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11,900 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of the charge-dipole interaction on the coagulation of fractal aggregates, and key words: Coagulation, Fractals, Aggregates, Dusty plasma, Plasma temperature, Plasma chemistry, Physics, Electrons, Planets, Plasma density. Abstract: A numerical model with broad applications to complex (dusty) plasmas is presented. The self-consistent N-body code allows simulation of the coagulation of fractal aggregates, including the charge-dipole interaction of the clusters due to the spatial arrangement of charge on the aggregate. It is shown that not only does a population of oppositely charged particles increase the coagulation rate, the inclusion of the charge-dipole interaction of the aggregates as well as the electric dipole potential of the dust ensemble decreases the gelation time by a factor of up to 20. It is further shown that these interactions can also stimulate the onset of gelation, or "runaway growth," even in a population of particles charged to a monopotential where previously it was believed that like-charged grains would inhibit coagulation. Gelation is observed to occur due to the formation of high-mass aggregates with fractal dimensions greater than two, which act as seeds for runaway growth. |
11,901 | Please write an abstract with title: MA-UNet++: A Multi-Attention Guided U-Net++ for COVID-19 CT Segmentation, and key words: COVID-19, Image segmentation, Shape, Computed tomography, Nonhomogeneous media, Lesions, Clinical diagnosis. Abstract: At the beginning of 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread widely all over the world, leading to a public health crisis in the world. Automatic COVID-19 CT segmentation can not only assist radiologists in understanding images, but also help physicians to calibrate diagnoses and provide image-guided clinical diagnosis. However, due to the inhomogeneous intensity distribution of COVID-19 in CT scans, the ambiguous and missing boundaries, and highly variable shapes of lesions, it is quite challenging to develop an automatic solution. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Multi-Attention Guided U-Net++ (MA-UNet++) for COVID-19 segmentation. In this network, we design a novel long-skip channel-wise attention module and introduce a spatial-wise attention module to re-weight the feature representation and capture rich contextual relationships at different scales. The experiment evaluated on the COVID-19 CT Segmentation dataset, demonstrate the MA-UNet++ achieves higher segmentation accuracy than the state-of-art methods. |
11,902 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Demosaicking using Super Resolution Techniques, and key words: Training, Image resolution, Image color analysis, Superresolution, Noise reduction, Energy resolution, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Limitations do exist on capturing the full color information in a scene, apart from the resolution of captured images. Therefore mosaic images are the preferred format in digital cameras, where incomplete set of color information is acquired. In this paper, a super-resolution demosaicking (SRD) approach is proposed to reconstruct an enhanced-resolution full-color image from the observed samples, robustly and without the need (a) for a training process. The acquisition model assumes degraded observations using known blur and noise. The reconstruction approach iteratively estimates the unknown registration parameters and the demosaic image simultaneously. Qualitative and quantitative experiments performed (b) on synthetic observations reveal high performance images. |
11,903 | Please write an abstract with title: The effects of cross-correlated noise and multi-channel signal on ORing loss, and key words: Noise reduction, Acoustic noise, Humans, Frequency, Acoustic measurements, Loss measurement, Acoustic signal detection, Signal to noise ratio, Equations, Acoustic signal processing. Abstract: To reduce the amount of information presented to a human observer, ORing has been used to combine frequency-time plots from several acoustic channels. ORing introduces a loss which is measured as a rise in the minimum detectable signal-to-noise ratio. Equations for ORing loss are derived for a general signal processing system with arbitrary signal and noise distributions. Results are provided for the case of Gaussian noise and Gaussian signal. Simulation is used to verify the analytical results, and to provide insight into how cross-correlated noise and signal present on multiple channels reduce ORing loss. Results suggest: 1) if signal is present on only one channel, noise correlation reduces ORing loss, but not as much as currently estimated, and 2) if noise is independent from channel to channel, signal on more than one channel also reduces ORing loss. However, the two effects are not independent. Consequently, they must be considered together when estimating ORing loss. |
11,904 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Fuzzy Adaptive Constrained Tracking Control for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles With Singularity-Free Switching, and key words: Vehicle dynamics, Control systems, Actuators, Mechatronics, Fuzzy logic, Aerodynamics. Abstract: This article proposes a fuzzy adaptive design solving the finite-time constrained tracking for hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs). Actuator dynamics and asymmetric time-varying constraints are considered when solving this problem. The main features of the proposed design lie in 1) introducing a novel piecewise but differentiable switching control law, with an appropriate design thought to avoid the singularity issues typical of finite-time control; 2) handling actuator magnitude, bandwidth, and rate constraints, thanks to the introduction of an auxiliary compensating system counteracting the adverse effects caused by actuator physical constraints, while guaranteeing the closed-loop stability; and 3) handling asymmetric time-varying state constraints, thanks to the introduction of tan-type barrier Lyapunov functions working for both constrained and unconstrained scenarios. Comparative simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over existing methods for HFVs in terms of convergence, smoothness, actuator performance, and constraints satisfaction. |
11,905 | Please write an abstract with title: Leaderless collective motions in affine formation control, and key words: Laplace equations, Shape, Conferences, Numerical simulation, Stability analysis, Steady-state, Shearing. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel distributed technique to induce collective motions in affine formation control. Instead of the traditional leader-follower strategy, we propose modifying the original weights that build the Laplacian matrix so that a designed steady-state motion of the desired shape emerges from the agents’ local interactions. The proposed technique allows a rich collection of collective motions such as rotations around the centroid, translations, scalings, and shearings of a reference shape. These motions can be applied in useful collective behaviors such as shaped consensus (the rendezvous with a particular shape), escorting one of the team agents, or area coverage. We prove the global stability and effectiveness of our proposed technique rigorously, and we provide some illustrative numerical simulations. |
11,906 | Please write an abstract with title: Short-Term Load Forecasting for Jordan Power System Based on NARX-ELMAN Neural Network and ARMA Model, and key words: Load forecasting, Artificial neural networks, Power systems, Autoregressive processes, Predictive models, Neurons, Load modeling. Abstract: Over the past few years, there is a vast expansion of the Jordan National Energy Sector. Hence, National Electrical Power Company (NEPCO) sheds more light on load forecasting. It tries to build a rigid bridge between the academic and industrial fields. Subsequently, this work presents a study of short-term load forecasting (STLF) for the Jordanian power system. Three techniques are used: the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) recurrent neural network, the Elman neural network, and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA). These proposed techniques are trained, validated, and tested using the historical record of hourly load data for the whole year 2018, which is obtained from NEPCO. Besides, these techniques show a satisfactory forecasting accuracy and improve the predicted load shape performance of a week ahead (January 1, 2019, to January 7, 2019). Error is reduced based on optimizing the number of hidden layers and the number of neurons. Moreover, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) are estimated at 5.53%, 3.42%, and 10.28% for NARX, Elman, and ARMA, respectively. Finally, this work is implemented using neural network toolbox and MATLAB code in Mathworks. |
11,907 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Kalman Filtering for Interconnected Dynamic Systems, and key words: Kalman filters, Interconnected systems, Dynamical systems, Directed graphs, Stability analysis. Abstract: This article is concerned with the distributed Kalman filtering problem for interconnected dynamic systems, where the local estimator of each subsystem is designed only by its own information and neighboring information. A decoupling strategy is developed to minimize the impact of interconnected terms on the estimation performance, and then the recursive and distributed Kalman filter is derived in the minimum mean-squared error sense. Moreover, by using Lyapunov criterion for linear time-varying systems, stability conditions are presented such that the designed estimator is bounded. Finally, a heavy duty vehicle platoon system is employed to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods. |
11,908 | Please write an abstract with title: Extending SPICE with FDTD and generalized characteristic model for coupled microstrip lines simulation, and key words: SPICE, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Microstrip, Circuit simulation, Voltage, Analytical models, Coupling circuits, Integrated circuit interconnections, Impedance. Abstract: The implementation of an efficient full wave enabled SPICE simulator is presented. The generalized characteristic model has been integrated into FDTD-SPICE simulator so that full wave analysis with lumped terminal devices is much faster. Example with coupled microstrip lines terminated with diodes showed that it is 75% faster than FDTD-SPICE analysis. |
11,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Dialog trajectory analysis, and key words: Feeds, Speech, Monitoring, Data analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Personnel, Visual databases, Stochastic systems, Automata, Change detection algorithms. Abstract: Spoken dialog systems are becoming increasingly common in deployed services. These systems are not perfect, and are often deployed "open-loop" - lacking in systematic procedures for diagnosing problems and for making improvements. In order to target improvements where they will have the biggest impact, two things are needed: first, methods and tools for detailed analysis of a data feed of call logs and customer audio; second, an interactive tool for presenting an intuitive view of the results to those responsible for the application. We discuss the paradigm and an implementation through which we are able to close the loop between system execution and system evolution by providing an empirical dialog trajectory analysis represented via a stochastic finite state machine. Novel graph analysis algorithms are introduced for change detection, compression and pruning for display, based on user-interface objectives. |
11,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent advances in the application of imaging techniques in the estimation of living age, and key words: Estimation, Signal processing, Market research, Bones, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: Living age inference plays an important role in the study of court science related cases, especially in adolescence and early adulthood. It is more and more important to infer the age of the living body by using the imaging characteristics of human teeth and bones in judicial practice. Through the analysis and summary of the latest application of image examination technology in the estimation of living age, the analysis methods and common indicators involved in different examination methods are summarized, and the advantages, disadvantages and development trends of relevant examinations are summarized, so as to provide research ideas for the estimation of living age. |
11,911 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Machine Learning Technique for Personality Classification from Online Text using HEXACO Model, and key words: Text recognition, Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Entrepreneurship, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Data models. Abstract: Personality refers to a person's unique collection of traits that influence their habits, behaviors, attitudes, and thinking patterns. Text accessible on social networking sites may be used to automatically identify an individual's personality characteristics. In the trials, a publicly accessible benchmark dataset from Kaggle is utilized. The major problem with the previous study was the skewness of the dataset, which was reduced by using the Re-sampling method, essentially random over-sampling, which resulted in improved performance. Although the results produced by all classifiers across all personality characteristics are acceptable, the performance of the XGBoost classifier is exceptional, reaching more than 99 percent precision and accuracy for various qualities. Individual preferences, talents, social and human values, personality variations, and human will power must all be addressed while analyzing entrepreneurial activities, intents, and performance, especially with entrepreneurship playing such an important part in the contemporary dynamic. Using the HEXACO Personality Characteristics Model, this study demonstrates a link between personality traits and entrepreneurial success, indicating that personality traits have a significant and direct effect on entrepreneurial performance. |
11,912 | Please write an abstract with title: A suboptimal Kalman filter with fading factors for DGPS/MEMS-IMU/magnetic compass integrated navigation, and key words: Fading, Global Positioning System, Magnetic separation, Navigation, Computer errors, Robustness, Information filtering, Information filters, Magnetic sensors, Uncertainty. Abstract: In this paper, a new approach that performs DGPS/MEMS-IMU/magnetic compass integrated navigation based on a suboptimal Kalman filter is proposed. The purpose is bounding MEMS-IMU errors with non-drift DGPS and magnetic compass through a robust filter as long as DGPS locked information is available. Because the difficulties of establishing an accurate sensor error model for MEMS-IMU and the limitation of computer burden, the suboptimal Kalman filter with fading factors is intended for improving the robustness to the model uncertainties and assure the convergence of state estimation. It is always on-line when GPS locks so that it does not need to renew initial parameters every other interval to recalibrate MEMS-IMU. The performance of this approach is tested through computer simulations. |
