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12,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Switched collector impedance memory, and key words: Impedance, Power dissipation, Resistors, Large scale integration, Read-write memory, Thermal resistance, Switching circuits, Switches, Epitaxial layers, Testing. Abstract: Bipolar memory cells capable of achieving as high a ratio of READ/WRITE current to standby current as 40:200 in contrast to the ratio of 0.8:8 obtainable by conventional memory cells are proposed. In a standby condition the collector impedance of the cells is high and when accessed the impedance is switched to a much lower value. The proposed device structures proficiently utilize such layers as pinched epitaxial layers or pinched base layers for the integration of high resistance or switched impedance within a minimum chip area. In breadboard tests the proposed memory cells exhibited an access time of less than 4 ns and a cycle time of less than 15 ns at standby power dissipation ranging from 50 to 200 /spl mu/W/bit. A 288-bit LSI, using one of the proposed device structures, has been fabricated to obtain an access time of 4 ns and a write time of 4 ns. |
12,001 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Carrier Phase and Timing on a Single-Sideband Data Signal, and key words: Timing, Pulse shaping methods, Shape, Data communication, Bandwidth, Frequency, Demodulation, Phase detection, Mean square error methods, Phase measurement. Abstract: Considering the recovery of carrier phase and timing for optimum detection of a single-sideband data signal, a relation is derived for simultaneous optimum setting of these parameters. To find the optimum settings, it is shown that the mean-square error (MSE) of the demodulated signal, defined as the sum of the squared deviations of the received signal from the nearest possible level of an undistorted signal, is a useful measure of carrier phase and timing errors only near the optimum settings, so that a rough estimate of both carrier phase and timing must be available at the receiver. |
12,002 | Please write an abstract with title: An Accident Waiting to Happen: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2028-28, and key words: Ethics, Protocols, Grounding, Conferences, Documentation, Companies, Planning. Abstract: Homemade equipment - to save money Non-performing craft - because management doesn't want to have the hard discussion Unqualified personnel - because we need the bodies on the job A lack of formal procedures - because they take a lot of time and effort to write A deviation from lockout/tagout protocol - because it was quicker Any one of these can be the prelude to a serious electrical incident. Mix them all together and you have a recipe for a catastrophic failure which resulted in a near fatality and a cost to the company of millions of dollars. |
12,003 | Please write an abstract with title: A low-cost wave/solar powered unmanned surface vehicle, and key words: Temperature measurement, Sea surface, Surface waves, Prototypes, Winches, Three-dimensional printing, Ocean temperature. Abstract: This paper presents a prototype of a low-cost Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) that is operated by wave and solar energy which can be used to minimize the cost of ocean data collection. The current prototype is a compact USV, with a length of 1.2m that can be deployed and recovered by two persons. The design includes an electrically operated winch that can be used to retract and lower the underwater unit. Several elements of the design make use of additive manufacturing and inexpensive materials. The vehicle can be controlled using radio frequency (RF) and a satellite communication, through a custom developed web application. Both the surface and underwater units were optimized with regard to drag, lift, weight, and price by using recommendation of previous research work and advanced materials. The USV could be used in water condition monitoring by measuring several parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and pH. |
12,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Double inverter concept for high-speed drives without motor filters, and key words: Switching frequency, Windings, Rotors, Europe, Switches, Harmonic analysis, Inverters. Abstract: It is known that high-speed machines have high power and loss densities [1]. The additional losses in the rotor caused by harmonics are particularly critical, as they act in the center of the machine. This paper shows an approach to reach small additional losses without a filter between inverter and machine. |
12,005 | Please write an abstract with title: HealthMine: A Tool for Social Media Text Mining in Health, and key words: Training, Text mining, Data analysis, Social networking (online), Blogs, Tools, Testing. Abstract: Social media has become a major source of information in recent years, with millions of posts every minute if not seconds. Containing information on various topics like health, politics and sports, one cannot deny that social media has become a good leverage for the field of data analytics. The objective of this work was to apply techniques of text mining, data analytics, and machine learning to Implement a web application, HealthMine, which extracts and classifies relevant data collected from social media platforms, namely Twitter and MedHelp, following a health-related user query. This would spare the user the burden of filtering out irrelevant information and focusing more on what is relevant. However, since content on social media is user-generated, the reliability is dubitable and the advice of a certified medical practitioner is always recommended. The main purpose of the tool is to allow users to share experiences. The tool was evaluated using 1400 tweets and 1800 MedHelp posts and it was found that Naive Bayes Classifier yielded the best accuracy among other classifiers, with an accuracy of 86.3 and 76.6 for Twitter and Medhelp respectively. |
12,006 | Please write an abstract with title: EM-GAN: Data-Driven Fast Stress Analysis for Multi-Segment Interconnects, and key words: Training, Wires, Aging, Generative adversarial networks, Topology, Transient analysis, Stress. Abstract: Electromigration (EM) analysis for complicated interconnects requires the solving of partial differential equations, which is expensive. In this paper, we propose a fast transient hydrostatic stress analysis for EM failure assessment for multisegment interconnects using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our work is inspired by the image synthesis and feature of generative deep neural networks. The stress evaluation of multi-segment interconnects, modeled by partial differential equations, can be viewed as time-varying 2D-images-to-image problem where the input is the multi-segment interconnects topology with current densities and the output is the EM stress distribution in those wire segments at the given aging time. We show that the conditional GAN can be exploited to attend the temporal dynamics for modeling the time-varying dynamic systems like stress evolution over time. The resulting algorithm, called EM-GAN, can quickly give accurate stress distribution of a general multi-segment wire tree for a given aging time, which is important for full-chip fast EM failure assessment. Our experimental results show that the EM-GAN shows 6.6% averaged error compared to COMSOL simulation results with orders of magnitude speedup. It also delivers 8.3× speedup over state-of-the-art analytic based EM analysis solver. |
12,007 | Please write an abstract with title: On Industry-Academia Relations in the Arab Gulf States: Steps toward Building Strategic Partnership, and key words: Industrial relations, Engineering education, Educational institutions, Collaboration, Industrial training, Civil engineering, Engineering profession, Costs, Educational technology, Region 2. Abstract: Current industry-academia relationships in the Arab Gulf States are minimal, and do need to be strengthened and improved. The paper calls for increased "relevancy" of engineering education, with greater industry-academia collaboration on many fronts. It was inspired by a round table discussion, where engineering graduates of the region's colleges have suggested ways to develop viable and enduring connections between local industries and the academic institutions of the region. Activities perceived as effective in closing the gap between academia and industries are outlined. The paper focuses on: the mission, the nature, and some relevant strategies that could lead to collaboration. Slanting curricula towards industrial relevance and the "practice", helps equip graduates with the "tools of the trade", thus lessening the burden on industries, in having to prepare and train employees at the start of their career |
12,008 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a technique for obstacle detection applied to Resistive Grid Path Planning Methodology, and key words: Robot motion, Machine vision, Conferences, Path planning, Planning, Collision avoidance, Robots. Abstract: Path planning has been considered an import part of solving problems focused on collision-free movements for robotics system. Resistive Grid Path Planning Methodology (RGPPM) is a novel and reduced CPU time modelling procedure for robotic motions planning. In this paper, RGPPM is complements with a monocular vision system to generate autonomy in the planning of the paths with geometric resistive networks. |
12,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Dynamic Tracing Sampling to Measure Long Running Programs, and key words: Sampling methods, Computer science, Educational institutions, Hardware, Counting circuits, Permission, Adaptive mesh refinement, Instruments, Computational modeling, Computer simulation. Abstract: Detailed cache simulation can be useful to both system developers and application writers to understand an application’s performance. However, measuring long running programs can be extremely slow. In this paper we present a technique to use dynamic sampling of trace snippets throughout an application’s execution. We demonstrate that our approach improves accuracy compared to sampling a few timesteps at the beginning of execution by judiciously choosing the frequency, as well as the points in the control flow, at which samples are collected. Our approach is validated using the SIGMA tracing and simulation framework for the IBM Power family of processors. |
12,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Deriving interaction-prone scenarios in feature interaction filtering with use case maps, and key words: Filtering, Computer aided software engineering, Costs, Informatics, Intelligent networks, IP networks, Mobile communication, Telecommunication services, Floods, Explosions. Abstract: Feature interactions (FIs) occur when features of different communication services interfere with each other FI filtering is a pre-processing step before the FI detection, which roughly identifies FI-prone service combinations based on simple indications of the FIs. We have previously (Proc. 6th Intl. Workshop on Feature Interactions in Telecom. Networks and Distributed Systems, pp. 163-178, 2000) proposed an FI filtering method at the requirements stage using use case maps (UCMs). This method identifies FI-prone service combinations by focusing on changes in the user's scenarios before/after the service composition, but it does not tell which of the scenarios in the compound services has the potential for FIs. In this paper, as an extension of the previous method, we propose a new method to derive FI-prone scenarios from the FI-prone combinations obtained by the previous method. From many practical FIs, we first make the following observations: (a) FI tends to occur in scenarios where both services are activated, and (b) FI tends to occur in scenarios where a service by-passes a feature of the other service. Then, based on these observations, we propose heuristics on the UCM scenario paths to derive FI-prone scenarios. An experimental evaluation demonstrates that the derived scenarios successfully cover all scenarios that lead to actual FIs. |
12,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Generative Adversarial Network for SAR-to-Optical Image Translation with Feature Cross-Fusion Inference, and key words: Optical losses, Laser radar, Semantics, Optical fiber networks, Optical imaging, Generative adversarial networks, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: The translation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to optical images provides a new solution for the interpretation of SAR images. Most of the existing translation networks are based on generative adversarial networks and use 9-residual blocks or U-Net structures in the feature inference phase. Both structures cause a large amount of information lost during the conversion of SAR image features to optical features, making the outline of the translated image blurred or semantic information lost. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a cross-fusion inference network structure, which preserves both high-resolution features and low-resolution features in the whole process of feature inference. Our proposed method broadens the network horizontally while deepening it vertically and improving the image translation performance. The experiments conducted on the public dataset sen1-2 show that the proposed method is superior to other networks. |
12,012 | Please write an abstract with title: ARIES: Cylindrical Pendulum Actuated Explorer Sphere, and key words: Robots, Kinematics, Legged locomotion, Robot kinematics, Payloads, Mathematical models, Mechatronics. Abstract: Spherical rolling robots (SRR) have been a promising avenue for the exploration of unstructured environments with variable topologies. The advantages include the ability to move fast, robustness to collision, and a lower number of actuators. However, to finally be used in real missions and applications, they need to have a high maneuverability and have sufficient inner space to house a proper payload for the intended application, such as cave and tunnel exploration, without compromising on the performances. With barycentric spherical robot, adding mass with a payload may become challenging, as the location of the center-of-mass is critical for the locomotion. In this article, we propose a novel barycentric spherical robot with two degrees-of-freedom (DoF) named Autonomous Robotic Intelligent Explorer Spheres (ARIES). The motion of this SRR is generated by a cylindrical actuated joint acting like a 2-DoF pendulum. This design allows us to have a nearly empty upper hemisphere inside the spherical shell, which is dedicated to payloads adapted to the application. The full kinematics and dynamics are presented, and simulation results are included. The control scheme implemented is detailed. We conducted an experimental evaluation of the ARIES with different trajectories, as well as discussed practical considerations and future improvements. |
