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14,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Features of Instructional Language for Cultivation of Creative Thinking: A Data-driven Analysis of Chinese Senior High School English Textbooks, and key words: Educational technology, Linguistics, Standards, Creativity. Abstract: As a key component of the 21st Century competencies, creativity has been highly promoted in school education. The latest senior high school English curriculum of mainland China also emphasizes the cultivation of thinking skills and new sets of English textbooks have been published which claim to incorporate the idea in their material selection and design. Based on a data-driven analysis of the features of instructional language in three sets (i.e., nine volumes) of the 2019 editions of English textbooks for senior high school learners in mainland China, the study reveals that the new textbooks reflect the idea of English teaching reform and are aligned with the latest national English curriculum standards which focus on developing students’ thinking quality along with their English language ability. This study also sheds light on how English teachers can analyze the linguistic features of instructional language in teaching activities, expecting to offer insights on how corpus-assisted textbook analysis is helpful concerning English teaching practice. |
14,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermo-mechanical Analysis of Thermal Compression Bonding Chip-Join Process, and key words: Bridges, Heating systems, Temperature distribution, Thermal expansion, Thermomechanical processes, Force, Packaging. Abstract: Heterogeneous Integration (HI) Packaging has enabled high-bandwidth, low-latency communication between package components such as CPUs, GPUs and memory units for AI workloads. Examples of enabling HI packaging technologies include Si interposers, high-density laminates with thin films, silicon bridges and stacked chips.Thermo-compression bonding (TCB) chip-join process is achieved by the application of pressure and temperature to the mating surfaces which can be silicon-silicon or silicon-laminate substrate. A silicon-silicon structure has minimal thermal expansion mismatch while there is a large thermal expansion mismatch between silicon and laminate substrate. Also, the pressure and temperature capabilities of the TCB tools can be vastly different for different manufacturers. As a result, it is important to understand the effects of varying the TCB process parameters on the package components and interconnect quality.In this study, transient finite element models were created for the TCB process for a silicon-bridge structure with direct bonded heterogenous integration (DBHi) packaging. The package model consists of processor and bridge chips, interconnects between the chips, and underfill around the interconnects. In addition, our models also included TCB tool components in direct contact with the package, such as the ceramic heater, nozzle and heated pedestal. Appropriate thermal and mechanical boundary conditions were applied to the models based on the assembly process parameters for the different packages. The quality of the bonds was assessed from the resultant temperature profiles, stress distribution and warpage in the package components and interconnects. The effect of process parameters including bond temperature, bond force and temperature ramping rate was also studied to provide guidance toward improving the TCB bond profiles. Our work presents the first extensive modeling effort for thermal compression bonding of HI package structures to complement our prior thermo-mechanical analysis of the isolated package systems. |
14,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Three-Tier Architecture Noncontact Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using Target Tracking and False Peaks Eliminating Algorithms, and key words: Monitoring, Faces, Biomedical monitoring, Nose, Videos, Deep learning, Edge computing. Abstract: Monitoring respiratory rate (RR) is crucial for helping identify respiratory disorders. Devices for conventional respiratory monitoring are inconvenient and scarcely available. Recent research has demonstrated the ability of noncontact technologies, such as photoplethysmography and infrared thermography, to gather respiratory signals from the face and monitor breathing. However, current noncontact respiratory monitoring techniques have poor accuracy because they are sensitive to environmental influences like lighting and motion artifacts. Furthermore, frequent contact between users and the cloud in real-world medical application settings might cause service request delays and potentially the loss of personal data. We proposed a noncontact RR monitoring system with a cooperative three-layer design to increase the precision of respiratory monitoring and decrease data transmission latency. To reduce data transmission and network latency, our three-tier architecture layer-by-layer decomposes the computing tasks of respiration monitoring. Moreover, we improved the accuracy of respiratory monitoring by designing a target tracking algorithm and an algorithm for eliminating false peaks to extract high-quality respiratory signals. By gathering the data and choosing several regions of interest on the face, we were able to extract the respiration signal and investigate how different regions affected the monitoring of respiration. The results of the experiment indicate that when the nasal region is used to extract the respiratory signal, it performs experimentally best. Our approach performs better than baseline approaches while transferring fewer data. |
14,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of path visualizations and cognitive measures relative to travel technique in a virtual environment, and key words: Virtual environment, Space technology, Space exploration, Legged locomotion, Tracking, Cognition, Navigation, Data visualization, Virtual reality, Computer Society. Abstract: We describe a between-subjects experiment that compared four different methods of travel and their effect on cognition and paths taken in an immersive virtual environment (IVE). Participants answered a set of questions based on Crook's condensation of Bloom's taxonomy that assessed their cognition of the IVE with respect to knowledge, understanding and application, and higher mental processes. Participants also drew a sketch map of the IVE and the objects within it. The users' sense of presence was measured using the Steed-Usoh-Slater presence questionnaire. The participants' position and head orientation were automatically logged during their exposure to the virtual environment. These logs were later used to create visualizations of the paths taken. Path analysis, such as exploring the overlaid path visualizations and dwell data information, revealed further differences among the travel techniques. Our results suggest that, for applications where problem solving and evaluation of information is important or where opportunity to train is minimal, then having a large tracked space so that the participant can walk around the virtual environment provides benefits over common virtual travel techniques. |
14,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Integration of wavelet packet decomposition and random secret in iris verification, and key words: Wavelet packets, Biometrics, Feature extraction, Wavelet transforms, Data security, Iris recognition, Wavelet analysis, Fabrication, Fingerprint recognition, Protection. Abstract: This paper presents a novel method of integrating the user-specific secret pseudo-random number and iris feature extracted from wavelet packet transform as a feature vector for iris verification. The proposed method helps to improve the traditional iris verification system which depends solely on iris feature. The security risks such as iris fabrication can be avoided through the token replacement. Experimental results show that the proposed method has an encouraging performance. The optimum result is obtained for mean scheme wavelet packet transform with secret pseudo-random number using 2 levels of decomposition, in which an excellent verification rate is produced. |
14,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Genetic algorithms based optimization of membership functions for fuzzy weighted association rules mining, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Association rules, Data mining, Fuzzy sets, Dairy products, Clustering methods, Itemsets, Clustering algorithms, Optimization methods, Transaction databases. Abstract: Finding the most appropriate fuzzy sets becomes complicated when items are not considered to have equal importance and the support and confidence parameters needed in the mining process are specified as linguistic terms. Existing clustering based automated methods are not satisfactory because they do not consider the optimization of the discovered membership functions. To tackle this problem, we propose genetic algorithms (GAs) based clustering method, which dynamically adjusts the fuzzy sets to provide maximum profit based on minimum support and confidence specified as linguistic terms. This is achieved by tuning the base values of the membership functions for each quantitative attribute in a way that maximizes the number of large itemsets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort in this direction. Experimental results on 100 K transactions taken from the adult database of US census in year 2000 demonstrate that the proposed clustering method exhibits good performance in terms of the number of produced large itemsets and interesting association rules. |
14,706 | Please write an abstract with title: A newly developed single-chip LSI for HD DVD/DVD/CD, and key words: DVD, Large scale integration, High definition video, Circuits, Signal processing, Energy consumption, Central Processing Unit, Error correction codes, Motion pictures, SDRAM. Abstract: This paper describes the single-chip LSI for HD DVD/DVD/CD, which we have developed. Since the demand for high-capacity media that can record high-definition movies for an extended time is increasing, HD DVD has been rapidly developed as the next-generation DVD. To achieve downsizing and low power consumption of the LSI, we developed a single-chip LSI which includes an HD DVD signal processing circuit, DVD/CD signal processing circuit and CPU. The new digital read channel provides high readout performance for HD DVD signal which has high intersymbol interference. A progressed ECC (error correction code) core contributes to the LSI downsizing. |
14,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Cardiopulmonary Sound Sources Separation Separación de fuentes de sonido cardiopulmonar, and key words: Heart, Uncertainty, Lung, Stethoscope, Mixture models, Medical services, Independent component analysis. Abstract: Similarities in the spectral contents of lung sounds (LS) and heart sounds (HS) hinder identification of the origin of particular acoustic indicators and during standard auscultation might be difficult to decide if they are of pulmonary or cardiovascular origin. Therefore to minimize this uncertainty a two-channel stethoscope was utilized with one channel being focused on lung sounds acquisition and another one on heart sounds signals knowing of existing crosstalk. In the next stage, a separation of sources was attempted utilizing Independent Component Analysis (ICA). However, as the outcome was not fully satisfactory, an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was applied. In particular, the EMD outputs were processed with Gaussian Mixed Models (GMM) to select which components corresponded to HS and which to LS, leading to classification accuracy of 70%. The developed methodology promises to be useful in performing initial cardiopulmonary diagnoses assisted by computerized monitoring, especially in the absence of experienced personnel. |
14,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Method of early failure detection for elastic diaphragms based on frequency analysis of the acoustic signal, and key words: Acoustic signal detection, Frequency, Failure analysis, Pumps, Signal analysis, Potential energy, Digital systems, Microcomputers, Application software, Solvents. Abstract: A method of in-service early failure detection based on frequency analysis of the acoustic signal obtained from elastic diaphragms in air-driven pumps is described. A fully digital system for frequency analysis based on a personal computer was developed with a view to practical implementation of this method. The validity of the method was demonstrated by experiments performed under realistic in-plant conditions. |
14,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Power Oscillations Parameters in Autonomous Electrical Complexes Using the Method of Customization Charts Designing, and key words: Oscillators, Generators, Power markets, Mathematical model, Power generation, Diesel engines, Power engineering. Abstract: The problem related the existence of power common mode and power exchange oscillations during the parallel operation of synchronous generators in autonomous electrical complexes is considered. A mathematical model, which allows the studying electrical system, has been developed. A method for dependence customization charts designing of the power exchange oscillations amplitude on the backlash gaps in the control circuits of the diesel generator speed has been obtained. The use of such customization charts allows one to introduce recommendations on limiting the amplitude of exchange power oscillations in regulatory documents, both a general nature and specifically for certain equipment type. The customization charts also make it possible to determine the gap backlash in the frequency control loop with the help of the measured amplitudes of the power exchange oscillations. The amplitude's values and period of the power common mode oscillations in the entire possible settings' range of the object being studied are obtained using mathematical simulation methods. A methodology for customization charts designing has been developed. This methodology allows designing dependence customization charts of the amplitude and period of power common mode oscillations on the values of transmission coefficients and speeding settings of the governors of diesel generators. Using these customization charts allows you to apply the method for eliminating exchange power oscillations, taking into account the possible occurrence of power common mode oscillations. Customization charts designing for the amplitude and period of the power common mode oscillations makes it possible to understand the trend in the amplitude and period of the power common mode oscilations and carry out an in-depth analysis of the operation of the autonomous electrical system. |
