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14,500 | Please write an abstract with title: Single mask, large force, and large displacement electrostatic linear inchworm motors, and key words: Electrostatic actuators, Energy efficiency, Micromechanical devices, Thermal force, Voltage, Piezoelectric actuators, Micromotors, Silicon on insulator technology, Electrostatic measurements, Medical services. Abstract: We have demonstrated a family of large force and large displacement electrostatic linear inchworm motors that operate with moderate to high voltages. The inchworm motor design decouples actuator force from total travel and allows the use of electrostatic gap-closing actuators to achieve large force and large displacement while consuming low power. A typical inchworm motor measures 3 mm /spl times/ 1 mm /spl times/ 50 /spl mu/m and can lift over 130 times its own weight. One motor has achieved a travel of 80 /spl mu/m and a calculated force of 260 /spl mu/N at 33 V. The force density of that motor was 87 /spl mu/N/mm/sup 2/ at 33 V and the energy efficiency was estimated at 8%. Another motor displaced the shuttle at an average velocity of almost 4 mm/s and achieved an estimated power density of 190 W/m/sup 3/. Motors were cycled 23.6 million times for over 13.5 h without stiction. This family of motors is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers using a single mask. |
14,501 | Please write an abstract with title: From emergency departments to cottage cheese to fire departments: learning simulation experimentation through WebGPSS, and key words: Dairy products, Fires, Hospitals, Computational modeling, Disaster management, Information management, Management information systems, Educational institutions, Testing, Education. Abstract: An important component of any simulation course is the discussion of experimental design. WebGPSS has been used by the author for two years to discuss experimentation in an introductory course in discrete-event simulation. This paper discusses how to set up simulation experiments using WebGPSS by presenting three business problems whose solutions require careful attention to experimental design. The first problem looks at staffing an emergency department of a hospital with physicians. The second problem involves the optimal method for stocking a perishable food product such as cottage cheese on a supermarket shelf, showing that under realistic conditions, spoilage can be minimized by placing newer containers in the front. The third problem involves analysis of a proposal for two neighboring communities currently operating completely separate fire departments to integrate their two systems in a way that could reduce the amount of time that fires are unattended. |
14,502 | Please write an abstract with title: Wind turbine failure detection based on SCADA data and data mining method, and key words: WINDTURBINE FAILUR DETECTION, DATA MINING, MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE, DENOISING AUTOENCODERS, RECONSTRUCTION ERROR. Abstract: WTFD (Wind Turbine Failure Detection) system is important for improving wind turbine reliability and reducing operation & maintenance cost. A WTFD method using only SCADA data and data mining algorithm is proposed. Firstly, select representative variables from a wide variety of SCADA variables using ARD (Automatic Relevance Determination) method. Then, the denoising autoencoders (DAE) model using the selected variables with sliding window is developed to capture nonlinear correlations among multiple variables and autocorrelation of each variable. Finally, using the Mahalanobs distance (MD) of reconstruction error to make the WTFD. Real world dataset is used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can provide advanced failure alarm for wind turbines many hours before failure happens. The results of our proposed WTFD method can reduce operation & maintenance cost and improve wind turbine reliability. |
14,503 | Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting Knowledge Distillation via Label Smoothing Regularization, and key words: Computational modeling, Smoothing methods, Training, Neural networks, Analytical models, Reliability, Standards. Abstract: Knowledge Distillation (KD) aims to distill the knowledge of a cumbersome teacher model into a lightweight student model. Its success is generally attributed to the privileged information on similarities among categories provided by the teacher model, and in this sense, only strong teacher models are deployed to teach weaker students in practice. In this work, we challenge this common belief by following experimental observations: 1) beyond the acknowledgment that the teacher can improve the student, the student can also enhance the teacher significantly by reversing the KD procedure; 2) a poorly-trained teacher with much lower accuracy than the student can still improve the latter significantly. To explain these observations, we provide a theoretical analysis of the relationships between KD and label smoothing regularization. We prove that 1) KD is a type of learned label smoothing regularization and 2) label smoothing regularization provides a virtual teacher model for KD. From these results, we argue that the success of KD is not fully due to the similarity information between categories from teachers, but also to the regularization of soft targets, which is equally or even more important. Based on these analyses, we further propose a novel Teacher-free Knowledge Distillation (Tf-KD) framework, where a student model learns from itself or manually-designed regularization distribution. The Tf-KD achieves comparable performance with normal KD from a superior teacher, which is well applied when a stronger teacher model is unavailable. Meanwhile, Tf-KD is generic and can be directly deployed for training deep neural networks. Without any extra computation cost, Tf-KD achieves up to 0.65\% improvement on ImageNet over well-established baseline models, which is superior to label smoothing regularization. |
14,504 | Please write an abstract with title: Criteria for the optimal design of magneto-encephalography measurement system, and key words: Magnetic field measurement, Superconducting magnets, In vivo, Monitoring, Brain, Inverse problems, Current measurement, Electric variables measurement, Superconductivity, Interference. Abstract: Magneto-encephalography is a promising technique for the in vivo monitoring of brain activity. The information about neural activity is reconstructed from the electrical current map of the brain, which is in turn deduced, via an inverse problem resolution, from the magnetic field map measured by superconductive quantum interference devices placed around the head. In this paper, a possible strategy to improve the detection ability of the procedure by optimally designing the representation system is proposed and discussed. |
14,505 | Please write an abstract with title: Convoy_DTN: A Security Interaction Engine Design For Digital Twin Network, and key words: Industries, 6G mobile communication, Privacy, Smart cities, Digital twin, Stability analysis, Real-time systems. Abstract: A digital twin is a real-time representation of physical assets in a digital world. In future 6G networks, digital twin as the key technology will be widely used in intelligent manufacturing, smart city and scientific research etc., forwarding the whole society towards a "digital twin" world combining virtualization and reality. Just like the real network, the Digital Twin Network (DTN) will also face security risks and various attacks. In the DTN, the wrong instruction distribution from the twin network to physical network will directly affect the real world and cause chaos, so it is necessary to ensure the security of interaction interface. In this paper, we propose a security interaction engine named Digital Twin Protection Function (DTPF) to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, stability and non-reputation of messages during DTN policy distribution, which can provide a reference for securing the development of DTN. |
14,506 | Please write an abstract with title: Multistatic Noncoherent Linear Complexity Miller Sequence Detection For Gen2 RFID/IoT, and key words: Backscatter, Radio frequency identification, Complexity theory, Protocols, Wireless communication, Receivers, Ethernet, Batteries. Abstract: Passive Gen2 radio frequency identification (RFID) tags work thanks to the utilization of line codes that balance their operation between two opposite states: absorbing RF (for energy harvesting) and reflecting RF (for backscattering/communications). Given the current RF harvesting technology, batteryless tags need to be located very close to an active illuminator in order to harvest sufficient energy and operate. To tackle this limitation, prior art has tried to bring the illuminator closer to the tags by designing proprietary illuminating architectures. Our solution comes in two parts. First, we offer a novel, Gen2-compliant, near-optimal, noncoherent sequence detection algorithm with linear complexity (in the sequence length) for Miller line codes. We leverage the robustness of this algorithm to overcome issues inherent in multistatic setups, such as carrier frequency offset. Second, we propose a modular multistatic architecture that makes use of low-cost commodity software defined radios (SDR) and omnipresent Ethernet infrastructure. Simulations and experimental results in a monostatic, bistatic, or multistatic SDR testbed with commercial RFIDs, corroborate the low-cost, real-time and near-optimal flavor of our solution. |
14,507 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple roles of plasma waves in Geospace, and key words: Satellites, Magnetic field measurement, Sociology, Ions, Plasma measurements, Plasmas, Statistics. Abstract: There are several plasma and particle populations in the Geospace. The plasmasphere consists of cold/dense plasma populations, and the ionosphere is the source of the plasmaspheric plasma. The ring current and plasma sheet energies range from a few keV to about 100 keV, and these populations contribute to the ambient plasma pressure. The energies of the radiation belt particles range from a few hundred keV to more than 10 MeV, which are the highest energy population in geospace. Thus, plasma and particle populations with a wide range of energies from a few eV to more than 10 MeV coexist in the inner magnetosphere. Besides plasma/particle populations, there are different kinds of plasma waves at the wide frequency range from ULF to HF frequency range in geospace. Geospace is often referred as "zoo of plasma waves", i.e., there exist MHD waves in the low-frequency range, ion cyclotron waves, whistler mode waves, free space mode waves, and several kinds of electrostatic waves. These waves work essential roles for dynamical evolutions of plasma/particles in geospace via the cross-energy coupling. The geospace exploration satellite Arase (ERG) has been launched in 2016 and started the prime mission from the end of March 2017 [ Miyoshi et al., 2018 ]. The Arase satellite observes 3-dimenational distribution function and/or pitch angle distribution for wide energy electrons (~20 eV – a few MeV) and ions (10 eV/q – 180 keV/q with mass discriminations. The satellite also measures electric fields from DC to 10 MHz with three different receivers and magnetic fields from DC to 100 kHz with fluxgate and search coil magnetometer [ Kasahara et al., 2018 , Matsuda et al., 2018 , Matsuoka et al., 2018 ]. As an example, heating and acceleration of plasma and energetic electrons and ions are identified by Arase. Arase also observed direct evidence to show scattering of energetic electrons by whistler mode waves, which cause the aurora emissions in the ionosphere. In this presentation, we will show some highlight observations from Arase and discuss future directions of measurement of plasma waves in geospace. |
14,508 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Robust Observer-based DP Control System for an ROV with Unknown Dynamics Including Thruster Allocation, and key words: Robust control, Uncertainty, Attitude control, Observers, Control system synthesis, Control systems, Resource management. Abstract: This paper is concerned with developing a DP control system in the presence of thruster rate limits and saturation constraints. The proposed control system consists of a robust controller together with an extended-state observer (ESO) so that only an acceptable estimate of inertia matrix is required for control system design. Extended-state observer is used to estimate unknown dynamics and velocities of ROV. A robust controller based on sliding mode methods is proposed for DP control system. Furthermore, thrust allocation algorithm is considered in DP control system synthesis to take into account thruster system constraints namely, saturation and rate limits. Three sets of simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control system and comparisons are made with simple PD-type controllers. The results show that thruster constraints have stringent effects on performance of DP control systems. It is also shown that robust controllers maintain better accuracies despite these limits and constraints and compensate for these discrepancies more effectively. |
14,509 | Please write an abstract with title: Closing the power gap between ASIC and custom: an ASIC perspective, and key words: Application specific integrated circuits, Discrete cosine transforms, Fabrication, Integrated circuit synthesis, Design optimization, Energy consumption, Cooling, Permission, Transform coding, Power engineering computing. Abstract: We investigate differences in power between application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and custom integrated circuits, with examples from 0.6/spl mu/m to 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS. A variety of factors cause synthesizable designs to consume /spl times/3 to /spl times/7 more power. We discuss the shortcomings of typical synthesis flows, and changes to tools and standard cell libraries needed to reduce power. Using these methods, we believe that the power gap between ASICs and custom circuits can be closed to within /spl times/2. |
14,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact readout electronics for position sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and key words: Readout electronics, Photomultipliers, Electron tubes, Electronic equipment testing, Electronic circuits, Cancer, Circuit testing, Performance evaluation, Cameras, Crystals. Abstract: Two charge multiplexed readout schemes for position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs) have been developed and evaluated. A two-stage split-charge method is compared to standard positional charge division. The resulting electronic circuits are highly compact and will be initially incorporated into a hand-held gamma ray imager for cancer staging. Electrical tests on the readout electronics are performed and intrinsic scintillation camera performance is evaluated using a 23 /spl times/ 23 array of pixilated 2 /spl times/ 2 /spl times/ 3 mm/sup 3/ LSO crystals coupled to a H8500 flat-panel PSPMT. |
