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14,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing QPM efficiency in periodic poling, and key words: Electrodes, Laboratories, Electronic mail, Optical devices, Optical waveguides, Optical materials, Nonlinear optics, Nonlinear optical devices. Abstract: QPM efficiency in periodic poling is enhanced if periodic electrodes of a shortened width are used. The maximized conversion efficiency and the optimized width of the periodic electrodes are determined from the nonlinearity distribution. |
14,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability analysis of a DC motor system using universal learning networks, and key words: Stability analysis, DC motors, Robust stability, Lyapunov method, Nonlinear dynamical systems, H infinity control, Taylor series, Analytical models, Information science, Production systems. Abstract: Stability is one of the most important subjects in control systems. As for the stability of nonlinear dynamical systems, Lyapunov's direct method and linearized stability analysis method have been widely used. However, finding an appropriate Lyapunov function is fairly difficult, especially for complex nonlinear dynamical systems. Also, it is hard to obtain the locally asymptotically stable region (R/sub LAS/) by these methods. Therefore, it is highly motivated to develop a new stability analysis method that can obtain R/sub LAS/ easily. Accordingly, in this paper, a new stability analysis method based on the higher ordered derivatives (HODs) of universal learning networks (ULNs) with /spl xi/ approximation and its application to a DC motor system are described. The proposed stability analysis method is carried out through two steps: firstly, calculating the first ordered derivatives of any node of the trajectory with respect to the initial disturbances and checking if their values approach zero at time infinity or not. If they approach zero, then the trajectory is locally asymptotically stable. Secondly, obtaining R/sub LAS/, where the first order terms of Taylor expansion are dominant compared to the second order terms with /spl xi/ approximation. |
14,602 | Please write an abstract with title: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Scalable Wireless Power Control, and key words: Interference channels, Neural networks, Power control, Wireless communication, Convolution, Resource management. Abstract: Deep neural networks have recently emerged as a disruptive technology to solve NP-hard wireless resource allocation problems in a real-time manner. However, the adopted neural network structures, e.g., multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN), are inherited from deep learning for image processing tasks, and thus are not tailored to problems in wireless networks. In particular, the performance of these methods deteriorates dramatically when the wireless network size becomes large. In this paper, we propose to utilize graph neural networks (GNNs) to develop scalable methods for solving the power control problem in K-user interference channels. Specifically, a K-user interference channel is first modeled as a complete graph, where the quantitative information of wireless channels is incorporated as the features of the graph. We then propose an interference graph convolutional neural network (IGCNet) to learn the optimal power control in an unsupervised manner. It is shown that one- layer IGCNet is a universal approximator to continuous set functions, which well matches the permutation invariance property of interference channels and it is robust to imperfect channel state information (CSI). Extensive simulations will show that the proposed IGCNet outperforms existing methods and achieves significant speedup over the classic algorithm for power control, namely, WMMSE. |
14,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Green Bond Financing Development Research in China, and key words: Economics, Green products, Government, Force, Finance, Data science, Sustainable development. Abstract: In order to promote economic development, China has paid a high environmental price. Although this measure has led to economic development, it has caused irreparable damage to the environment. Green and sustainable development has become the theme of the development of today's times. as an important force in green finance, green bonds are based on environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development. it is an important link to promote the establishment of a green financial system in an all-round way in the 13th five-year Plan, and it also represents the new development direction of the world financial industry. Based on the above background, first of all, the definition of green bonds and combined with relevant theories, through the case analysis, ratio analysis and other methods to conduct in-depth research. Secondly, it analyzes the issuance of domestic green bonds and finds out its shortcomings. Finally, through the analysis of the emergence stage of China's green bond financing related suggestions, including the issuer of the management of funds raised, government departments how to introduce relevant policy incentives, as well as regulatory supervision and other appropriate suggestions. So that green bonds can get a healthy development in our country, at the same time, it can provide relevant reference for other enterprises to carry out green bond financing. |
14,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal path optimization in software-defined radio systems, and key words: Radio frequency, Transceivers, Fast Fourier transforms, Source separation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Iron, Receivers, Computer architecture, AWGN, Baseband. Abstract: Growing requirements set upon communication transceivers lead to high sensitivity to nonidealities of analog components, especially in case of software-defined radio (SDR) systems. This paper deals with disturbances, mismatches, and the rejection of images that are caused by the front-end processing. A hybrid architecture comprehending advantages of homodyne and heterodyne receivers is proposed for an SDR system. Theoretical outcomes are discussed and backed by simulations. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm, the phase increment Kay algorithm, and two autocorrelation algorithms, i.e., Morelli-Mengali and Crozier-Moreland, used for frequency offset correction, are compared. The FFT algorithm turns out to be the best solution, both in terms of performance and ease of implementation. DC correction is then discussed and in-phase/quadrature imbalance compensation by means of a blind-source separation (BSS) algorithm and a hard-decision algorithm is performed. The latter algorithm displays implementation advantages, while BSS performs better. |
14,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Separating spatial and temporal activation patterns in fMRI using competitive subspace projection, and key words: Principal component analysis, Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Brain, Hyperspectral imaging, Image coding, Helium, Psychiatry, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic noise. Abstract: The challenge for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is to determine when and where the response due to an external stimulus occurs in the images. The temporal clustering analysis (TCA) method has been used to study brain activity after eating and drinking, in both the time and spatial domains. We propose a new method, competitive subspace projection (CSP), to represent data optimally compared to other subspace projection methods. This method is used to detect spatial and temporal activation patterns in fMRI associated with such behavior. The CSP and TCA methods are compared using both synthetic and real fMRI data. The results on both data sets show consistent conclusions can be drawn from these two methods while CSP is observed to have a better noise rejection capability than TCA. |
14,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Game Level Generation from Music, and key words: Training, Reinforcement learning, Games, Generators, Real-time systems. Abstract: Game consists of multiple types of content, while the harmony of different content types play an essential role in game design. However, most works on procedural content generation consider only one type of content at a time. In this paper, we propose and formulate online level generation from music, in a way of matching a level feature to a music feature in real-time, while adapting to players’ play speed. A generic framework named online player-adaptive procedural content generation via reinforcement learning, OPARL for short, is built upon the experience-driven reinforcement learning and controllable reinforcement learning, to enable online level generation from music. Furthermore, a novel control policy based on local search and k-nearest neighbours is proposed and integrated into OPARL to control the level generator considering the play data collected online. Results of simulation-based experiments show that our implementation of OPARL is competent to generate playable levels with difficulty degree matched to the “energy” dynamic of music for different artificial players in an online fashion. |
14,607 | Please write an abstract with title: In-advance Content Deployment Using Popularity Approximation in Hybrid P2P with Cloud Storage, and key words: Cloud computing, Computer simulation, Computer network reliability, Reliability, Consumer electronics. Abstract: In the conventional methods of content sharing, it takes a long time for the replicas to be scattered over the network, and popular content tends to vanish from the network before it is sufficiently diffused, which makes settled content sharing hard. In this paper, a method to always supply an appropriate number of popular content replicas evenly on the Hybrid P2P network is proposed. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated by simulations. |
14,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of frame-like film bulk acoustic resonators for suppression of spurious lateral modes using finite element method, and key words: Optimization methods, Film bulk acoustic resonators, Finite element methods, Electrodes, Resonance, Acoustic waves, Piezoelectric films, Acoustic propagation, Resonator filters, Acoustic reflection. Abstract: Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are comprised of a piezoelectric layer sandwiched between two electronically conductive layers that serve as electrodes. The portion of the piezoelectric film included between the overlap of the electrodes forms an acoustic cavity. The primary vibration mode of this cavity is that in which sound waves propagate in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the plane of the electrodes. Unfortunately, the electric field also excites other spurious lateral vibration modes, These spurious lateral resonances near the main resonance of the resonator show up as a ripple in the pass band of filters. Frame-like FBARs have been proposed to eliminate the generation of the spurious lateral modes. The frame-like FBAR structures comprise a frame-like electrode confining a central area. The width and thickness of the frame-like electrode are arranged so that the displacement relating to the piezoelectrically excited strongest resonance mode is substantially uniform in the central area. In such a structure, the spurious resonances have often only a weak coupling. We apply the finite element method to investigate the effect of the frame-like FBARs on the suppression of lateral modes and find the optimal design of frame-like electrodes. |