14,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision-based adaptive cruise control for intelligent road vehicles, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Intelligent control, Intelligent vehicles, Road vehicles, Automatic control, Intelligent robots, Control systems, Intelligent transportation systems, Velocity control. Abstract: There is a broad range of robotics technologies that are currently being applied to the generic topic of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). One of the most important research topics in this field is adaptive cruise control (ACC), aiming at adapting the vehicle speed to a predefined value while keeping a safe gap with regard to potential obstacles. For this purpose, a monocular vision system provides the distance between the ego vehicle and the preceding vehicle on the road. The complete system can be understood as a vision-based ACC controller, based on fuzzy logic, which assists the velocity vehicle control offering driving strategies and actuation over the throttle of a car. This controller is embedded in an automatic driving system installed in two testbed mass-produced cars operating in a real environment. The results obtained in these experiments show a very good performance of the vision-based gap controller, which is adaptable to all speeds and safe gap selections. |
14,711 | Please write an abstract with title: AI-Based Media Coding Standards, and key words: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Media, Intellectual Property, Property Rights, Intellectual Property Rights, Neural Network, Super-resolution, Business Model, Autoencoder, Question Answering, Functional Requirements, Internet Gaming, Quantization Parameter, Artificial Intelligence Systems, Reference Curve, Speech Features, Video Coding, Artificial Intelligence Tools, Speech Synthesis, Bitrate, Audio Content, Data Processing Technology, PSNR Values. Abstract: Moving Picture, Audio and Data Coding by Artificial Intelligence (MPAI) is the first standards organization to develop data coding standards that have artificial intelligence (AI) as their core technology. MPAI believes that universally accessible standards for AI-based data coding can have the same positive effects on AI as standards had on digital media. Elementary components of MPAI standards–AI modules (AIMs)–expose standard interfaces for operation in a standard AI framework (AIF). As their performance may depend on the technologies used, MPAI expects that competing developers providing AIMs will promote horizontal markets of AI solutions that build on and further promote AI innovation. Finally, the MPAI framework licences (FWLs) provide guidelines to intellectual property right (IPR) holders facilitating the availability of compatible licenses to standard users. |
14,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Multi-Scale Attentive Features for Series Photo Selection, and key words: Conferences, Aggregates, Benchmark testing, Signal processing, Acoustics, Task analysis, Speech processing. Abstract: People used to take a series of nearly identical photos about the same subject, but it is usually a tedious chore to select the reversed ones from them. Despite the remarkable progress, most existing studies on image aesthetics assessment fail to fulfill the task of series photo selection. In this paper, we develop a novel deep CNN architecture that aggregates multi-scale features from different network layers, in order to capture the subtle differences between series photos. To reduce the risk of redundant or even interfering features, we introduce the spatial-channel self-attention mechanism to adaptively recalibrate the features at each layer, so that informative features can be selectively emphasized and less useful ones suppressed. Extensive experiments on a benchmark dataset well demonstrate the potential of our approach for series photo selection. |
14,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of virtual inertia in wind turbines on large scale power grid frequency characteristics, and key words: Frequency stability, large scale power grid, virtual inertia control, renewable power generators, primary frequency modulation. Abstract: The penetration rate of wind turbines (WTs) has continually increased in large-scale power grid. These WTs, which do not have inertial response, potentially weaken the inertia of power system. To address this problem, researchers have proposed virtual inertia control for WTs. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of such virtual inertia on improving frequency characteristics of large-scale power grid. In this paper, the power grid frequency characteristics have been investigated from three way: analysis of practical frequency drop incident, typical examples simulation and mathematical model. Based on the investigation results, the influence of inertia support in wind turbines on the frequency drop characteristics in large-scale power grid. Finally, the influence of inertial response on primary frequency modulation in WT was analysed. The result indicated that different virtual inertia control of WTs show variable influences on frequency stability. Moreover, some virtual inertia methods of WTs may contribute to negative damping for frequency characteristics of large-scale power grid. |
14,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-microgrid coordinate dispatching of multi-time scale source-load supply and demand interaction based on master-slave game theory, and key words: Multi-microgrid, game theory, demand response, electricity market, Multiple time scale. Abstract: The microgrid is increasingly decentralized, autonomous and intelligent, what's more, there will be a large number of microgrids connection in the future. The diversification and complication of market players have brought great challenges to the active distribution network scheduling operation. The prediction error of the new energy output of the microgrid has brought some difficulties to the scheduling. Based on using the complementarity of space-time between the source-load and multi-microgrids at different time scales, and coordinating scheduling between multi-microgrids is an effective way to improve energy efficiency and economics of the microgrid. This paper considered the configurable energy source such as energy storage power station and demand response on the distribution network. Coordinated scheduling of multi-microgrids with intelligent management of active distribution network, and the master-slave differential game model of multi-time scale supply and demand interaction considering demand response is established. Finally, the paper analysed the process of master-slave differential game in active distribution network, the simulation results verify the validity of the model. |
14,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Forecasting with Adversarial Domain Adaptation in Edge-Computing Systems, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Training data, Predictive models, Linear programming, Forecasting. Abstract: Traffic forecasting is one of the important functions of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which is of great significance to user experience and urban traffic control. Edge computing, as an emerging technology, has been a promising candidate for real-time and accurate traffic flow prediction. In this paper, we propose an adversarial domain adaptation model for traffic forecasting in an edge computing system. We design the feature mapping and the discriminator optimization objective functions. The traffic features of target domain can be aligned with the traffic features of source domain by adversarial domain adaptation training. We utilize the proposed model for different traffic prediction tasks such as traffic flow and occupancy. We also present extensive simulations by using real-world traffic dataset. We show that the proposed model can achieve better prediction accuracy than the other algorithms when the number of training dataset is insufficient. |
14,716 | Please write an abstract with title: SWAT tool at the SBST 2021 Tool Competition, and key words: Software testing, Roads, Conferences, Tools, Cyber-physical systems. Abstract: SWAT is a test case generating tool for testing cyber-physical systems (CPS). In the context of SBST 2021 CPS testing competition, it has been adapted to generating virtual roads to test a lane keeping assist system. It has achieved the best ratio between valid and generated test cases, producing over 95% valid test cases in both testing configurations. |
14,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-grids Resilience Enhancement Using Self-healing Capability, and key words: Self-healing, Resilience, Reliability, Microgrids, Islanding, Self-sufficiency. Abstract: Active distribution networks operation in islanding mode is one of the concerns of todays power industry operators due to the growth of distributed generations. In addition, it is essential to increase distribution networks resilience in the islanding mode. By constructing microgrids from islanded network based on the self-healing concept, the resilience of remaining distribution network will increase. In this paper, an optimal load shedding algorithm is first implemented due to the amount of available DGs. Then, the active network is divided into a number of microgrids with various boundaries. Two index of self-sufficiency and reliability are used for constructing the microgrids. Finally, the results are tested on IEEE 69 bus distribution system. |
14,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Angkor Wat Deformation Monitoring from 2017 to 2021, and key words: Poles and towers, Radar, Radar scattering, Radar imaging, Cultural differences, Reliability, Monitoring. Abstract: Cultural heritage plays a domain role in understanding the past civilization. Such cultural heritage needs to be monitored regularly. Angkor Wat is one such cultural heritage site which is built by Khmer Civilization in 12th century. In this study Angkor Wat is monitored by Sentinel -1 C band data for a period of 4 years from 2017 to 2021. This study uses advance interferometry such as Persistent Scatter Interferometry Synthetic radar (PSInSAR) to monitor the deformations in Angkor Wat. This study uses 49 scenes of Single look complex images from 2017 to 2021 and found that the temple is stable from 2017 to 2021 with some minor subsidence in the central tower. |
14,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of e-commerce transaction system's division of labor based on essential services quantity, and key words: Supply and demand, Costs, Production, Electronic commerce, Standards. Abstract: Purpose – The division of labor of e-commerce transaction system is an important research topic. However, there is a certain disparity between the current mainstream research model and the reality, which leads to a biased result. This paper aims to find the effects of transaction efficiency on the evolution of e-commerce transaction system's division of labor and the relationships between the results and other parameters. Design/methodology/approach – This paper puts forward a definition of transaction efficiency based on transaction services and establishes a model of middleman's specialized production decision of transaction services on this basis. Findings – The research results show that the transaction efficiency plays an important role on the change of middlemen's division of labor level. The degree of economic specialization, price of commodities and transaction services and other associated factors also affect middlemen's division of labor. Originality/value – This paper is of great significance for evaluating the development level and forecast the development direction of e-commerce. |
14,720 | Please write an abstract with title: InP photonic crystal membrane structures, and key words: Indium phosphide, Photonic crystals, Biomembranes, Photonic band gap, Optical waveguides, Waveguide discontinuities, Etching, Lattices, Optical sensors, Optical device fabrication. Abstract: Quasi-2-dimensional photonic band gap waveguides have been etched onto InGaAsP membranes. A variety of structures were formed, with differing lattice constants and fill factors. Transmission measurements through these structures allowed mapping out of the band gap and band edge of the photonic crystal structures. Comparisons between experimental measurements and theoretical simulations allowed us to determine the sensitivity of optical output to fabrication errors and variations. |
14,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation based optimization in fishery management, and key words: Aquaculture, Modeling, Genetic algorithms, Marine animals, Gears, Educational institutions, Manufacturing industries, Manufacturing systems, Systems engineering and theory, Marine technology. Abstract: The sea scallop resource of Georges Bank supports one of the largest commercial fisheries in the United States. The objective of this research was to develop a technique to examine different management strategies for the sea scallop resource of Georges Bank and compare these strategies to the optimal. A simulation model followed the sea scallop population dynamics using information from recent photographic surveys and studies on spatial and temporal life history parameters, such as growth, natural mortality, spawning, and fishing activities. A stochastic simulation technique was used to describe the influence of the highly variable marine environment. A genetic algorithm technique was used to develop a harvest strategy in the area for optimal utilization by maximizing long term fishing yield. Simulation and a genetic algorithm are combined to solve the optimization problem. Simulation returns performance measures for a given policy and a genetic algorithm provides the search process to obtain the optimum policy. |
14,722 | Please write an abstract with title: The loop closure Detection Algorithm Based on Bag of Semantic Word For Robot Navigation, and key words: Feature extraction, Semantics, Visualization, Detection algorithms, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Clustering algorithms, Vocabulary. Abstract: Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is mainly used to solve the problem of mobile robot navigation in an unknown environment. The loop closure detection is a key step in visual SLAM and plays an important role in building consistent maps and reducing pose cumulative errors. A new loop closure detection method based on the bag of semantic word (BOSW) is proposed in this paper, extracting semantic descriptors by using a neural network pre-trained on the scene recognition data set. Traditionally, the visual bag of word (BoW) model adopts the features such as ORB and SURF which is easily affected by the environment. With advantages of better ability to deal with changes in lighting, the convolutional neural network can extract the abstract features of the image. For these reasons, we proposed a new algorithm that combines the bag of word model and the convolutional neural network. The feature maps, extracted by the VGG16 neural network which is trained on the dataset named Places365 (VGG16-Places365), are used as the semantic descriptors instead of ORB descriptors. The workflow of building the vocabulary of the semantic words, extracting the feature vector of the image and computing the similarity score is presented. The performance of BOSW is evaluated by a comparison study with the traditional visual bag of word model and Inception-based deep learning method which use Inception's fully connected layer output as the feature vector of the picture. Overall, the experiments on New College datasets verified that our mode show stronger generalization and can achieve higher accuracy in the loop closure detection. |
