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13,600 | Please write an abstract with title: MSNet: A Multiple Supervision Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification, and key words: Training, Remote sensing, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction, Gallium nitride, Visualization, Information science. Abstract: Remote sensing scene classification is a complex task due to large intraclass variations in object appearances with a small number of samples per class and high interclass similarities due to shared objects in different classes, which usually cause model overfitting and high interclass confusion. To address these challenges, a multiple supervision approach, called multiple supervision network (MSNet), consisting of the ResNet-50 backbone, a feature discriminative branch (FDB), and a feature confusion branch (FCB) is proposed in this letter. The FDB selects discriminative features per class and suppresses peaks in feature maps to examine more informative regions with lower feature magnitudes. Meanwhile, the FCB reduces overfitting by introducing confusion to the input of a fully connected layer which also enhances the robust features. The FDB and FCB are only used in training of the backbone and not used in inference. Thus, the proposed method does not introduce additional computing time on the backbone while it significantly boosts its performance in scene classification. The experimental results show that MSNet outperforms the methods considered in this letter. |
13,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility study of using ultrasonic transducer border waves for centering hydrophones in ultrasonic field characterization: a theoretical and experimental approach, and key words: Ultrasonic transducers, Sonar equipment, Pistons, Acoustic transducers, Ultrasonic imaging, Biomedical measurements, Biomedical imaging, Boundary conditions, Acoustic emission, Acoustic waves. Abstract: During ultrasound field characterization, it is necessary to center a hydrophone. This paper presents a new proposal to center it by using transducer border waves. First, changes in border wave amplitude had been computed by using the impulse response method and considering the transducer as a rigid planar baffle. Then, changes in border wave amplitude have been measured experimentally. Agreement between experimental and calculated results demonstrates that changes in border wave amplitude can be used to center the hydrophone. It has been observed that border wave amplitude reaches its maximum when the hydrophone is centered, and that these amplitude changes are very sensitive to position. |
13,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Circular Polarized Triple Band Micro-strip Patch Antenna for S-C- X Band Communication, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless LAN, Satellite antennas, Slot antennas, Satellites, C-band, Shape. Abstract: Triple Band Micro-Strip Patch Antenna fabricated and designed for S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band Communication. Slot cutting techniques are used in patch to improve impedance matching. T shapes, F shape, and Inverted L-Slot has been designing on the patch. The designed antenna is highly circular and polarized across three bands. Symmetrical T-Slot is used to improve the bandwidth. The dimensions of the designed antenna are 2.7 * 2.7 cm2. Three notches are generated at 2.5GHz, 7.2GHz, and 10.8GHz where the value of return losses is less than −10dB, the three operating bands are S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band where impedance and axial ration bandwidth improve simultaneously. The antenna is fabricated and tested experimentally and achieved an agreement with simulated results. |
13,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Localization Performance of Robot Using Obstacle Recognition and Probability Model through Image Processing, and key words: Robots, Sensors, Particle measurements, Atmospheric measurements, Particle filters, Sports, Cameras. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an effective localization method with only a stereo camera that has obstacles using particle filter. When localization with flow planning rather than robot scanned map, the error of localization increases when there is an obstacle. To solve this problem, First, we propose two types of obstacle recognition method: "Image Split Obstacle" and "Obstacle In Image" through image processing using the Opencv contour function. Afterwards, we solve the problems caused by the particle filter weight calculation process through a new sensing model using interval angle. In addition, we propose two probability models that can solve the problem of inconsistency between the number of landmarks of robots and particles. After that, we suggest an effective robot localization method by presenting a probability model that considers obstacles. As a result, the probability model considering obstacles showed an error rate reduction of about 45% compared to the existing model that does not considering obstacles. |
13,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantifying nanoscale electromagnetic fields in multi-THz nanoscopy, and key words: Visualization, Microscopy, Scattering, Nanoscale devices, Electromagnetic fields, Demodulation. Abstract: We introduce a novel Fourier demodulation analysis to numerically simulate a realistic near-field microscopy scenario. The new concept allows us to access the experimentally elusive, nanoscale distributions of the demodulated electromagnetic fields in multi-THz nanoscopy. We quantify the achievable lateral resolution as well as the probing volume inside the sample and visualize the scattering process into the far field. |
13,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Using digital libraries to build educational communities: the ChemCollective, and key words: Software libraries, Chemistry, Computer science education, Computer aided instruction, Chemical technology, Target tracking, Springs, Collaborative work, Human factors, Tagging. Abstract: The ChemCollective is a new project in the targeted research track of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL). The project (http://www.chemcollective.org) was launched in spring 2004 at the National American Chemical Society (ACS) and National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) meetings. The research goal is to explore the degree to which digital library structures can attract and support a community of educators working towards a common vision of educational reform. |
13,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine learning based cryptanalysis techniques: perspectives, challenges and future directions, and key words: Machine learning, Deep learning, Neural networks, Quantum computing, Cyberattack, Cryptography. Abstract: The field of cryptanalysis has lately witnessed considerable advancement due to the need for artificial intelligence technologies to simplify the complicated task of vulnerability assessments for cryptographic algorithms. The use of well-known tools such as machine learning and deep learning has piqued the interest of researchers and experts in the field because it has supported research work in discovering great knowledge on the strong and weak points of cryptographic techniques while ushering in the era of automated and AI-driven cryptanalysis.Despite the positive solutions obtained through using DL in the realm of cryptanalysis, it is not without drawbacks. This paper emphasizes the issues encountered when using ML and DL in cryptanalysis as well as new paths of DL with the advent of the quantum neural network approach, which can provide better answers and hence the relevant state of the art. |
13,607 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Kalman Filter based Digital Phase Detector for All Digital Phase-Locked Loop, and key words: Wireless communication, Adaptation models, Detectors, Stability analysis, Mathematical model, Kalman filters, Phase locked loops. Abstract: This work proposes an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) based digital phase detector that compresses the phase detector's (PD) output noise in all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL). The ADPLL is modeled mathematically and the noise sources are extracted. An AKF is designed based on the ADPLL model and is inserted after the PD to optimize its output noise. This AKF takes the advantage of the statistical properties of the noise and adapt its parameter to make itself an optimal filter. Simulation is done in MATLAB and the result reveals the correctness and stability of the design. The PD gets a 16.9 dB noise power decrease in the simulation. |
13,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of the Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent of Thallium Mixed Halide Crystals KRS-5 and KRS-6 at 95GHz, and key words: Dielectric constant, Waveguide theory, Velocity measurement, Planar waveguides, Phase measurement, Lattices, Frequency measurement. Abstract: We report mesurements of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of KRS-5 and KRS-6 at 95GHz. We describe the sample preparation and the waveguide techniques used, and compare our results with values available in the literature (at other frequencies) and a simple theoretical model. |
13,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Block-Wise Image Compression Using Major and Minor Diagonal Pixels, and key words: Image quality, Technological innovation, Image coding, Transform coding, Bandwidth, Delays, Complexity theory. Abstract: The important role played by the data compression is in reducing the storage space required, and ensuring bandwidth utilization in efficient manner and low transmission delays. Image compression is also a part of data compression. Images contain important data that is to be transmitted or stored. The compression must not degrade the quality of the image, and should be acceptable. This paper presents simple, low complexity image compression algorithm. Algorithm scans the image in a raster san manner in terms of 4X4 blocks. Compression is achieved by the diagonally situated pixels and indices their surrounding pixels of the block. The mages produced by proposed algorithm are high fidelity images at low PSNR values. The results are comparable with standard algorithm results. The reconstructed image quality is better than JPEG images at same PSNR. |
13,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Small Resonant Scatterers and Their Use for Field Measurements, and key words: Scattering, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic resonance, Electric variables measurement, Magnetic modulators, Microwave theory and techniques, Diodes, Magnetic moments, Transmission line measurements, Tuning. Abstract: A general formulation for the back-scattered field from loaded objects is given. It is shown that small resonant objects produce a much greater back-scattered field than small nonresonant ones. The theory is applied to short dipoles and small loops. The use of small resonant scatterers to measure electric and magnetic fields by scattering techniques is discussed. Resonant scatterers are found to have several advantages over nonresonant scatterers when used for field measurements. |
13,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive regulation of the flying height in hard disk drives, and key words: Hard disks, Industrial engineering, Springs, Damping, Memory, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Feedback control, Time varying systems, Programmable control. Abstract: The increase in data storage density in hard disk drives is critically dependent on maintaining a small flying height of the read/write head above the disk surface. Disk and suspension vibrations as well as disk surface microwaviness make it difficult to maintain a desired flying height during normal disk operation. It is proposed in this paper to use an adaptive regulation approach to maintain the flying height at its desired value, despite the unknown vibrations and the unknown microwaviness in the disk surface profile. The performance of the proposed approach is analyzed and simulation results are presented to illustrate the capability of the proposed adaptive regulation approach to achieve and maintain the desired flying height |
13,612 | Please write an abstract with title: An Analysis on the Characteristics and Challenges of Global Satellite Internet Development, and key words: Industries, Computers, Satellite constellations, Analytical models, Satellites, Computational modeling, Low earth orbit satellites. Abstract: As a clear tendency of increasing application requirements and evolving satellite technology, a worldwide disseminated technology is becoming more and more popular, that is low-earth-orbit satellite constellation. This report is intended to analyze the construction characteristics of major satellite internet systems, the industry characteristic model, policy support, future risks and challenges to provide a reference for future development. |
13,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Piezo Effect of Collagen Layer with Rochelle Salt Nanocrystals, and key words: Nanocrystals, Piezoelectric materials, Aggregates, Crystals, Nonhomogeneous media, Ceramics. Abstract: A piezo layer from Collagen was deposited by electrophoresis for bio-electronics needs. Natural piezo materials are characterized with low piezo module. The value of the piezo module is increased by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of Rochelle Salt/Collagen. The resulting layer consists of a Rochelle Salt nanocrystalline sublayer and inhomogeneously distributed Collagen aggregates on it. This layer has a high piezo response comparable to inorganic piezo materials. |
13,614 | Please write an abstract with title: CNN and LSTM based Data-driven Cyberattack Detection for Grid-connected PV Inverter, and key words: Renewable energy sources, System performance, Time series analysis, Electric variables measurement, Inverters, Mathematical models, Delays. Abstract: Growing penetration of renewables comes with increased cyber security threat due to inherent low inertia characteristic and sophisticated control and communication networks of power electronics. This paper proposes a data-driven cyberattack detection strategy for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Ideas of long short term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) as the core of detection achieve time series classification to diagnose the target and mode of cyberattack. Input de-redundancy and hyperparameter selection are conducted to optimize the detection. Meanwhile, well-designed cyberattack toolboxes of false data injection (FDI), denial-of-service (DoS) and delay are applied upon the communication of both sampled signals and issued commands in a grid-connected inverter model. By observing system performance via electrical measurements, this case study evaluates the LSTM, CNN-LSTM and convolutional LSTM based detection and obtains stable high quality of classification. |