14,511 | Please write an abstract with title: An analysis of notification related specifications for Web/grid applications, and key words: Web services, Subscriptions, Service oriented architecture, Simple object access protocol, Resumes, Laboratories, Middleware, Inspection, Information technology, Filters. Abstract: Notification is especially important in the service oriented architecture (SOA) model engendered by Web services, where Web services interact with each other through the exchange of messages. In this paper we compare and contrast two competing specifications in the area of notifications. The first one, WS-notification, is part of the Web service resource framework (WSRF). The second one is the WS-eventing specification. These specifications are expected to have far reaching implications on the development of asynchronous, complex, dynamic systems. |
14,512 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Diseases Using Different Machine Learning Approaches, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Hospitals, Machine learning, Forestry, Prediction algorithms, Diseases. Abstract: Every year, as the number of patients and diseases increases, the medical system becomes overburdened and, in many nations, expensive. The majority of the condition necessitates a visit with a doctor in order to be treated. With enough data, disease prediction using an algorithm can be simple and inexpensive. Predicting disease based on symptoms is an important element of treatment. In our project, we attempted to accurately forecast an illness based on the patient's symptoms. For this, we utilized four different algorithms and achieved 92-95 percent accuracy. A system like this has a lot of potential in future medical therapy. We've also created an interactive interface to help you interact with the data. |
14,513 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Deep CNN-LSTM Architecture Design for Solar Irradiance Forecasting, and key words: Predictive models, Computer architecture, Forecasting, Deep learning, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms, Solar energy. Abstract: Accurate prediction of solar energy is an important issue for photovoltaic power plants to enable early participation in energy auction industries and cost-effective resource planning. This article introduces a new deep learning-based multistep ahead approach to improve the forecasting performance of global horizontal irradiance (GHI). A deep convolutional long short-term memory is used to extract optimal features for accurate prediction of the GHI. The performance of such deep neural networks directly depends on their architectures. To deal with this problem, a swarm evolutionary optimization method, called the sine-cosine algorithm, is applied and advanced to automatically optimize the network architecture. A three-phase modification model is proposed to increase the diversity of population and avoid premature convergence in the optimization mechanism. The performance of the proposed method is investigated using three datasets collected from three solar stations in the east of the United States. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison to other forecasting models. |
14,514 | Please write an abstract with title: Testing 3G mobile network infrastructures, and key words: 3G mobile communication, Mobile communication, Space technology, System testing, Ecosystems, Protocols, ISDN, Iron, Wireless communication, Roaming. Abstract: This paper discusses requirements and solutions for testing today's early 3G UMTS networks and provides an outlook for the challenges of the years to come. |
14,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Superconducting sector magnets for a flux-coupled isochronous cyclotron stack, and key words: Superconducting magnets, Cyclotrons, Neutrons, Acceleration, Particle beams, Magnetic cores, Inductors, Apertures, Magnetic levitation, Superconducting coils. Abstract: A flux-coupled stack of 800 MeV isochronous cyclotrons is being designed as a basis for accelerator-driven thorium-cycle fission power. The sector magnet consists of a stack of independently suspended cold-iron cores (each with its superconducting coil closely coupled), and a warm-iron flux return that contains and supports the stack of cores. This design makes it feasible to provide multiple independent cyclotrons within a common, compact structure. |
14,516 | Please write an abstract with title: An Inductive Power Transfer System Case Study: Large Gap in Low Power Wireless Power Supply, and key words: Coils, Couplings, Resistance, Consumer electronics, Receivers, Transmitters, Standards. Abstract: Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems offer interesting features for potential users and will probably have a significant impact on the development of new portable electronic devices in the next decade. This paper presents a case study of a large gap inductive power transfer system by analyzing its simplified electronic model. The key elements in an inductive power transfer system are the transmitter and receiver coils. In this case, two coils that comply with the standard Qi were chosen to analyze and prototype the system. The results from the experimental characterization of the coils were used to simulate the electronic model including both primary and secondary sides of the IPT system. Furthermore, a prototype was built in order to validate the simulation model achieving successful results. Finally, the prototype of the IPT system was tested to check its performance at two large distances between the coils. |
14,517 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Rail Crack Defects Based on Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network, and key words: Support vector machines, Rails, Analytical models, Frequency-domain analysis, Artificial neural networks, Feature extraction, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of people's livelihood, it is necessary to grasp the damage degree of the rails in time. In this paper, the most common crack defects in rails are considered as an example. Utilizing the far-field advantage of guided wave detection, experiments and simulations are used to obtain detection signals for eight different depth cracks under multiple excitation/receiving modes. The characteristics of each detection signal are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain, and the 6 best damage feature values are extracted to depict the damage degree. Taking the feature vector as input, the support vector machine model and artificial neural network model for rail damage recognition were constructed respectively. The influence of the hyper-parameters and feature numbers of the two models on the accuracy of the defect recognition model was analyzed to optimize these models. The results is showed that the support vector machine model has superior performance and better recognition effect for rail crack damage under small sample conditions than the artificial neural network model. |
14,518 | Please write an abstract with title: A maximum entropy framework for part-based texture and object recognition, and key words: Entropy, Object recognition, Dictionaries, Image databases, Spatial databases, Visual databases, Image retrieval, Image representation, Image recognition, Robustness. Abstract: This paper presents a probabilistic part-based approach for texture and object recognition. Textures are represented using a part dictionary found by quantizing the appearance of scale- or affine- invariant keypoints. Object classes are represented using a dictionary of composite semi-local parts, or groups of neighboring keypoints with stable and distinctive appearance and geometric layout. A discriminative maximum entropy framework is used to learn the posterior distribution of the class label given the occurrences of parts from the dictionary in the training set. Experiments on two texture and two object databases demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework for visual classification. |
14,519 | Please write an abstract with title: A Theoretical Study on Suboptimal Joint Transmit-Receive Diversity In Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels, and key words: Wireless communication, Correlation, Monte Carlo methods, Closed-form solutions, Array signal processing, Transmitting antennas, Rayleigh channels. Abstract: In optimal joint transmit-receive diversity (JTRD), transmitter and receiver jointly optimize their diversity weight vectors so as to maximize the transmission performance. In this paper, suboptimal JTRD is considered, in which the receiver determines its diversity weight vector first and then, transmitter optimizes its diversity weight vector to maximize the resultant composite channel gain for the given receiver diversity weight vector. Closed-form expressions are derived for the distribution of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in correlated Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown by Monte-Carlo numerical evaluation using the derived closed-form SNR distribution that the fading correlation does not necessarily degrade the transmission performance and can improve it compared to the case of uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. |
14,520 | Please write an abstract with title: Waste Collection & Segregation using Computer Vision and Convolutional Neural Network for Vessels, and key words: Computer vision, Sociology, Feature extraction, Water pollution, Convolutional neural networks, Statistics, Sorting. Abstract: The global crisis of pollution has influenced our lives adversely. Preparing the most salutary in reducing the catastrophe has its dominant necessity. Due to the expanding population, plastics in our neighborhood water bodies have increased for the past ten years, progressing the obligation to clean it up. This work intends towards the analysis of an automatic garbage collection system for a vessel/boat with improved performance. The focus of this paper is the development of a sorting and classification mechanism/model for the collected garbage by the vessel/boat incorporating the application of convolutional neural network (CNN) and computer vision. Using CNN & computer vision, the garbage features can be extracted and can be classified further into biodegradable and non-biodegradable with a prediction accuracy of more than 90%, which can be further increased by increasing the data set quantity for the model. |
14,521 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient series-expansion-based physical model of Er-doped fiber amplifiers, and key words: Semiconductor process modeling, Erbium, Optical design, Integral equations, Optical pumping, Doping profiles, Absorption, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Steady-state, Optical propagation. Abstract: An alternative steady-state model for EDFA's based on Bessel- and Fourier-series expansions of the transverse energy-level densities in an Er-doped fiber is presented. This method is more flexible than the standard Giles model, and potentially more efficient than a full spatial model. |
14,522 | Please write an abstract with title: A Q-learning-based multi-rate transmission control scheme for RRC in WCDMA systems, and key words: Control systems, Multiaccess communication, Radio control, Interference, Learning, Cost function, Function approximation, Feature extraction, State-space methods, Throughput. Abstract: A Q-learning-based multirate transmission control scheme (Q-MRTC) for radio resource control (RRC) in WCDMA systems is proposed. The RRC problem is modelled as a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP). We successfully apply a real-time reinforcement learning algorithm, named Q-learning, to accurately estimate the transmission cost for the multi-rate transmission control. For the cost function approximation, we apply the feature extraction method to map the original state space into a more compact set which represents the resultant interference profile. Simulation results show that the Q-MRTC can achieve higher system throughput and better users' satisfaction index, by an amount of 87% and 50%, respectively, than the interference-based multi-rate transmission control scheme, while keeping the QoS requirement. |
14,523 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial Shape Estimation of a Tendon-Driven Continuum Robotic Arm Using a Vision-Based Algorithm, and key words: Light emitting diodes, Shape, Robot kinematics, Manipulators, Cameras, Estimation. Abstract: Due to the nonlinearity of the continuum manipulators and the absence of direct relation between the actuator space and task space, shape configuration cannot be achieved by knowing the actuator position. To resolve this problem, an estimation algorithm based on vision processing is proposed in this research. In order to estimate the shape of a two-section tendon-driven continuum robotic arm, each section is considered as a circular arc of multiple curvature in the 3D space. To implement the proposed method, few LEDs are implanted along the length of the manipulator; whereas two webcams are used to capture the photos of LEDs which are exploited to determine their position. These positons are next used for shape estimation using the proposed algorithm. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is experimentally evaluated on a calibration setup of the robot and the results are discussed. |
14,524 | Please write an abstract with title: Raspberry Pi Applications in Electronics and Control Laboratories, and key words: Temperature distribution, Remote laboratories, Protocols, Microcontrollers, Engineering profession, Industrial communication, Web servers. Abstract: This paper describes the design and development of a Remote Laboratory based on a single board computer (Raspberry Pi). This lab consist of 3 experiments, each one of them have a controller with different construction or configuration characteristics, allowing users to experiment with electrical and electronic control elements, presenting the possibility of open and closed control loops. |
14,525 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cluster-Based Method for Improving Water Depth Estimation from Satellite Derived Bathymetry, and key words: Satellites, Estimation, Clustering algorithms, Correlation, Remote sensing, Geodesy, Optical imaging. Abstract: In this presented paper, an effort to improve the accuracy of the bathymetric model derived from optical satellite imagery is discussed. According to the previous study, the accuracy approximately measures in 2 m for depth up to 10 m by means of the Global Bathymetric Inversion Methods. Therefore, the improvement is done based on the so-called Cluster-Based Method applied to the analytical and log-ratio methods. The Cluster-Based Method partitions the working area on the by classifying the errors between the known depths and the predicted ones. The data for the known and predicted depths are acquired from the in-situ survey and the Sentinel-2 imagery. Improvement by one-third to the accuracy of the resulting bathymetry is obtained. |