14,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-light image enhancement based on FPGA, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Conferences, Merging, Parallel processing, Security, Field programmable gate arrays, Image enhancement. Abstract: This paper studies FPGA image processing, and proposes two methods to improve FPGA image processing acceleration, data reorganization and multi-processing modules. Both methods use ARM as the data control module. Data reorganization improves the transmission efficiency of the AXI bus by merging data, and the multiprocessing module improves the parallelism of the processing system by adding processing modules. Finally, these two methods are used to realize the low- light image enhancement algorithm combining wavelet transform and Retinex algorithm, and compared with the processing effect on matlab, and good results are obtained. |
14,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Vulnerability Mapping of Tsunami Inundation Hazard at The Tourism Area of Pangandaran, West Java, and key words: Tsunami, Business, Floors, Conferences, Remote sensing. Abstract: Indonesia is located in and surrounded by areas that have active plate movements, making its coastal and marine areas prone to tsunami, and creating negative impacts, such as damage to properties and increase in death rates. One of these areas is the coastal area in Pangandaran Regency, West Java. This study aimed to analyze the level of building vulnerability and impact of losses as a result of tsunami. The research method combined data of buildings that have been classified based on their type and uses with data of inundation caused by tsunami and coefficient of Damage Ratio. The study results showed that the type of buildings in the tourism area of Pangandaran Regency is dominated by 1-story permanent buildings (P1), in which 2,050 out of 3,103 buildings were identified as residences and businesses. In general, based on the coefficient of Damage Ratio in the tourism area of Pangandaran Regency, vulnerability level of buildings is within 51%-70%, which is considerably high and indicates that the buildings could suffer heavy damage if they are hit by tsunami. The tourism industry in the area lost 700 million rupiahs and fisheries industry lost 6.055 billion rupiahs due to the 2016 tsunami. Eight hotel/resort buildings have been recommended as temporary evacuation sites or shelter in the event of a tsunami. |
14,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Development Trend of Modern Satellite Television, and key words: Space vehicles, Information science, TV, Costs, Satellite broadcasting, Market research, Orbits. Abstract: Satellite communication systems have been actively developing, which is primarily due to a decrease in the overall weight, price characteristics of the spacecraft themselves and, as a consequence, the cost of deploying and operating the most expensive component of satellite communication systems, their orbital groupings. These factors make modern satellite communication systems more and more accessible, and the increasing volume of transmitted information determines their increasing demand. |
14,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Speeding convergence of genetic algorithms for inverse scattering problems, and key words: Convergence, Genetic algorithms, Inverse problems, Biological cells, Genetic mutations, Cost function, Optimization methods, Evolution (biology), Flowcharts, Space exploration. Abstract: As a global optimization method, genetic algorithm (GA) is very convenient for continuous and discrete optimizations, especially for inverse scattering problems, and many remarkable results have been obtained. One of the problems of GA is how to achieve the evolution toward the global minimum efficiently. This paper introduces the techniques of mutating genes and seeding population to speed GA convergence. |
14,727 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved SCMRC resonator with capacitive loadings, and key words: Microstrip resonators, Impedance, Transmission line theory, Spirals, Magnetic resonance, Reflection, Shunt (electrical), Capacitance, Radio frequency, Microwave circuits. Abstract: An improved spiral compact microstrip resonant cell (SCMRC) resonator with capacitive loading is presented. The port impedance at low-pass band is matched to 50 /spl Omega/ using two capacitive loadings. The improved SCMRC resonator shows stronger slow-wave effect and wider stop-band performance compared with original one. A demonstration resonator is designed, fabricated and measured. |
14,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator on indium tin oxide (ITO) platform operating at 100 GHz with asymmetric power splitting, and key words: Performance evaluation, Optical losses, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Protocols, Phase modulation, Indium tin oxide, Tin. Abstract: A tiny ITO Mach Zehnder modulator achieves 3dB ER, 2.9dB IL, and 108GHz speed with an asymmetric power splitter. By examining the device's performance, optimal compromises between ER, IL, and speed are determined. |
14,729 | Please write an abstract with title: An Acceleration Model of Multiple Accelerating Stresses for Typical Electronic Products, and key words: Stress, Acceleration, Mathematical model, Data models, Humidity, Life estimation, Reliability. Abstract: Acceleration test is one of the most commonly used tools to assess the life of a product. In an acceleration test, the model to describe degradation feature is the key. In this paper, a method to build an acceleration model of multiple accelerating stresses for typical electronic products is studied. First, commonly used acceleration models of both single and multiple stresses are briefly reviewed. Then, with the help of general Eyring model and polynomial model for acceleration life test, a general comprehensive model is given. After that, a framework of application of the general model is presented with the example of one specific model of temperature, humidity, vibration and velocity as acceleration stresses. At last, an application example of this method in the testing data of a power supply of communication product is given. |
14,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Voltage Dynamic Comparator with Bulk-Driven Floating Inverter Amplifier, and key words: Latches, Inverters, Transistors, Topology, Transconductance, Capacitors, Reservoirs. Abstract: This work presents a low voltage dynamic comparator for low-power ADC applications. The dynamic comparator uses a pre-amplifier powered by a floating reservoir capacitor and bulk-driven structure. The latch stage is done by a simple circuit to reduce the total voltage overhead necessary to define the logic levels and uses a charge sharing technique in order to reduce the energy consumption per conversion. The floating reservoir capacitor powered pre-amplifier reduces the impacts of global process variability and improves the input common-mode voltage performance. The bulk-driven structure lowers the threshold voltages of the pre-amplifier transistors at the sampling phase. Such structure also works as a positive feedback signal during the comparison phase to provide extra transconductance. The proposed dynamic comparator is designed and simulated in 28nm CMOS technology and reaches a performance suitable for 8 bits ADCs working with 600mV power supply. The dynamic comparator achieves 380μV input-referred noise, while consuming only 40 fJ per comparison and having a nominal delay of 2.26ns. |
14,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizations of ozone generator at low resonance frequency, and key words: Resonance, Surface morphology, Surface treatment, Titanium alloys, Immune system, Electric resistance, Nuclear and plasma sciences, Corrosion, Plasma measurements, Frequency. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The effect of the frequency on the different parameters of ozone generation in the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been investigated. It is found that at low frequency, (f/sub 0/ = 325 Hz), an electric resonance has been obtained in the circuit. The onset voltage, at which the ozone starts to build up, was reduced from 3.2 kV at 50 Hz to 1.57 kV at 325 Hz. The efficiency was increased from nearly zero at 50 Hz to 140 g/kWh at 325 Hz under an applied voltage of 2.025 kV. |
14,732 | Please write an abstract with title: 4D-Var Data Assimilation of Sea Surface Temperature in a Regional Model of the Andaman Sea, and key words: Temperature distribution, Sea surface, Satellites, Data models, Numerical models, Temperature control, Ocean temperature. Abstract: Andaman Sea (AnS) is a marginal sea in the eastern Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the least studied in Indian Ocean, making it challenging to simulate. Using data assimilation with satellite sea surface temperature observations is a feasible approach to obtaining high-quality simulations. Our goal is to develop such a system for the AnS. First, we perform a high-resolution data-driven numerical Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) control run. Second, a data-assimilative ROMS run with MODIS SST observations is performed and compared to the control run. Initial and boundary conditions are taken from the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) model for both the control and data assimilation runs. We use an Incremental Strong Constraint 4-Dimensional Variational (I4DVar) data assimilation scheme. This is the first study to implement the time-evolving data assimilation ocean model in the AnS region at such a high resolution and gives a good estimate of the ocean state in AnS. The data assimilation run significantly reduces the difference between the AnS simulations and the BD12 observations over the control run. Significantly, the data assimilation run reduces the surface Temperature error by 0.5°C when compared with the control run, when MODIS SST data is assimilated. This data assimilation set-up is essential to improve our ability to understand the synoptic dynamics of the region better. |
14,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliable pre-trip multi-path planning and dynamic adaptation for a centralized road navigation system, and key words: Navigation, Vehicle dynamics, Telecommunication traffic, Delay, Testing, Roads, Costs, Intelligent systems, Intelligent vehicles, Energy management. Abstract: In this paper, an integrated approach combining offline pre-computation of optimal candidate paths with online path retrieval and dynamic adaptation is proposed for a dynamic navigation system in a centralized system architecture. Based on a static traffic data file, a partially disjoint candidate path set is constructed prior to the trip using a heuristic link weight increment method. This method satisfies reasonable path constraints that meet the drivers' preferences as well as alternative path constraints that limit the joint failure probability for candidate paths. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are the following: 1) the response time for online navigation demand is nearly linear with network size and less dependent on system load; 2) the veracity of the pre-trip route plan based on the static data file is improved by taking travel time reliability into account; and 3) system optimization can be approximated without sacrificing driver preferences. The algorithm is tested on randomly generated road networks and the numerical results show the efficiency of the approach. |
14,734 | Please write an abstract with title: A Pr/T-Net formalism for HPSG parsing, and key words: Natural languages, Automata, Petri nets, Electronic mail, Context modeling, Data structures, Machine learning, Cybernetics, Production. Abstract: This work presents a Pr/T-Net (predicate/transition-net) model for HPSG (head-driven phrase structure grammar) parsing. The model consists of two parts. The first part analyzes the structure of the input string. The second part processes the attribute relations among the components of the input string and establishes the corresponding attributed structure tree. An application example is examined and the result shows that the Pr/T-Net model can do HPSG parsing successfully. This Pr/T-Net formalism overcomes the limitation of some other currently available formalism such as pushdown automata and BFSA, which are not powerful enough to process the complex attribute relations of HPSG. |
14,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Validation Techniques for Quantitative Brain Tumors Measurements, and key words: Neoplasms, Image segmentation, Volume measurement, Particle measurements, Morphology, Biomedical imaging, Surgery, Active contours, Manuals, Gold. Abstract: Quantitative measurements of tumor volume becomes more realistic with the use of imaging- particularly specially when the tumor have non-ellipsoidal morphology, which remains subtle, irregular and difficult to assess by visual metric and clinical examination. The quantitative measurements depend strongly on the accuracy of the segmentation technique. The validity of brain tumor segmentation methods is an important issue in medical imaging because it has a direct impact on many applications such as surgical planning and quantitative measurements of tumor volume. Our goal was to examine two popular segmentation techniques seeded region growing and active contour "snakes" to be compared against experts' manual segmentations as the gold standard. We illustrated these methods on brain tumor volume cases using MR imaging modality. |
14,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on Performance of Facial Expression Recognition using Conventional and Deep Learning Approaches, and key words: Support vector machines, Deep learning, Emotion recognition, Databases, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Depression. Abstract: The ability to identify a person's inner thoughts through expressions before verbalizing is known as Facial Expression Recognition (FER). Nowadays, the phrase “Human-Computer Interaction” has become the most frequently searched keyword, especially in research on automatic depression diagnosis, psychiatric illness, false narratives, and suppressed emotions. The main objective of this survey is to give a clear view of automatic FER models. Also, this research work highlights the different problems encountered in the determination of facial characteristics. For better knowledge, first various emotion databases are listed with the range of emotions that each database has recognized. Further, this paper has been organized in such a way to provide a thorough and better discussion on the three phases of the facial expression recognition model. Then, various approaches are compared and adopted in image-based and video-based FER models from recent findings and finally, this research study has provided the right directions on how robust and challenging models for future research can be developed. |