13,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Crystal-based coincidence timing calibration for PET scanner, and key words: Timing, Calibration, Positron emission tomography, Crystals, Circuits, Sensor arrays, Detectors, Photomultipliers, Event detection, Anodes. Abstract: A crystal-based timing calibration method is implemented and investigated on a GE PET scanner. This method first calculates block-level adjustments using a commercially available algorithm, and then, based on the calculated block-level adjustments, derives the crystal-level adjustments needed within each block. Concurrently with the time difference acquisition for block-pair adjustment, the time differences are also accumulated for all the crystals within each block. The crystal averages are calculated from the accumulated crystal time differences and represent the time differences among these crystals. The crystal-based adjustments are set to correct for both block time differences and crystal variations. A method to minimize the discrepancy in averaged correction for a block before and after discretization of the desired crystal adjustments is proposed. The performance of this crystal-based timing adjustment method is also presented. |
13,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-based Crowdsourcing Task Management and Solution Verification Method, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Scientific computing, Prototypes, Resists, Quality control, Reliability theory, Reliability engineering. Abstract: Crowdsourcing relies on Internet-wide capability to solve the complicated or large-scale tasks that are difficult to accomplish separately by individuals. However, traditional centralized crowdsourcing systems highly depend on the centralized coordination server to operate, making it extremely vulnerable to the single-point bottleneck and failure. And the whole system lacks verifiable trustworthiness among the participants. This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework for the distributed crowdsourcing without relying solely on any single trusted entity. The solutions for the outsourced tasks are verified with consensus among the participants with a reputation mechanism. We prove by theoretical security analysis that the proposed scheme resists malicious attacks better comparing to other typical crowdsourcing schemes. A prototype system is implemented based on Ethereum to demonstrate the overhead performance in various aspects. Theoretical and experimental evaluations show that the proposed scheme possesses reliability, security, quality, and feasibility. |
13,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Probability of error and capacity of multipolarization antenna systems for downlink mobile communications, and key words: Capacity planning, Mobile antennas, Downlink, Mobile communication, Channel capacity, Polarization, Scattering, Fresnel reflection, Base stations, Directive antennas. Abstract: A theoretical channel model is proposed to study the probability of error and channel capacity of multipolarization antenna systems for downlink mobile communications. The effect of scattering on polarization is first studied based on Fresnel reflection law. Expressions for correlation between antennas at both sides are derived for different polarizations. To simplify the analysis, it is assumed that there is only a single reflection and the path angular spread at the base station is approximately zero. Next, the probability of error and channel capacity are studied numerically for different antenna configurations. The impact of scattering environment on performance is also investigated. It is found that when a three-branch orthogonal structure is used for diversity at the mobile station, the error probability is invariant to receiver orientations, and the improvement is insignificant for more receive antennas. At the base station, both probability of error and channel capacity are substantially improved by using two transmit antennas that produce orthogonal polarizations in the direction of the mobile station, and the performance is invariant to rotations of the two transmit antennas. In addition, for almost all configurations, the performance becomes better in general for larger angular spread of reflectors. |
13,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Design optimization study of the JT-60 superconducting coil modification, and key words: Design optimization, Superconducting coils, Conductors, Copper, Tokamaks, Superconducting magnets, Plasma devices, Niobium, Plasma diagnostics, Water heating. Abstract: Design optimization of the full superconducting coil tokamak JT-60SC is described. Geometries of both toroidal and poloidal field coils have been changed to allow a lower aspect ratio plasma up to A /spl sim/ 2.8. However, the toroidal magnetic field and flux swing capability are kept as close as possible to the original values to sustain a long flattop period under the break-even class plasma condition using the newly-developed superconducting conductors. |
13,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Dynamic Spectrum Allocation for URLLC and eMBB in 6 G Networks, and key words: 6 G, URLLC and eMBB, spectrum resource allocation, clustering, graph coloring. Abstract: 6 G is a further evolution and development of 5 G to meet the need of various emerging applications of multifarious user equipment (UE). Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) are two typical application scenarios in 5 G, which will also be the primary service types of 6 G. Therefore, how to jointly schedule the URLLC and eMBB UEs in the 6 G network, especially in the spectrum allocation process, to increase the system throughput while the reliability and delay requirement of URLLC UEs are guaranteed, is worth studying. In this paper, we construct a double-cycle dynamic spectrum allocation model joint URLLC and eMBB, where URLLC and eMBB UEs adopt different scheduling cycles. Road side units (RSUs) are clustered based on the Many-to-Many Matching (MTM-M) algorithm to establish the channel conditions. Then, we carry out the dynamic spectrum resource allocation based on the Advanced K-Granularity Coloring (AKGC) algorithm. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the dynamic spectrum resource strategy proposed in this work for the enhancement of throughput and the reduction of latency, which significantly improves the quality of experience (QoE). |
13,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverse Multislice Ptychography by Layer-Wise Optimisation and Sparse Matrix Decomposition, and key words: Probes, Image reconstruction, Diffraction, Scattering, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: We propose algorithms based on an optimisation method for inverse multislice ptychography in, e.g. electron microscopy. The multislice method is widely used to model the interaction between relativistic electrons and thick specimens. Since only the intensity of diffraction patterns can be recorded, the challenge in applying inverse multislice ptychography is to uniquely reconstruct the electrostatic potential in each slice up to some ambiguities. In this conceptual study, we show that a unique separation of atomic layers for simulated data is possible when considering a low acceleration voltage. We also introduce an adaptation for estimating the illuminating probe. For the sake of practical application, we finally present slice reconstructions using experimental 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data. |
13,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Appearance-Motion Normality for Video Anomaly Detection, and key words: Degradation, Computer vision, Correlation, Streaming media, Feature extraction, Adversarial machine learning, Task analysis. Abstract: Video anomaly detection is a challenging task in the Computer vision community. Most single task-based methods do not consider the independence of unique spatial and temporal patterns, while two-stream structures lack the exploration of the correlations. In this paper, we propose spatial-temporal memories augmented two-stream auto-encoder framework, which learns the appearance normality and motion normal-ity independently and explores the correlations via adversar-ial learning. Specifically, we first design two proxy tasks to train the two-stream structure to extract appearance and motion features in isolation. Then, the prototypical features are recorded in the corresponding spatial and temporal memory pools. Finally, the encoding-decoding network performs ad-versariallearning with the discriminator to explore the corre-lations between spatial and temporal patterns. Experimental results show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, achieving AUCs of 98.1% and 89.8% on UCSD Ped2 and CUHK Avenue datasets. |
13,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating 3D Printed VR Controller Prototypes to Increase VR Accessibility for Older Adults, and key words: Training, Printing, Three-dimensional displays, Layout, Sociology, Prototypes, Virtual environments. Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) is transforming how technology benefits society, including the areas of training, socialization, and entertainment. While VR’s growth has been substantial, VR hardware and applications are inaccessible in many ways, excluding a large population from experiencing its benefits. Current VR controllers potentially create an accessibility barrier for older adults who may experience confusion with the complexity of buttons, triggers, and joysticks. In the presented work, we recruited ten older adult participants to develop and evaluate 3D printed VR controller prototypes for usability and learnability. A series of participatory design focus groups discussed participants’ needs, opinions, and design preferences, while usability scales evaluated the prototypes. Iterations were implemented between sessions based on this feedback to further refine the designs. Findings suggest that a simplified VR controller layout can decrease confusion and increase learnability, potentially improving older adults’ ability to interact with virtual environments. |
13,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Grain and Seed Oil Production in Ukraine Prior to Recent Russian Invasion, and key words: Analytical models, Oils, Linear regression, Production, Predictive models, Big Data, Data models. Abstract: The invasion by Russia could affect Ukraine’s ability to keep its status quo as one of the most prominent grains and seed oil producers and exporters in the world as of the year 2022. This paper analyzes the data on Ukraine’s grain and seed oil production since 1987 and aims to identify and utilize the most suitable machine learning model to predict the production level of grain or seed oil in Ukraine. Three linear models (Multivariable Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression) and three non-linear models (Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest Regression and k-Nearest Neighbors Regression) were implemented during this study. Due to the small sample size, over-fitting was observed in the non-linear models. The results suggest that Lasso Regression model is best-suited for use as a tool to predict the amount of production in a year for a certain commodity. |
13,624 | Please write an abstract with title: DNAr-Analog: A Library With a Multiplexer to Easily Design, Program, and Simulate Dsd Analog Circuits, and key words: Circuit design, DSD analog circuits, DNA strand displacement, molecular computing, nanocomputing. Abstract: Programmable molecular devices are an opportunity to develop applications in biological systems, a universe still hard to access by other conventional technologies. The DNA strand displacement (DSD) mechanism offers a way to design circuits by manipulating DNA fragments. Recent works in this area highlight analog gate/unit design. Here we propose the DNAr-analog library, a set of analog gates/units concentrated on a single platform. We aim to implement large DNA circuits in a more flexible, modular, extensible, and productive way. In addition, we also propose an analog multiplexer unit and present the simulation of two circuit examples in DNAr. They feature dozens of chemical reactions converted quickly by the simulator into hundreds of DSD reactions. The advantage is that it does not need to be manually specified. We hope this facilitates the initial design of complex DNA circuits and systems. |
13,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Wanderlust: 3D Impressionism in Human Journeys, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Art, Tracking, Buildings, Data visualization, Mobile handsets. Abstract: The movements of individuals are fundamental to building and maintaining social connections. This pictorial presents Wanderlust, an experimental three-dimensional (3D) data visualization on the universal visitation pattern revealed from large-scale mobile phone tracking data. It explores ways of visualizing recurrent flows and the attractive places they implied. Inspired by the 19th-century art movement Impressionism, we develop a multi-layered effect, an ‘impression’, of mountains emerging from consolidated flows, to capture the essence of human journeys and urban spatial structure. |
13,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Microdevice components for a cellular microsurgery suite, and key words: Microsurgery, Surgery, Nerve fibers, Assembly, Micromechanical devices, Electrodes, Workstations, Silicon, Prototypes, Neurosurgery. Abstract: We describe microfabricated tools that will enable cellular microsurgery for direct repair of injured nerves leading to restoration of function. Our proposed neural repair strategy uses a suite of novel microfabricated tools to cut, manipulate, align and then reconnect individual axons (nerve cell processes) with micron-scale precision. Each of these functions has been individually demonstrated using prototype devices. Additionally, we have developed assembly techniques to integrate the required tools onto a single, 3D multifunctional MEMS platform, designed to facilitate the semi-autonomous execution of all of the required surgical functions in proper sequences. |
