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Please write an abstract with title: A 3D Design of Small Hybrid Farm for Microgrids, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Automation, Wind speed, Simulation, Microgrids, Humidity. Abstract: This paper discusses a 3D design of multi-source energy system. This modeling considers several parameters that influence the energy produced such as sunlight, temperature, humidity, speed and wind direction, hub height, time and season. This technique is validated with several simulation results using a Multiphysics approach for a small hybrid farm that can be applied to microgrids.
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Please write an abstract with title: Rating learning object quality with distributed Bayesian belief networks: the why and the how, and key words: Bayesian methods, Instruments, Testing, Internet, Information filtering, Information filters, Standards development, Sorting, Learning systems. Abstract: As differing evaluation instruments are adopted in learning object repositories serving specialized communities of users, what methods can be adopted for translating evaluative data across instruments in order to share this data among different repositories? How can evaluation from different reviewers be properly integrated? How can explicit and implicit measures of preference and quality be combined to recommend objects to users? In this research we studied the application of Bayesian belief network (BBN) to the problem of insufficient and incomplete reviews during learning objects evaluation, and translating and integrating data among different quality evaluation instruments and measures. Two BBNs were constructed to probabilistically model relationships among different roles of reviewers as well as among items of different evaluation measurements. Initial testing using hypothetic data showed that the model was able to make potentially useful inferences about different dimensions of learning object quality. We further extend our model over geographic distances assuming that the reviewers would be distributed and that each reviewer would change the underlying BBN network (to a certain extent) to suit his/her expertise. We highlight issues that arise due to a highly distributed and personalized BBN network that can be used to make valid inferences about learning object quality.
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1,302
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Please write an abstract with title: On Distinctive Image Captioning via Comparing and Reweighting, and key words: Training, Measurement, Annotations, Semantics, Maximum likelihood estimation, Xenon, Web and internet services. Abstract: Recent image captioning models are achieving impressive results based on popular metrics, i.e., BLEU, CIDEr, and SPICE. However, focusing on the most popular metrics that only consider the overlap between the generated captions and human annotation could result in using common words and phrases, which lacks distinctiveness, i.e., many similar images have the same caption. In this paper, we aim to improve the distinctiveness of image captions via comparing and reweighting with a set of similar images. First, we propose a distinctiveness metric—between-set CIDEr (CIDErBtw) to evaluate the distinctiveness of a caption with respect to those of similar images. Our metric reveals that the human annotations of each image in the MSCOCO dataset are not equivalent based on distinctiveness; however, previous works normally treat the human annotations equally during training, which could be a reason for generating less distinctive captions. In contrast, we reweight each ground-truth caption according to its distinctiveness during training. We further integrate a long-tailed weight strategy to highlight the rare words that contain more information, and captions from the similar image set are sampled as negative examples to encourage the generated sentence to be unique. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted, showing that our proposed approach significantly improves both distinctiveness (as measured by CIDErBtw and retrieval metrics) and accuracy (e.g., as measured by CIDEr) for a wide variety of image captioning baselines. These results are further confirmed through a user study.
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1,303
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Please write an abstract with title: Kinetic inductive model of a millimeter-wave high-temperature superconducting optoelectronic mixer, and key words: Kinetic theory, High temperature superconductors, Optical films, Superconducting films, Inductance, Optical modulation, Superconducting microwave devices, Nonlinear optics, Optical mixing, Superconducting photodetectors. Abstract: We introduce and analyze an optoelectronic mixer (OEM) based on the kinetic inductive photoresponse in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) films. This device combines photodetection and optoelectronic mixing functions through a nonlinear change in the kinetic inductance of the HTS film when it is irradiated by an optically modulated microwave signal. A comprehensive theoretical analysis is presented using the two-temperature model to describe the nonbolometric (quantum) photoresponse and the kinetic inductance model for the electrical part. Upon the optical irradiation, the change in the electron temperature of the HTS film leads to a parametric change in the kinetic inductance of the photoexcited HTS bridge, which in the presence of a bias current produces a periodic voltage waveform. In order to obtain the temporal behavior and the frequency content of the output voltage in terms of the input local oscillator and modulation frequencies, the kinetic inductance model and Fourier series analysis have been used and their physical consequences have been discussed in detail. The merit characteristics of the kinetic inductive HTS-OEM, such as intrinsic and optical conversion gains and noise temperature, are evaluated and compared with other high-frequency mixers. This is followed by the numerical simulation of the proposed device.
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Please write an abstract with title: Scalable probabilistic computing models using Bayesian networks, and key words: Computer networks, Bayesian methods, Mathematical model, Nanoscale devices, Noise reduction, Low voltage, Integrated circuit interconnections, Circuit testing, Logic gates, Logic devices. Abstract: As technology scales below 100nm and operating frequencies increase, correct operation of nano-CMOS will be compromised due reduced device-to-device distance, imperfections, and low noise and voltage margins. Unlike traditional faults and defects, these errors are expected to be transient in nature. Unlike radiation related upset errors, the propensity of these transient errors will be higher. Due to these highly likely errors, it is more appropriate to model nano-domain computing as probabilistic rather than deterministic events. We propose the formalism of probabilistic Bayesian networks (BNs), which also forms a complete joint probability model, for probabilistic computing. Using the exact probabilistic inference scheme known as clustering, we show that for a circuit with about 250 gates the output error estimation time is less than three seconds on a 2GHz processor. This is three orders of magnitude faster than a recently proposed method for probabilistic computing using transfer matrices
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Please write an abstract with title: A superconducting magnet for Stanford University, and key words: Superconducting magnets, Conductors, Magnetohydrodynamics, Eddy currents, Voltage, Damping, Power generation, Prototypes, Temperature control, Heating. Abstract: The Department of Energy is currenty developing three MHD magnet concepts for application to baseload coal power generation technology. One concept is a rectangular saddle magnet having nonmetallic substructure for conductor support. This magnet is to be installed at DoE'S Component Development & Integration Facility at Fhtte, Montana, Another is a circular saddle magnet in which the radial Lorentz forces are contained by interlayer bands which take the place of a superstructure. This technique was used for the U-25 magnet currently in operation in Moscow. A larger version is being developed for the Coal-Fired Flow Facility (CFFF) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute. The third concept is the Stanford Superconducting Magnet (SSM), a circular saddle magnet having a metallic substructure to support the conductors. It will be a part of the MHD research facility at Stanford University. The specific metallic substructure described in this paper was designed in 1979. This design is being modified during 1980 to incorporate features of the CASK concept into the substructure design. The producibility features of CASK are prototypical of baseload-size magnets, The revised design will be reported in a forthcoming paper. Two major advantages of using a substructure to support the conductors are (1) conductor movement within the winding is controlled which, in turn, limits frictional heating of the conductor, and (2) the substructure reacts a substantid portion of the magnetically induced loads. Energy dissipation and voltage protection in metallic subplates is discussed. An analysis of the eddy current in the,substructure during a rapid quench has shown that the dissipation is only 2.5% of the total 93 MJ stored in the winding. Quench voltages have required the use of coil-to-subplate shorting resistors within the winding to reduce subplate stray capacitance effects and to limit ground fault currents. One unexpected benefit of eddy current has been discovered. During seismic event or MHD channel-induced vibration of the winding, eddy currents induced in the vacuum vessel provide substantial damping for the control of resonant amplitude, The damping magnitude is360 J/cycle for a Stanford-sized magnet.
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Please write an abstract with title: Clustering hosts in P2P and global computing platforms, and key words: Internet, Peer to peer computing, Application software, Delay, Distributed computing, Clustering algorithms, Partitioning algorithms, IP networks, Computer science, Supercomputers. Abstract: Being able to identify clusters of nearby hosts among Internet clients provides very useful information for a number of internet and p2p applications. Examples of such applications include web applications, request routing in peer-to-peer overlay network, and distributed computing applications. In this paper, we present and formulate the internet host clustering problem. Leveraging previous work on internet host distance measurement, we propose two hierarchical clustering techniques to solve this problem. The first technique is a marker based hierarchical partitioning approach. The second technique is based on the well known K-means clustering algorithm. We evaluated these two approaches in simulation using a representative Internet topology generated with the GT ITM generator for over 1,000 hosts. Our simulation results demonstrate that our algorithmic clustering approaches effectively identify clusters with arbitrary diameters. Our conclusion is that by leveraging previous work on internet host distance estimation, it is possible to cluster Internet hosts to benefit various applications with various requirements.
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Please write an abstract with title: Cross-subject MEG Transfer Learning by Riemannian Manifold and Feature Subspace Alignment, and key words: Manifolds, Support vector machines, Neuroscience, Transfer learning, Feature extraction, Decoding, Testing. Abstract: Single-subject oriented analyses have capacity to discover the individual neurocognitive model in neuroscience researches. However, individual discrepancies and spatial instability impede the group level inference. In this paper, we focus on transfer learning methods to cope with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) decoding across subjects within which the individual differences exist. First, a general and effective framework allows us to extract features in Riemannian manifold. Then, an improved subspace alignment technique is proposed to adapt two different domains. We test our method on MEG decoding challenge and find that it outperforms most state of the art methods both in cross-subject validation and new testing data.
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1,308
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Please write an abstract with title: Interdependence of Gain and Idler Conversion Loss in Parametric Amplifiers (Letters), and key words: Plasma temperature, Circuit noise, Degradation, Electromagnetic heating, Noise reduction, Frequency conversion, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave amplifiers, Electrons, Discharges. Abstract: lnterdependence of gain and idler conversion has been experimentally investigated in parametric amplifiers having, single diode circuit configuration. The results indicate that for high gain amplifiers, the inherent idler rejection is inadequate, and larger lengths of pump waveguide, designed to be below cutoff at idler frequency, are to be used for reducing the effect of pump sideband noise on the noise temperature of the parametric amplifiers.
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1,309
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Please write an abstract with title: Worst-case to average-case reductions based on Gaussian measures, and key words: Lattices, Gaussian noise, Polynomials, Computer science, Vectors, Military computing, Cryptography, Equations, Fourier transforms, Engineering profession. Abstract: We show that solving modular linear equation on the average is at least as hard as approximating several lattice problems in the worst case within a factor almost linear in the rank of the lattice. The lattice problems we consider are the shortest vector problem, the shortest independent vectors problem and the covering radius problem. The approximation factor we obtain is O(n) for all three problems. This greatly improves on all previous work on the subject starting from Ajtai's seminal paper (STOC, 1996), up to the strongest previously known results by Micciancio (STOC, 2002). Our results also bring us closer to the limit where the problems are no longer known to be in NP /spl cap/ coNP. Our main tools are Gaussian measures on lattices and the high dimensional Fourier transform. We start by defining a new lattice parameter which determines the amount of Gaussian noise that one has to add to a lattice in order to get close to a uniform distribution, in addition to yielding quantitatively much stronger results, the use of this parameter allows us to simplify many of the complications in previous work. Our technical contributions are two-fold. First, we show tight connections between this new parameter and existing lattice parameters. One such important connection is between this parameter and the length of the shortest set of linearly independent vectors. Second, we prove that the distribution that one obtains after adding Gaussian noise to the lattice has the following interesting property: the distribution of the noise vector when conditioning on the final value behaves in many respects like the original Gaussian noise vector. In particular, its moments remain essentially unchanged.
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Please write an abstract with title: An integrated particle sampler and lung radiation dosimeter, and key words: Lungs, Aerosols, Hazards, Sampling methods, Filters, Strips, Physics, Size measurement, Electrostatics, Respiratory system. Abstract: A lung dosimeter that can record the nonradiological hazard of aerosol particles to the lung as well as the radiological hazard of air borne radionuclides that are attached to aerosol particles has been developed. The dosimeter is capable of recording aerosol particles of diameters from 10/sup -2/ /spl mu/m to 10/sup 2/ /spl mu/m by electrostatic collection in a specially designed dosimeter body. The aerosol size distribution is recorded on a mylar strip and the activity size distribution of /spl alpha/, /spl beta/, and /spl gamma/ radiation emitting aerosols are recorded on another strip coated with /spl alpha/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/:C. Both strips can be read by a specially built reader, the output of which can be used to calculate the nonradiological hazard and radiological hazard, respectively, and to give an overall picture of the exposure.