11,913 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid non-uniform grid based fast global boundary conditions for concave scatterers, and key words: Boundary conditions, Electromagnetic scattering, Integral equations, Finite difference methods, Finite element methods, Computational efficiency, Differential equations, Electromagnetic analysis, Nonhomogeneous media, Perfectly matched layers. Abstract: We present a novel fast iterative algorithm (NG fast GBC) based on a hybrid boundary integral formulation. When coupled with domain decomposition and a non-uniform polar grid interpolation scheme, it has the potential to overcome some of the limitations of local absorbing boundary condition (ABC) schemes. The algorithm applies to scattering problems for bodies with arbitrarily shaped exterior boundaries and allows significant reduction in "white space". In our formulation, the scatterer is assumed as PEC, although extension of the scheme to arbitrary local boundary conditions (e.g., impedance boundary) is quite possible. An efficient and accurate multidimensional interpolation scheme serves as key to the implementation of the method, especially if the technique is employed in a multilevel computational scheme. |
11,914 | Please write an abstract with title: Factors affecting IT adoption: the case of a Chinese retail company, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Context modeling, Information technology, Technological innovation, Technology management, Information systems, Size measurement, Government, Solids, Design methodology. Abstract: Chinese retail companies are facing fierce competition because of entry of WTO. Information technologies can reinforce the competitive ability for retail companies. This study tries to find out state of IT adoption and factors that affect IT adoption in Chinese retail companies. All the factors that greatly influence the IT adoption in retail companies were listed. A big Chinese retail company's IT adoption was studied as a case. Some special factors are given out that may be helpful for IT adoption of Chinese retail companies. |
11,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Terrestrial DVB (DVB-T): A Broadcast Technology for Stationary Portable and Mobile Use, and key words: Digital video broadcasting, Broadcast technology, TV, Modulation coding, Frequency synchronization, Payloads, Paper technology, Signal analysis, Channel coding, System performance. Abstract: Digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) is the name of the terrestrial transmission system which was developed by the DVB Project. DVB-T is in operation in many countries around the world. This paper analyzes the features of the system. It describes its capabilities with a special emphasis on mobile reception and looks at the introduction of DVB-T in Germany using the launch of DVB-T in this country as a case study. In order to analyze how an MPEG transport stream at the input of a DVB-T modulator is turned into a DVB-T signal, we consider the channel coding and modulation used. Then we look at various aspects of the system performance. The next section deals with mobile reception. Network planning issues, antenna diversity concepts for mobile receivers, and handover procedures will be considered. Finally, the introduction of DVB-T in Germany is presented as a case study. In contrast to various other countries Germany decided to offer DVB-T as a means of providing the "anywhere TV" experience. This implies that DVB-T signals can be received with mobile and portable receivers. In regions with DVB-T coverage analogue terrestrial TV services were discontinued just a few months after the launch of DVB-T. |
11,916 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning organizations for nuclear safety, and key words: Safety, Power generation, Energy management, Power generation economics, Project management, Fission reactors, Industrial economics, Environmental economics, Human factors, Resource management. Abstract: Organizational learning (OL) is a crucial component of operational excellence in nuclear power plants. OL relies on performance assessments, change management and continuous improvements. OL has become increasingly important for the nuclear industry in its adaptation to changes in the political and economic environment, work force, technology in plants, and organizations of the nuclear utilities. A danger in this process is that even minor problems may trigger a chain of events in which the risk of deteriorated safety and/or diminishing trust in the safety standards of the particular nuclear power plant becomes possible. The paper describes a project that considers demands placed on the nuclear power plant management in order to create methods and tools to approach them. The involvement of nuclear power plants in the project provides a unique possibility for interactions between research and practice to benchmark approaches to safety management in different cultures and in stages of change. To ensure the maximum benefit for the participating nuclear power plants, results are tested and adapted continuously in the project. |
11,917 | Please write an abstract with title: Anti-focal Loss for Speech Recognition on Small-Scale Datasets, and key words: Training, Performance evaluation, Deep learning, Predictive models, Transformers, Data models, Task analysis. Abstract: Deep learning models with encoder-decoder architecture become popular in automatic speech recognition systems, due to their success in sequential prediction tasks. Recently, the conformer model has greatly improved the accuracy of speech recognition. However, similar to transformer models, its training relies on a large amount of data. This paper explores an efficient few-shot learning strategy. Specifically, a spec-augment approach is proposed to augment the speech dataset, then a novel loss function, anti-focal loss, is introduced to encourage fast convergence in a small-scale, unbalanced data setting. Extensive experiments on aishell-l dataset show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches under limited support data, in terms of convergence speed and generalization ability. |
11,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Network on Waveform Components Recognition for Distributed Optic-Fiber Sensing, and key words: Deep learning, Optical fiber networks, Reflectometry, Feature extraction, Optical sensors, Optical reflection, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: We have proposed a deep learning network of SqueezeNet in the application of distributed optic-fiber sensing based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry technique. The obtained results show the improvement in the accuracy of waveform components recognition for low SNR and multiple component signals. |
11,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Situation Awareness and System Trust Affecting Handover Processes in Self-Driving Cars up to Level 3 Autonomy, and key words: situation awareness, autonomous vehicle safety, hand over process, reliance, compliance. Abstract: The safety of partially and conditionally automated vehicles is a critical issue, since these are not able to deal with all possibly emerging road scenarios. When a currently developed cutting edge autonomous system faces an unsolvable situation, the driver has to take back manual control. However, if the driver fails to comprehend and manage the situation in time, the consequences can be fatal. This paper provides a review of the literature of situation awareness and system trust regarding autonomous road vehicles, to reveal the psychological aspects of handover situations. Based on the findings, we identified the effect of handover situation on the trust, and identified the critical situation awareness components during handover, which may contribute to safer system design. It is concluded that handover performance can be improved through the purposeful optimization of human-machine interfaces, and it requires large compliance, while reliance should be kept low. |
11,920 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast and highly adaptive peer-to-peer lookup system for medium-scale network, and key words: Adaptive systems, Peer to peer computing, Routing, Costs, Scalability, Internet, Web server, Job design, Particle measurements, Cascading style sheets. Abstract: This paper presents the design and evaluation of FastAd, a fast and highly adaptive peer-to-peer (P2P) lookup system for medium-scale network where the number of nodes is not more than tens of thousands. Using routing tables larger than those of previous schemes, a lookup can be performed at just two hops, while maintenance cost of tables can be minimized by adopting lazy consistency with piggybacking. In addition, assigning dynamic node identifier (nodeId) instead of a fixed nodeId by hashing the node's IP address, FastAd network can be organized more adaptively and adjusted dynamically with system state such as load distribution, node dynamics, and so on. As a result, each node has different responsibility to exploit its heterogeneity. |
11,921 | Please write an abstract with title: Elastic graph matching versus linear subspace methods for frontal face verification, and key words: Image databases. Abstract: Summary form only given. In this paper, a comparative study between standard linear subspace techniques such as eigenfaces and fisherfaces and a novel morphological elastic graph matching for frontal face verification is presented. A set of experiments has been conducted in the M2VTS database in order to investigate the performance of each algorithm in different image alignment conditions. The experimental results indicate the superiority of the novel morphological elastic graph matching against all the other presented techniques. |
11,922 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable and QoS-Aware Resource Allocation to Heterogeneous Traffic Flows in 5G, and key words: Quality of service, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Resource management, 5G mobile communication, Internet of Things, Optimization, Databases. Abstract: Networks of new generations are increasingly involved in transporting heterogeneous flows. Indeed, in addition to the usual data and multimedia traffic, the Internet of Things (IoT) smart applications are creating new traffic types and relationships involving billions of active nodes like sensors and actuators. This traffic raises a problem of scale, particularly for resource management and decision-making mechanisms. The present work addresses for the first time the joint problem of mapping heterogeneous flows from multiple users and applications to transport blocks, and then packing these blocks into the rectangular grid of time–frequency resources within a flexible 5G new radio frame. Our solution is based on a quality-of-service-based classification of flows followed by an offline construction of two databases. The first one enumerates all possible configurations of transport blocks and the second enumerates all possible configurations of frames. Thus, the sole online processing that remains to be done is to find the optimal block configurations that satisfy a given request vector. Hence, the resolution of this complex joint mapping and packing problem is reduced to a simple resolution of a linear problem, which consists in finding the best configurations. A thorough numerical study shows that our configuration-based solution can map, within few tens of milliseconds, more than 100 flow connections to transport blocks incurring only 3% of overallocation, and then pack these blocks into the grid leading to an upper bound on the optimality gap as low as 2.8%. |
11,923 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Gabor expansion using non minimal dual Gabor windows, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Energy resolution, Signal resolution, Sufficient conditions, Application software, Biology computing, Speech processing, Object recognition, Computational complexity, Computational modeling. Abstract: In this paper, we illustrate the computational advantages of a class of non minimum norm dual Gabor frames over the traditional minimum norm dual Gabor frame. Specifically, we demonstrate that using non minimum norm dual Gabor frames can lead to Gabor expansions that can be computed far more efficiently than the traditional expansions. Several properties of the non minimum norm Gabor frame are mentioned and some necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of this class of non minimum norm dual Gabor frames. |
11,924 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast and Smooth Single-Phase DSC-Based Frequency-Locked Loop Under Adverse Grid Conditions, and key words: Frequency locked loops, Frequency estimation, Phase locked loops, Delays, Heuristic algorithms, Power harmonic filters, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: This article proposes a frequency-locked loop (FLL) with fast and smooth dynamic performance for single-phase grid-connected inverters under adverse grid conditions. Different from modeling with the orthogonal signals of the same amplitudes or modeling with the ideal single-phase signal, the proposed linear frequency estimation model is developed with the difference of signal amplitudes that are generated by cascaded delayed signal cancellation operators. Based on this model, an enhanced variable-step-size least mean square algorithm is proposed to construct the FLL, where a smooth factor and a damping factor are integrated. In addition, the convergence analysis and the parameter tuning are also given. Compared with some well-known methods, the proposed FLL can provide smoother dynamic performance with relatively fast response speed under grid conditions with small frequency deviation or different levels of phase/amplitude jump, which are verified by experiments. |
11,925 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepAutoD: Research on Distributed Machine Learning Oriented Scalable Mobile Communication Security Unpacking System, and key words: Malware, Smart phones, Java, Loading, Engines, Mobile communication, Debugging. Abstract: The rapid growth of Android smart phones and abundant applications (Apps), a new security solution for distributed computing and mobile communications, has prompted many enhanced vendors to use different methods to effectively protect important Android files on distributed systems / servers. However, it also brings some serious distributed security problems: for example, malicious applications use reinforcement methods to hide their high-risk code, and even hide in normal applications to avoid being detected by anti-virus engines. This makes it more difficult to filter or detect malware applications. In serious cases, it will greatly affect the efficiency of mobile communication and threaten the security of distributed computers. In this paper, we propose a generic and easy to deploy and extend unpacking framework called DeepAutoD (hereinafter referred to as d-ad). By eliminating the influence of reinforcement, the framework outputs the original DEX files containing malicious features, which can provide complete feature information input for distributed machine learning based on malicious code detection. The unpacking technology solution we use integrates the deep deception call chain, which can detect the mainstream applications in the application market in a short time (a large number of malicious code will be hidden in the conventional applications), and the algorithm can adapt to any high version of Android system. Data analysis and experimental results show that the program is superior to the existing main programs in terms of safety and effectiveness. |