12,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Transmission Performance of Multi-band SG-LongRange Communication Technology, and key words: Wireless communication, Wide area networks, Wireless LAN, Sensitivity, Power demand, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas. Abstract: The application scenarios are diversified and the working frequency band is different in the terminal wireless local area network (WLAN). In order to achieve the integration of terminal network with multiple modes and different frequency points and meet the needs of diversification of the Internet of things services, this paper presents a SG-LongRange (State Grid Long Range) wireless communication technology supporting multiple working frequencies, combining a compact printed antenna operated concurrently at three distinct frequencies of sub-GHz. By simulating, the coverage of SG-LongRange wireless communication technology can achieve certain receiving sensitivity in the short-range power Internet of things entrance. The proposed SG-LongRange communication technology supporting multiple frequencies provides a strong support for solving the Internet of things entrance bottleneck between wide area network and users, ecological construction and continuous evolution of Internet of things. |
12,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of properties of YAG (Ce) ceramic scintillators, and key words: Ceramics, Doping, Stimulated emission, Lattices, Photoelectricity, Gamma ray detection, Gamma ray detectors, Solid scintillation detectors, Energy resolution, Delay effects. Abstract: We measured basic properties of three ceramic Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YAG) scintillators doped with Ce to a concentration of 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mol%, in comparison with a monocrystalline YAG scintillator with unknown amount of Ce doping. First, optical transparency and emission spectra were investigated. We confirmed that the transparency of the ceramics is comparable to that of the monocrystalline one (/spl sim/80%) in wavelengths longer than /spl sim/500 nm. The ceramics did not show an indication of lattice defects which is present in the monocrystalline YAG. Then the response to /spl gamma/-rays was studied using a phototube as a scintillation light detector. The 0.5 mol% sample exhibited the highest light yield (/spl sim/40% of CsI), with an energy resolution of about 7.2% at /sup 137/Cs 662 keV photoabsorption peak. The optimum Ce concentration for a /spl sim/2 mm thick ceramic YAG was determined to be /spl sim/0.1 mol%. Using the delayed coincidence method, the principal time constant of the ceramic YAGs was measured as /spl sim/80 ns. By irradiating 5.49 MeV /spl alpha/-particles, the /spl alpha/-ray to /spl gamma/-ray light yield ratio of the ceramic YAGs was found to depend negatively on the amount of Ce; namely, 0.28, 0.20, and 0.13 in the increasing order of the Ce concentration. The 200-1000 keV intrinsic background of the 0.5 mol% ceramic was /spl sim/10/sup -5/ counts/s/cm/sup 3/, indicating that it is not significantly contaminated by radioactive impurities. |
12,015 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D characteristic facial contours, and key words: Face recognition, Head, Face detection, Facial features, Neural networks, Image databases, Robustness, Lighting, Computer science, Computational modeling. Abstract: Since 1970's, many sophisticated face recognition techniques have been developed, and the performance of the existing face recognition systems has been improved constantly. However, two very challenging problems remain: changes in lighting conditions and head poses. Several approaches, mostly based on 3D models with high computational costs, have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using only a small set of characteristic contours extracted from 3D face models. The 3D surface-matching problem is therefore reduced to a contour-matching problem. The contour-matching problem is further simplified into a simple one-dimensional z-distance comparison problem. Our preliminary experiments are performed on a small database containing 20 different face models, including two identical twin brothers. Our preliminary results show a very encouraging performance in both comparison accuracy and computational speed. Promising further research along this direction is discussed. |
12,016 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Feature Construction Based on Neighborhood Rough Set, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Costs, Rough sets, Machine learning, Computational efficiency, Task analysis, Intelligent systems. Abstract: Feature construction or derivation is a way to improve the performance of machine learning tasks. In order to reduce the computational cost of feature construction and cope with dynamic data, this paper presents a feature construction framework based on neighborhood rough set. First, we propose a feature construction method based on matrix and approximate quality to decrease the construction cost. Secondly, for dealing with dynamic data, we discuss how to construct features incrementally. Finally, we point out the issues that still need to be resolved under this framework. |
12,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient magnetic field calculations with TRIDIF, and key words: Magnetic fields, Permeability, Magnetic separation, Magnetic field measurement, Electron beams, Free electron lasers, Gas lasers, Pump lasers, Ring lasers, Solenoids. Abstract: TRIDIF is a time-dependent diffusion version of the well-known PANDIRA-POISSON-TRIM triangular mesh magnet code. Modifications which allow TRIDIF to treat field diffusion in materials with time-varying permeabilities are described. A heuristic dipole alignment model which described major and minor hysteresis loops and frequency dependence has been included to provide the requisite permeabilities. Good agreement between the measured and computed magnetic fields was found for a simple test experiment. |
12,018 | Please write an abstract with title: Can the Mathematical Correctness of Object Configurations Affect the Accuracy of Their Perception?, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Computational modeling, Semantics, Symbols, Object detection, Mathematical models. Abstract: We investigate a new type of dataset bias based on the mathematical correctness of object configurations in visual scenes, and how this bias can affect the accuracy of computer vision models. Our experiments demonstrate how CNNs trained to detect and recognize individual objects are capable of implicitly learning simple mathematical relationships between them directly from pixel data; moreover, models that are trained with a dataset bias (e.g., all examples are mathematically correct) can suffer in performance when evaluated on test data without this bias. We found evidence for this effect in two settings: (1) object detection of math symbols in images of arithmetic expressions, and (2) object detection of moving particles from images produced by a physics simulator. Importantly, the semantic bias that we study is based not just on simple co-occurrence patterns in each image, but rather on higher-order semantic rules that generalize to unique combinations of objects not seen during training. While the magnitude of the effect was small, the accuracy difference was statistically reliable. |
12,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Principle of vibrational control: Theory and applications, and key words: Vibration control, Vibration measurement, Laser feedback, Motion control, Control systems, Stability, Optical control, Linear particle accelerator, Glow discharges, Gas lasers. Abstract: The principle of vibrational control is presented. This principle consists in the introduction of such vibrations (with zero mean value) of the dynamic system parameters which modify the properties of the system in a desired manner. Unlike conventional control principles, vibrational control does not require measurements of deviations and disturbances. Classes of dynamic systems are described where the vibrational control is effective for ensuring:. 1) the stability, 2) the desired properties of the transient motions, and 3) the desired properties of the dynamic system response to the external disturbance. Applications of the vibrational control are also considered which include method of alternating-gradient focusing in particle accelerators and vibrational stabilization of glow discharge in powerful continuous gas lasers. Vibrational control principle seems to be useful in cases where feedback and feedforward principles cannot be applied. |
12,020 | Please write an abstract with title: SFour: A Protocol for Cryptographically Secure Record Linkage at Scale, and key words: Protocols, Databases, Cryptography, Couplings, Hospitals, Runtime. Abstract: The prevalence of various (and increasingly large) datasets presents the challenging problem of discovering common entities dispersed across disparate datasets. Solutions to the private record linkage problem (PRL) aim to enable such explorations of datasets in a secure manner. A two-party PRL protocol allows two parties to determine for which entities they each possess a record (either an exact matching record or a fuzzy matching record) in their respective datasets - without revealing to one another information about any entities for which they do not both possess records. Although several solutions have been proposed to solve the PRL problem, no current solution offers a fully cryptographic security guarantee while maintaining both high accuracy of output and subquadratic runtime efficiency. To this end, we propose the first known efficient PRL protocol that runs in subquadratic time, provides high accuracy, and guarantees cryptographic security in the semi-honest security model. |
12,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a CMOS Operational Amplifier for Extreme-Voltage Stress Test, and key words: Operational amplifiers, Stress, Circuit testing, Circuit simulation, Logic testing, CMOS technology, Voltage, Integrated circuit testing, Switching circuits, Switches. Abstract: Previous work on extreme-voltage stress test of analog ICs has suffered either from time-costly circuit-level simulation or from the considerable number of bits in the control signal added to circuit for stress operation. This paper presents several fully-stressable circuit structures the appropriate use of which in analog ICs eliminates the need for extra control bits. Based on proposed circuit concepts an operational amplifier is designed in TSMC 0.18µm CMOS technology and is simulated with HSPICE. Simulation results have shown that the designed operational amplifier is fully stressable with minor performance degradation. |
12,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Wavelet analysis of gene expression (WAGE), and key words: Wavelet analysis, Gene expression, Remuneration, Biological cells, Probes, Diseases, Wavelet transforms, Environmental factors, Humans, Genomics. Abstract: The wavelet transform (WT) is the mathematical operator of choice for the analysis of nonstationary signals. At the same time, it is also a modelling operator that may be used to impose functional constraints on data to unveil hidden groupings and relationships. In this work, we apply the WT to the chromosomal sequences of gene expression values measured with microarray technology. The application of the wavelet operator aims to uncover clusters of genes that interact by vicinity, either because of a shared regulatory mechanism or because of common susceptibility to environmental factors. Application of the method to data on the expression of human brain genes in neuro-degeneration validates the technique and, at the same time, illustrates the potential of the method. |
12,023 | Please write an abstract with title: LOCH: supporting informal language learning outside the classroom with handhelds, and key words: Natural languages, Space technology, Pervasive computing, Personal digital assistants, Ubiquitous computing, Vocabulary, Information science, Intelligent systems, Handheld computers, Cities and towns. Abstract: The continuous development of wireless and mobile technologies has allowed the creation of an additional platform for supporting learning, one that can be embedded in the same physical space in which the learning is taking place. This paper describes a computer supported ubiquitous learning environment for language learning, called LOCH (language-learning outside the classroom with handhelds). In the environment, the teacher assigns field activities to the students, who go around the town to fulfil them and share their individual experiences. The main aim of this project, called one day trip with PDA (personal digital assistant), was to integrate the knowledge acquired in the classroom and the real needs of the students in their daily life. |
12,024 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Approach By The RANS Method Of Convective Transfer And Flow In a Room Heated By a Solar Energy, and key words: Analytical models, Solid modeling, Renewable energy sources, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Solar energy, Mathematical models. Abstract: In this present work, 3D numerical simulations are carried out to determine the fields of velocities and temperatures in a passive room, the basic equations which govern heat transfer and flow are those of the energy and Navier-Stocks equations, written in Reynolds decompositions. The results show the existence of a compromise between heat transfer and airflow in this system. The thermal and dynamic behavior is characterized by the determination of the local Nusselt number on the one hand and by the local Grashof number on the other hand. |
12,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Associated scientific and technical societies ok South Africa, and key words: US Department of Defense, Gold, Africa. Abstract: The Council desire to acknowledge the receipt of further donations from the members of the Institute towards the funds of the Joint Housing Scheme since those acknowledged in the August Journal amounting to £49 16s. The subscribers are as follows: — R. F. Botting, P. J. Charlton, J. Cope, T. C. Woolley Dod, T. C. Jarvis, T. R. D. Kenny, H. B. Murgatroyd, E. Struckel, D. Wauchope, L. B. Woodworth, H. Wragg and A. F. R. Yorke. Total to date: £764 14s. 0d. |
12,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimum Kullback-Leibler distance based multivariate Gaussian feature adaptation for distant-talking speech recognition, and key words: Speech recognition, Robustness, Signal mapping, Acoustic noise, Gaussian noise, System performance, Stochastic processes, Broadcasting, Speech analysis, Vocabulary. Abstract: Multivariate Gaussian based speech compensation or mapping has been developed to reduce the mismatch between training and deployment conditions for robust speech recognition. The acoustic mapping procedure can be formulated as a feature space adaptation where a noisy input signal is transformed by a multivariate Gaussian network. We propose a novel algorithm to update the network parameters based on minimizing the Kullback-Leibler distance between the core recognizer's acoustic model and transformed features. It is designed to achieve optimal overall system performance rather than MMSE on a specific feature domain. An online stochastic gradient descent learning rule is derived. We evaluate the performance of the new algorithm using a JRTk broadcast news system on a distance-talking speech corpus and compare its performance with that of previous MMSE based approaches. The experiments show the KL based approach is more effective for a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system. |