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1,311
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Please write an abstract with title: Rule-based velocity selection for mobile robots under uncertainties, and key words: Planning, Mobile robots, Uncertainty, Cost function, Collision avoidance, Mathematical model. Abstract: The velocity selection for mobile robots, that results a collision-free motion between moving and static obstacles, is a challenging task of planning algorithms. In this paper, a novel concept is introduced that uses a grid for the investigation of the possible velocity vectors of the agent. Next to the rule-based velocity selection strategies, which can be applied both in right-hand and left-hand traffic, the uncertainties of the measured data of positions and velocity vectors of the obstacles are also considered. Using a cost function, an appropriate solution can be calculated that ensures a feasible motion for the agent. As an assumption, during a time interval the velocities of the obstacles will are unchanged. The algorithm is tested in simulation environment.
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1,312
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Please write an abstract with title: High-temperature spin-polarized quantum dot light-emitting diodes, and key words: Quantum dots, Light emitting diodes, Magnetic multilayers, Magnetic confinement, Potential well, Magnetic field induced strain, Electrons, Energy loss, Spectroscopy, Atomic layer deposition. Abstract: We believe our demonstration of high-temperature operation in a GaMnAs spin-LED to be an important step in the quest toward room-temperature spin-LED operation. In this paper, we have investigated the properties of Mn-doped InAs quantum dot multilayers grown by LT-MBE. We find that the dilute magnetic quantum dot samples exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at and above room-temperature, possibly resulting from the joint effects of quantum confinement, epitaxial strain, and disorder introduced by the self-organization process. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicates that the Mn atoms incorporate predominantly with the InAs dots. Work is currently underway to incorporate InAs:Mn QDs in the spin-aligner of a spin-LED to demonstrate room-temperature operation; our results are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Target Detection and Tracking System for Sports Video, and key words: Target tracking, Object detection, Gaussian mixture model, Monitoring. Abstract: Video motion target tracking has been widely used in the field of sports. Content-based video search has a broad application prospect and attracts more and more researchers’ attention. In view of the shortcomings of moving object detection in motion video at present, a human motion recognition method based on correlation vector machine is proposed. Combined with the improved Gaussian mixture model of moving object detection and tracking method in motion video, moving object detection and tracking are carried out. The design of the system is realized. Firstly, it collects sports videos, considers all kinds of sports objects in sports videos, uses improved background update difference method to detect sports objects, then uses correlation vector machine to recognize human motion, and finally uses AdaBoost classifier to use it in multiple sports videos and sports objects. Carry out follow-up experiments. Results in this way, we can track the sports target in sports video accurately and quickly, and the real-time performance of sports target tracking is better than other tracking methods, which provides a new research tool for tracking sports target in sports video.
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Please write an abstract with title: Proximal Distance Algorithm for Nonconvex QCQP with Beamforming Applications, and key words: Wireless communication, Multicast algorithms, Handheld computers, Array signal processing, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Speech processing. Abstract: This paper studies nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP), which is known to be NP-hard in general. In the past decades, various approximate approaches have been developed to tackle the QCQP, including semidefinite relaxation (SDR), successive convex approximation (SCA), the variable splitting approach, to name a few. While these approaches are effective under some circumstances, they have to either lift the variable dimension or require a feasible starting point, thereby not suitable for the large-scale QCQP or lack of a feasible starting point. In light of this, this work aims at developing an efficient approach to the QCQP without the above mentioned drawbacks. The crux of our approach is the proximal distance algorithm (PDA), which merges the idea of the penalty method and majorization minimization (MM) to provide an efficient (closed-form) iterative algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the PDA, we test it on the multicast beamforming applications in wireless communications. Simulation results show that the PDA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of delivering a better solution with much less running time.
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Please write an abstract with title: A 3-D Sparse SAR Imaging Method Based on Plug-and-Play, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Radar polarimetry, Imaging, Image reconstruction, Synthetic aperture radar, Arrays, Radar imaging. Abstract: In recent years, 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has proved its great potential in monitoring, security inspection, and radar cross section (RCS) measurement. However, 3-D SAR images based on matched filter (MF) methods have high sidelobes and are susceptible to background noise. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel 3-D sparse SAR imaging method to improve the image quality, which combines the plug-and-play framework and the improved alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). First, the plug-and-play framework allows one to use state-of-the-art denoisers instead of proximal operators to improve the image quality. Second, we linearize the subproblem of ADMM involving forward imaging model. Compared with the traditional ADMM method, the improved ADMM, namely, linear ADMM (LADMM), avoids the inversion of high-dimensional matrix and is more suitable for solving high-dimensional imaging problems. Simulation and real data experiments show that the proposed method can effectively improve the image quality. Numerical analysis and 3-D visualization results are presented, which prove the impressive performance of plug-and-play LADMM.
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1,316
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Please write an abstract with title: Electromobility Charging Behavior Modeling Using Polynomial Regression Approach, and key words: Analytical models, Systematics, Cogeneration, Probability density function, Probabilistic logic, Data models, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: As is electromobility is still expanding, its effects on the power grid need to be expected and be prepared for. This paper is analyzing the possibilities of creating a very simple probabilistic model while keeping the outputs still accurate enough for most of the applications in power engineering. The simplicity and flexibility of this model are proposed by using the polynomial regression on the initial probability density functions and weighted random choices variables. These approximations are then defined in all the time frames during the simulation, which makes also the time step easily variable. The proper means of finding the polynomial regression functions are introduced, as well as the usage in the complete probabilistic model algorithm. Verification of the proposed model is carried out using open data. Applications and further extensions of the model are discussed.
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1,317
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Please write an abstract with title: Online Tracking and Relocation Based on a New Rotation-Invariant Haar-Like Statistical Descriptor in Endoscopic Examination, and key words: Gastrointestinal tract, Target tracking, Biopsy, Feature extraction, Robustness, Cancer. Abstract: In the gastrointestinal biopsy, online tracking and relocation of the region-of-interest are essential to early diagnosis and surgical intervention of colorectal cancer. However, it is challenging for the examiner to track and retarget the optical biopsy site due to interfering factors, e.g. violent rotation of the lens, illumination variation, shape deformation, and target long-time-lost. Previous works may not effectively handle the mentioned challenges due to the complexity of gastrointestinal environment and the limitation of data. In this work, we construct an online tracking and relocation framework based on the concept of detection and tracking, which is dramatically adapted to the inherent characteristics of the gastrointestinal biopsy image. To effectively distinguish the target area from the gastrointestinal biopsy, we designed a new rotated invariant Haar-like statistical descriptor which is robust for rotating and illumination changes. The descriptor is based on the sector-ring difference under the circular sampling area. A simplified statistical random forest discriminator based on confidence statistics is proposed to complete the preliminary screening of the potential tracking target. In order to further estimate the location of the target, a supervised support vector machine is introduced to rank the candidate target regions. Based on proposals of Siamese network and the random forest, a location refinement fusion has been proposed to determine the location and the confidence of the tracking area. Extensive experiments on various gastrointestinal videos, which consists of open source and self-collected data, demonstrate that the proposed framework is superior to the mainstreams methods in accuracy and robustness.
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1,318
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Channel Assignments for Efficient Use of Aviation Spectrum Allocations, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, NASA, Channel allocation, Aerodynamics, Dynamic scheduling, Complexity theory, Resource management. Abstract: The demand for voice and data communications continues to rise with the emergence of new aerial vehicles into the airspace and the continued growth of aviation operations throughout the National Airspace System (NAS). Recent studies have shown that the anticipated growing demand for spectrum resources will exceed the capacity of existing aviation spectrum allocations. Further, airspace configurations, via assignment of fixed channel allocations within standard service volumes, do not allow for the dynamic and efficient distribution of spectrum resources based on airspace demand; as a result, a new approach to aviation spectrum management is needed to support the forecasted needs of new airspace users. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is investigating applications of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and other advanced concepts to solve a dynamic constraint satisfaction problem which is analogous to the frequency assignment problem faced by aviation. Procedures and strategies for dynamic channel allocation can be borrowed from other large-scale mobile services (i.e., 4G/5G applications) and can provide a novel spectrum management approach that allows for the intelligent utilization of aviation spectrum throughout the airspace while maintaining the strict quality of service prescribed by aeronautical standards.
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1,319
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Ultra-thin and Polarization-Insensitive perfect metamaterial absorber based on four opening of disc, and key words: Absorption, Numerical simulation, Metamaterials, Software, Dielectrics, Impedance, Sandwich structures. Abstract: In this paper, a new ultra-thin and polarization-independent perfect Metamaterial Absorber (MA) using a simple sandwich structure is proposed. Numerical simulation is carried out using CST 2015 Microwave Studio software by optimizing the geometrical structure. The numerical simulation results show that the MA achieves perfect absorption at the frequency of 7.625GHz and 15.375GHz, and its absorption is 99.1% and 99.8%, respectively. The numerical simulation results also show that the MA has an ultra-thin thickness of 0.4mm and the MA has the characteristics of polarization insensitivity.
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1,320
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Please write an abstract with title: Pixel circuit design for an accumulation mode BDJ APS in a 0.18µm CMOS technology, and key words: Capacitance, Junctions, Photodiodes, Photoconductivity, Mathematical model, Transistors, Pollution measurement. Abstract: This paper proposes an Active Pixel Sensor (APS) structure for the BDJ photodetector in the X-FAB XH018 CMOS process. The pixel architecture will be used to design a matrix array of BDJ active pixels in order to develop a lab-on-chip Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A solution to solve the capacitance unbalance in the BDJ structure is proposed. It allows easy and accurate measurement of the BDJ photocurrents. Noise analysis has been carried out and our design reduces the follower noise to 60µVrms. The designed BDJ active pixel has a fill factor of 61% for an active area of 100µmx100µm.
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1,321
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Please write an abstract with title: Interparticle interactions in annealed FePt nanoparticle assemblies, and key words: Annealing, Assembly, Nanoparticles, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetostatics, Self-assembly, Temperature, Magnetic hysteresis, Magnetic materials. Abstract: Thermal treatment of self-assembled FePt nanoparticles reduces the interparticle distances, resulting in dramatic changes in the type and strength of interparticle interactions. Consequently, magnetic properties such as the hysteresis and magnetization reversal mechanisms are strongly affected. It is suggested that controlled annealing of self-assembled nanoparticles may offer a novel approach for producing hard magnetic nanocomposites.
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1,322
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Please write an abstract with title: First demonstration of 4H-SiC RF bipolar junction transistors on a semi-insulating substrate with f/sub T//f/sub MAX/ of 7/5.2 GHz, and key words: Radio frequency, Fingers, Scattering parameters, Length measurement, Performance evaluation, Current measurement, Power measurement, Gain measurement, Silicon carbide, Bipolar transistors. Abstract: 4H-SiC RF BJTs on a semi-insulating (>10/sup 5/ /spl Omega/-cm) substrate were designed and fabricated for the first time using an n-p-n triple mesa-etch and interdigitated emitter-base finger design. On-wafer small signal S-parameter measurements were performed on a 4-finger device with 3 /spl mu/m emitter stripe width and 150 /spl mu/m finger length. Both, the current gain and unilateral power gain, were calculated from the measured S-parameters, yielding an f/sub T/ of 7 GHz and an f/sub MAX/ of 5.2 GHz biased in common-emitter configuration at J/sub E/ = 10.6 kA/cm/sup 2/ and V/sub CE/ = 20 V. These are the highest RF figures of merit reported to date for any SiC bipolar transistor. The calculated maximum available power gain (G/sub MAX/) is 18.6-dB at 500 MHz and 12.4-dB at 1 GHz, demonstrating the potential of 4H-SiC BJTs for both UHF and L-band applications.
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Please write an abstract with title: Solution method of coupling joint angle of discrete-continuous manipulator, and key words: Legged locomotion, Couplings, Force, Signal processing, Manipulators, Structural engineering, Quadrupedal robots. Abstract: Recently, continuum robots capable of probing in narrow spaces have attracted a lot of attention from researchers. However, it is difficult for the current continuum robot to quickly calculate the rotation angle of each joint, so it is hard to achieve precise control of the end position. This paper design a discrete-continuous manipulator structure driven by a double tendon sheath. Based on the mechanical model of the manipulator's joint disk, establish the calculation model of the coupling angle between adjacent joints and give the relationship between the input force and the end joint angle. The method for solving the angle of each joint of the discrete-continuous manipulator is given. This model solves the problem that the angle of each joint of the discrete-continuous manipulator is hard to solve quickly, and provides a basis for the subsequent precise control of the end position of the manipulator.