14,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation and analysis of vestigial side band signals, and key words: Signal generators, Signal analysis, Finite impulse response filter, Digital signal processing, Band pass filters, Bandwidth, Digital modulation, Space technology, Frequency conversion, AC generators. Abstract: In this paper, two methods for generating vestigial side band signals are presented and we procedure an accurate analysis of the results by including the laboratory measurements. It is so much important to emphasize that both methods use digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for the optimization of the amplitude and phase imbalance between in-phase and quadrature components and as a consequence, we can obtain the image frequency canceling. A performance comparison of this theoretical and experimental approach is accomplished at the end of this paper. |
14,527 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Optimization of Service Caching Placement and Computation Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Systems, and key words: Task analysis, Servers, Delays, Wireless communication, Resource management, Energy consumption, Optimization. Abstract: In mobile edge computing (MEC) systems, edge service caching refers to pre-storing the necessary programs for executing computation tasks at MEC servers. Service caching effectively reduces the real-time delay/bandwidth cost on acquiring and initializing service applications when computation tasks are offloaded to the MEC servers. The limited caching space at resource-constrained edge servers calls for careful design of caching placement to determine which programs to cache over time. This is in general a complicated problem that highly correlates to the computation offloading decisions of computation tasks, i.e., whether or not to offload a task for edge execution. In this paper, we consider a single edge server that assists a mobile user (MU) in executing a sequence of computation tasks. In particular, the MU can upload and run its customized programs at the edge server, while the server can selectively cache the previously generated programs for future reuse. To minimize the computation delay and energy consumption of the MU, we formulate a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) that jointly optimizes the service caching placement, computation offloading decisions, and system resource allocation (e.g., CPU processing frequency and transmit power of MU). To tackle the problem, we first derive the closed-form expressions of the optimal resource allocation solutions, and subsequently transform the MINLP into an equivalent pure 0-1 integer linear programming (ILP) that is much simpler to solve. To further reduce the complexity in solving the ILP, we exploit the underlying structures of caching causality and task dependency models, and accordingly devise a reduced-complexity alternating minimization technique to update the caching placement and offloading decision alternately. Extensive simulations show that the proposed joint optimization techniques achieve substantial resource savings of the MU compared to other representative benchmark methods considered. |
14,528 | Please write an abstract with title: Sheet-shaped plasma production using microwave-plasma interaction with ECR region, and key words: Production, Plasma density, Plasma waves, Plasma measurements, Electrons, Plasma stability, Shape control, Microwave propagation, Magnetic field measurement, Cyclotrons. Abstract: New phenomena in producing sheet-shaped plasma under electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) condition have been found and investigated by experiment. Sheet-shaped Ar plasma with density of /spl sim/10/sup 18/ m/sup -3/ was successfully obtained at /spl sim/10/sup -3/ torr by using 2.45-GHz microwave with ECR condition. The plasma was generated uniformly and stably in the cross section of 15.5 cm width/spl times/2.0 cm thickness with the use of waveguide of the rectangular cross section under the quartz window in vacuum. The parameter region of stable sheet-shaped plasma production was made clear by experiments clarifying criteria in parameter map. It was found that the magnetic field strength corresponding to the position and the shape of ECR region was the most effective parameter affecting microwave propagation to control the shape of plasma. However, the uniformity of the sheet-shaped plasma width was poor over the distance of microwave wavelength /spl lambda/ under 1 kW of input power. Therefore, it was concluded that the microwave was absorbed quickly near ECR region and hardly propagates farther than /spl sim//spl lambda/ to the direction of perpendicular to the magnetic field. The double sheet-shaped plasma was produced at some region and two peaks were relatively shifted to the direction of E/spl times/B. Also, the condition of sheet-shaped plasma production was different for helium gas. By the electron density measurement and semi-one-dimensional analysis, the differences of ionization cross section and diffusion coefficient perpendicular to the magnetic fields were important factors for electron density and the shape of sheet plasma. The qualitative interpretation of sheet-shaped plasma production is discussed. |
14,529 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection Capability Analysis for AWACS Based on the Doppler Blind Zone Map, and key words: Computer vision, Analytical models, Object detection, Control systems, Planning, Doppler effect, Aircraft. Abstract: In order to carry out omnidirectional, large deep early warning detection of the enemy`s key attacking areas, multi-AWACS cooperation will be studied based on the Doppler blind zone map. The restricted detection area and Doppler blind area are two main factors that affect the detection ability of AWACS aircraft. Considering the important role of the relative radial velocity inflected on the Doppler detection performance of the AWACS, this paper revealed the reasons and changing rules of the relative radial velocity blind area, which are helpful to improve the efficiency of early warning and control aircraft target detection. This paper proposed the definitions of Doppler blind zone and area blind speed probability, and the detection capability of AWACS under two different patrol routes was analyzed. The analysis process can verify the rationality of the results of early warning aircraft route planning, which can significantly guide for early warning aircraft task planning. |
14,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of IT Service Management and ITIL Framework on the Businesses, and key words: Industries, Static VAr compensators, Organizations, Market research, Libraries, Information and communication technology, Best practices. Abstract: The use of information technology (IT) in businesses has increased recently because, today, organizations focus on implementing their services and processes with IT concepts to guarantee the quality of business processes and services. Accordingly, it is important for any organization to use information technology service management to develop its capabilities. ITIL stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library, and it is a collection of best practices for managing information technology and developing IT support and service quality levels. ITIL is the most widely used framework for ensuring that IT services are aligned with business strategy goals, even as those goals shift. When implementing an ITIL system, we should start with the Incident Management Process (IMP). In this paper, the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), as well as its mechanisms and components, are discussed. |
14,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Storm Power Outage Prediction and Verification using NWP Models and Remote Sensing Data, and key words: Storms, Predictive models, Snow, Power system reliability, Wind, Remote sensing, Wind forecasting. Abstract: In this manuscript, we discuss the importance of using accurate weather forecasts based on remote sensing observations for improving the accuracy of electric distribution grid power outage prediction. Weather variable accuracy is critical to limit the significant power outage modeling errors arising from the strong non-linearities in the relationships between hydrometeorological variables and power outages. We consolidate recent findings related to the most important variables for outage prediction, and to the propagation of their uncertainties in the University of Connecticut Outage Prediction Model (UConn-OPM). UConn-OPM is an operational machine learning-based framework predicting power outage in electric distribution networks. Combining remote sensing datasets with weather analysis used for OPM training, and post-storm verification, would directly contribute to improving the OPM prediction accuracy. |
14,532 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time hand gesture telerobotic system using fuzzy c-means clustering, and key words: Real time systems, Telerobotics, Fuzzy systems, Vocabulary, Robot control, Robot vision systems, Communication system control, Control systems, Cameras, Layout. Abstract: This paper describes a teleoperation system in which an articulated robot performs a block pushing task based on hand gesture commands sent through the Internet. A fuzzy c-means clustering method is used to classify hand postures as "gesture commands". The fuzzy recognition system was tested using 20 trials each of a 12-gesture vocabulary. Results revealed an acceptance rate of 99.6% (percent of gestures with a sufficiently large membership value to belong to at least one of the designated classifications), and a recognition accuracy of 100% (the percent of accepted gestures classified correctly). Performance times to carry out the pushing task showed rapid learning, reaching standard times within 4 to 6 trials by an inexperienced operator. |
14,533 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Planar Dual CP MIMO Antenna With Polarization Diversity and High Isolation, and key words: Antenna measurements, Polarization, Patch antennas, Simulation, Antenna feeds, MIMO communication, Antenna arrays. Abstract: In this paper, a low cost planar two-port circularly polarized MIMO patch antenna with the polarization diversity is presented. Three grounded stubs and a mirrored F defected ground slot are used to achieve simultaneous matching and isolation between the two patch and offset feeding for circular polarization. The proposed antenna covering 2.5-2.55 GHz is fabricated and measured. Its measured performance show that and axial ratio for the whole band. Its radiation patterns and gain are also measured and an agreement with the simulation result has been achieved. |
14,534 | Please write an abstract with title: Complex square root with operand prescaling, and key words: Hardware, Arithmetic, Quantum computing, Computer science, Algorithm design and analysis, Delay, Costs, Software standards, Computer aided instruction, Singular value decomposition. Abstract: We propose a radix-r digit-recurrence algorithm for complex square-root. The operand is prescaled to allow the selection of square-root digits by rounding of the residual. This leads to a simple hardware implementation. Moreover, the use of digit recurrence approach allows correct rounding of the result. The algorithm, compatible with the complex division, and its design are described at a high-level. We also give rough comparisons of its latency and cost with respect to implementation based on standard floating-point instructions as used in software routines for complex square root. |
14,535 | Please write an abstract with title: Foreshortening of Microstrip Open Circuits on Alumina Substrates, and key words: Microstrip, Circuits, Pulse compression methods, Dispersion, Transducers, Frequency, Filters, Fingers, Pulse modulation, Pulse amplifiers. Abstract: One particular discontinuity encountered in microstrip circuitry, the end effect of microstrip lines, is discussed. Experimental data of the end effect of 10 microstrip lines are plotted and compared with previously published data. Results reported here are consistent with that which is known about the edge effect of uniform microstrip transmission lines. |
14,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Divide and Conquer: Hierarchical Network and Service Coordination, and key words: Runtime, Network topology, Scalability, Optimization methods, Streaming media, Routing. Abstract: In practical, large-scale networks, services are requested by users across the globe, e.g., for video streaming. Services consist of multiple interconnected components such as microservices in a service mesh. Coordinating these services requires scaling them according to continuously changing user demand, deploying instances at the edge close to their users, and routing traffic efficiently between users and connected instances. Network and service coordination is commonly addressed through centralized approaches, where a single coordinator knows everything and coordinates the entire network globally. While such centralized approaches can reach global optima, they do not scale to large, realistic networks. In contrast, distributed approaches scale well, but sacrifice solution quality due to their limited scope of knowledge and coordination decisions.To this end, we propose a hierarchical coordination approach that combines the good solution quality of centralized approaches with the scalability of distributed approaches. In doing so, we divide the network into multiple hierarchical domains and optimize coordination in a top-down manner. We compare our hierarchical with a centralized approach in an extensive evaluation on a real-world network topology. Our results indicate that hierarchical coordination can find close-to-optimal solutions in a fraction of the runtime of centralized approaches. |
14,537 | Please write an abstract with title: P11073-10420/D4D5, Mar 2020 - IEEE Draft Standard - Health Informatics - Personal Health Device Communication Part 10420: Device Specialization - Body Composition Analyzer, and key words: IEEE Standards, Bioinformatics, Medical devices, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: Within the context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards for device communication, a normative definition of the communication between personal body composition analyzer agents and managers (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set-top boxes) is established by this standard in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviors in telehealth environments to restrict optionality in base frameworks in favor of interoperability. This standard defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth body composition analyzers.In this context, the phrase “body composition analyzer” is used broadly to cover analyzing devices that measure body impedances and compute the various body components including body fat from the impedance. |