12,027 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultrafast intersubband transitions at /spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 1.35-1.55 /spl mu/m in GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells, and key words: Gallium nitride, Aluminum gallium nitride, Absorption, Electrons, Quantum well devices, Solids, Least squares methods, Nominations and elections, Optimized production technology, Doping profiles. Abstract: We present measurements of intersubband transitions in the communications wavelength range using GaN/AlGaN heterostructures that have multiple single and coupled quantum wells. |
12,028 | Please write an abstract with title: TemporalNet: Real-time 2D-3D Video Object Detection, and key words: Training, Three-dimensional displays, Convolution, Object detection, Detectors, Streaming media, Network architecture. Abstract: Designing a video detection network based on state-of-the-art single-image object detectors may seem like an obvious choice. However, video object detection has extra challenges due to the lower quality of individual frames in a video, and hence the need to include temporal information for high-quality detection results. We design a novel interleaved architecture combining a 2D convolutional network and a 3D temporal network. To explore inter-frame information, we propose feature aggregation based on a temporal network. Our TemporalNet utilizes Appearance-preserving 3D convolution (AP3D) for extracting aligned features in the temporal dimension. Our temporal network functions at multiple scales for better performance, which allows communication between 2D and 3D blocks at each scale and also across scales. Our TemporalNet is a plug-and-play block that can be added to a multi-scale single-image detection network without any adjustments in the network architecture. When TemporalNet is applied to Yolov3 it is real-time with a running time of 35ms/frame on a low-end GPU. Our real-time approach achieves 77.1 % mAP (mean Average Precision) on ImageNet VID 2017 dataset with TemporalNet-4, where TemporalNet-16 achieves 80.9 % mAP which is a competitive result. |
12,029 | Please write an abstract with title: A case for tree evolution in QoS multicasting, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Multicast protocols, Routing protocols, Costs, Quality of service, IP networks, Scalability, Computer networks, Acceleration, Degradation. Abstract: The phenomenal growth of group communications and QoS-aware applications over the Internet have accelerated the development of multicasting technologies. The core-based tree (CBT) multicasting approach provides a scalable solution for large groups for large networks such as the Internet. However, unlike in shortest-path trees, the quality (tree cost) of the CBT may eventually degrade over time due to group dynamics (join/leave). In order to counteract this degradation, the core may be migrated and a new tree constructed. The method of migrating group members from the old core to the new core has a profound impact on the quality of the tree and also on the service disruption experienced by group members. Thus, there exists a trade-off between tree cost and service disruption as higher rate of migration decreases the overall tree cost but results in more service disruption. Chakrabarti and Manimaran (see Proc. IEEE Globecom, 2001) developed the concept of tree migration. In this paper, we develop a new paradigm for tree migration, namely tree evolution. The proposed tree evolution model (Split-based Tree Evolution Protocol (STEP)) provides an elegant solution that strikes a balance between service disruption and tree cost for highly dynamic groups. We compare and contrast the merits of tree evolution versus tree migration. Our simulation studies show that the proposed evolution model demonstrates excellent tree cost and service disruption for highly dynamic groups. |
12,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis in the limbic system of adult animals, and key words: Proteins, Bioinformatics, Genomics, Process control, Internet, Tomography, Diseases. Abstract: The need for the prevention, diagnosis and correction of strokes, the effects of injuries, neurodegenerative and other diseases of the brain requires methods of their longterm non-invasive instrumental monitoring. The work revealed individual elements of the mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis in the limbic system of adult animals. An analysis of existing data was carried out; a database was formed on the mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis in the limbic system. The visualized network is available on the Internet (http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/gnw/genenet/viewer/adult_n eurogenesis.html). Based on bioinformation analysis, a complex of experimental studies was carried out using neurofunctional, electrophysiological, imaging and non-invasive tomographic approaches and methods. A comparison was made of control animals (living in an enriched environment) and when they were trained to solve cognitive problems. It has been confirmed that cognitive loading increases the tendency to integrate new neurons into the neural network. The appearance of asymmetry in the size of the hippocampus is shown.Such an integrated approach opens up new possibilities for multivariate analysis of the mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis, the search for tools and methods of instrumental non-invasive control in the induction of neurogenesis in order to correct the effects of injuries, strokes, neurodegenerative and other brain diseases. The norm and under the action of neurogenesis inducers. The basic mechanisms of these processes are revealed. |
12,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-element analysis of the frequency response of a metallic cantilever coupled with piezoelectric transducer, and key words: Finite element methods, Frequency response, Piezoelectric transducers, Actuators, Electromechanical systems, Electromechanical sensors, Sensor systems, Two dimensional displays, Voltage, Electrodes. Abstract: This paper is devoted to modeling the dynamic response of an electromechanical system consisting of a piezoelectric transducer glued on part of the upper surface of a metallic cantilever. The piezo works both as vibration sensor and as actuator, and the system is the basis of many vibration-control devices of current interest. A three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method (FEM) model that reproduces the physical system is proposed, and its advantages with respect to an analytical approach and to one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) FEM models are discussed. In sensor mode, the frequency response in terms of the voltage at the electrodes is drawn; while in actuator mode, the frequency response of acceleration and displacement at the free end of the cantilever is calculated. The 3D model has been verified through the comparison with the results from the experiment carried out at the University of L'Aquila, Italy. Furthermore, experimental inaccessible quantities such as stresses at the piezo-cantilever interface are computed in both modes as a preliminary step in the study of delamination phenomena and their impact on the performance of the system in vibration-control applications. |
12,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Repair Policies for Systems Deteriorating After Disruptions, and key words: Maintenance engineering, Switches, Optimal control, Servers, Switched systems, Indexes, Task analysis. Abstract: We consider a scenario where a system experiences a disruption, and the states (representing health values) of its components continue to reduce over time, unless they are acted upon by a controller. Given this dynamical setting, we consider the problem of finding an optimal control (or switching) sequence to maximize the sum of the weights of the components, whose states are brought back to the maximum value. We first provide several characteristics of the optimal policy for the general (fully heterogeneous) version of this problem. We then show that under certain conditions on the rates of repair and deterioration, we can explicitly characterize the optimal control policy as a function of the states. When the deterioration rate (when not being repaired) is larger than or equal to the repair rate, and the deterioration and repair rates as well as the weights are homogeneous across all the components, we show that the policy that targets the component with the largest state value at each time step is optimal under certain conditions. On the other hand, if the repair rates are sufficiently larger than the deterioration rates, the optimal control policy is to target the component whose state minus the deterioration rate is least in a particular subset of components at each time step. |
12,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial Special Issue on Continual Unsupervised Sensorimotor Learning, and key words: Special issues and sections, Robot sensing systems, Robots, Reinforcement learning, Unsupervised learning. Abstract: The pursuit of higher levels of autonomy and versatility in robotics is arguably led by two main factors. First, as we push robots out of the labs and production lines, it becomes increasingly challenging to design for all possible scenarios that a particular robot might encounter. Second, the cost of designing, manufacturing, and maintaining such systems becomes prohibitive. |
12,034 | Please write an abstract with title: SATORI: Efficient and Fair Resource Partitioning by Sacrificing Short-Term Benefits for Long-Term Gains, and key words: Economics, Degradation, Data centers, Collaborative filtering, Computer architecture, Machine learning, Bandwidth. Abstract: Multi-core architectures have enabled data centers to increasingly co-locate multiple jobs to improve resource utilization and lower the operational cost. Unfortunately, naively co-locating multiple jobs may lead to only a modest increase in system throughput. Worse, some users may observe proportionally higher performance degradation compared to other users co-located on the same physical multi-core system. SATORI is a novel strategy to partition multi-core architectural resources to achieve two conflicting goals simultaneously: increasing system throughput and achieving fairness among the co-located jobs. |
12,035 | Please write an abstract with title: PSNet: LiDAR and Camera Registration Using Parallel Subnetworks, and key words: Calibration, Robot sensing systems, Feature extraction, Cameras, Spatial resolution, Point cloud compression. Abstract: The working environment of autonomous driving and robot navigation is so complex and dynamic that a single type of sensor is insufficient for performing object detection. Thus, in many perception schemes, the LiDAR-camera fusion strategy is preferred. However, the performance of a LiDAR-camera fusion heavily relies on a set of accurately calibrated extrinsic parameters. We propose PSNet, an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) for calibration; this is the first calibration network to use parallel subnetworks to obtain multiresolution features and fuse them adaptively to encourage robustness against different initial error ranges. The method has three key characteristics: (i) Addition of a downsampling block to improve suitability for sparse projected depth maps; (ii) Connection of the high-to-low resolution convolution streams in parallel to obtain multiresolution features that are spatially more precise and contain richer semantic information; (iii) Fusion of multiresolution streams by the multiscale feature aggregation module. The network corrects errors from initial calibration to the ground truth online, rather than directly obtaining the accurate parameters. We evaluated our model on the KITTI datasets and it outperformed other CNN-based methods. In addition, extensive experiments evaluating the model with untrained and unfamiliar datasets demonstrated that our method exhibited good generalization ability. |
12,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Molecular dynamic simulation of electron bubble transport in n-hexane liquid, and key words: Computational modeling, Electrostatics, Hydrocarbons, Electron mobility, Electrodynamics, Temperature, Electrodes, Industry Applications Society, Boundary conditions, Voltage. Abstract: The mobility and diffusion coefficient of an electron in nonpolar hydrocarbon liquid is calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in 3-D. An electron bubble (EB) model is introduced as an electron status in the liquid, and two estimation models, the Weighner-Seitz model and the Springett, Jortner, and Cohen model, of an EB radius is compared for qualifying an electron status. The n-hexane molecule of the flexible chain model is used in representing the hydrocarbon liquid. The Rattle algorithm is used for the time evolution of molecular motion, and the temperature is kept constant throughout the simulation. The simple proportional electric field, which is driven by applied voltage between electrodes, is employed on the EB. Simulation results of both models are quantitatively in good agreement with published experimental data. |
12,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Two Points Classical Identification Methods on the Example of a Three-Tank Interacting and Non-Interacting System, and key words: Delay effects, Simulation, Transfer functions, Color, Mathematical models, Regulation, Delays. Abstract: This paper mainly focuses on various two-point methods of identifying the First Order Plus Time Delay (FOPTD) model, and their impact on control quality. The following criteria were used to match the identification method: ISE between the response of the real system and the model and the normalized delay time. The work used two different tuning techniques: QDR and pidtune. A three-tank interacting and non-interacting system was used as a model for the tests. All tests were simulated in Matlab environment, ISE and settling time were used to assess the quality of control. |
12,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Machine Learning for the Classification of Normal and Abnormal Electromyography Data, and key words: Pipelines, Machine learning, Muscles, Big Data, Feature extraction, Electromyography, Diseases. Abstract: Needle electromyography (EMG) is a common technique used in clinical neurophysiology to record the electrical activity of muscles at different levels of activation. It can be used to diagnose various neurological/muscular disorders, as the EMG signals of patients with both nerve diseases (neuropathies) and muscle diseases (myopathies) differ from the signal in healthy controls. A major drawback of this examination is that it relies on visual inspection and as such, it is highly subjective and prone to errors. Based on EMG time series of 65 individuals (40 with ALS/IBM and 25 healthy), we aim to develop an automated machine-learning pipeline for the classification of EMG recordings of muscles in either disease or healthy (muscle-level). The automated pipeline consists of feature extraction, feature selection, modelling algorithm, and optimization, in which the most significant features are automatically selected from the feature space and the hyperparameters of the model are optimized by a Bayesian technique as part of the automated approach. Aside from the muscle-level approach, we also explore a patient-level approach, which uses the output of the muscle-level automated pipeline in a post-processing manner to classify patients in being either disease or healthy, based on their muscle recordings. The resulting two approaches yield an AUC score of 81.7% (muscle-level) and 81.5% (patient-level), indicating that such approaches can assist clinicians in diagnosing if a patient has a neuropathy/myopathy or is healthy. |
