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13,400 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive particle swarm optimization on individual level, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Equations, Cultural differences, Benchmark testing, Evolutionary computation, Computational modeling, Heuristic algorithms, Genetic algorithms, Feedback, Acceleration. Abstract: An adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) on individual level is presented. By analyzing the social model of PSO, a replacement criterion, based on the diversity of fitness between the current particle and the best historical experience, is introduced to maintain the social attribution of swarm adaptively by taking off inactive particles. The testing of three benchmark functions indicates that it improves the average performance effectively. |
13,401 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient split-radix FFT algorithm, and key words: Arithmetic, Table lookup, Multidimensional systems, Digital signal processing, Matrix decomposition, Bismuth. Abstract: In this paper, an efficient split-radix FFT algorithm is proposed for computing the length-2/sup r/ DFT that reduces significantly the number of data transfers, index generations, and twiddle factor evaluations or accesses to the lookup table. It is shown that the arithmetic complexity of the proposed algorithm is no more than that of the existing split-radix algorithm. The basic idea behind the proposed algorithm is that a radix-2 and a radix-8 index maps are used instead of a radix-2 and a radix-4 index maps as in the classical split-radix FFT. In addition, since the algorithm is expressed in a simple matrix form using the Kronecker product, it facilitates an easy implementation of the algorithm, and allows for an extension to the multidimensional case. |
13,402 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating singularities of the observability Jacobian for nonlinear power systems, and key words: Observability, Jacobian matrices, Power systems, Power system dynamics, Power system modeling, Control systems, Power system stability, Automatic control, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Power system measurements. Abstract: This paper focuses on computing and interpreting the significance of the observability Jacobian singularities. Previous efforts have focused on developing an observability index and determining the effects of model/measurement changes to the observability formulation. Using this index, the singularities of the Jacobian are extracted, and preliminary results indicate that there is a duality between the loss of stability (whether it be phase or voltage stability), and the loss of observability. Thus, providing a single dual-use metric capable of forecasting both stability and observability characteristics of a system. The results are illustrated using a sample 3-bus system. |
13,403 | Please write an abstract with title: Training Efficient Siamese Network with Probability Label for Object Tracking, and key words: Training, Target tracking, Data science, Object tracking, Information technology. Abstract: Most object tracking algorithms based on siamese network are trained end-to-end with binary labels. However, the binary labels with only “1” and “0” states may not be a perfect way to represent the similarity between exemplar image and candidate in search image. In this paper, we analyze the weakness of training algorithm with binary labels and explore the scheme of utilizing probability labels to train a more efficient siamese network. The distribution of probability labels is yielded by an exemplary siamese network with state-of-art performance. The probability label indicates the probability of a candidate being the target, which provides more supervised information than binary label. With the probability labels, we attempt to design a more efficient siamese network. We conduct experiments on OTB-2013/2015 and VOT-2016/2017/2019, which demonstrate that training same siamese network with probability labels can achieve better performance than that with binary labels and other trackers. |
13,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Control of a 6-Phase Induction Generator for Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System, and key words: Rotors, Induction generators, Robustness, Stators, Stability analysis, Convergence, Wind speed. Abstract: Multiphase induction generators are gaining popularity in wind energy systems for their robustness, reliability and fault-tolerant behavior when compared to the famous three-phase ones. This work proposes an advanced robust nonlinear control strategy for a multiphase induction generator in a variable speed wind energy conversion system. The considered structure in this paper consists of a six-phase induction generator and two conventional three-phase two-level voltage source converters. The stator currents of the structure are regulated using the proposed method that consists of a time delay estimation-based modified super-twisting. On one hand, and a proportional-integral regulates the speed in an outer control loop. On the other hand, the proposed method regulates the stator currents in an inner control loop. The stability analysis of the closed-loop error dynamics is proved using a quadratic Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations have been carried out on a model of a real six-phase induction generator to show the good features of the designed method. |
13,405 | Please write an abstract with title: Seismic facies pattem recognition based on 3D Gabor transform and two-step clustering analysis, and key words: Transforms, Pattern recognition, Handheld computers, Deep learning, Conferences, Computer vision. Abstract: In order to solve the problems of weak discriminability and poor continuity of traditional seismic facies recognition, a seismic facies pattern recognition approach based on three-dimensional Gabor transform and two-step clustering analysis is proposed. First, feature extraction of 3D prestack seismic reflection signal is carried out by multi-scale and multi-direction 3D filter. Then, the unsupervised pattern recognition of seismic facies is carried out by two-step clustering analysis. The validity and reliability of the approach are verified by the test of seismic simulation data and the application of actual working area. This approach not only improves the identification accuracy of faults and fractures, but also significantly enhances the spatial continuity of seismic facies map. |
13,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Extreme Learning Machine Based on Deep Learning and Its Application in Handwritten Digits Recognition, and key words: Deep learning, Handwriting recognition, Extreme learning machines, Noise reduction, Neurons, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Traditional extreme learning machine (ELM) requires a large number of hidden layer neurons in its applications, and the ability to process high-dimensional big data samples is weak. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes an improved extreme learning machine algorithm based on deep learning. This algorithm combines the double pseudo-inverse extreme learning machine (DPELM) algorithm, which has high classification accuracy and simple network structure, with the denoising autoencoder (DAE) which can extract more essential data features. Among them, DAE is used to extract the features of the data that needs to be recognized, and the DPELM mainly plays as a classifier to quickly classify and recognize the extracted features. Experimental results show that in the recognition of handwritten digits, the double pseudo-inverse extreme learning machine based on denoising autoencoder (DAE-DPELM) algorithm needs only a small number of hidden layer neurons. In addition, compared with the traditional ELM algorithm and DAE-ELM algorithm, DAE-DPELM algorithm has a higher classification accuracy. |
13,407 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrochemistry, and key words: Surges, Resistance, Windings, Switches, Oscillators, Lightning, Corona. Abstract: The Practical Electro-Deposition of Gold. August Hoffman. Metal Industry. April, 1910. 1,700 words (Serial). Describes method of preparing articles to be gilded and the production of the Roman gold finish. |
13,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Uplink Spatial Modulation Enabled by IRS, and key words: Finite-alphabet inputs, spatial modulation, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), physical layer security, performance analysis. Abstract: To address the security issues in wireless transmission communication systems with finite-alphabet inputs, a secure uplink reception scheme based on receiver spatial modulation is proposed to ensure high security of the wireless transmission system while achieving high spectrum efficiency. The proposed scheme introduces disturbance phase updates at the transmitter end and disturbance compensation at the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to ensure both the spectrum efficiency and physical layer security of the wireless transmission system. This enables the legitimate receiver to correctly receive the signal at maximum power while preventing eavesdroppers from accurately intercepting the signal. In this paper, we propose two phase compensation schemes, namely, element-wise random disturbance compensation (ERDC) and group-wise random disturbance compensation. Furthermore, two eavesdropping scenarios, referred to as ideal eavesdropping and jamming eavesdropping, are thoroughly investigated and considered. We introduce the maximum likelihood detection to reliably detecte the indices of the designed receive antenna and the based-band modulated signal, and the closed-form expressions of error performance with ERDC scheme are deduced. Finally, in the simulated and numercial results, the performance analysis verifies error performance discrepancy based security performance evaluation of the proposed scheme, demonstrating its effectiveness and superiority. |
13,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Long-term reliability of pure silica core single-mode fiber when exposed to high-power laser light, and key words: Silicon compounds, Fiber lasers, Optical fiber testing, Optical fibers, Optical scattering, Stimulated emission, Optical fiber polarization, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical pumping, Optical fiber losses. Abstract: The reliability of a pure silica core single-mode fiber with long-term exposure to continuous wave (CW) high-power laser light is reported. It is found that the optical loss in the 0.6-1.6-μm region and the Raman spectrum remain unchanged after 1900 h of exposure to 8-W CW laser light at 1.48 μm. The nonbridging oxygen hole center concentration generated by 1900 h of exposure is estimated to be below our detection limit of 2×10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/. |
13,410 | Please write an abstract with title: Mixed-kernel Slow Feature Analysis Based Feature Extraction on Civil Aero-engine gas path parameters, and key words: Feathers, Time series analysis, Feature extraction, Sensors, Reliability, Kernel, Principal component analysis. Abstract: A mixed-kernel Slow Feature Analysis (MKSFA) based feature extraction on civil aero-engine gas path parameters is proposed to extract the slowest time-varying features of gas path parameters on civil aero-engine. By introducing the mixed-kernel function in Slow Feature Analysis, the original input data can be fully expanded into a high-dimensional feature space while avoiding the computational difficulties caused by the high-dimensional feature space. The result of MKSFA is compared with the traditional feature extraction of principal component analysis and auto-encoder to verify the reliability of this algorithm, which proves that the feature extraction method proposed in this paper is more suitable for the anomaly detection field of aero-engine gas path parameters. |
13,411 | Please write an abstract with title: A New RIS Architecture With a Single Power Amplifier: Energy Efficiency and Error Performance Analysis, and key words: Energy efficiency, Radio frequency, Wireless communication, Relays, Performance analysis, Costs, 6G mobile communication. Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication have recently attracted the attention of the wireless communication community as a potential candidate for the next 6-th generation (6G) of wireless networks. Various studies have been carried out on the RIS technology, which is capable of enabling the control of the signal propagation environment by network operators. However, when an RIS is used in its inherently passive structure, it appears to be only a supportive technology for communications, while suffering from a multiplicative path loss. Therefore, researchers have lately begun to focus on RIS hardware designs with minimal active elements to further boost the benefits of this technology. In this paper, we present a simple RIS hardware architecture including a single and variable gain amplifier for reflection amplification to confront the multiplicative path loss. The end-to-end signal model for communication systems assisted with the proposed amplifying RIS design is presented, together with an analysis focusing on the capacity maximization and theoretical bit error probability performance, which is corroborated by computer simulations. In addition, the major advantages of the proposed amplifying RIS design compared to its passive counterpart are discussed. It is shown that the proposed RIS-based wireless system significantly eliminates the double fading problem appearing in conventional passive RIS-assisted systems and improves the communication energy efficiency. |
13,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Segmentation Driven Peeling for Visual Analysis of Electronic Transitions, and key words: Visualization, Data analysis, Absorption, Conferences, Data visualization, Quantum mechanics, Orbits. Abstract: Electronic transitions in molecules due to absorption or emission of light is a complex quantum mechanical process. Their study plays an important role in the design of novel materials. A common yet challenging task in the study is to determine the nature of those electronic transitions, i.e. which subgroups of the molecule are involved in the transition by donating or accepting electrons, followed by an investigation of the variation in the donor-acceptor behavior for different transitions or conformations of the molecules. In this paper, we present a novel approach towards the study of electronic transitions based on the visual analysis of a bivariate field, namely the electron density in the hole and particle Natural Transition Orbital (NTO). The visual analysis focuses on the continuous scatter plots (CSPs) of the bivariate field linked to their spatial domain. The method supports selections in the CSP visualized as fiber surfaces in the spatial domain, the grouping of atoms, and segmentation of the density fields to peel the CSP. This peeling operator is central to the visual analysis process and helps identify donors and acceptors. We study different molecular systems, identifying local excitation and charge transfer excitations to demonstrate the utility of the method. |