11,926 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantized features for gesture recognition using high speed vision camera, and key words: Cameras, Hidden Markov models, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Spatial databases, Stochastic processes, Strontium, Fuzzy logic, Laboratories, Computer vision. Abstract: In addition to speech, gestures have been considered as a means of interacting with a computer as naturally as possible. Like speech, gestures can be acquired and recognized using hidden Markov models (HMMs), but there are several problems that must be overcome. We propose solutions to two of these problems: the feature extraction and the HMMs training. First, the acquisition is done by means of a high speed vision camera which allows the position of a hand to be obtained every 1 ms. This simplifies the feature extraction task and also allows low-level fusion with speech to be considered, which is a future goal. Secondly, we introduce quantized features, after carefully selecting extracted features, in order to avoid drastically increasing the size of the gesture database needed for good training of the HMMs. We finally show results that demonstrate the ability of such quantized features to significantly improve the recognition rate despite a rather small database and to allow user-independent recognition of gestures. |
11,927 | Please write an abstract with title: On innovative methods of induction motor inter-turn and broken-bar fault diagnostics, and key words: Induction motors, Circuit faults, Electric machines, Rotors, Manufacturing, Stator windings, Fault detection, Pulse width modulation, Electrical fault detection, Condition monitoring. Abstract: A fault indicator, the so called swing angle, for broken-bar and inter-turn faults is investigated in this paper. This fault indicator is based on the rotating magnetic field pendulous oscillation concept in faulty squirrel cage induction motors. Using the "swing angle indicator", it is demonstrated here that an inter-turn fault can be detected even in the presence of machine manufacturing imperfections. Meanwhile, a broken-bar fault can be detected under both direct line and PWM excitations, even under the more difficult condition of partial load levels. These two conditions of partial load and motor manufacturing imperfections, which are considered as difficult situations for fault detection, are investigated through experimentally obtained test results for a set of 2-hp and 5-hp induction motors |
11,928 | Please write an abstract with title: Target fabrication for inertial confinement fusion and fast ignition, and key words: Fabrication, Inertial confinement, Ignition, Laser fusion, Laser theory, Hydrodynamics, Laser beams, Structural beams, Smoothing methods, Optical design. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) offers the potential for high gain and is a leading candidate for an inertial fusion-energy power plant. Laser and target nonuniformities can seed hydrodynamic instabilities during the implosion that, in turn, can compromise target performance. This is the primary target physics issue for direct-drive ICF. Several methods have been devised to control these seeds and their subsequent growth, including laser beam smoothing, advanced pulse shaping, target design, etc. LLE's baseline direct-drive ignition design for the National Ignition Facility (presently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) is composed of a thin (3-/spl mu/m) plastic shell enclosing a thick (350-/spl mu/m) deuterium-tritium (DT)-ice layer. It provides a gain of 45 in spherically symmetric calculations (30 m two-dimensional simulations which include the effects of laser and target nonuniformities). Recent improvements to the ignition target design include the addition of a picket to the beginning of the laser pulse shape that reduces both the seeds and growth rate of the hydrodynamic instabilities Experiments performed on the 60-beam, 30-kJ UV OMEGA laser on warm and cryogenic targets are diagnosed using X-rays and nuclear particles. Significant improvements in warm capsule implosion target performance have been observed with improvements in beam smoothing on OMEGA. |
11,929 | Please write an abstract with title: Policy-based Fully Spiking Reservoir Computing for Multi-Agent Distributed Dynamic Spectrum Access, and key words: Wireless communication, Liquids, Simulation, Neural networks, Reinforcement learning, Reservoirs, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: In the midst of the machine learning revolution, there is hope to thrive the ever-growing demand for limited spectrum resources imposed by the growth of wireless devices with a paradigm shift to more intelligent ways to manage and share the radio spectrum. This requirement mandates very energy-efficient solutions that can tackle the rapid changes of the wireless environment. This work considers spiking neural networks, which have been shown to drastically reduce the energy consumption compared to conventional neural networks in a reinforcement learning setup designed for the dynamic spectrum sharing scenario. Moreover, the temporal aspect of the problem and the necessity of sample efficiency motivates incorporating liquid state machines into this design. However, the agents’ state- and time-variant inputs impose a burden of a posteriori hyperparameter optimization for liquid state machines, rendering the deployment of reliable models whose reservoirs operate in favorable regimes very challenging in such a setting. Therefore, we employ a homeostatic learning rule for adaptively tuning small-world reservoir connections to maintain near-chaotic behavior during operation. Simulation results prove the performance of the introduced solution compared with several existing techniques. |
11,930 | Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturized and Process-Tolerant Ku-Band Power Dividers Using GaN on SiC, and key words: Power dividers, Resistance, Semiconductor device measurement, Silicon carbide, Insertion loss, Transmission line measurements, Loss measurement. Abstract: This paper presents two types of power dividers at Ku-band using GaN MMIC technology on a SiC substrate. The first divider (PD-I) is a miniaturized Wilkinson power divider whose transmission line arms are replaced with equivalent lumped circuit elements. The divider size is reduced while preserving the performance of the original Wilkinson power divider. In the second type of divider (PD-II), an improved isolation network design is implemented along with the miniaturization technique to improve the operational bandwidth and provide tolerance against variations in sheet resistivity. PD-I has a size of 0.06 ƛ × 0.1 λ. The measured center frequency is 14.1 GHz and the measured fractional bandwidth for 0.45 dB insertion loss and 20 dB isolation and return losses is 21.2 %. PD-II has tolerance to sheet resistivity variation up to ±30 % while occupying 0.19 ƛ x 0.1 ƛ chip area. The measured center frequency is 13.8 GHz and the measured fractional bandwidth for 1.0 dB insertion loss and 15 dB isolation and return losses is 61%. The results demonstrate that using the proposed divider topology wideband and low insertion loss operation can be achieved in a compact area with additional process tolerance. |
11,931 | Please write an abstract with title: Geometry and Learning Co-Supported Normal Estimation for Unstructured Point Cloud, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Estimation, Noise measurement, Principal component analysis, Silicon, Learning systems, Neural networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a normal estimation method for unstructured point cloud. We observe that geometric estimators commonly focus more on feature preservation but are hard to tune parameters and sensitive to noise, while learning-based approaches pursue an overall normal estimation accuracy but cannot well handle challenging regions such as surface edges. This paper presents a novel normal estimation method, under the co-support of geometric estimator and deep learning. To lowering the learning difficulty, we first propose to compute a suboptimal initial normal at each point by searching for a best fitting patch. Based on the computed normal field, we design a normal-based height map network (NH-Net) to fine-tune the suboptimal normals. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the clear improvements of our results over both traditional methods and learning-based methods, in terms of estimation accuracy and feature recovery. |
11,932 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploration of Teammate Trust and Interaction Dynamics in Human-Autonomy Teaming, and key words: Automation, Task analysis, Autonomous agents, Artificial intelligence, Dynamical systems, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: This article considers human-autonomy teams (HATs) in which two human team members interact and collaborate with an autonomous teammate to achieve a common task while dealing with unexpected technological failures that were imposed either in automation or autonomy. A Wizard of Oz methodology is used to simulate the autonomous teammate. One of the critical aspects of HAT performance is the trust that develops over time as team members interact with each other in a dynamic task environment. For this reason, it is important to examine the dynamic nature of teammate trust through real-time measures of team interactions. This article examines team interaction and trust to understand better how they change under automation and autonomy failures. Thus, we address two research questions: 1) How does trust in HATs evolve over time?; and 2) How is the relationship between team interaction and trust impacted by the failures? We hypothesize that trust in HATs will decrease as autonomy failures increase. We also hypothesize that team interaction would be related to the development of trust and recovery from the failures. The results implicate three general trends: 1) team interaction dynamics are linked to the development of trust in HATs; 2) trust in the autonomous teammate is only associated with recovery from autonomy failures; 3) team interaction dynamics are related to both automation and autonomy failure recovery. |
11,933 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified Generalized Omega-K Algorithm for Low Earth Orbit High Resolution Spotlight Spaceborne SAR Focusing, and key words: Azimuth, Spaceborne radar, Low earth orbit satellites, Focusing, Geoscience and remote sensing, Apertures, Planetary orbits. Abstract: Algorithms for high resolution spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) focusing typically face challenges of curved orbit and azimuth aliasing. To conquer these difficulties, a novel algorithm, which is named as Modified Generalized Omega-K (MGOK) algorithm, is proposed in this paper for focusing low-orbit high resolution spotlight spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The proposed method modifies the Generalized Omega-K algorithm with orbital state vectors and deramping-based approach in order to accommodate the scenario of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) high resolution spaceborne SAR. Experiments are performed on point target simulation for assessing the effectiveness of the proposed method. In simulation, the range and azimuth resolution can both obtain 0.5m with scene size of 4km by 4km. |
11,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Affine Projection Algorithm for Blind Multiuser Equalisation of Downlink DS-CDMA System, and key words: Projection algorithms, Blind equalizers, Downlink, Multiaccess communication, Signal processing algorithms, Convergence, Cost function, Multiple access interference, Intersymbol interference, Dispersion. Abstract: In this paper, we derive an affine projection algorithm (APA) for blind multiuser equalisation, suitable for downlink DS-CDMA systems. Adaptation is performed by minimising a cost function based on the constant modulus (CM) criterion for all users. Computer simulations are used to assess the performance of the algorithm |
11,935 | Please write an abstract with title: Computation and Analysis of Distribution System Resilience based on Elastic Network Modeling, and key words: Potential energy, Fault tolerance, Analytical models, Visualization, Voltage measurement, Computational modeling, Distribution networks. Abstract: Increasing diversity and complexity of generation and load devices in power system, especially in distribution network have made it difficult for mechanism derivation of system characteristics like resilience. Most researches have turned to statistical analysis of simulation results or historical data. While in this paper, we are trying to build up a mechanism model of distribution network based on elastic network, considering both performance of frequency and voltage. Distribution system resilience is quantified by the change of elastic potential energy in the process of power restoration. Simulations of based on IEEE 33 bus system are conducted to verify the results. |
11,936 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Optimized Waveform for Wireless Power Transfer Systems : Simulations and Experiments, and key words: Radio frequency, Schottky diodes, Voltage measurement, Pulse measurements, Rectifiers, Wireless power transfer, Gain measurement. Abstract: This paper focuses on the power optimization waveform, applied to the improvement of the efficiency and/or the maximum supply distance of far-field wireless power transfer systems. The emphasis is given to RF pulse modulation signal and multisine waveforms. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a RF-to-dc conversion circuits is strongly impacted by the threshold voltage of Schottky diodes at low RF power levels, and one of the objectives is to improve the efficiency under these conditions. An ultra-wide band rectifier, operating from 1.6 to 2.8 GHz, is used in this work. Significant improvement of the efficiency, compared to a CW signal, has been shown especially when the power level is small and the output load is large. Also, this work allowed evaluating the important parameters of the waveforms to be optimized. |
11,937 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptation and Learning Over Networks Under Subspace Constraints—Part II: Performance Analysis, and key words: Subspace constraints, Stability analysis, Steady-state, Covariance matrices, Optimization, Signal processing algorithms, Network topology. Abstract: Part I of this paper considered optimization problems over networks where agents have individual objectives to meet, or individual parameter vectors to estimate, subject to subspace constraints that require the objectives across the network to lie in low-dimensional subspaces. Starting from the centralized projected gradient descent, an iterative and distributed solution was proposed that responds to streaming data and employs stochastic approximations in place of actual gradient vectors, which are generally unavailable. We examined the second-order stability of the learning algorithm and we showed that, for small step-sizes μ, the proposed strategy leads to small estimation errors on the order of μ. This Part II examines steady-state performance. The results reveal explicitly the influence of the gradient noise, data characteristics, and subspace constraints, on the network performance. The results also show that in the small step-size regime, the iterates generated by the distributed algorithm achieve the centralized steady-state performance. |