12,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Task Offloading Decision in the Time Varying Channel, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Computational modeling, Simulation, Reinforcement learning, Delays, Coherence time, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper proposes a dynamic task offloading decision control scheme to minimize the total delay to execute computation task taking into account the time-varying channel. Specifically, we consider the practical task offloading process, where executing computation task is carried out over multiple channel coherence times. In order to make an accurate decision on the task offloading process performed over multiple channel coherence times, we utilize the model-free reinforcement learning, since environment dynamics of the system, channel transition probabilities, is challenging to estimate. We formulate a problem of minimizing the total delay of executing computation task based on a Markov decision process (MDP). In order to solve the MDP problem, we develop a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme. |
12,040 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Adaptive Controller for Output-Synchronization of Networked Strict Feedback Systems with Dead-Zone Nonlinearity with Application in the Voltage Equalization Control of Ultra-Capacitor Type Power Source, and key words: Electrical engineering, Electric potential, Backstepping, Adaptive systems, Laplace equations, Graph theory, Topology. Abstract: In this paper, distributed robust adaptive backstepping control algorithm is developed for the output synchronization of multiple strict feedback systems with dead-zone nonlinearity. No knowledge could be assumed on the dead-zone for the design and implementation of controller and also the unknown system parameters. By combining graph theory with backstepping method, a distributed controller is designed for each agent recursively in order to make its output synchronized with the output of its neighbors, meanwhile, the overall system maintains bounded. It is proven that the output of all agents in the network could be synchronized when we connects the undirected graph, i.e., cooperative output synchronization of the network can be realized. The voltage equalization control of ultra-capacitor is presented as a numerical example to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. |
12,041 | Please write an abstract with title: TTL routing for VoIP congestion reduction, and key words: Routing, Internet telephony, Delay, Jitter, TCPIP, Switching circuits, Protocols, Packet switching, Bandwidth, Multimedia communication. Abstract: The flexibility and widespread availability of Internet has added an additional service: voice. Voice over IP attempts to deliver voice over the Internet protocol (IP). The main drawback of VoIP is the unpredictable performance of IP networks. Since voice traffic is real-time, voice packets need to be delivered before a certain deadline. We propose a routing strategy based on this observation. |
12,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning for the Multi-user MIMO-NOMA System, and key words: Silicon carbide, Interference, NOMA, Training, Receivers, Biological neural networks, Deep learning. Abstract: Traditional non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) applies the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) approach to decode the signal superimposed by different users, which is over dependent on the precise of the parameter estimation. To overcome this shortcoming, a new receiver structure for multi-user MIMO-NOMA systems based on deep learning (DL) is proposed, which can restore the transmitted signal from the received signal. In order to speed the convergence of the DL, one new hybrid algorithm and structure of DL and zero-forcing (ZF)/ match-filter (MF) is proposed. The simulation results represent that the simple ZF/MF algorithm can speed the convergence and improve the system performance on the basis of original neural networks. |
12,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Compiler Bug Isolation via Memoized Search, and key words: Program processors, Computer bugs, Reinforcement learning, Debugging, Transforms, Software systems, Open source software. Abstract: Compiler bugs can be disastrous since they could affect all the software systems built on the buggy compilers. Meanwhile, diagnosing compiler bugs is extremely challenging since usually limited debugging information is available and a large number of compiler files can be suspicious. More specifically, when compiling a given bug-triggering test program, hundreds of compiler files are usually involved, and can all be treated as suspicious buggy files. To facilitate compiler debugging, in this paper we propose the first reinforcement compiler bug isolation approach via structural mutation, called RecBi. For a given bug-triggering test program, RecBi first augments traditional local mutation operators with structural ones to transform it into a set of passing test programs. Since not all the passing test programs can help isolate compiler bugs effectively, RecBi further leverages reinforcement learning to intelligently guide the process of passing test program generation. Then, RecBi ranks all the suspicious files by analyzing the compiler execution traces of the generated passing test programs and the given failing test program following the practice of compiler bug isolation. The experimental results on 120 real bugs from two most popular C open-source compilers, i.e., GCC and LLVM, show that RecBi is able to isolate about 23%/58%/78% bugs within Top-l/Top-5/Top-10 compiler files, and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art compiler bug isolation approach by improving 92.86%/55.56%/25.68% isolation effectiveness in terms of Top-l/Top-5/Top-10 results. |
12,044 | Please write an abstract with title: A Machine Learning-Assisted Surrogate Model for Refractivity Structure Constant against Altitude, and key words: Training, Electromagnetic scattering, Refractive index, Training data, Gaussian processes, Predictive models, Propagation losses. Abstract: An accurate surrogate model for the refractivity structure constant against altitude is presented. The surrogate model is based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and makes it possible to accurately predict the values of refractivity structure constant at different altitudes even when the measurement data is scarce. A measurement dataset containing 46 measurement data is divided into a training dataset and a test dataset with different proportions to verify the performance of the proposed method. Results show that when the ratio of training data to test data is 1:1, the predictive root mean squared error (RMSE) of GPR is 0.055. In the worst case, i.e., the ratio of training data to test data is 1:5, the predictive RMSE is 0.233. These fully verify the practicability of our proposed method. |
12,045 | Please write an abstract with title: A beam-through algorithm to compute multiple sequence alignment, and key words: Sequences, Structural beams, Phylogeny, Machine learning algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis, Information science, Proteins, Performance evaluation, Frequency, Process design. Abstract: This paper discusses a new approach beam-through alignment (BTA) to multiple sequence alignment. With the beam sources given by using pairwise alignment, BTA detects the possible channel for specific beam source, and arrange most similar segments in common columns to form a beam for the current beam source. Then use already found beams as cut points to divide sequences to several parts for further alignment recursively. By split the least beam passed sequence step by step, BTA constructs a phylogenetic tree. |
12,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory tracking control for WMR in the presence of slip, uncertainty and disturbance based on adaptive sliding mode approach, and key words: Asymptotic stability, Adaptation models, Uncertain systems, Uncertainty, Trajectory tracking, Stability analysis, Trajectory. Abstract: The wheels’ slipping of wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in real environment is undeniable. In order to control this phenomenon, in this article an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) is designed for WMR in order to track the desired trajectory by considering longitudinal slipping. The dynamic model of WMR with slipping parameters, uncertainties and disturbances is derived. In order to compensate these parameters, the proposed ASMC is used. Asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved by choosing the appropriate Lyapunov function. The proposed approach is verified with adaptive control method and sliding mode control. Results show that the speed of trajectory tracking and converging to zero of the errors for the proposed method is faster than adaptive and SMC method. |
12,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint manifold distance: a new approach to appearance based clustering, and key words: Motion pictures, Face detection, Photometry, Manifolds, Optimization methods, Robots, Nonlinear distortion, Distortion measurement, Home computing, Numerical analysis. Abstract: We wish to match sets of images to sets of images where both sets are undergoing various distortions such as viewpoint and lighting changes. To this end we have developed a joint manifold distance (JMD) which measures the distance between two subspaces, where each subspace is invariant to a desired group of transformations, for example affine warping of the image plane. The JMD may be seen as generalizing invariant distance metrics such as tangent distance in two important ways. First, formally representing priors on the image distribution avoids certain difficulties, which in previous work have required ad-hoc correction. The second contribution is the observation that previous distances have been computed using what amounted to "home-grown" nonlinear optimizers, and that more reliable results can be obtained by using generic optimizers which have been developed in the numerical analysis community, and which automatically set the parameters which home-grown methods must set by art. The JMD is used in this work to cluster faces in video. Sets of faces detected in contiguous frames define the subspaces, and distance between the subspaces is computed using JMD. In this way the principal cast of a movie can be 'discovered' as the principal clusters. We demonstrate the method on a feature-length movie. |
12,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking the Processing of Aircraft Tracks with Triples Mode and Self-Scheduling, and key words: Analytical models, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, High performance computing, Benchmark testing, Regulation, Risk analysis. Abstract: As unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) continue to integrate into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS), there is a need to quantify the risk of airborne collisions between unmanned and manned aircraft to support regulation and standards development. Developing and certifying collision avoidance systems often rely on the extensive use of Monte Carlo collision risk analysis simulations using probabilistic models of aircraft flight. To train these models, high performance computing resources are required. We've prototyped a high performance computing workflow designed and deployed on the Lincoln Laboratory Supercomputing Center to process billions of observations of aircraft. However, the prototype has various computational and storage bottlenecks that limited rapid or more comprehensive analyses and models. In response, we’ve developed a novel workflow to take advantage of various job launch and task distribution technologies to improve performance. The workflow was benchmarked using two datasets of observations of aircraft, including a new dataset focused on the environment around aerodromes. Optimizing how the workflow was parallelized drastically reduced the execution time from weeks to days. |
12,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Directional Early-to-Late Energy Ratios to Quantify Clarity: A Case Study in a Large Auditorium, and key words: Measurement, Location awareness, Three-dimensional displays, Music, Receivers, Tools, Reflection. Abstract: Early-to-late energy ratios (ELER) are used to quantity speech intelligibility and music clarity in acoustic spaces from measurements of omnidirectional room impulse responses (RIR). Nowadays, the capture of directional RIRs is possible with spherical microphone arrays and the spherical Fourier transform. These tools are thus motivating the enhancement of omnidirectional metrics and the search for new metrics to quantity directional features of sound. This research explores a directional metric of intelligibility and clarity based on ELERs of directional RIRs. The early-to-late transition times are chosen according to the content: 50 ms for speech and 80 ms for music. The proposed metrics can therefore be interpreted as directional versions of the standard clarity indexes of speech (C50) and music (C80). Directional RIRs were captured at many seats in a large auditorium using a first-order ambisonics microphone. Supporting acoustic simulations of a cuboid room with a second-order ambisonics microphone were also used. Directional ELERs were calculated in the octave bands within the operation range of the microphones. Three directional ELER patterns were identified: an omnidirectional pattern, a dipole pointing forward and backward, and a beam pointing towards the source. |
12,050 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust learning model of wind turbine power curve based on operational data, and key words: Analytical models, Adaptation models, Wind speed, Neural networks, Fitting, Data models, Cleaning. Abstract: The power curve of a wind turbine is an important performance indicator to characterize the operating status of the turbine, and plays an important role in the control, maintenance and management of wind farms. However, due to the influence of abnormal data and power-limited data, the power curve built directly on the original data will greatly deviate from the normal power curve, resulting in huge errors in actual use. The traditional approach is to clean the wind speed-power data before fitting the power curve, but the data cleaning algorithm is often inefficient and prone to over-cleaning. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust learning model for wind turbine power curves, which directly builds power curves on top of abnormal and power-limited data to significantly improve the efficiency of power curve modeling. Firstly, various parametric methods such as and non-parametric methods are used to fit the power curve, and the influence of abnormal data on the accuracy of the fitted curve is analyzed; secondly, the role of robustness of the loss function in BP neural network model training is analyzed, and changing the loss function to improve the accuracy of the fitted curve of the neural network is proposed; finally, model evaluation criteria are established, and by comparing with a variety of commonly used power curve fitting methods, the proposed The proposed robust power curve fitting model takes longer time but has obvious advantages of fitting effect, and shows its better adaptability. |