13,627 | Please write an abstract with title: On LSTM Autoencoder-Based Hybrid Precoding for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Multiuser Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO 6G Systems, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Wireless communication, Training, Graphical models, Precoding, Millimeter wave technology, Computer architecture. Abstract: The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication networks are anticipated to combine terrestrial, aerial, and marine communications into a dependable, fast network that could handle many devices with ultra-low latency requirements. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication systems could increase wireless link quality by providing passive beamforming gain via low-cost reflecting components. On the other hand, the power consumption and cost could be reduced much by applying a hybrid precoding architecture, which combines digital and analog precoding modules. However, using RIS to solve the problem of hybrid precoding is difficult because how to Figure out reflecting coefficients without beam training overhead or large channel estimation is a challenging issue. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid precoding architecture based on geometric mean decomposition (GMD) and jointly consider the design of the Long ShortTerm Memory (LSTM) autoencoder scheme. That is, we adopt GMD for diminishing the computational complexity and enhancing the hybrid precoding performance. Since the encoder-decoder design of autoencoder serves as a dimensionality reduction strategy, the LSTM autoencoder are able to capture the temporal and spatial distribution of the sequential data by using the LSTM models sequenhal and feature extraction capabilities. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm could significantly improve the RIS-aided millimeter-wave MIMO communication systems performance compared with previous works. |
13,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Design optimization of high breakdown voltage AlGaN-GaN power HEMT on an insulating substrate for R/sub ON/A-V/sub B/ tradeoff characteristics, and key words: Power MODFETs, Power semiconductor switches, Optimization methods, Aluminum compounds, Gallium compounds. Abstract: High breakdown voltage AlGaN-GaN power high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on an insulating substrate were designed for the power electronics application. The field plate structure was employed for high breakdown voltage. The field plate length, the insulator thickness and AlGaN layer doping concentration were design parameters for the breakdown voltage. The optimization of the contact length and contact resistivity reduction were effective to reduce the specific on-resistance. The tradeoff characteristics between the on-resistance and the breakdown voltage can be improved by the optimization of the above design parameters, and the on-resistance can be estimated to be about 0.6 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ for the breakdown voltage of 600 V. This on-resistance is almost the same as that for the device on a conductive substrate. |
13,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling method of marine diesel generator based on Fuzzy PID control, and key words: PI control, Propulsion, Generators, Regulation, Real-time systems, Power systems, PD control. Abstract: With the continuous development of the ship propulsion system, the traditional PID control is gradually unable to make effective regulation for real-time changes. A Fuzzy PID control method-based modeling method for the ship diesel generator is proposed. The on-line self-tuning PID control coefficient method can improve its speed regulation function to the greatest extent. In this paper, based on the explanation of the working principle of Marine diesel generator and the analysis of Fuzzy PID control method, the ship diesel generator based on Fuzzy PID control is modeled and simulated with the help of Matlab/Simulink. Based on the traditional PID control and Fuzzy PID control in the three typical working conditions (i.e., the propulsion system starting up, suddenly loaded and unloaded, three phase short circuit fault and fault repair), the comparative study of the performance under Fuzzy PID control strategy is found that the overshoot and adjustment time were significantly less than the traditional PID control strategy, expected to ship diesel generating based on Fuzzy PID control. So, it has important reference value for power system of ship propulsion in the future of our country. |
13,630 | Please write an abstract with title: An Overview of Opportunities and Challenges of Edge Computing in Smart Manufacturing, and key words: Technological innovation, 5G mobile communication, Real-time systems, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Information and communication technology, Internet of Things, Reliability. Abstract: Shifting to the Smart Industry or Industry 4.0 is becoming a priority in the field of manufacturing. All aspects of manufacturing have greatly benefited from data, which is the intelligence source. Furthermore, innovation in manufacturing increases agility, improves predictability, and promotes energy efficiency, thus creating a higher quality product and improving customer satisfaction. One of the critical challenges in implementing a smart factory is the wide-range, long-lasting, reliable, and near real-time connectivity. On the other hand, network innovation related to the Fifth generation network (5G) and Edge computing creates never-before-seen business opportunities. This study will focus on the benefits, risks, and challenges regarding integrating Smart Manufacturing and Network innovation. |
13,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of DCP dehazing algorithm through sky segmentation, and key words: Computer science, Image segmentation, Solids, Reliability, Optimization. Abstract: The Dark Channel Prior dehazing algorithm degrades scenes of the sky when attempting to dehaze them, ruining their quality by trying to find a solid scene that isn't present. Due to this, a simple algorithm to identify sky regions is proposed and applied in order to improve its output. The main procedure described in this paper is to replace the original image's sky region into the DCP-processed image. The result is a dehazed image through the DCP algorithm that has a natural looking sky region. |
13,632 | Please write an abstract with title: A Machine Vision-based Fabric Defect Detection Solution for Textile Production Industry Using Object Detection, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Shape, Transfer learning, Production, Object detection, Inspection. Abstract: Along the process of textile industrial production, fabric defect detection is a critical task to ensure the reliable quality of large-scale products. To overcome the setbacks of conventional detections, there are still two crucial issues that need to be addressed. For the first time, a novel Multi-task Cascade R-CNN model based on two-stage detection method is proposed, which elegantly mitigates the large defect shape changing challenges by introducing three well-designed candidate region selection strategies and combining with cascading network to extract various defect information adaptively. As for another challenge led by fabric materials, a promoted-DSSD model on Resnet framework is proposed, which utilizes a new loss estimation and greatly refines the learning rate of unbalanced defect categories in the optimization iteration module. It overcomes the severely sample amount unbalance issue. Experimental results on the datasets collected from real textile production workshop demonstrate the excellent performance of our proposed methods, which not only meet the inspection requirements of real-time but also significantly reduce the missing rate for fabric detection in high-speed production scenarios. |
13,633 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical and ultrasonic monitoring of laser-generated intracellular contrast agents: initial cell culture studies, and key words: Monitoring, Ultrafast optics, Optical microscopy, Electric breakdown, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical pulses, Acoustic signal detection, Stimulated emission, Optical recording, Optical control. Abstract: Acoustically monitored laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) can be used its an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in living cells. With properly controlled laser parameters, optical breakdown is a minimally invasive means to target a single, transient, acoustically detectable contrast agent bubble within a cell without affecting its viability. With different laser parameters, optical breakdown can effectively destroy a target cell. Simultaneous real-time acoustic and optical microscopy can monitor this range of effects. In this study, experiments were performed on a monolayer of cells cultured on a glass coverslip. To initiate and monitor intracellular photodisruption in real time, we have developed a system integrating an ultrafast laser with optical and acoustic microscopy. A regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser produced the breakdown, and a high-frequency (50 MHz) ultrasonic transducer, confocal with the laser, monitored the resultant bubble via continuous pulse-echo recordings. The photodisruption was also observed using optical microscopy, and the viability of each cell was assessed after laser exposure using conventional live/dead staining. By varying laser pulse fluence (from 7 J/cm/sup 2/ to 112 J/cm/sup 2/) as well as the number of applied pulses, a broad range of intracellular effects was studied. When up to 5000 laser pulses were applied at the minimum fluence, a small (1/spl mu/m) transient bubble was generated. Cells targeted in this regime retained viability several hours after laser exposure. In contrast, with even a few laser pulses at high fluence, at large (>6/spl mu/m) stable bubble was induced, and cells were consistently killed in this regime. Geometric targeting within cells can thus generate acoustically detectable microbubbles without introducing exogenous agents. Furthermore, by incorporating biochemical targeting agents, this system can also be used as a powerful tool for minimally invasive molecular diagnostics (e.g. detecting targeted molecular agents without affecting cell viability) and therapy (e.g. by destroying labeled cells without damaging cells in the vicinity). |
13,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Nested Array Using Mixed-Resolution ADCs, and key words: Quantization (signal), Direction-of-arrival estimation, Covariance matrices, Estimation, Sensor arrays, Manifolds, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this letter, an effective method for estimating direction-of-arrival (DOA) using the nested array via mixed-resolution (MR) quantization is developed. First, we derive the output signal model of the nested array under MR quantization, and utilize MR quantized data to construct a quantized covariance matrix. Subsequently, we recover an unquantized augmented covariance matrix by formulating a rank-minimization problem in the coarray domain. Finally, we perform DOA estimation using the recovered covariance matrix. The proposed method can achieve excellent performance close to that of the existing methods using high-resolution data. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of our approach. |
13,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Behavior Modeling for Cybersecurity, and key words: Cybersecurity, human behaviour modeling. Abstract: A significant percentage of cyber security incidents can be prevented by changing human behaviors. The humans in the loop include the system administrators, software developers, end users and the personnel responsible for securing the system. Each of these group of people work in a given context and are affected by both soft factors such as management influences and workload and more tangible factors in the real world such as errors in procedures and scanning devices, faulty code or the usability of the systems they work with. |
13,636 | Please write an abstract with title: A 3.7-mW 12.5-MHz 81-dB SNDR 4th-Order Continuous-Time DSM With Single-OTA and 2nd-Order Noise-Shaping SAR, and key words: Noise shaping, Bandwidth, Robustness, Voltage, Delays, Capacitors, Delta-sigma modulation. Abstract: This article presents a hybrid 4th-order delta–sigma modulator (DSM). It combines a continuous-time (CT) loop filter and a discrete-time (DT) passive 2nd-order noise-shaping SAR (NS-SAR). Since the 2nd-order NS-SAR is robust against PVT variation, the stability of this 4th-order DSM is similar to that of a 2nd-order CT-DSM. The CT loop filter is based on single-amplifier–biquad (SAB) structure. As a result, only one OTA is used to achieve 4th-order noise shaping, leading to a high power efficiency. Moreover, this work implements both excess-loop delay (ELD) compensation and an input feedforward path inside the NS-SAR in the charge domain, further reducing the circuit complexity and the OTA power. Overall, this work achieves 81-dB SNDR over 12.5 MHz with 3.7-mW power, leading to a Schreier FoM of 176 dB. |
13,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Entrepreneurial barriers perceptions of Information Technology students, and key words: Conferences, Entrepreneurship, Information technology, Engineering students, Creativity. Abstract: Creativity and innovativeness of engineering students is related to entrepreneurial intentions. Certain internal and external factors act against the development of these intentions. These factors referred as entrepreneurial barriers are often studied in the entrepreneurship literature. The aim of this article is to examine the barriers reported by Information Technology (IT) students and prioritize them based on their effect on entrepreneurial intentions. For that purpose, responses from a sample of 321 IT students were statistically analyzed, in order to calculate the relative importance and effective performance of barriers, required for the subsequent importance-performance analysis. The methodology proposed offers entrepreneurship instructors and policy makers a handy methodology for the prioritization of entrepreneurial barriers, in order to design the required interventions. |
13,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Sphere-packing bounds revisited for moderate block lengths, and key words: AWGN, Error analysis, Error probability, Information theory, Parity check codes, Engineering profession, Additive white noise, Modulation coding, Iterative decoding, Turbo codes. Abstract: The main reference of this paper is the sphere-packing bound of 1967 (SP67) derived by Shannon, Gallager, and Berlekamp. It offers a lower bound on the decoding error probability over a very large variety of channels. If it has failed so far to provide any usable material in practical implementation of telecommunication systems, it is due to an original focus on asymptotic results (making it inapplicable for moderate code lengths) and to the difficulty of the involved methods (which makes the derivation of SP67 quite hermetic and uninspiring for further research). The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to stir up some renewed interest in the topic on which Shannon concluded his career in information theory thanks to a qualitative (rather than technical) review of the derivation of SP67, introduced by a review of the simpler sphere-packing bound derived by Shannon in 1959; 2) to prove the practical interest of SP67 by extending its field of application to continuous output channels and particularly the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel used with any particular modulation scheme, and by improving its lower bound for the moderate code length case so that it becomes the best lower bound for most iteratively decodable codes (turbo codes, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, repeat-accumulate (RA) codes, etc.) of usual lengths. |
