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Please write an abstract with title: Bipolar detection for cross-tie memories, and key words: Threshold voltage, Temperature sensors, Circuit stability, Signal detection, Signal design, Magnetoresistance, Detectors, Magnetic films, Random access memory, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: A new method of cross-tie data bit detection which produces bipolar output signals (positive for "ones" and negative for "zeroes") is described. It eliminates the pedestal voltage and the need for a threshold to distinguish between "ones" and "zeroes", and reduces temperature stability requirements on memory elements and sensing circuits. The new method provides a more reliable detection function in memory systems compared to that of unipolar signal detection and is applicable to both serial access and random access crosstie memories. Bipolar signals are obtained by proper design of the magnetoresistive detector region of the film element and by applying a magnetic bias field alongs its hard axis during readout. Experimental data from both serial and random access memory devices and analysis of a theoretical model for the magnetization, bias field and sensing current relationships are presented.
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1,401
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Please write an abstract with title: A 1/spl times/2 fast fiber-optic switch based on electro-optic beam scanning, and key words: Optical beams, Optical fiber polarization, Packaging, Optical refraction, Optical switches, Structural beams, Voltage, Collimators, Optical fiber devices, Insertion loss. Abstract: We report a packaged 1times2 fiber-optic switch based on electro-optic beam scanning. The resulting optical switch exhibits an insertion loss of less than 4 dB and a rise time of 187 nsec at 1310 nm
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1,402
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Please write an abstract with title: Trained and Robust Parameter Based Path Sampling for Low Complexity MIMO Detection in 5G-NR, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, Costs, Detectors, Performance gain, Parity check codes, Decoding, Detection algorithms. Abstract: In this paper, a low complexity MIMO detection algorithm based on path sampling is proposed to achieve near-optimal performance with limited number of paths. Conventional list sphere decoders (LSD) have good detection performance but at cost of high computation complexity, while the random sampling (RS) based MIMO detectors may suffer from inevitable performance loss and sample repetition. To overcome these issues, we first propose a data-driven method, called the trained parameter based path sampling (TPbPS), to optimize the parameter of sampling distribution, and design an approach to improve the generalization performance. Further, we take advantages of the well-trained sampling distribution and derandomize the RS to develop the robust parameter based path sampling (RPbPS), while all the sampling paths are determined by the trained sampling distribution as well as the fixed and uniformly-distributed numbers. Combining these techniques yields an enhanced MIMO detection design that non-trivially advances the state-of-the-art, and can provide significant performance and complexity gains over the traditional LSD and RS methods.
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1,403
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Please write an abstract with title: Privacy-preserving Hamming distance Protocol and Its Applications, and key words: Privacy, Data privacy, Protocols, Hamming distance, Simulation, Transforms, Machine learning. Abstract: Hamming distance is one of the core problems in similarity calculation. It is a new problem in cryptography to calculate Hamming distance between two objects on the premise of privacy protection. It has important theoretical significance and application value in graph recognition, machine learning, artificial intelligence, bioinformatics and other aspects which are related to data privacy protection. In this paper, a new coding method is designed, which encodes the information of both sides to be calculated, transforms the problem into the one of finding the number of the same numbers between the two sets. Combined with the idea of XOR, we also solves the privacy protection problem of Hamming distance calculation with the help of homomorphic encryption algorithm. The solution in this paper is universal. The simulation results show that the protocol in this paper is secure. The analysis shows that the protocol can calculate the Hamming distance between two objects efficiently and safely.
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1,404
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Please write an abstract with title: TSC-ECFA:A Trusted Service Composition Scheme for Edge Cloud, and key words: Chaos, Web services, Conferences, Sociology, Quality of service, Reliability theory, Blockchains. Abstract: In order to select a composition scheme that meets user's needs and high performance from large-scale web services in the edge cloud, this paper proposes a trusted service composition optimization scheme called TSC-ECFA for edge cloud, which applies the predation strategy to the firefly algorithm (FA) and divides the services with the same input and output into one category, reducing the number of combinations to search for feasible solutions. The cotangent chaos theory is used to generate the initial firefly population and disturb the location of the individual to improve the overall search efficiency of FA. This paper also improves the step factor and attractiveness formula of FA to give full play to the detection ability of the step factor in the early stage of the algorithm, and balance the local search and the global search. Considering that the QoS attribute values of the service are vulnerable to be tampered with, the blockchain is used to store the QoS attribute values to ensure the tamper-proof and reliability of the QoS attribute value. Finally, simulation experiments compare the number of iterations and optimization of the three algorithms. The experimental results show that the comprehensive performance of TSC-ECFA is better than other algorithms.
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1,405
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Model Predictive Control for tracking of distributed linear systems with additive uncertainty, and key words: Linear systems, Uncertainty, Additives, Stochastic processes, Europe, Probabilistic logic, Steady-state. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a chance constrained stochastic model predictive control scheme for reference tracking of distributed linear time-invariant systems with additive stochastic uncertainty. The chance constraints are reformulated analytically based on mean-variance information, where we design suitable Probabilistic Reachable Sets for constraint tightening. Furthermore, the chance constraints are proven to be satisfied in closed-loop operation. The design of an invariant set for tracking complements the controller and ensures convergence to arbitrary admissible reference points, while a conditional initialization scheme provides the fundamental property of recursive feasibility. The paper closes with a numerical example, highlighting the convergence to changing output references and empirical constraint satisfaction.
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1,406
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Reconfiguration Processor for FIR Filter with High Speed, Low Power Consumption and High Flexibility, and key words: Power demand, Finite impulse response filters, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Scalability, Conferences, Parallel processing. Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of flexibility and scalability, a dynamic reconfigurable processor is designed to implement FIR algorithm. Firstly, this paper analyzes many different FIR structures; Secondly, a dynamic reconfigurable processor architecture and its workflow are designed, which includes an array of dynamic reconfigurable processing elements; Thirdly, this paper designs the input and output data flow, logic function and storage structure of each processing element; Finally, the simulation results show that the architecture can achieve low processing delay and high flexibility.
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1,407
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Please write an abstract with title: Secure Transmission via IUI Engineering for IRS-Assisted NOMA Systems, and key words: Interference, Signal to noise ratio, NOMA, Artificial intelligence, Security, Optimization, Eavesdropping. Abstract: Inter-user interference (IUI) engineering is utilized to degrade eavesdropping and enhance the physical layer security (PLS). In this letter, we propose a secure transmission strategy via IUI engineering for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system without eavesdroppers channel state information (CSI). We aim to reduce the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the passive eavesdropper to deteriorate eavesdropping by maximizing the transmit power of weaker users and modifying the successive interference cancelation (SIC) order. Moreover, two cases of combating eavesdropping via IUI engineering are considered according to different channel gain of secure users. The formulated problem is non-convex due to the highly coupled beamformers and reflection coefficients, we employ an alternating optimization (AO) framework to solve it. The results validate the advantages of introducing IUI engineering in the IRS-assisted NOMA system and the effectiveness of this optimization algorithm.
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1,408
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Please write an abstract with title: GCoD: Graph Convolutional Network Acceleration via Dedicated Algorithm and Accelerator Co-Design, and key words: Training, Limiting, Computer architecture, Boosting, Data processing, Inference algorithms, Hardware. Abstract: Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have emerged as the state-of-the-art graph learning model. However, it can be notoriously challenging to inference GCNs over large graph datasets, limiting their application to large real-world graphs and hindering the exploration of deeper and more sophisticated GCN graphs. This is because real-world graphs can be extremely large and sparse. Furthermore, the node degree of GCNs tends to follow the power-law distribution and therefore have highly irregular adjacency matrices, resulting in prohibitive inefficiencies in both data processing and movement and thus substantially limiting the achievable GCN acceleration efficiency. To this end, this paper proposes a GCN algorithm and accelerator Co-Design framework dubbed GCoD which can largely alleviate the aforementioned GCN irregularity and boost GCNs’ inference efficiency. Specifically, on the algorithm level, GCoD integrates a split and conquer GCN training strategy that polarizes the graphs to be either denser or sparser in local neighborhoods without compromising the model accuracy, resulting in graph adjacency matrices that (mostly) have merely two levels of workload and enjoys largely enhanced regularity and thus ease of acceleration. On the hardware level, we further develop a dedicated two-pronged accelerator with a separated engine to process each of the aforementioned denser and sparser workloads, further boosting the overall utilization and acceleration efficiency. Extensive experiments and ablation studies validate that our GCoD consistently reduces the number of off-chip accesses, leading to speedups 15286×, 294×, 7.8×, and 2.5× as compared to CPUs, GPUs, and prior-art GCN accelerators including HyGCN and AWB-GCN, respectively, while maintaining or even improving the task accuracy. Additionally, we visualize GCoD trained graph adjacency matrices for a better understanding of its advantages.
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1,409
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Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Teaching Approach to Cybersecurity: A Mathematical Model Explains Why It Works Well, and key words: Visualization, Education, Software, Mathematical model, Computer crime. Abstract: Teaching cybersecurity means teaching all possible ways how software can be attacked - and how to fight such attacks. From the usual pedagogical viewpoint, a natural idea seems to be to teach all these ways one by one. Surprisingly, a completely different approach works even better: when the class is divided into sparring mini-teams that try their best to attack each other and defend from each other. In spite of the lack of thoroughness, this approach generates good specialists - but why? In this paper, by analyzing a simple mathematical model of this situation, we explain why this approach work - and, moreover, we show that it is optimal in some reasonable sense.
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1,410
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Please write an abstract with title: IR-UWB Precision Distance Measuring System based on Correlation, and key words: Reflectivity, Heart rate, Transmitters, Receivers, Radar, Interference, Size measurement. Abstract: This study is designed through a 28 nm CMOS process, and proposes a system that calculates the time it took for a signal transmitted from a transmitter using ultra-wideband communication to reach a receiver, and converts it into energy using a correlator to calculate the distance of a precise object with the amount of converted energy. In the future, it can be usefully used as a sensor that obtains distance or speed information by combining it with radar for vehicles in an indoor as well as an external environment with severe interference.
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1,411
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Please write an abstract with title: High-speed Optical Camera Communication Using a CMOS-driven Micro-LED Projector, and key words: Cameras, Optical imaging, Optical modulation, MIMO communication, High-speed optical techniques, Photonics. Abstract: We demonstrate a 7.76-Mb/s optical camera communication system using a CMOS-driven micro-LED projector and a high-speed camera. PAM4 signals applied to 100 individual pixels were transmitted in an imaging multiple-input-multiple-output system. The results predict a potential data rate of \gt 1 Gb/s using the full chip.
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1,412
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Please write an abstract with title: Inkjet printing: a new technique for manufacturing solid insulation systems, and key words: Insulation, Electric potential, Electric breakdown, Microscopy, Dielectric materials, Three-dimensional printing, Dielectrics. Abstract: This work investigates several dielectric coatings, of different thicknesses, applied over metalized layers. More precisely, acrylate-based dielectric materials were fabricated using two different additive manufacturing techniques: spincoating and inkjet. While microscope imaging showed that uniform layers could be achieved by both techniques, breakdown strength, along with partial discharge measurements showed that microstructural defects were present in the bulk and that the quality of the printed layers decreases as the thickness of the layers increases. Nevertheless, it is shown that lacquer insulating layers, of variable thickness, can be easily obtained by inkjet printing. Even without any process optimization, they exhibit good dielectric properties, which shown their potential for electrical engineering applications.