12,051 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Six-Phase FSCW Layout for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators, and key words: phase, six-phase, pm wind generator, fault tolerant, eddy current loss, torque quality. Abstract: This paper proposes a new non-overlapped six-phase Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) layout for a Permanent Magnet (PM) synchronous wind generator with an outer rotor and surface mounted magnets. The proposed FSCW layout is originally an asymmetrical nine-phase winding where the nine phases are connected with a special connection as to provide an equivalent stator winding with six terminals only. The proposed winding successfully offers a high torque and voltage qualities with a low cogging torque. Besides, the stator and rotor core losses are reduced when compared with a three-phase counterpart. Finally, the high phase order of the proposed generator provides a better fault tolerant generator design. A 100kW PM generator with an outer rotor based on the proposed winding layout is designed and simulated using 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). |
12,052 | Please write an abstract with title: Longitudinal Analysis of Mild Cognitive Impairment via Sparse Smooth Network and Attention-Based Stacked Bi-Directional Long-Short Term Memory, and key words: Feature extraction, Machine learning, Brain modeling, Logic gates, Dementia, Smoothing methods. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common irreversible neurodegenerative disease among elderlies. To identify the early stage of AD (i.e., mild cognitive impairment, MCI), many recent studies in the literature use only a single time point and ignore the conducive multi-time points information. Therefore, we propose a novel method that combines multi-time sparse smooth network with long short-term memory (LSTM) network to identify early and late MCIs from multi-time points of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Specifically, we first construct the sparse smooth brain network from rs-fMRI data at different time-points, then an attention based stacked bidirectional LSTM is used to extract features and analyze them longitudinally. Finally, we classify them using Softmax classifier. The proposed method is evaluated on the public Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Phase II (ADNI-2) database and demonstrates the impressive erformance compared with the state-of-the-art methods. |
12,053 | Please write an abstract with title: PIaFFE: A Place-as-you-go In-network Framework for Flexible Embedding of VNFs, and key words: Hardware, Program processors, Servers, Computer languages, Prototypes, Switches, Bandwidth. Abstract: Network Function Virtualization (NFV) ambitiously aims at shifting functionalities from proprietary hardware to commodity servers as well as providing a common platform for the consolidation of network management. In practice, however, network architects have not massively subscribed to NFV so far. One possible reason for the slow adoption of NFV is the trade-off between commoditization and end-to-end performance in core networks. On the other hand, the ever-increasing disparity between bandwidth requirements and computing power is already pushing network architects toward NFV. By using innetworking processors to co-execute parts of tenant's applications in the cloud, it is possible to offload packet processing tasks. We can also save end-host server CPU cores, while achieving lower latency for service requests. However, applications with an in-networking processor bring two main challenges: flexible programmability and manageable offloading constraints. This work proposes PIaFFE: a framework that uses P4 language for decomposing and deploying Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) into small embedded Network Functions (eNFs) on in-network processors. Our key contribution is allowing the correct balance between hardware capabilities from a programmable NIC, and the flexibility of traditional VNFs on vCPUs. It is only made possible by a novel multi-level chaining scheme in PIaFFE. An experimental use case focuses on the chaining of three eNFs and multi-tenant ready hypervisor, where the percentage of packet processing sharing with a VNF is varied for one of them. As a result, the appropriate offload factor can be found for different traffic conditions for either maximum throughput or minimum latency. |
12,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Removing of blocking artefacts using error-compensation interpolation and fast adaptive spatial-varying filtering, and key words: Interpolation, Image coding, Filtering, Image edge detection, Adaptive filters, Discrete cosine transforms, Transform coding, Low pass filters, Image enhancement, Image reconstruction. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a very effective method for removing blocking artefacts that are typically introduced by a block-based coding. The method combines an error-compensation interpolation and an adaptive spatial-varying filtering (SVF). Without destroying most key image information, the proposed method uses different filtering processes based on a simple region classification. It is observed that, compared with the coded image, this proposed scheme not only increases the resulting PSNR, but also significantly improves the visual quality. In addition, the gains (subjective and objective) that are achieved with our method are comparable to or slightly better than several other de-blocking schemes recently reported in literatures. |
12,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Land Cover Classification Using ICESat-2 Photon Counting Data and Landsat 8 OLI Data: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China, and key words: Remote sensing, Photonics, Feature extraction, Earth, Artificial satellites, Correlation, Random forests. Abstract: Land cover classification is important for effectively protecting and developing land resources. This study investigates the joint use of the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data in land cover classification with random forest (RF) in Yunnan province, China, to explore the application potential of photon counting light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in land cover classification. The contributions of this letter are: 1) the joint use of ICESat-2 and Landsat 8 image datasets can provide better land cover classification accuracy, achieving 10% and 3% accuracy gains for five types (forest/low-vegetation/water/construction-land/barren) and four types (vegetation/water/construction-land/barren)of land cover, respectively; 2) the proposed feature selection improves the overall accuracy by 1.5% and 1% for five and four land cover types, respectively; 3) the accuracy of the land cover classification reached 82% and 98% for five and four types of land cover; and 4) the terrain factors, the number of canopy photons, and solar conditions significantly impact land cover classification for a complex terrain area. |
12,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-High Step-Up DC-DC Converters Based on Center-Tapped Inductors, and key words: Inductors, Switches, Voltage, DC-DC power converters, Capacitors, High-voltage techniques, Stress. Abstract: In this paper, a new family of ultra-high step-up DC-DC converters based on a center-tapped coupled inductor (CI) is proposed. These single-switch converters employ different inductive and capacitive power transfer techniques by utilizing multi-winding CIs, intermediate capacitor links and simple switched-capacitors to improve the transferred power rate, harvest magnetizing and leakage inductance energies, and enhance power density. Achieving high voltage gain in low duty cycle values enables the proposed converters to operate under wide output voltage ranges; meanwhile, distributing the output voltage on two or three output ports alleviates the voltage stress on output terminal components. Low input current ripple, simple pulse width modulation control, low switch voltage stress and operation without circulating current can be listed as other features. In this paper, the proposed family is introduced, theoretically analyzed and compared with other state-of-the-art researches. Finally, the accuracy of analyses are evaluated with some experimental tests of a 1.25 kW experimental prototype. |
12,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Bidirectional Microwave Repeater for Obstacle Detection Radar in Guided Ground Transportation, and key words: Repeaters, Radar detection, Land transportation, Radar tracking, Frequency, Rail transportation, Radar imaging, Surface waves, Attenuation, Bandwidth. Abstract: A solid-state microwave bidirectional repeater designed for use in a guided RADAR system is described. The RADAR is meant for detecting obstacles lying along the tracks in guided ground transportation systems. An echo-cancellation scheme is proposed for reducing the effect of reflections from impedance mismatches at repeater ports. |
12,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Photo effect based avalanche multiplication measurement in highly scaled SiGe HBTs, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Measurement techniques, Current measurement, Microelectronics, Current density, Circuits, Voltage, Virtual colonoscopy. Abstract: A new photo effect based technique for measuring the avalanche multiplication factor (M - 1) is proposed. The technique enables M - 1 measurement at high operating current densities required for high speed operation, where conventional techniques fail because of self-heating. Using the proposed technique, M - 1 was measured up to 24 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ on SiGe HBTs featuring 120 GHz peak f/sub T/. Implications for circuit applications are also discussed. |
12,059 | Please write an abstract with title: A VR toolkit for the diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial infarctions, and key words: Virtual reality, Myocardium, Electrocardiography, Standards development, Heart, Patient monitoring, Software systems, Software standards, Pathology, System testing. Abstract: We have developed a software system that takes standard electrocardiogram (ECG) input and interprets this input along with user-defined and automatically defined markers to diagnose myocardial infarctions (MI). These pathologies are then automatically represented within a volumetric model of the heart. Over a period of six months 30 patients were monitored using a digital ECG system and this information was used to test and develop our system. It was found that the STEMIs (ST segment Elevation MI) were successfully diagnosed, however NSTEMIs (Non-STEMI), although correctly interpreted, were more ambiguous due to the fact that T wave inversions are sometimes seen on normal ECGs. Control ECGs of normal hearts were also taken. The system correctly interpreted this data as being normal. A standard voxel-count metric was developed so that future work in MI monitoring will be possible. The toolkit was found to be beneficial for three possible uses, as a diagnostic tool for clinicians, as a teaching tool for students and also as an information tool for the patient. |
12,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Enriching ImageNet with Human Similarity Judgments and Psychological Embeddings, and key words: Measurement, Computer vision, Supervised learning, Semantics, Psychology, Focusing, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Advances in supervised learning approaches to object recognition flourished in part because of the availability of high-quality datasets and associated benchmarks. However, these benchmarks—such as ILSVRC—are relatively task-specific, focusing predominately on predicting class labels. We introduce a publicly-available dataset that embodies the task-general capabilities of human perception and reasoning. The Human Similarity Judgments extension to ImageNet (ImageNet-HSJ) is composed of a large set of human similarity judgments that supplements the existing ILSVRC validation set. The new dataset supports a range of task and performance metrics, including evaluation of unsupervised algorithms. We demonstrate two methods of assessment: using the similarity judgments directly and using a psychological embedding trained on the similarity judgments. This embedding space contains an order of magnitude more points (i.e., images) than previous efforts based on human judgments. We were able to scale to the full 50,000 image ILSVRC validation set through a selective sampling process that used variational Bayesian inference and model ensembles to sample aspects of the embedding space that were most uncertain. To demonstrate the utility of ImageNet-HSJ, we used the similarity ratings and the embedding space to evaluate how well several popular models conform to human similarity judgments. One finding is that the more complex models that perform better on task-specific benchmarks do not better conform to human semantic judgments. In addition to the human similarity judgments, pre-trained psychological embeddings and code for inferring variational embeddings are made publicly available. ImageNet-HSJ supports the appraisal of internal representations and the development of more humanlike models. |
12,061 | Please write an abstract with title: Security & Safety by Model-based Requirements Engineering, and key words: Security, Solid modeling, Stakeholders, Hazards, Storms, Requirements engineering. Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPS), like autonomous vehicles, are intelligent and networked. The development of such systems requires interdisciplinary cooperation between different stakeholders. A lack of system understanding between stakeholders can lead to unidentified security threats & safety hazards in requirements engineering, resulting in high costs in product development. In particular, a lack of an integrative consideration of security threats & safety hazards can compromise safety compliance for CPS. Model-based requirements engineering (MBRE) improves the understanding of systems between stakeholders by additionally creating supporting models to system requirements. However, MBRE approaches only partially address security threats & safety hazards. In particular, their integrative consideration is not taken into account. Established security & safety approaches are either only applicable to specific disciplines or only partially consider security threats & safety hazards. Overall, existing approaches do not fully cover the MBRE process. In the context of this paper, the results of three scientific papers are consolidated with the aim to create a basis for a holistic MBRE approach, which considers security threats & safety hazards integratively. In each of the papers, sub-criteria of the holistic MBRE approach are presented. Furthermore, elaborated and planned tools for the individual process steps are presented. |