13,413 | Please write an abstract with title: Damping Injection Control Strategy of Low Frequency Oscillation in Photovoltaic Power Plant, and key words: Damping, Photovoltaic systems, Analytical models, Torque, Market research, Synchronous generators, Power grids. Abstract: In this paper, an active power/voltage combined damping injection control strategy for photovoltaic power plants is proposed, and its suppression effect on low frequency oscillation of power system is analyzed. In order to study the suppression effect of this control strategy on low-frequency oscillation of the system, a small-signal model of photovoltaic power station and synchronous generator connected in parallel to the power grid is established, and the characteristics of low-frequency oscillation are analyzed by using damping torque. Then, the damping injection control strategy based on active power/voltage combination is studied, and its parameters are designed, and reveal the nature of its control. Based on the complex torque method, the change trend of damping torque coefficient in different scenarios is analyzed, and the mechanism of suppressing low frequency oscillation by this control is revealed. The results show that this strategy can provide moderate positive damping under different control gains and electrical distances. |
13,414 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-IRS-aided Millimeter-wave Massive MIMO with Energy-Efficient Hybrid Precoding Schemes, and key words: Wireless communication, 6G mobile communication, Precoding, Conferences, Millimeter wave technology, Massive MIMO, Machine learning. Abstract: Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-aided multiuser millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems have recently attracted a great interest as an attractive paradigm for the future 6G wireless communications. The main benefits of these systems include achieving a transmission in a cost-effective, energy-efficient and intelligent manner. In this paper, multi-IRS-aided systems are introduced as a promising technique to assist the adaptive cross entropy (ACE)-based hybrid precoding, which is a machine learning (ML) inspired energy-efficient hybrid precoding scheme that requires a small number of low-cost and energy-efficient switches and inverters. Extensive computer simulations have been conducted to evaluate the achievable sum-rate performance and the energy efficiency (EE) of the proposed multi-IRS-assisted mMIMO systems with ACE-based hybrid precoding architecture. For the sake of fair comparisons, the conventional precoding schemes are also evaluated. The simulation results demonstrate the remarkable advantages of the proposed scheme compared with the conventional state-of-the-art schemes. It is also shown that the EE can be further improved as the number of cascaded IRSs and their elements increase. This makes the proposed system a promising candidate for 6G wireless communications. |
13,415 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Analysis of a Class of Discontinuous Discrete-Time Systems, and key words: Symbols, Stability analysis, Symmetric matrices, Lyapunov methods, Perturbation methods, Numerical stability, Germanium. Abstract: The stability analysis of a class of discontinuous discrete-time systems is studied in this letter. The system under study is modeled as a feedback interconnection of a linear system and a set-valued nonlinearity. An equivalent representation, based on a constrained optimization problem, is proposed to represent the set-valued nonlinearity via a collection of linear and quadratic constraints. Relying on this description and on the use of a generalized quadratic set-valued Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities for global exponential stability are obtained. Numerical examples corroborate the theoretical findings. |
13,416 | Please write an abstract with title: The general problem of pole assignment: A polynomial equation approach, and key words: Polynomials, Equations, Vibration control, Automatic control, Feedback loop, Control systems, Observability, Stability, Frequency, Linear systems. Abstract: The problem of modifying the invariant polynomials of a linear system by dynamical output feedback is considered. A new necessary condition which the invariant polynomials must satisfy is derived. The sufficiency condition of Rosenbrock and Hayton is proved in an alternative way. The proof is based on polynomial matrix equations and provides a simple construction of the feedback which affects the desirable change. |
13,417 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Integrated mmW-Downconverter VCOs in SiGe for Offset-PLL FMCW-Transceivers, and key words: Voltage-controlled oscillators, Tuning, Phase noise, Topology, Temperature measurement, Capacitors. Abstract: This paper presents and compares two inherently different LC-VCO architectures for the down-conversion in a offset-PLL. The cross-coupled VCO architecture, which is unpopular in mmW SiGe applications, is compared to the commonly used Colpitts architecture. The two VCOs are fabricated with a supply voltage of 3.3 V in a modern 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with HBTs offering an fT of 250 GHz and fmax of 370 GHz. For easier characterization and stabilization in a PLL the same static divide-by-4 chain is added to both VCO chips. The main purpose of this work is the integration of a VCO as a downconverter for a offset-PLL with good phase noise and low power consumption at the same time. At an offset of 1 MHz the Colpitts VCO achieves a phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 56 GHz and the cross-coupled VCO achieves a phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 68 GHz, respectively. Relative frequency tuning ranges (rFTR) of 26% for the Colpitts type and 43.7% for the cross-coupled VCO are reached. |
13,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Orientation-patterned semiconductors for efficient mid-infrared frequency conversion, and key words: Semiconductor lasers, Gallium arsenide, Lasers and electrooptics, Frequency conversion, Light emitting diodes, Photodetectors, Optical materials. Abstract: Compound III-V semiconductors based on GaAs, InP, and their analogs are widely used as LEDs, lasers, and photodetectors. Here we describe novel periodically-inverted GaAs and GaP structures for highly engineerable frequency conversion to the mid-infrared. |
13,419 | Please write an abstract with title: M-MPLS: Micromobility-enabled multiprotocol label switching, and key words: Multiprotocol label switching, Radio access networks, Access protocols, Mobile computing, Paper technology, Signal processing, Wireless networks, Base stations, Transport protocols, Packet switching. Abstract: This paper presents the integration of multiprotocol label switching with hierarchical mobile IPv6. The resulting micromobility-based MPLS (M-MPLS) is defined in two modes of operation: overlay and integrated. In an overlay framework MPLS and HMIP operate on their respective layers without having common processes, tables, or signaling. In an integrated framework, related functions are merged. The overall goal of an integrated framework is to facilitate efficient and reliable network operations while simultaneously optimizing network utilization and system performance. |
13,420 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-tag radio frequency identification systems, and key words: Radiofrequency identification, Electromagnetic coupling, Computer science, Algorithm design and analysis, Security, Backscatter, Electromagnetic propagation, Magnetic fields, Voltage, Joining processes. Abstract: We propose and analyze the effects of attaching more than one RFID tag to each object. We define different types of multi-tag systems and examine their benefits, both analytically and empirically. We also analyze how multi-tags affect some existing tag singulation algorithms. We show how multi-tags can serve as security enhancers, and propose several new promising applications of multi-tags, such as preventing illegal deforestation. |
13,421 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of host authentication mechanism in current POD copy protection system, and key words: Authentication, Protection, Protocols, DH-HEMTs, Manufacturing, Laboratories, Intserv networks, Cities and towns, ANSI standards, Image communication. Abstract: This paper analyses the host authentication mechanism in the current POD (point-of-deployment) copy protection system. At first, the re-authentication procedure cannot stand out a simple replay attack. Secondly, the host authentication protocol makes a DH (Diffie-Hellman) private key in any run as significant as a device private key. At last, the credentials of the POD module are futile. The result urges a technical improvement of the current host authentication mechanism. |
13,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Spin–Orbit Torque and Dipole Coupling for Nanomagnetic Array Programmability, and key words: Magnetomechanical effects, Saturation magnetization, Magnetization, Couplings, Computer architecture, Torque, Current density. Abstract: Computational architectures that rely on an array of dipole-coupled nanomagnetic elements require an energy-efficient method of programming individual elements within the array. As a low-energy, selective method of controlling magnetization, spin-orbit torque (SOT) represents a promising solution. Here, a finite-difference micromagnetic model is used to characterize the dipole coupling between adjacent CoFeB nanodisks and to determine the critical SOT current required to switch these disks. Additionally, a phase plot showing disk dimensions at which both vortex and single-domain in-plane magnetic states are stable is produced. A dipole-coupled array's response to dynamic application of SOT current is also simulated. The results show that the rate of applying SOT current to one element in the array strongly influences the stable states of adjacent elements and that the SOT current amplitude required for this influence is an order of magnitude lower than the previously determined critical switching current. This indicates that SOT current dynamics play a significant role in the behavior of a dipole-coupled array. Finally, an architecture to achieve programmability in nanomagnetic computational platforms with SOT is presented. |
13,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Compressed ultrahigh-speed photography enabled by a snapshot-to-video autoencoder, and key words: Photography, Technological innovation, Image coding, Optical recording, Streaming media, Optical imaging, Real-time systems. Abstract: Ultrahigh-speed optical imaging of transient scenes is indispensable in numerous areas of study, however, existing techniques, e.g., compressed optical-streaking ultrahigh-speed photography (COSUP), are limited by the long processing time and unstable image quality in existing analytical-modeling-based video reconstruction. To address these limitations, we have developed a snapshot-to-video autoencoder (S2V-AE)—a new neural network that maps a compressively recorded 2D image to a movie. The S2V-AE enables the development of single-shot machine-learning assisted real-time (SMART) COSUP, which features a reconstruction time of 60 ms and a large sequence depth of 100 frames. SMART-COSUP is applied to wide-field multipleparticle tracking at 20 thousand frames-per-second (kfps). |
13,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Beamformer system model of focal plane arrays in deep dish radio telescopes, and key words: Radio astronomy, Array signal processing, Radio frequency, Space technology, Telescopes, Cryogenics, Cooling, Reflector antennas, Temperature, Receiving antennas. Abstract: This article describes the design of a radio telescope front-end system with a focal plane array (FPA) and an RF beamforming section. The multi-beam capability of the FPA increases the field of view and the survey scanning speed of the telescope. The system performance is related to the different components and a model for the complexity is derived. We address the number of beams and elements per beam in relation to their impact on system complexity. Also, we demonstrate that in specific applications RF beamforming can be of advantage over digital beamforming systems. Experience is drawn from the technology demonstrator project PHAROS. |
13,425 | Please write an abstract with title: Distortion-Adaptive Grape Bunch Counting for Omnidirectional Images, and key words: Training, Image analysis, Pipelines, Distortion, Density functional theory, Predistortion, Pattern recognition. Abstract: This paper proposes the first object counting method for omnidirectional images. Because conventional object counting methods cannot handle the distortion of omnidirectional images, we propose to process them using stereographic projection, which enables conventional methods to obtain a good approximation of the density function. However, the images obtained by stereographic projection are still distorted. Hence, to manage this distortion, we propose two methods. One is a new data augmentation method designed for the stereographic projection of omnidirectional images. The other is a distortion-adaptive Gaussian kernel that generates a density map ground truth while taking into account the distortion of stereographic projection. Using the counting of grape bunches as a case study, we constructed an original grape-bunch image dataset consisting of omnidirectional images and conducted experiments to evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method performs better than a direct application of the conventional method, improving mean absolute error by 14.7% and mean squared error by 10.5%. |
13,426 | Please write an abstract with title: How simplifying a condition monitoring procedure affects its performances, and key words: Accelerometers, Condition monitoring, Time-frequency analysis, Rotors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Data processing, Classification algorithms. Abstract: In this paper the performances are evaluated of a condition monitoring system for classification of operating statuses of an automatic machine for processing of steel bars, when the characteristics of the system itself are made more and more simple. Standard solutions were adopted in terms of sensors, features and data processing algorithms, in order to achieve information of general applicability. Experimental results show that, if reduction is carried on according to physical and metrological motivations of good practice in condition monitoring, a very acceptable limited reduction of accuracy of results is achieved, even though a remarkable reduction of used resources is realized with reference to the number of sensors and to the data processing load. Guide lines for an effective reduction are also discussed, for purpose of generalizing the proposed solutions. |