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1,413
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Please write an abstract with title: Industrial Agglomeration, University-Industry Collaboration and Patent Output: Evidence From the Chinese High-Tech Industry, and key words: Technological innovation, Industries, Collaboration, Government, Patents, Research and development, Investment. Abstract: This article analyzes the different effects of industrial aggregation, industry-university collaboration, foreign direct investment and government support on innovation performance and the synergistic effect between them, thereby to identify the determinants of innovation output of Chinese high-tech industry in the period 2009-2018. The results indicate that industrial agglomeration and industry-university collaboration both have a significant positive impact on the patent output of high-tech industries, but the synergistic effect between industrial agglomeration and industry-university collaboration is significantly negative. Meanwhile, both of foreign direct investment and government support could negatively affect the innovation output, while their synergistic effect is positive.
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1,414
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Please write an abstract with title: Augmented reality for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder - A systematic review, and key words: Augmented reality, Autism, Systematics, Medical treatment, Education, Variable speed drives, Information and communication technology. Abstract: This article collects and analyzes information from various authors dedicated to the investigation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and in particular Augmented Reality (AR) in the treatment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). RA has ventured into the generation of different cognitive and emotional skills in children diagnosed with this disorder. Descriptive research was used for this study, through bibliographic review.
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1,415
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Please write an abstract with title: Precise Indoor Positioning System for Mobile Robots via Smoothed UWB/IMU Sensor Fusion, and key words: indoor positioning system (IPS), mobile robots, ultra-wideband (UWB), sensor fusion, inertial motion unit (IMU). Abstract: Indoor positioning systems (IPSs) are the foundations for all indoor location-based services and applications. In this article, we present a precise and robust IPS using ultra wide-band (UWB) technology fused with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Both technologies are integrated to account for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problems arising in a dense challenging environment found within an industrial laboratory in Finland. Besides the conventional estimation techniques e.g. extended Kalman filter (EKF), we employ the Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoothing algorithm in addition to a multivariate regression-based offset compensation method to improve the overall positioning accuracy of the system. The recommended number of distributed UWB anchors versus the coverage area is also discussed and tested in this article. The experiments were held by a patrolling mobile robot with millimeter accuracy, which acted as a ground truth reference to all used algorithms. The positioning estimation results showed a superior performance by the proposed method (UWB/IMU EKF-RTS-LR) with mean accuracy of 4.7 cm, and 9.6 cm for more than 95% of the time.
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1,416
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Please write an abstract with title: End-to-End Low-Resource Speech Recognition with a Deep CNN-LSTM Encoder, and key words: Speech recognition, Spectrogram, Acoustics, Mathematical model, Feature extraction, Periodic structures, Training. Abstract: The performance of large vocabulary continuous automatic speech recognition (ASR) has improved tremendously due to the application of deep learning. However, building a low-resource ASR system remains a challenging task due to the difficulty of data collection and the lack of linguistic knowledge in the low-resource language. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end low-resource speech recognition method and validated using the Tibetan language as an example. We firstly designed a Tibetan text corpus, and we also recorded a Tibetan speech corpus. Then, we extracted the spectrogram as a feature of each speech. The encoder is a single structure of the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the VGG network and a hybrid network of deep CNN and long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The connectionist temporal classification (CTC) network sits on top of the encoder to infer the alignments between speech and label sequences. The experimental results show that the single structure encoder achieved a word error rate of 36.85%. The hybrid structure encoder achieves a 6% word error rate reduction compared to a single structure encoder. Also, when increasing the number of CNN layers in the encoder, the word error rate is further reduced.
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1,417
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Please write an abstract with title: State and Disturbance Observer based Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Uncertain Mismatched Systems, and key words: Robust control, Sensitivity, Control design, Simulation, Measurement uncertainty, Disturbance observers, Time measurement. Abstract: The control design for general nonlinear uncertain mismatched systems is challenging when all the states are not available and the available states are affected by measurement noise. In this paper, a novel state and disturbance observer based sliding mode control design for nonlinear uncertain mismatched system is proposed. The proposed control strategy does not require the measurement of all the states of the mismatched system and at the same time it ensures that the tracking accuracy is better than the conventional results as well as latest result in [1]. The proposed method makes the approaches in [1], [12] implementable for the applications where all the states are available for the control design. The paper further analyses the effect of measurement noise on the output tracking accuracy. The comparative study is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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1,418
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Please write an abstract with title: Ring oscillator experiment using a huffle circuit, and key words: Ring oscillators, Flip-flops, Voltage, Resistors, Pulse inverters, Logic testing, Circuit synthesis, Fabrication, Logic design, Logic circuits. Abstract: A ring oscillator circuit composed of Josephson junction devices has been designed and tested for the first time. Nine huffle circuits, each of which includes two Josephson junctions of an in-line gate type, are combined to form an inverter ring. The ring oscillator has produced oscillations with 1.8- to 8.2-ns periods using DC power sources. Inverter and flip-flop logic operations are also observed with the single huffle circuit. The operating margins were investigated and found to be reasonable as a result of comparing experimental threshold curves and a theoretical prediction.
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1,419
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Please write an abstract with title: Spectral resolution and solution of field problems in an anisotropic and compressible medium, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Plasma properties, Partial differential equations, Magnetic fields, Integral equations, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Plasma sources, Couplings, Plasma waves. Abstract: It is shown that when source currents are present in a compressible and anisotropic plasma, the longitudinal components of the electric and magnetic fields and the pressure variation satisfy a coupled inhomogeneous equation. Based on the spectral resolution of a square matrix, a general method for the solution of such an equation is presented. The solution of the coupled-wave equation is thus reduced to the evaluation of some simple integrals. Formulas for the determination of the transverse components are given. To demonstrate the simplicity of the method, fields due to a magnetic line source are worked out in detail. Some numerical results are also included.
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1,420
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Please write an abstract with title: Federated Trustworthy AI Architecture for Smart Cities, and key words: Training, Technical requirements, Data privacy, Smart cities, Federated learning, Roads, Robustness. Abstract: As the number of smart citizens or users grows, several governments are eager to develop smart cities. All stakeholders, including intelligent users, demand an AI system that is trustworthy. To be considered trustworthy, an AI system must meet seven key criteria: (1) human agency and oversight, (2) robustness and safety, (3) privacy and data governance, (4) transparency, (5) diversity, nondiscrimination, and fairness, (6) societal and environmental well-being, and (7) accountability. By merging the existing trustworthy AI framework from KServe and Federated Learning with a more reliable model aggregation protocol than earlier studies, we introduced the federated trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (FTAI) architecture. With the integration of FedPSO and AIF360, we updated the FedCS technique. The proposed architecture meets all seven of the essential requirements to a high degree of satisfaction. This paper also includes a detailed explanation of this claim. The scenario demonstrates that the new global model comes with clear measures of fairness metrics, ensuring that the model is devoid of bias.
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1,421
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear optimal control applied to coordinated ramp metering, and key words: Optimal control, Traffic control, Communication system traffic control, Roads, Large-scale systems, Control systems, Constraint optimization, Performance analysis, Visualization, Nonlinear control systems. Abstract: The goal of this paper is to describe a generic approach to the problem of optimal coordinated ramp metering control in large-scale motorway networks. In this approach, the traffic flow process is macroscopically modeled by use of a second-order macroscopic traffic flow model. The overall problem of coordinated ramp metering is formulated as a constrained discrete-time nonlinear optimal control problem, and a feasible-direction nonlinear optimization algorithm is employed for its numerical solution. The control strategy's efficiency is demonstrated through its application to the 32-km Amsterdam ring road. A number of adequately chosen scenarios along with a thorough analysis, interpretation, and suitable visualization of the obtained results provides a basis for the better understanding of some complex interrelationships of partially conflicting performance criteria. More precisely, the strategy's efficiency and equity properties as well as their tradeoff are studied and their partially competitive behavior is discussed. The results of the presented approach are very promising and demonstrate the efficiency of the optimal control methodology for motorway traffic control problems.
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1,422
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Please write an abstract with title: Discrimination between Alzheimer's dementia and controls by automated analysis of statistical parametric maps of /sup 99m/Tc-HMPAO-SPECT volumes, and key words: Dementia, Automatic control, Alzheimer's disease, Scanning probe microscopy, Sensitivity and specificity, Degenerative diseases, Central nervous system, Nuclear imaging, Computed tomography, Image analysis. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Clinically early detection of Alzheimer's disease is helpful in taking care of the patients. The nuclear imaging method, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is a useful tool in analyzing the cerebral blood flow. Most common regional abnormalities for Alzheimer's disease are symmetric or asymmetric bilateral temporal or parietal hypoperfusion, or frontal hypoperfusion. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is employed to do pre-processing of SPECT volumes. Due to its effectiveness, easiness and fastness, SPM has been widely applied to the diagnosis and function research of brain diseases. The proposed system can provide a quantitatively automatic analysis of the SPECT volumes. The selection of three variables based on the statistical parametric t maps between Alzheimer's and normal volumes are proposed. Then an optimal linear classifier is applied to discriminate between these two group of volumes. In statistical pattern recognition, the Bayes error, the overlap among different class densities, is the smallest possible error in the current measurement space. Due to the effectiveness of the variable selection, the simple optimal linear classifier achieves a near-Bayes error ratio. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are 88% and 90%, respectively. With the high sensitivity and specificity performance, the proposed automatic analysis of brain SPECT volumes can assist in the clinical practice of radiologists.
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1,423
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Please write an abstract with title: Variable bandwidth filter for reconstruction of bio-medical signals with time-varying instantaneous bandwidth, and key words: Bandwidth, Acoustic noise, Electrocardiography, Frequency domain analysis, Band pass filters, Electromyography, Biomedical computing, Biomedical engineering, Computer science, Information filtering. Abstract: A variable bandwidth filter (VBF) is proposed for cleaning bio-medical signals with known boundaries in the time-frequency domain (TFD). Also, the behaviors and the characteristics of the VBF are examined in TFD. The proposed VBF clips a noisy signal along the boundaries of the known instantaneous boundary (IB) and rejects noise in the outside of the IB of the signal in TFD.
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1,424
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Please write an abstract with title: Almost periodic extension of band-limited functions and its application to nonuniform sampling, and key words: Nonuniform sampling, Sampling methods, Fourier transforms, Frequency, Interpolation, Low pass filters, Bandwidth, Kernel, Hilbert space. Abstract: The classical sampling theorem for band-limited functions is shown to admit generalization in the following sense: a bandlimited Fourier transform can be arbitrarily extended on the frequency axis. If this extension is performed in such a fashion that the result is an almost periodic function, the sampling theorem can be shown to hold for sampling at nonuniformly spaced instants in time. This result is proved, and the generalized sampling theorem is shown to provide a simple, constructive proof of the multichannel sampling theorem. A new sampled data Fourier transform is introduced which retains information about the sampling instants.
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1,425
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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Cooperative coverage Control of Sensor Networks, and key words: Distributed control, Costs, Communication system control, Space missions, Density functional theory, Frequency, Algorithm design and analysis, Event detection, Mobile communication, Energy consumption. Abstract: We present a distributed coverage control scheme for cooperating mobile sensor networks. The mission space is modeled using a density function representing the frequency of random events taking place, with mobile sensors operating over a limited range defined by a probabilistic model. A gradient-based algorithm is designed requiring local information at each sensor and maximizing the joint detection probabilities of random events. We also incorporate communication costs into the coverage control problem, viewing the sensor network as a multi-source, single-basestation data collection network. Communication cost is modeled as the power consumption needed to deliver collected data from sensor nodes, thus trading off sensing coverage and communication cost. The control Scheme is tested in a simulation environment to illustrate its adaptive, distributed, and asynchronous properties.