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1,324
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Digital Calendars: An Interview Study, and key words: Calendars, Scheduling, Mobile computing, Computer science, Knowledge management, Quality management, Production facilities, Collaborative software, Collaborative work, Personal digital assistants. Abstract: This paper reports on a series of qualitative interviews conducted as an exploratory research effort to understand the motivations behind knowledge workers’ usage of mobile digital calendars. Other findings reported on are general complaints related to the design and usage of mobile digital calendars. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen professionals who are regular users of mobile digital calendars, and have been using their system of choice for more than one year. The respondents were categorized into three categories characterized by their motivations for use and usage styles. These categories serve to better explain the reasons to use mobile digital calendars.
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1,325
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Business Intelligence Solution Development and Implementation in a Small-Sized Enterprise, and key words: Companies, Planning, Business intelligence, Testing. Abstract: Business Intelligence (BI) is an approach to optimize business decisions by utilizing existing information. BI has been supporting the organization to form effective strategic and tactical business strategies. For the past 2 decades, BI hasn't only had a great impact on large enterprises, but also it has aided in forming strong core strategies of small to mid-sized enterprises. This paper details the full BI solution's cycle; planning, design, and development with a focus on small enterprises. Fig. 1 (“System Development Cycle”) summarizes the process followed to develop a BI solution in this paper. The study involves a case study of a fictitious company, created for the sole purpose of applying the suggested BI solution. This case study elaborates on all the phases required to develop a BI solution for each phase. The challenges and benefits of the BI solution are thoroughly considered in this study. To evaluate the functionality of the proposed BI solution, several testing iterations were performed and the results of these iterations are presented at the end of this case study. The paper concludes by highlighting the areas for future research in BI.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Modified Transfer-Learning-Based Approach for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature From Landsat-8 TIRS Data, and key words: Land surface temperature (LST), parameter retrieval, remote sensing, thermal infrared (TIR), transfer learning. Abstract: As a critical parameter of the land surface energy balance, land surface temperature (LST) has received extensive attention in various fields. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing can efficiently obtain large-scale, long-time-series information on land surface thermal radiance. Multiple algorithms, including physics-based and deep learning algorithms, have been proposed for obtaining LST from the observations. In algorithm analysis, the theoretical performance is typically evaluated through simulated data representing atmospheric and land surface environmental conditions that vary globally before applying it to authentic TIR remote sensing images and validating the accuracy using ground-measured data. However, due to the complexity of the observation environment, errors in results obtained from validation using ground-measured data tend to be larger than theoretical errors obtained using simulated data, which limits the performance of the algorithm in practical applications. Obtaining globally covered, representative ground-measured data and synchronized observations of remote sensing images are costly, making it difficult to provide enough data to develop new algorithms. The transfer learning method can learn from the pretrained deep learning model that applies to the source task, and fine-tuning using only a small number of samples from the target task can result in a well-performing model. This article proposes a modified transfer-learning (TL)-based LST retrieval algorithm to pretrain a knowledge-driven deep neural network model using a simulation dataset and then use a small amount of ground-measured data for tuning to obtain the final LST retrieval model. The new algorithm was applied to the remote sensing data observed by the Landsat-8 TIR sensor (TIRS), and the validation results based on the ground-measured data and global Landsat-8 LST products showed that the RMSE of the fine-tuned model result was about 0.4 K lower than the Landsat-8 product and about 0.3 K lower than the pretrained model results, reaching 2.2 K. Moreover, the results are in good agreement with the Landsat LST product in multiple regions worldwide with different land cover types, which demonstrated the effectiveness and stability of the proposed TL algorithm.
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1,327
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Please write an abstract with title: Power-aware routing for energy conserving and balance in ad hoc networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Energy consumption, Routing protocols, Cost function, Energy conservation, Batteries, Chaos, Computer science. Abstract: In this paper, we proposed an energy conserving routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network. The goal of our protocol is to reduce power consumption in transmission and hence to increase the lifetime of the whole network. To achieve energy conservation, the transmission power is controlled to the minimum level that packets can be correctly received. To find a proper route, we take into account both the transmission power and the remaining energy of the mobile hosts along the path. We also proposed a route caching strategy to increase the cache efficiency. Simulation results show that our protocol can conserve 10% to 20% more energy than dynamic source routing does. Also, our protocol also have not only longer network lifetime but also lower standard deviation on remaining energy among hosts.
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Please write an abstract with title: A new combination-erase technique for erasing nitride based (SONOS) nonvolatile memories, and key words: SONOS devices, Nonvolatile memory, Tunneling, Hot carriers, Voltage, Secondary generated hot electron injection, PROM, EPROM, Semiconductor device manufacture, Channel hot electron injection. Abstract: A new technique of erasing nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices based on nitride storage (SONOS) with bottom oxide thickness in the range of 30 /spl Aring/ has been developed. Oxide thickness in this range is necessary to minimize the undesirable effects of gate disturb while still enabling a low-voltage operation to maximize the cost benefit of SONOS memories. To erase such bitcells, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT) is preferred over hot-hole injection (HHI) due to the less damaging nature of FNT. However, FNT alone cannot be used to erase the device completely due to erase saturation limitations. Hence, the new "combination-erase" technique combines both FNT and HHI erase to achieve a fast and controlled erase. Furthermore, by using FNT erase at higher field conditions, and HHI erase at lower field conditions, the reliability of the bitcell is also improved.
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Please write an abstract with title: The Antenna Dome Real-Time Distributed Antenna Pattern Characterization System, and key words: Antenna measurements, Interpolation, 5G mobile communication, Microprocessors, Systems architecture, Computer architecture, Real-time systems. Abstract: In this contribution we present the hardware components, system architecture and software modules constituting the base of the TU Delft high speed Antenna Dome. The modular architecture together with the custom designed detecting unit cell allows for real-time 2D antenna characterization, providing user defined performance, optimized for the 5G FR2 mm-wave band. The various high frequency components (i.e., antenna, square-law detector) and logical subsystem composing the dual-polarization signal acquisition unit are described and evaluated for their performance. The routines and algorithm allowing for accurate 2D spatial interpolation and the system calibration/normalization are reviewed. Finally, preliminary measurement data of antennas operating in the FR2 band are presented.
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Please write an abstract with title: Maximum drive current scaling properties of strained Si NMOS in the deca-nanometer regime, and key words: MOS devices, Capacitive sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Degradation, CMOS process, Scattering parameters, MOSFET circuits, Germanium, Temperature, Doping profiles. Abstract: The scaling of the drive current of strained Si NMOSFETs with gate lengths from 250 nm down to 50 nm is investigated with the self-consistent full-band Monte Carlo model. Although a degradation of the performance improvement due to strain is observed for decreasing gate length, this effect seems to saturate at very short channel lengths because of quasiballistic transport effects. For a gate length of 50 nm still an improvement of the drive current of more than 30% is found for Ge concentrations in the substrate of more than 15%.
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Please write an abstract with title: Brief Industry Paper: An Edge-Based High-Definition Map Crowdsourcing Task Distribution Framework for Autonomous Driving, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Industries, Pain, Maintenance engineering, Data collection, Real-time systems, Task analysis. Abstract: Facing the difficulty and inefficiency of creating and maintaining High-Definition (HD) maps in our commercial deployments, we have developed an edge-based crowdsourcing task distribution framework for HD Map in autonomous driving. Our key observation is that: HD map data crowdsourcing exhibits the diminishing marginal utility thus there exists an inflection point for maximum utility, meanwhile its premature convergence of utility will leave some map updates not notified in time. Based on this observation, we develop a periodic crowdsourcing task distribution framework. It discretizes the demands for collecting source data into different periods and uses an optimal stopping rule to terminate the data collection for the maximum crowdsourcing utility. The experimental results verify that our crowdsourcing framework can achieve high time coverage and high efficiency with lower cost.
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Please write an abstract with title: A fast and homogeneous illumination applied to full-field terahertz imaging, and key words: Beam steering, Lighting, Imaging, Dynamic range, Real-time systems. Abstract: In order to overcome the coherence-induced artifacts, the illumination heterogeneity as well as a limited dynamic range when using full-field technique, a solution employing a galvanometric beam-steering is proposed, demonstrating the possibility for real-time imaging in terahertz domain. Working toward industrial applications, different imaging illumination process, including Lissajous pattern for fast beam steering, are evaluated thanks to the versatility of the lighting method.
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Please write an abstract with title: Radar observations of Draconid outbursts, and key words: meteorites, meteors, meteoroids. Abstract: The Draconid meteor shower shows strong bursts of activity at irregular intervals, with nearly no activity in intervening years. Five outbursts of the Draconid meteor shower were observed with specular meteor radars in Canada and Europe between 1999 and 2018. The outbursts generally lasted between 6 and 8 h, and most were not fully visible at a single geographical site, emphasizing the need for observations at multiple longitudes for short-duration shower outbursts. There is at least a factor of two difference in the peak flux as measured on different radars; the initial trail radius effect is undercorrected for Draconid meteors, which are known to be fragile.
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Please write an abstract with title: A course on Multimedia QoS Networking: development and evaluation of on-campus offering, and key words: Quality of service, Streaming media, Application software, IP networks, Computer science education, Computer networks, Computer industry, Computer aided instruction, Grounding, Electrical engineering computing. Abstract: Multimedia networking applications are becoming increasingly popular and the ongoing research in this field is providing a progressively more sophisticated understanding of the underlying principles of providing quality of service (QoS) for networked multimedia applications. To provide education in this emerging area, which is of increasing importance for electrical, computer, and industrial engineers, a course on Multimedia QoS Networking has been developed at Arizona State University. To provide the students with a balanced education in the fundamental principles and in the current development trends the course structure has three components: 1) lecture (40% of class contact time), in which the instructor presents the basic principles, 2) topic exploration (30% of contact time), which expands on the basic principles and explores current trends through student presentations, and 3) paper critique, in which the readings from the recent literature are critically evaluated and examined in instructor-led discussions (30% of contact time). The on-campus offering of the course was evaluated through the assessment of student work, student surveys, and student interviews. The assessment indicates the students were very positive toward the course structure, especially the paper critiques and their in-class discussions.
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Please write an abstract with title: Mining Resident Activity Pattern Based on Spatio-temporal Trajectory Data, and key words: Computational modeling, Semantics, Time series analysis, Clustering algorithms, Hybrid power systems, Trajectory, Classification algorithms. Abstract: The research on residents' activity pattern based on spatio-temporal trajectory data is helpful to the optimization of urban operation. At present, one of the difficulties in the research is how to determine the regularity of residents' activities when the labeled samples are sparse. We propose an improved periodic decision algorithm of sliding window, combined with feedforward neural network to search outlier activity patterns. Experimental results show that our method can effectively classify the overall travel features and quantify individual activity abnormalities.
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1,336
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Please write an abstract with title: Parallel growing and training of neural networks using output parallelism, and key words: Neural networks, Parallel processing, Interference, Large-scale systems, Benchmark testing, Feedforward neural networks, Training data. Abstract: In order to find an appropriate architecture for a large-scale real-world application automatically and efficiently, a natural method is to divide the original problem into a set of subproblems. In this paper, we propose a simple neural-network task decomposition method based on output parallelism. By using this method, a problem can be divided flexibly into several subproblems as chosen, each of which is composed of the whole input vector and a fraction of the output vector. Each module (for one subproblem) is responsible for producing a fraction of the output vector of the original problem. The hidden structure for the original problem's output units are decoupled. These modules can be grown and trained in parallel on parallel processing elements. Incorporated with a constructive learning algorithm, our method does not require excessive computation and any prior knowledge concerning decomposition. The feasibility of output parallelism is analyzed and proved. Some benchmarks are implemented to test the validity of this method. Their results show that this method can reduce computational time, increase learning speed and improve generalization accuracy for both classification and regression problems.
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Please write an abstract with title: EEG Data Acquisition System and Analysis of EEG Signals, and key words: Power demand, Filtering, Data acquisition, Filtering algorithms, Frequency conversion, Electroencephalography, Impedance. Abstract: The main objective of this manuscript is to perform an EEG Data Acquisition, Analysis and Present the EEG signals. It consists of innovative pre-processing method by utilizing amplifier with high impedance and high CMRR. It also consists of Analog filters to remove the noise and to prevent from Aliasing. Analysis is done through FFT algorithm using MATLAB. Findings of the frequency of the signals corresponding to peak magnitude are put forward as the Presentation of EEG signals. As the biomedical signals are having low frequency and low amplitude, the pre-processing, filtering, conversion are done with accuracy, requires adequate sampling rate, processing speed, gain, power consumption and size.