13,427 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Robust PI Controllers for Grid-Tied Inverters, and key words: Inverters, Linear programming, Robustness, Couplings, Power system stability, Optimization, Impedance. Abstract: This paper contributes with a procedure that can provide PI current regulators for grid-tied inverters, with robustness against uncertain grid parameters ensured in the control design stage, without the need of a posteriori exhaustive tests of robust performance. The procedure is suitable for inverters with LCL output filters, taking into account the control delay and not using any approximation of lower order for the filter. The gains of fixed PI controllers are obtained offline, in an automated synthesis relying on particle swarm optimization with an objective function based on commonly used frequency domain design criteria, which is also different from similar works, based predominantly on time domain criteria. The results obtained are suitable, respecting the requirements of the IEEE 1547 Standard for grid currents, which makes the proposed procedure an alternative for providing robust PI controllers for grid-tied inverters, avoiding time consuming designs based on human-machine iterations. |
13,428 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reliable and Realtime Data Transmission System for Autonomous Valet Parking, and key words: Protocols, Transmitting antennas, Meetings, Real-time systems, Reliability, Data communication, Wireless fidelity. Abstract: In modern automotive industry, realtime and reliable positioning of vehicles is urgently needed in the autonomous driving system. The objective of this paper is to support the autonomous valet parking system by proposing the reliable transmission protocol for the transmission of real-time positioning signals. A broadcast scheme which sends out the position information of the vehicles is proposed. The time-delay of this positing system is less than the 100ms, which is obviously better than the common Wi-Fi transmission protocol. Meanwhile, the multicast mode based on different channels is proposed to avoid the co-channel interface to increase the reliability of signals transmission. Performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated in some realistic scenarios. Experiment results have proven that the proposed protocol is apt for real-time data transmission with a high reliability. |
13,429 | Please write an abstract with title: Substrate and oxygen-annealing effects on the pulsed-laser-deposited La/sub 0.5/Ca/sub 0.5/Mn/sub 1-x/M/sub x/O/sub 3/(M=Fe,Ni) thin films, and key words: Transistors, Magnetic films, Substrates, Optical films, Magnetic materials, Temperature, X-ray scattering, Colossal magnetoresistance, Magnetic fields, Annealing. Abstract: Perovskite manganite thin films of La/sub 0.5/Ca/sub 0.5/MnO/sub 3/ doped with 5% Fe or Ni were grown on SrTiO/sub 3/, LaAlO/sub 3/, NdGaO/sub 3/, and Si single-crystal substrates by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The as-deposited films were amorphous and epitaxial layers were obtained only after ex-situ post-annealing at 900/spl deg/C under 1 atmosphere of oxygen. The effects of different substrates and oxygen-annealing conditions on these films correlate with their structural, magnetoresistance, and electronic properties. |
13,430 | Please write an abstract with title: The first integration test of the ATLAS end-cap muon level 1 trigger system, and key words: System testing, Mesons, Control systems, Prototypes, Magnetic field measurement, Logic design, Production systems, Logic testing, Hardware, Signal processing. Abstract: A sliced test (SLT) system has been constructed for the ATLAS, one of the flour LHC experiments, end-cap muon level-1 (LVL1) trigger. Although the system has been constructed using yet prototype ASICs or electronics modules, the design scheme of the trigger, readout as well as control logics applied to the system is the final one. The size is about 1/300 of the whole number of channels. The purpose to construct the present integrated system is to confirm the system design even very in detail, and to measure the performance before the final production of all the ingredients are launched. In this paper we discuss the validity of the logics through the comparison of the simulation results, the latency measurement and long run tests. |
13,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Software Architecture for Machine Learning in Personal Financial Planning, and key words: Industries, Software architecture, Machine learning, Tools, Predictive models, Predictive analytics, Investment. Abstract: Trials in the automated investment management, or Robo-advisor, industry have increased with the introduction of newer data analysis tools and technologies. This has resulted in new methods, variables, and ideations being considered for optimal predictive analysis in the stock, bond, and cryptocurrency markets. Large data sets used in conjunction with machine learning are telling and predictive for different points in time. Our research attempts to define a model that can be utilized by financial advisors to theorize future asset predictability. |
13,432 | Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent circuit analysis of an RF integrated ferromagnetic inductor, and key words: Equivalent circuits, Circuit analysis, Radio frequency, Inductors, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic separation, Spirals, Permeability, Magnetic films, Inductance. Abstract: Summary form only given. Equivalent circuit of the on-top magnetic film-type radio-frequency (RF) integrated spiral inductor has been derived to analyze the real contribution of the permeability of the magnetic film to the inductance, L, and the quality factor, Q, of the inductor. The separation of parasitic impedances was the most critical issue. The equivalent circuit will also be required in the near future to design applied RF circuits. In this work, the micro-fabrication, RF measurements and the equivalent circuit analysis have been performed for two-port inductors made in-between a co-planar transmission line. The two port structure is very common in a real RF circuitry. |
13,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Deploying Different Clustering Techniques on a Collaborative-based Movie Recommender, and key words: Filtering, Conferences, Collaborative filtering, Measurement uncertainty, Transportation, Motion pictures, Time measurement. Abstract: Recommendation systems are involved in many industries, for example (e-health, transportation, e-commerce, and agriculture), where Recommendation systems aim to benefit both market and user levels. They help consumers make the right decision based on their preferences without being exposed to data overload. Nowadays, there is a wide range of recommenders based on different filtering approaches, such as Collaborative-based, Content-based, hybrid-based, demographic-based filtering approaches. In this paper, we present clustering-based recommendation systems. We also experiment and show the results for a collaborative-based movie recommender using different clustering techniques such as Kmeans, BIRCH Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies) and DBSCAN (Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise). We intended to choose different clustering approaches such as partitional, hierarchical, and density-based clustering approaches. We incorporated Item-based Collaborative filtering, then applied multiple clustering techniques on the dataset based on the users' ratings. We checked the performance using accuracy measures such as MAE (Mean Absolute Error), RMSE (Root mean square error), and the computed time. These measures were calculated for analysis and comparison purposes. |
13,434 | Please write an abstract with title: Ergodic capacity of frequency selective MIMO burst channels, and key words: Frequency, MIMO, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Radio transmitters, Channel state information, Fading, Channel capacity, AWGN, Wireless communication. Abstract: Current commercial wireless systems use fixed burst structures for data transmission. In this paper, the ergodic Shannon capacity of some time-varying frequency selective channels with fixed burst structured transmission is derived. Multiple antennas in the transmitter and/or in the receiver are assumed. Practical methods for analyzing the capacity of real wireless communication systems in MIMO channels are proposed based on the analysis. The obtained results are applied via numerical examples to the GSM/EDGE system. |
13,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying and Evaluating the Nighttime Economy in China Using Multisource Data, and key words: Economics, Urban areas, Companies, Indexes, Satellite broadcasting, Finance. Abstract: The nighttime economy has always been regarded as an important part of the economy. Monitoring and evaluating the nighttime economic level is of great significance for promoting consumption and economic growth and optimizing industrial structure. However, it is difficult to evaluate the nighttime economy in China due to the data being unavailable. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the nighttime economy in China from different perspectives. First, a comprehensive nighttime economic index (CNEI) was constructed by integrating the nighttime light intensity and the points of interest data to represent the nighttime economic level. The CNEI was then verified using the business report data and socioeconomic statistical data. The results show that the CNEI is highly correlated with the verified data. We also found that Shanghai, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have the highest CNEI values, and the CNEI values of southern cities are generally higher than those of northern cities. This is mainly because the differences in the lifestyles, climatic factors, and cultural customs in the north and south determine the nighttime economic activities. Counties with very high CNEI values are mostly located in the capital cities of each province. The spatial agglomeration at the county level performed more strongly than that at the prefecture level. The study will not only help better understand the nighttime economic level on different scales but also contribute to city-level policymaking on urban planning and economic development. |
13,436 | Please write an abstract with title: Exchange Traded Fund Clustering via Metric Learning, and key words: Measurement, Correlation, Heuristic algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Classification algorithms, Resource management, Portfolios. Abstract: Asset allocation is one of the key elements in financial market. The rationale is to invest on various assets that are different from each other. Lots of methods have been proposed to classify assets into different sub groups. But most of the ideas are either too macroscopic or too mathematical. These methods use lots of financial ideas that may contain human biases such as Merrill Lynch investment clock, or use some close-formed mathematical measurement that cannot easily incorporate financial insights. In this paper, we create diversified portfolios using clustering analysis. We use a nonlinear metric learning algorithm called ITML, which combines financial knowledge with mathematical metrics. It controls the amount of prior information used in the model and can be customized based on different scenarios. Back-testing results show that portfolios generated by our algorithm significantly outperform portfolios from random-selected ETF. ETF is Exchange Traded Fund, which can be traded easily like stocks. The indicators we used to evaluate the portfolios include return, correlation, volatility, Sharpe Ratio and maximum drawdown. The tests are based on Monte Carlo simulations and we allocate the assets based on risk parity. We use 149 most typical ETFs from global market including high/low risk bond ETFs, stock ETFs on Chinese, HK, Germany and US markets in different industry sectors, silver/gold ETFs and energy commodity ETFs. Moreover, features observation gives satisfying explanation for clustering results and shows our model offers good interpretability. |
13,437 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Flow Problem in Water Distribution Networks: Uniqueness and Solvers, and key words: Mathematical model, Water conservation, Concave programming, Integer programming, Quadratic programming. Abstract: Increasing concerns on the security and quality of water distribution systems (WDS), call for computational tools with performance guarantees. To this end, this work revisits the physical laws governing water flow (WF) and provides a hierarchy of solvers of complementary value. Given the water injection or pressure at each WDS node, finding the WFs within pipes and pumps along with the pressures at all WDS nodes, constitutes the WF problem. The latter entails solving a set of (non)-linear equations. We extend uniqueness claims on the solution to the WF equations in setups with multiple fixed-pressure nodes and detailed pump models. For networks without pumps, the WF solution is already known to be the minimizer of a convex function. The latter approach is extended to networks with pumps but not in cycles, through a stitching algorithm. For networks with nonoverlapping cycles, a provably exact convex relaxation of the pressure drop equations yields a mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic program (MI-QCQP) solver. A hybrid scheme combining the MI-QCQP with the stitching algorithm can handle a WDS with overlapping cycles, but without pumps on them. Each solver is guaranteed to converge regardless of initialization, as numerically validated on a benchmark WDS. |
13,438 | Please write an abstract with title: User Clustering and Power Allocation for Massive MIMO With NOMA-Inspired Cognitive Radio, and key words: NOMA, Radio frequency, Quality of service, Resource management, Massive MIMO, Clustering algorithms, Precoding. Abstract: This paper proposes a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system based on cognitive radio (CR) networks. To reduce the users interference, we propose an efficient user clustering algorithm. Within a cluster, we consider the user with the weak channel gain as a primary user (PU) and the user with the strong channel gain as a secondary user (SU). Given the quality of service for both PUs and SUs, we propose a power allocation (PA) method that maximizes the sum rate. The PA optimization problem is discussed into three scenarios which depend on the available transmit power. Thereafter, we derive a robust solution for the PA issue under imperfect channel state information (CSI) assumptions. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed NOMA-CR scheme can significantly improve the spectral efficiency (SE). In addition, the proposed robust PA scheme for the imperfect CSI case reduces the performance loss due to the channel uncertainty. |