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1,426
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel technique for peak to average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, OFDM, Partial transmit sequences, Power amplifiers, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Distribution functions, Digital-analog conversion, Degradation, Radio frequency, Quadrature phase shift keying. Abstract: Occasional very high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is a serious matter of concern in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. One of the best methods to combat this problem is that of partial transmit sequences (PTS) proposed by S.H. Muller and J.B. Huber (see IEE Electron. Lett., vol.33, no.5, p.368-9, 1997). This method has the drawback that it requires an exhaustive search to find the optimum combination of rotation factors giving minimum PAPR. Later, L.J. Cimini, Jr and N.R. Sollenberger (see IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.4, no.3, p.86-7, 2000) proposed a suboptimum technique to reduce the number of searches. We introduce a new criterion to decide a suboptimum algorithm. Also, a parallel branch selection (PBS) method is proposed. It has the advantage over PTS that, at the receiver, there is no need to derotate all the subcarrier phases, which means a considerable saving in computation in the receiver. Results also show that PBS can produce the same complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) as exhaustive PTS with 50% reduction in number of trials.
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1,427
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Erosion Processes of Electrical Contacts Manufactured by Plasma Spraying Technology, and key words: Electrodes, Resistance, Temperature distribution, Powders, Adhesives, Contacts, Spraying. Abstract: The opening of electrical contacts in high-current electrical apparatuses leads to the appearance of electric arc which acts on the contacts and leads to their significant erosion reducing the service life of apparatuses. In order to reduce erosion, it was proposed to manufacture electrical contacts using the technology of plasma spraying. A copper-graphite powder was used as a sprayed substance which has proven itself as an arc-resistant material. Electrodes with the sprayed coating were tested by applying an electric arc that have a contracted behavior of the interaction with the electrode surfaces at currents of several thousand amperes. The article presents the results of the analysis of microsections of those electrodes. Also, a mathematical model of electrodes heating is presented. The analysis showed that tests of electrodes with a layer of a sprayed copper-graphite powder without a transitional sublayer lead to a destruction of the coating. Nevertheless, it is confirmed that electrodes with a copper-graphite coating operating with a current of 1-2 kA have significant resistance to erosion. In addition, mathematical analysis also showed a significant improvement in the erosion resistance of coatings containing copper oxides. It was found that the use of electrodes manufactured by plasma spraying of copper-graphite powder containing copper oxides on a substrate with good adhesion significantly increases their erosion resistance.
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1,428
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Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Mobile Charger Excursion Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks, and key words: Sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Wireless communication, Optimization, Mathematical model, Energy efficiency, Trajectory. Abstract: Employing Wireless Mobile Chargers (WMCs) is a promising technique to improve the sensor network lifetime. In this paper, a Wireless Mobile Charger Excursion Optimization (WMCEO) Algorithm is introduced, which aims to optimize the moving trajectory and charging time of WMC in each sojourn location to achieve the enhanced energy efficiency and network lifetime. Unlike previous works, the whole network is divided into Charging Regions (CRs) to charge the several nodes simultaneously, which results in reducing the charging latency and improving the network performance. Moreover, in the proposed scheme, both the remaining energy of nodes located at each CR and the travel time of WMC issues are taken into account in WMC moving path optimization, which results in improving energy efficiency. Likewise, the remaining energy of the nodes located at the other CRs is considered in charging time optimization, which leads to enhance the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed WMCEO scheme enhances network performance in terms of different network evaluation metrics.
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1,429
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel MEMS gas sensor with effective combination of high sensitivity and high selectivity, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Gas detectors, Mechanical sensors, Structural beams, Chemical sensors, Equations, Chemical technology, Resonant frequency, Temperature sensors, Application specific integrated circuits. Abstract: A, novel MEMS gas sensor including a PZT thin film layer and a zeolite layer is developed in this paper, which shows effective combination of high sensitivity and high selectivity. Working in resonating mode, the sensor depicts the mass loading due to molecular adsorption of the zeolite by the frequency shift. The relationship between the frequency shift in percent and the concentration of Freon is linear. The minimum mass loading of 3.5 /spl times/ 10/sup -9/ and the sensitivity of -0.0024%/ppm can be determined from the experimental results.
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1,430
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Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic and Electromechanical Characterization of a High-<i>J<sub>C</sub></i> RRP Wire for the HL-LHC MQXF Cable, and key words: Temperature measurement, Wires, Magnetic field measurement, Superconducting magnets, Current measurement, Strain, Magnetomechanical effects. Abstract: In this work, we summarize the results of a series of inductive and transport measurements aimed at the evaluation of the electromechanical performance of a 0.85 mm diameter RRP wire procured for the HL-LHC project. The critical current dependence on the magnetic field and uniaxial applied strain (between −0.2 and 0.5%) has been investigated in a temperature range between 4.5 K and 10 K. Furthermore, the wire magnetization up to 12 T has been measured at different temperatures (4.3 K–14 K) to determine the wire's effective filament diameter and to complement the critical current density in the temperature and field range where transport current measurements were not available. The experimental results have been analysed in the framework of the Extrapolative Scaling Expression, by using a multi-step approach for the data fitting. These results provide an accurate parameterization of the critical surface in terms of field, temperature and strain, and can be used as a general reference for magnet design.
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1,431
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Please write an abstract with title: Handwriting Recognition via Visual Observation of Pen Movements, and key words: Frequency modulation, Computer vision, Hafnium, Global Positioning System, Handwriting recognition, Authentication. Abstract: Handwriting recognition is a common problem in applications such as converting handwritten documents to digital documents and authentication. Existing approaches utilize the handwritten document as the most important clue in recognition process. In this work secondary observation is used instead of the written document. Secondary observation becomes the only source of information when handwritten document cannot be observed directly or additional clues are needed for authentication. Secondary observation refers to the observation of the movement of the pen or the hand during writing. Three deep learning models are proposed to predict what is written by observing only the pen movement. The proposed solutions are the first for this problem. The result of the experiments presents a comparison of the success of three proposed models and shows that secondary observation is useful to solve the problem. Among the proposed models, the best results are obtained by using LSTM architecture which is frequently used to learn from temporal data.
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1,432
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Network Precision Marketing System Based on Big Data Algorithm, and key words: Java, Roads, Customer satisfaction, Machine learning, Big Data, Libraries, Internet. Abstract: With the development of e-commerce, more and more businesses on the road of e-commerce development, commodities to the Internet. As a result, competition for the sale of goods around the world is becoming increasingly fierce. This paper firstly introduces the research status of association rule mining and the description of big data algorithm, and then explores the product information that users are interested in and improves the website of commodity sales, so as to improve customer satisfaction and business relationship with customers. The improved big data algorithm is used to analyze and obtain association rules, and the system application business is designed to enable enterprises to conduct accurate customer positioning through customized services and services, thus reducing their marketing costs. The system excavates product demand through data mining technology, establishes product association library, realizes the rapid response to customer demand, and provides support for positioning target customers, implementing up-selling and cross-selling, and exploring advantageous channels. It has been verified that the improved big data algorithm can mine the valuable association rules hidden in it. After the system is developed, the actual test results are very good.
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1,433
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Please write an abstract with title: An architecture for feature detection utilizing dynamic synapses, and key words: Computer vision, Neurons, Detectors, Robustness, Equations, Neural networks, Information processing, Biological information theory, Surveillance, Biological systems. Abstract: An architecture for feature detection based on artificial pulsed neural networks is presented. By utilizing substancial principles like correlation of pulses using dynamic synapses as well as distribution of connections defined by connection densities, arbitrary detectors up to a complexity of simple cells can be implemented.
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1,434
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Please write an abstract with title: Security Visualization and Active Querying for OT Network, and key words: Data visualization, Security, Data collection, Workstations, Monitoring, Visualization, Real-time systems. Abstract: Traditionally Industrial Control System(ICS) used air-gap mechanism to protect Operational Technology (OT) networks from cyber-attacks. As internet is evolving and so are business models, customer supplier relationships and their needs are changing. Hence lot of ICS are now connected to internet by providing levels of defense strategies in between OT network and business network to overcome the traditional mechanism of air-gap. This upgrade made OT networks available and accessible through internet. OT networks involve number of physical objects and computer networks. Physical damages to system have become rare but the number of cyber-attacks occurring are evidently increasing. To tackle cyber-attacks, we have a number of measures in place like Firewalls, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). To ensure no attack on or suspicious behavior within network takes place, we can use visual aids like creating dashboards which are able to flag any such activity and create visual alert about same. This paper describes creation of parser object to convert Common Event Format(CEF) to Comma Separated Values(CSV) format and dashboard to extract maximum amount of data and analyze network behavior. And working of active querying by leveraging packet level data from network to analyze network inclusion in real-time. The mentioned methodology is verified on data collected from Waste Water Treatment Plant and results are presented.
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1,435
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Please write an abstract with title: Two Stage Framework for Techno-Economic Analysis of Electricity Pool Markets Integrated with Stochastic Wind Power, and key words: Costs, Uncertainty, Wind energy, Systems operation, Stochastic processes, Wind power generation, Electricity supply industry. Abstract: In this era of green energy, for the market clearing, a modelling approach is needed which can consider all the possible technical and economic aspects of wind energy which helps market participants to make informed decisions. In this paper, a day-ahead and real time electricity market clearing model in the presence of stochastic wind energy sources is proposed to determine the cost of energy and reserve. In the modelling to capture all the possible deviation of wind energy, a scenario generation technique "Roulette Wheel Mechanism (RWM)" is applied, and to reduce the number of generated situations, the fast forward algorithm is used. The pool market clearing model with co-optimization of energy and reserve is modelled as a two-stage framework (day-ahead and real time) considering both the electricity market and power balance constraints. The operational and economic impact of integrating wind energy on the system operation is investigated by considering different factors like consumer willingness, economic loss due to wind spillage, penetration and uncertainty level of the wind energy, turbine location and network congestion. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been investigated on the standard PJM-5 bus system and simulated in GAMS and MATLAB.
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1,436
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Task Allocation for Cloud Using Bat Algorithm, and key words: Task analysis, Cloud computing, Heuristic algorithms, Reliability, Scheduling, Virtual machining, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: Cloud computing is the shared pool of heterogeneous computing, storage, and network resources across the globe. The resources are allocated to cloud users using a service level agreement. The resources are accessed by the end-users based on pricing models. In such scenario placement and management of resources over cloud datacenters is a critical issue. Task allocation in cloud places an important role in the performance of cloud and manage utilization of resource and performance of tasks. There exist various static and dynamic algorithm to solve this issue. In this work a Bat Algorithm inspired task allocation algorithm for cloud infrastructure is proposed to improve the performance of cloud in term of execution time and start time as compared to existing algorithms.
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1,437
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Please write an abstract with title: Modelling the vulnerability of overhead lines against tree contacts for resilience assessment, and key words: Vegetation, Conductors, Wind, Force, Resilience, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: The contact of overhead lines with vegetation represents a significant cause of failures, also as secondary effects of weather events such as strong wind, ice/snow accumulation. Thus, the management of the right of ways (ROW) of overhead lines is a key aspect to improve grid resilience. This paper proposes a probabilistic vulnerability model of overhead line failure due to inadvertent contact with vegetation, supporting the assessment of loss of load risk. The model can help TSOs to plan vegetation trimming campaigns and to alert operators in case of extreme weather events. Simulations on a realistic electric system demonstrate how the vulnerability model identifies the areas subject to tree fall. Moreover, its application within a resilience assessment methodology allows to relate the load interruption risk with both weather conditions (wind and snow loads) and deviations from ROW management standards.