14,538 | Please write an abstract with title: Computational decomposition of molecular signatures based on blind source separation of non-negative dependent sources with NMF, and key words: Blind source separation, Independent component analysis, Source separation, Neoplasms, Gene expression, Cancer, Humans, Contamination, Sensitivity and specificity, Electric variables measurement. Abstract: As a common feature in microarray profiling, gene expression profiles represent a composite of more than one distinct sources, which can severely decrease the sensitivity and specificity for the measurement of molecular signatures associated with different disease processes. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a widely applicable approach in blind source separation (BSS) but with limitations that the sources are independent, while a more common situation, which still happens in microarray profiles, is BSS where sources are not statistically independent. A novel idea of BSS is presented: it is a matrix factorization problem without enforcement of statistical characteristics on sources, while blind independent source separation is in fact matrix factorization, to factorize the observation matrix into a mixing matrix and a source matrix where the sources are independent. Since non-negative sources are meaningful in many applications including microarray profiling, we presented that blind non-negative source separation is essentially a matrix factorization, to factorize the observation matrix into a non-negative mixing matrix and a non-negative source matrix where the sources may be dependent. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) technique is applied to this non-negative source separation and is proven by a large number of computer simulations and by partial volume correction (PVC) experiments for real microarray data that it is effective when the sources are dependent with each other and/or are Gaussian distributed. |
14,539 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the response of doubly fed and fixed-speed induction generator wind turbines to changes in network frequency, and key words: Induction generators, Wind turbines, Frequency, Power systems, Control systems, Power system simulation, Kinetic energy, Rotors, Power system control, Torque control. Abstract: Synchronous and fixed-speed induction generators release the kinetic energy of their rotating mass when the power system frequency is reduced. In the case of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines, their control system operates to apply a restraining torque to the rotor according to a predetermined curve with respect to the rotor speed. This control system is not based on the power system frequency and there is negligible contribution to the inertia of the power system. A DFIG control system was modified to introduce inertia response to the DFIG wind turbine. Simulations were used to show that with the proposed control system, the DFIG wind turbine can supply considerably greater kinetic energy than a fixed-speed wind turbine. |
14,540 | Please write an abstract with title: DeCrypto Pro: Deep Learning Based Cryptomining Malware Detection Using Performance Counters, and key words: Cryptography, Computational modeling, Machine learning, Data models, Malware, Predictive models. Abstract: Autonomy in cybersystems depends on their ability to be self-aware by understanding the intent of services and applications that are running on those systems. In case of mission-critical cybersystems that are deployed in dynamic and unpredictable environments, the newly integrated unknown applications or services can either be benign and essential for the mission or they can be cyberattacks. In some cases, these cyberattacks are evasive Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) where the attackers remain undetected for reconnaissance in order to ascertain system features for an attack e.g. Trojan Laziok. In other cases, the attackers can use the system only for computing e.g. cryptomining malware. APTs such as cryptomining malware neither disrupt normal system functionalities nor trigger any warning signs because they simply perform bitwise and cryptographic operations as any other benign compression or encoding application. Thus, it is difficult for defense mechanisms such as antivirus applications to detect these attacks. In this paper, we propose an Operating Context profiling system based on deep neural networks-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks-using Windows Performance Counters data for detecting these evasive cryptomining applications. In addition, we propose Deep Cryptomining Profiler (DeCrypto Pro), a detection system with a novel model selection framework containing a utility function that can select a classification model for behavior profiling from both the light-weight machine learning models (Random Forest and k-Nearest Neighbors) and a deep learning model (LSTM), depending on available computing resources. Given data from performance counters, we show that individual models perform with high accuracy and can be trained with limited training data. We also show that the DeCrypto Profiler framework reduces the use of computational resources and accurately detects cryptomining applications by selecting an appropriate model, given the constraints such as data sample size and system configuration. |
14,541 | Please write an abstract with title: Denial-of-Service Vulnerability of Hash-Based Transaction Sharding: Attack and Countermeasure, and key words: Blockchains, Floods, Throughput, Bitcoin, Security, Denial-of-service attack, Scalability. Abstract: Since 2016, sharding has become an auspicious solution to tackle the scalability issue in legacy blockchain systems. Despite its potential to strongly boost the blockchain throughput, sharding comes with its own security issues. To ease the process of deciding which shard to place transactions, existing sharding protocols use a hash-based transaction sharding in which the hash value of a transaction determines its output shard. Unfortunately, we show that this mechanism opens up a loophole that could be exploited to conduct a single-shard flooding attack, a type of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack, to overwhelm a single shard that ends up reducing the performance of the system as a whole. To counter the single-shard flooding attack, we propose a countermeasure that essentially eliminates the loophole by rejecting the use of hash-based transaction sharding. The countermeasure leverages the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to let blockchain's validators securely execute a transaction sharding algorithm with a negligible overhead. We provide a formal specification for the countermeasure and analyze its security properties in the Universal Composability (UC) framework. Finally, a proof-of-concept is developed to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of our solution. |
14,542 | Please write an abstract with title: New test methodology for resistive open defect detection in memory address decoders, and key words: Decoding, CMOS technology, Semiconductor device testing, Delay, Clocks, Dictionaries, Time to market, Semiconductor memory, Sequential analysis, Laboratories. Abstract: Intra-gate resistive open defects not only cause sequential behaviour in CMOS memory address decoders, but also lead to delay behaviour. This paper evaluates the fault coverage of the resistive open defects in the memory address decoders. It shows that both the strong and the weak open defects are not completely covered by applying the well-known March tests and special test pattern sequences published in the literature. We demonstrate that the fault coverage is increased by varying the duty cycle of the internal clock of the address decoder. For the self-timed memories, we introduce a simple DFT technique to control the duty cycle of the internal clock which activates/deactivates the word lines. Using defect-oriented test, we also created a fault dictionary based on the defect location, transistor types, the terminal name and also the faulty behaviour. The fault dictionary in combination with the bit-map fail data will facilitate the localization of the open defects. |
14,543 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal power-flywheel energy storage combined frequency modulation system participates in primary frequency modulation technology of power grid, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Frequency modulation, Torque, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Power grids, Flywheels. Abstract: In order to improve the frequency stability of the AC-DC hybrid system under high penetration of new energy, the suitability of each characteristic of flywheel energy storage to participate in primary frequency regulation of the grid is explored. In this paper, based on the basic principle of vector control of SVPWM modulation technology, the feedforward current inner loop control method is used to realize the decoupling of dq-axis current, and the flywheel energy storage motor charging composite control strategy based on id=0 and weak magnetic control is adopted for two different modes of constant torque and constant power, respectively. The simulation model of flywheel energy storage is designed and built. By adopting the hybrid control strategy for charging and discharging flywheel energy storage, it is verified that the speed and torque of flywheel motor fluctuate less and have good anti-disturbance characteristics when the disturbance is suddenly added, and it can improve the frequency stability of the grid when applied to the grid frequency regulation. |
14,544 | Please write an abstract with title: Accuracy Analysis of Classical Lamination Theory and Finite Element Method for Fiber Reinforced Composites under Thermomechanical Loading, and key words: Strain, Finite element analysis, Stress, Optical fiber theory, Loading, Solid modeling, Elasticity. Abstract: The most commonly used composite structure is fiber-reinforced composite, which comprises of matrix and fiber. Due to their superior longitudinal strength but poor transverse strength, layers of composites are stacked in different angular orientations to form laminates, further enhancing the mechanical properties in multiple directions. Hence, laminated composites are utilized for various real-world applications such as infrastructure and automobile structure; thus, it is crucial to accurately assess the overall laminate performance under various loading situations. However, the most common approaches for structural analysis of laminated composites such as finite element method and classical lamination theory yield only approximate values. In this study, we explored the discrepancies between stress and strain values calculated by finite element method, classical lamination theory and experimental data. We applied thermomechanical load in different directions on fiber-reinforced single ply and laminated ply with [0°, 90°, 0°], [±45°]4, and [0°, 90°]4 structures. Then, we analyzed the stress-strain, strain-strain and strain-temperature curve to highlight the discrepancy by comparing the slope values. |
14,545 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind equalization of underwater acoustic channel using a novel double mode constant modulus algorithm, and key words: Blind equalizers, Underwater acoustics, Underwater communication, Robustness, Data communication, Computational complexity, Baseband, Bandwidth, Switches, Communication switching. Abstract: A novel double mode constant modulus algorithm (NDMCMA) is presented in this paper to compensate the defects of the least mean Kurtosis constant modulus algorithm (LMKCMA) and the sign algorithm (SA), to effectively utilize the underwater acoustic channel (UWAC) finite bandwidth, and to improve the underwater communication speed. The SA is applied to the LMKCMA and sign LMKCMA (SLMKCMA) is proposed. The SLMKCMA and the LMKCMA are fused to come into being the NDMCMA. Based on the decision of the equalizer's output, iteration process of the NDMCMA switches between the LMKCMA and the SLMKCMA automatically. The NDMCMA is more robust than the SLMKCMA, and more computationally efficient than the LMKCMA. Therefore, it is very suitable for the recovery of the underwater data transmission. The performance of the NDMCMA is proven by computer simulation for the equalization of the UWAC. |
14,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Global exponential periodicity of a class of recurrent neural networks with oscillating parameters and time-varying delays, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Delay effects, Neural networks, Biological system modeling, Associative memory, Stability analysis, Cellular neural networks, Sufficient conditions, Differential equations, Neurons. Abstract: In this paper, we present the analytical results on the global exponential periodicity of a class of recurrent neural networks with oscillating parameters and time-varying delays. Sufficient conditions are derived for ascertaining the existence, uniqueness and global exponential periodicity of the oscillatory solution of such recurrent neural networks by using the comparison principle and mixed monotone operator method. The periodicity results extend or improve existing stability results for the class of recurrent neural networks with and without time delays. |
14,547 | Please write an abstract with title: Preparation by pulsed laser deposition and characterization of ZrO/sub 2/, HfO/sub 2/ and PrO/sub x/ thin films for high-k gate insulator, and key words: Pulsed laser deposition, Optical pulses, Optical films, Hafnium oxide, High K dielectric materials, High-K gate dielectrics, Sputtering, Microscopy, Crystallization, X-ray scattering. Abstract: High-k thin films of ZrO/sub 2/, HfO/sub 2/ PrO/sub x/ of /spl sim/10 nm thickness have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and characterized in microscopic structure and electrical properties. Crystallization is promoted in ZrO/sub 2/ films deposited above 400/spl deg/C, but a significant XRD peak was not observed in the ZrO/sub 2/ film grown below 400/spl deg/C. Moreover, density of the film is confirmed to saturate above 400/spl deg/C by grazing incident angle X-ray reflectance. The leakage current is decreased by increasing growth temperature, but an equivalent-oxide thickness (EOT) obtained from accumulation capacitance of C - V characteristics becomes large. HfO/sub 2/ films show the similar behaviors to ZrO/sub 2/ films. The films deposited at 400/spl deg/C were annealed at 400/spl deg/C in O/sub 2/ gas to reduce the leakage, but the EOTs become large. So, these films were irradiated with oxygen radical at the pressure of 10/sup -3/ Pa both to prevent the growth of interfacial layer and to enhance the oxidation of only the films. Although the leakage of ZrO/sub 2/ films can be reduced by oxygen radical irradiation, only small improvement is observed in the PrO/sub x/ films. |