13,639 | Please write an abstract with title: 1147-2005 - IEEE Guide for the Rehabilitation of Hydroelectric Power Plants, and key words: IEEE Standards, Standards, Patents, Trademarks, Hydroelectric power generation, Warranties, Transformers. Abstract: Reaffirmed March 2012. This guide is intended for the hydroelectric power industry to assist hydroelectric power plant owners, operators, and designers in the economic (feasibility) and technical evaluation (electrical aspects) of existing hydroelectric installations for rehabilitation. It addresses conventional hydropower. Portions of this guide are relevant to pumped storage but the unique features of pumped storage are not covered. Feasibility study results may indicate redevelopment of the site. Redevelopment will not be treated in detail in this guide. This guide covers all generating equipment up to and including the main transformer and typical auxiliary equipment. |
13,640 | Please write an abstract with title: TCG: A transitive closure graph-based representation for general floorplans, and key words: Runtime, Very large scale integration, Shape, Design optimization, Timing, Tree graphs, Circuit topology, Wheels, Cost function, Performance evaluation. Abstract: In this brief, we introduce the concept of the P*-admissible representation and propose a P*-admissible, transitive closure graph-based representation for general floorplans, called transitive closure graph (TCG), and show its superior properties. TCG combines the advantages of popular representations such as sequence pair, BSG, and B*-tree. Like sequence pair and BSG, but unlike O-tree, B*-tree, and CBL, TCG is P*-admissible. Like B*-tree, but unlike sequence pair, BSG, O-tree, and CBL, TCG does not need to construct additional constraint graphs for the cost evaluation during packing, implying a faster runtime. Further, TCG supports incremental update during operations and keeps the information of boundary modules as well as the shapes and the relative positions of modules in the representation. More importantly, the geometric relation among modules is transparent not only to the TCG representation but also to its operation, facilitating the convergence to a desired solution. All of these properties make TCG an effective and flexible representation for handling the general floorplan/placement design problems with various constraints. Experimental results show the promise of TCG. |
13,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Fully Distributed Time-Varying Formation Control for Multiple Uncertain Missiles, and key words: Missiles, Uncertainty, Aerodynamics, Protocols, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Trajectory, Adaptive control. Abstract: The article addresses the fully distributed time-varying formation control problem for multiple missiles involving uncertainties. An adaptive control protocol is developed for the missiles, which includes uncertainties in the flight dynamics, while the adaptive control protocol does not require global information of the network missile system. Global formation flight stability is proven via the Lyapunov theory. Simulation tests are performed to validate the effectiveness of the developed protocol as applied to the network system. |
13,642 | Please write an abstract with title: Overview of Docker container orchestration tools, and key words: Electronic learning, Containers, Tools. Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to analyze current options of Docker container orchestration. Currently, there are three widely used orchestrators - Docker Swarm, Kubernetes and OpenShift. In the paper, we analyzed all three of them, we highlighted their advantages and disadvantages and compared them. |
13,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Clipping Noise Estimation Based on Deep Complex Neural Network with Sparsity Constraint, and key words: Estimation, Peak to average power ratio, Complex networks, Neural networks, Training, Kernel. Abstract: Clipping noise estimation and cancellation are essential in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems when clipping is performed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Motivated by the richer representational capacity of complex numbers and the fact that communication is a complex-valued problem, a novel clipping noise estimation scheme based on deep complex neural network is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the clipping noise is determined by a deep complex network, namely clipping noise estimation network (CNE-Net), such that the mean square error (MSE) and the sparsity of the estimated clipping noise are jointly optimized. Besides, an ordering based zero-forcing scheme is utilized to further ensure the sparsity of the estimated clipping noise. Simulation results show that the proposed CNE-Net shows comparable performance with the conventional decision-aided reconstruction (DAR) scheme and can achieve better performance than the one-iteration DAR scheme when the clipping noise is not sparse enough. In summary, the CNE-Net has a good capability to estimate the clipping noise from noise-affected features. |
13,644 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutual CRF-GNN for Few-shot Learning, and key words: Computer vision, Computational modeling, Semantics, Benchmark testing, Probabilistic logic, Market research, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Graph-neural-networks (GNN) is a rising trend for fewshot learning. A critical component in GNN is the affinity. Typically, affinity in GNN is mainly computed in the feature space, e.g., pairwise features, and does not take fully advantage of semantic labels associated to these features. In this paper, we propose a novel Mutual CRF-GNN (MCGN). In this MCGN, the labels and features of support data are used by the CRF for inferring GNN affinities in a principled and probabilistic way. Specifically, we construct a Conditional Random Field (CRF) conditioned on labels and features of support data to infer a affinity in the label space. Such affinity is fed to the GNN as the node-wise affinity. GNN and CRF mutually contributes to each other in MCGN. For GNN, CRF provides valuable affinity information. For CRF, GNN provides better features for inferring affinity. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms stateof-the-arts on datasets miniImageNet, tieredImageNet, and CIFAR-FS on both 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot settings. |
13,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind Frequency Synchronization for WLAN MIMO OFDM Systems, and key words: OFDM, Wireless LAN, MIMO communication, Frequency synchronization, Receiving antennas, Wireless communication, Standards. Abstract: In the current paper, we have developed a new frequency offset estimation algorithm using cyclic prefix (CP) without using the training sequence. specifically for wireless local area network (WLAN) systems typically operating at 5 GHz radio frequency (RF) band such as IEEE 802.11 class of standards like 11a, 11g, 11n, 11ac and more recent one such as 11ax which is yet to be ratified, And are built on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Rayleigh fading effects are applied in addition to additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) to analyze the performance. The algorithm performance is prevailed in all the MIMO configurations proposed for (2×2), (3×3) and (4×4). Also, it is observed that the mean square error improves as the configuration increase. |
13,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Movie Poster Genre Classification with Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Computational modeling, Lighting, Computer architecture, Motion pictures, Software, Hardware, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Not infrequently we do not have a clear plan of events to do, and chose to do an activity spontaneously. One of the activities that is usually done spontaneously is watching a movie in the cinema, and in this case, information about the movie we want to watch is most likely not known to the prospective viewer. Therefore, this paper is expected to help build a software to classify film genres based on image data input in the form of movie posters. By utilizing the intended software, potential viewers can make genre predictions to help choose the films they want to watch. The genre classification process is carried out using the Convolutional Neural Network. MobileNetv2 architecture was chosen due to the minimal computing cost of this architecture, and given computing power of hardware in form of a smart phone is relatively smaller than the computing power of hardware in the form of a computer. The final result produced by this model is the classification is in the form of generic film genres, which are divided into: romance, action, horror, fantasy and comedy. |
13,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Image-Based Multi-Agent Coverage Path Planning, and key words: deep reinforcement learning, multi-agent coverage path planning, multi-actor-critic, mask soft attention. Abstract: Image-based Multi-Agent Coverage Path Planning (MACPP) utilizes images as input to control multiple agents touring all nodes in a map, minimizing task duration and node revisiting. State-of-the-art (SOTA) studies have applied Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) to automate MACPP, primarily focusing on minimizing task duration. However, these approaches overlook the issue of repeated node visits, resulting in longer task durations and limited real-world applicability. To tackle this challenge, we develop a novel MADRL solution, referred to as MADRL with Mask Soft Attention, to minimize task duration and node re-visiting simultaneously. Our method uses mask soft attention to extract key features from raw image observations while masking task-independent features, reducing computational complexity and improving sample efficiency. We also cascade a multi-actor-critic architecture to accommodate even more agents with ease. Each agent is equipped with an actor to learn an action policy, and a shared critic evaluates a state value. To validate our approach, we implement seven SOTA MADRL methods in the MACPP area as baselines. Simulation results show that our method significantly outperforms the baselines regarding task duration and the number of times the node is repeatedly visited. |
13,648 | Please write an abstract with title: Static electromigration analysis for signal interconnects, and key words: Electromigration, Signal analysis, Wire, Charge transfer, Integrated circuit interconnections, Current density, Time domain analysis, Very large scale integration, Equations, Shape. Abstract: With the increase in current densities, electromigration has become a critical concern in high-performance designs. Typically, electromigration has involved the process of time-domain simulation of drivers and interconnect to obtain average, RMS, and peak current values for each wire segment. However, this approach cannot be applied to large problem sizes where hundreds of thousands of nets must be analyzed, each consisting of many thousands of RC elements. In this paper, we propose a static electromigration analysis approach. We show that under conditions that are typically met by VLSI interconnects, the charge transfer through wire segments of a net can be calculated directly by solving a system of linear equations, thereby eliminating the need for time domain simulation. Also, we prove that under these conditions the charge transfer through a wire segment is independent of the shape of the driver current waveform. From the charge transfer through each wire segment, the average current is obtained directly, as well as approximate RMS and peak currents. We account for the different possible switching scenarios that give rise to unidirectional or bi-directional current by separating the charge transfer from the rising and falling transitions, and also propose approaches for modeling multiple simultaneous switching drivers. The results on a number of industrial circuits demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach. |
13,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Urine Sediment Analysis by Using Convolution Neural Network, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Convolution, Microscopy, Calcium, Neural networks, Sediments. Abstract: Urinary particles are important requirements in clinical urinalysis, particularly in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients suspected of renal diseases and urinary tract Infections. As a result, it is critical to identify urinary particles accurately in the clinical area. Also the outcome is hugely affected by the doctor's experience. However, because the traditional manual microscopic analysis relies on human operators who read the samples visually and identify them, this method is slow, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, In this research, presented a deep learning method for analyzing urinary particles. The authors prepare a dataset of urine sediment microscopic images, which includes approximately 820 cell annotations and four-cell classes: RBC, Calcium oxalate, cysteine calcium, and uric acid. Used for deep learning training and testing of various convolutional network models. The authors proposed Convolution neural network structure and five ConvNet models such as MobileNet, VGG16, DenseNet, ResNet50V, InceptionV3. According to these evaluations, the best models for true positive recall are MobileNet, and the proposed method ist he second one.. These models also achieve the highest accuracy of 98.3 percent. on the other hand, InceptionV3 and DenceNet have comparable accuracy results with 96.5 percent. |
13,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Entanglement Blocking in DLCZ-based Networks, and key words: Optical losses, Routing, Optical fiber communication, Quantum networks. Abstract: Resource and performance dependent blocking mechanisms for entanglement routing in quantum networks are identified and characterized in simulations of a DLCZ architecture under different loss and resource availability conditions. |
13,651 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel simulation framework for crowd co-decisions, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Analytical models, Technological innovation, Systematics, Decision making, Collaboration, Collaborative work. Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to aim mainly at social public decision-making problems, studies the corresponding relationship between different voting rule combinations and the final results, and discusses the quantitative relationships between group intelligence (final votes) and individual intelligence (everyone) to defend democracy under the circumstance of rapid development of network technology, and crowd intelligence becomes more complicated and universal. Design/methodology/approach – After summarizing the crowd co-decisions of related studies, the standards, frameworks, techniques, methods and tools have been discussed according to the characteristics of large-scale simulations. Findings – The contributions of this paper will be useful for both academics and practitioners for formulating VV&A in large-scale simulations. Originality/value – This paper will help researchers solve the social public decision-making problems in large-scale simulations. |