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1,438
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Please write an abstract with title: Two-Timescale Resource Allocation for Automated Networks in IIoT, and key words: Resource management, Industrial Internet of Things, Optimization, Wireless communication, Renewable energy sources, Downlink, Complexity theory. Abstract: The rapid technological advances of cellular technologies will revolutionize network automation in industrial internet of things (IIoT). In this paper, we investigate the two-timescale resource allocation problem in IIoT networks with hybrid energy supply, where temporal variations of energy harvesting (EH), electricity price, channel state, and data arrival exhibit different granularity. The formulated problem consists of energy management at a large timescale, as well as rate control, channel selection, and power allocation at a small timescale. To address this challenge, we develop an online solution to guarantee bounded performance deviation with only causal information. Specifically, Lyapunov optimization is leveraged to transform the long-term stochastic optimization problem into a series of short-term deterministic optimization problems. Then, a low-complexity rate control algorithm is developed based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which accelerates the convergence speed via the decomposition-coordination approach. Next, the joint channel selection and power allocation problem is transformed into a one-to-many matching problem, and solved by the proposed price-based matching with quota restriction. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified through simulations under various system configurations.
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1,439
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Please write an abstract with title: An Energy Efficient Smart Metering System Using Edge Computing in LoRa Network, and key words: Energy management, Energy consumption, Smart meters, Delays, Time series analysis, Hidden Markov models, Edge computing. Abstract: An important research issue in smart metering is to correctly transfer the smart meter readings from consumers to the operator within the given time period by consuming minimum energy. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient smart metering system using Edge computing in Long Range (LoRa). We assume that all appliances in a house are connected to a smart meter that is affixed with Edge device and LoRa node for processing and transferring the processed smart meter readings, respectively. The energy consumption of the appliances can be represented as an energy multivariate time series. The system first proposes a deep learning based compression-decompression model for reducing the size of the energy time series at the Edge devices. Next, it formulates an optimization problem for finding the suitable compressed energy time series to reduce the energy consumption and delay of the system. Finally, the system presents an algorithm for selecting the suitable spreading factors to transfer the compressed time series to the operator in the given time. Our simulation and prototype results demonstrate the impact of the parameters of the compression model, network, and the number of smart meters and appliances on delay, energy consumption, and accuracy of the system.
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1,440
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Please write an abstract with title: Teaching vacuum technology using spreadsheet calculations, and key words: Education, Vacuum technology, Vacuum systems, Fabrication, Physics, Temperature, Isolation technology, Automatic control, Control systems, Laboratories. Abstract: Vacuum technology is an important part of nano-fabrication. Automated control systems for vacuum equipment have made operation easy and safe but have also isolated the user from the need to understand the physics of vacuum systems. In spite of this, many equipment and process decisions revolve around choices made concerning the vacuum components of a processing tool. Students can use a spreadsheet to calculate the pump down pressure characteristic in a chamber for various non ideal conditions and combinations of single and multiple stage pumps. The calculations can be compared to characteristics of real pump/chamber systems that are available in the user's laboratory. This develops a much deeper understanding of the design and operation of modern vacuum systems. The calculations are also a good way to introduce or review numerical techniques.
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1,441
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Please write an abstract with title: Compiler-directed management of instruction accesses, and key words: Scanning probe microscopy, Cache memory, Delay, Random access memory, Energy consumption, Content management, Power engineering and energy, Computer aided instruction, Embedded computing, Memory management. Abstract: We present a compiler-oriented strategy to reduce the memory system energy consumption due to instruction accesses and increase performance by exploiting scratch pad memories. Scratch pad memories (SPMs) are alternatives to conventional cache memories in embedded computing. These small on-chip memories, like caches, provide fast and low-power access to data and instructions; but, they differ from caches in that their contents are managed by software instead of hardware. Our compiler framework keeps the most frequently used instructions in SPM and dynamically changes the contents of the SPM as the (instruction) working set of the application changes.
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1,442
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Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Linearity in FD-SOI CMOS Body-Input Analog Circuits – Application to Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillators and Frequency-Based ΣΔ ADCs, and key words: MOSFET, Analog circuits, Transconductance, Linearity, Threshold voltage. Abstract: This paper investigates the use of the body terminal of MOS transistors to improve the linearity of some key circuits used to implement analog and mixed-signal circuits integrated in Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS. This technology allows to increase the body factor with respect to conventional (bulk) CMOS processes. This effect is analyzed in basic analog building blocks - such as switches, simple-stage transconductors and Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillators (VCROs). Approximated expressions are derived for the nonlinear characteristics and harmonic distortion of some of these circuits. As an application, transistor-level simulations of two VCRO-based ΣA modulators designed in a 28-nm FD-SOI CMOS technology are shown in order to demonstrate the benefits of the presented techniques.
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1,443
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Please write an abstract with title: On digital implementation of the fast kalman algorithms, and key words: Kalman filters, Degradation, Autocorrelation, System identification, Finite impulse response filter, Time factors, Cost function, Computational modeling, Vents, Signal processing. Abstract: The roundoff noise in a finite-precision digital implementation of the fast Kalman algorithm presented in [1]-[3] is known to adversely affect the algorithm's performance. By experience, we found that such performance degradation is closely related to an abnormal behavior of a quantity in this algorithm. More explicitly, this quantity can be interpreted as a ratio between two autocorrelations, and hence should always be positive. However, in a finite-precision implementation, its computed value can go negative. The algorithm performance is found to degrade noticeably near where this computed value becomes negative for the first time. As a remedy, we consider a special method of reinitializing the algorithm periodically. For this, a "covariance fast Kalman algorithm" is derived. This algorithm does not assume a zero input signal prior to the start of computation as the original fast Kalman algorithm does.
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1,444
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Please write an abstract with title: Optical packet routing and virtual buffering in an eight-node data vortex switching fabric, and key words: Optical buffering, Optical vortices, Routing, Optical packet switching, Fabrics, Wavelength division multiplexing, Payloads, Packet switching, Delay, Distributed control. Abstract: We demonstrate the routing of optical packets containing an eight-wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) channel 10-Gb/s payload through an eight-node subnetwork of the data vortex packet switching fabric. The single-pulse WDM encoding employed for the header and frame bits greatly simplifies the routing control functions and reduces the switching latency. The unique synchronous and distributed control mechanism eliminates the requirement of optical buffering and avoids packet contention. We demonstrate the virtual buffering capability of the switching fabric through a cascade of seven node hops, achieving a power penalty of less than 1.5 dB for each of the eight payload channels.
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1,445
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Please write an abstract with title: DC SPICE model for nanocrystalline and microcrystalline silicon TFTs, and key words: Silicon materials/devices, Thin film transistors, Semiconductor device modeling, SPICE, Charge carrier mobility. Abstract: In this paper, we present a physically-based analytical model for n-channel nanocrystalline and microcrystalline thin-film transistors suitable for implementation in circuit simulators such as SPICE. The model is based on existing models for amorphous silicon thin film transistors, which have been extended to account for observed physical phenomena in nanocrystalline and microcrystalline thin film transistors. The proposed model has been verified for the most important regions of operation of the devices and has shown good agreement with experimental data.
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1,446
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Please write an abstract with title: The harmonic-balance analysis of the noise of nonlinear microwave circuits, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Circuit noise, Microwave circuits, Crosstalk, Microwave theory and techniques, 1f noise, Low-frequency noise, Frequency, Noise generators, MMICs. Abstract: This paper presented a unified frequency-domain formulation and algorithm for computing noise in the nonlinear microwave circuits. The method uses stationary components and harmonic power spectral density in its formulation to capture time-varying noise statistics. A description of noise spectrum for the interesting ports in the nonlinear microwave circuits is the central results enabling fast and accurate computation. The method is efficient for large circuits with CAD and can generate information useful for noise macromodels. Finally, the experimental results verify its practicability in the application.
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1,447
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Please write an abstract with title: Tree vector indexes: efficient range queries for dynamic content on peer-to-peer networks, and key words: Dynamic range, Peer to peer computing, Protocols, Large-scale systems, Operating systems, Space technology, Indexing, Computational modeling, Computer networks, Distributed computing. Abstract: Locating data on peer-to-peer networks is a complex issue addressed by many P2P protocols. Most of the research in this area only considers static content, that is, it is often assumed that data in P2P systems do not vary over time. In this paper, we describe a data location strategy for dynamic content on P2P networks. Data location exploits a distributed index based on bit vectors: this index is used to route queries towards areas of the system where matches can be found. The bit vectors can be efficiently updated when data is modified. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms for queries and updates propagation have good performances, also on large networks, even if content exhibits a high degree of variability.
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1,448
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Please write an abstract with title: Public Auditing Scheme With Identity Privacy Preserving Based on Certificateless Ring Signature for Wireless Body Area Networks, and key words: Body area networks, Wireless communication, Cloud computing, Servers, Wireless sensor networks, Privacy, Communication system security. Abstract: The emergence of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) provides users with ubiquitous wireless communication services, such as continuous exchange of medical information in real time. Therefore, WBAN is considered to be one of the effective wireless sensor technologies for improving medical services. However, the characteristics of WBAN make it subject to multiple attacks, such as the leakage of private information of users, and WBAN is also inefficient. In this paper, a certificateless ring signature scheme CLRS is proposed. In addition, we propose a public auditing scheme with identity privacy protection, which combines the certificateless ring signature technology for cloud-assisted body area network. Through the analysis of security, it shows that the scheme can resist the existing attack methods such as forging attacks. Finally, the comparison between theoretical analysis and experimental simulation shows that the scheme has obvious efficiency advantages compared with the existing scheme.
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1,449
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust platform design in advanced VLSI technologies, and key words: Robustness, Very large scale integration, Circuit testing, System testing, Production, Automatic testing, Costs, Logic testing, Design for testability, Flip-flops. Abstract: The traditional paradigm of conservative design and thorough production testing is not sufficient for designing robust platforms in advanced VLSI technologies. Fundamentally new techniques are required for incorporating new design features for thorough testing, yield improvement, error detection and correction, self-recovery and repair. This represents a new direction in the 'design for' techniques in the areas of test, reliability and manufacturability. This paper presents an overview of two such techniques: a test compression technique for exponential reduction in test time and test data volume, and a built-in soft error resilience technique that enables more than 20-fold reduction in the susceptibility of system latches and flip-flops to radiation-induced transient errors.
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1,450
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Please write an abstract with title: Josephson-junction circuit analysis via integral manifolds-Part II, and key words: Circuit analysis, Voltage, Nonlinear equations, Capacitors, Dynamic range, Inductors, Mathematical model, Steady-state. Abstract: This paper is a sequel to an earlier paper under the same title. Here we use a more realistic model of the Josephson-junction and present a rigorous analysis of its nonlinear dynamics under various ranges of model parameters. In particular, we prove that the qualitative properties of our model and of the simplified one are similar. This rigorous proof thereby justifies the choice of a simpler Josephson-junction model, which was chosen in the past mainly for tractability. The peculiar constant voltage-step (devil's staircase) phenomenon widely reported in the literature is carefully analyzed further in this paper. For the first time, we can give a fairly complete explanation of the mechanism leading to this exotic phenomenon. In particular, the variations in the length of the constant voltage steps which have baffled many researchers in the past can now be given a rational explanation. An analysis of the mechanisms which give rise to chaotic dynamics in the Josephson-junction circuit is also presented.
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1,451
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Please write an abstract with title: Physiological Data Measurement in Digital Manufacturing, and key words: Productivity, Industries, Mechatronics, Service robots, Filtering, Robot sensing systems, Physiology. Abstract: As industry is moving towards a new digital rev-olution, identifying workers' mental and physical status is key to improved productivity in a digital manufacturing scenario. The main objective here is to provide an overview of sensing technologies in digital manufacturing and discuss suitability for taking physiological measurements of workers collaborating with robots. A method for rating physiological sensors in digital manufacturing application areas has been discussed which takes into account expert reviews. Selected commercially-available sensors are rated based on 9 evaluation keys (wearability, form-factor, mobility, pre-training, data-exchange capability, on-board filtering, ease-of-use, cost, and calibration) for digital manufacturing. The result is a scorecard of available sensors with feasibility to be used in digital manufacturing. In a given category, this data allows the selection of the best available sensors for certain use cases. The method to score the sensors has been explicitly explained to allow readers to expand on and contribute towards the data.