14,548 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved identification of underground targets using video pulse radars by elimination of undesired natural resonances, and key words: Resonance, Radar scattering, Radar antennas, Radar clutter, Antenna measurements, Difference equations, Resonant frequency, Dipole antennas, Receiving antennas, Laboratories. Abstract: Measured signals from underground scatterers using video pulse radars are corrupted by undesired resonances such as those associated with the antenna and various forms of clutter. Techniques are introduced to remove or suppress the signal associated with these resonances in an effort to enhance the target response. The resonances are suppressed by using a difference equation requiring the knowledge only of the poles of the original scattered signal, which are independent of excitation. |
14,549 | Please write an abstract with title: Preemptable malleable task scheduling problem, and key words: Processor scheduling, Resource management, Complexity theory. Abstract: The problem of optimal scheduling n independent malleable tasks in a parallel processor system is studied. It is assumed that an execution of any task can be preempted and the number of processors allocated to the same task can change during its execution. We present a rectangle packing algorithm, which converts an optimal solution for the relaxed problem, in which the number of processors allocated to a task is not required to be integer, into an optimal solution for the original problem in O(n) time. |
14,550 | Please write an abstract with title: Content-Based TV Sports Video Retrieval Based on Audio-Visual Features and Text Information, and key words: TV, Information retrieval, Content based retrieval, Streaming media, Speech analysis, Information analysis, Database systems, Signal analysis, Speech recognition, Speech processing. Abstract: In this paper, we propose content-based video retrieval, which is a kind of retrieval by its semantical contents. Because video data is composed of multimodal information streams such as visual, auditory and textual streams, we describe a strategy of using multimodal analysis for automatic parsing sports video. The paper first defines the basic structure of sports video database system, and then introduces a new approach that integrates visual streams analysis, speech recognition, speech signal processing and text extraction to realize video retrieval. The experimental results for TV sports video of football games indicate that multimodal analysis is effective for video retrieval by quickly browsing tree-like video clips or inputting keywords within predefined domain. |
14,551 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Deep Generalization of Peripheral EMG-Based Human-Robot Interfacing: A Hybrid Explainable Solution for NeuroRobotic Systems, and key words: Electromyography, Calibration, Robots, Training, Machine learning algorithms, Feature extraction, Deep learning. Abstract: This letter investigates the feasibility of a generalizable solution for human-robot interfaces through peripheral multichannel Electromyography (EMG) recording. We propose a tangential approach in comparison to the literature to minimize the need for (re)calibration of the system for new users. The proposed algorithm decodes the signal space and detects the common underlying global neurophysiological components, which can be detected robustly across various users, minimizing the need for retraining and (re)calibration. The research question is how to go beyond techniques that detect a high number of gestures for a given individual (which requires extensive calibration) and achieve an algorithm that can detect a lower number of classes but without the need for (re)calibration. The outcomes of this letter address a challenge affecting the usability and acceptance of advanced myoelectric prostheses. For this, the paper proposes an explainable generalizable hybrid deep learning architecture that incorporates CNN and LSTM. We also utilize the GradCAM analysis to explain and optimize the structure of the generalized model, securing higher computational performance whiles proposing a shallower design. |
14,552 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel fabrication method of self positioned and focal length tuned microlens, and key words: Fabrication, Lenses, Microoptics, Solids, Electrodes, Polymers, Voltage control, Optical losses, Length measurement, Loss measurement. Abstract: We report a solid microlens with self-positioning and tuned focal length using hydrophobic effects and electrowetting. We propose a novel fabrication method aligning the centers of electrodes and hydrophobic pattern simultaneously using one photomask. The proposed fabrication method offers a solid microlens by using a UV curable polymer. The focal length of the liquid microlens can be tuned to the targeted value by applying voltage to the electrodes before UV exposure solidification. Experiments showed that the tuning range of focal length by using electrowetting is 0.43 mm. It covers the initial focal length deviation 0.21 mm of the microlens. Seven samples showed an initial distribution from 1.78 to 1.58 mm in focal length. Their focal lengths are controlled by applying voltages from 1.77 to 1.82 mm. Volume contraction and following focal length change were evaluated, and optical losses are measured to be 0.92 and 0.49 dB in red and green, respectively. The measured surface roughness is 4 nm, which is applicable to optical micro-systems. |
14,553 | Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study on Compressed Decentralized Stochastic Gradient Algorithms with Overparameterized Models, and key words: Training, Machine learning algorithms, Stochastic processes, Artificial neural networks, Machine learning, Information processing, Optimization. Abstract: This paper considers decentralized optimization with application to machine learning on graphs. The growing size of neural network (NN) models has motivated prior works on decentralized stochastic gradient algorithms to incorporate communication compression. On the other hand, recent works have demonstrated the favorable convergence and generalization properties of overparameterized NN s. In this work, we present an empirical analysis on the performance of compressed decentral-ized stochastic gradient (DSG) algorithms with overparameter-ized NNs. Through simulations on an MPI network environment, we observe that the convergence rates of popular compressed DSG algorithms are robust to the size of NNs. Our findings suggest a gap between theories and practice of the compressed DSG algorithms in the existing literature. |
14,554 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint surface detection and depth estimation from single-photon Lidar data using ensemble estimators, and key words: Reflectivity, Adaptation models, Uncertainty, Laser radar, Three-dimensional displays, Poles and towers, Estimation. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of joint surface detection and depth estimation from single-photon Lidar (SPL) data. Traditional 3D ranging methods for SPL usually perform surface detection and range estimation sequentially to alleviate the computational burden of joint detection and estimation. Adopting a Bayesian formalism, the joint detection/estimation problem is formulated as a single inference problem. To avoid the intractable integrals usually involved with variable marginalization, we consider discrete variables and the resulting problem is recast as a model selection/averaging problem.We illustrate our method for a case where the expected signal-to-background (e.g., the target reflectivity and ambient illumination level) is unknown but the proposed framework can be adapted to more complex problems where the target depth can be obtained by combining several estimators. We demonstrate the additional benefits of the proposed method in also providing a conservative approach to uncertainty quantification of the calculated depth estimates, which can be used for real time analysis. The benefits of the proposed methods are illustrated using synthetic and real SPL data for targets at up to 8.6 km. |
14,555 | Please write an abstract with title: A global systematic review on ecological distribution of European seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus and Hippocampus hippocampus, and key words: Systematics, Conferences, Sociology, Europe, Sea measurements, Algae, Metrology. Abstract: Definition of conservation programs in marine fishes requires comprehensive knowledge on ecological and environmental drivers underlining community dynamics. The ecological distribution of fishes should consider patterns of local distribution and abundance in relation to key environmental variables affecting local populations. Two European seahorse species, Hippocampus guttulatus and Hippocampus hippocampus have often been marginalized, resulting in a lack of data on ecological distribution. In this study, we performed a systematic review using published and unpublished sources concerning the species distribution and environmental data, useful to propose conservation strategies. H guttulatus resulted widely reported in lagoons while H.hippocampus in open sea. The two species showed deep segregation in all habitats, while seagrass and algae resulted as the most used holdfasts in all habitats. |
14,556 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Based Telecom-Customer Churn Prediction, and key words: Telecommunications, Classification algorithms, Decision trees, Random forests, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Industries. Abstract: Customer churn or attrition refers to the percentage of customers who will discontinue with a company's service during a given timeframe. Churn rate is calculated by dividing the number of customers a company lost over a given period of time by the number of retained customers at the beginning of that time period. Churn prediction is a key predictor of the long term success or failure of a Business. In this research, machine learning and deep learning techniques are explored in order to predict telecom customer churn. Ubiquitous techniques like Random Forest Classifiers and SVMs are compared with relatively newer architectures like XGBoost and Deep Neural networks to classify if a customer will churn or not. The efficiency of these models are further explored by passing them through a grid search. From this experiment, it could be inferred the Random Forest model works best for this particular use case with a prediction accuracy of 90.96% on the testing data before grid searh. |
14,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Reanalysis of "Nash equilibrium bidding strategies in a bilateral electricity market", and key words: Nash equilibrium, Costs, Electricity supply industry, Power generation, Power system modeling, Counting circuits, Game theory, Terminology, Load modeling. Abstract: We reanalyze a bilateral electricity market model, previously presented in , where suppliers own multiple generators. We clarify some implicit assumptions in the model and prove that, under one detailed specification of the assumptions, the previously suggested Nash equilibria for the model are inconsistent with the definition of Nash equilibrium. We discuss the implications and comment on the relationship to multiple unit auction theory. |
14,558 | Please write an abstract with title: A Unified Variational Solution to Microstrip Array Problems, and key words: Microstrip antenna arrays, Optical resonators, Capacitance, Strips, Optical interferometry, Mirrors, Electromagnetic propagation, Optical propagation, Optimized production technology, Stripline. Abstract: A very general variational procedure is used to compute single or coupled microstrips under the quasi-TEM approximation. The capacitance model is found by means of a unique fundamental cell. The method is essentially an extension of Smith's, but may be used to study a wider variety of problems, such as nonuniform strip arrays, coplanar striplines, and broad-side coupled strips. Moreover, it is also possible to compute the coupling capacitance between nonadjacent strips. |
14,559 | Please write an abstract with title: A loop antenna for WLAN application, and key words: Wireless LAN, Conductors, Antenna feeds, Frequency, Application software, Computer aided manufacturing, Impedance matching, Antenna measurements, Communication industry, Computer industry. Abstract: With low cost requirement for wireless LAN application, lots of communication manufacturer build the wireless LAN devices into a notebook. It will be a difficult job to design an antenna on the limited notebook space. Recently, the usual wireless LAN antenna design is an inverted-F planar antenna (PIFA) [Wong, 2003 and Su et al., 2004], which can be easily embedded in communication product as compared with the monopole antenna that is extremely good for the appearance of product. However, the antenna gain of the FIPA is about 2 dBi, will reduced the distance for transmitting and receiving. For solve the problem above, we propose a novel loop antenna design to use a narrower width loop conductor, which can improve the radiation performance at horizontal plane and can be implemented simplified. In addition, choose the proper dimension of the feeding metal strip can obtain a good impedance matching, and can reduce the distance from the conducting plate effectively. Details of the designs with the loop antenna and experimental results are presented and discussed. |
14,560 | Please write an abstract with title: Work-arounds, make-work, and kludges, and key words: Dictionaries, Libraries, Cognition, Wikipedia, Encyclopedias, Programming, Human computer interaction, Terminology, Information technology, Hardware. Abstract: Paradigms are often defined partly in terms of what they are not, or in terms of what they are reacting against. The paradigm of human-centered computing is no exception. We discuss about a user-hostile system. We decided that the terms kludge and work-around, and also the related concept of make-work, has yet to be clearly defined for the intelligent systems community. Human-centered systems are different from user-hostile systems as well as from systems based on a designer-centered approach. We try to clarify the senses of these three terms and suggest ways we might study work-around, make-work, and kludges as an integral part of human-computer systems-rather than as embarrassing necessities that are best swept under the computing research rug. |