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1,338
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Please write an abstract with title: Allocation and Sizing of Photovoltaic Systems to Reduce Power Losses and Economic Aspects using a new PSO approach, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Resource management, Photovoltaic systems, IEEE transactions, Minimization, Distribution networks, Optimization. Abstract: In this paper is proposed a new method for optimal allocation and sizing of Photovoltaics (PVs) systems in power distribution network to reduce losses in feeders and minimize the economic aspects of the PVs implementation. The proposed technique, called Modified Particle Swarm Optimization with Dynamic Momentum (MPSO-DM) is proposed so that can be applied in distribution system, that requires a high number of decision variables in the optimization process. This becomes necessary because the classical Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in general, presents a performance drop in the exploration of the search space when applied to these situations. The proposed method was tested in a real distribution network of the Federal University of Paraiba (79 buses), which results show a improvement in performance, yielding better solutions when compared to the traditional Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) method and MPSO with linear decrement inertia weight.
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1,339
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Please write an abstract with title: Draw-Net, a customizable multi-formalism, multi-solution tool for the quantitative evaluation of systems, and key words: XML, Libraries, Graphical user interfaces, Performance evaluation, Performance analysis, Buildings, Stochastic processes, Petri nets, Fluid dynamics, Fault trees. Abstract: This paper presents the last version of Draw-Net, a customizable tool for the design and solution of models expressed in any graph based formalism, including the possibility of representing complex models by means of multi-formalism and analyzing them by exploiting different solution modules. In particular, it focuses on the new tools and features available in the current version of the framework.
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1,340
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Please write an abstract with title: Giant Brillouin Amplification in Gas Using Hollow-core Fiber, and key words: Optical fiber amplifiers, Stimulated emission, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical fiber communication, Optical pumping, Brillouin scattering, Optical scattering. Abstract: Optical amplification in hollow core fibers has been achieved using stimulated Brillouin scattering directly in the gaseous medium. More than 50 dB optical gain is observed over 50 m of fiber using 200 mW of pump power.
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1,341
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Please write an abstract with title: Nondegenerate Optical Nonlinearities in Semiconductor Quantum Wells, and key words: Photonics, Absorption, Probes, Optical waveguides, Nonlinear optics, Optical refraction. Abstract: We present measurements of the nonlinear absorption and refraction of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells, and explore the fitness of this material system for nonlinear photonic devices.
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1,342
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Please write an abstract with title: A new incremental method for function approximation using feed-forward neural networks, and key words: Function approximation, Feedforward systems, Neural networks, Feedforward neural networks, Hilbert space, Vectors, Frequency, Fourier series, Signal processing algorithms, Statistics. Abstract: A sequential method for approximating vectors in Hilbert spaces, called sequential approximation with optimal coefficients and interacting frequencies (SAOCIF), is presented. SAOCIF combines two key ideas. The first one is the optimization of the coefficients. The second one is the flexibility to choose the frequencies. The approximations defined by SAOCIF maintain orthogonal-like properties. The theoretical results obtained prove that, under reasonable conditions, the residue of the approximation obtained with SAOCIF (in the limit) is the best one that can be obtained with any subset of the given set of vectors. In the particular case of L/sup 2/, it can be applied to approximations by algebraic polynomials, Fourier series, wavelets and feed-forward neural networks, among others. Also, a particular algorithm with feed-forward neural networks is presented. The method combines the locality of sequential approximations, where only one frequency is found at every step, with the globality of non-sequential ones, where every frequency interacts with the others. Experimental results show a very satisfactory performance.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Functional Brain Network in MDD Based on Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition With Resting State EEG Data, and key words: Electroencephalography, Time-frequency analysis, Depression, White noise, Wavelet transforms, Wavelet analysis, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: At present, most brain functional studies are based on traditional frequency bands to explore the abnormal functional connections and topological organization of patients with depression. However, they ignore the characteristic relationship of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the time domain. Therefore, this paper proposes a network decomposition model based on Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), it is suitable for time-frequency analysis of brain functional network. On the one hand, it solves the problem of mode mixing on original EMD method, especially on high-density EEG data. On the other hand, by building brain function networks on different intrinsic mode function (IMF), we can perform time-frequency analysis of brain function connections. It provides a new insight for brain function connectivity analysis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Experimental results found that the IMFs waveform decomposed by Improved EMD was more stable and the difference between IMFs was obvious, it indicated that the mode mixing can be effectively solved. Besides, the analysis of the brain network, we found that the changes in MDD functional connectivity on different IMFs, it may be related to the pathological changes for MDD. More statistical results on three network metrics proved that there were significant differences between MDD and normal controls (NC) group. In addition, the aberrant brain network structure of MDDs was also confirmed in the hubs characteristic. These findings may provide potential biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of MDD patients.
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1,344
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Please write an abstract with title: Surface and Internal Charge Measurement in Fluorinated Polymer Irradiated by Electron Using Non-contact Type PEA Method Measurement Apparatus, and key words: Radiation effects, Electrodes, Space charge, Charge measurement, Surface discharges, Electric fields, Electric potential. Abstract: Spacecrafts are exposed by the radioactive rays, such as high energy electrons and protons, plasma. The surface insulating materials of spacecraft are charged because of exposing by such high energy charged particles. This charging phenomenon is the origin of the electrostatic discharge and may lead to the fatal error of those operations. For the improving the reliability of spacecraft operation, we should understand charge accumulation phenomena based on the real surface condition. Therefore, our grope and other researchers have tried to develop systems to measure the surface and bulk charges of materials. As the results, we developed new space charge measurement equipment using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method. That system can apply the pulsed electric filed to the sample through the vacuum gap using a grid electrode located 125 μm above the sample. Electrons through the grid electrode to the sample. Therefore, this apparatus can measure the surface and internal charge accumulation in the bulk of materials. Although we had measured only internal charge accumulation by the conventional PEA method, we obtained a seamless charge profile from the surface to internal of the sample by such newly developed system. In this report, we measured space charge distribution in the fluorinated materials by above developed system under electron irradiation. We found the following results. The negative charge accumulation distributed from the irradiation surface to penetration depth in the bulk. The amount of irradiated electrons accumulation was more than 30 times as much as the results obtained by a conventional measurement system. From those results, the space charge distribution has been able to measure under conditions consistent with close to actual use.
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1,345
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Please write an abstract with title: 28nm Neck Width Graphene Geometric Diode for THz Harvesting, and key words: Microwave antennas, Monte Carlo methods, Rectennas, Graphene, Microwave devices, Capacitance, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: Rectennas are widely used for energy harvesting purposes. For THz rectennas, traditional semiconductor-based diodes cannot be used as they are not fast enough. As an alternate, fast metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes have been considered in the recent past, however, they suffer from limited cut-off frequency due to high RC constant (especially high capacitance). Geometric diode, on the other hand, can solve the issue of high capacitance due to its planar structure. The neck width of the geometric diode affects its responsivity, so smaller the neck width, better is the responsivity. Previously, the lowest reported neck width for a funnel-shaped graphene geometric diode is 50 nm with a zero-bias responsivity of 0.06 A/W. In this work, we propose a better design with the lowest reported neck width of 28 nm, which shows a higher zero-bias responsivity of 0.17 A/W experimentally.
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1,346
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving Land Cover Change Detection and Classification With BRDF Correction and Spatial Feature Extraction Using Landsat Time Series: A Case of Urbanization in Tianjin, China, and key words: Earth, Remote sensing, Artificial satellites, Time series analysis, Change detection algorithms, Feature extraction, Forestry. Abstract: As one of the important coastal cities in China, Tianjin has been urbanized dramatically over the past 40 years, and the urbanization rate has been up to 83.15% by 2018. In this study, we used the continuous change detection and classification algorithm to comprehensively understand the urban expansion processes in Tianjin based on the Landsat time series from 1985 to 2018 with 30-m resolution. Specially, we applied the c-factor approach with the Ross Thick-LiSparse-R model to correct the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effect for each Landsat image and calculated a spatial line density feature for improving the change detection and the classification. Based on the study in Tianjin, we found that BRDF correction can substantially improve the change detection (9.00% higher overall accuracy) and classification (1.08% higher overall accuracy); and the line density is also beneficial to classification (0.48% higher overall accuracy), especially for impervious surface (1.70% less commission errors and 1.49 % less omission errors). By analyzing the imperious surface change processes, we observed that Tianjin has undergone rapid urban expansion in the past decades, and the urban area was mainly transformed from cropland around the central area before 2005 and later from the coast.
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1,347
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Please write an abstract with title: Hidden Markov model-based speech emotion recognition, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Emotion recognition, Statistics, Speech processing, Engines, Humans, Natural languages, Data mining, Speech analysis, Testing. Abstract: In this contribution we introduce speech emotion recognition by use of continuous hidden Markov models. Two methods are propagated and compared throughout the paper. Within the first method a global statistics framework of an utterance is classified by Gaussian mixture models using derived features of the raw pitch and energy contour of the speech signal. A second method introduces increased temporal complexity applying continuous hidden Markov models considering several states using low-level instantaneous features instead of global statistics. The paper addresses the design of working recognition engines and results achieved with respect to the alluded alternatives. A speech corpus consisting of acted and spontaneous emotion samples in German and English language is described in detail. Both engines have been tested and trained using this equivalent speech corpus. Results in recognition of seven discrete emotions exceeded 86% recognition rate. As a basis of comparison the similar judgment of human deciders classifying the same corpus at 79.8% recognition rate was analyzed.
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1,348
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Effectiveness of Random Node Sampling in Influence Maximization on Unknown Graph, and key words: Social network services, Integrated circuit modeling, Numerical models, Analytical models, Mathematical model, Knowledge engineering. Abstract: Influence maximization in a social network has been intensively studied, motivated by its application to so-called viral marketing. The influence maximization problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem on a graph that aims to identify a small set of influential nodes (i.e., seed nodes) such that the expected size of the influence cascade triggered by the seed nodes is maximized. In general, it is difficult in practice to obtain the complete knowledge on large-scale networks. Therefore, a problem of identifying a set of influential seed nodes only from a partial structure of the network obtained from network sampling strategies has also been studied in recent years. To achieve efficient influence propagation in unknown networks, the number of sample nodes must be determined appropriately for obtaining a partial structure of the network. In this paper, we clarify the relation between the sample size and the expected size of influence cascade triggered by the seed nodes through mathematical analyses. Specifically, we derive the expected size of influence cascade with random node sampling and degree-based seed node selection. Through several numerical examples using datasets of real social networks, we also investigate the implication of our analysis results to influence maximization on unknown social networks.
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1,349
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Please write an abstract with title: Parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on micro-Doppler features using CNN, and key words: Rotors, Blades, Doppler effect, Radar, Feature extraction, Spectrogram, Angular velocity. Abstract: This paper proposes a parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) using micro Doppler features. Firstly, the time-frequency spectrograms are acquired from the radar echo by the short-time Fourier transform. Secondly, based on the obtained spectrograms, a seven-layer CNN architecture is built to recognize the blade-number parity and classify the manoeuvre intention of the rotor target. The constructed architecture contains a leaky rectified linear unit and a dropout layer to accelerate the convergence of the architecture and avoid over-fitting. Finally, the spectrograms of the datasets are divided into three different ratios, i.e., 20%, 33% and 50%, and the cross validation is used to verify the effectiveness of the constructed CNN architecture. Simulation results show that, on the one hand, as the ratio of training data increases, the recognition accuracy of parity and manoeuvre intention is improved at the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); on the other hand, the proposed algorithm also has a strong robustness: the accuracy can still reach 90.72% with an SNR of −6 dB.
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1,350
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Please write an abstract with title: Engineering of composite media for shields at microwave frequencies, and key words: Microwave frequencies, Composite materials, Dielectrics, Conducting materials, Permittivity, Magnetic materials, Electromagnetic compatibility, Electromagnetic shielding, Analytical models, Numerical models. Abstract: Analytical and numerical modeling of composites with an isotropic dielectric base and multiphase conducting inclusions for the development of wideband microwave shields is considered. The model uses Maxwell Garnett formalism for multiphase mixtures. Such composites are required in many engineering applications, including electromagnetic compatibility.