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1,452
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Please write an abstract with title: The use of nested chevron rails in a distributed energy store railgun, and key words: Rails, Railguns, Inductors, Projectiles, Energy storage, Railway engineering, Voltage, Capacitors, Power engineering and energy, Physics. Abstract: Electromagnetic launchers which require the use of large amounts of energy will almost certainly require that energy stores be distributed along their length. For a railgun launcher, the nested chevron rail construction will enable a launcher to be produced in which most of the switching requirements for the launcher/energy store system are met automatically.
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1,453
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Please write an abstract with title: Symbol-error rate analysis of Fischer's bit-loading algorithm, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, OFDM, Frequency division multiplexing, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Signal to noise ratio, Analytical models, Frequency modulation, Fading, Bit error rate, Constellation diagram. Abstract: We obtain an analytical result for the symbol-error rate of a wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system employing Fischer's bit-loading algorithm. First we assume that the subchannel coefficients are statistically independent, then we extend the results to the case with dependent subchannel coefficients. Throughout the analysis, we assume that the number of subchannels is large, and that subchannels have Rayleigh-distributed coefficients. The comparison of analytical and simulated results shows that the approximation error is small, especially at low noise and high bit rate.
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1,454
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Please write an abstract with title: TagNet: Tag Out the Value Sequence of SQL Statement, and key words: natural language to SQL, TagNet, task attention, tag decoder. Abstract: In order to assist person who doesn't know how to write SQL to access the data in a relation database, using a deep neural architecture to translate the natural language to SQL has recently been extensively studied. Previous work suffers from the complexity of where clause, since the number of conditions is totally random and predicting the value of condition is a sequence-to-sequence problem. We follow the slot filling idea, and introduce a model called TagNet. First of all, we innovatively propose a task attention mechanism. It takes the relativity of tasks into consideration for attention mechanism. Secondly, we use type embedding of each token of question and each column to enhance the representation for value prediction. Thirdly, in the task of predicting WHERE VALUE, we propose a tag decoder. It output a sequence of equal length compared with input. It consists of two tokens:<;QUE>, <;VAL>, indicating the corresponding token of input is whether or not a value token. We evaluate out model on WikiSQL, and compared to our baseline-SQLNet, we gain an absolute 7.6% increase on logic form accuracy and 6.3% increase on execution accuracy.
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1,455
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of the Triple Exponential Smoothing Method During the Covid19 Pandemic on Tourist Visit Data, and key words: COVID-19, Smoothing methods, Additives, Pandemics, Biological system modeling, Measurement uncertainty, Transportation. Abstract: Data forecasting methods are essential in the business world to determine the company’s future steps. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the tourism economy hard, resulting in a slump in income. In this study, trials were conducted to analyze the reliability of forecasting methods on data affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is the Triple Exponential Smoothing method involving two models, namely Additive and Multiplicative. In this paper, the test is carried out using actual data derived from data from a service company engaged in tourist crossing transportation. Each method’s alpha, beta, and gamma values are determined based on the parameters that produce the smallest error value. The experiment results show the predictability of the Triple Exponential Smoothing method by measuring the prediction error value based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value, which was 7.56% in the Additive model and 10.32% in the Multiplicative model before the pandemic happened. However, both methods’ prediction measurements during a pandemic produce poor forecasts with an error percentage above 40%. Meanwhile, during the decline in pandemic cases, the value of the Triple Exponential Smoothing Multiplicative method was closer to the actual data with a prediction error value of 33.02%. Therefore, the Triple Exponential Smoothing Multiplicative method is more resistant and suitable for implementing into a forecasting system with actual data that influences pandemic events.
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1,456
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Please write an abstract with title: NFV-Enabled Hybrid Scalability for IoT Slices, and key words: Power demand, 5G mobile communication, Scalability, Throughput, Hybrid power systems, Network function virtualization, Internet of Things. Abstract: Nowadays, with the fast-growing of IoT services, we need to deal with a gigantic amount of requests they generate. To tackle this problem, the next generation 5G network not only utilizes Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to slice one physical network into multiple virtual networks called network slices, to support IoT services of diverse varieties, it also provides scalability on these IoT slices to manage the system capacity according to the incoming demands. This research proposes a hybrid scalability algorithm, designed to perform both vertical and horizontal scalability simultaneously on IoT slices. Previous research supports either vertical or horizontal scalability but rarely combines the applications of both simultaneously. This research designs hybrid scalability and compares its performance with that of either horizontal scalability or vertical scalability alone. The evaluation results show that a hybrid scalability algorithm not only can achieve high efficiency in term of throughput and response time, but also can optimize the resource utilization in terms of CPU utilization and power consumption.
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1,457
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-layer Adaptive Fuzzy Inference System for Predicting Student Performance in Online Higher Education, and key words: Predictive models, Computational modeling, Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Biological neural networks, IEEE transactions, Takagi-Sugeno model. Abstract: Research on student performance prediction has evolved from the early application of statistical techniques to later use of computational techniques. Results in this field are varied, thus, we have to take advantage of previous research results. This study proposes a Multi-layer Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (MANFIS) for student performance prediction in online Higher Education settings. The MANFIS was trained and tested using a dataset integrated by the scores obtained by students in four online Higher Education courses. The MANFIS prediction accuracy was compared against the accuracies of Multilayer neural network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, and General Regression Neural Network. The accuracy of the MANFIS prediction statistically outperformed at least one neural network (out of three possible) in each dataset. The Results indicate that MANFIS is an alternative model to predict student performance in online Higher Education settings.
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1,458
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Please write an abstract with title: A Spectral Clustering Enabled Dynamic Task Allocation Approach of Multiple UAVs, and key words: Energy consumption, Costs, Simulation, Urban areas, Transportation, Dynamic scheduling, Linear programming. Abstract: In the cargo distribution field, UAVs play an important role and have wide applications. However, the distribution timeliness, flight energy consumption, and load capacity directly affect the implementation of distribution tasks by multiple UAVs in the urban scene. To cope with the above issues, this paper proposes an approach of spectral clustering enabled dynamic task allocation of multiple UAVs. First of all, we establish an objective function at the cost of mission delay penalty and UAV flight energy consumption. Meanwhile, considering the constraints of flight distance and load capacity, the optimization model of multi-UAV task allocation is generated. Moreover, based on the divide and conquer concept, we divide the task allocation into several sub-problems and use a spectral clustering (SC) algorithm for task grouping. The tasks in each cluster need to be ordered, so we can get the optimal task allocation scheme. Furthermore, due to the limitation of UAV energy consumption, the distribution task may be interrupted. Therefore, in the face of this situation, the task allocation mechanism needs to be dynamically adjusted to ensure the completion rate of tasks. The simulation experimental results in an urban environment illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in dynamic task allocation for the cargo distribution issue.
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1,459
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Please write an abstract with title: Video Shadow Detection via Spatio-Temporal Interpolation Consistency Training, and key words: Training, Knowledge engineering, Interpolation, Computer vision, Codes, Pattern recognition, Feeds. Abstract: It is challenging to annotate large-scale datasets for supervised video shadow detection methods. Using a model trained on labeled images to the video frames directly may lead to high generalization error and temporal inconsistent results. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing a Spatio-Temporal Interpolation Consistency Training (STICT) framework to rationally feed the unlabeled video frames together with the labeled images into an image shadow detection network training. Specifically, we propose the Spatial and Temporal ICT, in which we define two new interpolation schemes, i.e., the spatial interpolation and the temporal interpolation. We then derive the spatial and temporal interpolation consistency constraints accordingly for enhancing generalization in the pixel-wise classification task and for encouraging temporal consistent predictions, respectively. In addition, we design a Scale- Aware Network for multi-scale shadow knowledge learning in images, and propose a scale-consistency constraint to minimize the discrepancy among the predictions at different scales. Our proposed approach is extensively validated on the ViSha dataset and a self-annotated dataset. Experimental results show that, even without video labels, our approach is better than most state of the art supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised image/video shadow detection methods and other methods in related tasks. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/yihong-97/STICT.
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1,460
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust path-based spectral clustering with application to image segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Noise robustness, Clustering algorithms, Statistics, Clustering methods, Color, Machine learning algorithms, Kernel, Bagging, Machine learning. Abstract: Spectral clustering and path-based clustering are two recently developed clustering approaches that have delivered impressive results in a number of challenging clustering tasks. However, they are not robust enough against noise and outliers in the data. In this paper, based on M-estimation from robust statistics, we develop a robust path-based spectral clustering method by defining a robust path-based similarity measure for spectral clustering. Our method is significantly more robust than spectral clustering and path-based clustering. We have performed experiments based on both synthetic and real-world data, comparing our method with some other methods. In particular, color images from the Berkeley segmentation dataset and benchmark are used in the image segmentation experiments. Experimental results show that our method consistently outperforms other methods due to its higher robustness.
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1,461
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Performance of Dual-Hop SWIPT-based Relaying System with Asymmetric Fading Conditions, and key words: Fading channels, Relays, Signal to noise ratio, Batteries, Erbium, Wireless communication, Protocols. Abstract: This paper inspects the error rate and the capacity performance of a dual-hop energy harvesting (EH)-based fixed-gain amplify-and-forward relaying communication system, subject to fading impairments. We consider a source node (S) communicating with a destination node (D) via a relay node (R) equipped with a finite-size battery, which harvests energy from its received signal from S and uses it to power up its communication with D after amplification. Time-switching protocol is examined in the analysis for EH. In addition, the S-R and R-D hops are modeled by the Nakagami-m and α-μ fading models, respectively. A closed-form expression for the cumulative distribution function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio is derived, based on which novel exact and asymptotic closed-form formulas for the average symbol error rate and average channel capacity are derived. The derived expressions are validated through Monte Carlo simulations.
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1,462
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Please write an abstract with title: Initial Assessment of the Influence of Robustness on the Weighted Tardiness for a Scheduling Problem with High Demand Volatility Based on a Simulation Model, and key words: Printing, Schedules, Supply chains, Focusing, Linear programming, Robustness, Production facilities. Abstract: Nowadays, customer behavior changes rapidly, resulting in high demand volatility throughout immensely globalized supply chains, especially from key-account customers. Hence, requiring not only excellent products produced in the shortest time but also abiding to defined due dates. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective large neighborhood search (MO-LNS) algorithm with a frozen period focusing solely on minimizing the total weighted tardiness of a two-stage production with random rush orders. The total weighted tardiness is set as the primary objective function and the robustness as the secondary one. The algorithm is implemented in a discrete event simulation (DES) model to observe the effects of varying objective function weights at different levels of order dynamism. The results suggest that there is not a single dominant weight pair, but rather a range, which dominates others. Thus, using a pair from the dominant range increases the likelihood of reducing the tardiness over a period.