14,561 | Please write an abstract with title: The Catmull-Clark subdivision scheme based on an improved graph rotation system, and key words: Graph theory, Geometric modeling, Data structures, Image edge analysis, Mesh generation. Abstract: Graph rotation system is introduced recently as a new shape modeling method. It can guarantee the 2-mainfold property of a mesh while we change the topology of the mesh, and has the advantage of the simplicity of creating an artistic graph. A new data structure doubly linked face list is proposed, which can implement the operations of graph rotation system efficiently. However, the original edge operations of it cannot change the number of vertices of a mesh. Using point-sphere, the operations of edge can change the number, but the efficiency is not high. In this paper, the edge operations are modified to improve the efficiency. With this improvement, the algorithm of Catmull-Clark scheme based on graph rotation system is given. At the same time, an interactive shape modeling system based on graph rotation system is given. |
14,562 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust vehicle pose estimation from vision and INS fusion, and key words: Roads, Global Positioning System, Cameras, Sensors, Pose estimation, Estimation, Receivers. Abstract: The vehicle relative pose, referenced to road boundaries or lanes, is fundamental for an autonomous driving vehicle to perform motion planning. The estimate of relative pose includes the difference between the car heading angle and road center-line direction (i.e., the relative heading angle), together with the lateral displacement of the vehicle from the road center-line. This information can be equally derived by an inertial navigation system equipped with GPS receivers or by a vision system based on cameras. However, both solutions present some disadvantages. GPS-based estimates of heading angle shows loss of accuracy during low-speed manoeuvres or within tunnels. On the other hand, a line-fitting based estimation typical of vision systems suffers from lines accuracy, and they are hard to be implemented in an urban environment or high-curvature track scenarios. This work presents an innovative integrated algorithm that fuses those two approaches, providing vehicle relative pose with respect to road lane combining data coming from an inertial navigation system and a line detection algorithm. This integrated solution is then able to always feed the panning algorithm with an accurate estimate of the vehicle pose in multiple challenging scenarios. |
14,563 | Please write an abstract with title: Audit-trail-based modelling of the decision-making process in Management and Accounting using sensitivity analysis, and key words: Decision making, Sensitivity analysis, Humans, Multidimensional systems, Data mining, Expert systems, Hybrid intelligent systems, Process control, Control systems, Procurement. Abstract: In a behavioural and organisational context, complex problems that reflect the multidimensional attributes of human activity inevitably arise and have to be addressed. In an attempt to model human decision-making behaviour, the vast number of potential parameters raises the question of how this complexity can be harnessed. This paper proposes a data-driven approach, with which dependencies or associations are extracted from the data itself. The complex and dynamic nature of modern business processes makes this approach more suitable, as the design of competent rule-based models or expert systems would be cumbersome, expensive or even infeasible. A hybrid behaviour-modelling method, based on both statistical component analysis and sensitivity analysis, is proposed to directly model decision behaviour. The derived model is the outcome of an optimisation process, where model-data matching is maximised in terms of known, pre-defined criteria. The implementation of the proposed intelligent system as an integral part of real-life business/accounting activity is discussed, and its capability to provide intelligent support to the decision making and internal control processes in management and accounting is demonstrated using realistic data from a business procurement application. |
14,564 | Please write an abstract with title: Average Peak Age of Information in the Cognitive IoT Systems with Prediction, and key words: Performance evaluation, Wireless communication, Analytical models, Error probability, Predictive models, Signal processing, Information age. Abstract: This paper is motivated by the high information freshness requirement of some status update applications in the cognitive Internet of Things (IoT). The recently proposed metric, age of information (AoI), is adopted to characterize the status update performance. We propose a novel prediction based status update scheme to improve the status update performance for unauthorized users in the cognitive IoT. Due to the limited spectrum resources, a machine type communication (MTC) device, as the unauthorized user, reuses the channel of the primary user under overlay mode, and sends status packets to a central controller (CC). We analyze the prediction and decoding performance for the MTC, and derive the closed-form expression of the average peak AoI at the CC. Simulation and numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and show that the proposed prediction based status update method outperforms the traditional status update methods without prediction. |
14,565 | Please write an abstract with title: P2142.1/D3, Nov 2020 - IEEE Approved Draft Recommended Practice for E-Invoice Business Using Blockchain Technology, and key words: IEEE Standards, Blockchain, Business, Electronic commerce. Abstract: Described in this standard is the blockchain-based application reference architecture of e-invoice business, including roles of participants, typical business scenarios, platform frameworks, and security requirements. |
14,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Sensitivity Based Key Parameters Analysis for Low Voltage Ride Through of Photovoltaic Power Station, and key words: Photovoltaic power plant, LVRT, Trajectory sensitivity. Abstract: With a large-scale photovoltaic(PV) power plant connected to the grid, it is important to master the low-voltage ride-through(LVRT) characteristics and key control parameters of the PV inverter to analyze the impact of the PV power plant on the grid. The active and reactive power control strategies during normal operation of the PV power plant and the active and reactive power control strategies under fault conditions are analyzed. Then a typical LVRT scenario is constructed according to the LVRT test requirements of the PV plant, and the trajectory sensitivity of each control parameter is calculated. Finally, the average sensitivity during fault ride-through and during power recovery is calculated to obtain the key parameters of LVRT for PV plants. |
14,567 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayered and columnar competitive networks for spoken word recognition, and key words: Feature extraction, Least squares methods, Linear predictive coding, Data mining, Vector quantization, Signal processing, Lattices, Ear, Function approximation, Speech processing. Abstract: We have presented a multilayered and columnar competitive network involving competitive associative nets (CANs) and adaptive vector quantization nets (AVQNs) for spoken word recognition. Although the network has shown good performance in recognition rate, it requires a relatively large calculation time owing to the CANs. So, here, we present a new network replacing the CANs by a conventional feature extractor and an additional AVQNs, where as the feature extractor we use one of the three conventional methods: RLS (recursive least squares) for extracting LPCs, LSL (least squares lattice) for PARCOR coefficients, and normalized LSL for normalized PARCOR coefficients. As a result of experiments, the normalized LSL shows almost the same performance as the original network in recognition rate while reducing the calculation time. |
14,568 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of non-magnetic temperature control system for alkali vapor cell of NMRG, and key words: Heating systems, Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Stability analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Gyroscopes, Circuit stability. Abstract: Aiming at the requirement of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope for high precision temperature and magnetic field environment, a non-magnetic temperature control system for alkali vapor cell is designed. Four sides of the cell are selected as heating surfaces to obtain the most uniform temperature field. A non-magnetic heating device driven by high frequency sinusoidal alternating current is designed. The temperature measurement unit is built by platinum thermal resistance PT1000 and a digital closed-loop control circuit is designed based on FPGA and DSP. The simulation and experiment show that the stability of the vapor cell temperature is better than 0.04°C and the additional magnetic field is lower than 1nT, which verifies the validity of the system. |
14,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Power-Efficient Trajectory Adjustment and Temporal Routing for Multi-UAV Networks, and key words: Sensors, Trajectory, Routing protocols, Energy conservation, Wireless sensor networks, Minimization, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: This work proposes power-efficient trajectory adjustment and temporal routing algorithms for a network of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) deployed to gather data from underlying sensors in the field. To stay afloat, each UAV follows a circular trajectory above its responsible service area with a radius that can be adjusted to reduce its propulsion energy consumption. The data gathered by the UAVs are sent to the data-gathering node using multihop transmissions over other circulating UAVs. First, given the multihop transmission paths from all UAVs to the data-gathering node, power-efficient flight-radius adjustment strategies are proposed based on the total power minimization and lifetime maximization criteria while maintaining connectivity over the multihop paths. Then, by establishing the relationship between routing in UAV networks and that in general temporal graphs, we propose a power-efficient (PE) temporal path algorithm based on the minimization of the total pair-wise flight power consumption among consecutive UAVs on the path. Finally, we propose an iterative procedure to refine the initial phases of the UAVs' circular trajectories to further improve the power efficiency. Computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of both total power minimization and lifetime maximization. |
14,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Autosoccer: An Automatic Soccer Live Broadcasting Generator, and key words: Visualization, Semantics, Pipelines, Graphics processing units, Broadcasting, Streaming media, Real-time systems. Abstract: Low-cost live broadcasting is highly anticipated for soccer matches that involve heavy expenses in human and equipment currently. This demo showcases the autoSoccer system to approach the target. It takes a fix-view panoramic soccer video as the input and automatically generates its live broadcasting, which continuously focuses on the most interesting area in the soccer field. To this end, a novel pipeline is developed by leveraging both low-level motion and visual features, and high-level soccer-related semantics. By appropriately utilizing these clues, autoSoccer is capable of delivering a soccer match video analogous to human directed. Demo on school soccer show that autoSoccer produces videos with satisfactory watching experience. Moreover, it executes in real-time on a PC with Intel i7 CPU and one Nvidia Titan XP GPU. |
14,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Measuring Information Leakage in Non-stochastic Brute-Force Guessing, and key words: Privacy, Conferences, Random variables, Complexity theory, Information theory. Abstract: We propose an operational measure of information leakage in a non-stochastic setting to formalize privacy against a brute-force guessing adversary. We use uncertain variables, non-probabilistic counterparts of random variables, to construct a guessing framework in which an adversary is interested in determining private information based on uncertain reports. We consider brute-force trial-and-error guessing in which an adversary can potentially check all the possibilities of the private information that are compatible with the available outputs to find the actual private realization. The ratio of the worst-case number of guesses for the adversary in the presence of the output and in the absence of it captures the reduction in the adversary’s guessing complexity and is thus used as a measure of private information leakage. We investigate the relationship between the newly-developed measure of information leakage with maximin information and stochastic maximal leakage that are shown to arise in one-shot guessing. |
14,572 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Android-Based Navigation using Fuzzy Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter, and key words: Location awareness, Wireless communication, Global navigation satellite system, Satellites, Adaptive systems, Instruments, Millimeter wave technology. Abstract: Inertial navigation systems (INSs) can be considered as one of the key features of the current state-of-art navigation systems. In this regard, we propose an INS/Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) navigation system that is based on a FUZZY adaptive Extended Kalman filtering estimation. We have tested our proposed scheme using real experimental data that are obtained from low-cost instruments. Our results showed that the proposed scheme has achieved a better accuracy when compared with the state-of-art extended Kalman filter (EKF) navigation. |
14,573 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of rules using subtractive clustering with application to fuzzy controllers, and key words: Fuzzy control, Fuzzy logic, Clustering algorithms, Data mining, Fuzzy sets, Application software, Error correction, Analytical models, Fuzzy systems, Control systems. Abstract: The common way of developing fuzzy controller is by determining the rule base and some appropriate fuzzy sets over the controller's input and output ranges. A simple and efficient approach, namely, fuzzy subtractive clustering is used here. This approach is used to minimize the number of rules of fuzzy logic controllers. The rule extraction method based on estimating clusters in the numerical data; each cluster obtained corresponds to a fuzzy rule that relates a region in the input space to an output region. The rule base is defined on error and change in error of the controlled variable using the most natural and unbiased membership functions. The simulation analysis on a wide range of processes is carried out. The clustering based fuzzy logic controllers is compared with those of conventional fuzzy logic controllers. The fuzzy subtractive clustering approach is shown to reduce 49 rules to 8 rules maintaining almost the same level of performance. |