12,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of artificial intelligence in clothing intelligence manufacturing, and key words: Information science, Roads, Clothing, Computer applications, Solids, Manufacturing, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: At present, the rapid development of science and technology in China not only provides solid scientific and technological support for the development of various intelligent technology products, but also opens up a new road for intelligent clothing manufacturing. Many aspects of artificial intelligence, such as industrial chain and computer application, can make a contribution to clothing intelligent manufacturing. This paper first introduces the relevant information of artificial intelligence, then explains the specific application direction of artificial intelligence in clothing intelligence manufacturing, and finally looks forward to its application prospects. |
12,063 | Please write an abstract with title: 7 W average power second harmonic generation of quasi-CW Yb source in MgO-doped stoichiometric PPLT, and key words: Frequency conversion, Optical harmonic generation, Ultrafast optics, Photorefractive effect, Laser beams, Optical materials, Photorefractive materials, Fiber nonlinear optics, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Optical pumping. Abstract: Application of stoichiometric MgO:PPLT to single-pass, 57%-efficient, 7.05 W average-power SHG of a quasi-CW, single-mode Yb-doped fiber source is demonstrated. Peak-power-density control, reduced photorefraction and nonlinear absorption of sPPLT resulted in near diffraction-limited SH beam quality. |
12,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Frugal Innovation in SMEs: Challenges and Opportunities of Doing More With Less Strategy, and key words: Technological innovation, Systematics, Engineering management, Bibliographies, Asia, Developing countries, Sustainable development. Abstract: The concept of frugal innovation (FI) has many positive sides such as how to provide customers with value-added and affordable solutions. Sustainability as one of the opportunities of FI can be created but the negative sides as challenges and positive sides as opportunities have not been explored much. This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities of FI that will be faced by Small, Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. A systematic literature review was used to address the gap. Therefore, it is important to develop a balanced knowledge of the topic based on a comparative perspective to gain a holistic understanding of frugal innovation. First, it points out the understanding of FI, overlapping concepts, and FI in SMEs. Second, it identifies the main challenges and opportunities of FI. |
12,065 | Please write an abstract with title: Investment Cost Forecasting for Low Carbon Power System Planning Considering Technical Progress and Scale Effect, and key words: Costs, Investment, Forecasting, Carbon dioxide, Predictive models, Modeling, Wind power generation, Low carbon economy. Abstract: Low carbon power system with high penetration of clean energy is an effective way to realize the carbon emission target. Long term power system planning should consider both technical constraints and reasonable investment cost forecasting. For reasonable investment cost forecasting in long term, the effect on investment cost by technical progress and scale effect should be taken into consideration both. Investment cost can affect the planning results of installed capacity, while installed capacity affects the investment cost forecasting result mutually. There is no paper that takes technical effect into investment cost forecasting or analyzes the mutual effect between planned installed capacity and investment cost forecasting. Technical progress can be quantified by TRL (Technical Readiness Level) while scale effect can be quantified by installed capacity. The novelty of this paper is proposing the 3D curve function which qualified the relationship between investment cost and technical progress & installed capacities for the first time to realize investment forecasting in long term. And the 3D curve is combined with the GESTP model by feedback the forecasting investment cost to power system planning which reveals the mutual effect between installed capacity planning and investment cost forecasting for the first time. The study case indicates that accelerating of technical progress will decrease the investment cost and increase the installed capacity of this technology and affect other technologies with interaction in the whole power system. |
12,066 | Please write an abstract with title: E/sup 2/WFQ: an energy efficient fair scheduling policy for wireless systems, and key words: Scheduling algorithm, Energy management, Radio spectrum management, Power system management, Embedded system, Research and development management, Embedded computing, Energy efficiency, Radio control, Communication system control. Abstract: As embedded systems are being networked, often wirelessly, an increasingly larger share of their total energy budget is due to the communication. This necessitates the development of power management techniques that address communication subsystems, such as radios, as opposed to computation subsystems, such as embedded processors, to which most of the research effort thus far has been devoted. In this paper, we present E/sup 2/WFQ, an energy efficient version of the weighted fair queuing (WFQ) algorithm for packet scheduling in communication systems. We employ a recently proposed radio power management technique, dynamic modulation scaling (DMS), as a control knob to enable energy-latency tradeoffs during wireless packet scheduling. The use of E/sup 2/WFQ results in an energy aware packet scheduler, which exploits the statistics of the input arrival pattern as well as the variability in packet lengths. Simulation results show that large savings in energy consumption can be obtained through the use of our scheduling scheme, compared to conventional WFQ, with only a small, bounded increase in worst case packet latency. |
12,067 | Please write an abstract with title: GXP : An Interactive Shell for the Grid Environment, and key words: Application software, Large-scale systems, Local area networks, Testing, Debugging, Monitoring, Distributed computing, Writing, Network address translation, Delay. Abstract: We describe GXP, a shell for distributed multi-cluster environments. With GXP, users can quickly submit a command to many nodes simultaneously (approximately 600 milliseconds on over 300 nodes spread across five local-area networks). It therefore brings an interactive and instantaneous response to many cluster/network operations, such as trouble diagnosis, parallel program invocation, installation and deployment, testing and debugging, monitoring, and dead process cleanup. It features (1) a very fast parallel (simultaneous) command submission, (2) parallel pipes (pipes between local command and all parallel commands), and (3) a flexible and efficient method to interactively select a subset of nodes to execute subsequent commands on. It is very easy to start using GXP, because it is designed not to require cumbersome per-node setup and installation and to depend only on a very small number of pre-installed tools and nothing else. We describe how GXP achieves these features and demonstrate through examples how they make many otherwise boring and error-prone tasks simple, efficient, and fun |
12,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact for Radiated Noise by Current Smoothness with Bare SiC MOSFET and Si RC-IGBT Chips, and key words: Wavelet transforms, MOSFET, Electric potential, Silicon carbide, Electromagnetic scattering, Switches, Electromagnetic compatibility. Abstract: Power device structures have been improved to shrink area of chip and to reduce power loss. The switching speed has continued increasing to reduce switching loss, and electromagnetic noise also has been increasing and shifting to higher frequency. It is important to reduce generation of noise for establishing proper operation of power converters or inverters for motor control, thus simple switching behavior should be reconsidered anew. This report describes the relationship between switching behavior and intensity of the electric field at an antenna using electromagnetic potential and wavelet transform with switching data measured by extended double pulse test for bare SiC MOSFETs and Si RC-IGBTs. |
12,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Device Waiter using AI image and Voice Recognition with an IPS Navigation System, and key words: Face recognition, Speech recognition, Companies, Robot sensing systems, Artificial intelligence, Task analysis, Robots. Abstract: “Jemma” is a smart waiter designed with AI to serve different types of drinks on many occasions and precisely in work offices. It is an innovative solution that helps people and employees get different drinks effortlessly while spending hours working without consuming any liquids. It mainly incorporates the head which hosts a camera for face recognition, and voice projection. It has a built in AI system to recognize the faces and voices of prospective employees at a company or any other group of people requiring targeted services. The body contains the serving machine and a touch screen for ordering beverages. Finally, the base is mainly responsible for the autonomous mobility between offices with an enhanced smart obstacle avoidance mechanism embedded on Raspberry Pi. “Jemma” can function in two ways, remotely which can be controlled by Wi-Fi using mobile app, or automatically, using smart internal positioning system. This project entails a full creative package that incorporates communication and hardware to assist people. |
12,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal transmission strategy for multiple antenna systems with uninformed transmitter and correlation, and key words: Transmitting antennas, Transmitters, Covariance matrix, Minimax techniques, MIMO, Mutual information, Mobile antennas, Fading, Roentgenium, Robustness. Abstract: This paper explains how the mobile with multiple antennas transmit if it has absolutely no channel state information but the channel is correlated in some way. This leads to a two-player game in which the transmit player wants to maximize the mutual information of the open-loop MISO system while the correlation player minimizes this quantity. At a first guess, one would say that if the transmit array has no idea of the channel state and the correlation it performs equal power allocation in all directions. Depending on the objective function this intuitive belief is true or false. We show that if the objective function is the average mutual information, the belief can be justified. We study the minimax programming problem and show that it does not fulfill the saddle-point property. However, the most robust transmit strategy is shown to be equal power allocation. This theoretical result is illustrated and discussed. Finally, we present an extension to the multiple-input multiple-output case and solve the corresponding minmax and maxmin programming problems. For small SNR values, the minimax problem does not fulfill the saddle-point property as in the single-receive antenna scenario. We discuss the similarities and differences between the MISO and MIMO case. |
12,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Ubiquitous computing with service adaptation using peer-to-peer communication framework, and key words: Ubiquitous computing, Peer to peer computing, Home appliances, Packaging, Laboratories, Computer network management, Engineering management, Information science, Mobile computing, Wireless networks. Abstract: Mobile devices and wireless network infrastructures will be leading users to seamlessly use peer-to-peer services and ubiquitous computing by the growing of the infrastructures. In order to realize to use peer-to-peer services and ubiquitous services seamlessly, a new framework that enables users to use peer-to-peer services and ubiquitous computing is required. Hence, this paper describes a new ubiquitous computing framework, called VPC on KODAMA, using a peer-to-peer mechanism. Virtual Private Community (VPC) is an execution environment for peer-to-peer services, and provides a framework for definition of peer-to-peer services. Peer-to-peer services in VPC are defined as policy packages that have necessary elements to provide the services. Peer-to-peer services are offered in communities by collaboration among roles that are assigned to users. KODMA provides a network infrastructure for agents. Agents in KODAMA have their own community, and represent the communities. Communities have a hierarchy structure by agents residing in other agent's communities. Agents have message filtering policy, and refuse messages that are against the policy. By unifying VPC and KODAMA, a new framework that enables services to define roles and their behavior and to manage logical relationship among communities is provided. VPC on KODAMA enables users to use peer-to-peer services and appliances seamlessly with their mobile devices. |
12,072 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive management of salmon aquaculture in British Columbia, and key words: Aquaculture, Environmental management, Uncertainty, Decision support systems, Knowledge management, Lakes, Industrial economics, Environmental economics, US Government, Mathematics. Abstract: Since the 1980s, disputes over the future of the aquaculture industry in British Columbia, Canada have reflected ecological complexities as well as uncertainties about the social, economic, and environmental consequences of alternative management decisions. In this research, the passive adaptive management approach is proposed to systematically address salmon aquaculture conflicts in British Columbia under uncertainty. The decision support system GMCR II, which is designed to analyze multiple-stakeholder disputes even in the face of high uncertainty, is employed within a passive management framework to identify better decisions using the graph model methodology. The analysis highlights two approaches to adaptive management as well as two ways of handling disagreements among stakeholders. |
12,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Quadratic soliton bouncing in transverse non-uniform QPM structures, and key words: Solitons, Optical reflection, Diffraction, Optical pulses, Space vector pulse width modulation, Tunneling, Numerical models, Laser transitions, Power lasers. Abstract: We investigated soliton reflection in a non-uniform PPLN structure at 1064 nm. The efficiency and the dependence of this phenomenon on the intensity, the phase-mismatch and the input angle were studied |