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1,463
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards Flexible Blind JPEG Artifacts Removal, and key words: Q-factor, Degradation, Training, Measurement, Visualization, Transform coding, Training data. Abstract: Training a single deep blind model to handle different quality factors for JPEG image artifacts removal has been attracting considerable attention due to its convenience for practical usage. However, existing deep blind methods usually directly reconstruct the image without predicting the quality factor, thus lacking the flexibility to control the output as the non-blind methods. To remedy this problem, in this paper, we propose a flexible blind convolutional neural network, namely FBCNN, that can predict the adjustable quality factor to control the trade-off between artifacts removal and details preservation. Specifically, FBCNN decouples the quality factor from the JPEG image via a decoupler module and then embeds the predicted quality factor into the subsequent reconstructor module through a quality factor attention block for flexible control. Besides, We find existing methods are prone to fail on non-aligned double JPEG images even with only one pixel shift, and we thus propose a double JPEG degradation model to augment the training data. Extensive experiments on single JPEG images, more general double JPEG images and real-world JPEG images demonstrate that our proposed FBCNN achieves favorable performance against state-of-the-art methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality.
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1,464
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of millimeter waves in 5G, and key words: Industries, Base stations, Rain, Power demand, 5G mobile communication, Conferences, Millimeter wave technology. Abstract: The millimeter waves correspond to frequencies in the range 30-300 GHz and, implicitly, to wavelengths in the range 1-10 mm. They will underpin the new generation of mobile communications systems, offering much higher bandwidth, lower latency and the ability to serve a larger amount of users. However, millimeter waves also come with a number of disadvantages that should not be overlooked, such as increased power consumption and decreased coverage distance. In addition to the advantages and disadvantages of millimeter waves, this paper also analyzes the differences between them and microwaves in terms of losses and also how millimeter waves could affect our health.
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1,465
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Please write an abstract with title: High Temperature Application of a SiC-LDMOSFET based DC-DC Power Converter, and key words: Temperature measurement, Performance evaluation, Temperature distribution, MOSFET, Silicon carbide, DC-DC power converters, Switches. Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a Silicon Carbide (SiC) technology-based Non-Inverting Buck-Boost (NIBB) DC-DC power conversion unit for harsh space environment application with very high temperature (HT) (>300° C) and high radiation level. This work evaluates the capability of SiC devices, comprising of LDMOSFET (Lateral Diffused MOSFET) for high temperature (>300° C) power electronics. The temperature-dependent characterization of relevant switching device parameters such as channel resistance, device junction capacitances is performed through device modeling and simulations. The selection of critical passive components of the power converter is done through rigorous characterization of their performance metrics such as capacitance, inductance, leakage current, etc. under influence of increasing operating temperature. In this work, we designed and fabricated a proof-of-concept of NIBB DC-DC converter using the fabricated SiC MOSFETs that are demonstrated to operate at 300°C ambiance. It is designed to provide a 15A output load and convert the input side battery voltage levels of 2SV, 120V, and 160V to a configurable output voltage from 30V to 48V, used as the standard for NASA space missions. Results at 300° C environment report a peak efficiency of 92.5% at 450W load and 100kHz switching frequency, which validates the developed converter architecture to be a suitable candidate for high-frequency HT power conversion.
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1,466
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Please write an abstract with title: Image Reconstruction Algorithm Based on PSO-Tuned Fuzzy Inference System for Electrical Capacitance Tomography, and key words: Image reconstruction, Electrodes, Sensitivity, Permittivity measurement, Permittivity, Tomography. Abstract: Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a well-established industrial process tomography technique. Image reconstruction for the ECT is a nonlinear problem, and the inverse problem is usually ill-posed and ill-conditioned. Hence, the solutions for the ECT are not unique and highly sensitive to the measurement noise. In this paper, a novel tuned fuzzy algorithm is proposed for reconstructing accurate images to monitor the distribution of the multi-phase flow in the industrial process. The proposed algorithm utilizes a Tuned Fuzzy Inference System (TFIS) to overcome the nonlinear characteristics of the ECT system. The optimal parameters of the fuzzy membership functions are obtained using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. In the past few decades, the naturally inspired intelligent swarm algorithms got more attention due to their wide spectrum of research for real-world complex problems optimization. The proposed PSO-tuned fuzzy algorithm is fast since it does not require solving the forward problem to update the sensitivity matrix. Comparing the results with traditional reconstruction algorithms, the proposed algorithm performs better in visual effects and imaging quality, since the image edges and details are better preserved.
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1,467
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Please write an abstract with title: Terahertz heterostructure lasers, and key words: Quantum cascade lasers, Frequency, Optical scattering, Electrons, Phonons, Electromagnetic scattering, Photonic band gap, Laser transitions, Particle scattering, Semiconductor lasers. Abstract: Unipolar semiconductor injection lasers emitting at THz frequencies have been demonstrated. The devices, based on the quantum-cascade scheme in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices, operate in continuous-wave up to 50 K (70 K pulsed) with output powers of several mW.
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1,468
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Please write an abstract with title: FifthNet: Structured Compact Neural Networks for Automatic Chord Recognition, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Feature extraction, Multiple signal classification, Task analysis, Neural networks, Kernel, Convolution. Abstract: Deep learning has become popular for many music processing tasks with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often applied. CNNs can be computationally expensive, a problem that may be alleviated through design of compact network elements or by compressing trained networks. CNNs assemble high-level structure in a hierarchical fashion, starting from small simple local patterns. On the other hand, much structure found in music spectra, such as harmonicity, is already well-defined. Both signal representations and processing methods have previously exploited such structure. We propose FifthNet, a compact neural network that is applied to the task of Automatic Chord Recognition (ACR). The compactness of FifthNet is effected through exploiting known data structure; first by arranging the network inputs according to expected data structures, then by separating processing of the semantically meaningful dimensions of the data. FifthNet is then seen to perform similar to a state-of-the-art CNN for ACR while employing only a small percentage of the parameters and computational expense used by the CNN.
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1,469
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Please write an abstract with title: Power System Model Integration for EMS and Planning, and key words: Organizations, Real-time systems, Power grids, Planning, Power system reliability, Reliability, Energy management. Abstract: In power utilities, Independent System Operators (ISOs), and Reliability Coordinators (RCs), the power system models were often developed and maintained separately for grid operations and system planning departments to meet the distinctive business needs. Due to this de-facto modeling process, the two power system models for operations and planning tend to diverge over time, although they both intended to represent the same physical power systems. This creates significant challenges to engineers on both sides, as they assess the real-time and study the future states of the power grid using the EMS model and planning model respectively, but sometimes have to try to reconcile the gaps between the two models when models delta may cause unacceptable study results. The ultimate solution to this legacy issue is to build a central modeling authority, preferably based on Common Information Model (CIM) within the organization. This however is very resource intensive and costly to accomplish. In this paper an innovative approach is proposed, which integrates the operations and planning models using intelligent rule based methods to map equipment between two models in databases. The methodologies for establishing the mapping is discussed in great detail. With the accomplishment of model integration, several of its use cases are also discussed.
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1,470
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Please write an abstract with title: A Decoupling and Matching Network Design for Single- and Dual-Band Two-Element Antenna Arrays, and key words: Antenna arrays, Couplings, Dual band, Impedance, Microstrip antennas, Microstrip, Scattering parameters. Abstract: This article presents a new decoupling and matching network (DMN) design for symmetric, single- and dual-band two-element antenna arrays. The DMNs use parallel-line-based coupling elements. The decoupling between the output ports of the proposed DMN and the reflection coefficients at these ports is obtained using the scattering parameters of the coupled antenna array and those of the DMN. These are clearly expressed as functions of the DMN's design parameters. These design parameters are determined using a simple numerical method to provide high inter-element isolation and good impedance matching for the array. To verify the proposed synthesis procedure, three DMN example designs are considered. These include one for a single-band array and two for dual-band arrays having different frequency ratios. Prototypes of these antennas along with their DMNs were designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. In each case, a good agreement between the measured and theoretical results is achieved. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed DMN design and its associated synthesis procedure can be employed to significantly improve the interelement isolation of single- and dual-band, two-element arrays in various scenarios.
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1,471
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Please write an abstract with title: Sentiment Analysis of Pancasila Values in Social Media Life Using the Naive Bayes Algorithm, and key words: Seminars, Sentiment analysis, Social networking (online), Decision making, Media, Naive Bayes methods, Stakeholders. Abstract: The implementation of Pancasila in citizenship from year to year has not found good news, even in mid-2020 there were many conflicts due to polemics carried out by the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency in the bill. Various efforts have been made by both state officials and activists to make people aware of the importance of implementing Pancasila values in social life. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether a person has Pancasila spirit or not in terms of that person's social media. The research will result in the accuracy of Naive Bayes classification using the media in the form of tweets reaching 73% with the results in the form of 3 classes, namely Neutral, Positive and Negative Pancasila. The results of this study have resulted and can be applied to classify someone with Pancasila spirit or not by using media in the form of social media accounts with the Naive Bayes method, being able to detect early as a basis for decision making by stakeholders and can trigger someone to evaluate himself, apply Pancasila values in every activity, even on social media.
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1,472
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Please write an abstract with title: Mobility-enhanced FET and Wakeup-free Ferroelectric Capacitor Enabled by Sn-doped InGaZnO for 3D Embedded RAM Application, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Nonvolatile memory, Ferroelectric films, Field effect transistors, Capacitors, Random access memory, Very large scale integration. Abstract: We have developed and integrated mobility-enhanced FET and wakeup-free ferroelectric capacitor by using Sn-doped InGaZnO, and demonstrated 1T1C FeRAM cell operation for 3D embedded RAM application, for the first time. We have also studied the impact of thin-film access transistor on 1T1C cell operation, and investigated the physics of mobility enhancement. The proposed memory technology will enable high-density and energy-efficient computing by the proximity of processor core and memory in monolithic 3D integration.
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1,473
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Please write an abstract with title: Discovering Hidden Pattern in Large-scale Dynamically Weighted Directed Network via Latent Factorization of Tensors, and key words: Tensors, Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Predictive models, Data models, Computational efficiency, Pattern analysis. Abstract: A dynamically weighted directed network (DWDN) is frequently encountered in various big data-related applications like a terminal interaction pattern analysis system (TIPAS) concerned in this study. It consists of large-scale dynamic interactions among numerous entities. Moreover, as the involved entities increase drastically, it becomes impossible to observe their full interactions at each time span, making a corresponding DWDN high-dimensional and incomplete. However, it contains vital knowledge regarding involved entities' behavior patterns. To extract such knowledge from DWDN, this paper proposes a novel Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based Nonnegative Latent-factorization of Tensors (ANLT) model. It adopts two novel ideas: a) building a data density-oriented augmented Lagrangian function for efficiently handling a tensor's incompleteness and nonnegativity; and b) splitting an optimization task in each iteration into an elaborately designed subtask series where each one is solved based on the previously solved ones following the ADMM principle to achieve fast model convergence. Experimental results on two large-scale DWDNs from a real TIPAS demonstrate that the proposed ANLT model outperforms state-of-the-art models significantly in both computational efficiency and prediction accuracy when addressing missing link prediction on DWDW.
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1,474
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Please write an abstract with title: An Approach to Design a Multi-Protocol Gateway Device for Internet of Things System, and key words: Performance evaluation, Embedded computing, Protocols, Zigbee, Logic gates, Software, Hardware. Abstract: Due to the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) system in both the number of devices and the connection technologies, new extremely high criteria for data processing speed, bandwidth and security have been developed. One of the solutions to achieve those requirements is to use a device that integrates multiple communicating protocols (IoT gateway) at the edge of the IoT system. The paper introduces an approach to design this device based on an embedded computing platform that connects different protocols of ZigBee and LoRa sensor networks. The experimental results have proved the feasibility of the proposed method.