14,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Networks for State-of-Charge Estimation of Li-ion Batteries, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Training, Simulation, Estimation, Artificial neural networks, Fuzzy neural networks, Electric vehicles. Abstract: The estimation of state of charge (SOC) is a key issue to ensure the safe operation of Li-ion battery packs, which have been widely utilized in electric vehicles. In this paper, two neural networks including BP neural network and fuzzy neural network are introduced to achieve the accurate SOC estimation for Li-ion batteries. Firstly, the traditional Thevenin model is selected as Li-ion batteries model, which is mainly used to obtain the datasets for the training and test of the neural networks. Then, BP neural network is adopted to estimate SOC, and the empirical formula for parameter selection of BP neural network is also analyzed in detail. Moreover, fuzzy neural network model is developed for SOC estimation. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy neural network model obtains a better estimation performance compared to BP neural network model. |
14,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing Hardware Trojan Detection Sensitivity Using Partition-Based Shuffling Scheme, and key words: Trojan horses, Sensitivity, Partitioning algorithms, Hardware, Test pattern generators, Logic testing, Indexes. Abstract: This brief presents a new test pattern generation scheme alongside a design for trust (DfTr) methodology for detecting hardware Trojan through side channel-based analysis approaches. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the proposed Hamming distance-based reordering and partition-based shuffling methods. The key idea behind the proposed work is that instead of distributing the circuit activity profile among all the nets with low transition probability at once, it can only be restricted to the smaller subsets of rare nets one at a time, while the rest of subsets remain at the lowest activity. As a result, a remarkable reduction in the background circuit activity by more than 41% and favorable enhancement of detection sensitivity about 31% are achieved compared to the state-of-the-art method. |
14,611 | Please write an abstract with title: On quality of service routing in ad-hoc networks, and key words: Quality of service, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Bandwidth, Network topology, Wireless networks, Routing protocols, Stability, Information technology, Mobile communication. Abstract: Ad-hoc networks can be formally defined as a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically farming a temporary network without the aid of any existing established infrastructure or centralized admission [C.K. Toh, 1997]. The main focus of the paper is the extension to the QoS routing procedure, which can inform the source quality of service available to any destination in the wireless network. The ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV) is taken into consideration and an extension to the protocol has been suggested to support quality of service. |
14,612 | Please write an abstract with title: A new course on computer methods in electromagnetics, and key words: Electromagnetics, Finite difference methods, Design engineering, Moment methods, Microstrip antennas, Partial differential equations, Integral equations, Finite element methods, Microstrip components, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: With the prolification of computers in university campuses, there is a significant need to introduce more courses on "computer methods" in the engineering curriculum. This paper summarizes our two-year experience with a new "computer techniques in electromagnetics" course which we introduced as an elective for seniors. Main features of the new course include: 1) The inclusion of the Finite Difference method for solving engineering problems formulated in terms of partial differential equations as well as the Method of Moments for solving integral equations, 2) The Finite Element was also introduced and special emphasis were placed on derivation of the functionals to be minimized using this method, 3) The Finite Difference method was used to solve modern engineering problems such as the design of microstrip transmission lines and eigenvalue problems such as waveguides of arbitrary cross sections, and 4) The Method of Moment was used to solve static and dynamic field problems including radiation from linear antennas and scattering from two-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric objects. Key steps in developing the course will be discussed and results from the various computer programs written by the students will be presented. |
14,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Appraisal of Emplacing Time in a Manufacturing Inventory Conflict, and key words: Schedules, Exponential distribution, Electric shock, Stochastic processes, Production, Inventory control, Numerical models. Abstract: In inventory control modeling the model to find the conserve inventory is most important. In the production conflict some factors influence on creation schedule, production size etc. To resolve these problems some stochastic models have been resultant. A creation progression is measured which needs two types of basic materials as intakes and that the conserves of these basic materials are reserved discretely. The unattainable of the basic materials is fairly unsafe since the creation schedule will be exaggerated. This helps tiding over any crisis ensuing from such contingencies. To keep away from this, a reorder is completed to keep up the size of inventory instantly the conserve level attains a meticulous level called threshold level. Using the shock model and cumulative damage process technique, a stochastic model for an optimum expected time to reorder is treated. This model assists the creation structure to remove the holding cost on excessive basic materials and as well the defeat arising from the deficiency of basic materials. Numerical illustrations are given. |
14,614 | Please write an abstract with title: New Method on Design of Robust Controller for Unstable Process, and key words: Design methodology, Robust control, Process control, Open loop systems, Shape control, Control systems, Bandwidth, Mirrors, Feedback loop, Poles and zeros. Abstract: In the formulation of H∞ weighted mixed sensitivity problem, any unstable poles of the plant inside the specified control bandwidth will be shifted approximately to its jω-axis mirror image once the feedback loop is closed with an H∞ controller. The symmetric values of zero-poles in the open right-half plane of the unstable process about the imaginary axis are defined as their mirror-images. An unstable process is transformed into a minimum-phase system through mirror-injection in the paper, then solving the robust controller using closed-loop gain shaping algorithm. When the plant is a pure unstable process whose all poles lie in the open right half plane it is loop-shaped through adding left half plane poles and zeros so that the system is converted into a regular unstable system, then the loop-shaped unstable process is transformed into a minimum-phase system through mirror-injection, the robust controller is acquired using closed-loop gain shaping algorithm. Because its largest singular value curves are similar before or after the unstable process is mirror-injected, and the closed-loop gain shaping algorithm constructs directly the robust controller using parameters having engineering sense according to the shape of the singular value curves of the robust performance index, the designed controller has equally robustness to the unstable process. The method has the advantages of simple design procedure and obvious physical meaning. |
14,615 | Please write an abstract with title: A design of SIM card interface for general purpose, and key words: Clocks, Switches, Power supplies, Universal Serial Bus, User interfaces, Hardware, Digital communication, Design engineering, Communication switching, Communication system control. Abstract: A simple and stable SIM card interface design for general purpose is presented in this paper. This design is strictly according to the required specifications and solves the main class A and class B SIM technical problems of power supply, initialization and data input/output. With its friendly user interface, some convenient SIM services are provided for extending its application to personal computers and the Internet. |
14,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Production of quasistatic high magnetic fields by switching low voltage DC generators, and key words: Production, Magnetic fields, Magnetic switching, Low voltage, DC generators, Control systems, Laboratories, Testing, Thyristors, Copper. Abstract: A system is described which permits controlled switching of large energies supplied by the 230 V dc generators available at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory. Such large energy sources are useful for generating magnetic fields approaching 400 kG for times ∼1 sec if suitable switching and magnet systems can be developed. Results of tests to date are summarized. Currents of ∼10 kA have been switched by an SCR bank into resistive and magnet loads in order to demonstrate feasibility. Quasistatic fields of 260 kG have been generated in a 2 cm i.d. copper solenoid precooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures. |
14,617 | Please write an abstract with title: VirtualGAN: Reducing Mode Collapse in Generative Adversarial Networks Using Virtual Mapping, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Generative adversarial networks, Generators. Abstract: This paper introduces a new framework for reducing mode collapse in Generative adversarial networks (GANs). The problem occurs when the generator learns to map several various input values (z) to the same output value, which makes the generator fail to capture all modes of the true data distribution. As a result, the diversity of synthetically produced data is lower than that of the real data. To address this problem, we propose a new and simple framework for training GANs based on the concept of virtual mapping. Our framework integrates two processes into GANs: merge and split. The merge process merges multiple data points (samples) into one before training the discriminator. In this way, the generator would be trained to capture the merged-data distribution rather than the (unmerged) data distribution. After the training, the split process is applied to the generator's output in order to split its contents and produce diverse modes. The proposed framework increases the chance of capturing diverse modes through enabling an indirect or virtual mapping between an input z value and multiple data points. This, in turn, enhances the chance of generating more diverse modes. Our results show the effectiveness of our framework compared to the existing approaches in terms of reducing the mode collapse problem. |