13,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Electronic transport properties of incipient graphitic domains formation in PAN derived carbon nanofibers, and key words: Conductivity, Magnetoresistance, Temperature dependence, Magnetic field measurement, Temperature sensors, Magnetic fields, Temperature measurement, Spinning, Costs, Polymers. Abstract: The carbon nanofibers used in this work were derived from a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) precursor solution using electrospinning and vacuum pyrolysis techniques. Their conductivity, /spl sigma/, was measured at temperatures between 1.9 and 300 K and transverse magnetic field between -9 and 9 T. Zero magnetic field conductivity /spl sigma/(0,T) was found to increase monotonically with the temperature with a convex /spl sigma/(0,T) versus T curve. Conductivity increases with the external transverse magnetic field, revealing a negative magnetoresistance at temperatures between 1.9 and 10 K, with a maximum magnetoresistance of -75 % at 1.9 K and 9 T. The magnetic field dependence of the conductivity and the temperature dependence of the zero-field conductivity are best described using the two-dimensional weak localization effect. |
13,440 | Please write an abstract with title: A Variable Step-size Mixed Modulated Lagrange Explicit Time Delay Estimation Algorithm, and key words: Delay effects, Simulation, Computational modeling, Estimation, Sonar, Delay estimation, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: Time delay estimation of passive sonar plays a crucial role in target range and target azimuth. The accurate time delay estimation algorithm with non-integer sampling period, which is also called fractional time delay, has attracted much attention. To estimate the fractional time delay of bandlimited signals, the mixed modulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimator is put forward, and it acts well. It is a fixed step-size algorithm, which means it cannot procure fast convergence rate and simultaneously give out small steady-state error. In this paper, a variable step-size algorithm based on the iteration time is proposed for mixed modulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimator. Simulation results demonstrate that, for bandlimited BPSK signals, the proposed algorithm can yield faster convergence speed at early stage and smaller time delay estimation variance in its steady state than the fixed step-size one. |
13,441 | Please write an abstract with title: Ship Space-Time AIS Trajectory Data Compression Method, and key words: Visualization, Navigation, Data compression, Trajectory, Rivers, Servers, Reliability. Abstract: As the ship Automatic Identification system (Automatic Identification Systems, AIS) mandating the use of a large number of static and dynamic information related to the ship automatically through the shore-based or spaceborne terminal is passed to the maritime system and the shipping company, as an effective water traffic monitoring and management provides the necessary data to support. But because the ship is most of the time when navigating in high speed to or only minor adjustments, that receives a huge ship AIS trajectory data is invalid and redundant information, such a huge data increases the cost of computer memory, reduce the efficiency of data server calls. Therefore, it is important to study how to compress invalid and redundant information based on the main structural features of the AIS trajectory. This paper addresses the problem of many invalid and redundant information generated by Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), and conducts a study to effectively compress invalid and redundant information while preserving the main structural features of ship AIS trajectories. The main research work of this paper is to construct a compression method of ship space-time AIS trajectory data based on Douglas-Peucker (DP) algorithm and select the multiple thresholds to compress the upbound and down-bound ship AIS trajectories respectively. The DTW algorithm is used to evaluate the compression effect, and obtain the optimal compression threshold. Experimental results show that DP algorithm can efficiently compress ship AIS track data and retain pivotal feature points. |
13,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Poled plasma polymers to produce stable on chip modulators for chip to chip optical interconnect, and key words: Plasma stability, Optical polymers, Optical interconnections, Silicon, Optical resonators, CMOS process, Microelectronics, Plasma sources, Nanostructures, Light sources. Abstract: We have presented the architecture of a silicon nanocomposite photonic interconnect structure based on using an off chip broad band light source and precision tuned microring resonators for demultiplexing. Non linear optical polymers have been developed with high electro optic coefficients and demonstrated operationally at well over 100 GHz. These materials are formed by the "poling" of the polymer to produce the required alignment. Further, they possess the ability to integrate with CMOS processing to capitalize on the ability of silicon based microelectronics to produce low cost, optically interconnected CMOS microelectronic devices. |
13,443 | Please write an abstract with title: ReInstancer: Automatically Refactoring for Instanceof Pattern Matching, and key words: Casting, Java, Codes, Switches, Manuals, Feature extraction, Pattern matching. Abstract: Pattern matching for instanceof is widely used with the advantage of conditionally extracting components from objects and with the disadvantage of the compulsory usage of type castings. The feature of pattern matching has been periodically previewed in the latest released version of JDK to avoid redundant type castings and to optimize pattern matching in multi-branch statements. Although pattern matching has many benefits, manual refactoring for instanceof pattern matching is time-consuming and tedious. Furthermore, no existing work can provide sufficient support for such refactoring. To this end, this paper presents a refactoring tool ReInstancer that mitigates and simplifies type castings by converting a multi-branch statement with instanceof pattern matching into a switch statement or expression automatically. ReInstancer is evaluated on 7 real-world applications, with a total of 4404 instanceof expressions. The evaluation results demonstrate that ReInstancer can successfully remove 2060 type castings and refactor 141 multi-branch statements with a total of 1972 instanceof pattern matching, which improves the code quality. |
13,444 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Harmonic Load Flow Solution with Reduced Jacobean Matrix, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Power demand, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Power electronics, Planning, Matrix converters. Abstract: Due to extensive use of power electronic circuits in wide range applications, there is noticeable non-sinusoidal currents and ultimately non-sinusoidal bus voltages present in today’s power systems. Load flow analysis is widely used to find out voltage at various parts of the systems under sinusoidal conditions. By reformulation of conventional load flow, the harmonic load flow algorithms has been implemented on the power systems with the type of nonlinearity of nonlinear loads known. This requires the detailed modelling of the nonlinear load and possesses Fourier expansion of nonsinusoidal load current. In this paper, nonlinear load is taken into account by using harmonic spectrum of the load available in IEEE-519 and an efficient harmonic load flow method is proposed which result in reduction of size of Jacobean matrix. Power flow equations are generated based on IEEE Standard 1459-2010. The proposed algorithm is implemented on IEEE 5 bus system which is modified by considering nonlinear load with same active power demand at bus 5. For simplicity, a sixpulse converter is considered as a non-linear load. The results obtained by the proposed algorithm are verified by modelling the power system in MATLAB platform and the results are presented in this paper. |
13,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity analysis in influence diagrams, and key words: Sensitivity analysis, Probability distribution, Robustness, Uncertainty, Delta modulation, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Utility theory, Information analysis. Abstract: The influence diagram framework serves as a powerful modeling tool for symmetric decision problems with a single decision maker. However, one of the main difficulties when representing decision problems using influence diagrams is eliciting the utilities and the probabilities. This makes it desirable to be able to investigate: 1) how sensitive the solution is to variations in some utility or probability parameter, and 2) how robust the solution is to joint variations over a set of parameters. In this paper, we propose a general algorithm for performing these types of analysis. |
13,446 | Please write an abstract with title: The Use of 3D Parametric Modeling for Internal Combustion Engine Design Automation, and key words: Engines, Solid modeling, Internal combustion engines, Integrated circuit modeling, Computational modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Pistons. Abstract: The article presents the methodology and some results of using parametric three-dimensional modeling for developing 3D models of internal combustion engine parts. The composition and structure of the system of the computer-aided design of the internal combustion engine developed in MADI are considered. The possibilities of using internal combustion engine CAD in the educational process for the study and design of the internal combustion engine, as well as for the calculation of engine noise during the scientific work are shown. |
13,447 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent developments in silicon optoelectronic devices, and key words: Optoelectronic devices, Luminescence, Integrated circuit technology, Semiconductor materials, Optical films, IP networks, Silicon compounds, Optical fiber networks, Costs, Optical materials. Abstract: Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and multi-media communication networks, there are urgent needs and tremendous commercial values in the development of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). This work reviews the recent developments and the prospect of silicon-based integrated optoelectronic circuits (Si-OEICs). The technological aspects of porous silicon and oxynitride devices for integrated optoelectronic applications are discussed. Some optoelectronic devices realized with these technologies are described. Recent achievements indicate that the present constraints for using Si-based materials in optoelectronics are mainly technological rather than physical. Once these technological difficulties are resolved, the realization and applications of Si-OEICs will grow rapidly. |
13,448 | Please write an abstract with title: Regulatory review and barriers for the electricity supply system for distributed generation in EU-15, and key words: Distributed control, Cogeneration, Power generation economics, Legislation, Current control, Power distribution, Environmental economics, Fuel economy, Europe, Intelligent networks. Abstract: When distributed electricity supply surpasses a particular level, it can no longer be ignored in planning and operation of the electricity networks. Therefore, improvements of the regulatory framework of the electricity networks are required along with the growth of the electricity supply from distributed generation. This paper reviews the current regulation of the grids with respect to distributed generation in EU-15 Member States and compares the different systems. Several barriers are identified |
13,449 | Please write an abstract with title: Active facial tracking for fatigue detection, and key words: Fatigue, Face detection, Tracking, Facial features, Motion detection, Computer vision, Face recognition, Object detection, Infrared sensors, Robustness. Abstract: The vision-based driver fatigue detection is one of the most prospective commercial applications of facial expression recognition technology. The facial feature tracking is the primary technique issue in it. Current facial tracking technology faces three challenges: (1) detection failure of some or all of features due to a variety of lighting conditions and head motions; (2) multiple and non-rigid object tracking; and (3) features occlusion when the head is in oblique angles. In this paper, we propose a new active approach. First, the active IR sensor is used to robustly detect pupils under variable lighting conditions. The detected pupils are then used to predict the head motion. Furthermore, face movement is assumed to be locally smooth so that a facial feature can be tracked with a Kalman filter. The simultaneous use of the pupil constraint and the Kalman filtering greatly increases the prediction accuracy for each feature position. Feature detection is accomplished in the Gabor space with respect to the vicinity of predicted location. Local graphs consisting of identified features are extracted and used to capture the spatial relationship among detected features. Finally, a graph-based reliability propagation is proposed to tackle the occlusion problem and verify the tracking results. The experimental results show validity of our active approach to real-life facial tracking under variable lighting conditions, head orientations, and facial expressions. |
13,450 | Please write an abstract with title: Grey Wolf Optimizer Enhanced SVM for IoT Fault Detection, and key words: Support vector machines, Wireless communication, Industries, Fault detection, Neural networks, Solids, Robustness. Abstract: Recently, Internet of things (IoT) is invading our daily life, which make it very attractive to industry as well as research community. the functionality of devices is prone to many failures. Discovering these failures is challenging problem due to field of devices deployment or due to device itself as resource constrained. We propose, in this paper, a novel IoT fault detection method. Feature extraction and classification is done by Support Vector Machines. Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO) is added to the scheme for eliminating the irrelevant and redundant features. GWO optimizer is used to maximize the classification accuracy and to evaluate the selected features for the SVM classifier. This added component reflects the robustness of the proposed solution that has achieved very satisfying results. The overall accuracy is improved reaching 90.28 %. |
13,451 | Please write an abstract with title: On integral input-to-state stability of event-triggered control systems, and key words: Communication networks, Data communication, Stability analysis, Additives, Nonlinear systems, Actuators. Abstract: We consider nonlinear control systems, where transmission between plant and controller are scheduled via asynchronous event-triggering policies. We propose a Lyapunov-based approach to develop so-called dynamic triggering conditions such that the controlled system is integral input-to-state stable. Moreover, by the use of event-triggering policies, a positive minimum inter-event time is ensured that prevents Zeno type behavior and renders the approach practically implementable. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by application to bilinear systems. |