11,938 | Please write an abstract with title: A Transferable Capsule Network for Decoupling Compound Fault of Machinery, and key words: Representation learning, Employee welfare, Training, Adaptation models, Transfer learning, Compounds, Instrumentation and measurement. Abstract: As advanced measurement technologies and new generation industry intelligence develops rapidly, the methods based on machine learning, especially on deep learning, have made phenomenal achievements and applications. However, few researches focus on the task of decoupling compound faults under different speeds and loads conditions. To address such a problem, a novel deep transfer learning method called transferable capsule network (TCN) is proposed for decoupling compound fault of machinery under various working conditions. First, a capsule network (CN), consisted of 3 parts: feature learning model, capsule layers and decoupling classifier, are constructed for learning the transferable representations from raw signals and make further diagnosis for the single and compound faults. Second, the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) are introduced into the final layer of feature learning model and capsule layers during the training process, which can adapt the distribution of the learned representations from the source domain samples with labels to the target domain samples without labels. Finally, after the above 2 stages finished, the TCN model can be used to diagnosis and decoupling the compound fault for machinery operating at different working conditions. The experimental results based on an automobile transmission (AT) dataset demonstrate that the TCN achieves a superior diagnosis performance with the average accuracy of 99.37%, which outperforms that of the deep decoupling convolutional neural network (DDCNN). |
11,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Reviewers, and key words: IEEE. Abstract: The publication offers a note of thanks and lists its reviewers. |
11,940 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous sparse approximation via greedy pursuit, and key words: Dictionaries, Sparse matrices, Matching pursuit algorithms, Optimized production technology, Mathematics, Vectors, Signal analysis, Pursuit algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Approximation error. Abstract: A simple sparse approximation problem requests an approximation of a given input signal as a linear combination of T elementary signals drawn from a large, linearly dependent collection. An important generalization is simultaneous sparse approximation. Now one must approximate several input signals at once using different linear combinations of the same T elementary signals. This formulation appears, for example, when analyzing multiple observations of a sparse signal that have been contaminated with noise. A new approach to this problem is presented here: a greedy pursuit algorithm called simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit. The paper proves that the algorithm calculates simultaneous approximations whose error is within a constant factor of the optimal simultaneous approximation error. This result requires that the collection of elementary signals be weakly correlated, a property that is also known as incoherence. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm often succeeds, even when the inputs do not meet the hypotheses of the proof. |
11,941 | Please write an abstract with title: A sliding mode strategy for adaptive learning in multilayer feedforward neural networks with a scalar output, and key words: Multi-layer neural network, Intelligent networks, Neural networks, Feedforward neural networks, Neurons, Sliding mode control, Variable structure systems, Manipulator dynamics, Robust control, Robust stability. Abstract: The features of a novel robust adaptive learning algorithm in analog multilayer feed forward networks are presented. It implements sliding mode control strategy. The zero level set of the learning error is considered as a sliding surface in the space of neural network learning parameters. A sliding mode trajectory can be brought on and reached in finite time on such a sliding manifold. The algorithm is applied to on-line learning of a non-monotonic function and manipulator forward dynamics identification. The learning neural structures come into some of the advantages of variable structure systems, such as high speed of learning and robustness. |
11,942 | Please write an abstract with title: Service-oriented integration of networked robots with ubiquitous sensors and devices using the semantic Web services technology, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Semantic Web, Robotics and automation, Robot vision systems, Ubiquitous computing, Web services, Sensor systems, Ontologies, Registers, Automatic control. Abstract: In recent years, motivated by the emergence of ubiquitous computing technology, a new class of networked robots - ubiquitous robots - has been introduced. The URC (ubiquitous robotic companion) is our conceptual vision of ubiquitous robot which provides us with the services we need, anytime and anywhere. To realize the vision of URC, it is one of the most important requirements for the robotic systems to support seamlessness of services even though service environments changes. Specifically, it is needed for robotic systems to be interoperable with the sensors and devices in current service environments automatically, rather than statically preprogrammed for them. In this paper, we present SURF (service-oriented ubiquitous robotic framework) which enables automated integration of networked robots into ubiquitous computing environments based on the semantic Web services technology. In SURF approach, we implement interfaces for robots, networked sensors and devices as Web services. And we describe knowledge about them in OWL-S the semantic Web services ontology and register the knowledge to KB, so that a SURF agent can automatically discover required knowledge and compose a feasible service plan for the service environments. And then the agent controls robots, sensors and devices through SOAP the Web services execution protocol according to the service plan. |
11,943 | Please write an abstract with title: Security of GNSS-Based Synchronization Systems : Monitoring the quality of navigation systems, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Navigation, Receivers, Telecommunications, Critical infrastructure, Synchronization, Security. Abstract: The article discusses the factors that affect the quality of the navigation field, shows the vulnerabilities of navigation receivers. Special attention is paid to deliberate dmimink attacks and spoofing. The classification of GNSS spoofing is given. The methods for ensuring the security of synchronization systems based on GNSS receivers are described, a comparative analysis of different protection methods, their disadvantages and advantages is carried out. The quality monitoring of navigation systems is considered in detail as a means of protecting critical infrastructure and effective protection against jamming and spoofing of GNNS signals. The criteria for assessing the quality of the navigation signal for determining anomalies and substitution of the GNSS signal are given. The possibility of a monitoring system for finding the optimal location of the GNSS antenna is described. |
11,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the response of a time delay neural network with an analytic model, and key words: Delay effects, Neural networks, Kernel, Nonlinear systems, Equations, Probes, Delay systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Q measurement, Zinc. Abstract: Time-delayed neural networks (TDNNs) can be used to learn the dynamics of an unknown system from input-output data. In many cases a model of the system is also available in the form of a system of ODES, derived either from first principles or using heuristic arguments. In such cases a functional comparison can be made between the dynamic behaviour of the model with that of the trained TDNN for arbitrary inputs. We show that Volterra kernels for both the model system and the TDNN can be obtained, and thus the system responses compared, in a manner that is independent of the input. The techniques of structural bilinearisation of ODES and Volterra series expansion of a TDNN, are demonstrated by application to the Hodgkin-Huxley set of equations. |
11,945 | Please write an abstract with title: Attribute-based quality assessment for demographic estimation in face videos, and key words: Face recognition, Biological system modeling, Video sequences, Pipelines, Estimation, Predictive models, Quality assessment. Abstract: Most existing works regarding facial demographic estimation are focused on still image datasets, although nowadays the need to analyze video content in real applications is increasing. We propose to tackle gender, age and ethnicity estimation in the context of video scenarios. Our main contribution is to use an attribute-specific quality assessment procedure to select most relevant frames from a video sequence for each of the three demographic modalities. Selected frames are classified with fine-tuned MobileNet models and a final video prediction is obtained with a majority voting strategy. Our validation on three different datasets and our comparison with state-of-the-art models, show the effectiveness of the proposed demographic classifiers and the quality pipeline, which allows to reduce both: the number of frames to be classified and the processing time in practical applications; and improves the soft biometrics prediction accuracy. |
11,946 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on the magnetic flux leakage distribution in the transformer under different winding deformation and typical working condition, and key words: Windings, Magnetic flux leakage, Strain, Magnetic cores, Coils, Power transformer insulation, Deformable models. Abstract: The transformer partial winding deformation, as the precursor of the inter-turn insulation breakdown and total winding mechanic instability, often induces the change of magnetic flux leakage distribution. And monitoring online the magnetic flux leakage characters and diagnosing the transformer partial winding deformation is the novel and good method to prevent the transformer faults in advance, which can make up for the shortcomings of the existing methods. Thus, it is key to explore the magnetic flux leakage distribution law under different winding deformation and working conditions. In the paper, the 35kV power transformer was selected as the research object and its simulation model with different partial radial and axial winding deformation was built. The equivalent method of abnormal operating conditions including DC (Direct current) bias and external short-circuit was determined. Consequently, the change law of magnetic flux leakage characteristics in the transformer was analyzed under the different conditions. The results show the magnetic flux leakage under different winding deformation has a different distribution characteristic, and the information can be used to identify the severity degree and location of the defects. And the character of winding deformation can be distinguished from the disturbances by the feature identification. |
11,947 | Please write an abstract with title: Gaussian process modelling for improved resolution in Faraday depth reconstruction, and key words: methods: statistical, techniques: polarimetric, radio continuum: general. Abstract: The incomplete sampling of data in complex polarization measurements from radio telescopes negatively affects both the rotation measure (RM) transfer function and the Faraday depth spectra derived from these data. Such gaps in polarization data are mostly caused by flagging of radio frequency interference and their effects worsen as the percentage of missing data increases. In this paper we present a novel method for inferring missing polarization data based on Gaussian processes (GPs). GPs are stochastic processes that enable us to encode prior knowledge in our models. They also provide a comprehensive way of incorporating and quantifying uncertainties in regression modelling. In addition to providing non-parametric model estimates for missing values, we also demonstrate that GP modelling can be used for recovering rotation measure values directly from complex polarization data, and that inferring missing polarization data using this probabilistic method improves the resolution of reconstructed Faraday depth spectra. |
11,948 | Please write an abstract with title: Momentum Observer-Based Collision Detection Using LSTM for Model Uncertainty Learning, and key words: Torque, Uncertainty, Friction, Observers, Robot sensing systems, Sensors, System identification. Abstract: As robots begin to collaborate with people in real life, safety needs to be rigorously ensured to reliably employ robots nearby. In addition to collision prevention algorithms, studies are being actively conducted on collision handling methods. Momentum Observer (MOB) was developed to estimate disturbance torque without using joint acceleration. However, the estimated disturbance from MOB contains not only the applied external torque but also model uncertainty such as friction and modeling error due to imprecise system identification. Our proposed method handles this problem by learning the model uncertainty with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and thereby estimates the purely applied external torque with only proprioceptive sensors. The proposed method can be applied even when the information on the robot model is not available. The experiments using a real robot show that the external torque can be estimated and collisions can be detected accordingly even in a limited situation where a precise dynamics model and friction model are not available. |
11,949 | Please write an abstract with title: Divergence-based Bit Allocation for Indoor Environment Classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Vector quantization, System performance, Simulation, Bit rate, Machine learning, Performance gain. Abstract: Machine learning is rapidly gaining attention for enabling cognitive functionalities in future networks. Machine learning units (MLU) extract the hidden knowledge in data to perform tasks, and their input attributes have various levels of relevancy for MLU outcome. Recently, a novel quantization bit allocation was introduced in which Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is used to consider this relevancy. It has been shown that KLD bit allocation achieves high performance gains when applied to the cart inverted pendulum problem. In this paper, we further evaluate and provide insights into advantages of employing this approach instead of its conventional alternatives, a method using sum of squared errors (SSE) and equal sharing, for indoor environment classification with real measurements. This study covers both scalar and vector quantization, and different hypotheses: neural network, decision tree, 1-nearest neighbor and support vector machine. Furthermore, MLU performance and its robustness to packet drop with selected bit allocations of KLD and SSE is evaluated. Simulations show that classification accuracy achieved by the KLD approach is significantly higher or in a few particular cases similar to the conventional methods, and it does not affect robustness of the MLU regarding packet loss. |
11,950 | Please write an abstract with title: Losses in silicon-iron, and key words: Frequency, Loss measurement, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic hysteresis, Magnetic materials, Power measurement, Materials science and technology, Shape, Crystallization, Iron. Abstract: Measurements of total power loss and domain-wall spacing have been made on individual grains in polycrystalline specimens of commercial grain-oriented 3% silicon-iron material. The loss-per-cycle against frequency characteristic of a grain is found to consist of discrete linear portions, which correspond to different domain-wall spacings. These changes in domain pattern result in a lower value of static hysteresis loss than expected and, therefore, a larger proportion of the total power loss must be attributed to the anomalous loss. From domain observations, it is concluded that a part of the anomalous loss is due to nonuniform flux distribution in the material and the overloading of the well-oriented grains. |