14,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Human Hand Grasping Force Using sEMG, and key words: Support vector machines, Force, Grasping, Artificial neural networks, Muscles, Feature extraction, Ubiquitous computing. Abstract: Aiming to classify different hand grasping force levels with the use of prosthetic hands, the electromyography (EMG) signals from the forearm muscles are collected using a commercial surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor. The hand grasping force is recorded using a loadcell. The RMS and the mean frequency (MNF) are used for feature extraction. Both features are extracted using non-overlapping and overlapping windowing techniques. They are applied at different window sizes. SVM, K-NN, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to predict the grasping force levels. The classifiers' performances are evaluated using the classification accuracy and the execution time. The time domain feature obtained the highest accuracies. The K-NN classifier showed the highest classification accuracy compared to the other classifiers. The ANNs produced the shortest execution times among all classifiers. Analysis of Variance is used to show any significance between the classifiers' means accuracies. |
14,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Electric Arc Furnaces Reactive Power Optimized Calculation Used in SVC, and key words: Reactive power, Power harmonic filters, Static VAr compensators, Control systems, Low-pass filters, Digital filters, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: This study deals with a new approach to tackle the challenges encountered in the filters-based reactive power calculation techniques utilized in the control system of static VAr compensators. In this approach, step and time-varying responses are improved by a combination of differential and filter-based methods. Then, optimum values of the main parameters of the low-pass and band-stop filters are determined considering three criteria: accuracy, speed, and capability for following the time-varying loads. To assess the performance of the proposed method, a new objective function is introduced, calculated for two sets of signals, captured from a real field in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan/Iran. Then, the proposed and the other reactive power calculation methods are assessed in practice and simulation. Also, the algorithm is implemented using a TMDSCNCD28335 as the processor to assess the real-time feasibility of the method. To do so, the reactive power variation of an electrical arc furnace is emulated in a prototype test bench and the algorithm is run in real-time by the processor during the system operation. |
14,620 | Please write an abstract with title: A Case Study in Process Independence, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Circuits, CMOS technology, Silicon compiler, CMOS process, Fabrication, Very large scale integration, Design methodology, Lattices, Logic. Abstract: By taking input from both a design description file and a file which contains the design rules of the target process, a silicon compiler software system can produce full artwork layouts for a variety of different processes. A specific example is used here to illustrate the complexities of incorporating the option of process independence in a system aimed at single metal interconnect CMOS. |
14,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Oscillometric System for Automatic Detection of Peripheral Arterial Disease, and key words: Pressure measurement, Biomedical measurement, Arteries, Diseases, Mathematical model, Biomedical monitoring, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressing arterial disorder that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The conventional PAD detection methods are invasive, cumbersome, or require expensive equipment and highly trained technicians. Here, we propose a new automated, noninvasive, and easy-to-use method for the detection of PAD based on characterizing the arterial system by applying an external varying pressure using a cuff. The superposition of the internal arterial pressure and the externally applied pressure were measured and mathematically modeled as a function of cuff pressure. A feature-based learning algorithm was then designed to identify PAD patterns by analyzing the parameters of the derived mathematical models. Genetic algorithm and principal component analysis were employed to select the best predictive features distinguishing PAD patterns from normal. A RUSBoost ensemble model using neural network as the base learner was designed to diagnose PAD from genetic algorithm selected features. The proposed method was validated on data collected from 14 PAD patients and 19 healthy individuals. It achieved a high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 91.4%, 90.0%, and 92.1%, respectively, in detecting PAD. The effect of age, a confounding factor that may have impacted our analyzes, was not considered in this study. The proposed method shows promise toward noninvasive and accurate detection of PAD and can be integrated into routine oscillometric blood pressure measurements. |
14,622 | Please write an abstract with title: One-Way Search Algorithm for Route Planning With Multiple Requests, and key words: Planning, Approximation algorithms, Roads, Iterative methods, Costs, Search problems, Intelligent transportation systems. Abstract: Multirequest route planning (MRRP) based on user demand is an active location-based service in point-of-interest (POI) networks. The goal of MRRP is to plan the shortest route that meets the requests specified by the user. However, because MRRP is an NP-hard problem, most existing methods involve the use of greedy search in the planning of approximate routes, leaving much room for improvement in route quality. Therefore, in this study, an anytime algorithm called one-way search (OWS) was proposed to efficiently solve MRRP queries. OWS integrates branch-and-bound and greedy search. It not only helped rapidly detect an accepted route but also allowed for more optimal routes to be iteratively generated until the most optimal route was identified. OWS has three pruning mechanisms named Filter, Potential, and Petrifaction and three operations named Wilting, Selection, and Reverse Update to avoid unnecessary searches and improve search efficiency. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of MRRP queries that investigates both optimal route planning and searching efficiency. The experimental results obtained on real-world POI datasets indicated that OWS outperformed state-of-the-art anytime algorithms in terms of quality and efficiency. |
14,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of initial synchronization schemes for WCDMA systems with spatio-temporal correlations, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Testing, Signal processing, Base stations, Timing, Performance evaluation, Performance analysis, Frequency, Delay, Partial transmit sequences. Abstract: Two different power-scaled noncoherent detection schemes are analyzed and compared in terms of detection probability and mean detection time in the uplink of a wideband CDMA system, where the mobile terminal transmits a pilot signal in the form of bursts of modulated chips, which are transmitted periodically and separated by long silent intervals. Both detection schemes employ temporal noncoherent averaging but differ in the way of spatial processing. One of the schemes, which is well suited for spatially uncorrelated scenarios, employs spatial noncoherent averaging, whereas the other scheme, better suited for scenarios with a distinct spatial structure, employs fixed beamforming. The performance analysis is carried out for spatially correlated frequency-selective fading channels taking channel dynamics and initial frequency offsets into account. With the presented analysis it is possible to investigate the effects of spatial correlation on the detection performance and to examine the improvement of using multiple antenna elements at the base station depending on the respective detection scheme. |
14,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Cell-Free Massive MIMO by Local Per-Bit Soft Detection, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Massive MIMO, Detectors, MIMO, Central Processing Unit, Complexity theory, Uplink. Abstract: In this letter, we consider the uplink of a cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network where each user is decoded by a subset of access points (APs). An additional step is introduced in the cell-free Massive MIMO processing: each AP in the uplink locally implements soft MIMO detection and then shares the resulting bit log-likelihoods on the front-haul link. The decoding of the data is performed at the central processing unit (CPU), collecting the data from the APs. The non-linear processing at the APs consists of the approximate computation of the posterior density for each received data bit, exploiting only local channel state information. The proposed method offers good performance in terms of frame-error-rate and considerably lower complexity than the optimal maximum-likelihood demodulator. |
14,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Overlapping Resilient HG Control for Uncertain Time-Delayed Systems, and key words: Mercury (metals), Control systems, Uncertainty, Robust control, Robust stability, Uncertain systems, Attenuation, Delay, Control design, Distributed control. Abstract: The paper presents the expansion-contraction relations within the Inclusion Principle for a class of continuoustime state-delayed uncertain systems when considering HP state memoryless control with additive controller uncertainty. All uncertainties are supposed to be time-varying norm bounded. The main contribution is the derivation of conditions under which a resilient HP control law designed in the expanded space is contracted into the initial system preserving simultaneously both the robust quadratic stability of closed-loop systems and the value of the HP-norm disturbance attenuation bound. A LMI delay independent procedure is supplied for control design. The results are specialized into the overlapping decentralized control setting which enables to construct robust HP resilient block tridiagonal state feedback controllers. |
14,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Secure Consensus for First-Order Multi-agent Systems under Replay Attacks, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Switches, Consensus protocol, Topology, Robots, Multi-agent systems, Predictive control. Abstract: This paper is concerned with secure consensus of first-order discrete-time multi-agent systems under replay attacks. State information is transmitted over a communication network and each agent may be attacked by an adversary who is able to replay the state information sent from its neighbors maliciously. To resist the attackers, we design a control protocol by applying the distributed model predictive control methodology. The sufficient conditions for multi-agent systems to achieve consensus under replay attack is derived. Numerical examples are presented to verify the validity of the proposed consensus protocol. |