13,452 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep-Learning Approach to Find Respiratory Syndromes in Infants using Thermal Imaging, and key words: Machine learning, Pediatrics, Diseases, Monitoring, Imaging, Neural networks, Testing. Abstract: Respiratory syndromes being one of the most recurrent issues in a neonate, our methodology involves detection of respiratory rates to identify different types of respiratory syndromes in an infant. Most of the monitoring techniques involve an invasive monitoring approach, which may bring uneasiness to the patient. In our approach, we use a non-invasive method to classify respiratory diseases using a deep learning model in thermal imaging. A deep learning neural network is created using Keras which classifies the respiratory rates into four classes namely Tachypnea, Bradypnea, Healthy and No information. This model gives a recall and precision of 0.92. |
13,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Validating FR2 MIMO OTA Channel Models in 3D MPAC, and key words: Performance evaluation, Anechoic chambers, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Standardization, New Radio, Channel models. Abstract: Fifth Generation (5G) technology is about to set its global footprint. Its success relies heavily on the standardization process, which is rapidly progressing to specify verification metrics and test methodologies for 5G New Radio (NR) device certifications. For this purpose, three-dimensional (3D) multiprobe anechoic chamber (MPAC) has been selected as a reliable reference solution for creating an accurate test environment. This paper reports first ever FR2 MIMO over-the-air (OTA) channel models validation measurements according to 3GPP specified verification procedure. The evaluated validation metrics include power-delay profile (PDP) and power-angular spectrum (PAS) similarity percentage (PSP). The measurement results closely follow the simulated and theoretical references, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of FR2 MIMO OTA channel models validation procedure adopted by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). |
13,454 | Please write an abstract with title: Innovative Assistance for e-Navigation-oriented Voyage Planning and Ship Collision Avoidance, and key words: Marine vehicles, Planning, Navigation, Shape, Monitoring, Training, Engines. Abstract: A new technology called RAPIT for “Rapid Advanced Prediction & Interface Technology” was developed, based on Fast Time Simulation to simulate the ships motion with complex dynamic models in order to immediately display the ships track in an Electronic Sea Chart for intended or actual rudder or engine manoeuvres. This is the basis for the innovative “Simulation Augmented Manoeuvring Design and Monitoring” - SAMMON toolbox: In earlier papers is has been described how this new technology were used to improve the simulator training in advanced ship handling training. Now the time has started that this software will be used for voyage planning on-board ships as a new type of designing a manoeuvring plan for the arrival/departure plans in ports and fairways as enhancement of the common pure way point planning. In a new research project, the Fast Time Simulation has also been used for Collision Avoidance: the innovative technique was tested for simulating the ships motion for extreme evasive manoeuvres as a Stand-On vessel. This ship needs to take action in time if the Give-Way vessel is not following the rules of the road and take appropriate action. The new method allows the prediction of the manoeuvre as the last line of defence taking into account the current speed and other ships and environmental conditions. |
13,455 | Please write an abstract with title: An FPGA-Based LDPC Decoder With Ultra-Long Codes for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution, and key words: Decoding, Throughput, Hardware, Schedules, Field programmable gate arrays, Signal to noise ratio, Iterative decoding. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a good decoding performance, low-complexity, and high-speed decoder architecture for ultra-long quasi-cyclic LDPC codes by using the layered sum-product decoding scheme. To reduce implementation complexity and hardware resource consumption, the messages in the iteration process are uniformly quantified and the function Ψ(x) is approximated with second-order functions. The decoder architecture improves the decoding throughput by using partial parallel and pipeline structures. A modified construction method of parity check matrices was applied to prevent read&write conflicts and achieve high-speed pipeline structure. The simulation results show that our decoder architecture has good performance at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as low as -0.6 dB. We have implemented our decoder architecture on a Virtex-7 XC7VX690T field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The implementation results show that the FPGA-based LDPC decoder can achieve throughputs of 108.64 Mb/s and 70.32 Mb/s at SNR of 1.0 dB when the code length is 262,144 and 349,952, respectively. The decoder can find useful applications in those scenarios that require very low SNRs and high throughputs, such as the information reconciliation of continuous-variable quantum key distribution. |
13,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Fault-Tolerant Consensus Based on the PBFT Algorithm, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Scalability, Complexity theory, Blockchains, Consensus algorithm, Analytical models. Abstract: Nowadays Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm has become the most extensive consensus algorithm in the alliance chain. However, the PBFT algorithm is usually only applicable to small networks due to high communication complexity and poor scalability. Although there have been many improved algorithms for PBFT in recent years, they ignore fault tolerance and democracy. Therefore, to meet the requirements of a high degree of decentralization and fault tolerance of blockchain-based scenarios. This paper proposes a high fault tolerance consensus algorithm NBFT, which follows the principle of decentralization and democratization of blockchain and ensures the improvement of performance in fault tolerance upper limit and scalability. First, we use the consistent hash algorithm to group the consensus nodes to avoid much communication between nodes, reduce the communication complexity of the network, and improve the scalability of the network. Second, to ensure the fault-tolerant ability of the grouping consensus, the nodal decision broadcast model and threshold vote-counting model are proposed first. Combined with the proposed two models, the joint fault analysis of nodes is carried out, and the fault tolerance upper limit is more than 1/3. Then, the Faulty Number Determined (FND) model is introduced to simulate the experiment, and the results are verified. |
13,457 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectrum Waterfall Completion in Jamming Enviroment: A General Adversarial Networks Method, and key words: Wireless communication, Simulation, Generative adversarial networks, Generators, Sensors, Jamming, Gallium nitride. Abstract: It is very important for completing spectrum data in the wireless communication system. The traditional completion method mainly considered the missing completion operation of sparse data. To solve this problem, we proposed an efficient algorithm based on generative adversarial network (GAN), which can automatically mine the relationship of the data and complete the missing data accurately. The proposed method uses the sensing spectrum waterfall as the input sample of the network structure. We adopt a pre-classification module and generation module based on GAN to generate incomplete spectrum data in multiple jamming patterns. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively complete the missing data, and its performance is better than that of the data completion algorithm without a clssifier. |
13,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-driven Preprocessing Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Diabetes, Heart and Liver Diseases, and key words: Heart, Support vector machines, Adaptation models, Liver diseases, Pipelines, Encoding, Diabetes. Abstract: The emergence of machine learning in medicine has revolutionized the entire procedure of detecting and treating ailments. For knowledge extraction and decision support, machine learning models have been adapted in healthcare research. The significance of data preprocessing is often overlooked in mainstream health informatics research, which focuses more on generating accurate models. This paper focuses on building robust classification models for the prediction of diabetes, heart, and liver disease using a variety of preprocessing techniques to achieve optimal results. The implementation of the models is carried out on datasets sourced from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning Repository. Numerous preprocessing techniques such as feature engineering, data pruning, oversampling for skewed datasets, imputation of missing values, encoding categorical variables, and feature scaling are used in this paper. These techniques help considerably augment the performance of the classification algorithms used, which include Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) among others. The performance of these algorithms is further improved by hyperparameter tuning, significantly improving the accuracy scores. The maximum accuracies obtained for heart disease, liver disease and diabetes prediction are 90.16%, 73% and 93.23% respectively. The paper also showcases the advantages of detection of these diseases at an early stage, which could make a substantial difference in numerous cases. The performance of different classifiers has been documented using metrics such as Accuracy, Balanced Accuracy, and F-1 score. Further visualization and comparison of the performance of the classification algorithms are carried out to find the best results. |
13,459 | Please write an abstract with title: A Nonlinear Back-stepping Controller of DC-DC Non Inverting Buck-Boost Converter for Maximizing Photovoltaic Power Extraction, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Radiation effects, Voltage control, Maximum power point trackers, Mathematical model, Lyapunov methods. Abstract: In this paper the integration of the application of the Back-Stepping Control (BSC) strategy for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented. The output voltage regulation and the MPPT control strategy is applied to a DC-DC Non-Inverting Buck Boost (NIBB). The robust and non-linear BSC is based on Lyapunov function for ensuring the local stability of the system. Further on, the basic idea of this later is to synthesize a recursive way control law step by step. Simulations are performed to validate the control strategy and analyze the performance. The obtained results show that the proposed solution, compared with the well known classical PI controller, exhibits lower transient overshoot, lower tracking error and fast response when solar irradiation and cell temperature occur. |
13,460 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning based Slow Learner Prediction in Educational Sector, and key words: Computer science, Machine learning algorithms, Education, Machine learning, Market research, Informatics, Faces. Abstract: The educational sector has been proved to be a major sector where improvement measures are a must to develop the system and the curriculum which changes in every few years. Students state that in order to cope with the changing curriculum every now and then, Education is said to be the backbone of a nation. If the students are falling behind that means the nation is falling behind. Therefore, it is necessary to guide student for their betterment which will help us to achieve a strong backbone. Our purpose of the study is to predict the slow learner among the university level learners which is the crucial stage of their study life and the step where they must acquire skills to face the professional life. The proposed study has collected data from the computer science and engineering department students. In order to achieve the better outcome, machine learning algorithms have been applied and finally 98% accuracy has been obtained. |
13,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of noise removal speed and accuracy in various color spaces of image, and key words: Image color analysis, Colored noise, Image processing, Rain, Optimization, Video sequences, Snow. Abstract: Images taken outdoors are highly likely to generate noise due to rain, snow, and fog. So, removing noise is one of the important fields in image processing. This field usually requires a real-time, high-speed image processing. The noise removal field could be used in the pre-processing stage of extensive image processing such as perception processing of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, optimization for real-time processing should be preceded and an approach that characteristics of color space will be one of them. This research applies several color spaces to image processing and analyzes them through three steps. First, the dataset construction. A ground truth and a noised dataset are needed for quantitative evaluation. Second, image de-noise. Third, evaluation through indicators. Through this, analyze the possibility of optimizing image processing through color space. |
13,462 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning visual models of semantic concepts, and key words: Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Benchmark testing, Feedback, Feature extraction, Data mining, Shape, Machine learning, Face detection, Content based retrieval. Abstract: Statistical machine learning provides a computational framework for mapping low level media features to high level semantics concepts. In this paper we expose the challenges that these techniques face. Using support vector machine (SVM) classification we build models for 34 semantic concepts for the TREC 2002 benchmark corpus. We study the effect of number of examples available for training with respect to their impact on detection. We also examine low level feature fusion as well as parameter sensitivity with SVM classifiers. |
13,463 | Please write an abstract with title: Template Matching Technique for Unobstrusive Leak Event Detection in Oil and Gas Pipelines, and key words: Pressure sensors, Surface waves, Event detection, Oils, Working environment noise, Pipelines, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: Oil & Gas is the most common source to meet the ever-increasing energy demand in the world; thus, the pipelines run inter-country to inter-continents. One of the biggest challenges faced by the Oil & Gas companies is to monitor such long pipelines for leak events as unattended leaks may cause a catastrophe (environmental hazards, life loss, economic loss etc.). Negative Pressure Waves (NPW) can monitor leaks from a considerable distance. These pressure waves can travel a very long distance (~10 km) and can be detected since low frequencies have significantly less attenuation in fluids. Most existing NPW techniques rely on invasive pressure sensors for their enhanced reliability. However, for existing industrial scenarios drilling pipelines poses a severe hindrance. Accelerometer-based NPW techniques, although more attractive to industrial use-cases due to their unobtrusive, easy-to-install nature and maintainability, come with their challenges. These sensors are susceptible to environmental noises and are generally likely to generate false leak event alarms during routine pipe maintenance jobs. This paper investigates the template matching technique for unobtrusive accelerometer-based leak event detection to isolate NPW signatures from other vibrational signatures on the pipe surface. More particularly, we setup a small pipeline with an air compressor to create leaks in a pressurized pipe and exploited an accelerometer sensor to pick up the NPW signatures on the pipe surface. Thus, the proposed approach offers a complete non-invasive yet robust solution for capturing low-frequency NPW waves. |