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1,475
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Please write an abstract with title: Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimizer for Intelligent Visual Tracking, and key words: Visualization, Embedded systems, Particle measurements, Particle filters, Real-time systems, Object tracking, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Visual object tracking remains an accessible and demanding challenge in computer vision, despite recent breakthroughs in the area. Modern applications need trackers, even on embedded systems, to be accurate and very fast. This paper proposed a robust solution based on object tracking derived from the Bhattacharyya coefficient as a measure of similarity dependent on Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO). To reveal the performance of proposed algorithm's capacity, existing Mean-Shift based object tracking system is compared with the proposed system.
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1,476
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparing medium models to physical media via MFM imagery, and key words: Magnetic force microscopy, Magnetization, Magnetic recording, Magnetic films, Memory, Magnetic forces, Performance evaluation, Force measurement, Micromagnetics, Rotation measurement. Abstract: To fully understand a magnetic film's potential for data storage it is necessary to measure its complete magnetization. Although magnetic force microscopy (MFM) cannot perform this measurement, its simplicity leads us to examine its full potential for characterizing recording performance. For example, if MFM measurements of a film can be used to develop a corresponding micromagnetic model, then the model may provide insight into the film's recording performance. With this goal in mind, a technique is described that associates model magnetization patterns with MFM measurements. These patterns represent longitudinal recording films and are restricted to be uniform over grains that form a Voronoi tessellation of the film plane. Each grain's magnetization can be rotated such that the simulated MFM response from the pattern has a high cross correlation with measured data. While this technique does not produce a unique pattern for a given MFM measurement, it does provide information on what level of granularity is necessary to achieve a particular cross correlation and suggests the scale of the magnetic feature size.
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1,477
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Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of microoptical components, and key words: Microoptics, Optical sensors, Optical devices, Lenses, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems and applications, Visualization, Optical device fabrication, Testing, Rotation measurement. Abstract: Microoptical components are more and more important in technical applications due to the miniaturization of optical systems for communication, sensors, visualization devices and other purposes. Since the quality in the fabrication of an optical element cannot be better than the measurement accuracy with which the element can be tested, it is very important that also microoptical components can be characterized with sufficient accuracy. In this paper several measurement devices for microoptical components like rotationally symmetric microlenses and cylindrical microlenses will be presented.
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1,478
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Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation in Device to Device Communication using Dynamic Programming, and key words: Performance evaluation, Wireless networks, System performance, Force, Throughput, Dynamic programming, Resource management. Abstract: Device to device communication is an emerging technology and considered as a significant part of fifth generation wireless networks. It provides better communication in terms of improvement in system throughput and resource utility with shortened communication delay. Even though device to device communication improves energy and spectral efficiency by skipping the direct connection through base station, it suffers with some technical challenges. This paper summarizes the implementation challenges of spectrum allocation, and mainly focuses on resource allocation and spectrum sharing using dynamic programming approach. In addition, both single and priority based queuing models are employed to satisfy the user request. Finally, performance of the proposed approach is compared with greedy, brute force, successive and fractional approaches.
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1,479
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Please write an abstract with title: 2.5-Dimensional Switchable Frequency Selective Surface Based on Reed Switch, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, PIN photodiodes, Conferences, Metals, Switches, Control systems, Distance measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a 2.5-dimensional switchable frequency selective surface based on the active device reed switch. This structure uses reed switches instead of PIN diodes to connect the upper and bottom metal patches on the basis of 2.5 dimensions. The structure can control the connection and disconnection of the reed inside the reed switch by controlling whether the external magnetic field is applied or not, thereby controlling the switching of the structural performance. When the external magnetic field is not applied, the internal reed remains disconnected. At this time, the structure has a pass band of 0-3GHz; when a certain strength of the external magnetic field is applied to connect the internal reeds, there will be a stop band ranging from 1.90 GHz to 2.12 GHz, and the center of the stop band is 2.028 GHz. In addition, the structure has good miniaturization performance, and the unit size is only 0.08 λ× 0.08 λ.
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1,480
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Please write an abstract with title: Manipulator maneuvering by feedback linearization with saturating inputs, and key words: Feedback, Acceleration, Actuators, Manipulator dynamics, Force control, Torque control, Error correction, Geometry, Sampling methods, Regulators. Abstract: Recent research on fast exact maneuvering strategies for manipulators has employed acceleration commands as control variables. The forces and torques can then be synthesized, either in software or with dedicated hard-wired interfaces. Among the difficulties that occur when such maneuver techniques are employed is the fact that actuator saturation constraints are related to acceleration bounds in a state-dependent way. Recent work in the literature relies on generating a correction to the acceleration inputs, by pointwise constrained acceleration error minimization. This technique works best for infinite time horizons and highly coupled manipulator geometries, but not for terminal control or when the forces and torques enter the dynamics multiplied by a diagonal control influence matrix. An alternative technique discussed in the present paper consists of running actuators at saturation levels between sampling instants, then re-initializing an exact optimal regulator algorithm whenever the inputs drop below saturation range. Examples of such a maneuver strategy are given, both for asymptotic regulation and terminal control.
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1,481
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Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Deep Learning Framework for Fast Recognition of Integrated Circuit Markings, and key words: Character recognition, Integrated circuit modeling, Optical character recognition software, Image segmentation, Feature extraction, Text recognition, Manufacturing. Abstract: Fast recognition of integrated circuit (IC) markings is an essential but challenging task in electronic device manufacturing lines. This article develops an adaptive deep learning framework to facilitate the fast marking recognition of IC chips. The proposed framework contains four deep learning components, namely, chip segmentation, orientation correction, character extraction, and character recognition. The four components utilize different convolutional neural network structures to guarantee excellent adaptivity to a wide range of IC types and mitigate the influence of the low-quality chip images. In particular, the character extraction model is comprised of two improved label generation strategies and a proposed border correction method, so as to accommodate tiny scale chips and compactly printed markings. Experiments from the chip image dataset of a real laptop manufacturing line reached a recognition Precision of 91.73% and the Recall of 92.93%. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework to the state-of-the-art models and the effectiveness of handling a great diversity of chips with different scales, shapes, text fonts, marking colors, and layouts.
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1,482
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Please write an abstract with title: High Signal Integrity Transmission Line Using Microchip Capacitors and Inductors, and key words: Capacitors, Inductors, Impedance, Reflection, Integrated circuits, Signal integrity, Impedance matching. Abstract: In order to improve signal integrity (SI) in PCB traces, or transmission lines, impedance matching techniques have been widely used so far. However, in the frequency domain of more than 5 GHz, it becomes difficult to make impedance matching designs in printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, we propose a novel trace structure called "Capacitor Inductor Segmental Transmission Line (CL-STL)", in which not impedance matching but "mismatching" is used to improve SI. In the CL-STL, microchip capacitors and inductors are connected to the transmission line to make impedance mismatching points and to generate reflection waves intentionally, and those reflection waves are superposed onto the original distorted wave to get it into shape. In the CL-STL design, we make use of the cuckoo search algorithm, which is one of the swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, to solve the combinatorial explosion problem of microchip capacitors and inductors. We apply the CL-STL to an 8 Gbps PCB trace and obtain a high SI eye-diagram, the height and the width of which are improved by 6.9 and 1.44 times, respectively.
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1,483
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Robust Nonlinear Model Predictive Control to Unstable Tank Reactor, and key words: Asymptotic stability, Robust stability, Conferences, Benchmark testing, Stability analysis, Trajectory, Infinite horizon. Abstract: Ensuring nominal stability of nonlinear model predictive control is not trivial. Current work presents application of two approaches for the terminal region characterization of discrete time quasi infinite horizon nonlinear model predictive control around an open loop unstable operating point. Case study presented is on a benchmark continuous stirrer tank reactor system. Results are presented for the nominal case (i.e. without noise case) and for the robust case (i.e. with noise case). Results validate the nominal asymptotic stability result of the discrete time quasi infinite horizon nonlinear model predictive control formulation. State trajectories for the robust case are close to the nominal case as expected due to the bounded disturbance.
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1,484
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Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Synchronous and Asynchronous Algorithms for Semidefinite Programming With Diagonal Constraints, and key words: Optimization, Symmetric matrices, Distributed algorithms, Programming, Costs, Convergence, Sun. Abstract: This article develops distributed synchronous and asynchronous algorithms for the large-scale semidefinite programming with diagonal constraints, which has wide applications in combinatorial optimization, image processing, and community detection. The information of the semidefinite programming is allocated to multiple interconnected agents such that each agent aims to find a solution by communicating to its neighbors. Based on the low-rank property of solutions and the Burer–Monteiro factorization, we transform the original problem into a distributed optimization problem over unit spheres to reduce variable dimensions and ensure positive semidefiniteness without involving semidefinite projections, which are computationally expensive. For the distributed optimization problem, we propose distributed synchronous and asynchronous algorithms, both of which reduce computational burden and storage space compared with existing centralized algorithms. Specifically, the distributed synchronous algorithm almost surely escapes strict saddle points and converges to the set of optimal solutions to the optimization problem. In addition, the proposed distributed asynchronous algorithm allows communication delays and converges to critical points to the optimization problem under mild conditions. By applying the proposed algorithms to image segmentation, we illustrate the efficiency and convergence performance of the two proposed algorithms.
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1,485
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Please write an abstract with title: An integrated and flexible approach to robust and secure routing for wireless multihop ad-hoc networks, and key words: Robustness, Communication system security, Spread spectrum communication, Ad hoc networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Data security, Routing protocols, Cryptography, Cryptographic protocols, Authentication. Abstract: This paper introduces robust and secure routing (RoST), an integrated and flexible approach to secure routing in wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). RoST incorporates robustness and security into the underlying MANET routing protocol. By using a layered approach, RoST offers flexibility to the target MANET application to choose the required level of security. Most secure MANET routing solutions to-date either assume that security services (e.g., key distribution) is handled externally or propose cryptographic schemes that target MANETs. RoST, on the other hand, combines both robustness and security techniques integrating them into a protocol suite. At its core, it takes advantage of the network's inherent redundancy to efficiently discover multiple routes ensuring robust delivery; additional layers provide in-built key exchange, authentication, data integrity and privacy. We implemented RoST by extending the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. Through simulations, we demonstrate how RoST can circumvent security attacks. We also show that, under normal operating conditions, RoST and DSR exhibit similar performance. Thus, RoST is able to provide robustness and security without significantly impacting performance.
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1,486
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Please write an abstract with title: Bug Characteristics in Probabilistic Programming Systems: A Comprehensive Study, and key words: Conferences, Computer bugs, Software quality, Programming, Probability, Probabilistic logic, Cognition. Abstract: Probabilistic programming systems allow developers to model random phenomena and perform reasoning about the model efficiently. As the number and adoption of probabilistic programming systems are growing significantly, the reliability of such systems is also becoming increasingly important. It is thus crucial to analyze existing bugs in similar systems to ensure the reliability of these systems. This paper conducts an empirical study to investigate bugs and their features on real probabilistic programming systems. We select three popular probabilistic programming projects on GitHub, namely Edward, Pyro, and PyMC3, and then manually analyze a sample set of bugs to label them in different categories. The results show that 29% of the bugs belong to the algorithm/method category, 22.33 % belong to the internal interface category, and 13.67 % of the bugs belong to the external interface category. We also report the relationship between bug categories and bug-fixing duration, the effort needed to fix the bugs, and bug impacts on files.
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1,487
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of amplifier with ultra-low ground current, and key words: Operational amplifiers, Voltage, Circuits, Virtual colonoscopy, Inverters, Regulators, CMOS technology, Capacitors, Equations, Explosives. Abstract: An op-amp (operational amplifier), which has been successfully applied to ultra-low power low-dropout voltage regulator circuit is presented. In this work, we combine an OP-Amp, along with foldback current limit resulting in a novel ultra-low ground current amplifier, moreover, this amplifier has been applied to the chip of an ultra-low power LDO chip and reflection from market is beyond our expectation.
