers suitable for multi-band and multi-standard wireless applications is proposed. By employing a broadband input matching technique and vactors in the inter-stage and output matching networks, a compact LNA with continuous frequency tuning capability is realized. The proposed circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Based on the measurement results, the LNA can operate from 2.9 to 3.5 GHz with a forward gain of 9/spl plusmn/3 dB while consuming a dc power of 18 mW from a 1.8-V supply. |
11,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Telemedicine diffusion in a developing Country:The case of India (march 2004), and key words: Telemedicine, Computer aided software engineering, Hospitals, Medical services, Medical diagnostic imaging, Heart, Surgery, Pediatrics, Costs, Medical treatment. Abstract: Telemedicine (health-care delivery where physicians examine distant patients using telecommunications technologies) has been heralded as one of several possible solutions to some of the medical dilemmas that face many developing countries. In this study, we examine the current state of telemedicine in a developing country, India. Telemedicine has brought a plethora of benefits to the populace of India, especially those living in rural and remote areas (constituting about 70% of India's population). We discuss three Indian telemedicine implementation cases, consolidate lessons learned from the cases, and culminate with potential researchable critical success factors that account for the growth and modest successes of telemedicine in India. |
11,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Moth flame optimization algorithm based on quadratic interpolation for data clustering, and key words: Fires, Clustering algorithms, Interpolation, Optimization, Sociology, Statistics. Abstract: K-means clustering is a clustering technique based on partition. It is widely used in practice because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, it has shortcomings of highly relying on initial clustering center and possibly trapping into local optimum. Firstly, a revised moth flame optimization algorithm with quadratic interpolation is proposed to overcome the defects of K-means and to revise the quality of solution and iterative efficiency of the basic algorithm. The initial population with better diversity is generated by using tent chaotic map to ameliorate the exploration ability of the algorithm. Arithmetical crossover operation for flame location produces new flame with better diversity to guide the moth finding the optimal solution so that the iterative efficiency of the algorithm is ameliorated. Selecting the moths of population to perform quadratic interpolation is helpful for the algorithm to converge rapidly near the optimal solution. It can polish up exploitation ability of the algorithm. The high performance of the improved algorithm is then employed for optimize the location of cluster centers and is examined by five UCI datasets. The experiment results indicate that the improved technique is suitable for finishing problem clustering via k-means, and good clustering results are obtained. |
11,794 | Please write an abstract with title: A-ECN Minimizing Queue Length for Datacenter Networks, and key words: Bandwidth, Throughput, Delays, Switches, Mathematical model, Wide area networks, Round robin. Abstract: Recently, Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) has been leveraged by DCTCP and its successive protocols to reduce the latency in datacenters. However, we find that DCTCP may induce the queue underflow and high latency in multi-queue scenarios and even single-queue environments. Our analysis concludes that the problem is caused by improper ECN marking thresholds of DCTCP. In this paper, an Adaptive ECN (A-ECN) marking scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the ECN marking scheme of DCTCP.A-ECN is designed to minimize queue length as well as keeping high link utilization. More importantly, A-ECN can adaptively adjust ECN marking thresholds in different scenarios to achieve good generality. Therefore, network operators can directly deploy A-ECN in various environments regardless of underlying bandwidth, packet schedulers and the number of concurrent flows. At last, the testbed evaluation results show that A-ECN can minimize queue length and maintain high throughput. The flow completion times (FCT) for short flows could be reduced by up to 40% compared to the ECN marking scheme of DCTCP. |
11,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Inductive Voltage Divider Ratio Measurement Based on Dual-Channel PJVS, and key words: Phase measurement, Voltage measurement, Frequency measurement, Standards, Current measurement, Field programmable gate arrays, Calibration. Abstract: This paper introduces a dual-channel quantum voltage synthesis system based on Josephson junction. And two AC quantum voltage signals with adjustable amplitude and phase are synthesized. A method is introduced to measure the ratio and phase difference of an inductive voltage divider based on the dual-channel AC quantum voltage system. It is proved that the ratio and phase difference of a inductive voltage divider can be traced to Josephson quantum voltage by precision comparison experiment with self-calibration method. |