14,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control of Electromechanical Actuator Based on Parameter Self-tuning Method, and key words: Industries, Analytical models, Software design, PI control, System performance, Permanent magnet motors, Mathematical models. Abstract: With the wide application of electromechanical actuator(EMA) system in aviation industry, permanent magnet synchronous motor, as a key component of EMA, has a good application prospect due to its unique advantages. In this paper, based on the analysis of relevant research at home and abroad, the control system of PMSM with EMA is designed, and the control system model is built with MATLAB and the simulation experiment is carried out. At the same time, parameter self-tuning and fuzzy control methods are used to optimize the performance of the control system. In order to test the performance of the EMA servo control system, this paper designs the EMA system performance test platform, completes the hardware and software design of the test bench, and carries out relevant tests to test the performance of the optimized EMA system. The experimental results show that the parameter self-tuning method used in this paper has a very significant performance improvement for PID control. |
14,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Resistance in a Developing Low-Amplitude Pulsating Laminar Flow in a Flat Channel, and key words: Mathematical model, Hydrodynamics, Resistance, Hydraulic systems, Friction, Immune system, Heat transfer. Abstract: In this paper, we present a mathematical model and a numerical simulation technique based on boundary layer theory for a developing low-amplitude pulsating laminar flow in a flat channel. The calculation results were obtained and the analysis of influence of the pulsating flow on the hydraulic and friction resistances was carried out. At pulsation amplitudes of more than 2/3 of the average cross-sectional velocity, the transverse component of velocity begins to affect the flow. The relations between the changes in the coefficients of both hydraulic resistance and friction resistance are presented and analyzed. Over the entire settling length, while increasing the dimensionless pulsation frequency, the pulsation amplitude of the hydraulic resistance coefficient increases much more compared to the friction resistance coefficient. The dependences of the amplitude and phase of the resistance pulsations are presented, which make it possible to restore their initial values. |
14,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated understanding of selected voice tract pathologies based on the speech signal analysis, and key words: Larynx, Pathology, Speech analysis, Signal analysis, Signal processing, Acoustic signal processing, Artificial neural networks, Signal generators, Resonance, Acoustic measurements. Abstract: In the present work excerpts of research are presented, concerning the application of modified acoustic signal processing methods in the problem of "understanding" of selected pathologies of vocal tract. The presented concept of the research scheme is based on the technique of advanced acoustic signal analysis and it refers to the analysis of artificial neural networks functioning in the task of recognition of selected types of vocal tract pathologies. It is recommended here that the simple process of signal recognition should be replaced by a more advanced method or its analysis, called the process of automated understanding of the signal. The method is based on utilization of an internal model of the considered signal's generator and it is directed towards such a structure analysis of the examined sound, which enables its identification as a result of cognitive resonance. The described method allows to achieve more subtle differentiation for signal characterized by small diversification of measurable features, observed for the classes being recognized, what is the case in the problem or identification of selected pathologies considered here. The circumstances mentioned above suggest a consideration of more knowledge-based approach to the discrimination of acoustic signals, labeled here as a technique of signal understanding. |
14,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Beam parallelism in the ULVAC IW-630 medium current implanter, and key words: Implants, Collimators, Testing, Ion beams, Lattices, Current measurement, Electric variables measurement, Surface cleaning, Drives, Crystallography. Abstract: Precise control of the ion beam across the entire wafer must be maintained to ensure the incident beam is not aligned to a major crystallographic axis and that ions are not allowed to traverse great distances through the lattice structure with little energy. Such misalignments will greatly impact the penetration depth of the ions, as well as produce little lattice disorder which effects both implant dose uniformity and implant depth. Variations for typical medium current Implanters are +/- 0.5 degrees in tilt and +/- 2.0 degrees in twist. The IW-630 utilizes a newly designed optical system in conjunction with a mechanical scan and paralleling magnet to produce a horizontally scanned beam with parallelism less than 0.3°, independent of energy and species. This paper will present the method for measuring beam angles and illustrate the effects on 300mm wafers due to small variations in tilt angles. |
14,631 | Please write an abstract with title: An Intelligent Framework for Alzheimer's disease Classification Using EfficientNet Transfer Learning Model, and key words: Neuroimaging, Biological system modeling, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computational modeling, Transfer learning, Brain modeling, Reliability. Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent psychological disorder. The economic cost of treating for AD patients is expected to increase. Therefore in the last few years, research on AD diagnostic has laid great emphasis on computer-aided methods. The significance of developing an artificial intelligent diagnostic technique towards accurate and early AD classification seems essential. Deep-learning models hold significant benefits over machine learning approaches as these techniques do not require any kind of feature engineering. Moreover, T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the neuroimaging data modality which is widely practiced for such a purpose. In some cases, the most significant barrier to integrating DL models into pre-existing applications is a lack of adequate data architecture. Changing medical information is usually hard to communicate, examine, and interpret. Transfer learning (TL) allows designers to use a combination of models in order to fine-tune a specified solution to a target problem. Transferring knowledge across two separate models could lead a generally a more reliable and precise model. In this work, researchers utilized an EfficientNet TL model already trained on ImageNet dataset to categorise subjects as AD vs. Cognitive Normal (CN) based on MRI scans of the brain. The dataset for this study was acquired from Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The performance parameters such as accuracy, AUC were used to evaluate the model. The proposed model on ADNI dataset achieved an accuracy level of 91.36% and AUC as 83% in comparison to other existing transfer learning models. |
14,632 | Please write an abstract with title: An ultra-low energy asynchronous processor for wireless sensor networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Web page design, Energy consumption, Frequency estimation, Costs, Clocks, Asynchronous circuits, Electromagnetic interference, Manufacturing automation, Medical services. Abstract: This paper describes the design flow used for an asynchronous 8-bit processor implementing the Atmel AVR instruction set architecture. The goal is to show dramatic reductions in power and energy with respect to the synchronous case, while retaining essentially a traditional design flow. The processor was implemented in a 130nm technology using desynchronization, starting from an initial design downloaded from OpenCores.org. It consumes 14 pJ per instruction to deliver 170 MIPS at 1.2 V, and 2.7 pJ per instruction to deliver 48 MIPS at 0.54 V. It thus dramatically improves the energy consumed per instruction with respect to previous results from the literature |
14,633 | Please write an abstract with title: SpreadSketch: Toward Invertible and Network-Wide Detection of Superspreaders, and key words: Data structures, Computer crime, Real-time systems, Hardware, Memory management, Estimation, IP networks. Abstract: Superspreaders (i.e., hosts with numerous distinct connections) remain severe threats to production networks. How to accurately detect superspreaders in real-time at scale remains a non-trivial yet challenging issue. We present SpreadSketch, an invertible sketch data structure for network-wide superspreader detection with the theoretical guarantees on memory space, performance, and accuracy. SpreadSketch tracks candidate super-spreaders and embeds estimated fan-outs in binary hash strings inside small and static memory space, such that multiple SpreadSketch instances can be merged to provide a network-wide measurement view for recovering superspreaders and their estimated fan-outs. We present formal theoretical analysis on SpreadSketch in terms of space and time complexities as well as error bounds. Trace-driven evaluation shows that SpreadSketch achieves higher accuracy and performance over state-of-the-art sketches. Furthermore, we prototype SpreadSketch in P4 and show its feasible deployment in commodity hardware switches. |
14,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Approaches to adaptive filtering, and key words: Adaptive filters, Noise measurement, Statistics, Automatic control, Bayesian methods, Control systems, Stochastic systems, Stochastic processes, Optimal control, Filtering. Abstract: The different methods of adaptive filtering are divided into four categories: Bayesian, maximum likelihood (ML), correlation, and covariance matching. The relationship between the methods and the difficulties associated with each method are described. New algorithms for the direct estimation of the optimal gain of a Kalman filter are given. |
14,635 | Please write an abstract with title: All-optical biomolecular parallel logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin, and key words: Logic gates, Absorption, Laser excitation, Logic design, Amplitude modulation, Probes, Pump lasers, Laser beams, Optical modulation, Proteins. Abstract: All-optical two input parallel logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin (BR) protein have been designed based on nonlinear intensity-induced excited-state absorption. Amplitude modulation of a continuous wave (CW) probe laser beam transmission at 640 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of O intermediate state through BR, by a modulating CW pump laser beam at 570 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of initial BR state has been analyzed considering all six intermediate states in its photocycle using the rate equation approach. The transmission characteristics have been shown to exhibit a dip, which is sensitive to normalized small-signal absorption coefficient (/spl beta/), rate constants of O and N intermediate states and absorption of the O state at 570 nm. There is an optimum value of /spl beta/ for a given pump intensity range for which maximum modulation can be achieved. It is shown that 100% modulation can be achieved if the initial state of BR does not absorb the probe beam. The results have been used to design low-power all-optical parallel NOT, AND, OR, XNOR, and the universal NAND and NOR logic gates for two cases: 1) only changing the output threshold and 2) considering a common threshold with different /spl beta/ values. |