12,074 | Please write an abstract with title: DiaRet: A Browser-Based Application for the Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy with Integrated Gradients, and key words: Training, Retinopathy, Medical services, Manuals, Predictive models, Retina, Distortion. Abstract: Patients with long-standing diabetes often fall prey to Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) resulting in changes in the retina of the human eye, which may lead to loss of vision in extreme cases. The aim of this study is two-fold: (a) create deep learning models that were trained to grade degraded retinal fundus images and (b) to create a browser-based application that will aid in diagnostic procedures by highlighting the key features of the fundus image. In this research work, we have emulated the images plagued by distortions by degrading the images based on multiple different combinations of Light Transmission Disturbance, Image Blurring and insertion of Retinal Artifacts. InceptionV3, ResNet-50 and InceptionResNetV2 were trained and used to classify retinal fundus images based on their severity level and then further used in the creation of a browser-based application, which implements the Integration Gradient (IG) Attribution Mask on the input image and demonstrates the predictions made by the model and the probability associated with each class. |
12,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Satisfaction of Using Google Classroom to Teach Japanese for Communication Course, and key words: Data analysis, Distance learning, Instruments, Internet, Standards, Business. Abstract: The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the satisfaction of using Google Classroom in Japanese for Communication course, and 2) to study supplementary suggestions from respondents. The research samples were 250 first year students who enrolled Communication in Japanese 1 course in 2021 academic year derive through Simple Random Sampling technique. The instruments used for collecting the data were the rating-scale and open-ended questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and content analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study were significantly presented that the respondents had the highest satisfaction of using Google Classroom in Japanese for Communication 1 course. The additional suggestions were as Google Classroom was the effective medium of online teaching learning as it supported the online communication between teachers and students. The activities provided in the Google Classroom were various and enhanced students’ self-learning. |
12,076 | Please write an abstract with title: Approximation in non-product form multiple queue systems, and key words: Size measurement, Entropy, Queueing analysis, Algebra, Time measurement, Delay, Distributed computing, Costs, Performance analysis, Steady-state. Abstract: In this paper a class of finite length Markovian queueing models is studied that, in general, does not exhibit a product form solution. Good approximations can be derived for the marginal queue size distributions in this case, and hence measures such as the average response time can be calculated. However, because no product form exists, expressions for the joint queue size distribution are much more costly to derive, hence many performance measures of interest cannot be easily computed. An approximation for the joint queue size distributions is explored here, which improves on a naive product form assumption by considering various boundary cases. This approximation is explored numerically by example. |
12,077 | Please write an abstract with title: A Semi-dense Visual Odometery Based on 3D Scene Flow, and key words: Cameras, Visualization, Motion segmentation, Dynamics, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Service robots, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of how to accurately locate the intelligent industrial robots in an indoor dynamic environment, a direct method of semi-dense visual odometery algorithm based on 3D scene flow is proposed. It divides the scene into static parts and dynamic parts. The static part is used to solve the camera motion, and the dynamic part is used to estimate the scene flow of the moving object. By using the inverse depth instead of the depth of the geometric error to parameterize the geometric error and optimize both the photometric error and the geometric error at the same time, it provides a better fit for the geometric error distribution and the optimization function. In the comparison of some mainstream visual odometry methods, the experimental results under different standard data sets show that, under indoor dynamic environment, the algorithm can more accurately estimate the pose of intelligent industrial robots in real time and improve the robustness of the system. |
12,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral factorization and quarter-plane digital filters, and key words: Digital filters, Polynomials, IIR filters, Finite impulse response filter, Matched filters, Transfer functions, Smoothing methods, Convergence, Visualization. Abstract: Two sets of necessary conditions are derived for the existence of a rational spectral factorization of a given rational function of two complex variables: partial converses of these results are given, and the implications of these conditions for the design of minimum-phase FIR filters and stable IIR filters are discussed. In particular, it is shown that these conditions are closely related to the difficulties encountered in the stabilization problem for two-dimensional IIR filters. |
12,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Scalar Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motor With Optimal Efficiency by MTPA Control, and key words: Mathematical model, Reactive power, Steady-state, Reluctance motors, Torque, Soft magnetic materials, Control systems. Abstract: In order to achieve improved performance and efficiency of domestic and industrial fan/pump applications using low-cost solutions, the synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) remains a better choice than induction motors (IMs) which are still widely used for such applications despite its low efficiency during low speed operation. However, due to the lack of self-start capability the SynRMs need external drive and speed control algorithm to properly operate, which increases the production cost. For the purpose of providing low cost solutions for the SynRMs speed control, this paper presents a stable, reliable and robust scalar control for SynRMs. This control strategy implements the maximum torque per ampere loop for high efficiency operation and online parameter estimation for robust performance. The proposed solution presented in this paper can be implemented using a low cost MCU in PWM inverter with lower carrier frequency, thereby making the low cost SynRM drive for fan/pump application feasible and practical. |
12,080 | Please write an abstract with title: The Atlas Benchmark: an Automated Evaluation Framework for Human Motion Prediction, and key words: Autonomous systems, Data preprocessing, Benchmark testing, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Robustness, Trajectory. Abstract: Human motion trajectory prediction, an essential task for autonomous systems in many domains, has been on the rise in recent years. With a multitude of new methods proposed by different communities, the lack of standardized benchmarks and objective comparisons is increasingly becoming a major limitation to assess progress and guide further research. Existing benchmarks are limited in their scope and flexibility to conduct relevant experiments and to account for contextual cues of agents and environments. In this paper we present Atlas, a benchmark to systematically evaluate human motion trajectory prediction algorithms in a unified framework. Atlas offers data preprocessing functions, hyperparameter optimization, comes with popular datasets and has the flexibility to setup and conduct underexplored yet relevant experiments to analyze a method’s accuracy and robustness. In an example application of Atlas, we compare five popular model- and learning-based predictors and find that, when properly applied, early physics-based approaches are still remarkably competitive. Such results confirm the necessity of benchmarks like Atlas. |
12,081 | Please write an abstract with title: RFID for Food Industry 4.0 - Current Trends and Monitoring of Fruit Ripening, and key words: Industries, Food industry, Market research, Reproducibility of results, Sensors, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Monitoring. Abstract: In the last decade, the technology-driven paradigm of Industry 4.0 has emerged as a game-changer also for the food industry. RFID can enable multiple new devices and processes accordingly, especially regarding logistics, sensing, and eco-sustainability. After the introduction of current trends of RFID for food processing and distribution, this contribution describes an ongoing project for fruit ripening monitoring as a case study for RFID-based sensing of food. The detailed system can monitor avocados at both consumer and stock levels and can estimate the ripening status with an accuracy higher than 85%. |
12,082 | Please write an abstract with title: On static WCET analysis vs. run-time monitoring of execution time, and key words: Runtime, Control systems, Real time systems, Quality of service, Timing, Computerized monitoring, Distributed control, Application software, Distributed computing, Quality management. Abstract: Summary form only given. Dynamic, distributed, real-time control systems control a widely varying environment, are made up of application programs that are dispersed among loosely-coupled computers, and must control the environment in a timely manner. The environment determines the number of threats; thus, it is difficult to determine the range of the workload at design time using static worst-case execution time analysis. While a system is lightly loaded, it is wasteful to reserve resources for the heaviest load. Likewise, it is also possible that the load will increase higher than the assumed worst case. A system that has a preset number of resources reserved to it is no longer guaranteed to meet its deadlines under such conditions. In order to ensure that such applications meet their real-time requirements, a mechanism is required to monitor and maintain the real-time quality of service (QoS): a QoS manager, which monitors the processing timing (latency) and resource usage of a distributed real-time system, forecasts, detects and diagnoses violations of the timing constraints, and requests more or fewer resources to maintain the desired timing characteristics. To enable better control over the system, the goals are as follows: 1) Gather detailed information about antiair warfare and air-traffic control application domains and employ it in the creation of a distributed real-time sensing and visualization testbed for air-traffic control. 2) Identify mathematical relationships among independent and dependent variables, such as performance and fault tolerance vs. resource usage, and security vs. performance. 3) Uncover new techniques for ensuring performance, fault tolerance, and security by optimizing the variables under the constraints of resource availability and user requirements. |
12,083 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Elimination of Die Attach Defects Occurrence - Optimization of Silver Sinter Curing Profile Using Simultaneous Thermal Analyses, and key words: Curing, Solvents, Microassembly, Optimization, Silver, Thermal analysis, Resins. Abstract: This study aims to utilize Simultaneous Thermal Analysis - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), along with respective differential curves to infer relative data points such as temperature and shape of peaks, duration and percentage of solvent outgassing to design and optimize curing profile with appropriate outgassing and sintering time and temperature, ramp up rate at shortest duration. Using different scan modes; isothermal and dynamic, five different curing profiles were derived and simulated to check thermal responses. The effectiveness of each profile was evaluated through curing of die-attached units and the presence of die bulging and channeling voids were assessed through five-point Bondline Thickness (BLT), SEM and SCAT. It was found out that gradual solvent outgassing at lower temperature and longer time, as well as choosing lower sintering temperature and ramp-up rate could prevent formation of these anomalies. It was also proven that unoptimized curing profile triggers the occurrence and recurrence of die bulging and channeling voids. |
12,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Privacy and Integrity Threats in Contact Tracing Systems and Their Mitigations, and key words: Servers, Privacy, Internet, Mixers, Smart phones, Economic indicators, Terrorism, Pandemics, COVID-19. Abstract: Several countries adopted the Google and Apple exposure notification system (GAEN) to slow the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus down. GAEN promised to guarantee security and privacy through a decentralized approach. In this article, we report several relevant privacy and integrity threats in GAEN, including new attacks. GAEN’s security issues are not inherent risks of contact tracing systems. Indeed, we also propose a system named Pronto-B2, which enjoys a much better resilience with respect to mass surveillance and replay attacks. |
12,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Low intermodulation class-F power amplifier, and key words: Power amplifiers, RLC circuits, Capacitors, OFDM, Resonant frequency, Radio frequency, Spirals, L-band, Thin film inductors, Transistors. Abstract: In this paper the design of a low IM and efficient class-F power amplifier in the L-band is presented. To improve intermodulation and efficiency, termination of the generated 2nd harmonic frequency at the input was investigated and optimized. For optimum termination of the harmonics at the device's input and output a scaleable inductor model to realize inductors with high Q-factors and tight tolerances was developed. Based on DC and small-signal parameter characterization a nonlinear computer model was fitted. To minimize, the amplifier was realized in this film technology. Simulation results are compared to measurement results and show good agreement. |
12,086 | Please write an abstract with title: Extremely scaled fully depleted SOI CMOS, and key words: Silicon on insulator technology, CMOS integrated circuits, Integrated circuit modeling, MOSFETs. Abstract: There is new interest in FD/SOI CMOS because of its potential superior scalability relative to bulk-Si CMOS. Indeed, recent experimental device studies have implied that short-channel effects (SCEs) can be controlled in FD/SOI MOSFETs scaled to L/sub gate/ < 50nm by thinning the SOI-film thickness (t/sub Si/). While series resistance in such scaled devices has been stressed as a significant issue, simultaneous threshold-voltage (V/sub t/) control in both CMOS devices, dependent on gate work functions as well as t/sub Si/ and Si-channel doping density (N/sub CH/), on carrier-energy quantization in thin Si films, and on the SCEs, has not been addressed comprehensively. In this paper, we use numerical device simulations and process-based device circuit simulations to examine this issue, giving insights on FD/SOI CMOS scalability and performance. |