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1,351
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Please write an abstract with title: The Influence of Self-User Shadowing in the Intra-Metro Communication Scenario at 28 GHz, and key words: Wireless communication, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Transmitters, Simulation, Scattering, Reflection. Abstract: Nowadays metro plays an important role in people’s daily life. It is significant to realize a high-data-rate wireless connectivity in metro carriages. In this paper, the intra-metro channels with the consideration of self-user shadowing at 28 GHz are characterized by ray-tracing (RT) simulation. The three-dimensional metro model is reconstructed according to the actual size of Madrid Metro. Based on the RT simulation results, totally six cases (three transmitter deployments, with and without self-user shadowing) are characterized in terms of angular spreads, received power, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread. Once the user shadows the channel, the received power will be approximately 15-25 dB less than that of unoccupied. Compared with the parameters of angular spreads and RMS delay spread without shadowing, the wireless link is established by Non-LOS due to the self-user shadowing effect. These results provide valuable insights into the system design and evaluation for wireless communications inside the metro scenario.
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1,352
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive SP-D control of robots with structural uncertainty in gravity regressor matrix: theory and experiment, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Robot control, Uncertainty, Gravity, PD control, Force control, Convergence, Manipulators, Error correction. Abstract: Many controllers have been developed for setpoint control of robotic manipulators. Adaptive PD controller is one of the simplest and most effective setpoint controller in the presence of uncertainty in gravitational force. However, an exact model of gravity regressor is required in the adaptive PD control. In this paper we propose an adaptive setpoint controller with modeling error in the gravity regressor, and show that convergence can be guaranteed even when the gravity regressor is uncertain. A new Lyapunov function is presented for convergence analysis of such problem. As a by-product of the result we also show that existing setpoint controllers, such as the adaptive SP-D and SP-ID in the literature, can be analyzed and designed in an unifying way as special cases of the proposed controller.
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1,353
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Please write an abstract with title: Correlation Regularized Conditional Adversarial Adaptation for Multi-Target-Domain Fault Diagnosis, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Customer relationship management, Correlation, Adaptation models, Rolling bearings, Informatics. Abstract: Domain adaptation has significantly promoted the development of transferrable fault diagnosis. However, the diagnostic scenario with multiple target distributions, namely, multi-target-domain adaptation (MTDA), has not been well addressed. In view of this, the specific characteristics of MTDA are investigated in this article, and a novel correlation regularized conditional adversarial adaptation network (CRCAA) is proposed on its basis. Specifically, to enhance the transferability of CRCAA, a feature space linear mapping algorithm is developed to integrate the category information into adversarial feature matching. Moreover, by establishing a correlation regularization mechanism, the sample relevance is exploited to guide the distribution alignment, thereby reducing the negative transfer near the decision boundary. To facilitate the convergence of adversarial training, CRCAA is designed to learn the distinguishable features and domain invariant features in two separate stages. Extensive experiments on the gearbox and rolling bearing datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CRCAA in engineering applications.
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1,354
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Please write an abstract with title: Fusion of triangulated sonar plus infrared sensing for localization and mapping, and key words: Infrared sensors, Robot sensing systems, Robot kinematics, Data mining, Sensor arrays, Feature extraction, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sonar navigation, Intelligent sensors, Costs. Abstract: We present a novel approach that incorporates information from sonar and infrared sensors mounted on a rotating platform to obtain feature-based stochastic maps of the environment. The purpose is to reliably determine the position of a robot and the features in its environment using low cost sensors. Line and corner features are extracted from the sonar sensors by means of triangulation from multiple vantage points, while line features are extracted from the infrared sensors in separate processes. RANSAC-based approaches are used to extract the features from sonar data and from infrared data. An extended Kalman filter is used to update the position of the robot and the features. The addition of infrared data to sonar data provides more accurate and compact maps.
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1,355
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved results on global stability of network congestion control based on iterative bounding, and key words: Stability analysis, Communication system control, Protocols, Convergence, Delay effects, Internet, Feedback, Large-scale systems, Lyapunov method, Asymptotic stability. Abstract: We study a "primal-dual" nonlinear network congestion control law in the presence of time delays, for which a global stability condition has been recently given using singular perturbation analysis. We show that stronger results can be obtained through direct study of the system trajectories. In particular, we first extend earlier results on boundedness of trajectories to general networks. We then proceed to iteratively refine those bounds in the single link case, through iterations that can be proven to be globally contractive, under appropriate parameter conditions, leading to the global stability result.
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1,356
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of XGS-PON Optical Network Termination for Enterprise Customer, and key words: Passive optical networks, Optical network units, Adaptive optics, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Testing, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: Digital economy development requires enterprises to seek solutions to cater increasing demand for internet bandwidth. Enterprise customer require a reliable connection for delivering their business solution with the symmetric speed between upload and download, such as XGS-PON technology (10 Gigabit Capable Symmetric Passive Optical Network). However, standards and regulations for using XGS-PON ONT (Optical Network Terminal) equipment intended for enterprise customers do not exist. This research aims to determine the XGS-PON ONT capabilities for enterprise customers to ensure its service quality. XGS-PON ONT's performance evaluates optical interface capability parameters such as nominal line rate, operating wavelength, mean launch power, sensitivity, and overload. Also, data function capability parameters testing includes the VLAN ID, VLAN translate, and jumbo frame. Optical interface test results show that the XGS-PON ONT enterprise has an upstream nominal line rate capability of 9.81221 Gbps and supports an upstream operating wavelength of 1269,509 nm. The XGS-PON ONT results of mean launch power, sensitivity, and overload comply with the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) class requirements of N1 and N2. The test results of data function capability show that the XGS-PON ONT for enterprise customers can deliver 4000 Virtual Local Area Network Identifiers (VLAN IDs), supports the VLAN translate function jumbo frames from 2000 to 9000 bytes. The optical interface and data function capability of XGS-PON ONT shows the results following ITU-T G.9807, IEEE 802.1q, and Broadband Forum technical reports.
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1,357
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of window size and its location on resonant frequencies of a rectangular microstrip antenna, and key words: Microstrip antennas, Resonance, Resonant frequency, Mobile antennas, Mobile communication, Multifrequency antennas, Microwave antennas, Receiving antennas, Fractal antennas, Feeds. Abstract: The effects of introducing window(s) on the metal patch of a rectangular microstrip patch, on the resonant frequencies of the two modes are investigated. The change in the resonant frequencies with variation in dimensions of the metal patch are also studied.. The results are useful for similar studies on other antenna structures for multiband behaviour useful in mobile communication. The results form the basis for realizing the resonant frequency values of a microstrip antenna of any geometrical configuration.
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1,358
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Please write an abstract with title: A Photonic Recurrent Neuron for Time-Series Classification, and key words: Photonics, Optical network units, Optical attenuators, Nonlinear optics, Neurons, Optical pulses, Training. Abstract: Neuromorphic photonics has turned into a key research area for enabling neuromorphic computing at much higher data-rates compared to their electronic counterparts, improving significantly the (multiply-and-accumulate) MAC/sec. At the same time, time-series classification problems comprise a large class of artificial intelligence (AI) applications where speed and latency can have a decisive role in their hardware deployment roadmap, highlighting the need for ultra-fast hardware implementations of simplified recurrent neural networks (RNN) that can be extended in more advanced long-short-term-memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) machines. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate a novel photonic recurrent neuron (PRN) to classify successfully a time-series vector with 100-psec optical pulses and up to 10 Gb/s data speeds, reporting on the fastest all-optical real-time classifier. Experimental classification of 3-bit optical binary data streams is presented, revealing an average accuracy of >91% and confirming the potential of PRNs to boost speed and latency performance in time-series AI applications.
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1,359
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Please write an abstract with title: Unpacking Misinformation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study, and key words: COVID-19, Fake news, Social networking (online), Vaccines, Pandemics, Government, Interviews. Abstract: Misinformation knows no bounds, but its impacts are particularly prominent in low-income countries, such as Pakistan, where social media usage is widespread, and health and media literacy levels are too low to navigate pitfalls when consuming COVID-19-related misinformation. This mixed methods study deploys a researcher-administered survey $(N=380)$(N=380) and semistructured interviews $(N=30)$(N=30) to assess how exposure to social media affects people’s perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan against the backdrop of sociocultural nuances and an “infodemic” of COVID-19 misinformation. In addition, we show that the triad of social media usage, COVID-19 misinformation, and sociocultural aspects affect sociodemographic groups differentially. Nearly 80% of the total respondents were social media users. The survey results indicate that belief in COVID-19-related misinformation was higher among low-income and poorly educated respondents in comparison to respondents from relatively high-income and educated backgrounds, whereas the interviewees were increasingly susceptible to political-, scientific-, and religious-sounding misinformation about COVID-19.
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1,360
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Please write an abstract with title: A Regularized Minimum Cross-entropy Algorithm on Mixture of Experts for Curve Detection, and key words: Image processing, Computer science, Computer vision, Pattern recognition, Sequential analysis, Pixel, Bayesian methods, Equations. Abstract: Curve detection is a basic problem in image processing and remains a difficult problem. In this paper, with the help of regularization theory, we aim to solve this problem via a gradient regularized minimum cross-entropy(RMCE) algorithm on the mixture of experts (ME) model, which can automatically make model selection. It is demonstrated by the simulation and image experiments that this gradient algorithm can not only detect curves (straight lines or circles) against noise, but also automatically determine the number of curves during parameter learning.
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1,361
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Please write an abstract with title: Chinese Medical Named Entity Recognition Based on Multi-word Segmentation and Multi-layer BILSTM, and key words: Training, Conferences, Computational modeling, Semantics, Feature extraction, Data models, Software. Abstract: To solve the problem that a single Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) model can only learn the features of a specific dimension, and the local dependence between characters is easily lost when character-level segmentation is used to extract semantic features, this paper proposes a Chinese medical named entity recognition method based on multi-segmentation and multi-layer BILSTM. The purpose of multi-word segmentation is to enrich the semantic features that can be used in the model learning process, so as to further improve the entity recognition ability of the model. Multi-layer bidirectional long short-term memory can obtain feature information of different dimensions by setting hidden layers of different sizes, and use the attention mechanism to capture global information. Experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the performance of Chinese medical named entity recognition, and obtain 78.69% F value in real electronic medical record dataset.
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1,362
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Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic Suppression Strategy Of 12-Pulse Controlled Rectifier, and key words: Current control, Harmonics suppression, Simulation, Rectifiers, Pulse width modulation, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: In order to improve the harmonic suppression ability of 12-pulse controlled rectifier, a DC-side harmonic suppression scheme based on predictive current control strategy is studied. The control strategy improves the input current waveform of the rectifier by adding a boost converter circuit on the DC-side to meet the requirements of input current harmonic suppression under different load conditions. According to the current relationship between AC and DC sides of 12-pulse rectifier and the ideal current waveform at DC side, this paper analyzes and gives the input current waveform of boost converter circuit, and uses PWM method to adjust the input current of boost converter. Simulation results show that this method can effectively suppress the input current harmonics of 12-pulse controlled rectifier.
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1,363
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Sliding Mode Tracking Guidance for Mars Powered Descent Phase, and key words: Trajectory tracking, Simulation, Numerical simulation, Trajectory, Engines. Abstract: In order to make sure that the Mars lander can track the reference trajectory quickly in the powered descent phase, an improved sliding mode tracking guidance law is designed. The guidance law is composed of an enhanced exponential reaching law and a nonlinear sliding surface. The main advantage of this guidance law is that the lander tracks the desired trajectory without chattering phenomenon in a finite time. Besides, to guarantee the actual output thrust satisfying the engine thrust magnitude constraint, a saturation function is applied to the limit the output thrust of the lander. The effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode guidance law is verified by numerical simulations.
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1,364
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Please write an abstract with title: An Optimal Design of High Gain Beidou Anti-Jamming Antenna, and key words: Antenna measurements, Connectors, Dielectric substrates, Dielectric losses, Microstrip antennas, Antenna feeds, Dielectric measurement. Abstract: An optimal design method of high gain Beidou anti-jamming antenna is introduced in this paper. The antenna adopts high dielectric constant $\left(\varepsilon_{r}\right)$ ceramic material to realize the miniaturization of the antenna. The effects of dielectric thickness (T) and $\varepsilon_{r}$ on the performance of square radiation patch and cross radiation patch antennas are analyzed. The square patch radiation antenna with the best performance is selected, and the “Y” shaped array antenna conformal design with missile borne metal carrier is simulated and measured. The measured results show that Beidou anti-jamming antenna designed by this method has the performance of high radiation gain and low elevation gain. Different from the conventional antenna bottom feeding, the side feeding of this antenna is realized by adding a low dielectric loss dielectric substrate at the bottom of the antenna to lead the feeding point position to the connector position through the microstrip line, which overcomes the limitation of the installation space and realizes the compact design of the antenna.