14,636 | Please write an abstract with title: IRI 2004 keynote speech - Reusing information by learning models from extreme data sets, and key words: Speech, Computer science, Predictive models, Machine learning, Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence, Application software, Data mining, Sliding mode control, Societies. Abstract: Provides an abstract of the keynote presentation and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. |
14,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Interleaved SCC-LCLC Converter with TO-220 GaN HEMTs and Accurate Current Sharing for Wide Operating Range in Data Center Application, and key words: Performance evaluation, Data centers, Capacitors, Prototypes, Switches, Resonant converters, HEMTs. Abstract: In this paper, an interleaved LCLC converter with TO-220 enhancement mode GaN devices (e-mode GaN) and accurate current sharing performance is introduced for data center application. Any tolerance in the resonant tank elements can lead to large load imbalance between different phases. Due to the steep gain curve of LCLC converter, conventional current sharing methods are not so effective. In the proposed converter the impedances of the resonant networks are matched by switching a capacitor (i.e. Switch Controlled Capacitor SCC) in series with the resonant capacitor in one or some of the phases, which results in accurate load current sharing between phases (i.e. around 0.025% difference). The load share of each phase is sensed through the resonant current on each phase and the control logic is applied so current sharing between all phases can be achieved. By this method, an accurate current sharing is achieved for a wide input voltage range that is required for hold up time in data center application. Moreover, interleaving is applied in the proposed multi-phase LCLC converter resulting in low stress on the output capacitor allowing sole ceramic capacitor implementation. Moreover, phase shedding allows a flat high conversion efficiency curve for a wide load range. The performance of the proposed interleaved LCLC converter is verified by a two-phase 1 kW prototype with 250 V - 400 V input voltage and fixed 12 V output voltage. |
14,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Control of Piezoelectric Hysteresis: A Polynomial-Based Fractional Order Disturbance Compensation Approach, and key words: Hysteresis, Mathematical model, Computational modeling, Bandwidth, Feedforward systems, Displacement measurement, Creep. Abstract: Piezoelectric hysteresis is a critical issue that significantly degrades the motion accuracy of piezo-actuated nanopositioners. Such an issue is difficult to be precisely modeled and compensated for, primarily due to its asymmetric, rate, and input amplitude-dependent characteristics. This article proposes a novel method to deal with this challenge. Specifically, a polynomial-based fractional order disturbance model is proposed to accommodate and characterize the complex hysteresis effect. In this model, the rate dependence is captured by a general method of implementing curve fitting in Bode magnitude plot. The inverse model for control purposes is immediately available from the original one. The proposed method does not require expensive computational resources. In fact, this article shows that this controller can be easily implemented in an analog manner, which brings the advantages of high bandwidth and low cost. Extensive modeling and tracking experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the piezoelectric hysteresis nonlinearity can be significantly suppressed over a wide bandwidth. |
14,639 | Please write an abstract with title: Strapped-down accelerometer effects on NDBO wave measurements, and key words: Accelerometers, Sea measurements, Acceleration, Frequency measurement, Displacement measurement, Energy measurement, Computer simulation, Time measurement, Gravity, Nonlinear equations. Abstract: Equations for wave displacement measurements by buoys equipped with strapped-down accelerometers are derived and used for computer simulations of wave measurements for a variety of sea states. Use of strapped-down accelerometers causes measured acceleration to be a sea state dependent time varying combination of buoy vertical acceleration, buoy horizontal acceleration, and acceleration due to gravity. As a result of the nonlinear equations that describe strapped-down accelerometer measurements, measured wave spectra have excess low frequency energy. Buoy responses to waves are considered to quantify error levels of operational NOAA Data Buoy Office buoys with strapped-down accelerometers. Simulations of several thousand buoy measured wave records and processing of these records in a manner similar to operational processing indicate that strapped-down accelerometers introduce significant wave height errors that are generally less than 5%, but that effects on low frequency swell measurements are at times substantial. |
14,640 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robot Factors Approach to Designing Modular Hardware, and key words: Performance evaluation, Uncertainty, Space technology, Mission critical systems, Manipulators, Hardware, Task analysis. Abstract: Robots are increasingly being called on to operate in settings and on tasks originally designed for humans, or where humans are also expected to work. Accordingly, the hardware and tools to be packaged, operated, or maintained are typically designed for use by humans, not robots. Robot autonomy in such cases can be expedited by a “robot factors” approach to the design of hardware, analogous to ergonomics for humans, taking typical current robot capabilities into account during the design process. In this paper, we present two case studies of redesigning mission-critical hardware in space habitats to facilitate autonomous robot operation. In both cases, hardware that previously required dexterous bi-manual manipulation is redesigned such that the entire maintenance task can be completed by a single robotic arm with a standard parallel jaw gripper. We demonstrate successful autonomous replacement of modules in the two hardware systems, and characterize how orientation and compliance of a grasp helps compensate for positioning errors. Based on our findings, we identify several key design strategies that underpin the robot factors approach to designing robot-friendly hardware, including consolidating compound actions into simpler mechanisms, constraining required motions to a single axis, and introducing mechanical compliance to mitigate the effects of pose uncertainties. |
14,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Differential bondwire interface for chip-to-chip and chip-to-antenna interconnect above 200 GHz, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Power transmission lines, Transmitters, Wires, Integrated circuit interconnections, Transmission line measurements, Loss measurement. Abstract: This paper investigates a novel differential transition using bond wires for chip-to-chip and chip-to-antenna connections for systems operating above 200 GHz. At mm-wave frequencies, the bond-wire interface can be modeled as a transmission line tuned to match the system impedance removing the need for matching or compensation. The interface is aimed at providing design and measurement flexibility for a transmitter system operating around 245 GHz. It is characterized by using on-chip Marchand BALUNs to measure the system and the transition itself. It achieves a worst case loss of −6 dB covering the full WR-3.4 band which is competitive to the state of the art. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first publication of a differential bond wire transition operating above 200 GHz. |
14,642 | Please write an abstract with title: Object Transportation With Force-Sensorless Control and Event-Triggered Synchronization for Networked Uncertain Manipulators, and key words: Synchronization, Manipulators, Task analysis, Neural networks, Heuristic algorithms, Robot kinematics. Abstract: This article proposes a distributed control method for networked manipulators to cooperatively transport an unmodeled object without force measurement. First, we design an adaptive neural network control algorithm, based on the wavelet neural network, to estimate unknown system dynamics. A novel task-space synchronization control is studied with triggering condition for the network under time-varying communication delays, to improve the cooperative quality while reducing the network burden. The proposed control method ensures uniform ultimate boundedness of velocity/position tracking errors and boundedness of the internal force with the avoidance of Zeno behavior. Moreover, the robustness of networked uncertain manipulators is guaranteed. Finally, a numerical simulation and experiments are carried to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the proposed control algorithm. |
14,643 | Please write an abstract with title: LUT-Based Focal Beamforming System Using 2-D Adaptive Sequential Searching Algorithm for Microwave Power Transfer, and key words: Antenna arrays, Array signal processing, Table lookup, Radio frequency, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas. Abstract: This paper presents a look-up table (LUT)-based focal beamforming system that can effectively transmit RF power up to mid-range distances (≤ 3 m) including when the Rx is in the near-field zones. The Tx elements control and radiate signals for the Rx even at the near-field zone ensuring the received signals are in-phase. Since the proposed system uses a LUT for storing the phase sets of the signals for the Tx elements, it requires only very simple hardware and a very simple adaptive control algorithm compared to conventional retroreflective method. In order to track the moving Rx, a 2-D adaptive sequential searching algorithm is proposed. The system can find the optimum phase set by sequentially searching the phase sets for a pre-determined 2-D area. The LUT of the phase sets are generated using geometric analysis over the entire 2-D area where the Rx could be located. To verify the proposed method, a 5.2 GHz mid-range (≤ 3 m) MPT system composed of a 4 × 8 Tx array and a 2 × 3 Rx array was designed and implemented. Using the proposed 2-D adaptive sequential searching algorithm, the optimum phase set for focal beamforming can be quickly found for a given position of the Rx. In our experiments, the results showed an RF power level of 177.8 mW was received at the Rx with a distance of 1 m with a total radiated RF power of 16W. Since the measured received power levels for various Rx positions agree well with the simulation results, the proposed system was proved to be an excellent candidate for the practical application. |