14,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Watershed-Based Attribute Profiles With Semantic Prior Knowledge for Remote Sensing Image Analysis, and key words: Image segmentation, Remote sensing, Feature extraction, Training, Semantics, Image edge detection, Hyperspectral imaging. Abstract: In this article, we develop a novel feature extraction method that combines two well-established mathematical morphology concepts: watersheds and morphological attribute profiles (APs). In order to extract spatial-spectral features from remote sensing data, APs were originally defined as sequences of filtering operators on inclusion trees, i.e., the max- and min-trees, computed from the input image. In this study, we extend the AP paradigm to the more general framework of hierarchical watersheds. Moreover, we explore the semantic knowledge provided by labeled training pixels during different phases of the watershed-AP construction, namely within the construction of hierarchical watersheds from the raw image and later within the filtering of the resulting hierarchy. We illustrate the relevance of the proposed method with two applications including land cover classification and building extraction using optical remote sensing images. Experimental results show that the new profiles outperform various existing features using two public datasets (Zurich and Vaihingen), thus providing another high potential feature extraction method within the AP family. |
14,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete all-pole modeling for voiced speech, and key words: Autocorrelation, Digital audio players, Spectral analysis, Frequency estimation, Laboratories, Parametric statistics, Distortion measurement, Predictive models, Speech analysis, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: A new method is introduced for parametric modeling of spectral envelopes when only a discrete set of spectral points is given. This method, which we call Discrete All-Pole (DAP) modeling, uses a discrete version of the Itakura-Saito distortion measure as its error criterion. DAP overcomes the limitations of linear prediction and produces better fitting spectral envelopes for spectra that are representable by a relatively small discrete set of values, such as in voiced speech. The method is especially relevant when the pitch frequency is high as in female speech. |
14,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous BCI and local neural classifiers: an overview of the adaptive brain interface project, and key words: Electroencephalography, Switches, Protocols, Keyboards, Mobile robots, Wheelchairs, Laboratories, Signal analysis, Communication switching, Information management. Abstract: In this communication, we give an overview of our work on an asynchronous brain-computer interface (where the subject makes self-paced decisions on when to switch from one mental task to the next) that responds every 0.5 s. A local neural classifier tries to recognize three different mental tasks; it may also respond "unknown" for uncertain samples as the classifier has incorporated statistical rejection criteria. We report our experience with 15 subjects. We also briefly describe two brain-actuated applications we have developed: a virtual keyboard and a mobile robot (emulating a motorized wheelchair). |
14,740 | Please write an abstract with title: A demodulation complexity reduction method using M-algorithm for high compaction multi-carrier modulation systems, and key words: Demodulation, Compaction, Maximum likelihood estimation, Bit error rate, Fading, Euclidean distance, Computer simulation, Gaussian noise, Degradation, OFDM. Abstract: This paper proposes a demodulation method for high compaction multi-carrier modulation (HC-MCM) using the M-algorithm to reduce the calculation complexity for data recovering in the receiver. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by the amount of Euclidean distance calculations in comparison with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The bit-error rate (BER) characteristics of HC-MCM systems using proposed demodulation method are demonstrated by computer simulations in the presence of Gaussian noise. Performance of the HC-MCM using proposed demodulation method is also evaluated over a 2-path equal power Rayleigh fading channel. As a result, it is shown that the calculation complexity for 8 subcarriers is reduced to 0.6% in comparison with the MLE, and BER performance is not degraded even when the proposed system gives 64% increase of spectral efficiency in comparison with OFDM. In addition to those good properties, it is shown here that the proposed system is available over a wideband fading channel using a guard time interval. |
14,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Attitude Tracking of Capsule Endoscope Based on MEMS IMU and Error Analysis, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Accelerometers, Wireless communication, Visualization, Endoscopes, Tracking, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: Wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) has been increasingly exploited for noninvasive screening and diagnosis of the entire esophagus, stomach, colon, and small intestine. WCE allows direct visualization of gastrointestinal tracts and causes less pain to the patients. Automated navigation of WCE during the medical procedure will significantly reduce the testing time and improve the usage and efficiency of medical infrastructure. Attitude tracking of WCE is of great importance for real-time tracking of the position and orientation of capsule endoscope. In this paper, a method for calculating the attitude of WCE based on MEMS IMU (Inertial Measurement Units) is implemented. The accuracy of attitude tracking is measured by a series of experiments. By reorientating the capsule endoscope with a high precision 3D rotary stage, the error from the proposed algorism is determined. The experimental results show that the attitude of WCE based on MEMS IMU can meet the diagnostic requirements in about six minutes, but the performance cannot be maintained due to error accumulation. Additionally, we propose a method to improve the attitude accuracy by reciprocating the rotational motion during the inspection process. |
14,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna With Gain Improvement at Low Elevation Angle for a Base Station, and key words: Dipole antennas, Antenna measurements, Gain, Base stations, Antenna radiation patterns, Phased arrays, Magnetoelectric effects. Abstract: A ±45° dual-polarized broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with gain improvement at low elevation angle is proposed in this letter for a base station. The proposed antenna covers 2.45-2.8 GHz, indicating a 13.3% impedance band. In order to improve the gain at ±60° angle, a notched metal wall is employed and the gain of the proposed antenna at ±60°angle is improved by 2 dB over the entire band compared with the original antenna. Moreover, the proposed antenna has good performances with stable radiation patterns, a front-to-back ratio around 20 dB and a cross-polarization discrimination over 15 dB. An antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for verification. A good agreement is met between the simulation and measurement and good performances make it a candidate for a 5G base station. |
14,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Pixel-Level Kernel Estimation for Blind Super-Resolution, and key words: Kernel, Estimation, Degradation, Superresolution, Training, Spatial resolution, Spatial coherence. Abstract: Throughout the past several years, deep learning-based models have achieved success in super-resolution (SR). The majority of these works assume that low-resolution (LR) images are ‘uniformly’ degraded from their corresponding high-resolution (HR) images using predefined blur kernels — all regions of an image undergoing an identical degradation process. Furthermore, based on this assumption, there have been attempts to estimate the blur kernel of a given LR image, since correct kernel priors are known to be helpful in super-resolution. Although it has been known that blur kernels of real images are non-uniform (spatially varying), current kernel estimation algorithms are mostly done at image-level, estimating one kernel per image. These algorithms inevitably become sub-optimal in handling scenarios where an image is degraded non-uniformly. A divide-and-conquer form of approach, dividing an image into several patches for individual kernel estimation and SR can be a simple solution for this matter. Nevertheless, this approach fails in practice. In this paper, we address this issue by pixel-level kernel estimation. The three main components for training a SR framework based on pixel-level kernel estimation are as follows: Kernel Collage — a method for synthesizing non-uniformly degraded LR images, designed considering the coherency of kernels at neighboring regions while abruptly changing at times, the indirect loss — a novel loss for training the kernel estimator, based on the reconstruction loss, and an additional optimization — a scheme to robustify the SR network to minor errors in kernel estimations. Extensive experiments show the superiority of pixel-level kernel estimation in blind SR, surpassing state-of-the-art methods in terms of quantitative and qualitative results. |
14,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient sample rate conversion for software radio systems, and key words: Software radio, Finite impulse response filter, IIR filters, Interpolation, Computational efficiency, Wideband, Bandwidth, Digital filters, Sampling methods, Computational modeling. Abstract: A new sample rate conversion (SRC) method for software radio (SWR) systems is proposed. The method, which uses the window filter design and Lagrange functions, requires fewer computations than other SRC methods over a range of SRC factors for the wideband and high dynamic range signals that are typical of SWR systems. The computational requirements of the proposed SRC method and other SRC methods are compared and simulation results of the proposed method are discussed. |
14,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Video Summarization by Learning Relationships between Action and Scene, and key words: Feature extraction, Visualization, Convolution, Semantics, Streaming media, Correlation, Task analysis. Abstract: We propose a novel deep architecture for video summarization in untrimmed videos that simultaneously recognizes action and scene classes for every video segments. Our networks accomplish this through a multi-task fusion approach based on two types of attention modules to explore semantic correlations between action and scene in the videos. The proposed networks consist of the feature embedding networks and attention inference networks to stochastically leverage the inferred action and scene feature representations. Additionally, we design a new center loss function that learns the feature representations by enforcing to minimize the intra-class variations and to maximize the inter-class variations. Our model achieves a score of 0.8409 for summarization and accuracy of 0.7294 for action and scene recognition on test set of CoVieW'19 dataset, which is ranked 3rd. |
14,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a novel dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications, and key words: Microstrip antennas, Patch antennas, Wireless LAN, Frequency estimation, Dual band, Bandwidth, Resonance, Slot antennas, Equivalent circuits, Impedance. Abstract: A novel dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications is presented and demonstrated. By embedding two pairs of arc shaped slots with a narrow slot protruding at each side, dual-band operation, with its operating mode centered at about frequencies 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, has been obtained. The proposed antenna has good gain and its impedance bandwidths defined by VSWR=2 can meet the requirements of dual ISM bands. |
14,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of a novel heart and respiratory rate sensor, and key words: Heart, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor arrays, Signal processing algorithms, Digital signal processing, Signal processing, Patient monitoring, Hospitals, Filtering algorithms, Electrocardiography. Abstract: Existing methods of electronic patient monitoring require tethering the patient to the device, which is not well tolerated. This study characterizes the performance of a novel sensor array and digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms that extract heart and respiratory rates. The sensor lies under the sheets on a hospital bed, and when the patient lies down, it detects pressure waves generated by the heart, and by the act of breathing. The algorithms identify these signals of interest, filtering out extraneous signals. Output of the algorithms was compared to output from ECG and transthoracic impedance, taken from the same subject, at the same time. Forty-four adult volunteers were recruited. The results demonstrated an average of mean differences for heart rate of 0.50 beats per minute, with a standard deviation of 0.51. The average of mean differences for respiratory rate was 0.39 with standard deviation of 0.55. These results suggest this noninvasive, non-restrictive method of measuring heart and respiratory rates may be a viable solution to the problem of decreased vigilance of patient condition faced on the in-patient wards. Future studies will characterize performance in ill populations, and examine alarm schemes that are both highly sensitive and specific for the target population. |
14,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving the Feature Set in IoT Intrusion Detection Problem Based on FP-Growth Algorithm, and key words: Feature extraction, Mathematical model, Data mining, Intrusion detection, Deep learning, Correlation, Itemsets. Abstract: This paper proposes and develops a new method to improve the feature set in IoT intrusion detection problem based on FP-Growth algorithm. Extracting a good feature set makes an important contribution to improving the accuracy of the IoT intrusion detection problem. Current studies on the detection of new IoT attacks focus on extracting independent features without considering the relationship between specific features and groups of features. Therefore, in the paper, we analyze and evaluate the original feature set to find the relationship between feature groups and add new features generated from relationships with a certain threshold to the original feature set to create the improved feature set. The detection of relationships reaching threshold is based on combination law mining technique according to FP-Growth algorithm. The improved feature set was tested with detection method based on convolution neural network with accuracy up to 98.2% and 1.45% improvement compared to the original feature set. |