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1,365
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Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Assessment and Model Validation of the SPARC Toroidal Field Model Coil, and key words: Electromagnets, fusion reactors, superconducting magnets, tokamaks. Abstract: In this article, the SPARC Toroidal Field Model Coil (TFMC) experimental tests are described. The tests include detailed comparisons to a hierarchy of electromagnetic and structural models of the coil. The tests confirm the ability of the no-insulation no-twist (NINT) configuration to provide highly stable dc operations with peak magnetic field in excess of 20 T at the rare earth yttrium barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape stacks. The advantages of the modular TFMC approach are validated including the ability to test and probe the REBCO and structural response of the coil in stages, a strategy that will be applied to large-scale coil production for SPARC. The electromagnetic models show high fidelity agreement to the dc and charging coil performance in terms of current distribution, voltages, and heating. The transient response of the TFMC to open-circuit events is examined. The coil exhibits the positive features of the NINT design with very low induced voltages and a predictable redistribution of current and resulting volumetric heating. However, highly localized damage occurs during a programmed open circuit at operational conditions similar to those used in the SPARC tokamak, in agreement with calibrated electromagnetic models. This reveals the cause and remedy to the thermal instability that gives rise to the damage. Therefore, the conclusion of the tests is that the NINT TFMC is confirmed as meeting the programmatic requirements for SPARC and, more generally, for high-field tokamaks.
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1,366
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Please write an abstract with title: /spl rho/-domain rate-distortion optimal rate control for DCT-based video coders, and key words: Rate-distortion, Optimal control, Bit rate, Decoding, Encoding, Rate distortion theory, Quantization, Discrete cosine transforms, Helium, Circuits and systems. Abstract: Most real-time MPEG-like encoders are designed to perform in a constant bit rate (CBR) mode, in which large deviations from a target rate are avoided at any time instant because of video buffer rules set at the decoder. A rate-control method at the encoder ensures that by intelligent selection of encoding parameters, the video buffer constraints are met, while at the same time a best possible video quality is achieved. Almost all reported rate-control methods model the rate and distortion in terms of the quantization step size. A recently suggested alternative is to use /spl rho/, the fraction of zeros among the quantized DCT coefficients (He, Z. and Mitra, S.K., IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.12, no.11, 2002). We address the problems associated with the /spl rho/-domain rate-control approaches in the literature. In addition, we propose a robust MPEG-2 rate-control algorithm that aims to minimize picture quality variations. Our extensive analysis with several video sequences and using the MPEG-2 codec indicates that the proposed algorithm can achieve a more uniform visual quality, and provides a PSNR gain that ranges from 0.5 dB at 2 Mbps to 0.9 dB at 6 Mbps over TM5 on the average.
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1,367
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Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study on Electronic Nose Data Analysis Tools, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Dimensionality reduction, Principal component analysis, Sensors, Sensor arrays, Kernel, Data visualization. Abstract: In the last decades, the electronic nose technology has been providing considerable advantages in practical applications including food and beverage quality assessment, medical diagnosis, security systems and air monitoring. Electronic nose systems include both hardware and software components. Sensors allow the system to collect gas/odor samples and the software carries out the classification process. While choosing robust, sensitive and compact elements is significant for the hardware requirements, the key point in the software part is selecting the appropriate algorithm, which is typically a challenging, time consuming and laborious process. Therefore in this study, an extensive comparison of the most commonly employed unsupervised data analysis algorithms in practical electronic nose applications is carried out. These approaches are also compared with supervised methods. Frequently used four dimensionality reduction techniques and four distinct clustering and classification algorithms are employed aiming at choosing the most suitable algorithms for further research in this domain.
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1,368
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Please write an abstract with title: ISAR Imaging Motion Compensation in Low SNR Environments Using Phase Gradient and Filtering Techniques, and key words: Radar imaging, Radar, Imaging, Signal to noise ratio, Transforms, Radar scattering, Mathematical model. Abstract: In a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, conventional range profiles-based motion compensation (MoCo) methods become inapplicable for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. In this article, a novel method for range profile alignment along with phase adjustment is proposed. The method is applied in the uncompressed phase history domain without the need for a prominent point. Motion errors are estimated from a phase map using only fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hadamard multiplication operations, making the method suitable for real-time applications. The proposed method strives to aggregate the energy of all scatterers into a single peak by 2-D coherent accumulation incorporating the product of the radar pulse backscattering and its subsequent pulse, hence the reference to phase gradient processing (PGP). This process strengthens SNR and overcomes the problems associated with low signal power, even when the range profiles are submerged in noise. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
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1,369
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobility database overflow control in 3G cellular networks, and key words: Databases, Intelligent networks, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Registers, Mobile radio mobility management, Costs, 3G mobile communication, Computer science, Performance analysis, Capacity planning. Abstract: In a 3G cellular network, the gateway location registers (GLRs), the visitor location registers (VLRs) and the home location registers (HLRs) form a three-level mobility database structure. When users leave a GLR/VLR service area, the corresponding records in the GLR/VLR are deleted. Due to mobility, a GLR/VLR database may overflow at some time periods when the number of visitors significantly increases in the GLR/VLR area. If the GLR/VLR is full, the registration procedure fails and the system cannot deliver services to incoming users under the existing cellular technology. We propose a hierarchical database overflow control mechanism in 3G cellular networks to effectively eliminate the GLR/VLR overflow problem, and incoming users can continuously use the service with insignificant extra overhead. An analytic model is proposed to investigate the performance of the hierarchical database overflow control scheme.
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1,370
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Please write an abstract with title: Topology Preserving Segmentation Fusion For Cells With Complex Shapes, and key words: Image segmentation, Visualization, Shape, Annotations, Fuses, Benchmark testing, Topology. Abstract: We present an algorithm to fuse simply connected segmentation masks of complex and variable shapes that often appear in cell imaging. The algorithm is designed to preserve topology of the input masks and to faithfully represent their protrusions. It works in three main phases: (1) the detection of geodesic ends that correspond to the protrusions, (2) optimal matching of the geodesic ends, and (3) contour averaging of corresponding boundary segments. We show that our algorithm overcomes commonly used pixel-wise fusion algorithms (namely majority voting, SIMPLE, STAPLE, and topology-preserving STAPLE), as well as recently published geometric median shapes in terms of the visual quality of results as well as better representation of protrusions. We demonstrate the performance of our method based on synthetic images as well as real images from the cell segmentation benchmark datasets.
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1,371
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Please write an abstract with title: Semidefinite Program Based Optimal Power Flow Formulation With Voltage Regulators in Multiphase Distribution Networks, and key words: Regulators, Scalability, Distribution networks, Convex functions, Power systems, Distributed power generation, Mutual couplings. Abstract: Recently the problem of optimal power flow(OPF) for unbalanced three phase distribution networks has been drawing a lot of attention of the power system researchers due to the necessity of coordination of numerous distributed energy resources in the network. The non-convexity and complexity of three phase OPF problem is much higher than the single phase networks. In this paper, a semidefinite programming based OPF model has been proposed for the radial networks which includes the operation of OLTC and voltage regulators. The proposed solution is computationally efficient and was able to yield the global optimal solution. The formulation is tested on IEEE 123 bus system and modified 650 bus networks with different level of DER penetration to prove the scalability.
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1,372
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Please write an abstract with title: Backscatter-Enabled Efficient V2X Communication With Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, and key words: Performance evaluation, NOMA, Time division multiple access, Wireless sensor networks, Resource management, Optimization, Backscatter. Abstract: Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and backscatter communications are considered to be promising technologies for beyond the fifth-generation (5G) due to their applications in large-scale Internet-of-things networks for providing low-powered and spectral-efficient communication. NOMA also provides a new way to enable vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks and improve the achievable rates through cooperation. Motivated by these developments, we provided a novel analysis for NOMA-enabled backscatter-based V2X networks. Specifically, we consider that several vehicles are connected to the base station (BS) via different roadside units (RSUs) and the backscatter tags along the road. These backscatter tags can be considered ultra-low-powered safety sensors that communicate with the vehicles using the same spectrum resources. To optimize the performance of such networks, a joint problem of optimal power allocation at BS and RSUs has been formulated. Subsequently, the problem has been transformed into a convex problem and solved using KKT conditions and sub-gradient methods. To evaluate the performance of the proposed solution, Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed in MATLAB. The acquired results clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach performs better than the conventional suboptimal NOMA scheme and joint optimal TDMA scheme.
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1,373
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Please write an abstract with title: Motion analysis for face capturing, and key words: Motion analysis, Face recognition, Biometrics, Data acquisition, Data security, Image analysis, Image motion analysis, Authentication, Engines, Testing. Abstract: Face recognition is one of the most suitable biometric methods for supporting systems that require high security. The success of a face recognition system involves more than just the comparison algorithm. Face data acquisition is the first step towards developing face recognition systems. The accuracy of a face recognition system greatly depends on the face data acquired. This paper proposes the head-nodding method for face capturing using motion analysis. By analyzing the head-nodding motion of the user, the head-nodding method captures face images with consistent orientation to support face verification systems. In this paper, the design and implementation of the head-nodding method is presented. Preliminary experimental results are also presented.
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1,374
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Please write an abstract with title: Normalized Naïve Bayes Model to predict Type –2 Diabetes Mellitus, and key words: Industries, Heart, Obesity, Databases, Hospitals, Predictive models, Market research. Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a serious illness that distresses a large number of people all over the world. Diabetes Mellitus may be caused by age, obesity, lack of exercise, genetic diabetes, lifestyle, poor diet, high blood pressure, and other factors. Diabetics are at a greater risk of contracting conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, eye disorders, nerve damage, and so on. The current hospital procedure is to gather necessary information for diabetes diagnosis via different tests, and then offer appropriate care based on the diagnosis. In the healthcare industry, machine learning and deep learning play a significant role. Databases in the healthcare industry are huge. Data analytics can be used to examine large databases and uncover secret information and trends, allowing users to gain insight from the data and forecast outcomes accordingly. The classification and prediction accuracy of the current system is not very good. Normalized Naïve Bayes (NNB) model is proposed in this paper, and its performances are compared in terms of different parameters to help with classification. RapidMiner Studio is used to carry out the execution.
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1,375
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Please write an abstract with title: MEMS-fabricated ICPF grippers for aqueous applications, and key words: Grippers, Polymer films, Robotics and automation, Conducting materials, Chemical technology, Actuators, Microactuators, Micromechanical devices, Fabrication, Microinjection. Abstract: This paper presents the results of our ongoing investigation of using Nafion solution to construct micron scale actuators as grippers for underwater manipulation. We have demonstrated MEMS-based fabrication of cantilever structures composed of Au/Nafion/Au film layers on silicon substrates is possible. The smallest actuators fabricated were 30 /spl mu/m wide, 300 /spl mu/m long and 0.4 /spl mu/m thick. We have shown that 2-finger actuators (each 100 /spl mu/m wide, 1200 /spl mu/m long and 0.4 /spl mu/m thick) could be fully actuated in water at /spl sim/7 V DC. In addition, we have found that micro Au/Nafion/Au cantilevers can respond to pH level changes in a solution environment, suggesting that they could potentially be used as biological sensors.
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1,376
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Resource and Power Allocation for Sum Rate Maximization in D2D- Assisted Caching Networks, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Resource management, Optimization, Interference, Signal to noise ratio, Tracking, Quality of service. Abstract: Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has become a promising technology to enhance the performance of cellular networks. The major challenge for resource sharing in D2D networks lies in the co-interference between cellular users and the originated D2D connections. In addition, power allocation for D2D connections and cellular users sharing the same spectrum is also a problem for these networks. In D2D caching networks, caching contents at users' devices can significantly reduce large network headaches. This becomes a promising solution for controlling limited resources. Maximizing the cached portions delivered to users using D2D communications requires combined consideration for guaranteed D2D channels and their allocated power. In this paper, a joint optimization problem of caching content caching delivery with resource and power allocation awareness to improve the performance of D2D caching networks is presented. We aim to enhance the performance of such networks by maximizing the overall sum rate of D2D and cellular users. An optimization problem for sum rate is formulated under the constraint of power requirements and Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). The proposed optimization problem will be solved using an optimization algorithm by jointly optimize channel and power allocation. The simulation results show that the performance of the optimal scenario with effectively selecting suitable locality ratio and D2D power optimization can lead to valuable gains in the sum rate.