14,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Integration of automatic train control system, and key words: Automatic control, Control systems, Logic devices, Circuits, Automatic logic units, Computer science, Testing, Signal detection, Monitoring, Wheels. Abstract: In current automatic train control system, the central ATC logic device produces position of each train and calculates permissible speed of each blocking section. Therefore the central logic device controls speed of all trains. On the other hand, in the new system proposed by this paper, there is no logical central device and train can run completely autonomously. In the changing period of current ATC to the new system, we integrate these two heterogeneous systems. For getting the assurance high, the test is very important. Comparing with the conventional method, this paper proposes a high assurance method. |
14,575 | Please write an abstract with title: VOLUNTEERED REMOTE SENSING USING HANDHELD CAMERAS IN A PASSENGER AIRCRAFT, and key words: Cameras, Remote sensing, Aircraft, Image resolution, Clouds, Airports, Imaging. Abstract: Remote sensing satellites are playing very important roles in diverse earth observation fields. However, long revisit period, high cost and dense cloud cover have been the main drawbacks of satellite remote sensing for a long time. This paper introduces the novel volunteered passenger aircraft remote sensing (VPARS) concept, which can partly overcome these problems. By obtaining aerial imaging data from passengers using a portable smartphone on a passenger aircraft, it has various advantages including low cost, high revisit, dense coverage, and partial anti-cloud, which can well complement conventional remote sensing data. This paper also examines several issues associated with this concept: why is the type of data needed, how can it be consistently acquired, what are some rules that should be used to acquire the data, what pre-processing is needed, what are some application that could benefit from the data and what are the limitations and pitfalls? |
14,576 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Trespasser Detection System using Video Surveillance Data, and key words: Shape, Image color analysis, Cameras, Object detection, Artificial intelligence, Video surveillance, Image segmentation. Abstract: Today video surveillance applications are not only enough for object monitoring and recording but also necessary for object detection and decision making to prevent and alert unauthorized cases. The main objective of the paper is to detect a person who is passing through into a restricted area. In this paper, there are two main stages, the first stages is human detection and classification. The second stage is the detection of the passing across in a restricted area. In this proposed technique, human motion detection and tracking is implemented using Gaussian Mixture Model. Arbitrary restricted region can be drawn as polygon shape on input surveillance video clip. By comparing the foreground motion object region and the restricted region area, the pass cross event of the motion object can be detected. The accuracy and performance of the proposed technique is proved with various experimental results. |
14,577 | Please write an abstract with title: Mangrove Forest Cover Change (1947-2018) at The River Mouth Section of The Jaro Floodway, Iloilo City, Philippines, and key words: Earth, Irrigation, Artificial satellites, Urban areas, Mouth, Rivers, Remote sensing. Abstract: The construction of the Jaro Floodway in 2012 resulted to a rapid progradation of the shoreline in 8 years. This study examined the long- and short-term changes in area covered by mangroves at the river mouth area of this flood canal by utilizing historical maps (1947 and 1988), and Landsat images. A total of 44 Landsat images were used that covered the time periods 1998, 2000-2001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010-2011, 2013-2014, 2016, and 2018. Five images were used for each time period and the mangrove cover for each image was determined by using a supervised classification scheme. The set of rasters for each time period was then averaged to generate the final classification map. From 1947 to 1988, mangrove cover increased from 7.01 to 43.83 ha as a result of channel avulsion of the Jaro River due to fishpond construction at the former river mouth. However, it started to decrease until 2008 (3.42 ha) due to widespread fishpond conversion. Then, it rapidly increased to 40.05 ha in 2018. This increase is primarily attributed to the rapid expansion of the intertidal zone in the discharge area of the Jaro Floodway which is due to high sedimentation and low accommodation space. |
14,578 | Please write an abstract with title: Combination of the Microfluidic System and NiO Uric Acid Biosensor Modified by Ag Nanomaterials, and key words: Biosensors, Calibration, Voltage measurement, Silver, Hysteresis, Instruments, Circuit stability. Abstract: There are relatively few studies into the uric acid biosensors that are modified with silver nanomaterials, have high selectivity for analytes and are potentiometric uric acid biosensors. Howerver, many studies have shown that using nanomaterials can possibly results in a greatly enhanced sensitivity. For this reason, it helps better keep the activity of an enzyme. In this study, we used the silver nanowires (AgNWs) to modify the NiO uric acid biosensor, which improved the sensing characteristic of the biosensor. Adding the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could not only increase the adsorption with the enzyme but also keep the activity of an enzyme. These two silver nanomaterials were modified in the biosensor. This greatly improves the sensitivity help maintain the activity of the enzyme. Besides, we modified the calibration circuit for the drift effect and hysteresis effect. Based on the results, using the calibration circuits could improve the drift rate and the hysteresis voltage of the NiO flexible arrayed uric acid biosensors. This at least improved the drift rate by about 70 %, the hysteresis voltage by about 20 %, respectively. |
14,579 | Please write an abstract with title: A simple monolithically integrated optical receiver consisting of an optical preamplifier and a p-i-n photodiode, and key words: Optical receivers, Integrated optics, Preamplifiers, PIN photodiodes, Stimulated emission, Optical devices, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Photodetectors, Capacitive sensors, Optical detectors. Abstract: We demonstrate a monolithic optical receiver consisting of the integration of a semiconductor optical amplifier and a p-i-n photodetector based on asymmetric twin-waveguide technology. Multiple quantum wells with 1% compressive strain are used for both optical amplification and detection. The device has a peak external responsivity of 8.2/spl plusmn/0.4 A/W (/spl sim/9-dB fiber-to-detector gain), and a 3-dB optical bandwidth of 11/spl plusmn/1GHz, equivalent to a 265-GHz gain-bandwidth product. The efficient coupling of light between individual optical components is achieved by a lateral adiabatic taper that reduces the fabrication complexity. This work represents a considerable simplification over previously demonstrated high-performance integrated optical receivers. |
14,580 | Please write an abstract with title: A Medium Power Solid State Amplifier for V-Band, and key words: Solid state circuits, Power amplifiers, Diodes, Bandwidth, Broadband amplifiers, Gunn devices, Power generation, Gain, Indium phosphide, Radiofrequency amplifiers. Abstract: A solid state amplifier for the 54 to 58 GHz band is described. The amplifier uses two layer InP Gunn devices. Three stages of amplification provide an output power of 100 mW at a gain of 15 dB. The small signal gain is 30 dB; the noise figure is in the 15.5 to 16.5 dB range. The design of a broadband low-loss V-band circulator, which was used in the amplifier, is also described. |
14,581 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual DataStack for Application Domains: Concepts, Challenges and Generation Techniques, and key words: Data models, Software, Real-time systems, Structured Query Language, Generators, Computational modeling, Object oriented modeling. Abstract: Dataset plays a major role in evaluating Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Business Intelligence (BI) and enterprise software. To prove the efficacy of any algorithm / software and also its limitation with respect to the size of the input data, it has to be exercised on a large dataset. Creating such a large dataset is a challenging task especially with near real time data. In this paper, a layered architecture to construct Virtual DataStack (VDS) is proposed. The VDS contains near real time synthetic virtual datasets (specific to a particular domain) along with other components that comprises the generation of datasets. Virtual DataStack for CampusStack (academic campus management) domain has been generated and results prove that Query Inclusive Computational Logic reduces lines of code as well as the time taken significantly. This paper focuses mainly on efficient generation of near real time data for enterprise domains with a specific attention to Education Domain and CampusStack. |
14,582 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low-Profile High-Gain Multi-Beam Antenna Based on Cylindrical Metasurface Luneburg Lens, and key words: Costs, Three-dimensional displays, Transforms, Radar antennas, Metasurfaces, Aperture antennas, Radar applications. Abstract: A multi-beam antenna is present in this paper based on a cylindrical metasurface Luneburg lens. The antenna is composed of a flat Luneburg lens beamforming network (BFN) and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array. The LWA array is placed on the top of the BFN, several coupled slots are used to transform the field from the bottom BFN to the top radiator. The multi-layer design greatly miniature the size of the antenna. The flat cylindrical Luneburg lens is realized by an air full parallel plate waveguide (PPW) with non-uniform circular slots on the bottom metallic plate, and the diameters of the circular slot can adjust the effective refractive index distribution in the PPW. The sources at different positions of the focal plane can generate different phase gradients to the LWA array by the Luneburg lens. Hence, the proposed antenna can realize a passive beam scanning capability by the ports switching. In our simulation, the antenna can achieve seven beams with a ±28° beam scanning range within the operating bandwidth of 5.73-5.9GHz. The gain, side lobe level (SLL), and crossover level of the 7 beams are around 25dB, -11dB and -4dB in the simulated results, respectively. The advantages including low profile, low cost and passive beam scanning capability make it a very promising solution for communication and radar applications. |
14,583 | Please write an abstract with title: "Isotropy" and antenna gain, and key words: Directive antennas, Antenna radiation patterns, Satellite antennas, Antenna measurements, Dipole antennas, Gain measurement, Satellite broadcasting, Telemetry. Abstract: Antenna systems with isotropic radiation pattern will often be required for aircraft, rockets, and satellites. However, for characterizing the "roundness" or better the "isotropy" of the pattern, which is the most important factor of such an antenna, there is no weldle fined number, as we have the gain for directive antennas. In many cases, e.g. in telemetry systems, a deep, but very narrow minimum in the pattern of the on-board antenna does not affect the radio link condiserably. Therefore, the deepest minimum cannot be used for characterizing such a pattern by one numerical value. |
14,584 | Please write an abstract with title: Gait Analysis and Realization of Quadruped Bionic Robot with 8 Degrees of Freedom, and key words: Legged locomotion, Electrical engineering, Three-dimensional displays, Gears, Conferences, Computational modeling, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Since the quadruped bionic robot can be widely applied to different terrains, the research on it has always been the focus of robotics-related field. This paper designs a quadruped bionic robot with 8 degrees of freedom. We analyze stability and movement speed of the robot in different gaits. The gait focuses on crawl in triangular gait and trot in diagonal gait. In the case of using 8 degrees of freedom (two per leg), through gait analysis, 3D modeling, physical testing and using larger sole to improve stability, the designed quadruped robot can achieve stable and fast movement. |
14,585 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Self-Discharge Measurements of Lithium-Ion Cells and Comparison to Modeling, and key words: Temperature measurement, Resistance, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Current measurement, Battery charge measurement, Discharges (electric). Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most relevant energy storage solution for a wide field of applications starting from mobile communication and going to high power applications in electric vehicles. To assess the quality of a LIB either during production or in post-production, its self- discharge rate is an important parameter. Here we present a new method for precise potentiostatic self-discharge measurements (SDMs) that is very sensitive and considerably faster than other currently available methods. We validated the new SDM by measuring ten commercial 3000 mAh 21700 LIBs resulting in roughly 3 μA self-discharge current with a noise level of 0.1 μA, at 60% state of charge (SoC). Higher self- discharge currents of about 40 μA were observed at a higher SoC of 80%. To model the SDM, the electrochemical processes are coupled with a 3D temperature FEM and an electric circuit model of the cell self-discharge, resulting in a good overlap and a quantitative value of the LIB self-discharge resistance. Furthermore, we tested a realistic physical self-discharge scenario of the formation of Lithium dendrites by comparing experimental and modelled self-discharge resistance values. |