14,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust and Efficient Fault Diagnosis of mm-Wave Active Phased Arrays Using Baseband Signal, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Baseband, Antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Probes, Phased arrays, Mathematical models. Abstract: One key communication block in 5G and 6G radios is the active phased array (APA). To ensure reliable operation, efficient and timely fault diagnosis of APAs on-site is crucial. To date, fault diagnosis has relied on measurement of frequency domain radiation patterns using costly equipment and multiple strictly controlled measurement probes, which are time consuming, complex, and therefore infeasible for on-site deployment. This article proposes a novel method exploiting a deep neural network (DNN) tailored to extract the features hidden in the baseband in-phase and quadrature signals for classifying the different faults. It requires only a single probe in one measurement point for fast and accurate diagnosis of the faulty elements and components in APAs. Validation of the proposed method is done using a commercial 28 GHz APA. Accuracies of 99% and 80% have been demonstrated for single- and multi-element failure detection, respectively. Three different test scenarios are investigated: ON-OFF antenna elements, phase variations, and magnitude attenuation variations. In a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 4 dB, stable fault detection accuracy above 90% is maintained. This is all achieved with a detection time of milliseconds (e.g., 6 ms), showing a high potential for on-site deployment. |
14,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Board level reliability study on three-dimensional thin stacked package, and key words: Packaging, Soldering, Fatigue, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Parametric study, Finite element methods, Materials reliability, Material properties, Land surface. Abstract: This paper discusses the optimal design for PS-etCSP to achieve reliable thermal fatigue life of solder joint. For this purpose design analysis was performed using both simulation and experimental approaches. Since reduction of warpage is most critical issue to ensure good solder joint connection for thin packages, parametric study was performed to find the optimal set of package outline dimensions using finite element method. Next to find the optimal design far solder joint reliability, 3D FEA fatigue model was established with non linear material properties of solder joint. Various factors such as ball land size, motherboard thickness and surface mounting type were studied. As a result, it is found that thin die with small size and small CTE molding compound is better for minimizing package warpage and larger opening size, thinner board and single mounting on board are good for solder joint reliability. The stack of package however has little effect on solder joint reliability. The effects of board thickness and surface mounting type (single/double) were investigated in terms of assembly stiffness and solder joint reliability. Simulation results showed good correspondence with experiment. The fatigue life and failure location predicted by simulation agreed well with experimental data. The fatigue life of optimal design was 1225 cycles for single PS-etCSP and 990 cycles for stacked PS-etCSP with single side mounting on board under the thermal cycling loading of temperature of -40/spl deg/C/spl sim/125/spl deg/C. Subsequently it can be concluded that optimal design of PS-etCSP can meet the requirement for most portable product applications. |
14,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion Based Masking of a Moving Vehicle's Environment, and key words: Optical flow, Image segmentation, Estimation, Cameras, Three-dimensional displays, Motion segmentation, Task analysis. Abstract: The problem of autonomous vehicle navigation requires the use of high-definition and well-maintained maps. Such a map can be constructed using the method developed for the so-called CrowdMapping architecture. This paper proposes a method for constructing masks for such map creation purposes via segmenting dynamic and static regions of an image sequence. The segmentation is performed by comparing a calculated and a predicted optical flow field. The proposed segmentation algorithm contains a single image depth estimation part for predicting the expected optical flow field. The comparison method of the two flow fields is also presented in this paper. The proposed method has been evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively using the KITTI vision dataset, and achieved a filtering error of 7...12% compared to manually prepared ground truth images. |
14,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial Exploration with a WiM for Capturing 3D Dioramic Snapshots, and key words: Geometry, Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, Pipelines, Entertainment industry, Virtual reality, User interfaces. Abstract: Immersive Virtual Reality can be a memorable medium for storytelling and artistic expression. However, taking snapshots of VR applications is commonly only possible by taking a two-dimensional screenshot on a tethered PC. We propose to capture 3D snapshots using the interaction technique World-In-Miniature (WiM) by using virtual RGB-D cameras to create three-dimensional snapshots that can be exported and viewed outside the application. We further describe a novel interaction method to fine-tune the content shown inside the WiM with VR controllers. This project is open-source and can be accessed at https://github.com/kyuq/3DWiMSnapshot |
14,753 | Please write an abstract with title: QSAR model of phenols generated by deep neural network, and key words: Compounds, Neural networks, Biological system modeling, Drugs, Predictive models, Correlation coefficient. Abstract: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) methods are robust techniques to study chemical compounds behavior vis-à-vis biological systems and to assist the drug design process. In this study we establish a QSAR model by means of deep neural networks (DNN) to study the cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds to Tetrahymena pyriformis, an aquatic organism. The established Quantitative Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationship (QSCR) model with DNN shows a high correlation coefficient (0.935) between hydrophobic, electronic and steric descriptors of the studied dataset of phenols and their cytotoxicity. The predictive ability of the network, tested by an external set of phenols, exhibits a correlation coefficient of 0.688. |
14,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning to Predict ICU Admission, ICU Mortality and Survivors’ Length of Stay among COVID-19 Patients: Toward Optimal Allocation of ICU Resources, and key words: Task analysis, COVID-19, Predictive models, Sensitivity, Diseases, Support vector machines, Machine learning. Abstract: COVID-19 causes burdens to the ICU. Evidence-based planning and optimal allocation of the scarce ICU resources is urgently needed but remains unaddressed. This study aims to identify variables and test the accuracy to predict the need for ICU admission, death despite ICU care, and among survivors, length of ICU stay, before patients were admitted to ICU. Retrospective data from 733 in-patients confirmed with COVD-19 in Wuhan, China, as of March 18, 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory were collected and analyzed using machine learning to build the predictive models. The built machine learning model can accurately assess ICU admission, length of ICU stay, and mortality in COVID-19 patients toward optimal allocation of ICU resources. The prediction can be done by using the clinical data collected within 1-15 days before the actual ICU admission. Lymphocyte absolute value involved in all prediction tasks with a higher AUC. The online predictive system is freely available to the public (http://212.64.70.65:8000/). |
14,755 | Please write an abstract with title: A HoneyNet Environment for Analyzing Malicious Actors, and key words: Conferences. Abstract: A honeypot is a web application or other resource that is deceptively constructed to log actions of its users, most (but not all) of whom can be assumed to be malicious actors. A honeynet is a network of honeypots. Thanks to their inter-connectedness, honeynets allow for vast amounts of data to be collected for analysis. In this paper we discuss how we came to build a honeynet, its design and implementation, and a few insights gained by analyzing attack data gathered from it. |
14,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of healthy elderly's gait characteristics by analyzing gait parameters, and key words: Legged locomotion, Knee, Databases, Senior citizens, Thigh, Timing, Safety. Abstract: For the elderly, the deterioration in the quality of life owing to the decline in walking function causes various problems like tripping and falling. Thus, it is important to improve the walking function by gait characteristics. In this study, Some gait parameters based on gait data were introduced, and gait characteristics of the elderly were analyzed by comparing with those of the young. The gait data published by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology were used. Data from 103 young (27 ± 6 years) and 107 elderly (69 ± 3 years) subjects were used. The following points characterize gait of the elderly in comparison with the gait of young adults. (1) The elderly's center of mass is located in a forward position in the area of the base of the support when walking. (2) A longer step length is correlated to the steeper inclination of lower limb axis on heel contact timing. (3) On the toe-off timing, steeper foot angle is less accompanied by the flexion of knee, unlike in young adults. (4) The increase in minimum foot clearance is accompanied by knee flexion at heel contact and backward swing of the lower leg at the toe-off timing. These findings are useful to develop walking assist suits that improve walking function in the elderly. |
14,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-domain MEC orchestration platform for enhanced Back Situation Awareness, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Conferences, Computer network reliability, Mission critical systems, Safety, Reliability, Vehicles. Abstract: In the context of public safety, 5G offers great opportunities towards enhancing mission-critical services, by running network functions at the network edge to provide reliable and low-latency services. This demo introduces an on-demand Back Situation Awareness (BSA) application service, in a multi-domain scenario, enabling early notification for vehicles of an approaching Emergency Vehicle (EmV), indicating its Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA). The application provides the drivers ample time to create a safety corridor for the EmV to pass through unhindered in a safe manner thereby increasing the mission success. For this demo, we have developed an orchestrated MEC platform on which we have implemented the BSA service following modern cloud-native principles, based on Docker and Kubernetes. |
14,758 | Please write an abstract with title: The Implications of Linguistic Characteristics in the Definition of a Learning Model, and key words: Deep learning, Mechatronics, Image recognition, Linguistics, Natural language processing, Complexity theory, Text processing. Abstract: In recent years, powerful deep learning models have emerged yielding state-of-the-art results in fields such as image recognition and natural language processing. In the particular case of text processing, various neural architectures have been defined to cope with the necessity of memory to process previous elements in a sequence text. This article makes use of quantitative methods and complexity indicators to provide empirical evidence for the adequacy of recurrent neural models and their corresponding variants. In other words, in this article we show how to determine the linguistic characteristics from text is fundamental to define the deep learning model to be used. |
14,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultrafast photocarrier dynamics in Dirac semimetal PtTe2 thin film, and key words: Silicon compounds, Spectroscopy, Spontaneous emission, Phonons, Optical pumping, Ultrafast electronics, Ultrafast optics. Abstract: The ultrafast photoexcited carrier and coherent phonon dynamics of 20 nm PtTe2 film on fused silica substrate were investigated systematically at room temperature using degenerate and non-degenerate femtosecond (fs) pump-probe spectroscopy. After 780 nm optical pump, photo-induced bleaching (PB) signal was observed, which originated from the band filling effect. The incoherent relaxation processes can be reproduced well with a double-exponential decay function, which have been assigned as the cooling of the thermal carriers and the recombination of electron-hole pairs mediated by phonon, respectively. Two distinct oscillation modes were identified, the low-frequency mode corresponds to the excitation of coherent acoustic phonon by photolaunched stress wave, and the high frequency mode is due to the coherent optical phonon stemming from out-of-plane (A1g) lattice motion. Our study provides an in-depth understanding to the relaxation mechanisms and phonons behavior of PtTe2 film in nonequilibrium states, and might pave the way for the design of electronic and optoelectronic devices. |
14,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral dielectric properties of moist soils in the microwave band, and key words: Soil, Microwave bands, Dielectric constant, Dielectric losses, Moisture, Volume relaxation, Conductivity, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Data processing, Microwave radiometry. Abstract: In this work, the spectral dielectric properties of moist soils in the microwave band were analyzed, using the generalized refractive mixing dielectric model (GRMDM). First, for different types of soil, all available data on dielectric constant (DC) and loss factor (LF) at zero volumetric moisture, maximum bound water fraction (MBWF) values, relating to these types of soil, as well as the static dielectric constants, relaxation times, and conductivities of both the bound soil water (BSW) and free soil water FSW were systematized in the form of a spectroscopic data base for moist soils. Second, using such a data base, the spectroscopic parameters relating to BSW and FSW were analyzed in terms of their dependence on the type of soil. In addition, for each individual soil, the dielectric spectra of both types of soil water were calculated with the use of GRMDM, in order to demonstrate the variability of those as a function of soil type. Finally, the soil water dielectric spectra together with the other parameters of the moist soil dielectric data base were applied to evaluate the dependence of moist soil emissivity on the type of soil, in the whole microwave band. From this point of view, the study conducted can be considered as a new approach, that opens perspective for carrying out both the feasibility studies and developing data processing algorithms in radiometry or radar remote sensing, using an appropriate spectroscopic data base for moist soils. |