11,951 | Please write an abstract with title: A remark on nonlinear observability, and key words: Observability, Algebra, Control systems, Sufficient conditions, Chromium, Nonlinear control systems, Joining processes, Kernel, Design for quality, Ground penetrating radar. Abstract: The observability of a nonlinear system is related to a Lie subalgebra of the control Lie algebra. |
11,952 | Please write an abstract with title: PERF-Net: Pose Empowered RGB-Flow Net, and key words: Computer vision, Computational modeling, Streaming media, Rendering (computer graphics), Kinetic theory, Standards. Abstract: In recent years, many works in the video action recognition literature have shown that two stream models (combining spatial and temporal input streams) are necessary for achieving state-of-the-art performance. In this paper we show the benefits of including yet another stream based on human pose estimated from each frame — specifically by rendering pose on input RGB frames. At first blush, this additional stream may seem redundant given that human pose is fully determined by RGB pixel values — however we show (perhaps surprisingly) that this simple and flexible addition can provide complementary gains. Using this insight, we propose a new model, which we dub PERF-Net (short for Pose Empowered RGB-Flow Net), which combines this new pose stream with the standard RGB and flow based input streams via distillation techniques and show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large margin in a number of human action recognition datasets while not requiring flow or pose to be explicitly computed at inference time. The proposed pose stream is also part of the winner solution of the ActivityNet Kinetics Challenge 2020 [1]. |
11,953 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved NRW procedure for Dielectric Characterization for solids and Uncertainty Estimation, and key words: Dielectric Property Extraction, NRW method, Two-port Transmission-Reflection method, Uncertainty budget. Abstract: We present a modified approach for extraction of dielectric properties of low-loss dielectric materials using two port T/R measurement. The procedure utilizes NRW method, but without the need for shifting the reference planes. This is done by employing full two-port (TOSM) calibration at the waveguide ports and specially designed sample holders along with precisely machined MUT samples. This approach enables repeatable and precise placement of MUTs in sample holder, during repetitive measurements and reduces the errors due to improper placing of MUT in the sample holder/guide. This also makes the uncertainty evaluation less complex compared to the traditional NRW approach. Sample holders of different lengths have been fabricated for WR90 waveguide (X-band; 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz). Experimental measurements are carried out for multiple samples of two of most commonly used low-loss dielectric materials in RF & microwave domain i.e. Poly-Tetra-Fluro-Ethylene (PTFE or Teflon) and Poly-Propylene (PP). Different lengths of same materials are used and the results are compared with traditional NRW method as well. Combined uncertainty budgets for the proposed procedure have been presented, using the experimentally obtained sensitivity coefficients for the modified dielectric property extraction procedure along with other system uncertainty contributors. |
11,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Compensation of Discontinuities in Planar Trainsmission Lines, and key words: Reflection, Impedance, Microstrip, Planar waveguides, Frequency, Dielectric constant, Waveguide transitions, Stripline, Couplers. Abstract: Compensation of discontinuity reactances associated with steps, right-angled bends, and T-junctions in planar transmission lines has been carried out by removing appropriate triangular portions from the discontinuity configurations. Two-dimensional analysis using Green's functions approach has been employed. |
11,955 | Please write an abstract with title: PivotRepair: Fast Pipelined Repair for Erasure-Coded Hot Storage, and key words: Adaptive scheduling, Redundancy, Fault tolerant systems, Prototypes, Bandwidth, Maintenance engineering, Downlink. Abstract: Erasure coding is commonly used as a storage-efficient redundancy method for fault tolerance in cold storage. Recent studies have begun to explore the use of erasure coding in hot storage, which requires fast online recovery to preserve read performance. However, existing erasure-coded repair strategies cannot effectively handle frequent and rapidly-changing network congestions in hot storage clusters. In this paper, we present the notion of pivots, which refer to the storage nodes with sufficient available downlink and uplink bandwidths in a congested hot storage network. We propose PivotRepair, a pivot-based pipelined single-chunk repair technique that leverages pivots for enabling the fast construction of a pipelined repair tree that bypasses congested links. We further propose an adaptive scheduling strategy to improve full-node repair performance. We prototype PivotRepair and show that the repair time of a single-chunk repair and a full-node repair can be reduced by up to 71.27% and 16.50%, respectively, over state-of-the-art repair schemes. |
11,956 | Please write an abstract with title: Experience with Kicker Beam Coupling Reduction Techniques, and key words: Optical coupling, Structural beams, Heating, Ceramics, Temperature sensors, Large Hadron Collider, Ferrites, Magnets, Impedance measurement, Cooling. Abstract: SPS beam impedance is still one of the worries for operation with nominal LHC beam over longer periods, once the final configuration will be installed in 2006. Several CERN SPS kickers suffer from significant beam induced ferrite heating. In specific cases, for instance beam scrubbing, the temperature of certain ferrite yokes went beyond the Curie point. Several retrofit impedance reduction techniques have been investigated theoretically and with practical tests. We report on experience gained during the 2004 SPS operation with resistively coated ceramic inserts in terms of kicker heating, pulse rise time, operating voltage, and vacuum behaviour. For another technique using interleaved metallic stripes we observed significant improvements in bench measurements. Advantages and drawbacks of both methods and potential combinations of them are discussed and simulation as well as measured data are shown. Prospects for further improvements beyond 2006 are briefly outlined. |
11,957 | Please write an abstract with title: Event-Triggered Robust Fuzzy Adaptive Finite-Time Control of Nonlinear Systems With Prescribed Performance, and key words: Robustness, Closed loop systems, Estimation, Adaptive systems, Computational complexity. Abstract: In this article, an event-triggered robust fuzzy adaptive prescribed performance finite-time control strategy is presented for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with external disturbances. The relative-threshold-based event-triggered signal is introduced to reduce communication burden, and the dynamic surface control technique is applied to address the computational complexity problem. A disturbance observer is designed to estimate the compounded disturbances, which are composed of external disturbances and fuzzy approximation errors. The proposed control strategy can guarantee that the closed-loop system is semiglobally practically finite-time stable, and the tracking error converges to a small residual set by incorporating the prescribed performance bound in finite-time. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust fuzzy control strategy. |
11,958 | Please write an abstract with title: Long wavelength waveguide multiple quantum well optical modulators, and key words: Optical waveguides, Optical modulation, Wavelength measurement, Quantum well devices, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Solid lasers, Geometrical optics, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Low voltage, Optical propagation. Abstract: The first measurements of large anisotropic modulation of long-wavelength light with a large on/off ratio and low driving voltage propagating along the plane of InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are reported. Photocurrent response and optical modulation of waveguide pin diodes is measured for incident light polarization parallel and perpendicular to the MQW layers emitting from a color center laser. The incident-light power and wavelength dependence of on/off ratio are also determined. |
11,959 | Please write an abstract with title: Photovoltaic Models Parameters Estimation Based on Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Parameter estimation, Photovoltaic cells, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Power system dynamics. Abstract: Recently, renewable energy resources have been widely penetrated because of their technical advantages and environmental benefits. So, modeling and simulation of this resource are very important. Obtaining accurate photovoltaic (PV) solar cell's parameters is very significant to monitor maximum power point, performance assessment, regulation, efficiency measurements, and diagnose problems. In this paper, three photovoltaic parameters estimation models are considered. These three models, single-diode, two-diode, and triple-diode models, are presented in this work to investigate the effect of the model on precision. In this, work the Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) algorithm is employed for the PV three models' parameters estimation. Real experimental data of a 55 mm diameter commercial Radiotechnique-Coprim (RTC France) solar cell was used for the EHO implementation. The suggested algorithm was assessed compared with several recent optimizers like the crow search algorithm, spotted hyena optimization, moth flame optimization, grasshopper optimization algorithm, and Harris hawk's optimization. The results revealed that the estimated I-V and P-V curves are very close to the experimental data at very low error. Also, the results demonstrate different models' effects in fitting the curves and proved the efficiency of the suggested EHO algorithm over other algorithms. |
11,960 | Please write an abstract with title: COMPASS - a novel concept of a reconfigurable platform for automotive system development and test, and key words: Automotive engineering, System testing, Prototypes, Hardware, Design engineering, Field programmable gate arrays, Automotive applications, Communication channels, Programmable logic devices, Cost function. Abstract: In this paper we present a new concept of a configurable modular rapid prototyping system called COMPASS (configurable modular platform for automotive systems). Our ambition is to support the design engineer in all phases of the rapid prototyping (RP) process, including the concept-oriented, the architecture-oriented and the realization-oriented RP. Therefore we provide one unique and flexible development platform that covers all phases. The overall performance and flexibility is reached by the special system structure and the intensive use of FPGAs in combination with a high performance processor. This offers the potential to implement automotive applications with highly specialized peripherals, fast interfaces and communication channels to cope with today's requirements. Moreover programmable logic devices allow hardware reuse to a very high degree in contrast to existing commercial products. The proposed platform saves costs since the versatile configurable interface cards can be used for different purposes and so feature benefits over function specific hardware modules. As a special bonus the flexible and adaptive structure of the platform associated with the reconfigurability of the modules is not only restricted to RP, but also permits the usage as a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test system. |
11,961 | Please write an abstract with title: Effectiveness of Landmark and Continuous Registrations in Reducing Inter- and Intrasubject Phase Variability, and key words: Data analysis, Kinematics, Root mean square, Extremities. Abstract: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of applying landmark and continuous registrations in functional data analysis in reducing inter- and intrasubject phase variability of kinematic data, particularly lower extremity joint angles during the American kettlebell swing (AKS). Twenty healthy male subjects volunteered to perform the AKS test. Three different registration approaches; landmark registration, continuous registration used as an additional method to landmark registration, and continuous registration used as an alternative method to landmark registration were applied, and their effectiveness in aligning the curves was analyzed using functional permutation t-tests. All registration methods showed an improved mean curve than that of the method without registration. The root mean square error (RMSE) values between the mean unregistered curves and the individual unregistered curves were significantly higher than those of the landmark-registered curves (p <; 0.001) and the continuously registered curves (p <; 0.001). Continuous registration (as additional method) is the best registration method than landmark and continuous registrations (as alternative method), as it produced the highest mean percent decrease in the RMSE difference between the unregistered and continuously registered (as additional method) curves. Continuous registration (as additional method) appears to be the best method in reducing inter- and intrasubject phase variability than landmark and continuous registrations (as alternative method). Thus, it is recommended to implement continuous registration as an additional method to landmark registration prior to any AKS analysis. Both landmark and continuous registrations (as additional and alternative methods) enhance the likelihood of identifying significant differences between the right and left joint angles. |
11,962 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence for Edge Computing Security: A Survey, and key words: Measurement, Cloud computing, Privacy, Systematics, Bibliographies, Market research, Security. Abstract: Edge computing is a prospective notion for expanding the potential of cloud computing. It is vital to maintaining a decent atmosphere free of all forms of security and breaches in order to continue utilizing computer services. The security concerns surrounding the edge computing environment has been impeded as a result of the security issues that surround the area. Many researchers have looked into edge computing security issues, however, not all have thoroughly studied the needs. Security requirements are the goals that specify the capabilities and operations that a process that is carried out by a system in order to eliminate various security flaws. The purpose of this study is to give a complete overview of the many different artificial intelligence technologies that are now being utilized for edge computing security with the intention of aiding research in the future in locating research potential. This article analyzed the most recent research and shed light on the following topics: state-of-the-art techniques used to combat security threats, technological trends used by the method, metrics utilize to assess the techniques' ability, and opportunities of research for future researchers in the area of artificial intelligence for edge computing security. |