14,586 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel compact rectifier utilizing harmonic waves for direction alignment of MPT system, and key words: Matched filters, Rectennas, Rectifiers, Harmonic analysis, Impedance, Microwave filters, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: A novel compact rectifier utilizing two harmonic waves for direction alignment of MPT system is proposed. The rectifier consists of a T-type match network, a shunt diode and a dc-pass filter. By designing the harmonics impedance of the dc-pass filter and the input impedance match network, the rectifier can utilize the second and third harmonics simultaneously. Simulation results show that the rectifying efficiency is 73.3%, and the second and third harmonics amplitude are -2.4dBm and 0.4dBm respectively, when the input power is 19.3dBm. This rectifier could be applied in distance estimation and direction alignment of the rectenna for a MPT system. |
14,587 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Cancer Drug Response Using an Adapted Deep Neural Network Model, and key words: Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Predictive models, Cancer drugs, Feature extraction, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Recent advancements in biotechnology have contributed to the concept of precision oncology through the application of machine learning algorithms. The proposed work focuses on the improvement of a novel Deep Learning model, known as Reference drug-based Deep Neural Network (RefDNN), applied to the prediction of cancer drug response. The model utilizes drug's structure similarity profiles (SSP) to describe the similarity between different reference cancer drugs and uses an SSP vector to weigh the pre-predicted drug response probability obtained by the use of Elastic Net (EN), with the weighted response to be the input of the Deep Neural Network. The prediction performance of RefDNN has been improved by adding a t- distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) based feature extraction estimator, through the integration of gene expression, copy number variants (CNV) and mutation data. This adaptation was used to characterise the model and customize the prediction procedure based on cell line data to provide more precise and time-efficient results. The performance of the proposed system was based on a 5-fold cross validation and was compared to the original RefDNN model, showing significant improvements in accuracy and reduction of the computational processing time. |
14,588 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards an Automatic Identification of Microservices from Business Processes, and key words: Conferences, Semantics, Collaboration, Clustering algorithms, Data models, Business. Abstract: Microservices have emerged as an alternative solution to many existing technologies allowing to break monolithic applications into “small” fine-grained, highly-cohesive, and loosely-coupled units. However, identifying microservices remains a challenge that could undermine this migration success. This paper proposes an approach for microservices automatic-identification from a set of business processes (BP). The approach is multi-models combining different independent models that represent a BP's control dependencies, data dependencies, semantic dependencies, respectively. the approach is also based on collaborative clustering. A case study about renting bikes is adopted to illustrate and demonstrate the approach. In term of precision, the results show how BPs as inputs permit to generate better microservices compared to other approaches discussed in the paper, as well. |
14,589 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Allocation Assisted New Control Jamming Scheme For NOMA Enabled AF Relay Network, and key words: NOMA, Simulation, Relay networks (telecommunication), Physical layer security, Resource management, Jamming, Eavesdropping. Abstract: This paper presents a new control jamming (CJ) scheme for AF relay aided NOMA network with optimal power allocation. The network contains a source, which forwards the multiplexed signal to the NOMA users by employment of AF relay. The jammer node forwards the interference signal to secure the confidential information of users against the eavesdropper attack. Secrecy rate enhancement at the NOMA user with the aid of CJ under total power constraint is taken as an optimization problem. The optimal power allocation factors of considered network are investigated using Invasive-Weed-Optimization (IWO) algorithm. The physical layer security of the network is analyzed in terms of secrecy rate under CJ condition. Furthermore, the secure performance gap between fixed and proposed power allocation schemes are examined with CJ and compared with other jamming conditions. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the secrecy performance is enhanced remarkably by CJ and proposed-power-allocation outperforms the fixed-power-allocation. |
14,590 | Please write an abstract with title: MM-wave low noise amplifier with input power limiter, and key words: Low-noise amplifiers, Circuit noise, Frequency, Gallium arsenide, Saturn, Circuit topology, P-i-n diodes, PIN photodiodes, Helium, Roentgenium. Abstract: The results of the development of a low noise amplifier with an input signal power limiter are presented. The topology and the circuit of the input power limiter are shown and the resulting characteristics are discussed. The application of a GaAs Schottky diode in combination with PIN-diodes has allowed an effective input power limiter to be developed for a MM-wave low noise amplifier. |
14,591 | Please write an abstract with title: D-stability of Linear Stochastic Systems with State-Space Forms, and key words: Linear matrix inequalities, Symmetric matrices, Stability analysis, Stochastic systems, Stochastic processes, Asymptotic stability, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: In this paper LMI based design conditions, factored by D-stability circular region, are derived for stability analysis and state feedback control of stochastic systems with state-space form reflecting state multiplicative noise. Specific expression of the controller matrix gain for stochastic stabilization is analyzed in the sense of mean square stability, while the effect of the given structure is more pronounced. A nontrivial example is provided to illustrate the control scheme development and noise suppression task. |
14,592 | Please write an abstract with title: Establishing a contact centre for public health care, and key words: Public healthcare, Medical services, Business, Information systems, Internet telephony, Cities and towns, Diseases, Medical diagnostic imaging, Feedback, Communication system control. Abstract: A growing part of population is used to performing transactions on-line via the Internet, even in relationships to authorities. Not even the health care sector can escape this trend. Patients put pressures on health care providers through contacting them through telephone and the Internet. In this article we discuss the future of contact centres in health care. We scan through the literature on the issue, present published projects and systems on the field, and build a conceptual model of the health care contact centre and its function. As a case example we follow the first steps of a contact centre to be implemented to the primary health care of the city of Turku. For this and clarity reasons, we restrict our discussion to the public health care, where customers can not be selected, and the operation is not run for profit, and to the mastering of acute diseases, where interaction with the customer needs to be fast and based on an individual transaction rather than a lasting patient-doctor relationship. |
14,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Failure-Tolerant Monitoring Based on Spatial–Temporal Correlation via Mobile Sensors for Large-Scale Acyclic Flow Systems in Smart Cities, and key words: Monitoring, Pipelines, Sensors, Optimization, Energy consumption, Approximation algorithms, Costs. Abstract: Large-scale acyclic flow systems (LSAFSs) are models of pipeline networks that are used to transport important resources, such as water, oil, and natural gas in smart cities. LSAFSs have features of complex topology and deep-underground deployment, which would cause accidents, such as leakages and pollution that are difficult to be detected in time. Mobile sensors (MSs)-based monitoring schemes appear as an effective solution in recent years to handle this situation. These schemes drop MSs into an LSAFS from specified locations, and the MSs will move along with fluid inside the LSAFS to collect data. When the MSs pass through a predeployed and activated receiver node (RN), they will upload their data to the RN. However, how to decide the optimal locations and timings for dropping of the MSs and the best activation periods and deployment locations of the RNs, such that total length of monitored pipelines in the LSAFS is maximized, as well as energy consumption of the RNs is minimized, is a challenging problem. The problem is more challenging if potential uploading failures and undetermined movement of the MSs are considered. In this article, we first formalize the problem as a multiobjective optimization problem. Then, we decompose the problem into a submodular optimization problem and an union set optimization problem, and prove they are NP-hard. Next, an approximate algorithm based on the Pigeonhole principle is proposed to solve the first problem, and a heuristic algorithm based on the inclusion-exclusion principle is proposed to solve the second problem. Extensive theoretical analyses and simulations show that the proposed algorithms outperform state-of-the-art algorithms. |
14,594 | Please write an abstract with title: Positive bias temperature instability effects of Hf-based nMOSFETs with various nitrogen and silicon profiles, and key words: Temperature, MOSFETs, Nitrogen, Silicon, Hafnium oxide, Dielectrics, Annealing, Degradation, Stress, Semiconductor films. Abstract: Positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) effects of HfO/sub 2/-based nMOSFETs with various nitrogen profiles in HfO/sub 2/ were investigated. The nitrogen profile was modulated by an inserting Si layer (/spl sim/6/spl Aring/) into hafnium oxynitride gate dielectrics. The Si layer is used to trap nitrogen and to suppress nitrogen out-diffusion during subsequent anneals. Compared to control HfO/sub x/N/sub y/ without Si insertion, the Si-inserted HfO/sub x/N/sub y/ samples exhibited reduced PBTI degradation, especially if the Si layer was placed further from the Si interface. The improvement can be attributed to the reduction of oxide bulk trapped as well as reduced interface trapped charge generation resulting from compensation effect of inserted Si layer. |
14,595 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Distributed Tactile Sensors to Drive a Robot Arm Through Obstacles, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Collision avoidance, Motion control, Tactile sensors, Robot control. Abstract: Robots operating in unstructured environments must be capable of safely handling unexpected collisions with objects existing in the surrounding area, possibly without stopping the task execution. This letter proposes a tactile feedback control law allowing the robot to apply bounded contact forces in reaction to physical collisions while performing a task. As a use-case scenario, the problem of driving a robot arm through obstacles to reach a known target position in the space is considered. Intensities and locations of multiple and simultaneous contacts between the robot and the environment are detected using large area tactile sensors covering the robot body. It will be shown that the robot is capable of controlling the end-effector position and of reacting to unexpected collisions by regulating the interaction forces applied to the environment. The method has been validated on a Baxter robot partially covered with 3495 distributed tactile elements, operating in an unknown environment. |
14,596 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast, Small, and Static Combinatorial CMOS Circuits, and key words: Programmable logic arrays, Permission, Silicon, CMOS logic circuits, Logic design, Very large scale integration, Automatic control, Computer science, Laboratories, Equations. Abstract: We present ALPS, a new way to generate layout from boolean equations. We use an original tree-structured representation of arbitrary boolean expressions, more compact than classic disjunctive form, allowing fast symbolic manipulation and natural mapping onto silicon. This implementation of ALPS produces static CMOS layout using a cascode-switch style. We present measurements done on fabricated circuits. For a large class of functions, particularly semi-regular control logic, VLSI layout generated by ALPS compares favorably in speed and area to PLAS and Standard-Cell designs. |
14,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning Based Fault Diagnosis for Stuck-at Faults and Bridging Faults, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Computers, Dictionaries, Neural networks, Training data, Machine learning. Abstract: This paper presents a fault diagnosis method using a machine learning technique. The method neither needs to perform fault simulation nor it needs to store fault dictionaries in deducing candidate faults. The output responses of a circuit under diagnosis are applied to a trained neural network, and candidate faults are obtained as a result. The paper also investigates the generation of data that are used to train the neural network. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the experimental results for benchmark circuits. |
14,598 | Please write an abstract with title: 1.6 µm continuous-wave lasing from InAs/AlGaInAs quantum dash micro-disk lasers grown on (001) silicon, and key words: Pump lasers, Silicon, Optical pumping, Quantum dots, Optical buffering. Abstract: We present preliminary results of InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dash (QDash) micro-disk lasers directly grown on (001) silicon. Continuous-wave (CW) single-mode lasing at 1.6 μm under optical pumping is demonstrated with an average threshold of 0.96 mW. |
14,599 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetics and exotic media: a quest for the holy grail, and key words: Maxwell equations, Electromagnetic propagation, Information technology, Electromagnetic fields, Green function, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Polynomials, Spine, Sufficient conditions, Bibliographies. Abstract: During the past eight years, the authors have extensively studied the properties of linear homogeneous bianisotropic media. They have studied the Green's dyadics, the factorization of the Helmholtz determinant operator, the field and source decomposition, and plane-wave propagation in various classes of these media. We give an overview of our findings, and we place these findings in historical order. The results we found provide insight into the nature of Maxwell's equations, in general, and into the field propagation mechanisms in the different media, in particular. Finally, we mention that closed-form solutions are valuable as benchmarking results for numerical solutions. |
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