14,761 | Please write an abstract with title: ULSI architectures for artificial neural networks, and key words: Ultra large scale integration, Artificial neural networks, Associative memory, Neurons, Microelectronics, Biological system modeling, Information processing, Parallel processing, Integrated circuit modeling, CMOS technology. Abstract: No clear consensus exists about how to exploit the potential for massively parallel implementations of artificial neural networks. Three hardware implementations to demonstrate the key issues surrounding their use are: model specific integrated circuits for neural associative memories, self-organizing feature maps, and local cluster neural networks. |
14,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a rotating perfectly conducting cylinder with arbitrary cross section: Point-matching method, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Light scattering, Engine cylinders, Radar scattering, Approximation methods, Doppler effect, Equations, Angular velocity, Frequency, Relativistic effects. Abstract: The problem of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a rotating perfectly conducting cylinder of arbitrary geometrical cross section is solved relativistically by the point-matching method. Since the formulation contains the relativistic Doppler effect due to the rotational motion of the cylinder, it can be applied to the case where the angular velocity of the cylinder is of arbitrary values. The general relativistic field-transformation formulas under the arbitrary coordinate transformations are employed to solve the problem. Numerical calculations are performed for the case of the rotating elliptic cylinder. The numerical illustrations of the angular distribution of the power density of various frequency components of the scattered waves are shown. The relativistic effect which is the Doppler effect due to the rotational motion of the cylindrical surface are discussed and compared with the results obtained by the quasistationary approximation method. |
14,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust control policy for semi-Markov decision processes with dependent uncertain parameters, and key words: Robust control, Computer networks, Uncertainty, Cost function, Optimization methods, Gradient methods, Robustness, Process control, Decision making, Infinite horizon. Abstract: Recent researches by Cao indicate that the concept of Markov performance potential plays an important role in the study of Markov or semi-Markov systems. If system parameters are known with certainty, many effective potential-based optimization methods may be developed for semi-Markov decision processes (SMDPs) by using the equivalent infinitesimal generator, which is defined by Cao for the first time and by Yin later in a different way. Unfortunately, some of the parameters are often difficult to derive or even slowly time-varying, which leads to the uncertainty of the equivalent infinitesimal transition rates. Under these cases, we focus on the solution of the optimal robust control policy for both average- and discounted-cost SMDPs with dependent parameters, which are represented as compact sets. Potential-based solution techniques such as gradient methods are discussed for designing robust decision schemes. |
14,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Orthogonal projection pursuit using genetic optimization, and key words: Face recognition, Principal component analysis, Genetic algorithms, Constraint optimization, Training data, Humans, Error analysis, Data analysis, Independent component analysis, Gaussian processes. Abstract: Projection pursuit is concerned with finding interesting low-dimensional subspace of multivariate data. In this paper we proposed a genetic optimization approach to find the globally optimal orthogonal subspace given training data and user defined criterion on what subspaces are interesting. We then applied this approach to human face recognition. Suppose face recognition is done by simple correlation, a subspace is obtained using our approach that achieve the lowest error rate of face recognition given FERET data set as training set. As Yambor [W.S. Yambor, et al., 2000] showed in experiments that PCA subspace is a pretty good subspace for correlation-based face recognition, we compared the performance of the sub-space we obtained with that of PCA subspace. Experiment result showed this subspace outperformed PCA subspace. |
14,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms Evaluation for Improving Classification and Counting Model in Warehouse Receiving Management, and key words: Correlation coefficient, Histograms, Image color analysis, Shape, Conferences, Data engineering, Data models. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to evaluate algorithms and select a suitable one to improve the data accuracy of industrial components classification as well as counting in the warehouse receiving management. The modified algorithm is based on the colour space principle. We performed a series of experiments by adjusting the ratio of the white colour histogram to receive a superior performance for the proposed ANNCIC model (Artificial Neural Network Model for Components Identification and Counting). The tasks in this study consist of industrial images collection, pre-processing of the image data set and experiments. The outcome of experiments demonstrated the histogram correlation coefficient of the white colour has outperformed the pixel standard deviation which has achieved an accuracy of 93.75 per cent in classification and a 94.29 per cent accuracy in counting. This improved approach is worth more investigation by an extensive image data set of industrial components in the receiving management. |
14,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Enhancement of a Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor EV Energy Storage System, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Degradation, Simulation, Supercapacitors, Aging, Tools, Data models. Abstract: The energy consumption pattern of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery bank in Electric Vehicles (EVs) exhibits rapid fluctuations for different driving cycles, leading to battery degradation and shortening its lifetime. This paper presents an energy management strategy for a hybrid EV energy storage system (HESS) that integrates the EV battery with a bank of supercapacitors (SC), aiming to reduce the degradation rate of EV batteries. The presented work uses data from driving simulations conducted on Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator tool for a low-speed zone, particularly a university campus. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation is conducted for the proposed energy management strategy to demonstrate how the system manages the energy flow between the battery and the supercapacitors. Results reveal that the proposed model is able to reduce the EV battery temperature and hence reduce its degradation by approximately 50% compared to the situation when the Li-ion battery is solely used. |
14,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on density-independent arithmetic for measuring moisture of cereal with microwave, and key words: Arithmetic, Density measurement, Microwave measurements, Moisture measurement, Microwave theory and techniques, Monitoring, Fluctuations, Dielectrics, Equations, Calibration. Abstract: Microwave techniques are suitable for real-time monitoring and control. However, when using in cereal moisture determination, bulk density fluctuations cause significant errors. The density-independent function that is limited to transmission techniques was obtained by experience, and has been widely used in many papers. A function, which interrelates with the cereal's dielectric properties, is identified, and regression equations of moisture are given. The calibration function of moisture and bulk density is presented based on the new density-independent function. Experiment shows the good performance of the arithmetic with determination coefficient and the mean squared error are 0.985 and 0.019 respectively. |
14,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of CMOS Device Performance by a Combination of Spike and Flash Annealing, and key words: Fabrication, Resistance, Performance evaluation, Rapid thermal annealing, MOSFET, Correlation, Temperature. Abstract: As the size of semiconductor devices scales down, the fabrication of devices calls for highly activated source/drain with as little diffusion as possible. Continuing a trend that began with rapid thermal annealing (RTA), anneals continue to shrink in time and increase in temperature. This paper describes a fabrication process that uses a combination of spike RTA, laser spike annealing (LSA) and flash lamp annealing (FLA) and the device characteristics of product wafers showed positive results. The superior electrical characteristics of NMOS transistors whose gate length is less than 50nm, which are fabricated by using the FLA process, are demonstrated and leads to better threshold-voltage (Vt) roll-offs. Vt roll-off, Vt-Ion, Ion-Ioff correlation have been reviewed, with FLA combined, core N and PMOS device performance gains 2.5% and 5% respectively. The main benefits of flash annealing for junction formation are low sheet resistance junctions with a high level of activation together with no or limited diffusion. |
14,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Biologically Inspired Ultrathin Array Cameras, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Multispectral imaging, Insects, Microscopy, Machine vision, Microfabrication. Abstract: Insect eyes have superior visual functions for advanced multi-functional imaging applications. Here we report various microfabrication methods for microlens arrays and an ultrathin arrayed camera for high contrast and high-resolution multifunctional imaging, inspired by the vision system of Xenos peckii. Like insect's multifunctional vision, this ultrathin array camera allows large field-of-view, 3D imaging, high speed imaging, microscopic imaging, and multispectral imaging. This work also includes recent achievements on assorted biomedical applications. |
14,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Embeddable Structure for Reducing Mutual Coupling in Massive MIMO Antennas, and key words: Mutual coupling, Couplings, Dipole antennas, MIMO communication, Antenna radiation patterns, Metals. Abstract: An embeddable decoupling structure is proposed for massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) antennas in this paper. The embeddable decoupling structure is made up of an end-folded metal strip and a pair of C-shaped metal strips. By introducing the embeddable decoupling structure near two closely spaced dipole antennas, additional coupling can be generated to counterbalance the original mutual coupling between the dipole antennas. The decoupling structure is firstly designed for a 1×2 MIMO antenna, which can provide a reduction of about 5 dB for the mutual coupling. Then, an evolutional decoupling structure is designed, which is composed of a pair of inverted U-shaped metal strips and two parallel reversed C-shaped metal strips. The evolutional decoupling structure is employed in a 3 × 3 MIMO antenna operating in 5G bands to demonstrate its capability of decoupling. An average reduction of about 10 dB on mutual coupling is obtained over 3.3-4.5 GHz (30.8%). Moreover, it is found that the deteriorated radiation patterns due to the mutual coupling are improved. The decoupling structure can be totally embedded in a M-MIMO antenna, which has no increase in the antenna volume. The proposed decoupling structure exhibits advantages of radiation pattern distortion alleviation, wideband, embeddable, and dual-polarized capabilities for M-MIMO applications. |
14,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Monopole Array With Reduced Half-Power Beamwidth Variation, and key words: Antenna arrays, Broadband antennas, Antenna measurements, Antenna radiation patterns, Antenna feeds, Frequency measurement, Linear antenna arrays. Abstract: This paper reports on the design and practical validation of monopole antenna arrays with reduced half-power beamwidth (HPBW) variation in a bandwidth (BW) greater than one octave of the RF spectrum. The HPBW variation is reduced by feeding the antenna elements with frequency-dependent feed networks. The feed networks are designed in such a way that the element power is gradually shifted from the outer elements at low frequencies to the inner elements at high frequencies. The operating principles of the proposed concept are explored through simulated examples of four-element arrays made of isotropic elements and then realistic monopole elements. Scalability of the concept to eight-element arrays is also explored using ideal simulations. For practical validation purposes, a four-element monopole antenna array and its corresponding feed network are designed and measured. The prototype resulted in a HPBW variation of 78% in a 2.6:1 BW, which is significantly reduced compared to the uniformly fed array, having a 216% variation. |
14,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Key management for simultaneous join/leave in secure multicast, and key words: Complexity theory, Tree data structures, Multicast algorithms, Satellites, Educational institutions, Computer science, Multicast communication, Unicast, Scalability, Cryptography. Abstract: In this paper, we address the problem of key update for secure group communication. We focus on the case where multiple requests for join or leave are received within short intervals of time. We have shown that there exists an optimal tree structure that minimizes the communication complexity of the key update. We introduce and compare several algorithms for simultaneous key update, efficient tree construction, and tree adaptation to variable requests load. |
14,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolving Neuromodulated Controllers in Variable Environments, and key words: Evolution (biology), Animals, Conferences, Biological processes, Rivers, Complexity theory, Plastics. Abstract: Modern technical systems are increasingly composed of heterogeneous components that are situated in variable environments. In nature, organisms can temporarily adapt their behaviour to novel stimuli with behavioural plasticity; this can be achieved with neuromodulation, a biological process that modulates synaptic activity in the brain. We explore how neuromodulation affects goal-achievement in evolved neural controllers for artificial agents in variable environments. As variability can arise from the actions of others, we show that the benefit of plasticity can increase with variability, as agents can temporarily change their phenotype within their lifetime. Further, we show that cooperation can emerge between plastic agents that cannot perceive one another in highly variable environments. |
14,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter-Wave Substrate-Integrated Dielectric Resonator Antennas, and key words: Wireless communication, Resonant frequency, Dielectric resonator antennas, Dielectrics, Scattering parameters, Millimeter wave integrated circuits, Substrates. Abstract: In this paper, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for designing dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) at the millimeter-wave band is introduced. The basic substrate-integrated DRA (SIDRA) structure is investigated first, and then several SIDRAs, including circularly polarized (CP) SIDRA arrays at 60 GHz band and dual-frequency SIDRA with a large frequency ratio, are presented. Their configurations and results are presented. |