13,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Neuromorphic Analog Implementation of Reservoir Computing for Machine Learning, and key words: Training, Iris, Neuromorphic engineering, Heuristic algorithms, Neurons, Machine learning, Reservoirs. Abstract: In reservoir computing, dynamical systems are used to drive state-of-the-art machine learning with small training sets and minimal computing resources. Neuromorphic (brain-inspired) computing pose to further improve reservoir computing with energy-efficient spiking neural implementations. Here we propose an analog circuit design for reservoir computing using OZ spiking neurons, STDP (Spike-timing-dependent plasticity) synapses, and learning PES (prescribed error sensitivity) circuitry. We evaluated our design on a small scale using the Iris flower data set, demonstrating the potential application of neuromorphic analog hardware in reservoir computing. |
13,653 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of detection performance, and key words: Radar detection, Signal to noise ratio, Acoustic signal detection, Fluctuations, Sonar detection, Envelope detectors, Pulse shaping methods, Pulse compression methods, Optical sensors, Acoustic sensors. Abstract: This paper develops a new, simple, general analytical method for optimizing the detection performance of a radar. The method applies to any target fluctuation model, any pulse integration type (coherent, noncoherent, or mixed coherent/noncoherent), and any number of pulses integrated. The method provides long-missing insight into the optimization of detection performance and guidelines for efficient detection design. The results obtained provide a firm theoretical basis for the commonly accepted empirical rule-of-thumb of providing nominally 13 dB of signal-to-noise ratio to obtain efficient detection. |
13,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic domain structure in SmCo 2:17 permanent magnets, and key words: Magnetic domains, Permanent magnets, Magnetic domain walls, Aging, Coercive force, Isothermal processes, Heat treatment, Magnetic properties, Iron, Zirconium. Abstract: The magnetic domain structure and properties of sintered Sm(Co/sub bal/Cu/sub 0.07/Fe/sub 0.22/Zr/sub 0.04/)/sub 7.4/ have been investigated, at different aging stages and applied fields. A low coercivity (0.2-2 kOe) developed during isothermal aging at 800/spl deg/C for 16 h, while a maximum coercivity of 31 kOe was obtained after subsequent slow cooling down to 400/spl deg/C (fully heat treatmented sample). Although the microstructural morphology remains unchanged for aging over 3 h, the observed magnetic domain structures are different. Flat or less wavy domain walls are seen in the magnets subjected only to the isothermal aging. The domain walls are wavy with a zigzag shape following the cell boundaries in the samples subjected to a full heat treatment. The evolution of domain structure with applied fields is consistent with the change of magnetization along the initial curve. This paper shows direct evidence of domain wall pinning in Sm/sub 2/Co/sub 17/-type magnets, where the degree of domain wall "waviness" is strongly related to their magnetic hardening. |
13,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Steady-state acoustic reflectometry for the reconstruction of solid cylindrical cavities, and key words: Steady-state, Acoustic reflection, Solids, Acoustic pulses, Bandwidth, Reflectometry, Geometry, Acoustic noise, Computer errors, Inverse problems. Abstract: Acoustic pulse reflectometry has been used in the past for the indirect determination of the cross-section area vs. distance function describing the geometry of solid cylindrical cavities such as the upper airway tract. Excitation pulse bandwidth, noise and system losses are usually the main experimental issues and sources of reconstruction error in the inverse problem solution. This paper presents an inversion procedure that depends exclusively on pure-tone steady-state excitations, simplifying both the instrumentation and the signal processing requirements of the system while improving the reconstruction performance. Computer simulations indicate that accurate reconstruction is possible if the applied pure tone frequencies are closely spaced and the bandwidth is extended as possible within the experimental limitations. Existing estimation methods such as Ware-Aki or "layer peeling" were compared with the proposed scheme, which presented improved performance under equivalent experimental conditions. |
13,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Controlability, observability, and duality in a distributed parameter system with continuous and point spectrum, and key words: Control systems, Observability, Distributed parameter systems, Controllability, Sufficient conditions, Minimax techniques, Equations, Error correction, Robustness, Stability. Abstract: The controllability of a specific system which is representative of the class of self-adjoint parabolic distributed parameter systems defined on a semi-infinite interval is established. Such systems possess nonempty continuous and/or point spectrum. Necessary and sufficient conditions for observability of the system are derived and, in the case where the observation is made at the boundary, a dual system is developed. |
13,657 | Please write an abstract with title: A process, voltage, and temperature compensated CMOS constant current reference, and key words: Voltage, Temperature, CMOS process, TV, MOS devices, Power supplies, Equations, Power generation, Circuit optimization, Doping. Abstract: In this paper, a CMOS constant current reference over PVT (process, voltage and temperature) variations is presented. The drain current of a MOS device gives the reference current, which is compensated for process variations by exploiting the physical relationship between K'(/spl mu/C/sub ox/) and V/sub T/ across various process corners. It is also compensated for power supply and temperature variations by a PTAT voltage reference, which aids in the generation of the reference current. In order to prove the proposed concept, simulation results from 0.25 /spl mu/m, 0.18 /spl mu/m, 0.13 /spl mu/m, and 90 nm CMOS processes are presented. |
13,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Convolutional Neural Networks for Face Recognition Problems Aimed to Resources Constrained Platforms, and key words: convolutional neural networks, constrained resources, face recognition. Abstract: In this paper is proposed a method to obtain high recognition rates of face recognition problems using low complexity convolutional neural networks, tailored for resource-constrained computing platforms. Different variants of CNN architectures were considered and thoroughly evaluated on datasets such as YouTube Faces Database and Aligned Face Dataset for Face Recognition. We experiment by training our architectures on various computing platforms including CPU, GPU and evaluate performances such as recognition rates, prediction estimation, throughput and latency. In optimizing the specific parameters, a trade-off between a good accuracy and a low complexity was considered. |
13,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact Wideband Absorptive Filtering Power Divider With a Reused Composite T-Shape Network, and key words: Absorption, Band-pass filters, Filtering, Power dividers, Wideband, Radio frequency, Passband. Abstract: This paper presents a compact structure for the filtering power divider (FPD) with wide absorptive bandwidth as well as good isolation between the output ports. A composite T-shape network that consists of a pair of resistors and a central shorted stub is used for realizing good isolation and absorption simultaneously. The isolation resistors that are essential in the FPD can be shared to absorb the signal reflected back to the input port. To enhance the absorption performance, only one synergistic absorptive stub is required and added to the input port. It allows the absorption performance to be independently controllable without affecting the passband response. The dual functions of wideband filtering response and power division are achieved by integrating the power divider and the bandpass filter using a compact three-line coupled structure. A pair of shorted stubs loaded at the ends of coupled-feed lines for outputs can provide controllable passband bandwidth and transmission zeros. To verify the proposed design concept, the multifunctional FPD with the compact structure is fabricated and measured. Good agreements between the measured and simulated results verify the calculated predictions. |
13,660 | Please write an abstract with title: A Super Resolution CNN based Model for Crop Disease Detection, and key words: Measurement, Fungi, Deep learning, Image resolution, Insects, Crops, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: The major contribution to Indian economy comes from agriculture which stands as the backbone and also it is the livelihood of many farmers. But now-a-days the crops are being infected by multiple diseases and causing widespread of the disease which in turn damages the entire crop fields if they are not noticed in prior. Crops get diseased by fungi, virus and bacteria and also by worms and insects that attack the crops. These crop diseases should be diagnosed with the help of emerging technologies like DL (Deep Learning) which provide plenty of techniques for disease detection. The proposed model which uses a Super Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) to improve the quality of the crop leaf images and also a CNN which acts as a classifier that helps to detect the crop disease. When the model is trained with SRCNN it improves the performance and illness of crops is also identified in an unerring way. |
13,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Creativity in Prototypes Design: The case of Social Organizations, and key words: Software, Creativity, Prototypes, Face, Sustainable development, Information systems, Organizations. Abstract: The study of creativity in the design of prototypes for an organization is of particular interest given its potential for innovation. This article proposes an approach to the design of prototypes using creativity techniques and including sustainability concerns. The application of the approach is illustrated by presenting a real case of development of an aggregator and multidisciplinary prototype for the optimization of social services. The approach includes guidelines for the use of creativity techniques in requirements engineering and for incorporating sustainability concerns. |
13,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of Materials for Optical Wireless Channel Simulation, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Signal processing algorithms, Optical variables measurement, Ray tracing, Optical materials, Data models. Abstract: This article proposes a new method to optically characterize materials, which is a very sensitive input data for realistic channel simulation based on Monte-Carlo Ray-Tracing algorithms. This original approach consists first in performing some optical power measurements based on a simple and low-cost experimental setup. These data then feed an optimization algorithm allowing to find the parameters of materials’ reflection models that lead to simulation results fitting the measurements. As a proof of concept, our first results consider only simulated data as virtual measurement. They show that this approach gives very good agreement between estimated and actual optical characteristics of materials in canonical environment. |
13,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of integrating Collaboration Scripts into Pair Programming for Developing Computational Thinking, and key words: Task analysis, Programming profession, Technological innovation, Teamwork, Interviews, Terminology, Standards. Abstract: Pair programming (PP) is an effective and operable approach to improve Computational Thinking (CT). However, the process of PP is complex to understand for students at the elementary level, which needs to be supported. Collaboration scripts is a promising way to structure the collaborative process through three mechanisms: pp forming mechanism, role-task mechanism, the feedback mechanism. We conducted a pilot study to examine the effectiveness of collaboration in students' use of collaboration scripts and furthermore to evaluate the development of CT and math. Both quantitative and qualitative data about the students' CT skills, mathematical achievements and perceptions of collaboration scripts were collected. The results showed that the PP with collaboration scripts can improve the CT skills, mathematical achievements; facilitate higher collaborative relationship; give students good perceptions by teacher's feedback. |
13,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Corrugated waveguide with helically continuous corrugations, and key words: Polarization, Waveguide theory, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Planar waveguides, Surface impedance, Physics, Astrophysics, Electrooptical waveguides, Frequency dependence, Feeds. Abstract: The cylindrical hybrid mode propagation and radiation characteristics have been theoretically analyzed, and corresponding experimental investigations have been carried out for a corrugated waveguide with helical anisotropy. Under the influence of helical corrugation the plane of polarization of the hybrid mode is found to rotate slowly as it moves along the guide. The frequency dependence of the plane of polarization has been studied for such waveguide feeds of given length. |
13,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide Beam Scanning Antenna Array and Near Field Testing System for 5G Millimeter-wave Communications, and key words: Antenna measurements, Industries, 5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave technology, Millimeter wave measurements, Mobile antennas, Millimeter wave communication. Abstract: Millimeter-wave technology has attracted a lot of attention from academia and industry, while millimeter wave antenna arrays are utilized in both base stations and mobile terminals to confront the issues of high loss and channel blockage. In addition, since the space in the mobile terminal is extremely limited, there is an urgent need for a very compact size, as well as a high wide beam scanning capability to achieve greater spatial coverage and reduce the number of millimeter wave antenna modules required. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the high- performance scanning techniques for millimeter wave antenna and array under the background of current solutions, and predict the future development of millimeter wave antenna, as well as its test system. |