13,464 | Please write an abstract with title: H Shaped Broad Band Dielectric Antenna With Low Profile and Trapezoidal Feed for Advanced Wireless Applications, and key words: Antenna measurements, Wireless LAN, Bandwidth, WiMAX, Antenna feeds, Dielectric resonator antennas, Broadband communication. Abstract: In this article, a novel H-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) placed on top of a cube DRA excited with a trapezoidal feed was analyzed for broadband applications. A ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 9.8 was used in the DRA structure design and placed on a NeltecNY9260 (IM) (tm) substrate measuring 55 x 55 x 0.715 mm³ to analyze the proposed antenna. From 4.0 to 8.1 GHz, the proposed antenna structure has a large impedance bandwidth of 67.7% with | S11 | -10 dB.The simulated antenna offers a maximum gain of 6.68 dB in the operating band. This antenna is useful for C-band, Wi-Max (3.3-3.7 GHz) and WLAN (4.6-5.8 GHz) applications. |
13,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Partial path set-up for fault-tolerant routing in hypercubes, and key words: Fault tolerance, Routing, Hypercubes, Safety, Protocols, Circuits, Message passing, Microelectronics, Costs, System recovery. Abstract: A new technique is proposed for fault-tolerant routing in hypercubes, which needs to set up a partial path based on local safety information. Local safety information is utilized to guide fault-tolerant routing. The proposed local safety is a centralized metric. A feasible path from the source to the destination may not be guaranteed at the source based on local safety information when the system contains a large number of faults although a feasible path is available. A partial path is set up for fault-tolerant routing, where the header flit is forwarded until a maximal safe subcube is found to contain the current node and the destination. Backtracking is adopted only for the header along the minimum paths or nonminimum feasible paths if necessary in order to set up a partial feasible path. Extensive simulation results have shown that the partial path set-up scheme is quite useful for fault-tolerant routing while the extra cost caused by path set-up is trivial. |
13,466 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey Of Different Workflow Scheduling Algorithms In Cloud Computing, and key words: Cloud Computing, types of scheduling, workflow scheduling. Abstract: Cloud computing is a suitable platform to execute large applications with huge amount of resources to provide a variety of services to the users. Workflow scheduling plays a major role in cloud computing for the optimal resource utilization. It mainly focuses on the effective application of resources and to reduce the resource allocation time. Hence, workflow scheduling is the essential part in Cloud Computing. There are various scheduling algorithms considering parameters such as Throughput, Energy Consumption, Makespan, Resource Utilization, Cost, Computational Time, Bandwidth and Resource Availability. A number of scheduling algorithms are present in cloud computing but the examination of those algorithms are less likely to find. In order to get a clear idea on various scheduling algorithms, the proposed paper gives a survey on various scheduling algorithms. The proposed survey tries to shed light on the comparison of scheduling algorithms present in cloud computing. |
13,467 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Security Implementation for Real Time Internet Packet Traces, and key words: Data security, Internet, Intrusion detection, Electronic mail, Web pages, Authentication, Protocols, Payloads, Pattern matching, Optical coupling. Abstract: In experimental field such as computer systems science, it is common to study real-world behavior as a means of gaining insight. One time-honored methodology is the collection of trace data, either as a snapshot or over a period of time, for later replay or analysis. The sharing of Internet packet traces is very limited because real-world traces contain many kinds of sensitive information, such as host addresses, emails, personal web pages, and even authentication keys. The lack of such traces greatly limits research on application protocols. It is especially crippling for network intrusion detection research, forcing researchers to devise synthetic attacks. In this paper we describe an approach to transform and anonymize packet traces. The paper elaborates on the anonymization of the internet packet traces and corresponding trace transformation The algorithm discussed can anonymize both packet headers and payloads, and can perform application-level transformations such as editing HTTP or SMTP headers, replacing the content of Web items with MD5 hashes, or altering filenames or reply codes that match given patterns. Thus the paper aims to shed light on a new trace transformation & anonymization techniques with features for the future, coupled with reliability and frugal use of resources take technology to the masses as well as the researchers, making the world a truly global village. As such, we hope to help open up new opportunities in Internet measurement and network intrusion detection re-search. |
13,468 | Please write an abstract with title: WiSE video: using in-band wireless loss notification to improve rate-controlled video streaming, and key words: Streaming media, Switches, Performance loss, Resilience, Wireless application protocol, Kalman filters, Wireless networks, Bandwidth, Propagation losses, Interference. Abstract: Both data and multimedia applications over the Internet are expected to perform some kind of congestion control, typically using packet loss as an indication for congestion. However, when packets are lost due to wireless errors, decreasing the rate unnecessarily harms the application's performance. The paper proposes to use an in-band notification mechanism, called WiSE (wireless signaling via ECN), to distinguish wireless errors from congestion losses and improve the performance of rate-controlled video streamed over wireless links. A WiSE agent on the wireless network identifies wireless errors and piggy-backs this information onto other video packets. The WiSE-aware video source can benefit from this notification (1) by avoiding unnecessary decreases in the sending rate in response to wireless errors, and (2) by accurately adjusting the error resilience for the wireless link. Simulations demonstrate that WiSE provides a significant improvement in video quality over a wide range of conditions. |
13,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Basic model for muscle control, and key words: Muscles, Equations, Humans, Artificial intelligence, Control systems, Motion control, Communication system control, Transfer functions, Output feedback, Databases. Abstract: A control system has to have much information to be processed in order to get a proper output in various situations. For getting a proper output, we now have many kinds of AI methods and techniques. However, those methods and techniques are not so flexible enough to get a proper output to an input when an output is not a desired one. That is to say, when the present methods have once produced an output, it is the final one and it cannot get another one whatever an output expectation is. Within this control mechanism, the behavior of a motion control like a muscle is stable because of the complexity of the system. So in this paper, a basic idea for the description method of a complex system in communication, a general system mechanism, and a total system expression are introduced. And by using the said method, a new approach for controlling a muscle movement in turbulence is discussed and introduced. A simple example is given by using the said method. |
13,470 | Please write an abstract with title: Overview of the Eighth Dialog System Technology Challenge: DSTC8, and key words: Task analysis, Measurement, Social networking (online), Predictive models, Training, Complexity theory, Adaptation models. Abstract: This paper introduces the Eighth Dialog System Technology Challenge. In line with recent challenges, the eighth edition focuses on applying end-to-end dialog technologies in a pragmatic way for multi-domain task-completion, noetic response selection, audio visual scene-aware dialog, and schema-guided dialog state tracking tasks. This paper describes the task definition, provided datasets, baselines and evaluation set-up for each track. We also summarize the results of the submitted systems to highlight the overall trends of the state-of-the-art technologies for the tasks. |
13,471 | Please write an abstract with title: Fluid Antenna System Enhancing Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, and key words: 6G, fluid antenna system, orthogonal multiple access, non-orthogonal multiple access. Abstract: Fluid antenna system (FAS) has recently emerged as a promising candidate for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. Unlike traditional antenna systems (TASs), FAS is a new wireless communication system where the so-called ‘fluid’ antenna (FA) can finely change its position within a given area. This unique ability allows FAS to harness additional diversity and multiplexing gains. In this letter, we investigate the applications of FAS in orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks for performance enhancement. Specifically, we maximize the sum-rate of these multiple access schemes via optimal port selection and power allocation subject to per-user rate requirement. We then obtain the optimal variables in closed-form expressions. Our results reveal that FAS significantly improves the sum-rate of OMA and NOMA when compared to TAS. More interestingly, we discover that it is possible for FAS without channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) to outperform optimal TAS with CSIT. |
13,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Error detection in signed digit arithmetic circuit with parity checker [adder example], and key words: Arithmetic, Adders, Circuit faults, Electrical fault detection, Fault detection, Computer architecture, Application specific integrated circuits, Computer applications, Pervasive computing, Integrated circuit reliability. Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology for the development of simple arithmetic self-checking circuits using a signed digit representation. In particular, the architecture of an adder is reported and its self-checking capability with respect to the stuck-at fault set is shown. The main idea underlying the paper is to exploit the properties of signed digit representation, allowing carry-free operations. In a carry free adder, the parity can be easily checked, allowing therefore detecting the occurrence of a fault belonging to the considered stuck-at fault set. The proposed architecture is therefore very suitable for the implementation of self-checking adders that are also fast due to the same carry free property. |
13,473 | Please write an abstract with title: North Korea's nuclear revelation puts spotlight on China, and key words: Nuclear weapons, Government, Security, Terrorism. Abstract: When North Korea admitted in mid-October that it had been actively developing nuclear weapons, in violation of international agreements, it put several big diplomatic players in awkward positions: the United States, because it wanted to keep the focus on Iraq; Japan, which was eager to keep improving relations with the Koreas; but most of all China, nominally an ally of North Korea, but with plenty of good reasons to be unhappy with the prospect of its erratic neighbor's acquiring weapons of mass destruction. On the surface, relations between Asia's two Communist countries still seemed cozy at the time the United States confronted North Korea with intelligence on the latter's clandestine nuclear program. But in fact, the fast-industrializing People's Republic has had less and less in common with its mostly pre-modern neighbor. So it is perhaps no wonder that China seized on Pyongyang's surprise admission as an opportunity to improve its relationship with the United States. |
13,474 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Characteristics of NTRU and ECC Cryptosystem in context of IoT Environment, and key words: Elliptic curve cryptography, Elliptic curves, Encryption, Performance evaluation, Receivers, Convolution, Standards. Abstract: With the increased use of Internet-of- Things (IoT) devices for daily activities, the necessity of improving the speed and performance of such devices also arise. The devices produce sensitive data at a massive and rapid rate. Since the infrastructure available with such small-scale devices are constrained, an algorithm which provides better security performance and is faster within the constraints is necessitated. This paper discusses two asymmetric algorithms NTRU (Nth Degree Truncated Polynomial) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which are widely known to be secure. ECC is a popular algorithm and widely used because of its low-key size. However, it can be easily broken by quantum computers. NTRU is one of the most recognized algorithms that can resist even quantum attacks. It has less computational complexity due to simple polynomial operations. The need is for an algorithm to provide ample security while taking the time of the computational complexities into consideration. The performance of ECC and NTRU have been evaluated based on key generation time, encryption time, and decryption time. Text data provided by the small-scale IoT devices has been considered for analysis. The analysis gives a deeper view of both algorithms. |
13,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation pattern of a planar electromagnetically coupled coaxial dipole array mounted over a finite metallic reflected plate, and key words: Electromagnetic coupling, Coaxial components, Antenna radiation patterns, Electromagnetic analysis, Pattern analysis, Physical theory of diffraction, Terrestrial atmosphere, Radar antennas, Radar applications, Antenna arrays. Abstract: An efficient numerical method is proposed to analyze the far-field of electromagnetically coupled coaxial dipole (ECCD) element, and then uniform physical theory of diffraction (PTD) together with the above method is applied to investigate the radiation pattern of a novel planar ECCD array mounted over a finite metallic plate. Finally, as an application to the above ECCD array, lower troposphere radar (LTR) is briefly introduced. The analysis procedure in this paper can also be expected for optimum design in the systems involving the ECCD array antenna. |