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1,377
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Please write an abstract with title: International abstracts, and key words: Abstracts. Abstract: Presents abstracts of selected international papers in the communications industry.
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1,378
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Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Influence of Identification Precision on Modeling Accuracy in Belief Rule Base, and key words: Training, Pipelines, Leak detection. Abstract: Many current Belief Rule Base (BRB)-related training and learning studies have been focused on BRB parameter, BRB structure learning, or their combination. Comparatively, the number and utilities of scales have not been optimized mainly because they do not have direct influence on the structure of BRB. Nonetheless, it is not clear how the number and utilities of scales would affect the modeling accuracy. Therefore, two hypotheses are tested in this study, namely, whether including the utilities of scales would affect the modeling accuracy, and whether the number of scales would affect the modeling accuracy. With a practical pipeline leak detection case, it is validated that: (1) the utilities of scales do not have direct influence on the modeling accuracy, and (2) the number of scales do not have direct influence on the modeling accuracy. Further t-tests are conducted, which also produces consistent results.
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1,379
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Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive Analytics of Social Media Services for Edge Resource Pre-Allocation in Industrial Manufacturing, and key words: Social networking (online), Industrial Internet of Things, Industries, Resource management, Deep learning, Delays, Residual neural networks. Abstract: With the development of industrial intelligence, the resource requests of various social media services in smart cities are expanding rapidly. For hosting services, the edge computing (EC) platform for its low-latency resource provisioning is fully explored. However, the mapping between edge servers (ESs) and services affects the service latency. Meanwhile, the real-time dynamic distribution of resource requirements also impairs the load balance. Therefore, how to optimize the load balance of ESs while meeting the latency-critical requests remains challenging. To deal with the above challenge, in this article, we propose a resource pre-allocation (RPA) method for the social media services with cognitive analytics. Technically, the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet) is employed to complete the cognitive analytics of resource requests. Then based on the analysis results, the optimal resource allocation (ORA) scheme is designed with multiobjective optimization. Finally, the performance of RPA is evaluated by a real-world resource request data set.
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1,380
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Please write an abstract with title: Segment Detection Algorithm: CAN bus intrusion detection based on Bit Constraint, and key words: Wireless communication, Machine learning algorithms, Intrusion detection, Multimedia computing, Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Detection algorithms. Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet of Vehicles and autonomous driving technologies, car manufacturers provide more comfortable and safe driving experience while gradually exposing their vehicles to the background of cyber-attacks. As the car’s interior communicates through the CAN bus, the intrusion detection for CAN bus becomes crucial. Some studies use bus data characteristics, machine learning algorithms, or information theory algorithms to perform intrusion detection on the CAN bus, but they have problems such as low detection accuracy, high performance requirements, and insufficient detection granularity. This paper innovatively proposes a lightweight detection algorithm—Segment Detection Algorithm (SDA), which calculates the bit flip rate by segment, discovers the variation relationship between bits within each segment, and utilizes multiple inter-message features to achieve the detection of abnormal traffic. Experiments show that compared with existing research, the algorithm has effectively improved the detection accuracy, especially the detection of replay attacks. In addition, the algorithm has extremely low time complexity, can adapt to the limited resources in the vehicle environment, and achieve high-precision real-time detection of abnormal traffic.
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1,381
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Please write an abstract with title: Harnessing adaptive dynamics in neuro-memristive nanowire networks for transfer learning, and key words: Junctions, Nanobioscience, Neuromorphics, Training, Task analysis, Reservoirs, Switches. Abstract: Nanowire networks (NWNs) represent a unique hardware platform for neuromorphic information processing. In addition to exhibiting synapse-like resistive switching memory at their cross-point junctions, their self-assembly confers a neural network-like topology to their electrical circuitry, something that is impossible to achieve through conventional top-down fabrication approaches. In addition to their low power requirements, cost effectiveness and efficient interconnects, neuromorphic NWNs are also fault-tolerant and self-healing. These highly attractive properties can be largely attributed to their complex network connectivity, which enables a rich repertoire of adaptive nonlinear dynamics, including edge-of-chaos criticality. Here, we show how the adaptive dynamics intrinsic to neuromorphic NWNs can be harnessed to achieve transfer learning. We demonstrate this through simulations of a reservoir computing implementation in which NWNs perform the well-known benchmarking task of Mackey-Glass (MG) signal forecasting. First we show how NWNs can predict MG signals with arbitrary degrees of unpredictability (i.e. chaos). We then show that NWNs pre-exposed to a MG signal perform better in forecasting than NWNs without prior experience of an MG signal. This type of transfer learning is enabled by the network's collective memory of previous states. Overall, their adaptive signal processing capabilities make neuromorphic NWNs promising candidates for emerging real-time applications in IoT devices in particular, at the far edge.
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1,382
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Please write an abstract with title: Large-scale Robust Deep AUC Maximization: A New Surrogate Loss and Empirical Studies on Medical Image Classification, and key words: Dams, Stochastic processes, Benchmark testing, Skin, Task analysis, Optimization, X-ray imaging. Abstract: Deep AUC Maximization (DAM) is a new paradigm for learning a deep neural network by maximizing the AUC score of the model on a dataset. Most previous works of AUC maximization focus on the perspective of optimization by designing efficient stochastic algorithms, and studies on generalization performance of large-scale DAM on difficult tasks are missing. In this work, we aim to make DAM more practical for interesting real-world applications (e.g., medical image classification). First, we propose a new margin-based min-max surrogate loss function for the AUC score (named as the AUC min-max-margin loss or simply AUC margin loss for short). It is more robust than the commonly used AUC square loss, while enjoying the same advantage in terms of large-scale stochastic optimization. Second, we conduct extensive empirical studies of our DAM method on four difficult medical image classification tasks, namely (i) classification of chest x-ray images for identifying many threatening diseases, (ii) classification of images of skin lesions for identifying melanoma, (iii) classification of mammogram for breast cancer screening, and (iv) classification of microscopic images for identifying tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrate that the proposed DAM method improves the performance of optimizing cross-entropy loss by a large margin, and also achieves better performance than optimizing the existing AUC square loss on these medical image classification tasks. Specifically, our DAM method has achieved the 1st place on Stanford CheXpert competition on Aug. 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that makes DAM succeed on large-scale medical image datasets. We also conduct extensive ablation studies to demonstrate the advantages of the new AUC margin loss over the AUC square loss on benchmark datasets. The proposed method is implemented in our open-sourced library LibAUC (www.libauc.org) whose github address is https://github.com/Optimization-AI/LibAUC.
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1,383
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Please write an abstract with title: A Novel High-Resolution Imaging Method Using Reduced-Dimension Beamspace Unitary MUSIC for OFDM-MIMO Radar, and key words: Radar imaging, OFDM, Two dimensional displays, Imaging, Multiple signal classification, Radar antennas. Abstract: Imaging of maneuvering targets has become a challenging topic recently. This study proposes an improved MUSIC-based single-snapshot imaging method for OFDM-MIMO radar. At the transmitter part, for orthogonal waveform generation, the interleaved OFDM structure is developed that each transmitter only radiates at an equidistant set of OFDM subcarriers unique to itself. At the receiver part, a novel preprocessing scheme is presented to separate multiple transmit/receive paths and compensate the reference point. Preprocessed echo matrix can fit the model of two-Dimensional (2D) MUSIC algorithm, except for the coupling between radial/cross-range in the virtual antenna array. Correspondingly, we modify the 2D ElementSpace (ES)-MUSIC. In the meantime, a 2D Reduced-Dimension BeamSpace Unitary-MUSIC (RD-BS-UMUSIC) algorithm is proposed for computational complexity reduction and estimation performance enhancement. Numerical results of a simulated target consists of limited number of scatterers and a complex target (a Boeing 737-800 plane) verify that the proposed algorithm can improve the imaging quality and reduce computational complexity effectively compared with the traditional method.
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1,384
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Please write an abstract with title: The E‐CARGO Model, and key words: Object recognition, Collaboration, Production facilities, Data structures, Object oriented programming, Object oriented modeling. Abstract: Based on the role concepts and principles discussed in the previous chapters, we can obtain some rough ideas about the characteristics of complex systems. By establishing a formal model to define and specify the role concept, a much clearer view of complex systems can be formed. For a complex system to succeed, a clear and well‐defined specification of its components is necessary. Such a specification supports the robustness, efficiency, and correctness of the entire system. This chapter describes the internal structures of a Role‐Based Collaboration (RBC) system and a formal model, Environments ‐ Classes, Agents, Roles, Groups and Objects (E‐CARGO), for systems. With E‐CARGO, objects, classes, roles, agents and other components are underlying mechanisms that offer technological support for collaboration. The relations among the components of E‐CARGO help understand the properties of an RBC system.
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1,385
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Please write an abstract with title: On-Demand Recharge Scheduling Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Schedules, Scheduling algorithms, Energy exchange, Surveillance, Scheduling, Sensor systems. Abstract: In recent years, energy transfer technology provides a new opportunity for recharging the sensors using the mobile charger. Most of the studies proposed recharging algorithms using a single charger but overlooked the consideration of multiple chargers and cooperation between them. Therefore, this paper proposed an On-Demand Recharge Scheduling (ODRS) algorithm for multiple mobile chargers, aiming to improve the network surveillance quality (NSQ). In this paper, the network is partitioned into many subregions. One mobile charger is employed in each subregion to recharge the sensors based on the benefit of coverage quality (BCQ) obtained. In addition, there is cooperation between neighboring mobile chargers. Experiments are evaluated to show the achieved NSQ of the proposed ODRS algorithm.
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1,386
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Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of Radial-Artery Strain and Stiffness by Using Noninvasive Ultrasound and a Low-Power Peak Detector, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Frequency measurement, Arteries, Detectors, Sensors, Transducers, Ultrasonic variables measurement. Abstract: Ultrasound (US) is one of the newest methods used to measure critical arterial parameters, such as blood pressure (BP). Continuous, noninvasive, and accurate measurements are very attractive for the patient and clinicians. US sensors developed up to now extract noninvasively BP by using algorithms based on a constant brachial stiffness, leading to wrong values. Due to the nonlinear viscoelasticity properties of the radial-artery, high variations on the strain and stiffness of this artery during one cardiac cycle are expected. Thus, in this letter, stiffness measurements of a mimicked radial artery are performed by using a custom fabricated US-sensor and the high influence of the stiffness variations in the systolic and diastolic BP values is demonstrated. For this purpose, an accurate 5 MHz piezo transducer, made of lead zirconate titanate, has been used. Thanks to a high accurate and ultra-broadband (1 KHz–30 MHz) modeling of the piezo based on a multiresonant Butterworth-Van-Dyke model, a high-speed and high-gain peak detector could be developed. This US system allows for continuous and noninvasive measurement of the strain and stiffness of the radial artery, which determine the biological age of the vascular tree and deliver a more relevant predictive maker of cardiovascular events and changes than brachial BP.
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1,387
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Control System for BLDCM without Position Sensor, and key words: Brushless DC motors, Rotors, Inverters, Commutation, Windings, Voltage control, Switches. Abstract: The rotor position detection of brushless DC motor(BLDCM) without position sensor is studied. According to the mechanical structure and control characteristics of brushless DC motor ,The method of detecting the back electromotive force by zero-crossing is used to model and simulate the position sensorless control system of the brushless DC motor by citing a method of detecting the position of the rotor to obtain the position of the rotor. A mathematical model of the three-phase brushless DC motor was established, and the simulation model of the control system was established in MATLAB/Simulink. The motor armature current, back electromotive force, motor speed, etc. are analyzed at a given speed and variable load. The feasibility of the above control method is verified by experiments, and the normal operation of the brushless DC motor without position sensor in the full speed range is realized.