13,666 | Please write an abstract with title: RandomRooms: Unsupervised Pre-training from Synthetic Shapes and Randomized Layouts for 3D Object Detection, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Semantics, Layout, Training data, Object detection, Benchmark testing. Abstract: 3D point cloud understanding has made great progress in recent years. However, one major bottleneck is the scarcity of annotated real datasets, especially compared to 2D object detection tasks, since a large amount of labor is involved in annotating the real scans of a scene. A promising solution to this problem is to make better use of the synthetic dataset, which consists of CAD object models, to boost the learning on real datasets. This can be achieved by the pre-training and fine-tuning procedure. However, recent work on 3D pre-training exhibits failure when transfer features learned on synthetic objects to other real-world applications. In this work, we put forward a new method called RandomRooms to accomplish this objective. In particular, we propose to generate random layouts of a scene by making use of the objects in the synthetic CAD dataset and learn the 3D scene representation by applying object-level contrastive learning on two random scenes generated from the same set of synthetic objects. The model pre-trained in this way can serve as a better initialization when later fine-tuning on the 3D object detection task. Empirically, we show consistent improvement in downstream 3D detection tasks on several base models, especially when less training data are used, which strongly demonstrates the effectiveness and generalization of our method. Benefiting from the rich semantic knowledge and diverse objects from synthetic data, our method establishes the new state-of-the-art on widely-used 3D detection benchmarks ScanNetV2 and SUN RGB-D. We expect our attempt to provide a new perspective for bridging object and scene-level 3D understanding. |
13,667 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robot-Delivered Program for Low-Intensity Problem-Solving Therapy for Students in Higher Education, and key words: Employee welfare, Education, Medical treatment, Humanoid robots, Complexity theory, Problem-solving, Robots. Abstract: Social robots have been used to help people to make healthy changes, and one setting that could benefit from having more support services offered includes the higher education sector. This trial involved an initial test to explore how a social robot could help to deliver a low-intensity problem-solving session for students around study-related issues and challenges. A Pepper Humanoid Robot was deployed in a student centre to help students to build a problem-solving plan on a specific issue. In the trial, 72 students gave detailed responses to session questions for issues such as procrastination, life/study balance and study workload. Students reported good ratings for emotional reaction to the robot, perceived utility, intention to use the robot again, confidence to use the robot, perceived helpfulness from the robot, likelihood to use the robot for a new higher education issue, and to recommend the robot to a friend. Robot evaluation scores were correlated with scores on perceived helpfulness of the robot and confidence to try an idea in the next week. Students who reported positive robot evaluation scores were also more willing to use the session content and rate the content as helpful. One week later, most students reported that the robot session helped them to fix their chosen issue, and that they used at least one idea from the session. Overall, this study found that a session run by a social robot could provide support for a study-related issue or challenge, and that some students did receive benefit from the session content. Future studies could include enhancements and adaptations to session length, technical refinement and capacity to address new issues during the session. |
13,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Potato Leaf Diseases Detection Using Deep Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Plants (biology), Transfer learning, Crops, Production, Manuals, Feature extraction. Abstract: With the enhancement in agricultural technology and the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosing plant diseases, it becomes important to make pertinent research to sustainable agricultural development. Various diseases like early blight and late blight immensely influence the quality and quantity of the potatoes and manual interpretation of these leaf diseases is quite time-taking and cumbersome. As it requires tremendously a good level of expertise, efficient and automated detection of these diseases in the budding phase can assist in ameliorating the potato crop production. Previously, various models have been proposed to detect several plant diseases. In this paper, a model is presented that uses pre-trained models like VGG19 for fine-tuning(transfer learning) to extract the relevant features from the dataset. Then, with the help of multiple classifiers results were perceived among which logistic regression outperformed others by a substantial margin of classification accuracy obtaining 97.8% over the test dataset. |
13,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust STATCOM controller design using PSO based automatic loop-shaping procedure, and key words: Robust control, Automatic voltage control, Automatic control, Damping, Power system simulation, Control systems, Power systems, Design optimization, Particle swarm optimization, Manuals. Abstract: Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) controls are known to enhance damping of a power system. The graphical loop-shaping procedure used in designing a robust STATCOM controller can be significantly improved by embedding some optimization procedure in it. In this article a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has been employed to find the fixed parameter robust controller parameters. PSO based robust control design greatly reduces the computational effort compared to the manual graphical techniques. Simulation studies on a simple power system indicate that the designed controller provides very good damping properties |
13,670 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-objective Optimization Approach for Trajectory Planning in a Safe and Ergonomic Human-Robot Collaboration, and key words: Trajectory planning, Ergonomics, Collaboration, Programming, Software, Trajectory, Safety. Abstract: In today’s manufacturing companies that rely on Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC), ensuring a safe and ergonomic workplace is becoming of pivotal importance. In a collaborative assembly scenario, this paper aims at planning the trajectory of a collaborative robotic arm, guaranteeing safety and ergonomics for the operator without neglecting production requirements. In particular, a multi-objective optimization approach for the trajectory planning in safe and ergonomic HRC is defined, with the aim of finding the best trade-off between the total traversal time of the trajectory for the robot and ergonomics for the human worker, while respecting safety requirements. The proposed approach consists of three main steps. First, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) ergonomic index is evaluated on a manikin designed on a dedicated software. The aim is to ensure a high quality of work in the considered HRC scenario with a consequent decrease of the musculoskeletal disorders associated with highly repetitive and dangerous activities. Second, a time-optimal and safety-constrained trajectory planning problem is defined as a second-order cone programming problem. Finally, a multi-objective control problem is formulated and solved to compute the trajectory that ensures the best compromise between time end ergonomics. The method is tested on numerical simulations and the obtained results are discussed, proving the effectiveness of the approach. |
13,671 | Please write an abstract with title: A Discrete-Time Model for Frequency Modulated Charge Pumps with Synchronized Controller, and key words: Charge pumps, Frequency modulation, Mathematical model, Transfer functions, Synchronization, Transistors, Load modeling. Abstract: This paper presents a discrete-time based approach for frequency modulated charge pumps with synchronized controller. In order to handle the varying frequency, this paper first introduced a method to calculate the output voltage of an open-loop charge pump with predefined frequencies, which is improved from a fixed frequency open-loop model verified in previous research. Then a closed-loop model is proposed for synchronized frequency controllers. An algorithm is hence created from the closed-loop model to simulate the output of charge pumps. The simulation result shows a competitive accuracy and much faster speed when comparing it with transistor level simulations. Overall, this paper demonstrated its value in terms of modeling the frequency modulated charge pumps and hence assisted the top-down design flow. |
13,672 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on Various Classifications and Prediction Techniques for Diabetic Retinopathy, and key words: Deep learning, Measurement, Retinopathy, Blindness, Sensitivity and specificity, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide. The future of diabetic retinopathy is brightening on a worldwide scale. The feature selection and classification is remaining as a critical task for determining the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Various studies have used different methodologies to extract the characteristics and categorize diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, different techniques are used for screening, decision making and performing future prediction for Diabetic retinopathy. The main comparison metrics of Diabetic Retinopathy prediction are accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This paper presents various techniques related to the features, classification and prediction using artificial intelligence, machine learning and Deep learning techniques. The entire paper consists of various classification techniques, advantages, limitations and various comparison parameters. Finally, various challenges and future direction of the Diabetic retinopathy is presented. |
13,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Kalman Filter-Based Precoder Tracking for Time-Varying Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems, and key words: OFDM, Kalman filters, Antennas, Indexes, MIMO communication, Precoding, Frequency-domain analysis. Abstract: The inaccuracy of channel state information (CSI) and high computational complexity for pseudo-inverse calculation in time-varying massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can hinder the widespread utility of regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoding. In this letter, a novel framework is proposed for directly tracking the RZF coefficients using a Kalman filter to improve the underlying precoding performance. Specifically, a temporal autocorrelation function (ACF) of RZF coefficients is derived for the proposed tracking. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can almost reach the performance of the existing benchmark involving pseudo-inverse computation and thus, significantly reduces the underlying complexity by more than 32%. |
13,674 | Please write an abstract with title: The measurement of the characteristic impedance of transmission lines using nanoscale resistive films, and key words: Impedance measurement, Transmission line measurements, Dielectric thin films, Equations, Dielectric substrates, Waveguide discontinuities, Electrical resistance measurement, Electric resistance, Transmission line theory, Laboratories. Abstract: The value of the characteristic impedance, Z/sub 0/, is well known for most transmission lines either from mathematical formulations or computer modelling (Wadell, 1991). So much so, that when an impedance, Z/sub L/, is evaluated, a value of Z/sub 0/ is assumed and only a measurement of the reflection coefficient, /spl rho/, is needed. However, there are instances where an experimental value of Z/sub 0/ is required, for example in the cases of some lines with attenuation or exotic lines where mathematical equations are not available and where computer models are not rigorous. This paper shows that by reversing the procedure described above, a value Z/sub 0/ can be found from a known value of Z/sub L/, and a measurement of /spl rho/. In order to demonstrate the validity of this technique, some well-characterised transmission lines were measured at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), using nanoscale sheet resistances to give Z/sub L/, and the results are given in this paper. The technique can now be extended to examine those instances mentioned above. |
13,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Probability setup and technical efficiency of relay protection and automatics, and key words: Protective relaying, Power supplies, Circuits, Power generation, Load management, Power system management, Automation, Guidelines, Relays, Object detection. Abstract: Existing expert-supervising practice and suggested probability method of guaranteed setup of relay protection and automatics are presented. |
13,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Kinematics Analysis and Simulation Verification for the Chassis of Mobile Robots Based on An Obstacle-crossing Index, and key words: Analytical models, Roads, Wheels, Kinematics, Mobile robots, Indexes, Load modeling. Abstract: Due to the imperfect evaluation index of obstacle-crossing, the design phase of the mobile robots' chassis is mostly based on subjective experience, and there is a lack of effective standards and methods to verify the stability of obstacle crossing performance after the design is completed. This paper proposes a universal index of the mobile robots' obstacle-crossing performance under considering different road conditions. We perform a kinematics analysis of the mobile robots' chassis to verify the omnidirectional mobility. Based on this, we carry out the obstacle-crossing simulation of the chassis based on the basis of ADAMS. Aiming at the road conditions of deep groove obstacle, step driving, climbing and flying slope, this paper establishes the virtual prototype model on the basis. In order to improve the simulation efficiency, this paper simplifies the chassis model. Finally, we get the obstacle-crossing simulation data and complete the verification with the obstacle-crossing index. The results show that the mobile robot chassis can meet the requirements of movement and load, and it can successfully complete obstacle cross under different road conditions. This general chassis can be used as a reference for future mobile robots' chassis design to improve design efficiency. |