13,476 | Please write an abstract with title: An investigation of the performances of simple gene selection methodologies for cancer classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Correlation coefficient, Conferences, Redundancy, Evolutionary computation, Feature extraction, Computational efficiency. Abstract: Gene expression datasets usually contain a large number of genes which impose a computational burden and complexity on the classifier. Thus, feature selection plays an integral part in sophisticated cancer classification frameworks. In the existing literature, feature selections have been often performed by computationally expensive methods (e.g., wrapper-based methods, evolutionary algorithms). In this paper, we show that the combinations of various simple feature selection methods that require minimal computational cost are often effective for cancer classification. We utilize two sets of simple statistical methods to identify the topmost class-correlated genes (set 1) and eliminate redundant genes (set 2), respectively. Finally, the selected gene set is integrated with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performances of these simple methodologies are compared with a number of existing methods on ten gene expression benchmark datasets. It is observed that in many datasets, these simple methodologies yield similar efficacy to the complex and computationally expensive approaches using only a small number of genes. |
13,477 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser for measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical fibers, and key words: Tunable circuits and devices, Optical fiber polarization, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Laser modes, Ring lasers, Polarization mode dispersion, Optical fibers, Semiconductor lasers, Optical design, Laser applications. Abstract: We describe the design and development of a novel tunable fiber laser and its application to polarization-mode dispersion measurements of optical fibers using broad-band orthogonal-pump four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. |
13,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Entropy-Based Coherent Integration Method for Moving Target Detection Using Phased-MIMO Radar, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, MIMO radar, Radar detection, Object detection, Numerical simulation, Entropy, Doppler radar. Abstract: This paper considers the coherent integration problem for moving target detection in phased-Multi-In Multi-Out (MIMO) radar. An integration method based on entropy is proposed to realize the coherent accumulation of target signal energy of the multi-subarrays for the phased-MIMO radar. Firstly, the two dimension (fast time-slow time) signal model is established. Secondly, the differences of signal phase along the fast time dimension are eliminated via frequency shift operation after range alignment, while the Doppler frequency induced by target’s velocity is then compensated using slow time Fourier Transform (FT). Thirdly, the phase differences caused by the time delay are estimated and compensated by using an entropy-based approach. Finally, the Doppler-location searching is presented to achieve the coherent accumulation. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
13,479 | Please write an abstract with title: Balanced Bandpass Filter With Common-Mode Reflectionless Feature by Terminated Coupled Lines, and key words: Radio frequency, Band-pass filters, Inductance, Equivalent circuits, Shunts (electrical), Prototypes, Capacitance. Abstract: Based on the terminated coupled-line pairs, this article reports a novel design method to synthesize a common-mode (CM) reflectionless all-stop filter with differential mode (DM) bandpass characteristic for balanced radio-frequency (RF) transmitter. With the adoption of symmetric property, the equivalent circuit models for both DM and CM are developed for the design purpose. The main contribution of this article is the development of a systematic impedance matching method to CM noise. Compared with conventional approach like adjusting the transmission zeros, the CM noise power would be dissipated on the terminators (resistors) rather than reflected. For practical validation, two butterworth microstrip prototypes (2nd-order/4th-order) were manufactured and measured in the 0-5.0 GHz range. It would be found that the measured CM absorption rate is over 88% from 0 to 5 GHz for both samples. Besides, the DM center frequency locates at 1.0 GHz with the measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 56% and 65%, respectively. To author's best knowledge, this work is the first RF balanced bandpass filter that is capable of absorbing the CM noise at all frequencies. |
13,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Centernet for Embedded Deep Learning Object Detection, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Deep learning, Performance evaluation, Location awareness, Embedded systems, Training data, Object detection. Abstract: Object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision with wide application prospect. And recent years, many novel methods are proposed to tackle this task. However, most algorithms suffer from high computation cost and long inference time, which makes them impossible to be deployed on embedded devices in real industrial application scenarios. In this paper, we propose the Mobile CenterNet to solve this problem. Our method is based on CenterNet but with some key improvements. To enhance detection performance, we adopt HRNet as a powerful backbone and introduce a categorybalanced focal loss to deal with category imbalance problem. Moreover, to compress the model size as well as reduce inference time, knowledge distillation is employed to transfer knowledge from cumbersome model to a compact one. We conduct experiments on a large traffic detection dataset BDD100K and validate the effectiveness of all the modifications. Finally, our method achieves the 1st place in the Embedded Deep Learning Object Detection Model Compression Competition held in ICME 2020. |
13,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison between peak and an improved one-cycle current mode control of a buck converter power stage, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Buck converters, Mathematical analysis, Frequency conversion, Stability analysis, Noise measurement, Voltage control. Abstract: A comparison between the Peak Current Mode Control and an improved implementation of the One-Cycle Control is presented in this paper. The whole design was implemented using behavioral models. A common power stage was developed to compare the performances of the two control modes, while the controllers were designed for the same crossover frequency using a second order compensator. The performances were assessed by performing frequency and transient simulations in both continuous (CCM) and discontinuous (DCM) conduction modes. |
13,482 | Please write an abstract with title: 2.75-Bit Reflecting Unit Cell Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, and key words: Performance evaluation, Wireless communication, PIN photodiodes, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, Metasurfaces, Reflection, Scattering parameters. Abstract: This work proposes a phase-shifting unit cell for a reconfigurable intelligent surface capable of exhibiting 8 discrete phase states at 5G mid-band. An individually addressable unit cell embedded with 3 PIN diodes has been designed to provide enhanced phase resolution with a minimal number of active components. A particle swarm optimisation algorithm has been employed in order to maximise the phase state separation whilst minimising reflection loss and unit cell periodicity. Simulations are performed with extracted PIN diode and capacitor Sparameters for a realistic estimation of the fabricated device performance, with a resulting simulated average reflection loss of 1 dB and equivalent phase resolution of 2.75-bits. |
13,483 | Please write an abstract with title: Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Structures for Integrated Photonics, and key words: Fiber gratings, Metamaterials, Silicon, Optical fiber communication, System-on-chip, Sensors, Optical fiber filters. Abstract: We report on our advances on the use of subwavelength metamaterials for silicon photonic devices, including narrowband filters, antennas, polarization handling, on-chip beam forming and sensing. |
13,484 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Thermal Hydraulic Parameters of AP-1000 and VVER-1200 Nuclear Reactor for Turbine Trip Concurrent with Anticipated Transient Without SCRAM (ATWS), and key words: Analytical models, Temperature, Object oriented modeling, Tools, Safety, Thermal analysis, Steady-state. Abstract: Generation III+ type nuclear reactors have highly reliable active and passive safety systems with some inherent safety characteristics for attaining proper operating conditions, preventing any chance of accidents, or minimizing after-effects if any accident occurs to ensure that workers, the public and the environment are safe from undue radiation hazards. In this paper, Simulations of turbine trip along with Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS) of AP-1000 and VVER-1200 reactors are analyzed to clarify their characteristics and compare their thermal-hydraulics parameters. To simulate the transient responses for the combination of malfunctions Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTRAN) has been used. The results are showing all important parameters including pressure, temperature and void fraction of the Reactor Coolant System (RCS), water level and pressure of the pressurizer, Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR), are found to be within the safety limit for both AP-1000 and VVER-1200 reactor. Thus, the results are in good agreement with the Primary Safety Analysis Safety report (PSAR) for both reactors. |
13,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Operating regimes of GaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor ring lasers: experiment and model, and key words: Laser modes, Ring lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Laser theory, Waveguide lasers, Gas lasers, Scattering parameters, Semiconductor waveguides, Waveguide theory, Frequency. Abstract: Theory and experiments of single-mode ridge waveguide GaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor ring lasers are presented. The lasers are found to operate bidirectionally up to twice the threshold, where unidirectional operation starts. Bidirectional operation reveals that just above threshold, the lasers operate in a regime where the two counterpropagating modes are continuous wave. As the injected current is increased, a new regime appears where the intensities of the two counterpropagating modes undergo alternate sinusoidal oscillations with frequency in the tens of megahertz range. The regime with alternate oscillations was previously observed in ring lasers of the gas and dye type, and it is here reported and investigated in semiconductor ring lasers. A theoretical model based on a mean field approach for the two counterpropagating modes is proposed to study the semiconductor ring laser dynamics. Numerical results are in agreement with the regime sequence experimentally observed when the injected current is increased (i.e., bidirectional continuous-wave, bidirectional with alternate oscillations, unidirectional). The boundaries of the different regimes are studied as a function of the relevant parameters, which turn out to be the pump current and the conservative and dissipative scattering coefficients, responsible for an explicit linear coupling between the two counterpropagating field modes. By a fitting procedure, we obtain good numerical agreement between experiment and theory, and also an estimation for the otherwise unknown scattering parameters. |
13,486 | Please write an abstract with title: SLIM: Self-Supervised LiDAR Scene Flow and Motion Segmentation, and key words: Training, Point cloud compression, Computer vision, Laser radar, Three-dimensional displays, Motion segmentation, Performance gain. Abstract: Recently, several frameworks for self-supervised learning of 3D scene flow on point clouds have emerged. Scene flow inherently separates every scene into multiple moving agents and a large class of points following a single rigid sensor motion. However, existing methods do not leverage this property of the data in their self-supervised training routines which could improve and stabilize flow predictions. Based on the discrepancy between a robust rigid egomotion estimate and a raw flow prediction, we generate a self-supervised motion segmentation signal. The predicted motion segmentation, in turn, is used by our algorithm to attend to stationary points for aggregation of motion information in static parts of the scene. We learn our model end-to-end by backpropagating gradients through Kabsch’s algorithm and demonstrate that this leads to accurate egomotion which in turn improves the scene flow estimate. Using our method, we show state-of-the-art results across multiple scene flow metrics for different real-world datasets, showcasing the robustness and generalizability of this approach. We further analyze the performance gain when performing joint motion segmentation and scene flow in an ablation study. We also present a novel network architecture for 3D LiDAR scene flow which is capable of handling an order of magnitude more points during training than previously possible. |
13,487 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolution of hierarchical neural networks for time-dependent cognitive processes: key recognition for musical compositions, and key words: Neural networks, Neurons, Network topology, Biological neural networks, Transfer functions, Humans, Computer networks, Educational institutions, Genetics, Natural languages. Abstract: This paper presents the results of using the GENDALC GANN system to evolve neural network topologies for music perception. The results obtained are not only better than those for other typically used neural network topologies, but also better than for neural networks that incorporate music theory knowledge. Because the data and task used in these experiments include hierarchical time dependent processing, these results demonstrate GENDALC's ability to evolve good solutions for cognitive tasks, even while using approaches potentially different from those used by humans. |