11,796 | Please write an abstract with title: High intensity 1.3-1.6/spl mu/m luminescence from MBE grown GaInNAsSb, and key words: Luminescence, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Gallium arsenide, Power lasers, Surface emitting lasers, Stimulated emission, Optical devices, Optoelectronic devices, Nitrogen, Indium gallium arsenide. Abstract: GaInNAs grown on GaAs substrates has been found to optically emit at wavelengths longer than previously possible on GaAs and may be promising as an active region for use in 1.3 and 1.55/spl mu/m optoelectronic devices. Adding small amounts of nitrogen to InGaAs pushes emission to even longer wavelengths and offsets the In lattice mismatch. Dilute nitride GaInNAs alloys grown on GaAs have quickly become an excellent candidate for lower cost 1.3-1.55/spl mu/m vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and high power edge emitting lasers in the past few years. |
11,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Semantic Segmentation Scheme based on XGBoost combination with Convolution Feature Extraction, and key words: Training, Support vector machines, Analytical models, Costs, Convolution, Training data, Feature extraction. Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the existing image semantic segmentation schemes based on convolutional neural network require a large number of training data sets and high training cost, this paper presents a novel scheme for image semantic segmentation based on extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a scalable tree boosting system and the combination of convolution feature extraction (CFE). The scheme consists of three stages. First, convolution operation is performed on a small amount of RGB pixel information of the image processed by Gaussian filtering to acquire more multi -dimensional image feature information. Then, some preprocessing techniques of image feature information, including feature normalization and image label pixel number uniformity are performed to match the model. Finally, the preprocessed image feature information and corresponding labels are input into XGBoost to train and predict the data of the test set. Through simulation and practical tests, compared with other commonly used few data classification algorithms like k-Nearest-Neighbor (kNN) and Support-Vector-Machine (SVM), this scheme can achieve high precision pixel-level image semantic segmentation under the condition of lower training cost. |
11,798 | Please write an abstract with title: State of arts in ultra wideband (UWB) wireless technology and global harmonization, and key words: Subspace constraints, Ultra wideband technology, Bandwidth, Communications technology, Interference, Binary phase shift keying, Electronic mail, Uniform resource locators, Mobile communication, Research and development. Abstract: As a center of mobile multimedia of the 21st century, it is very much looking forward to explosion of R&D and business of various wireless communication systems. In order to maintain advancement of communications and its related industries in Japan, there is a demand to keep creating new high technologies and theories and to educate a high level of experts who can cover multiple fields. To satisfy this demand, National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (NICT: former Communications Research Laboratory: CRL) and Yokohama National University COE program have objectives for a top level of research and education to create a vision and its supporting technologies for future social infrastructure based on telecommunication technology. In particular, this program focuses on technologies and theories in a joint field of optical and radio communications. This invited talk will introduce Japanese activities on R&D and regulation in latest core communication technology; Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) wireless communications based on impulse radio. I hope that this invited talk will stimulate much active discussion on UWB and its related issues to carry out the core technologies with System on a Chip (SoC). In this paper, we propose a Soft-Spectrum (SS) UWB transferring scheme with free-verse and geometric pulse waveform adaptation and shaping [5] [6], which is suitable for co-existence, interference avoidance, matching with regulatory spectral mask including FCC Spectrum Mask, and high data rate. In Section 2, this Soft-Spectrum Adaptation proposal will he described in detail. Different kinds of multi-hands pulse waveforms with various shapes, envelopes, as well as spectral features are investigated. BER (hit-error-rate) performance simulations corresponding to these pulse waveforms are also carried out in Section 3, under AWGN environment. Conclusions are given in the last Section. |
11,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust, reversible, nano-scale, femto-second-switching circuits and their evolution, and key words: Robustness, Switches, Ultrafast electronics, Switching circuits, Computer science, Circuit faults, Electronic components, Brain modeling, Circuit simulation, Electronic circuits. Abstract: This paper introduces conceptual problems that arise in the next 10-20 years as electronic circuits reach nanometer scale, i.e. the size of molecules. Such circuits are impossible to make perfectly, due to the inevitable fabrication faults in chips with an Avogrado number of components. Hence, they need to be constructed so that they are robust to faults. They also need to be (as far as possible) reversible circuits, to avoid the heat dissipation problem if bits of information are routinely wiped out during the computational process. They also have to be local if the switching times reach femto-seconds, which is possible now with quantum optics. This paper discusses some of the conceptual issues involved in trying to build circuits that satisfy all these criteria, i.e. that they are robust, reversible and local. We propose an evolutionary engineering based model that meets all these criteria, and provide some experimental results to justify it. |
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