14,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Inter-Beam Modulation Prediction and Test for Multi-Beam Active Arrays with Beam-Hopping Capability, and key words: Antenna measurements, Microwave measurement, Microwave antennas, Time division multiple access, Modulation, Predictive models, Reflector antennas. Abstract: In recent years, multi-beam and beam-hopping antennas (for TDMA application) have become a standard in Space Industry. In such a way, new issues appeared when complex active antenna arrays with beam-hopping, multi-beam and other multiple features and capabilities have been developed. One of these issues is the inter-beam modulation or carrier related noise that appears on a fixed beam when other beams are in beam-hopping configuration. A well understanding of this issue and prediction methods are mandatory in order to apply any design prevention to avoid or mitigate inter-beam modulation effect as much as possible, fulfilling spurious system or subsystem requirements. In this paper, a simplified model of an active array will be introduced in order to explain, extrapolate and formulate inter-beam predictions. In addition, some measurements on a Multi-Chip-Module (MCM) with Beam-hopping multi-beam capabilities will be presented to correlate prediction and measurements. The both validated concept and approach can be properly extrapolated to more complex and larger active arrays by antenna designers. |
14,776 | Please write an abstract with title: A Phase-Locking Method for Beam Steering in Active Array Antennas, and key words: Phased arrays, Beam steering, Antenna arrays, Phase shifters, Radio frequency, Microwave oscillators, RF signals, Pulse circuits, Circuit testing, L-band. Abstract: A new principle for phase shifting, and hence beam steering, on an active array antenna is described. Each individual RF source is phase locked by a stable locking signal which is close in frequency to the nth harmonic of its free-running frequency. Pulses of appropriate amplitude and duration applied to the dc circuitry cause the fundamental output frequency of the RF source to shift in phase by increments of 2/spl pi//n. The construction and testing of a four-element L-band (1-GHz) array using transistor oscillators locked at S-band (4 GHz) to give 90/spl deg/ phase increments is described. |
14,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Open Data Based Model of the Dutch High-Voltage Power System, and key words: Europe, High-voltage techniques, Data models, Power systems, Smart grids, Numerical models, Open data. Abstract: A numerical model of a power system can be used to get accurate insights into the impact of policies and investment decisions regarding the transformation of the energy system, while also helping in identifying bottlenecks in implementing decisions. Spatial aggregation, especially for generation and load, must be carefully approached to obtain such a valid model of a power system. The two main contributions of this paper are introducing a valid model of the Dutch high-voltage power system based on open data and open-source software, and proposing a method for spatially aggregating generation and load capacities to high-voltage nodes of the power system. The representative model will enable interdisciplinary research on policy-making and investment decisions specific to the Netherlands. |
14,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Cryogenic Temperature TDDB in 45-nm PDSOI N-channel FETs for Quantum Computing Applications, and key words: Temperature distribution, Electron traps, Quantum computing, Shape, Photonic band gap, Silicon-on-insulator, Cryogenics. Abstract: We have investigated and report here for the first time time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in 45-nm RFSOI n-channel floating body MOSFETs at cryogenic temperatures. DC constant voltage stress is applied at the gate while the substrate chuck temperature is varied from 300K down to 10K. While t63 decreases with increasing temperature, shape parameter β shows an inverted U-shaped behavior which is explained using the bandgap model. Three levels of activation energy are seen for high, low and deep low temperatures where the activation energy decreases from high to deep low temperatures. The observed behavior is further explained using carrier energy shift in the bandgap as per the percolation theory. |
14,779 | Please write an abstract with title: The end of evanescent waves in free space, and key words: Fourier transforms, Kernel, Partial differential equations, Nonuniform electric fields, Books, Polynomials. Abstract: It is rigorously showed that any solution of the homogeneous Helmholtz equation in free space is band-limited to a circle of radius k in the plane z=0 and evanescent waves in the angular spectrum representation are really absent. If the part of spectrum that gives rise to evanescent waves is not equal to zero then specified field distribution is not exactly the solution of the wave equation. |
14,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance versus effort for decision feedback equalization - an analysis based on SC/FDE adapted to IEEE 802.11a, and key words: Decision feedback equalizers, Performance analysis, Frequency domain analysis, OFDM, Performance gain, Limiting, Signal processing, Convolution, Feeds, Modulation coding. Abstract: In this work we investigate the meaning of decision feedback equalization for a single carrier system with frequency domain equalization (SC/FDE) in an overall system approach, based on the parameters of the IEEE 802.11a standard. The concept of SC/FDE allows an advantageous combination of feed forward frequency domain equalization and feed back equalization in the time domain, that combines low signal processing complexity and powerful equalization. Although the concept of decision feedback equalization (DFE) is a well known and developed theory, this nonlinear equalization is rarely investigated in an overall system approach. Based on that the possible performance gain will be characterized under the constraints of channel characteristics, error propagation, higher order modulation schemes and channel coding. It will be demonstrated that these elements have significant influence on the possible performance of DFE and may reduce the propagated high performance gain. |
14,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Communication Signals Using Learning Approaches for Cognitive Radio Applications, and key words: Feature extraction, OFDM, Frequency-domain analysis, Detectors, Correlation, Wideband. Abstract: Signal detection, identification, and characterization are among the major challenges in aerial communication systems. The ability to detect and recognize signals using cognitive technologies is still under active development when addressing uncertainties regarding signal parameters, such as blank spaces available within the transmitted signal and the utilized bandwidth. This paper proposes a learning-based identification framework for heterogeneous signals with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation as generated in a simulated environment at an a priori unknown frequency. The implemented region-based signal identification method utilizes cyclostationary features for robust signal detection. Signal characterization is performed using a purposely-built, lightweight, region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN). It is shown that the proposed framework is robust in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and, despite its simplicity, shows better performance compared with conventional popular network architectures, such as GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and VGG 16. The signal characterization performance is validated under two degraded environments that are unknown to the system: Doppler shifted and small-scale fading. High performance is demonstrated under both degraded conditions over a wide range of signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and it is shown that the detection probability for the proposed approach is improved over those for conventional energy detectors. It is found that the signal characterization performance deteriorates under extreme conditions, such as lower SNRs and higher Doppler shifts. |
14,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of A Large Equipment Shelter Structure, and key words: Heating systems, Insulation, Liquid cooling, Skeleton, Finite element analysis, Rigidity, Reliability. Abstract: With the development of miniaturization of equipment, the equipment in the shelter has higher and higher requirements for heat insulation. The liquid cooling system can effectively improve the heat insulation ability, but the cooling system has a large weight, and the rigidity and strength requirements of the outer shelter structure are high, especially the hoisting state of the shelter, which is a dangerous working condition during the use of the shelter. This type of shelter should focus on the load-bearing area during the design process, and combine the finite element method to verify the simulation and improve the design efficiency. For the characteristics of the layout of a certain type equipment shelter, a special design is presented in this paper. The area with large load was partially strengthened, and the finite element model of the shelter skeleton was established under the premise of reasonable simplification. The stiffness and intensity of the shelter structure were analyzed by finite element method. The analysis results shows that the type of the shelter is reasonable and feasible, and the finite element method has a strong guiding significance in structural design, it also shows that the finite element method can effectively improve the design quality. |
14,783 | Please write an abstract with title: To the radiation of particles in a solenoid, and key words: Solenoids, Cooling, Electrons, Magnetic fields, Damping, Energy loss, Undulators, Temperature sensors, Particle beams, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: We attract attention that the well known law of radiation during motion in solenoid, allowing transverse momentum loss independently from its longitudinal one, can be used effectively for cooling of charged particles beams practically not dependent of their energy. |
14,784 | Please write an abstract with title: <i>pAElla</i>: Edge AI-Based Real-Time Malware Detection in Data Centers, and key words: Malware, Monitoring, Real-time systems, Edge computing, Power measurement, Training, Internet of Things. Abstract: The increasing use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices for monitoring a wide spectrum of applications, along with the challenges of “big data” streaming support they often require for data analysis, is nowadays pushing for increased attention to the emerging edge computing paradigm. In particular, smart approaches to manage and analyze data directly on the network edge, are more and more investigated, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered edge computing is envisaged to be a promising direction. In this article, we focus on data centers (DCs) and supercomputers (SCs), where a new generation of high-resolution monitoring systems is being deployed, opening new opportunities for analysis like anomaly detection and security, but introducing new challenges for handling the vast amount of data it produces. In detail, we report on a novel lightweight and scalable approach to increase the security of DCs/SCs, which involves AI-powered edge computing on high-resolution power consumption. The method-called pAElla-targets real-time malware detection (MD), it runs on an out-of-band IoT-based monitoring system for DCs/SCs, and involves power spectral density of power measurements, along with autoencoders. Results are promising, with an F1-score close to 1, and a false alarm and malware miss rate close to 0%. We compare our method with State-of-the-Art (SoA) MD techniques and show that, in the context of DCs/SCs, pAElla can cover a wider range of malware, significantly outperforming SoA approaches in terms of accuracy. Moreover, we propose a methodology for online training suitable for DCs/SCs in production, and release open data set and code. |
14,785 | Please write an abstract with title: High speed cavity ringdown spectroscopy with increased spectral resolution by synchronous laser and cavity tuning, and key words: Laser tuning, Spectroscopy, Ring lasers, Optical tuning, Optical sensors, Monitoring, Image motion analysis, Performance analysis, Fluid flow measurement, Character generation. Abstract: Non-intrusive optical sensing tools are needed to monitor trace molecular oxygen (O/sub 2/) in reactive flows generated in blow-down wind tunnels. Continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is a promising candidate to perform such analysis. However, those measurements impose strong constraints since flow generation is realized during short gusts (200 ms), characterized by low pressures and aerodynamic conditions changing rapidly. The crucial issue therefore consists in developing CRDS as a fast and high-resolution diagnostic method. |
14,786 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel wideband embedded decoupling structure that eliminates bypass capacitors by controlling resonances, and key words: Wideband, Capacitors, Resonance, Frequency, Printed circuits, Damping, Crosstalk, Impedance, Circuit simulation, Assembly. Abstract: Power supply decoupling networks are essential elements of electronic products for reasons of both signal integrity and the control of emissions. Such networks are large and underdamped, resulting in numerous resonances that can exacerbate crosstalk and emissions problems. They also use a large number of components and occupy a significant amount of space. This paper proposes a novel, patent pending, charge-storage basement (CSB) structure that eliminates the need for most discrete bypass capacitors and squelches resonances by incorporating perimeter damping without increasing dc losses. The performance of an example structure is evaluated by computing supply-point impedance functions using a full-wave simulator across a frequency range at various points on the structure. |
14,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Mobile RFID reader with database wireless synchronization, and key words: Radiofrequency identification, Databases, RFID tags, Frequency synchronization, Personal digital assistants, Batteries, Application software, Passive RFID tags, Radio frequency, Integrated circuit technology. Abstract: Using radio scanners to wirelessly identify consumer is not too complex in reality. The current form of this technology known as radio frequency identification, or RFID, has three building blocks: small tags built around microchips that carry a digital identification code; scanners also known as readers; and networking hardware and software to link scanners to computer databases. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a mobile RFID reader using a PDA, an OEM flash card reader module, RFID passive tags and a database. The reader opens a serial port and then reads a tag to use it as an index key in the database to access and show the record associated to the tag. Any change is wirelessly synchronized to a database server. |