13,488 | Please write an abstract with title: Hypergraph-Based Resource Allocation for Ultra-Dense Wireless Network in Industrial IoT, and key words: Interference, Industrial Internet of Things, Resource management, NOMA, Wireless networks, Quality of service, Femtocells. Abstract: As next generation wireless communication and smart manufacturing evolve, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged. Due to the advantage in coverage and improved capacity of cellular networks, femtocells are densely deployed in macrocell of cellular networks contributing to Ultra-dense Wireless Network (UDWN). Nevertheless, it is faced with the challenge of how to reduce interference to improve spectrum efficiency and system performance for Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in IIoT. To this end, we identify and formulate the channel resource allocation issue as a sum-rate maximization problem under the guarantee of Quality of Service (QoS) and fairness. To solve the problem, we first construct a hypergraph by considering interference relationships. Thereafter, we convert the original problem into a maximum weighted clique set problem in hypergraph theory, based on which a heuristic resource allocation algorithm is proposed. Moreover, we analyse the property of the proposed algorithm and its complexity. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms graph-based algorithm and other hypergraph-based algorithm in improving the system throughput. |
13,489 | Please write an abstract with title: Pareto Efficient Incentive-Based Real-Time Pricing Model for Balanced Smart Grids, and key words: Costs, Pricing, Games, Smart grids, Schedules, Load modeling, Real-time systems. Abstract: In this study, a Pareto efficient incentive-based real-time pricing model was designed for balanced energy consumption scheduling (ECS) in a smart grid. In this model, the energy consumption of each subscriber is monitored and updated in real-time by an individual smart meter, and a cost-effective ECS is determined. The most recent research has not considered a balanced distribution of costs and profits to the participants. In general, there is a trade-off between service providers and subscribers. A service provider tries to maximize its profit, and a subscriber tends to minimize its cost. Therefore, the well-adjusted cost and profit distribution of a service provider and subscribers is considered by controlling the incentive degree in a Stackelberg game. The multiobjective genetic algorithm is applied to show the Pareto efficient solutions of a service provider and subscribers. Furthermore, welfare is introduced as the third objective in proposing a practical solution. It is used to select one of the multiple Pareto efficient solutions. Our model decreases subscriber costs by 9.1% and the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) by 33.2%, on average, compared with non-scheduling. The model also reduces the PAR by 11.3% and increases the provider’s profit by 34.9% and total welfare by 60.0%, on average, compared with day-ahead scheduling. |
13,490 | Please write an abstract with title: A dual-Vt layout approach for statistical leakage variability minimization in nanometer CMOS, and key words: Delay, Energy consumption, CMOS technology, Minimization, Wire, Power dissipation, CMOS process, Circuit simulation, Power generation, Threshold voltage. Abstract: Process parameter variations cause large changes in the delay and the leakage power consumption of scaled nanometer CMOS circuits. In this paper, the problem of leakage power variation minimization in the presence of spatially correlated across-die process variations is addressed. It is shown that with minimal impact on delay, the placement of low-Vt gates in a layout can be performed in such a way to maximize the yield for a specified leakage power upper bound. For the obtained placement of low Vt gates, the layout can then be optimized for other important criteria such as wire length. Simulation of across-die variations for ISCAS benchmarks is performed and guidelines for distributing the low-Vt gates across the die are developed. |
13,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Outage Analysis of Millimeter Wave Assisted Full-Duplex Cooperative D2D communications System with Non-orthogonal Multiple Access, and key words: NOMA, Closed-form solutions, Silicon carbide, Probability, Device-to-device communication, Power system reliability, Uplink. Abstract: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) assisted device-to-device (D2D) communications system has evolved as a promising technology for the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks. The demand for ultra-high data rate and increased spectral efficiency has been an impetus for leveraging the benefits of mmWave assisted D2D communications. Hence, the integration of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and full-duplex (FD) communications with mmWave assisted D2D communications has become an essential part of 5G and beyond cellular networks to support the high capacity demand of emerging technologies. This paper proposes a mmWave assisted FD cooperative D2D (C-D2D) system utilizing the properties of NOMA, wherein a D2D transmitter (DT) acts as an FD relay which decodes the cellular uplink transmission and forwards the superimposed signal consisting of cellular as well as D2D user’s data to D2D receiver (DR) and the base station (BS). The decoding of respective signals at the BS and DR is done utilizing the successive interference cancellation (SIC) property of NOMA. We have considered that each node is equipped with directional antennas capable of beamforming. Closed-form expressions of cellular and D2D outage probabilities have been derived and verified with the help of simulations. Results show the variation of cellular and D2D outage probabilities with respect to the various transmission distances and the power splitting factor (α), and an optimum value of α has been shown. |
13,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Abnormal Condition Detection System based on Sensing / Analysis of Snow Removal Operations, and key words: Snow, Conferences, Area measurement, Transportation, Cameras, Sensors, Automobiles. Abstract: Snow removal operations by snowplows play an important role for securing social activities and transportation of local residents in snowy and cold regions in Japan. However, there are situations where the operation must be suspended due to the heavy traffic of cars and pedestrians even at night. In order to improve the efficiency of the snow removal operations, it is necessary to take measures by identifying the areas where such situations are likely to occur. Therefore, in our study, we propose a new system which detects occurrence of the condition where the snow removal operation changes to the abnormal state. The proposed system uses several cameras to observe the motion of the operator to steer the snowplow. In addition, we propose a method to identify the date, time, and location that the motions of the snow removal operations are much different from the usual ones by analyzing the time-series data of the motion to steer. In our study, the proposed system is deployed in the snowplow managed by Hakuba Village of Nagano Prefecture, Japan to observe the maneuvering behavior of the snow removal operator and we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for estimating abnormal conditions during snow removal operations. |
13,493 | Please write an abstract with title: An aspect oriented framework for scientific component development, and key words: Runtime, Parallel programming, Distributed computing, Java, Application software, Component architectures, Weaving, High performance computing, Connectors, Layout. Abstract: Aspect-oriented programming enables developers to capture in separated aspect modules concerns that are spread over different components in a system. This paper is an attempt to apply this paradigm to high performance computing. Besides achieving the usual advantages of improved modularity, more reusable code that is easier to develop and maintain, we pursue to improve efficiency by means of dynamic changes of aspects at runtime. We present an aspect-oriented framework where scientific components and aspects are first-order entities (components) which interaction is established by means of what we have called aspect connectors. As an example, we focus on the communication aspect, which encapsulates the communication scheme among the set of components that set up a system. The expressiveness and suitability of the approach are shown by means of an application example. |
13,494 | Please write an abstract with title: Security performance, and key words: Application software, Cryptography, Computer security, Electronic mail, Costs, Scalability, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Cryptographic protocols, System performance. Abstract: Several protocols and mechanisms aims to enforce the various dimensions of security in applications ranging from e-mail to e-commerce transactions. Most use encryption as a basic component. Adding such mechanisms and procedures to applications and systems does not come cheaply, however. Security is intrusive and increases the total cost of computer-system ownership. He also indicates that security is about trade-offs, rather than absolutes, and that we should strive for good-enough security, not for more security than necessary. This thought underlies the following description of some security trade-offs in the areas of performance and scalability. My analysis is quantitative in nature and aims to illustrate the effect of using a specific security protocol or set of cryptographic algorithms on a computer system's performance. |
13,495 | Please write an abstract with title: Grasping with Embedded Synergies through a Reconfigurable Electric Actuation Topology, and key words: Service robots, Force, Grasping, Kinematics, Hardware, Topology, Power systems. Abstract: Kinematic and force synergies can be used to reduce the complexity and dimensionality of the motion generation and control problem, as well as facilitate the mechanical implementation of robotic hands. In this paper we present a novel implementation of hardware synergies realized on the actuation level by leveraging a novel reconfigurable electric actuation topology principle. The proposed electric actuation topology enables different actuation synergies by changing the interconnections among the actuators at the electrical/motor driver level. We describe the synergies and their implementation in a port-based context, and elaborate how equivalent hard and soft synergies emerge from the electric power flow within different actuation topologies. We realize the reconfigurable electric actuation topology scheme in the HERI III hand, a novel robust and powerful robotic gripper, also introduced in this paper, resulting in easy to control behaviours like on industrial grippers or underactuated hands, but with the high grasping versatility of fully actuated hands. Finally we present grasping experiments performed on the HERI III hand that clearly show the desired behaviours and validate the innovative proposed scheme. |
13,496 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient hardware-based fault diagnosis scheme for AES: performances and cost, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Costs, Hardware, Cryptography, Fault detection, Throughput, Delay, Scheduling, Computer architecture, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Since standardization in 2001, the Advanced Encryption Standard has been the subject of many research efforts, aimed at developing efficient hardware implementations with reduced area and latency. So far, reliability has not been considered a primary objective. Recently, several error detecting schemes have been proposed in order to provide some defense against hardware faults in AES. The benefits of such schemes are twofold: avoiding wrong outputs when benign hardware faults occur, and preventing the collection of information about the secret key through malicious injection of faults. In this paper, we present a complete scheme for parity-based fault detection in a hardware implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard which includes a key schedule unit. We also provide a preliminary evaluation of the hardware and latency overhead of the proposed scheme. |
13,497 | Please write an abstract with title: Regression analysis and automorphic orbits in free groups of rank 2, and key words: Regression analysis, Orbits, Pattern recognition, Abstract algebra, Computer science, Linear regression, Statistical analysis, Topology. Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to show that pattern recognition techniques can be successfully used in abstract algebra. We introduce a pattern recognition system to recognize words of minimal length in their automorphic orbits in free groups of rank 2. This system is based on linear regression and does not use any particular results from group theory. The corresponding classifier is very fast and surprisingly accurate. |
13,498 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) in Coal Mine Electronic Products Testing Laboratory, and key words: Costs, Instruments, Laboratories, Process control, Recording, Information management, Coal mining. Abstract: Based on the new requirements of scientific research experiments and the need of informatization and paperless management, a laboratory management system (LIMS) suitable for coal mine electronic product testing is constructed [1], The system includes many functions such as business acceptance, sample management, transaction management, experimental data management, laboratory resource management, network management and report management, which effectively improves the operating efficiency, management level and work efficiency of laboratories and effectively reduces the operating and management costs of enterprises. |
13,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic Analysis of A Grid-Connected Solar Power Plant in Batman Province and Investigation of Power Quality, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Renewable energy sources, Temperature distribution, Filtering, Power quality, Distribution networks. Abstract: Fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy sources cannot meet the rapidly increasing consumption needs of human beings because they are not in a sustainable structure and are only found at certain points in the world. The reduction in the reserves of fossil fuels, the limitations in energy production with traditional methods and the damages caused by fossil fuels to the environment are making a rapid trend towards renewable energy and increasing the importance of economical, environmentally friendly energy sources that can be found in nature, day by day. Solar energy is among the sustainable and renewable energy sources that have become an important and inevitable part of our lives today. Sustainability, which is the most important feature of this environmentally friendly energy source, which helps to reduce fossil fuel consumption and has no limits, provides a great advantage in meeting many different needs. Connecting the systems of renewable energy sources to the distribution network is important in terms of security, power quality and management. One of the most important problems in connecting grid-connected solar power plants to the grid is the harmonics arising from the system. The resulting harmonics have adverse effects on the power quality of the grid. In this study, a grid-connected solar power plant in Batman province; The harmonic effects created by a power quality device integrated into the network, its effect on the distribution network and power quality are investigated. |
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