11,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast two-dimensional tuple-space based packet classification algorithm, and key words: Classification algorithms, Matched filters, Information filtering, Information filters, IP networks, Web and internet services, Quality of service, Virtual private networks, Data structures, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Packet classification is an important component of new Internet routers to support various services such as quality of service guarantee and virtual private network. Basically, packet classification can be considered as a process looking for the best matching filter in a filter set for several fields selected from packet header. Various data structures and search algorithms have been proposed for such multi-field packet classification. In particular, the nested binary tuple space search algorithm was designed for two-field conflict free filter sets. The time complexity of the nested binary search algorithm is ([log(W + 1)])/sup 2/, where W is the length of the fields. To ensure that the filter set is conflict free, the authors assumed that conflicts are resolved by adding resolution filters. In this paper, we propose a novel search algorithm which can find the best matching filter in 2[log(W + 1)] probes. Although more resolution filters are added, empirical results for random filter sets show that our scheme requires less memory than the nested binary search algorithm because no primary markers (and the secondary markers of primary markers) are needed. |
11,964 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear HVDC link model reduction in multi AC-HVDC power system state estimation, and key words: HVDC transmission, Reduced order systems, Power system modeling, State estimation, Pollution measurement, Equations, Rectifiers, Inverters, Jacobian matrices, Approximation error. Abstract: Attempting to reduce the order of the HVDC link subspace in a multi AC-HVDC state estimator from 11 states to 4 increases the complexity and nonlinearity of the HVDC link measurement equations, decreases the HVDC link estimate accuracy, and increases the density of nonzero HVDC link Jacobian partial derivative terms. |
11,965 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on High School Education, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Distance learning, Education, Stability analysis, Hybrid learning, Informatics. Abstract: The Corona virus pandemic has fundamentally attacked our society and once the epidemic subsides, nothing will be the same as before. One of the subsystems of our society where change has occurred most rapidly is education. For it, the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic could mark the beginning of a new era. One of society’s most slowly changing subsystems, one of the main tools for long-term preservation of stability and values, has adapted to the new circumstances with hitherto unimaginable speed. Schools and universities have moved overnight to use online teaching means. This has generated a number of new problems and shed new light on a number of old ones. This paper aims to outline and briefly analyze these current issues in education. It is composed mainly of three parts. The first one presents the results of a survey made just days before the quarantine was introduced. The second part presents some of the experiences we have gained in more than a year of online and blended learning, as well as some of the challenges education has to face in the near future. Finally, I will outline some conclusions that can be drawn for the future based on what has been presented above. |
11,966 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Business Intelligence Efficiency in Organizations Among Employees in Penang, Malaysia, and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Conferences, Decision making, Companies, Media, Stability analysis. Abstract: Marketing is an activity that advertising, selling, and delivering products to customers. Due to the advance of technology, marketing is starting to shift to digitalize which is digital marketing. Online marketing is a combination of marketing with the internet, digital media, and IoT. There is a lot of organization (SME) starting to do online marketing on different marketing to boost their sales. The adoption of business intelligence systems in online marketing has become one of the most important technological and organizational innovations in modern organizations, and it promotes knowledge dissemination and the cornerstone of business decision-making processes. Business intelligence is widely used in many sectors of the industry to smoothen the operation process. Besides that, business intelligence can identify new opportunities and implementing effective and feasible strategies based on data insights can provide competitive market advantages and long-term stability for companies to flourish. Business intelligence enables to predict based on the data used to help decision-makers to make a profitable business decision. This project will be analyzed and discuss the data collected from one hundred and eighty-one (181) respondents about the awareness and impact of using business intelligence in online marketing for in Penang. Lastly, this project will also discuss the framework of applying business intelligence in marketing based on the project objective to enhance employee (marketer) decision making. |
11,967 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic magnetic compensation system for SERF atomic comagnetometer, and key words: Atomic measurements, Analytical models, Magnetic field measurement, Automation, Manuals, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic fields. Abstract: To realize the SERF (spin exchange relaxation free) state of the atomic comagnetometer for inertial measurement, this paper proposes an efficient automatic magnetic compensation system based on the analysis of the dynamic model of the SERF atomic comagnetometer, such that the essential and necessary condition of low environmental magnetic field is satisfied. This system first makes a fast but rough compensation to reduce the impact of environmental magnetic field to a very low level, then accurately but slowly compensates the residual magnetic field. The rough compensation is made under low power detection light to achieve high efficiency, while the accurate one is made under high power detection light to achieve high accuracy, which are both automatically performed. This is definitely an advantage over the most existing magnetic compensation systems for the SERF atomic comagnetometer, which rely only on manual adjustments with low accuracy and poor repeatability. The simulation illustrates the good efficiency, accuracy and repeatability of the proposed automatic magnetic compensation system. |
11,968 | Please write an abstract with title: The Compound ILC based on Swing Compensation for an On-board Manipulator, and key words: Analytical models, Trajectory tracking, Simulation, Robot kinematics, Process control, Manipulators, Compounds. Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low-precision assembly by an on-board manipulator, this paper put forward a new iterative learning controller with swing compensation to keep high-precision motion for the base joints. By analyzing the velocity relationship of the coordinate transformation, we get the swing disturbance compensation model to manipulator. Further, combined with feedforward compensation method, the compound iterative learning controller (ILC) is used to improve the trajectory tracking performance of the base joints. The simulation results indicate that the new modified compound controller has better control performance than traditional iterative learning controller in terms of trajectory tracking accuracy when under the onboard swing environment. |
11,969 | Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturized 2.4 GHz Antenna Design for UAV communication link, and key words: Antennas, Satellite antennas, Microstrip antennas, Conferences, Microstrip, Broadband antennas, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: In many communications applications, unlike conventional antennas, lightweight, flexible, small antennas that can adapt to mechanical and industrial constraints are required. In this study, the results of antenna design operating at 2.4 GHz are presented for use in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) tele command links. In the parametric and optimization studies carried out on the antenna, it is aimed to increase the gain while keeping the size as small as possible. The requirements of the industry, such as light, aesthetics, miniature and high gain aspects of the antenna were targeted in the design process. Finally, an antenna of 55.2x88 mm size and 7dB gain was achieved using commercial electromagnetic design tools. The designed antenna become satisfying industrial requirements with these features. |
11,970 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Multi-UAV Area Coverage Method, and key words: Mechatronics, Path planning, Robustness, Planning, Resource management, Task analysis, Collision avoidance. Abstract: With the development of society, the advancement of UAV technology and the gradual opening of the low-altitude field, UAV area coverage technology has become a research topic of great practical significance. This paper studies the area cooperative coverage method under multi-UAV, solves the problem of long time and low efficiency under single UAV, proposes an area coverage path planning algorithm based on STC, and uses DARP algorithm for multi-robot tasks allocation, a UAV local obstacle avoidance algorithm is proposed to take the optimal candidate sector, so that the UAV can achieve autonomous coverage of the mission area. Finally, experiments show that the multi-UAV area coverage method can complete the area coverage task more efficiently and smoothly. |
11,971 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of neural networks to discriminate between control leaves of wheat or those deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium using spectral data, and key words: Neural networks, Nitrogen, Calcium, Production systems, Space missions, Multilayer perceptrons, Multi-layer neural network, Backpropagation algorithms, Hyperspectral imaging, Reflectivity. Abstract: Rapid identification of deficiencies in major elements using spectral characteristics would be a useful tool in precision farming and in other nutrient intensive agricultural production systems such as those proposed for long term space missions. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network and backpropagation algorithm was used to discriminate between control leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and those deficient in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) using hyperspectral data. The network consisted of three layers (input, hidden, and output) with spectral reflectance of the leaves in wavelengths 401 nm to 770 nm as the input layer and the quantified nutrient concentrations of each element as the output layer. Based upon the values of actual nutrient concentrations (ppm), plants were classified as either deficient or normal. Wheat plants were grown for /spl sim/100 d under both hydroponic conditions in the greenhouse and semi-hydroponic conditions in a growth chamber using Hoagland's complete nutrient solution with selected elements removed to induce specific nutrient deficiencies. Control plants received complete nutrient solutions. The MLP model was trained and tested successfully within 1000 epochs as the MSE of the sample training curve approached zero. The back propagation algorithm performed well with the following accuracies for the classification model: N 90.9%, P 100%, K 90%, and Ca 100%. Using the regression model, the following accuracies were obtained: N 93.0%, P 87.2%, K 91.9%, and Ca 97.4%. This affirms the potential of using spectral data coupled with either a classification or regression neural network models to identify quickly leaves deficient in these four major elements so that remedial applications of those nutrients can be made before the crop is substantially impacted. |
11,972 | Please write an abstract with title: An Anti-interference Algorithm of Material Identification Based on X-ray, and key words: Image edge detection, Gray-scale, Interference, X-ray imaging, Object recognition, Security, Inspection. Abstract: To prevent the influence of interference which reduces the accuracy of material identification, a novel material identification algorithm combining dual-energy X-ray and image processing is proposed. Firstly, the low-energy image is used to discriminate the target part and the background part that includes two parts: Canny edge detection and edge-based image binarization. Secondly, fuse the information of the low-energy image and the high-energy image to judging the kind of substance. According to the character of X-ray, interference mainly affects the value of background region points in the high-energy image. Thus, most of the mistaken identifications occur in this part. Combined with the division result, the proposed algorithm sets the background region without object and only calculates the R-value of the target part by which the algorithm could reduce the influence of interference compared with the existing ones. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective. |
11,973 | Please write an abstract with title: When Federated Learning Meets Blockchain: A New Distributed Learning Paradigm, and key words: Training data, Privacy, Computational modeling, Watermarking, Collaborative work, Data models, Blockchains. Abstract: Motivated by the increasingly powerful computing capabilities of end-user equipment, and by the growing privacy concerns over sharing sensitive raw data, a distributed machine learning paradigm known as federated learning (FL) has emerged. By training models locally at each client and aggregating learning models at a central server, FL has the capability to avoid sharing data directly, thereby reducing privacy leakage. However, the conventional FL framework relies heavily on a single central server, and it may fail if such a server behaves maliciously. To address this single point of failure, in this work, a blockchain-assisted decentralized FL framework is investigated, which can prevent malicious clients from poisoning the learning process, and thus provides a self-motivated and reliable learning environment for clients. In this framework, the model aggregation process is fully decentralized and the tasks of training for FL and mining for blockchain are integrated into each participant. Privacy and resource-allocation issues are further investigated in the proposed framework, and a critical and unique issue inherent in the proposed framework is disclosed. In particular, a lazy client can simply duplicate models shared by other clients to reap benefits without contributing its resources to FL. To address these issues, analytical and experimental results are provided to shed light on possible solutions, i.e., adding noise to achieve local differential privacy and using pseudo-noise (PN) sequences as watermarks to detect lazy clients. |