13,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Locating and bypassing routing holes in sensor networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Electronic mail, Wireless sensor networks, Computer science, Network topology, Routing protocols, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Spread spectrum communication, Testing, Distributed algorithms. Abstract: Many algorithms for routing in sensor networks exploit greedy forwarding strategies to get packets to their destinations. We study a fundamental difficulty such strategies face: the "local minimum phenomena" that can cause packets to get stuck. We give a definition of stuck nodes where packets may get stuck in greedy multi-hop forwarding, and develop a local rule, the TENT rule, for each node in the network to test whether a packet can get stuck at that node. To help the packets get out of stuck nodes, we describe a distributed algorithm, BOUNDHOLE, to build routes around holes, which are connected regions of the network with boundaries consisting of all the stuck nodes. We show that these hole-surrounding routes can be used in many applications such as geographic routing, path migration, information storage mechanisms and identification of regions of interest. |
13,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Adversarial Adaptive Interpolation for Regularizing Representation Learning and Image Synthesis in Autoencoders, and key words: Manifolds, Interpolation, Additives, Image synthesis, Conferences, Training data, Task analysis. Abstract: Data interpolation is typically used to explore and understand the latent representation learnt by a deep network. Naive linear interpolation may induce mismatch between the interpolated data and the underlying manifold of the original data. In this paper, we propose an Adversarial Adaptive Interpolation (AdvAI) approach for facilitating representation learning and image synthesis in autoencoders. To determine an interpolation path that stays on the manifold, we incorporate an interpolation correction module, which learns to offset the deviation from the manifold. Further, we perform matching with a prior distribution to control the characteristics of the representation. The data synthesized from random codes along with interpolation-based regularization are in turn used to constrain the representation learning process. In the experiments, the superior performance of the proposed approach demonstrates the effectiveness of AdvAI and associated regularizers in a variety of downstream tasks. |
13,679 | Please write an abstract with title: Velocity and acceleration estimation in video sequences by the local polynomial periodogram, and key words: Acceleration, Video sequences, Polynomials, Fourier transforms, Parameter estimation, Time frequency analysis, Data processing, Spectral analysis, Motion estimation, Motion analysis. Abstract: Motion parameters estimation is performed by using the local polynomial periodogram. The presented method provides the estimation of velocity and acceleration, simultaneously. It is appropriate for the motion parameters estimation in noisy sequences. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by numerical examples. |
13,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Calibration-Free Mach-Zehnder Silicon-Photonic Switch, and key words: Phase measurement, Optical switches, Measurement uncertainty, Crosstalk, Foundries, Optical fiber communication, Calibration. Abstract: We propose calibration-free Mach-Zehnder silicon-photonic-switch networks based on new 2×2 Mach-Zehnder switches with ultralow random phase errors (~0.02π rad). The demonstrated 4×4 Benes switch has <−20 dB crosstalk in the C-band. |
13,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Transmit Resource Management and Waveform Selection Strategy for Target Tracking in Distributed Phased Array Radar Network, and key words: Target tracking, Radar tracking, Radar, Resource management, Optimization, Phased arrays, Radar cross-sections. Abstract: In this article, a joint transmit resource management and waveform selection (JTRMWS) strategy is put forward for target tracking in distributed phased array radar network. We establish the problem of joint transmit resource and waveform optimization as a dual-objective optimization model. The key idea of the proposed JTRMWS scheme is to utilize the optimization technique to collaboratively coordinate the transmit power, dwell time, waveform bandwidth, and pulse length of each radar node in order to improve the target tracking accuracy and low probability of intercept (LPI) performance of distributed phased array radar network, subject to the illumination resource budgets and waveform library limitation. The analytical expressions for the predicted Bayesian Cramér–Rao lower bound and the probability of intercept are calculated and subsequently adopted as the metric functions to evaluate the target tracking accuracy and LPI performance, respectively. It is shown that the JTRMWS problem is a nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem, where the above four adaptable parameters are all coupled in the objective functions and constraints. Combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, an efficient and fast three-stage-based solution technique is developed to deal with the resulting problem. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed JTRMWS algorithm compared with other state-of-the-art benchmarks. |
13,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurately Quantifying a Billion Instances per Second, and key words: Training, Task analysis, Proposals, Systematics, Probabilistic logic, Time complexity, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Quantification is a thriving research area that develops methods to estimate the class prior probabilities in an unlabelled set of observations. Quantification and classification share several similarities. For instance, the most straightforward quantification method, Classify & Count (CC), directly counts the output of a classifier. However, CC has a systematic bias that makes it increasingly misestimate the counts as the class distribution drifts away from a distribution it perfectly quantifies. This issue has motivated the development of more reliable quantification methods. Such newer methods can consistently outperform CC at the cost of a significant increase in processing requirements. Yet, for a large number of applications, quantification speed is an additional criterion that must be considered. Frequently, quantification methods need to deal with large amounts of data or fast-paced streams, as it is the case of news feeding, tweets and sensor data. In this paper, we propose Sample Mean Matching (SMM), a highly efficient algorithm able to quantify billions of data instances per second. We compare SMM to a set of 14 established and state-of-the-art quantifiers in an empirical analysis comprising 25 benchmark and real-world datasets. We show that SMM is competitive with state-of-the-art methods with no statistical difference in counting accuracy, and it is orders of magnitude faster than the vast majority of the algorithms. |
13,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantitative evaluation of photoaging using photoacoustic microscopy, and key words: 6G mobile communication. Abstract: Human skin sections affected by various degrees of photoaging were imaged using photoacoustic microscopy. The photoacoustic signal intensity from the upper dermis increased with aging progress. The feasibility of quantitative human skin evaluation was demonstrated. |
13,684 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking reinforcement learning algorithms for demand response applications, and key words: Training, Gradient methods, Heat pumps, Reinforcement learning, Benchmark testing, Load management, Space heating. Abstract: Through many recent successes in simulation and real-world projects, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for demand response applications especially in the residential setting. Reinforcement learning is a self-learning and self-adaptive technique that can be used to control flexibility providing devices by relying mainly on historical and/or real-time data rather than on system models. This paper presents a benchmark of five RL algorithms - fitted Q-iteration, policy iteration with Q-functions, double Q-learning, REINFORCE and actor-critic - and compares these with a model-based optimal, rule-based and naive control. We consider a task of controlling the operation of a heat pump (HP) for space heating in a building with a photovoltaic (PV) installation. The HP is controlled with goal of maximizing PV self-consumption and consequently, minimizing electricity cost. To evaluate the performance of these algorithms, three main indicators are considered: PV self-consumption, electricity cost and computation time. Based on simulation results in which the same number of training samples are considered, fitted Q-iteration outperforms the other RL algorithms, the naive and rule-based controls in terms of PV self-consumption and net electricity cost. However, a 7.6% decrease in PV self-consumption and 77% increase in net electricity cost is observed compared to the optimal control. |
13,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Resilient Energy Forecasting: A Robust Optimization Approach, and key words: Resilient energy forecasting, missing data, missing features, robust optimization, robust regression. Abstract: Energy forecasting models deployed in industrial applications face uncertainty w.r.t. data availability, due to network latency, equipment malfunctions or data-integrity attacks. In particular, the case when a subset of features that has been used for model training becomes unavailable when the model is used operationally poses a major challenge to forecasting performance. Ad-hoc solutions, e.g., retraining without the missing features, may work for a small number of features, but they soon become impractical, as the number of models grows exponentially with the number of features. In this work, we present a principled approach to introducing resilience against missing features in energy forecasting applications via robust optimization. Specifically, we formulate a robust regression model that is optimally resilient against missing features at test time, considering both point and probabilistic forecasting. We develop three solution methods for the proposed robust formulation, all leading to Linear Programming problems, with varying degrees of tractability and conservativeness. We provide an extensive empirical validation of the proposed methods in prevalent applications, namely, electricity price, load, wind production, and solar production, forecasting, and we further compare against well-established benchmark models and methods of dealing with missing features, i.e., imputation and retraining. Our results demonstrate that the proposed robust optimization approach outperforms imputation-based models and exhibits similar performance to retraining without the missing features, while also maintaining computational practicality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that introduces resilience against missing features into energy forecasting. |
13,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Design of a Pneumatic Elastomer Robot With Deterministically Adjusted Stiffness, and key words: Bending, Strain, Robots, Fabrication, Pneumatic systems, Tuning, Elongation. Abstract: This letter presents a novel Pneumatic Elastomer Robot (PER), called Deterministically Adjusted Stiffness-Pneumatic Elasotmer Robot (DAS-PER), that can concurrently display preprogrammed elongation and bending behaviors. Our design methodology integrates a comprehensive analytical modeling and additive manufacturing-based fabrication to (i) address current ad-hoc and arduous PERs’ fabrication limitations, and (ii) enable deterministic stiffness and deformation behavior tuning based on the desired application. To thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of the presented modeling and fabrication approaches, based on the developed model, we first designed and fabricated two DAS-PERs with different bending and elongation stiffnesses. Next, we performed experimental studies to thoroughly evaluate and compare the expected and obtained deformation behaviors. Results demonstrated the efficacy of the fabrication procedure and model fidelity for successful tunability of DAS-PERs solely based on adjusting two internal structure diameter parameters. |
13,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiclass Sparse Centroids With Application to Fast Time Series Classification, and key words: Time series analysis, Training, Partitioning algorithms, Feature extraction, Computational efficiency, Binary trees, Task analysis. Abstract: In this article, we propose an efficient multiclass classification scheme based on sparse centroids classifiers. The proposed strategy exhibits linear complexity with respect to both the number of classes and the cardinality of the feature space. The classifier we introduce is based on binary space partitioning, performed by a decision tree where the assignation law at each node is defined via a sparse centroid classifier. We apply the presented strategy to the time series classification problem, showing by experimental evidence that it achieves performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods, but with a significantly lower classification time. The proposed technique can be an effective option in resource-constrained environments where the classification time and the computational cost are critical or, in scenarios, where real-time classification is necessary. |
13,688 | Please write an abstract with title: New thermal neutron scintillators: Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:Ce/sup 3+/ and Cs/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/:Ce/sup 3+/, and key words: Neutrons, Solid scintillation detectors, Luminescence, Gamma rays, Photonic crystals, Electrons, Shape, Pulse shaping methods, Solid state circuits, Phonons. Abstract: The thermal neutron detection properties of Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:0.1%Ce/sup 3+/ and Cs/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/:1%Ce/sup 3+/ single crystals are presented. The compounds show high scintillation photon yields of 70 000 and 88 200 photons emitted per absorbed thermal neutron, respectively. Events caused by primary electrons with energy below 2.9 and 3.4 MeV, respectively, can be separated from neutron-induced events by pulse-height discrimination. For Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:0.1Ce/sup 3+/, due to the presence of a 4-ns fast core-valence luminescence, thermal neutrons and gamma rays can also be discriminated by means of the shape of the scintillation pulse. The main part of the scintillation pulse in Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:0.1%Ce/sup 3+/ is relatively slow, however, Cs/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/:1%Ce/sup 3+/ has a relatively intense component with /spl tau/=85;ns decay time. |