14,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the effects of temperature variations on Inertial Measurement Units for UAV, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Weight measurement, Temperature dependence, Temperature distribution, Measurement units, Inertial navigation. Abstract: The wide expansion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is leading to an increased number of failures and accidents. Sensors and measurement platforms represent some of the most critical items from a reliability point of view because redundancy strategies to avoid failures are usually not applicable due to cost, size, and weight limitations. Furthermore, the operating conditions that the UAV could endure during a single profile mission could be highly variable and highly severe. For these reasons, it is fundamental to investigate the metrological performances and the system reliability of measurement platforms installed on UAVs taking into account the actual environmental conditions during the flight. In this work, a customized measurement setup has been developed to test the response of a set of low-cost Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) varying the operating temperature of the devices. Temperature dependencies of the IMU’s output have been investigated, taking into account a slow temperature variation within a climatic chamber up to 100 °C. The results emphasize the presence of significant drifts of the sensor’s output even within a limited temperature range, highlighting the effectiveness of a possible error compensation procedure. |
14,789 | Please write an abstract with title: R2L: Routing With Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Adaptation models, Network topology, Heuristic algorithms, Neural networks, Reinforcement learning, Tools, Benchmark testing. Abstract: In a packet network, the routes taken by traffic can be determined according to predefined objectives. Assuming that the network conditions remain static and the defined objectives do not change, mathematical tools such as linear programming could be used to solve this routing problem. However, networks can be dynamic or the routing requirements may change. In that context, Reinforcement Learning (RL), which can learn to adapt in dynamic conditions and offers flexibility of behavior through the reward function, presents as a suitable tool to find good routing strategies. In this work, we train an RL agent, which we call R2L, to address the routing problem. The policy function used in R2L is a neural network and we use an evolution strategy algorithm to determine its weights and biases. We tested R2L in two different scenarios: static and dynamic networks conditions. In the first, we used a 16-node network and experimented with different reward functions, observing that R2L was able to adapt its routing behavior accordingly. Finally, in the second experiment, we used a 5-node network topology where a given link's transmission rate changed during the simulation. In this scenario, we observed that R2L was able to deliver a competitive performance, compared to heuristic benchmarks, with changing network conditions. |
14,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Degree of Polymerization Evaluation of power transformer with Near infrared spectroscopy using Back Propagation Neural Networks, and key words: Backpropagation, Viscosity, Spectroscopy, Neural networks, Power grids, Mathematical models, Power system reliability. Abstract: The degree of polymerization (DP) of insulating paper is a key factor to measure the performance of power transformer. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can test the degree of polymerization of insulating paper quickly and nondestructively, however, the poor generalization ability of prediction algorithm limits its application. In this paper, we carry out accelerated aging test on four kinds of insulating paper, which are typical insulating paper of transformer in Hainan power grid. The insulating paper with different degrees of aging were detected by the NIRS and the DP with viscosity method. The data of NIRS and DP were used to establish the quantitative mathematical relationship applied with Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) model. The results show that the BPNN model has a high accuracy, which is more suitable in Hainan power grid. |
14,791 | Please write an abstract with title: NOELLE Offers Empowering LLVM Extensions, and key words: Codes, Program processors, Parallel processing, Optimization, Open source software. Abstract: Modern and emerging architectures demand increasingly complex compiler analyses and transformations. As the emphasis on compiler infrastructure moves beyond support for peephole optimizations and the extraction of instruction-level parallelism, compilers should support custom tools designed to meet these demands with higher-level analysis-powered abstractions and functionalities of wider program scope. This paper introduces NOELLE, a robust open-source domain-independent compilation layer built upon LLVM providing this support. NOELLE extends abstractions and functionalities provided by LLVM enabling advanced, program-wide code analyses and transformations. This paper shows the power of NOELLE by presenting a diverse set of 11 custom tools built upon it. |
14,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability and failure mode of chip-on-film with non-conductive adhesive, and key words: Nonconductive adhesives, Thermal stresses, Substrates, Bonding, Temperature, Failure analysis, Integrated circuit packaging, Glass, Silicon compounds, Aging. Abstract: COF (chip-on-film) is a new technology after TAB (tape-automated-bonding) and (COG) chip-on-glass in the interconnection of LCD drive ICs. The thickness of the film is more flexible than TAB, and can be as thin as 50 /spl mu/m. Currently, the lead pitch of the film substrate can reach 30 /spl mu/m and this is difficult for TAB. It has pre-test capability, while COG does not have. It possesses great potential in many product-fabrication applications. There are many kinds of COF interconnection technology, such as eutectic bonding, non-conductive-adhesive (NCA) joining and anisotropic-conductive-film (ACF) joining etc. The NCA interconnection technology for COF can meet the needs of fine pitch for higher-resolution LCD panel applications. The quality of COF with NCA was controlled by materials and parameter optimization, and experiments were carried out to understand the quality of the NCA process. In this paper, several issues of the NCA process for COF were discussed, include joint characteristics, reliability, and failure mode analysis. A silica filler is added to the NCA to adjust the basic characteristics such as CTE and Young's modulus. The reliability includes aging and peeling tests which were carried out to evaluate the joint quality of the "COF with NCA" process. And then failure mode analysis, including SAT and cross-sectioning, were undertaken to evaluate the process parameters and NCA characteristics. |
14,793 | Please write an abstract with title: The Vector Space Formulation of the Rain Crosspolarization Problem and Its Compensations, and key words: Rain, Polarization, Frequency, Communication system control, Crosstalk, Radio communication, Vectors, Interference, Noise cancellation, Fading. Abstract: The rain crosspolarization problem is formulated in a vector space. In this formulation signals are vectors, and the crosspolarization effect is an operator. The compensators currently designed for satellite communications become the inverse operator approach in this formulation. A new approach using eigenvectors is developed. The result indicates that use of two orthogonal linear polarizations and a rotation of their directions can eliminate the crosspolatization. A feedback loop can be used to control the rotation angle, and only one control variable is sufficient. Even if no satellite applications have been found, good potential in terrestrial systems is expected. |
14,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and Evaluation of Chip-Enabled Raised Pavement Markers for Lane Line Detection, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy consumption, Costs, Vehicle-to-infrastructure, Sensor fusion, Energy efficiency, Sensors. Abstract: Increased energy consumption from autonomous vehicle (AV) sensors and computational load as well as upfront costs of sensors are barriers to broad AV adoption. For high quality and reliable perception of the driving environment, incoming data from multiple sensors need to be fused together using advanced computational algorithms, which requires a high compute load. As an alternative, infrastructure-based sensors can be designed to facilitate perception and sensing by supporting vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) information exchange. This work presents the initial development and evaluation of a novel energy efficient infrastructure-based sensor. The sensor, a chip-enabled raised pavement marker (CERPM), is capable of wireless communications to exchange environment information with AVs. As a test case, the developed CERPM is applied in real-world driving to perform lane line and drivable region detection for an AV. It is shown that CERPMs can be utilized to effectively detect the lane line and drivable region, which can improve perception while reducing the compute load. |
14,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced Complexity MIMO MMSE-DFE, and key words: MIMO, Frequency, Decision feedback equalizers, Fading, Bandwidth, Maximum likelihood estimation, Hardware, Dispersion, Intersymbol interference, Filters. Abstract: We present a reduced complexity MIMO MMSE-DFE coefficient computation algorithm which is based on an improvement to the fast block algorithm developed in N. Al-Dhahir and A.H. Sayed (2000). We have achieved a nearly 50% reduction in complexity by eliminating the computation of unnecessary terms. The effects due to finite precision arithmetic on SNR are also considered and a minimum fixed-point word length of 32 bits results in no noticeable performance loss. Hardware implementation issues depend on several factors and these are also discussed |
14,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Detection of Masses From Mammographic Images via Artificial Intelligence Techniques, and key words: Image segmentation, Mammography, Active contours, Sensors, Feature extraction, Delta-sigma modulation, Filtering. Abstract: A novel computer-aided tool for automated sensing of normal tissue and abnormal masses from mammographic X-ray images is described. The pre-processing technique was firstly adopted for noise elimination on mammographic images. The automatic initialization of active contour was then placed on the pre-processed image for segmentation followed by deep convolutional neural networks to extract the features. Principal component analysis was then applied to choose the most significant features as input to the support vector machine classifier. Lastly, k-fold cross-validation techniques were executed for results validation. The developed tool was tested on public available datasets, namely Mammographic Image Analysis Society, and Digital Database for Screening Mammogram, based on eight evaluation methods: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, area under curve (AUC), F1-score, precision, and recall. The outcome demonstrated the proposed system as a competitive tool in assisting radiologists as it attains an average of 95.24%, 93.94%, 96.61%, 94.66, 93.00%, 94.34%, and 0.98 for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC, respectively for testing on a combination of the aforementioned two datasets. |
14,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Living in Interesting Times [MicroBusiness], and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Social factors, Business. Abstract: Discusses the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had both socially as well as within the business communities. |
14,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Design of Federated Learning for Edge-Intelligent Networks, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Computational modeling, Data models, Performance evaluation, Downlink, Uplink, Training. Abstract: Mass data traffics, low-latency wireless services and advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have driven the emergence of a new paradigm for wireless networks, namely edge-intelligent networks, which are more efficient and flexible than traditional cloud-intelligent networks. Considering users’ privacy, model sharing-based federated learning (FL) that migrates model parameters but not private data from edge devices to a central cloud is particularly attractive for edge-intelligent networks. Due to multiple rounds of iterative updating of high-dimensional model parameters between base station (BS) and edge devices, the communication reliability is a critical issue of FL for edge-intelligent networks. We reveal the impacts of the errors generated during model broadcast and model aggregation via wireless channels caused by channel fading, interference and noise on the accuracy of FL, especially when there exists channel uncertainty. To alleviate the impacts, we propose a robust FL algorithm for edge-intelligent networks with channel uncertainty, which is formulated as a worst-case optimization problem with joint device selection and transceiver design. Finally, simulation results validate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
14,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Notes on three-phase induction motors, and key words: Induction motors, Oil insulation, Heating systems, Stress, Oils. Abstract: (Member): I consider Mr. Herd's paper excellent; especially for the office shelf for reference. It is full of useful information, but I would like to remind him when he enlarges so ably upon the necessity of suitably choosing motors, that we are now in Johannesburg and not at Schenectady, and that not being able to wait six months for delivery, we have to be thankful for what we can get. With regard to running motors on unbalanced circuits, the same excessive heating effects have been noticed with three-phase transformers, and if the loss of balance cannot be helped then three single-phase transformers are more suitable. I think that perhaps too much stress is laid on the subject of out of balance circuits, because the tests were made with an artificially created out of balance ratio; under ordinary circumstances every three-phase motor added to a circuit tends to pull the phases into balance. The effects produced at the test, however, are sufficiently extraordinary to call for close attention, and very possibly many of the cases of excessive heating of motors running on small plants on these fields may be traced to this cause. |
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