11,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of Spline Curves and Chebyshev Polynomials for Managing Keys in MANETs, and key words: Spline Curves, Chebyshev polynomials, Interpolation, Secret sharing, Key management. Abstract: The dynamic and unstable nature of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) does not support the existence of a centralized key server to govern keys. There exist two hierarchical key management techniques which are based on Polynomial Interpolation methods i.e. Lagrange's Polynomial interpolation and Curve fitting method. Both these techniques require high computational costs for higher-order polynomials as well as they suffer from Runge's problem. So, other polynomial interpolation methods were tried. In this work, key management is implemented using Spline Curves and Chebyshev Polynomials interpolation method and simulated in various settings. The key shares by Security Association Members (SAMs) are generated, distributed and secret key is built using any of the two polynomial interpolation methods. It is analyzed from the simulation results that the power and memory consumption in MANETs is decreased by using these methods. Spline Curves and Chebyshev polynomials both are more accurate, secure and stable as they not only provide security but they also impose no restriction to the order of the Polynomial. Hence, the key management schemes using these methods provide better cryptography. The results of their comparison have been analysed on various parameters. The significant property of Chebyshev polynomials is its recursive nature which outperforms it over Spline Curves. |
11,975 | Please write an abstract with title: A new voltage-modulated AMOLED pixel design compensating for threshold voltage variation in poly-Si TFTs, and key words: Threshold voltage, Active matrix organic light emitting diodes, Organic light emitting diodes, Thin film transistors, Circuits, Flat panel displays, Electric variables, Modulation coding, Capacitors, Switches. Abstract: A new voltage-modulated active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel design, which successfully compensates for the threshold voltage variations in poly-Si thin-film transitors (TFTs), is proposed, and verified by SPICE simulation and experiments. In order to compensate for variations in OLED current, the proposed pixel design employs a new voltage modulation scheme using diode connections. |
11,976 | Please write an abstract with title: A broadband high power millimeter to centimeter spectrometer, and key words: Electric fields, Electric breakdown, Wavelength measurement, Microwave filters, Electric variables measurement, Interference, Microwave measurement. Abstract: A simple spectrometer is described for measuring directly both a high electric field (0.1 – 100 kV/cm) and wavelength over a broadband (0.1 – 10 cm). The combination of interference and gas breakdown are utilized in measuring the electric field and wavelength. Electron diffusion and the characteristic breakdown relation limit resolution of submillimeter wavelengths by requiring very high electric field (> 100 kV/cm). |
11,977 | Please write an abstract with title: Register Minimization beyond Sharing among Variables, and key words: Registers, High level synthesis, Hardware design languages, Communication system control, Minimization, Network synthesis, Circuit synthesis, Control systems, Computer science, Digital signal processing. Abstract: Traditionally, it is assumed that every variable in the input HDL (Hardware Description Language) behavioral description needs to be held in a register; A register can be shared by multiple variables if they have mutually disjoint lifetime intervals. This approach is effective for signal-flow-like computations such as various DSP algorithms. However, it is not the best for the synthesis of control-dominated circuits, which usually have variables/signals of different bit-width as well as very long lifetime. To go beyond register minimization by lifetime-analysis-based sharing, we propose holding some variables in the state registers, some signal nets, or some unclocked sequential networks. We have implemented the proposed method in a software program called VReg. Experimental results have demonstrated that Vreg minimizes the number of registers more effectively than the lifetime-analysis-based approach does. Better register minimization also leads to both smaller area and faster designs. |
11,978 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robot Design Method for Weight Saving Aimed at Dynamic Motions: Design of Humanoid JAXON3-P and Realization of Jump Motions, and key words: Actuators, Humanoid robots, Dynamics, Shape, Pneumatic systems. Abstract: This paper proposes a design method of robots with high specific stiffness for dynamic jumping motions. In the proposed method, we search for high stiffness mechanical structures in a wide design solution space consisting of joint structural parameters as well as frame shape parameters. Particularly in the case of rotary joints driven by linear actuators, we resolve joint moments into actuator's tensile forces and frame's compressive forces and reduce loads exerted on a frame. Though this effect is already known, our method is novel in terms of utilizing this effect for designing robot structures systematically and for saving robot weights. In addition, we introduce a set of the wrenches which would be exerted on a frame (the Frame Load Region) and evaluate the lightness of several robots' structures by using the Frame Load Region. As a resultant of the proposed method, we developed a new life-size humanoid robot prototype JAXON3-P. Then we demonstrate the high motion performance of JAXON3-P and the effectiveness of the proposed design method through jumping motion experiments. |
11,979 | Please write an abstract with title: Active rain gauge concept for moderate to heavy precipitation using W-band and S-band Doppler radars, and key words: Rain, Doppler radar, Clouds, Motion measurement, Radar measurements, Size measurement, Dynamic range, Shape, Information retrieval, Software testing. Abstract: Previous research studies have used multifrequency radar Doppler spectra to study different aspects of precipitation, and have demonstrated its utility as an accurate profiling raingauge method (Firda, 1999). Recently this concept have been used to retrieve the drop size distribution (DSD) and vertical air motion in rain using a dual-frequency cloud profiling radar system, operating at 33GHz (Ka-band) and 95GHz (W-band), will provide measurements over a wider dynamic range of rain conditions, extending the active rain-gauge concept to heavier rain rates. The use of the W-bandsignal will provide accurate measurement of the vertical air motion in rain. Considering the conditions of heavy rain in which case large nonspherical raindrops exist, the actual drop's shapes will be corrected. Data will be processed as suggested by Firda et al., 1999. This research's goal is to develop software to retrieve several cloud characterization parameters, such as drop size distribution and vertical air motion from collected data during November 2001 at the Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site in Lamont, Oklahoma. Rain rate estimates, drop size distribution and the vertical air motion retrieval used to study the inner processes of rain will be presented. |
11,980 | Please write an abstract with title: Fair Algorithms for Maximal Link Activation in Multihop Radio Networks, and key words: Spread spectrum communication, Radio network, Time division multiple access, Distributed algorithms, Telecommunication traffic, Road accidents, Telecommunication network reliability, Computer networks, Qualifications, Wide area networks. Abstract: We present a distributed algorithm for obtaining a fair time slot allocation for link activation in a multihop radio network. We introduce the concept of maximal fairness in which the termination of a fair allocation algorithm is related to maximal reuse of the channel under a given fairness metric. The fairness metric can be freely interpreted as the expected link traffic load demands, link priorities, etc. Since respective demands for time slot allocation will not necessarily be equal, we define fairness in terms of the closeness of allocation to respective link demands while preserving the collision free property. The algorithm can be used in conjunction with existing link activation algorithms to provide a fairer and fuller utilization of the channel. |
11,981 | Please write an abstract with title: An Artificial Intelligence approach to Social Networks agent task scheduling analysis in map-reduce for Sentiment Opinion Analysis, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Social networking (online), Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Data mining, Task analysis, Stock markets. Abstract: Now a day’s everyone widely used social networks; it is one part of our daily life activity. In this way, the user can upload and view their profiles text messages, images and video etc. In the way, user can communicate either individual or group in their existing regions and post updated information to circulate all other followers or guest users like working the same as social networks sites. This research work, we propose a novel algorithm to analyze existing resources and predict sentiment analysis and prediction along with this user expectation. These results will be useful in Applied Economics, Expert Systems, Human Brain Analysis, Voting, Stock markets, Live updates on every field, unknown object identifications Etc. |
11,982 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Delay in Flights using Machine Learning, and key words: Economics, Training, Machine learning algorithms, Biological system modeling, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Delays. Abstract: Flight delays are being caused by an increase in air traffic as a result of the aviation industry's expansion. There are both economic and environmental consequences to flight delays. The task of supervising air traffic is growing more and more difficult. Many factors contribute to flight delays, such as security concerns, mechanical faults, weather conditions, airport congestion, and so on. This paper proposes machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, MLP Classifier, Naive Bayes, and KNN classifier to alleviate these problems. Predicting Aircraft Delays, which is a major source of economic output for many countries, is the primary goal of this study, which uses machine learning algorithms to identify and eliminate flight delays. This will help save a significant amount of money in the long run. |
11,983 | Please write an abstract with title: Noise as a resolution limiting factor in group delay dispersion measurements with spectrally integrated white light interferometers, and key words: Delay, Dispersion, Noise measurement, Interferometers, Time measurement, Measurement standards, Power measurement, Optical interferometry, Wavelength measurement, Fourier transforms. Abstract: A detailed theoretical and experimental analysis of the relationship between spectral resolution and inaccuracy of group delay dispersion determination is presented. The required measurement time scales with the sixth power of the inverse spectral resolution. |
11,984 | Please write an abstract with title: VHC: quickly building an optimizer for complex embedded architectures, and key words: Buildings, Optimizing compilers, VLIW, Program processors, Constraint optimization, Time to market, Hardware, Performance evaluation, Testing, Instruments. Abstract: To meet the high demand for powerful embedded processors, VLIW architectures are increasingly complex (e.g., multiple clusters), and moreover, they now run increasingly sophisticated control-intensive applications. As a result, developing architecture-specific compiler optimizations is becoming both increasingly critical and complex, while time-to-market constraints remain very tight. We present a novel program optimization approach, called the virtual hardware compiler (VHC), that can perform as well as static compiler optimizations, but which requires far less compiler development effort, even for complex VLIW architectures and complex target applications. The principle is to augment the target processor simulator with superscalar-like features, observe how the target program is dynamically optimized during execution, and deduce an optimized binary for the static VLIW architecture. Developing an architecture-specific optimizer then amounts to modifying the processor simulator which is very fast compared to adapting static compiler optimizations to an architecture. We also show that a VHC-optimized binary trained on a number of data sets performs as well as a statically-optimized binary on other test data sets. The only drawback of the approach is a largely increased compilation time, which is often acceptable for embedded applications and devices. Using the Texas Instruments C62 VLIW processor and the associated compiler, we experimentally show that this approach performs as well as static compiler optimizations for a much lower research and development effort. Using a single-core C60 and a dual-core clustered C62 processors, we also show that the same approach can be used for efficiently retargeting binary programs within a family of processors. |
11,985 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Virtual Diagnostics Performance for Plasma Density in Semiconductor Etch Equipment Using Variational Auto-Encoder, and key words: Plasmas, Data models, Feature extraction, Plasma density, Semiconductor device modeling, Predictive models, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: As the critical dimension of transistors has become lower and the stacked layer of semiconductors has become higher, virtual diagnostics to monitor the status of plasma in an etching process has been important because of the reliability of process. In this study, we proposed the model to predict a plasma density of the etch equipment with high accuracy using OES data despite a small number of process conditions. The proposed model could improve the prediction performance of multilayer perceptron by using pre-trained variational auto-encoder as an initializer and had the best performance of several regression methods. At application point of view, it is expected that the model can be used to monitor a plasma density when a wafer is absent from the chamber. Moreover, using the proposed model can more easily understand the status of plasma rather than monitoring thousands of sensor data even without the knowledge about plasma. |
11,986 | Please write an abstract with title: On increasing end-to-end throughput in wireless ad hoc networks, and key words: Throughput, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Broadcasting, Telecommunication traffic, Interference, Data communication, Wireless networks, Pattern analysis. Abstract: One of the main characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks is their node-centric broadcast nature of communication, leading to interferences and spatial contention between adjacent wireless links. Due to such interferences, pessimistic concerns have been recently raised with respect to the decreasing network capacity in wireless ad hoc networks when the number of nodes scales to several orders of magnitude higher. In this paper, we argue that in all cases of end-to-end data communications - including one-to-k unicast and multicast data dissemination as well as k-to-one data aggregation - the maximum achievable end-to-end data throughput (measured on the sources) heavily depends on the strategy of arranging the topology of transmission between sources and destinations, as well as possible per-node operations such as coding. An optimal strategy achieves better end-to-end throughput than an arbitrary one. We present theoretical studies and critical insights with respect to how these strategies may be designed so that end-to-end throughput may be increased. |