13,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Making IPv6-over-BLE Energy-friendlier: An Adaptive Algorithm for Diverse Traffic, and key words: Adaptive algorithms, Estimation, Switches, Approximation algorithms, Calibration. Abstract: In this paper, a lightweight adaptive algorithm is proposed with the help of which energy-constrained device can switch to one of the predefined optimal connection parameters combination as per the traffic condition. To ensure latency constraint is met for a particular traffic type, a simple latency estimation scheme is also proposed which after calibration produces measurements that closely approximate the ones obtained from corresponding theoretical formulae. Finally, results are provided for how much energy can be saved by implementing the proposed algorithm on real devices. |
13,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Effect of Sports Participation in Promoting the Sense of Belonging of Rural Left-behind Children from the Perspective of Health Dividend Based on SPSS Analysis, and key words: Economics, Pediatrics, Sociology, Education, Mental health, Information management, Statistics. Abstract: Under the background of rapid economic growth in my country, the demand for social development has shifted from “demographic dividend” to “health dividend”. The development of urbanization has formed a special vulnerable group of “left-behind children”. The problems of left-behind children's physical weakness and mental illness will directly affect the quality of my country's health dividend in the future. As a scientific and effective means, sports participation can enhance the collective sense of honor of its members and enhance the sense of psychological belonging. Methods: This article uses the “School Belonging Scale” compiled by Goodenow and the “Positive/Negative Affective Scale for Junior High School Students” compiled by Goodenow to conduct a random sample survey of 176 left-behind children and 182 non-left-behind children, and use analyze the result by the SPSS. Results: 1. LS group and FLS group had statistical significance in sense of belonging and emotion (P<0.01). 2. LS group and FLS group have statistical significance in the sense of belonging and emotion in participating in sports activities (P<0.01). 3. The FLS group has statistical significance in the sense of belonging and emotion in participating in sports activities and not participating in sports activities (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sports participation can enhance the sense of collective belonging of left-behind children and promote the overall physical and mental health of rural left-behind children. |
13,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Commutation Failure Frequency in HVDC Transmission Systems by Means of an Improved Solid-State Fault Current Limiter, and key words: Resistors, Resistance, HVDC transmission, High-voltage techniques, Inverters, Circuit faults, Fault current limiters. Abstract: In the recent decade, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology has become the preferred option for bulk power transmission due to its numerous advantages such as lower losses and less space requirements compared to High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission. However, in order to accelerate the widespread adoption of HVDC systems, some of their technical challenges such as commutation failure need to be resolved. In this study, a Fully Controllable Solid-State Fault Current Limiter (FCSSFCL) is proposed, which is designed based on both fault severity (fault resistance) and fault initiation time. It inserts an adequate number of resistors in the fault current path so that the commutation failure is prevented. The salient feature of the proposed FCSSFCL is that it is fully controllable, and hence it prevents additional power losses in the inverter AC system. The importance of the proposed FCSSFCL becomes more evident in a power system, wherein the inverter supplies more than one AC system. In such a network, insertion of a large resistance by the FCL during a non-severe fault at one of the inverter AC systems leads to the unnecessary reduction of power flow in other non-faulted AC systems. In order to validate the efficacy of the proposed FCSSFCL, several simulations have been performed under different fault types. The simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the commutation failure frequency. |
13,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Active and Robust Twisting Morphing Wings With Geometric Constraints for Flying or Swimming Robots, and key words: Gears, Shafts, Ribs, Robots, Complexity theory, Strain, Robustness. Abstract: Typically, a twisting morphing wing of flying or swimming robots has one spanwise shaft and many ribs, the ribs can swing in their individual planes perpendicular to the shaft or the spanwise direction of the wing, showing different swing angles and different speed ratios with respect to the rotation of the shaft, thus the wing can form various degrees of spanwise twisting as the shaft rotates. While feasible solutions and mechanical implementations via gear transmission with tight geometric constraints are largely unexplored. This article considers the tight geometric constraints for such robotic twisting wing, and provides and particularly expands the analytical feasible solutions for the constraints, as well as provides mechanical implementations for active twisting of the wing that is driven by only one motor installed at the wing base, which implementations are compact with low inertia, low control complexity, and also high robustness that tolerates the deformations (e.g., bending due to load) of the shaft. The results serve as a design guidance and can be used for morphing wings of flying or swimming robots, particularly for accurately active spanwise twisting and large load transmissions to the movable parts. |
13,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Diagnostic of Steel Wire Rope With Passive Magnetic Methods, and key words: Wires, Steel, Magnetometers, Magnetostriction, Probes, Magnetic field measurement, Optical pumping. Abstract: Steel wire ropes in every device, such as lifts, cableways, and hoists used in roped transport devices, are subject to fatigue and cracks. The problem of determining the exact technical condition of the tested wire rope depends on many factors. In this letter, the authors present a novel diagnostic procedure of steel wire rope with passive magnetic methods. This letter examines a new fabric rope and then the same rope with an artificially introduced discontinuity. Based on the research, the authors discuss the magnetic passive technique's future use for nondestructive damage detection methods for steel wire ropes. |
13,694 | Please write an abstract with title: The effects of ionizing radiation on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators: electrostatic, electrothermal, and bimorph, and key words: Ionizing radiation, Microelectromechanical systems, Micromechanical devices, Electrostatic actuators, Electrothermal effects, Pistons, Extraterrestrial measurements, Circuit testing, Capacitance, Voltage. Abstract: The effects of ionizing radiation on the operation of polysilicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electrostatic, electrothermal, and bimorph actuators were examined. All devices were irradiated up to a total ionizing dose of 1 megarad(Si) using both a low energy X-ray source (LEXR) and Cobalt-60 (Co-60) gamma source. The electrostatic actuators exhibited a decrease in capacitance and thereby an increase in voltage per deflection when subjected to the LEXR radiation environment. Devices irradiated with the Co-60 source showed no changes in the capacitance/voltage relationship after irradiation. The electrothermal actuator operation was not affected by exposure to either type of ionizing radiation. The tip deflection measurements of the bimorph actuators showed a slight decrease between pre- and post characterization. |
13,695 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Quality Skin Friction Measurements in 2-D Flows Using Oil Film Interferometry, and key words: Skin, Friction, Petroleum, Interferometry, Equations, Aerodynamics, Stress, Measurement techniques, Testing, Instruments. Abstract: The application of Oil Film Interferometry to three two-dimensional flows is discussed. Specifically, the use of OFI on a hump mounted on a splitter plate, in a wall jet, and on the floor of a boundary layer wind tunnel is presented. These three cases demonstrate the wide range of demands that can be placed on the measurement technique and, in all cases, good quality measurements have been achieved. The one-image analysis technique used to analyze all of the interferograms obtained here is briefly presented. Result from all three cases are then presented and discussed. The objectives of these different tests vary widely from CFD validation to instrumentation development and validation to facility characterization. These results indicate that, at least in two-dimensional flows, OFI may be used effectively in a wide rage of settings. Due to the value of such measurements, I believe that these measurements should become more widespread in the future. Areas for future development are also suggested. |
13,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Strategies for blind transport format detection using cyclic redundancy check in UMTS WCDMA, and key words: Cyclic redundancy check, 3G mobile communication, Multiaccess communication, Convolutional codes, Maximum likelihood decoding, Cities and towns, Communication standards, Degradation, Computational modeling, Computational complexity. Abstract: Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits that are conventionally used for error detection have recently found a new application in UMTS WCDMA standard (specifically, "blind transport format detection") for message length detection of variable-length message communications. Co-worked with the inner convolutional code, it was demonstrated that the CRC bits can simultaneously detect the receiver-unaware length of a message block without much degradation in its error detection capability. In this work, we introduce two novel decoding strategies for joint decoding of the convolutional and the CRC code. Two previous strategies are also quoted for comparison. Simulation results on their error performance and computational complexity are given. |
13,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Control Based on Multi-Agent Deep Q Network for D2D Communication, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Interference, Power control, Throughput, Learning (artificial intelligence), Neural networks, Transmitters. Abstract: In device-to-device (D2D) communication under a cell with resource sharing mode the spectrum resource utilization of the system will be improved. However, if the interference generated by the D2D user is not controlled, the performance of the entire system and the quality of service (QOS) of the cellular user may be degraded. Power control is important because it helps to reduce interference in the system. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm for adaptive power control that helps reduce interference to increase system throughput. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm has better performance than traditional algorithm in LTE (Long Term Evolution). |
13,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Innovation ultra thin packaging for RF-MEMS devices, and key words: Technological innovation, Packaging, Radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems, Silicon, Wafer bonding, Radio frequency, Chemical technology, Chemical processes, Gold, Optical reflection. Abstract: In this paper, we report a novel RF-MEMS packaging technology with lightweight, small size, and short electric path length. To achieve this goal, we used the ultra thin silicon substrate as a packaging substrate. The via holes for vertical feed-through were fabricated on the thin silicon wafer by wet chemical processing. Then, via holes were filled and micro-bumps were fabricated by electroplating. To make up hermetic sealing, metal bonding (Au/Sn-Au) was used in the sealing line. Bonding strength after dipping in the water was about 60Mpa and there was no change. The packaged RF device has a reflection loss under -19 [dB] and a insertion loss of -0.54/spl sim/-0.67 [dB]. These measurements show that we could package the RF device without loss and interference by using the vertical feed-through. Specially, with the ultra thin silicon wafer we can realize of a device package that has low-cost, lightweight and small size. Also, we can extend a 3-D packaging structure by stacking assembled thin packages. |
13,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Operational map-guided classification of SAR sea ice imagery, and key words: Sea ice, Computational Intelligence Society, Labeling, Markov random fields, Synthetic aperture radar, Testing, Image segmentation, Shape, Humans, Information analysis. Abstract: This paper presents a map-guided sea ice classification system built to work in parallel with the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) operations to produce pixel-based ice maps that complement actual "egg code" maps produced by CIS. The system uses the CIS maps as input to guide classification by providing information on the number of ice types and their final label for specific regions. Segmentation is based on a modified adaptive Markov random field (MRF) model that uses synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensities and texture features as input. The ice type labeling is performed automatically by gathering evidences based on a priori information on one or two classes and deducing the other labels iteratively by comparing distributions of segments. Three methods for comparing the segment distributions (Fisher criterion, Mahalanobis distance, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) were implemented and compared. The system is fully described with special attention to the labeling procedure. Examples are presented in the form of two CIS SAR-based ice maps from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence region and one example from the Beaufort Sea. The results indicate that when the segmentation is good, the labeling attains best results (between 71% and 89%) based on evaluation by a sea ice analyst. Some problems remain to be assessed which are primarily attributable to discrepancies in the information provided by the egg code and what is actually visible in the SAR image. Subscale information on floe size and shape available to human analysts, but not in this classification system, also appear to be a critical information for separating some ice types. |
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