14,644 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Automated Medical Information System for the Analysis of Fluorograms, and key words: Image recognition, Automation, Human factors, TCPIP, Medical information systems, Data processing, Software. Abstract: This article highlights aspects of the development of a medical information system for the analysis of fluorograms using convolutional neural networks. As part of the work done, an algorithm for the operation of the module for recognizing positive and negative images, as well as the implementation of this algorithm, was obtained. The developed module is of practical value for organizing a patient’s medical profile and reduces the human factor in the process of processing medical images. It is assumed that the developed system will have the required level of process automation and will consist of several interconnected blocks, including special software, the ability to send processed data via the TCP/IP protocol to the ports of the router, as well as to confirm that the received image corresponds to a standard healthy patient, or to detect deviations. The processed version of the image is sent back to the institution where the patient is being examined. |
14,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Coevolution versus self-play temporal difference learning for acquiring position evaluation in small-board go, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Learning systems, Testing, Counting circuits, Algorithm design and analysis, Computational intelligence, Computer architecture, Organisms, Genetics, Collaboration. Abstract: Two learning methods for acquiring position evaluation for small Go boards are studied and compared. In each case the function to be learned is a position-weighted piece counter and only the learning method differs. The methods studied are temporal difference learning (TDL) using the self-play gradient-descent method and coevolutionary learning, using an evolution strategy. The two approaches are compared with the hope of gaining a greater insight into the problem of searching for "optimal" zero-sum game strategies. Using tuned standard setups for each algorithm, it was found that the temporal-difference method learned faster, and in most cases also achieved a higher level of play than coevolution, providing that the gradient descent step size was chosen suitably. The performance of the coevolution method was found to be sensitive to the design of the evolutionary algorithm in several respects. Given the right configuration, however, coevolution achieved a higher level of play than TDL. Self-play results in optimal play against a copy of itself. A self-play player will prefer moves from which it is unlikely to lose even when it occasionally makes random exploratory moves. An evolutionary player forced to perform exploratory moves in the same way can achieve superior strategies to those acquired through self-play alone. The reason for this is that the evolutionary player is exposed to more varied game-play, because it plays against a diverse population of players. |
14,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Security of Internet of Things: A review of Challenges with integrating Blockchain with IoT, and key words: Industries, Privacy, Requirements management, Ecosystems, Medical services, Smart homes, Blockchains. Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of connected computing devices for the mean of communication and data transaction. As the IoT could be implemented in several domains, such as smart home applications, industrial systems, medical services, mobile healthcare, traffics controlling systems, etc. This diversity of system nature raises various security and privacy issues. Blockchain (BC) could help in improving the security of such systems due to its capabilities as it is considered the most trusted cryptography technique. This review presents the engineering challenges facing BC and IoT integration. |
14,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Narrowband Anti-jamming Technology Based on Compressed Sensing, and key words: Matching pursuit algorithms, Compressed sensing, Image reconstruction, Narrowband, Interference suppression, Reconstruction algorithms. Abstract: In order to achieve information security and reliable transmission, the compressed sensing theory is applied to the narrowband interference suppression problem, which can effectively achieve narrowband interference suppression. However, due to the shortcomings of the reconstruction algorithm, such as high complexity of the algorithm, the need to know the prior degree of sparsity and long running time, it can not meet the real-time requirements of the communication system. In view of the above shortcomings, based on the SAMP algorithm which solves the problem of sparse signal reconstruction, the idea of step-by-step variable step size and back-off and the generalized Dice function are introduced as new matching metrics, and the improved ZSAMP algorithm is proposed. And applied to the interference reconstruction process. The algorithm does not need to know the sparsity a priori, inherits the effectiveness of the existing greedy algorithm, and can complete the accurate reconstruction of the narrowband interference in a shorter time. Theoretical analysis and simulation show that the new algorithm is better than the existing typical greedy iterative algorithm under the same conditions, and the signal sparsity is not overestimated and the running time is lower than the similar algorithm. |
14,648 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Optimization Algorithm Leveraging a Three-Dimensional Approach of Periscopic, Pheromonic and Fractal Search, and key words: Search problems, Fractals, Biology, Optimization, Standards. Abstract: This paper focuses on a new algorithm for solving optimization problems using the nature of food search behaviour of caterpillars. The paper describes how the periscopic, pheromonic and fractal search properties analogous to the caterpillars, can aid in designing a new optimization algorithm. The performance characteristics of the new method is compared using 26 standard test functions and the area under the curve of the fitness evaluations is used to validate and compare the proposed algorithms against existing related works. The proposed algorithm is found to be efficient when compared with the existing methods. The proposed algorithm is then tested on a real world problem to remove signal noise from eye gaze data, effectively. |
14,649 | Please write an abstract with title: An empirical study of how much a social robot increases the rate of valid responses in a questionnaire survey, and key words: Design methodology, Robots. Abstract: In this paper, we report that how much the presence of a robot increases the rate of valid responses in a questionnaire survey. We conducted a field trial in a university campus based on a single-case design method that is used in applied behavior analysis. We made two conditions: One was a condition that a robot interacting with people was installed (robot condition), and another was a condition that the robot was not installed (no-robot condition). We measured once a day for eight days, each day lasting 125 minutes from 11:25 to 13:30. The robot condition and the no-robot condition were assigned alternately to each day. The robot was controlled by an operator. The results showed that the valid response rates of the robot condition were 8.9%, 3.8%, 6.1%, and 1.9%, and those of the no-robot condition were 4.9%, 3.7%, 3.1%, and 1.8%. Considering both these results and complete answer rates, we found that although a robot can attract people’s attention and increase the response rates a little and short-term, the valid response rates do not increase so much as we expect because people who are attracted by the robot are likely to quit answering the questionnaire halfway. In order to increase the valid response rates, we will need to consider a new interaction design for preventing people from quitting their answer. |
14,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Water Volume Fraction Calculation in Multiphase Flows Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensors, and key words: Permittivity, Conductivity, Sensors, Salinity (geophysical), Electrodes, Water, Capacitance. Abstract: Real-time monitoring of water volume fraction in multiphase flows is an important problem for a number of industrial applications. The water phase in the multiphase flows may correspond to either the dispersed phase or the continuous phase. In the past, several low-cost and nonintrusive techniques based on the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) has been developed to image and monitor in real-time multiphase flows containing water. However, such monitoring becomes increasingly challenging for high salinity levels, and no reliable ECT-based method is presently available which could work for obtaining water volume fraction in multiphase flows for all water salinity levels. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on the Hanai's formula for complex dielectric constant and taking advantage of the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect to obtain, to a good approximation, water volume fractions in multiphase flows containing water as either dispersed or continuous phase. |
14,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Human Detection in Moving Fisheye Camera using an Improved YOLOv3 Framework, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Surveillance, Video sequences, Detectors, Switches, Streaming media. Abstract: Pedestrian detection has large relevance to the understanding of static and moving scenes of video sequences. The increasing demand for safety and security of people has resulted in more research on intelligent visual surveillance in a wide range of applications, such as moving human detection. With the great success of deep learning methods, researchers decided to switch from traditional methods based hand-crafted feature extractors to recent deep learning-based techniques in order to detect and track people. In this work, the topic of person detection with a Top-view moving fisheye camera is addressed. Although the fisheye camera is a useful tool for video monitoring, most of object detection techniques, with (or without) deep learning, concern classical perspective cameras. However, due to the distortions of fisheye images, we are expected to have higher requirements and challenges on the pedestrian detection using this device. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end learning people detection method based on YOLOv3 detector that detects people using oriented bounding boxes. The proposed model customizes the traditional YOLOv3 for the detection of oriented bounding boxes, by regressing the angle of each bounding box using a periodic loss function. With rotation bounding box prediction, our approach is efficient, reaching 98,1% of true detection. The proposed method is evaluated on a new available dataset where rotated bounding boxes represent annotations from several fisheye videos: https://partage.imt.fr/index.php/s/nytmFqiq8jaztkX |