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1,388
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Linear Generator Design’S Parameters For Output Power Using Mix Numerical And Analytical Technique, and key words: Generators, Coils, Magnetic fields, Magnetic flux density, Magnetic cores, Windings, Power generation. Abstract: Permanent magnet linear devices have wide applications in various fields. In the field of wave energy conversion, the use of linear generator has earlier been regarded as difficult and uneconomical due to technical problems. Researches on wave energy converters have been carried out, but the conversion efficiency is still limited. Studies of the magnetic field of a linear generator have shown the ability to significantly improve performance when using the Halbach array magnets structure. In this study, a mixed numerical and analytical technique is presented to optimize linear generator design's parameters for wave energy converter power performance. At first, numerical method used for maximize of magnetic field's strength inside linear generator. Then, a matlab-simulink program use the simulated magnetic field result to optimize the power of the linear generator.
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1,389
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Please write an abstract with title: A Data Encoding Method for Multipath Anonymous Transmission, and key words: Redundancy, Packet loss, Network coding, Reliability theory, Encoding, Mathematical models, Data communication. Abstract: Nowadays, with the development of Internet communication, multipath transfer technology has been widely used in heterogeneous network communication. Multipath transfer technology enables efficient data transmission through multiple transmission paths to achieve the effect of aggregated bandwidth. However, traditional anonymous communication networks, such as Tor, I2P, etc., are single streams of data transmission. In the process of data transmission, it is easy to become the target of attacker’s listening, which makes the data easy to be damaged or even intercepted by the attacker, and cannot realize the requirement of secure, efficient and reliable data transmission. Therefore, this paper proposes an anonymous multipath transfer method based on data network coding. First, in the paper we propose a mathematical model for coding based on a circulant matrix. This model is about 80% more efficient in coding flexibility and coding/decoding efficiency compared with Galois Field (GF), and the redundant coding can tolerate 50% of packet loss. Second, a new multipath transfer mechanism is proposed in combination with data network coding, which can effectively avoid anonymity attacks. Finally, through simulation experimental tests, the results show that the method can effectively improve the reliability of data transmission in anonymous communication networks.
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1,390
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Please write an abstract with title: Poster: Network Performance Upgrade by Cut Spanners, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Software algorithms, Routing, Load management, Software defined networking. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new spanner algorithm which is based on computation of minimum cuts, and insertion of the edges crossing the cut to the spanner. The aim is to decrease the number of active links in the network while still maintaining the ability of the SDN (software defined networking) controller to perform load balancing. The spanner also can be used in order to reduce the running time of the SDN centralized routing algorithm to use. We present an algorithm to dynamically maintain the spanner under link insertion, deletion and changed weight. The analysis and simulation results show the superiority of our approach in many cases.
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1,391
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Please write an abstract with title: Polarization-preserved and polarization-rotated synchronization of chaotic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Chaos, Surface emitting lasers, Optical polarization, Laser modes, Laser feedback, Master-slave, Optical feedback, Mirrors, Chaotic communication. Abstract: The synchronization process in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based master-slave configuration, where the master laser has been destabilised by optical feedback from an external mirror, has been investigated. The dynamics of both VCSEL polarization modes have been modeled and used to study the chaos synchronization mechanism in both polarization preserved, and polarization rotated unidirectionally coupled master and slave configurations. Two types of synchronization have been identified in the polarization rotated case, one of which may afford an opportunity to effect multiplexed message encoding using orthogonal laser modes.
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1,392
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Please write an abstract with title: A simulation of an acoustic data link between underwater transducers and a moored buoy, and key words: Underwater acoustics, Acoustic transducers, Computational modeling, Equations, Oceans, Ray tracing, Computer simulation, Data communication, Mechanical engineering, Sea surface. Abstract: The development of a computer program for simulating underwater sound transmission is described. The simulation was funded by the NOAA Data Buoy Office to model acoustic data transmission between underwater current transducers and surface buoys. For speed and simplicity the ray tracing method of simulation is employed. The methodology for fitting equations to the velocity versus depth profile in this simulation is discussed in some detail. Comparisons between input data and fitted equations indicate the velocity profile fits are accurate to within 0.02 percent. The method of tracing ray paths and the resulting intensity calculations are also discussed. Finally it is noted that complete simulations are possible in less than 15 seconds of CPU time with storage requirements of less than 500 kilobytes on an IBM 3033 computer.
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1,393
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Please write an abstract with title: A multiprocessor system for AUV applications, and key words: Multiprocessing systems, Hypercubes, Command and control systems, Computer architecture, Underwater vehicles, Throughput, Hardware, Remotely operated vehicles, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance. Abstract: Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV's) require high processing throughput and fault tolerance combined with low power and volume. High throughput is directly related to mission complexity and the degree of vehicle autonomy. Complex acoustic and optical sensors must be interpreted in real time and decisions based on uncertain data must be formulated and executed. Unexpected occurrances including environmental anomalies and enemy threats force immediate action and revised tactical mission planning. The development of the Autonomous Command and Control Demonstration (ACCD) system as a component development of the Autonomus Underwater Vehicle (AUV) program by Lockheed Advanced Marine Systems (AMS) has estimated peak rates greater than 100 MIPS are required for Command and Control processing. The processing itself will be a combination of signal, algorithmic and symbolic processing. Both deterministic and probabalistic algorithms will require computation. For vehicle operations in a fully autonomous mode, any component failures must be corrected by an automated fault tolerant system. The AUV software architecture, developed as part of a detailed analysis, established the performance requirements for the Command and Control hardware. The characteristics of various hardware architectures such as distributed, common memory, data flow, systolic, and connection type systems were established and assessed to determine the hardware best suited to the software structure. A heterogeneous hypercube was found to be optimum. The hypercube is reconfigurable for fault tolerance, is flexible, and can achieve high throughputs with low power and without special cooling systems. AMS will use a commercially-available hypercube as the basis of their Command and Control Architecture for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle. This hypercube has a 32 bit architecture, extremely high message passing capability and will have image processing accelerators working in conjunction with standard cube nodes. Both symbolic and algorithmic processing will take place on the standard nodes. In this paper, system requirements, software hierarchy, computer architecture analysis and the resulting hypercube design will be discussed in detail.
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1,394
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Please write an abstract with title: Corrections to "An Empirical Relationship for Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in Man for Near-Field Exposure Conditions", and key words: Electromagnetic wave absorption, Abstracts, Optical fiber couplers, Cities and towns, Equations, Frequency, Writing, Trademarks, Connectors. Abstract: In the above referenced paper, various corrections are noted.
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1,395
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Please write an abstract with title: Fault-Ride Through Strategy for Islanded Microgrids Via Dynamically Reconfigurable Voltage Reference, and key words: Microgrids, Switches, Power system stability, Inverters, Generators, Safety, Circuit faults. Abstract: In an islanded microgrid, the inverter interfaced distributed generators (IIDG) can easily burn out when short circuit faults occur. Also, the system voltage/frequency may suffer from large deviations due to the small system capacity and the absence of utility grid support. This paper proposes a fault-ride through (FRT) strategy for islanded microgrids via the dynamically reconfigurable voltage reference unit (DVRU). All the IIDGs will switch from the voltage control (VC) mode to the adaptive current control (ACC) mode coordinately when a fault occurs, and re-switch to the VC mode after the fault is cleared. The entire FRT process is guided by the DVRU. The local fault current differential time delay method (FCDDM) is also proposed to realize the automatic selection of DVRU. Moreover, when the present DVRU undergoes communication failure, a new DVRU will quickly replace the former one. Therefore, a reliable FRT control can be achieved to guarantee all the IIDGs' safety and system stability. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy both under short circuit faults and communication failure.
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1,396
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Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid flow model of cyber physical distribution network and an instantiated decentralized control application, and key words: Mathematical models, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Distribution networks, Process control, Numerical models, Decentralized control. Abstract: With the access of large amount of renewable energy sources (RES), operation uncertainty of distribution network increases significantly. Fortunately, adopting advanced information and communication technology, cyber-physical distribution network (CPDS) provides possibility to solve this problem via aggregative management of decentralized controllable loads. However, information flow in cyber space deeply interacts with energy flow in physical space, leading to complexity in modeling, design and analysis of the whole control process. To deal with this problem, a general hybrid flow model of CPDS is firstly proposed in this paper. In this model, control process is abstracted into interactions among three types of cyber nodes through cyber branches. The mathematic model of cyber nodes and branches are developed as well as that of controlled physical object for hybrid flow computation. Then, basing on hybrid model, an instantiated application to compensate feeder power deviation caused by RES fluctuation through aggregative control of large-scale air-conditioners (ACs) is explored. In this application, coordinative control of AC cluster is achieved through a decentralized control strategy with little communication cost and well privacy protection. Results of numerical example verifies correctness and flexibility of hybrid flow model in reflecting interactions between cyber flow and energy flow as well as system operation situation. Proposed decentralized control strategy of AC cluster is also proven to be effective and robust in FCE compensation.
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1,397
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-rank matrix completion and denoising under Poisson noise, and key words: matrix completion, matrix denoising, Poisson noise. Abstract: This paper considers the problem of estimating a low-rank matrix from the observation of all or a subset of its entries in the presence of Poisson noise. When we observe all entries, this is a problem of matrix denoising; when we observe only a subset of the entries, this is a problem of matrix completion. In both cases, we exploit an assumption that the underlying matrix is low-rank. Specifically, we analyse several estimators, including a constrained nuclear-norm minimization program, nuclear-norm regularized least squares and a non-convex constrained low-rank optimization problem. We show that for all three estimators, with high probability, we have an upper error bound (in the Frobenius norm error metric) that depends on the matrix rank, the fraction of the elements observed and the maximal row and column sums of the true matrix. We furthermore show that the above results are minimax optimal (within a universal constant) in classes of matrices with low-rank and bounded row and column sums. We also extend these results to handle the case of matrix multinomial denoising and completion.
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1,398
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Please write an abstract with title: The improved GMR characteristics of specular spin valve by nano-oxide layer formation with mixed gases, and key words: Spin valves, Gases, Oxidation, Reproducibility of results, Thermal stability, Magnetic heads, Magnetic recording, Electrons, Scattering, Plasmas. Abstract: Summary form only given. The enhanced MR ratio of over 10% and good thermal stability are strongly required for spin valve (SV) used in a read head in order to realize ultrahigh magnetic recording density beyond 40 Gbit/in/sup 2/. Recently, very applicable SVs with a pinned layer containing a nano-oxide layer (NOL) were suggested as a new technology for the improvement of MR ratio, where NOL enhances specular electron scattering. Several oxidation methods for NOL have been studied on the NOL interface control and MR improvement. Of these, plasma oxidation and ion beam oxidation can be hard to control the formation rate of very thin NOL. Accordingly natural oxidation is a good way to control the formation rate because of low oxidation rate. However, we found that natural oxidation in pure O/sub 2/ atmosphere did have a good reproducibility in our experiments. In order to improve the reproducibility of uniform NOL, we have investigated the natural oxidation conditions by mixed gases (O/sub 2//N/sub 2/ and O/sub 2//Ar) for the NOL formation. The SV samples used have the structure of Ta(5 nm)/NiFe(2.5 nm)/IrMn(7 nm)/CoFe(2.5 nm)/NOL/CoFe(1.5 nm)/Cu(2.6 nm)/CoFe(1.5 nm)/NiFe(4.5 nm)/Ta(5 nm).
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1,399
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Please write an abstract with title: On the use of planar EBGs in one dimensional (1D) scanning printed arrays, and key words: Periodic structures, Metamaterials, Planar arrays, Bandwidth, Surface waves, Manufacturing, Costs, Phased arrays, Personal communication networks, Pins. Abstract: In a companion paper (Llombart et al., 2005) presented in this same conference, the use of planar circularly symmetric (PCS) electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures for optimizing the performances of single antenna elements is discussed. A completely planar antenna with 20% of bandwidth which does not suffer from surface wave effects is presented. The key advantage of using this sort of super structures is that they are planar and thus very cheap to manufacture with respect to alternative EBG structures based on vertical pins (de Maagt et al., 2003 and Sievenpiper et al., 1999). In this contribution the design efforts are aimed at using planar EBGs to enhance the performances of ID scanning arrays. This kind of arrays, are becoming increasingly more requested for airborne SAR type of instruments and lower cost naval radars. The purpose of this paper is to provide a step toward the feasibility of fully-integrated planar arrays at very low costs providing a conceptual design. In particular, a design characterized by relatively large bandwidths (BW/spl ap/15%), can be achieved when the arrays are scanned up to 40/spl deg/ in one dimension only. This design will lead to the manufacture of a phased array demonstrator which do not suffer from surface waves.
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