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1,488
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency domain simulation of the EM internal noises in the matrix VLSI with orthogonal topology of power supply feeding, and key words: Frequency domain analysis, Very large scale integration, Topology, Power supplies, Mathematical model, Military computing, Computational modeling, Costs, Chemical technology, Production facilities. Abstract: In this paper the problem of frequency domain simulation of the EM internal noises in the chip has been considered. The new 3-D mathematical model (MM) of the electromagnetic noise distribution in the chip with orthogonal topology of power supply feeding has been developed. On to the basis of the developed MM the software simulation of the EM noise distribution in the chip has been done.
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1,489
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust feedforward design from data via approximate inverse SM identification, and key words: Robustness, Samarium, Finite impulse response filter, Frequency, Measurement uncertainty, Feedback, Performance evaluation, Matched filters, Linear programming, Testing. Abstract: In this paper the design of the feedforward block of a two degree of freedom controller for reference tracking in SISO systems in the presence of model uncertainty is addressed. From previous works, it is known that given a set of noisy input-output measurements, an uncertainty model set for the plant can be obtained through set membership H/sub /spl infin// identification techniques and, on the basis of such a model set, a robust design of the feedback compensator can be performed. In this work the design of the feedforward filter is formulated as a robust model matching problem. An optimal solution is provided in closed form on a finite set of frequencies obtained from a suitable frequency gridding. Then a FIR model, approximation of the optimal solution, is obtained solving a linear programming problem. The efficiency of the method is tested on two examples, related to two typical patterns of uncertainty, the first one arising in the case of unmodeled dynamics, the second one in the case of parametric uncertainty.
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1,490
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Please write an abstract with title: Post-bond Repair of Line Faults with Double-bit ECC for 3D Memory, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Manufacturing processes, Redundancy, Maintenance engineering, Error correction codes, Reliability. Abstract: Built in redundancy analysis (BIRA) is used in the manufacturing process for memory yield. However, as the memory density increases, fault occurrence in the memory process is increasing. Thus, it is difficult to handle numerous faults by solely using BIRA. Therefore, the previous studies on using error correction code (ECC) on memory have been actively conducted. In this paper, PRIDE (Post-bond lIne Repair with Double-bit ECC) is proposed. PRIDE uses the double-bit ECC for remaining faults after repairing row lines with the highest number of faults in the post-bond process to achieve high repair rate and reliability in the memory with numerous faults.
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1,491
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Please write an abstract with title: Hyperspectral Image Denoising With Weighted Nonlocal Low-Rank Model and Adaptive Total Variation Regularization, and key words: Noise reduction, Correlation, Tensors, Adaptation models, TV, Hyperspectral imaging, Data models. Abstract: Hyperspectral image (HSI) is always corrupted by various types of noises during image capturing, such as Gaussian noise, stripe noise, deadline noise, impulse noise, and more. Such complicated noise significantly degrades imaging quality and thus limits the performance of downstream vision tasks. Current HSI denoising methods tackle this problem by modeling either the spectral–spatial prior of HSI or the noise characteristic of HSI, and few works consider the two aspects simultaneously. In this article, we propose a new HSI denoising method by simultaneously modeling the HSI prior and the HSI noise characteristic. Specifically, we first utilize the nonindependent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d.) mixture of Gaussian (MoG) assumptions to characterize the complex noise, which corresponds to optimizing a weighted fidelity function. Second, we exploit HSI’s nonlocal similarity and spatial–spectral correlation priors by applying a nonlocal low-rank model. Third, we design an adaptive edge-preserving total variation (TV) regularization term to characterize the nonlocal smooth property of HSI. Finally, we propose a new denoising model and develop an effective alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve it. Extensive experiments on simulated data and real data substantiate the superiority of the proposed method beyond state-of-the-art.
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1,492
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Network Models Made By Multiple Probabilistic Mechanism, and key words: Mathematical model, Probabilistic logic, Complex networks, Computational modeling, Graph theory, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: As known, no more attentions are put to multiple stochastic network models, we design multiple probabilistic dynamic network models in this article for dealing with a network having two or more different communities with different growing mechanisms and preferential attachment mechanisms. We propose three construction algorithms for producing three types of models after defining operators consisted of graphs and graph operations, and get three spaces generated by three types of models. We introduce partial technique, such as partial multiple preferential attachment mechanism, partial degree distribution etc. in dealing with topological structures of our models. Multiple probabilistic community network models are particular models, but close to social networks. We distribute problems for further research.
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1,493
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Please write an abstract with title: Minimum Free Energy Coding for DNA Storage, and key words: DNA, Encoding, Sequential analysis, Memory, Error analysis, Thermodynamics, Silicon compounds. Abstract: With the development of information technology, huge amounts of data are produced at the same time. How to store data efficiently and at low cost has become an urgent problem. DNA is a high-density and persistent medium, making DNA storage a viable solution. In a DNA data storage system, the first consideration is how to encode the data effectively into code words. However, DNA strands are prone to non-specific hybridization during the hybridization reaction process and are prone to errors during synthesis and sequencing. In order to reduce the error rate, a thermodynamic minimum free energy (MFE) constraint is proposed and applied to the construction of coding sets for DNA storage. The Brownian multi-verse optimizer (BMVO) algorithm, based on the Multi-verse optimizer (MVO) algorithm, incorporates the idea of Brownian motion and Nelder-Mead method, and it is used to design a better DNA storage coding set. In addition, compared with previous works, the coding set has been increasing by 4%-50% in size and has better thermodynamic properties. With the improvement of the quality of the DNA coding set, the accuracy of reading and writing and the robustness of the DNA storage system are also enhanced.
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1,494
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Please write an abstract with title: Low Cost Defect Detection Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Training, Visualization, Costs, Computer architecture, Inspection, Production facilities, Workstations. Abstract: Starting with the late 1990s, more and more visual recognition tasks are being automated. The focus is around removing the human from the loop, thus increasing the overall process efficiency. Modern advancements in artificial intelligence allow us to start to automate tasks performed by specialized human beings, such as: visual inspection and defect detection. In this visual inspection process a deep convolutional neural network is used to fulfill the task of visual inspection of a bearing mounting process and classify it into 2 classes: good or faulty. This process is characteristic to the automotive sector. After training the CNN model the performances are evaluated by running the classification part of the algorithm on the validation dataset. No special training constraints are used and no special training method are used: everything is open source, as the goal of this research is to prove the viability for smaller companies to use AI in their everyday processes, in order to improve the overall business efficiency. The model can replace the human operator in the loop by having a mean accuracy of 90% and a mean processing time of 8 seconds. The overall cost of this application was well under the general market price for this kind of solutions. A path for further improvements is also demonstrated.
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1,495
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Please write an abstract with title: Aluminum Nitride-An Alternative Ceramic Substrate for High Power Applications in Microcircuits, and key words: Aluminum, Ceramics, Thermal conductivity, Thermal management, Conducting materials, Crystalline materials, Dielectric materials, Dielectric losses, Dielectric substrates, Power generation. Abstract: The development of more complex integrated circuits (IC's) with larger chip sizes and greater power generation IC's, emitter-coupled logic (ECL) circuits, very large-scale integration (VLSI), and laser diodes requires new packaging schemes with improved thermal management. From the limited number of some ten nonmetallic inorganic solids known from the literature to have thermal conductivities greater than 100 W/m°K, aluminum nitride (AIN) is the most attractive substrate material. By means of a suitable power technological process, an AIN ceramic has been produced with a thermal conductivity five times higher than that of alumina, which is about one half of the theoretical value estimated for defect-free single crystal AIN. Another advantage of this newly developed material is its low coefficient of thermal expansion which, in the temperature range of interest (20-200°C) closely matches that of silicon. It also has a high electrical resistivity and a moderate dielectric loss. These and some other physical, mechanical, and chemical properties are shown and partly discussed in relation to other ceramics in use or of potential interest as substrate materials.
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1,496
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Please write an abstract with title: Bitcoin Price Prediction Using Sentimental Analysis - A Comparative Study of Neural Network Model for Price Prediction, and key words: Analytical models, Technological innovation, Sentiment analysis, Recurrent neural networks, Bitcoin, Predictive models, Logic gates. Abstract: The goal of this project is to develop a system that can predict the price of a cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) based on the sentiment of the input provided. This input will be supplied to the model using the Cryptopanic API, which will extract the latest news related to Bitcoin. These technological advancements can help us make accurate predictions thereby facilitating investments. We have tried to accomplish this by using a series of deep learning techniques and methodologies. Our decision to build this model using LSTM was based on the comparison of results between other algorithms like CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and RNN (Recurrent Neural Network). Unlike technical analysis methods which are used for normal stock market prediction we have built a model which will be trained to classify news headlines based on the sentiment detected and give a predicted price. We believe that the use of LSTM to give accurate price prediction would be extremely useful for novice as well as professional Bitcoin traders. Also, it has been proven that public sentiments have been very influential in determining the price of Bitcoin and thus taking that into consideration would improve our understanding and prediction.
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1,497
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Please write an abstract with title: The study of short-term traffic flow forecasting based on theory of chaos, and key words: Chaos, Transportation, Traffic control, Roads, Wavelet transforms, Detectors, Civil engineering, Linear systems, Nonlinear systems, Inductance. Abstract: Traffic flow forecasting has attracted much interest in current literature because of its importance in both the theoretical and empirical aspects of ITS deployment. Many models and methods have been presented in the past. But most of them regard the transportation system as the linear system and using the linear theory to predict the traffic flow. In fact, transportation system is a nonlinear system and traffic flow data exhibits chaotic properties. In this paper, we try to use the chaos theory to forecast the traffic flow in a short-term. Usually there is noise in the collected data which decrease the forecasting precision. So we denoise the data using wavelet transform before forecasting in this paper. The experiment is performed for inductance loop data collected in five minutes interval from the viaduct of Yan'an road in Shanghai in China. And at last our study concludes that techniques based on phase space reconstruction can be used to predict the traffic flow in a short-term. Furthermore, the prediction result is accurate and reliable.
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1,498
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Please write an abstract with title: Techniques for implementing an efficient and effective system of systems simulation capability, and key words: Payloads, Virtual prototyping, User interfaces, Prototypes, Aerospace simulation, Testing, Analytical models, Visual BASIC, Displays, Load modeling. Abstract: The purpose of this research effort was to develop a demonstration system of systems (SoS) simulation tool overcoming several of the more critical and unresolved issues in conducting efficient SoS modeling and simulation. Prior exploration of SoS modeling and simulation identified the following issues as critical and generally unresolved: 1) rapid tailoring and integration of object models, 2) rapid definition and update of interface models, and 3) formatting, control and update of model parameters across flexibly defined SoS models. The study objectives were to develop the prototype simulation tool and conduct sufficient testing to validate it and the mechanisms selected for overcoming each of the above listed issues. The paper describes the tool user interfaces, the means selected for resolving each of the identified issues, and the results of the initial validation effort.
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1,499
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Please write an abstract with title: Augmenting Automated Game Testing with Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Games, Navigation, Testing, Training, Computer bugs, Heuristic algorithms, Task analysis. Abstract: General game testing relies on the use of human play testers, play test scripting, and prior knowledge of areas of interest to produce relevant test data. Using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we introduce a self-learning mechanism to the game testing framework. With DRL, the framework is capable of exploring and/or exploiting the game mechanics based on a user-defined, reinforcing reward signal. As a result, test coverage is increased and unintended game play mechanics, exploits and bugs are discovered in a multitude of game types. In this paper, we show that DRL can be used to increase test coverage, find exploits, test map difficulty, and to detect common problems that arise in the testing of first-person shooter (FPS) games.
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