14,652 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepEdgeBench: Benchmarking Deep Neural Networks on Edge Devices, and key words: Performance evaluation, Deep learning, Power demand, Power measurement, Computational modeling, Graphics processing units, Nanoscale devices. Abstract: EdgeAI (Edge computing based Artificial Intelligence) has been most actively researched for the last few years to handle variety of massively distributed AI applications to meet up the strict latency requirements. Meanwhile, many companies have released edge devices with smaller form factors (low power consumption and limited resources) like the popular Raspberry Pi and Nvidia's Jetson Nano for acting as compute nodes at the edge computing environments. Although the edge devices are limited in terms of computing power and hardware resources, they are powered by accelerators to enhance their performance behavior. Therefore, it is interesting to see how AI-based Deep Neural Networks perform on such devices with limited resources. In this work, we present and compare the performance in terms of inference time and power consumption of the four SoCs: Asus Tinker Edge R, Raspberry Pi 4, Google Coral Dev Board, Nvidia Jetson Nano, and one microcontroller: Arduino Nano 33 BLE, on different deep learning models and frameworks. We also provide a method for measuring power consumption, inference time and accuracy for the devices, which can be easily extended to other devices. Our results showcase that, for Tensorflow based quantized model, the Google Coral Dev Board delivers the best performance, both for inference time and power consumption. For a low fraction of inference computation time, i.e. less than 29.3% of the time for MobileNetV2, the Jetson Nano performs faster than the other devices. |
14,653 | Please write an abstract with title: PRDP: Person Reidentification With Dirty and Poor Data, and key words: Training, Noise measurement, Data models, Task analysis, Training data, Predictive models, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In this article, we propose a novel method to simultaneously solve the data problem of dirty quality and poor quantity for person reidentification (ReID). Dirty quality refers to the wrong labels in image annotations. Poor quantity means that some identities have very few images (FewIDs). Training with these mislabeled data or FewIDs with triplet loss will lead to low generalization performance. To solve the label error problem, we propose a weighted label correction based on cross-entropy (wLCCE) strategy. Specifically, according to the influence range of the wrong labels, we first classify the mislabeled images into point label error and set label error. Then, we propose a weighted triplet loss (WTL) to correct the two label errors, respectively. To alleviate the poor quantity issue, we propose a feature simulation based on autoencoder (FSAE) method to generate some virtual samples for FewID. For the authenticity of the simulated features, we transfer the difference pattern of identities with multiple images (MultIDs) to FewIDs by training an autoencoder (AE)-based simulator. In this way, the FewIDs obtain richer expressions to distinguish from other identities. By dealing with a dirty and poor data problem, we can learn more robust ReID models using the triplet loss. We conduct extensive experiments on two public person ReID datasets: 1) Market-1501 and 2) DukeMTMC-reID, to verify the effectiveness of our approach. |
14,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Pulse-Based Protocol with Chirp Spread Spectrum for Massive IoT, and key words: Protocols, Codes, Chirp, Error analysis, Modulation, Packet loss, Information and communication technology. Abstract: As IoT devices are becoming more and more common, it has become necessary to develop new Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technology to support massive IoT devices. In our previous work, Asynchronous Pulse Code Multiple Access (APCMA) has been proposed as a pulse-based power-saving communication protocol. In this paper, we propose a low-power and interference-resistant communication method by using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation for APCMA. CSS-based APCMA can communicate with a wider coverage than APCMA that is based conventional On-Off Keying of Continuous Waves (CW). We have implemented the proposed protocol using Software-Defined Radio (SDR) and confirmed that communication is possible. Comparing with LoRa, we found that the proposed communication method has less packet loss under a high duty cycle. |
14,655 | Please write an abstract with title: A 110pJ/Bit Star- 16QAM 915MHz Band Ultra-Low Power Receiver Based on Polar Architecture, and key words: Power demand, Sensitivity, Amplitude shift keying, Receivers, Energy efficiency, Topology, Internet of Things. Abstract: This paper presents a 915MHz band ultra-low-power receiver with high energy efficiency for IoT applications. With the proposed polar receiver topology, the received Star- 16QAM signal is split into an ASK signal and D8PSK signal. A phase-tracking loop working as a phase domain ADC is adopted to demodulate the D8PSK signal, while the ASK signal can be demodulated by using a mixer-based energy detector chain. The receiver was designed and simulated in 65nm CMOS technology. Under 1V supply voltage, the power consumption of 445 μ W and the energy efficiency of 110pJ/bit have been achieved, which is at least 3.5× and 7.1 × better than prior arts, respectively. The simulated sensitivity is −76dBm at a data rate of 4Mbps. The figure of merit (FoM) of the receiver is 176dB. |
14,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Power Transfer System for Battery-Less Sensor Nodes, and key words: Schottky diodes, Radio frequency, Rectennas, Wireless power transfer, Robot sensing systems, Resistance, Antenna arrays. Abstract: For the first time, the design and implementation of a fully-integrated wireless information and power transfer system, operating at 24 GHz and enabling battery-less sensor nodes, is presented in this paper. The system consists of an RF power source, a receiver antenna array, a rectifier, and a battery-less sensor node which communicates via backscatter modulation at 868 MHz. The rectifier circuits use commercially available Schottky diodes to convert the RF power to DC with a measured efficiency of up to 35%, an improvement of ten percentage points compared with previously reported results. The rectifiers and the receive antenna arrays were jointly designed and optimised, thereby reducing the overall circuit size. The battery-less sensor transmitted data to a base station realised as a GNU Radio flow running on a bladeRF Software Defined Radio module. The whole system was tested in free-space in laboratory conditions and was capable of providing sufficient energy to the sensor node in order to enable operation and wireless communication at a distance of 0.15 metres. |
14,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Insect-Inspired Spiking Neural Controllers for Adaptive Behaviors in Bio-Robots, and key words: Adaptation models, Biological system modeling, Behavioral sciences, Complexity theory. Abstract: The perception-action loop is at the basis of living beings' behavior and still represents a challenging process to be modeled, due to its complexity both at the level of the input sensory system and the output behavioral repertoire, determined by the real-life constraints imposed by the environment. |
14,658 | Please write an abstract with title: A stochastic control approach to group preventive replacement in a multicomponent system, and key words: Stochastic systems, Control systems, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Ground penetrating radar, Stochastic processes, Art, Linear systems, Controllability, Reduced order systems, Digital filters. Abstract: A group preventive replacement problem is formulated in continuous time for a multicomponent system having identical elements. The dynamic programming equation is obtained in the framework of the theory of optimal control of jump processes. For a discrete time version of the model, the numerical computation of optimal and suboptimal strategies of group preventive replacement are done. A monotonicity property of the Bellman functional (or cost-to-go function) is used to reduce the size of the computational problem. Some counterintuitive properties of the optimal strategy are apparent in the numerical results obtained. |
14,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart-Meter Big Data for Load Forecasting: An Alternative Approach to Clustering, and key words: Predictive models, Load forecasting, Data models, Load modeling, Prediction algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Big Data. Abstract: Accurate forecasting of electricity demand is vital to the resilient management of energy systems. Recent efforts in harnessing smart-meter data to improve forecasting accuracy have primarily centered around cluster-based approaches (CBAs), where smart-meter data are grouped into a small number of clusters and separate prediction models are developed for each cluster. The cluster-based predictions are then aggregated to compute the total demand. CBAs have provided promising results compared to conventional approaches that are generally not conducive to integrating smart-meter data. However, CBAs are computationally costly and suffer from the curse of dimensionality, especially under scenarios involving smart-meter data from millions of customers. In this work, we propose an efficient reduced model approach (RMA) that leverages a novel hierarchical dimension reduction algorithm to enable the integration of fine-resolution high-dimensional smart-meter data for millions of customers in load prediction. We demonstrate the applicability of our proposed approach by using data from a utility company, based in Illinois, United States, with more than 3.7 million customers and present model performance in-terms of forecast accuracy. The proposed hierarchical dimension reduction approach enables utilizing the high-resolution data from smart-meters in a scalable manner that is not exploitable otherwise. The results shows significant improvements in forecast accuracy compared to the available approaches that either do not harness fine-resolution data or are not scalable to large-scale smart-meter big data. |
14,660 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on parameters influencing the VM migration in datacenters, and key words: Data centers, Memory management, Random access memory, Load management, Virtual machining, Time factors, Virtualization. Abstract: The desired attributes of datacenter gained from virtual machine migration are Fault tolerance, Load balancing, high availability, energy saving and disaster recovery. The datacenter administrator initiates Virtual Machine (VM) migration and as part of the migration process it is necessary to make an intelligent decision to recognize a suitable VM to be migrated. Identifying an apt VM to be moved will aid in remarkable performance. The choice of opting for the exact VM to be migrated rest on various factors namely downtime, total migration time, total transferred data, computational resources relinquished, memory resources relinquished and application performance during migration. The parameters are influenced based on type and nature of the application. This paper discusses the different parameters influencing the apt VM to be migrated by analyzing the afore mentioned parameters. |