12,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Anomalous Stress Shift of Impurity Lines in Te under High Pressure, and key words: Stress, Impurities, Magnetic fields, Tellurium, Physics, Photoconductivity, Integrated optics. Abstract: For the elementary semiconductor Tellurium the effects of hydrostatic and uniaxial stress are in many aspects complementary. Whereas for hydrostatic pressure the helical chains of the lattice cell are pressed together and slightly expanded along the symmetry axis, for uniaxial stress along this axis holds exactly the opposite. This behaviour is well reflected by the complementary distortion of the electronic energy band states and has been confirmed experimentally by cyclotron resonance experiments [1]. The present study investigates whether the same complementary situation holds also for the shallow impurity system and provides eventually a tool for the still remaining identification of the different impurity transitions. |
12,088 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer thin-film holographic storage-a new approach, and key words: Nonhomogeneous media, Transistors, Holography, Holographic optical components, Optical filters, Optical films, Optical crosstalk, Apertures, Bit error rate, Polarization. Abstract: Optilink has developed and presented a polarization holographic reading writing system using 1-2 /spl mu/m thick storage layer on a card form media. A storage density of 1.3 bit//spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been achieved without multiplexing with sparse code modulation and Fourier-filtering. Because of the use of a thin storage layer, the volume data density is extremely high in the system. Further enhancement of the areal density up to /spl sim/100 bit//spl mu/m/sup 2/ can be achieved in an improved new polarization holographic system using a multilayer media instead of the thin film. A 6f system for reading with a suitable second spatial filter allows separation of the signal from different layers. This technique combines the advantage of the thin film holography with the idea of the confocal filtering. |
12,089 | Please write an abstract with title: 2D/3D ResNet Deep Neural Network for 4G and 5G NR Wireless Channel Estimation, and key words: Wireless Channel Estimation, Deep Neural Network, 4G, 5G New radio, ResNet, ReLU. Abstract: For estimating the MIMO channels for both the uplink and the downlink, we used residual deep neural network. The proposed residual deep neural network (ResNET) channel estimation outperforms the MMSE channel estimation by more than 2 dB under EPA uplink channels and is capable of operating on untrained wireless channels. According to the 3GPP NR release 15 standard, the proposed 3D ResNET channel estimation approach exhibits a 0.5 to 1 dB gap to the ideal channel estimation and a 1 to 1.6 dB gain over MMSE channel estimation for 5G New Radio (NR) physical layer links, including demodulation reference symbols (DM-RS Type 2) and synchronization signal (SS) bursts periodicity (30 ms), DL-SCH transport channel coding modulation and coding scheme 13 (MCS), code rate 490 over 1024 under 15 iterations of Normalize Min-sum 5G eMBB LDPC decoder with scale 0.75, HARQ off (no retransmissions), PDSCH precoding using SVD (PDSCH Mapping Type A, 4×4 antennas), 20 resource blocks (240 subcariers), clustered delay line (CDL-C) channel with subcarier spacing 30kHZ, delay spread 300e-9, doppler shift 5Hz, central frequency 3.5GHz demonstrates a 0.5 to 1 dB gap to the perfect channel estimate and a gain of between 1 and 1.6 dB over MMSE channel estimation. The suggested solution enables a 25% boost in 5G NR throughput. |
12,090 | Please write an abstract with title: IoBTChain: an Integration Framework of Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) and Blockchain, and key words: Cloud computing, Scalability, Smart contracts, Regulation, Blockchains, Security, Resource management. Abstract: As a typical representative of a new generation military information technology, the value and significance of Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) has been widely recognized by the world's military forces. At the same time, Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) is facing serious scalability and security challenges. This paper presents the basic concept and six-domain model of IoBT, explains the integration security framework of IoBT and blockchain. Furthermore, we design and build a novel IoT framework called IoBTChain based on blockchain and smart contracts, which adopts a credit-based resource management system to control the amount of resources that an IoBT device can obtain from a cloud server based on pre-defined priority rules, application types, and behavior history. We illustrate the deployment procedure of blockchain and smart contracts, the device registration procedure on blockchain, the IoBT behavior regulation workflow and the pricing-based resource allocation algorithm. |
12,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Coordinated Schedule of Electricity and Heating System Considering Multiple Sources of Uncertainties, and key words: Schedules, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Security, Optimization, Resistance heating, Load modeling. Abstract: The coordination of schedule between electricity and heating system is necessary for stable electrical and heating supply and efficient operation of integrated energy system. This paper studies coordinated dispatch of electricity and heating system considering multiple sources of uncertainties including renewable energy, electricity loads, and heat loads under robust optimization framework. Uncertainties from source side and demand side are explicitly modelled to ensure operational security under provided schedule. Numerical tests demonstrate that proposed schedule method is robust under fluctuations of sources and loads in the electricity and heating system and security constraints are always satisfied in different operation scenarios. |
12,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Beamforming, Antenna Selection, and Power Allocation Factor Design for Downlink Two-User MISO-NOMA Systems, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, NOMA, Array signal processing, Spectral efficiency, Simulation, Downlink, Hardware. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the joint antenna selection (AS), beamforming (BF), and power allocation factor (PAF) design problem for a two-user downlink power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) systems. Different from conventional sum-rate-oriented problems, the proposed problem is concerned about the fairness between users, which is improved by maximizing the achievable rate of the weaker user with hardware constraints such as the total power constraint (TPC), per-antenna power constraint (PAPC), and the number of activated antennas, to prevent the extremely low communication quality. To solve the problem, we divide it into two stages due to its complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that with such procedures, the proposed approach achieves better fairness performance than most sum-rate-oriented counterparts and it can be bettered if we perform the two-stage design. |
12,093 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Solution to Support Multiuser 3D Virtual Simulation Environments in Peer-to-Peer Networks, and key words: Peer to peer computing, Virtual environment, MPEG 4 Standard, Delay, Collaboration, Technological innovation, Distributed control, Communication system control, Broadcasting, Protection. Abstract: One of the challenges for 3D multi-user virtual simulation environments (3D MUVEs) developers is to keep the shared virtual simulation environment synchronized among all the participating users´ terminals. Support to 3DMUVEs through traditional client-server communication model offers simpler management but can lead to bottlenecks and higher latencies. Peer-to-peer communication model, on the other hand, offers no central coordination but are more complex to manage. Current peer-to-peer networks, such as KaZaA and Gnutella, provide multimedia sharing services but do not support multiuser 3D virtual environment applications. This paper describes a solution to support 3D MUVEs in a hybrid peer-to-peer Gnutella network, which provides session control and distributed shared virtual environment synchronization. As a result of this work, two components specified by the ongoing multi-user extension to the MPEG-4 standard were implemented and integrated to the Gnutella network for control and synchonization. This solution minimizes the disadvantages of client-server, pure peer-to-peer and proxy-based models. The results show the number of users per session that can be supported with acceptable delays for tasks such as collaborative editing and for highly interactive applications such as action games. |
12,094 | Please write an abstract with title: If You Can’t Beat It, Squash It: Simplify Global Optimization by Evolving Dilation Functions, and key words: Semantics, Stochastic processes, Simulated annealing, Benchmark testing, Space exploration, Object recognition, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Optimization problems represent a class of pervasive and complex tasks in Computer Science, aimed at identifying the global optimum of a given objective function. Optimization problems are typically noisy, multi-modal, non-convex, non-separable, and often non-differentiable. Because of these features, they mandate the use of sophisticated population-based meta-heuristics to effectively explore the search space. Additionally, computational techniques based on the manipulation of the optimization landscape, such as Dilation Functions (DFs), can be effectively exploited to either "compress" or "dilate" some target regions of the search space, in order to improve the exploration and exploitation capabilities of any meta-heuristic. The main limitation of DFs is that they must be tailored on the specific optimization problem under investigation. In this work, we propose a solution to this issue, based on the idea of evolving the DFs. Specifically, we introduce a two-layered evolutionary framework, which combines Evolutionary Computation and Swarm Intelligence to solve the meta-problem of optimizing both the structure and the parameters of DFs. We evolved optimal DFs on a variety of benchmark problems, showing that this approach yields extremely simpler versions of the original optimization problems. |
12,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Stacked-Ring Based Cells for Phase Shifting Surfaces, and key words: Phased arrays, Microstrip antenna arrays, Meetings, Metasurfaces, Numerical simulation, Dielectrics, Microstrip. Abstract: This paper investigates a stacked-ring based unit cell design for near-field phase-shifting metasurfaces developed for beam-steering applications. The unit cell has two dielectric layers sandwiched between three thin patterns of conductive material. Each of the three conductive patterns has a circular ring of varying sizes to produce the required spatial phase variation across the metasurface. To validate the performance of the unit cell, a metasurface was designed to tilt the beam of a 4×4 microstrip array. The numerical simulations predict that the array beam can be tilted by an angle of 28.8° without severe degradation, verifying the unit cell phase-shifting characteristics. |
12,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Methods to Improve the Robustness of Right Whale Detection using CNNs in Changing Conditions, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Whales, Training data, Signal processing, Data models, Surface treatment. Abstract: This paper is concerned with developing a method of detecting right whales from autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) that is robust to changing operating conditions. A baseline convolutional neural network (CNN) is first trained using data taken from a single operating condition. Its detection accuracy is then found to degrade when applied to different operating conditions. Two methods are then investigated to restore performance using just a single model. The first method is an augmented training approach where progressively more data from the new condition is mixed with the original data. The second method uses unsupervised adaptation to adapt the original model to the new conditions. Evaluation under changing environmental and noise conditions reveals the model produced from augmented training data to achieve higher detection accuracy across all conditions than the adapted model. However, the adapted model does not require label data from the new environment and in these situations is a more realistic solution. |
12,097 | Please write an abstract with title: A Twinaxial Feed for Cavity-Backed Spiral Antennas, and key words: Antenna feeds, spiral antennas, twinaxial cable, wideband antennas. Abstract: Wideband planar antennas with balanced feeds, such as spiral antennas, often require wideband microstrip exponential tapers with intricate printed circuit board interconnects at right angles. A twinaxial feed scheme is proposed for a cavity-backed spiral antenna, which eliminates this need. The overall assembly features an input VSWR of below 2.8:1 across the band of 630 MHz to 2.87 GHz, which is comparable to that of the antenna simulated in isolation with a differential port feed. |
12,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple antenna transmitter optimization schemes for multiuser systems, and key words: Transmitting antennas, Transmitters, Downlink, Receiving antennas, MIMO, Mobile antennas, Wireless communication, Base stations, Couplings, Wireless networks. Abstract: We present multiple antenna transmitter optimization (i.e., spatial prefiltering) schemes that are based on linear transformations and transmit power optimization (keeping average transmit power conserved). We consider the downlink of a wireless system with multiple transmit antennas at the base station and a number of mobile terminals (i.e., users) each with a single receive antenna. We consider the maximum achievable data rates in the case of the zero-forcing and triangularization spatial prefiltering coupled with a dirty paper coding transmission scheme. We also present the effects of channel mismatch. |
12,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and User Research in AR/VR/MR, and key words: Industries, Measurement, Visualization, Conferences, Ergonomics, Design methodology, Human factors. Abstract: The workshop will explore new techniques and processes for design, prototyping and testing in AR/VR/MR. How do we design and test useful and usable AR/VR/MR applications? How can we modify known design and research techniques and establish new techniques to suit immersive mediums? How might these processes vary based on the industry use case of the AR/VR/MR application? What are the metrics of success? We are interested in evaluation techniques that are qualitative, quantitative, computational/sensor-based, as well as rooted in ergonomics and human factors, and others! The workshop is of interest to conference participants and timely for ISMAR 2022, because as AR/VR/MR becomes more ubiquitous in industry, designers and researchers will need new methods to evaluate the usability and usefulness of immersive applications. |
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