11,987 | Please write an abstract with title: Brave new world: can we engineer a better start for freshers?, and key words: Computer science, Educational institutions, Engineering profession, Programming profession, Engineering education, Quality assurance, Information technology, Performance analysis, Laboratories, Feedback. Abstract: The crucial importance of first experiences in shaping future success has been widely acknowledged. Creating the best foundations in large cohorts of students from diverse backgrounds presents special problems of its own. But a secure foundation can enhance student achievement and improve retention - and the students may even have fun too. Research has suggested that building learning communities can enhance student engagement and achievement. This paper examines how introducing non-technical activities can establish sound foundations for a university career by a) addressing objectives in the wider curriculum and b) promoting non-technical skills and experience of group working. A set of changes introduced to five degree cohorts in our academic school were designed to complement enhancements to our technical curriculum introduced during many years of debate and consideration. The changes have impacted upon generic and technical educational experiences. The paper presents an evaluation of the programme of changes through two iterations from the perspective of both faculty and student |
11,988 | Please write an abstract with title: Least-squares mesh model for image compression, and key words: Image coding, Mesh generation, Interpolation, Image representation, Tracking, Frequency, Fungi, Image sequences, Solid modeling, Image processing. Abstract: In this work we explore the use of a content-adaptive mesh model for image compression. We first model the image to be compressed by a quadtree mesh representation, in which the nodal values are determined using a least squares fit. The resulting mesh structure is coded using a 4-ary tree and the mesh nodal values are coded using a hierarchical predictive coding scheme. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve good compression performance and can significantly outperform JPEG both subjectively and objectively in low bit-rate applications. |
11,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-asymptotic Identification of Linear Dynamical Systems Using Multiple Trajectories, and key words: Linear systems, Estimation error, Upper bound, System dynamics, Markov processes, Trajectory, Complexity theory. Abstract: This paper considers the problem of linear time-invariant (LTI) system identification using input/output data. Recent work has provided non-asymptotic results on partially observed LTI system identification using a single trajectory but is only suitable for stable systems. We provide finite-time analysis for learning Markov parameters based on the ordinary least-squares (OLS) estimator using multiple trajectories, which covers both stable and unstable systems. For unstable systems, our results suggest that the Markov parameters are harder to estimate in the presence of process noise. Without process noise, our upper bound on the estimation error is independent of the spectral radius of system dynamics with high probability. These two features are different from fully observed LTI systems for which recent work has shown that unstable systems with a bigger spectral radius are easier to estimate. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of our OLS estimator. |
11,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Tuning Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer Using Double-Toroidal Helix Coils, and key words: Coils, Receivers, Couplings, Repeaters, Transmitters, Three-dimensional displays, Toroidal magnetic fields. Abstract: In this article, we suggest and study a novel omnidirectional wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on unusual double-toroidal helix coils. The suggested antenna is a double-helix coil wounded around a torus. It creates two mutually orthogonal magnetic fields. One is toroidal and confined inside the torus, and another one is poloidal and is distributed outside it. The intensities of these two fields can be independently tuned via the geometry of the turns. The coupling coefficients are tailored to ensure high efficiency regardless of the receiver position and orientation, without active circuitry for tuning or control. This topology provides self-tuning functionality which is achieved when the coupling between the transmitter and receiver is minimized while the coupling in the pairs transmitter–repeater and repeater–receiver is strong. The system consists of three transmitter–repeater pairs orthogonal to each other, ensuring omnidirectional functionality. Experimental results confirm self-tunability and high efficiency for any position and orientation of receivers. The proposed double-helix antenna is applicable to different WPT applications where the coupling/decoupling between coils can be freely controlled. |
11,991 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on available energy estimation of LFP battery based on increment energy curve, and key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, increment energy curve, degeneration characteristic, available energy estimation. Abstract: As the battery ages, the available energy of the battery will decline obviously, and accurately estimating the available energy of the battery will have important significance for the management and control of the battery system. Four 50Ah lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries returned from electric bus as the research object. The maximum charging and discharging current that can be sustained by a cell was tested for 1000 cycles at 25°C, and the one-time energy test was conducted for every 100 cycles, this includes a capacity test with 1/3C current and an increment capacity analyze(ICA) test with 1/20C current. The energy and capacity degeneration characteristics are compared through the above experiments, and the increment energy (IE) curve that reflects the chemical characteristics of the battery is obtained by analogy with ICA. The IE curve is used to analyze the degeneration characteristics of the battery and estimate the available energy of the battery, and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the method. |
11,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling dependable systems: what can model driven development contribute and what likely not?, and key words: Hardware, Embedded software, Availability, Systems engineering and theory, Informatics, Power generation economics, Economic forecasting, Testing, Computer languages, Computer networks. Abstract: Dependability of complex systems is a critical system-level issue, which is still insufficiently tackled today. We propose the adoption of an aggressive model-driven development paradigm (AMDD) to adequately capture globally scoped issues like interoperability and compatibility. AMDD moves most of the recurring problems of compatibility and consistency of a system's design, implementation and evolution from the coding and integration level to the modeling level. In particular it enables an economical treatment of cross-system issues. This approach has proven useful already for the design, realization and test of complex distributed applications. In this paper we discuss the potential and benefits of AMDD and present examples where it is already adopted |
11,993 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Response Model and Its Closed-Form Solution of Two-Machine Equivalent Power System, and key words: Generators, Analytical models, Power system dynamics, Numerical models, Power systems, Frequency modulation, Rotors. Abstract: For the purpose of considering the spatial-temporal characteristics (STC) of large-scale interconnected power system in the modeling, calculation, and analysis of dynamic frequency response (FR), this paper establishes a two-machine equivalent frequency response (TEFR) model and gets its closed-form solution (CFS), which can be used to analytically analysis and fast calculation. In the modeling, the network structure is idealized through simplified matrix of DC power flow and the system is reduced to a typical two-degree-of-freedom vibration system with viscous damping and excitation forces through breaking closed-loop and variable approximation. After that, modal analysis method is managed to obtain TEFR-CFS which represent the dynamic FR of TEFR model as the superposition of system FR and frequency oscillation. And the influence of parameters on frequency oscillation, such as electrical distance, inertial distribution, initial disturbance power distribution coefficient, etc., are analyzed. Furthermore, the analytical expressions of the key characteristics of dynamic FR, such as the initial decline slope, the nadir and the arrival time of nadir, etc., are derived. Numerical simulation proves that STC has significant influence on FR and can be described by TEFR model, TEFR-CFS and the expressions of its key characteristics with accuracy and efficiency. |
11,994 | Please write an abstract with title: 1-Mbit virtually static RAM, and key words: Random access memory, Read-write memory, Circuits, CMOS technology, Hot carriers, Lithography, Costs, Intelligent control, Parallel processing, Error analysis. Abstract: The 1-Mb RAM utilizes a one-transistor, one-capacitor dynamic memory cell. Since all the refresh-related operations are done on chip, the RAM acts as a virtually static RAM (VSRAM). The refresh operations are merged into the normal operation, called a background refresh, the main feature of the VSRAM. Since the fast operation of the core part of the RAM is crucial to minimize the access-time overhead by the background refresh, 16 divided bit lines and parallel processing techniques are utilized. Novel hot-carrier resistant circuits are applied selectively to bootstrapped nodes for high hot-carrier reliability. N-channel memory cells are embedded in a p-well, which gives a low soft error rate of less than 10 FIT. 1-/spl mu/m NMOSFETs with moderately lightly doped drain structures offer fast 5-V operation with sufficient reliability. An advanced double-level poly-Si and double-level Al twin-well CMOS technology is developed for fast circuit speed and high packing density. The memory cell size is 3.5/spl times/8.4 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/, and the chip size is 5.99/spl times/13.8 mm./SUP 2/. Address access time is typically 62 ns, with 21-mA operating current and 30-/spl mu/A standby current at room temperature. |
11,995 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring technology of salinity in water with optical fiber sensor, and key words: Optical fiber sensors, Sea measurements, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Light sources, Optical refraction, Optical sensors, Remote monitoring, Position sensitive particle detectors, Refractive index, Prototypes. Abstract: A novel optical fiber sensor used for remote monitoring of salinity in water is proposed. Based on the detection of beam deviation due to the refractive index changes of the salt water, salinity can be measured by a position-sensitive detector. The measurement principle is theoretically described. Preliminary prototype is set up, and experimental results indicate the feasibility of the method. Salinity measurement resolution can reach 0.012%o within the measurement range from distilled water to salt water with salinity of 50%o. |
11,996 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Dominant Signal Component of the Air-Ground Channel Based on Measurement Data at C-Band, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, Hardware, Global navigation satellite system, Antenna measurements, Aircraft, Wireless communication, Uninterruptible power systems. Abstract: Operating remotely piloted aircraft is not imaginable without a continuous data exchange between the air vehicle and the remote pilot. This data exchange requires reliable data links. One approach for such a data link discussed in the community is a terrestrial system deployed in C-band. A good knowledge of the physical conditions of the communication channel, in this case the air-ground/ground-air channel, is indispensable for the development of wireless data links. Therefore we carried out a 50 MHz bandwidth channel sounding campaign with a terrestrial transmitter and an airborne receiver. In this paper we give a detailed description of our campaign setup and the processing of the collected data. The campaign covered several flight scenarios, such as take-off, taxiing, and multiple en-route maneuvers. We furthermore present results on the received power and the amplitude distribution of the dominant component of the received signal for the different flight scenarios. We observed significant drops in reception power during certain maneuvers that need to be considered in the design process of a data link for unmanned aviation. Additionally, we show that the amplitude distribution follows the distributions commonly used in statistical channel modeling of wireless channels to some extent. We finally present parameter sets for multiple flight scenarios for scaling the amplitude distributions to allow a statistical channel modeling of the reception power of the first resolvable signal path. |
11,997 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling and Validation of a Decentralized Breathing Gas Source, and key words: Ventilators, Solid modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Volume measurement, Ventilation, Hardware, Software. Abstract: In this contribution, the development and validation of a digital twin of a decentralized source of breathing gas used for mechanical ventilation is described. A hardware setup is built in analogy to a Simscape ® model with almost identical architecture and geometry. An experimental trial of volume controlled ventilation was conducted and the obtained data of resulting pressure and oxygen concentration was compared. Correlating measured and simulated data lead to coefficients of 0.83 and 0.74 for FiO2 in the dosage chamber and airway, respectively. Clinical relevance- This work showed that the process of mechanical ventilation can be simulated even to the extent of oxygen distribution for ex-vivo applications |
11,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Student Dropout in Information and Comunications Technology Careers, and key words: Engineering profession, Databases, Education, Bibliometrics, Information and communication technology, Information systems. Abstract: Student dropout is a phenomenon that affects all universities and a topic of interest because of the negative effects on the student, the family, and the university. Universities make efforts and implement tutoring and support programs to retain students, however, they do not achieve the expected results. This phenomenon is conditioned by a set of factors that must be known to be taken into account. This article presents the results of a bibliometric analysis using the SCOPUS database to determine aspects that influence student dropout in careers related to information and communications technologies (ICT). The results show that the factors that stand out in the studies are: age, gender, sense of belonging, academic performance, performance in previous studies, motivational, organizational factors, among others. Knowing these factors will allow us to determine their influence on student dropout. |
11,999 | Please write an abstract with title: Resistance of a plane grid condenser moving through a plasma, and key words: Plasma measurements, Frequency, Tensile stress, Doppler effect, Ionosphere, Atomic measurements, Coupling circuits, Impedance, Equations, Dielectric constant. Abstract: The resistance of a plane grid condenser, moving in a magnetized plasma, is calculated using the quasi-hydrodynamic approximation for the plasma dielectric tensor. It is shown that, as a consequence of the anomalous Doppler effect, the resistance may become negative. Some implications for antenna measurements in the ionosphere are discussed. |
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