14,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Calculation and mitigation of power plane resonance in printed circuit boards (PCB), and key words: Resonance, Printed circuits, Circuit noise, Capacitors, Circuit simulation, Finite difference methods, Clocks, Voltage, Logic circuits, Time domain analysis. Abstract: This work presents a study of a highly efficient and simple finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) based algorithm capable of accurate simulation of simultaneous switching noise. The algorithm is capable of including lumped circuit elements having user-designated impedance. Results are presented and are validated by comparison to laboratory measurements. |
14,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Learning as a Tool for Developing Learner Autonomy for Future Engineers, and key words: Force, Education, Market research, Task analysis, Interviews. Abstract: Current university educational context is vulnerable due to challenges caused by different force majeure, which result in dramatic shift towards online education. However, not all students are willing to deal with online edtech on a regular basis as they are under severe pressure from inability to work autonomously. It is an alarming trend especially for future engineers, as they are required to solve multi-dimensional tasks, be able to find solutions promptly and autonomously. To fill in the gap between the urge for autonomous learning and lack of willingness to study independently, the authors offer the results of the research conducted among 632 future engineers. The 2-stage survey via interviews and a questionnaire was aimed at identifying major challenges and benefits that can trigger sustained autonomous learning activity of students. The findings of this study can be useful for designing and developing online courses as a tool for enhancing student autonomy. |
14,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Indicators of Engineering Students’ Academic Performance: A Gender-Based Study, and key words: Systems thinking, Education, Engineering students, Uncertainty, Instruments, Complexity theory, Complex systems. Abstract: Academic performance of engineering students continues to receive attention in the literature. However, the literature lacks studies that investigate the simultaneous relationship between students’ systems thinking (ST) skills, and Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and proactive personality scale, and their potential impact on academic performance across gender. Three established instruments, namely, ST skills instrument with seven dimensions, FFM traits with five dimensions, and proactive personality with one dimension, were administrated for data collection. A web-based cross-sectional survey using Qualtrics was developed to gather data from engineering students. To show the prediction power of the ST skills, FFM traits, and proactive personality on the academic performance of engineering students, Multiple Group Structural Analysis was applied. The study findings show how key skills and characteristics impact engineering students’ academic performance and also how gender moderates these relationships. This study can provide important implications and contributions to engineering education and complex systems bodies of knowledge. First, the study will provide a better understanding of engineering students’ academic performance across gender. This intent is to help educators, teachers, mentors, college authorities, and other involved parties to understand students’ individual differences for a better training and guidance environment. Second, a closer look at the level of systemic thinking and its connection with FFM traits and proactive personality would assist in understanding engineering students’ skillset better in the domain of complex systems. |
14,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Fine-grained Image Classification with Generative Adversarial Networks and Facial Landmark Detection, and key words: Training, Solid modeling, Training data, Predictive models, Generative adversarial networks, Transformers, Data models. Abstract: Fine-grained classification remains a challenging task because distinguishing categories needs learning complex and local differences. Diversity in the pose, scale, and position of objects in an image makes the problem even more difficult. Although the recent Vision Transformer models achieve high performance, they need an extensive volume of input data. To encounter this problem, we made the best use of GAN-based data augmentation to generate extra dataset instances. Oxford-IIIT Pets was our dataset of choice for this experiment. It consists of 37 breeds of cats and dogs with variations in scale, poses, and lighting, which intensifies the difficulty of the classification task. Furthermore, we enhanced the performance of the recent Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), StyleGAN2-ADA model to generate more realistic images while preventing overfitting to the training set. We did this by training a customized version of MobileNetV2 to predict animal facial landmarks; then, we cropped images accordingly. Lastly, we combined the synthetic images with the original dataset and compared our proposed method with standard GANs augmentation and no augmentation with different subsets of training data. We validated our work by evaluating the accuracy of fine-grained image classification on the recent Vision Transformer (ViT) Model. Code is available at: https://github.com/mahdi-darvish/GAN-augmented-pet-classifler |
14,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Candidate isolated neutron stars in the 4XMM-DR10 catalogue of X-ray sources, and key words: pulsar: general, stars: neutron, X-rays: stars. Abstract: Most isolated neutron stars have been discovered thanks to the detection of their pulsed non-thermal emission, at wavelengths spanning from radio to gamma-rays. However, if the beamed non-thermal radiation does not intercept our line of sight or it is too faint or absent, isolated neutron stars can also be detected through their thermal emission, which peaks in the soft X-ray band and is emitted nearly isotropically. In the past 30 yr, several thermally emitting isolated neutron stars have been discovered thanks to X-ray all-sky surveys, observations targeted at the centre of supernova remnants, or as serendipitous X-ray sources. Distinctive properties of these relatively rare X-ray sources are very soft spectra and high ratios of X-ray to optical flux. The recently released 4XMM-DR10 catalogue contains more than half a million X-ray sources detected with the XMM–Newton telescope in the 0.2–10 keV range in observations carried out from 2000 to 2019. Based on a study of the spectral properties of these sources and on cross-correlations with catalogues of possible counterparts, we have carried out a search of isolated neutron stars, finding four potential candidates. The spectral and long-term variability analysis of these candidates, using Chandra and Swift-XRT data, allowed us to point out the most interesting sources deserving further multiwavelength investigations. |
14,666 | Please write an abstract with title: IDRA: An In-Storage Data Reorganization Accelerator for Multidimensional Databases, and key words: Databases, Registers, Random access memory, Nonvolatile memory, Memory management, Loading, Data transfer. Abstract: In the multidimensional databases, various storage methods for the main memory have been proposed for efficient data processing. On the other hand, storage devices such as SSD still leverage the conventional row-oriented storage method to avoid complicated operating system modification. Since there is a difference in storage methods between the main memory and storage device, it is necessary to reorganize the data between them. However, data reorganization in the conventional CPU-based systems causes a long latency due to a large number of memory accesses. In addition, it also causes high dynamic power consumption of a CPU. In this letter, we propose an in-storage data reorganization accelerator for multidimensional databases (IDRA). We place the IDRA in an SSD to reorganize data on the fly while loading it into the main memory without intervention of the CPU. In our evaluation on the off-the-shelf system (not simulation), the IDRA-based system improves the performance by 78.6% and reduces the system-wide energy by 30.3%, on average, compared to the conventional CPU-based system. |
14,667 | Please write an abstract with title: A SISO strategy to control an AGV, and key words: Control systems, Velocity control, Wheels, Vehicles, Automatic control, Trajectory, Strips, Output feedback, Feedback loop, Velocity measurement. Abstract: In this paper SISO iterative technique to control automated guided vehicles is presented. The proposed technique is restricted to stable SISO systems. Selected experimental results that demonstrate the feasibility the proposed solution are presented |
14,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving the performance of solving large scale mixed-integer energy system models by applying the fix-and-relax method, and key words: Costs, Europe, Optimization, System analysis and design, Periodic structures. Abstract: The optimization problems in energy system analysis can be too complex to be solved in a reasonable time. Therefore, temporal decomposition techniques are often used to reduce model execution time. We develop a heuristic approach based on the "fix-and-relax" method and apply it -to our best knowledge, for the first time- to a large-scale energy system model. The temporal decomposition is applied only to the integer variables of the optimization problem. The results show that the execution time can be two times faster using this technique and that the found solution is still within the allowed 0.5% relative gap. |
14,669 | Please write an abstract with title: AIAG VDA and SAE J1739 DFMEA Methods, Similarities, Differences and Impact on the Auto Industry, and key words: Industries, Random access memory, Organizations, Reliability, Automotive engineering. Abstract: The AIAG (Automotive Industry Action Group), VDA (Verband der Automobilindustrie) and SAE International (SAE) are the three most influential organizations in the worldwide automotive industry when it comes to the use of FMEAs. |
14,670 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multiple Sequences Spread-Spectrum System with Cyclic Index Modulation for Underwater Acoustic Communication, and key words: Fading channels, Time-frequency analysis, Phase shift keying, Frequency modulation, Simulation, Conferences, Performance gain. Abstract: In multiple sequences spread-spectrum (MSSS) system, multiple cyclic shifted spread sequences are superimposed to increase data rate, in which the first spread sequence is used as pilot for channel estimation and the remained spread sequences for carrying information bits. In this paper, a cyclic index modulation aided multiple sequences direct spread-spectrum system for underwater acoustic communication is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a part of spread sequences of the maximum number of available superimposed spread sequences, whose indexes are determined by extra information bits, are selected to spread phase shift keying (PSK) symbols. By comparing error performance of the proposed system and multiple sequences spread-spectrum system, results show that the proposed system can achieve obvious performance gains over time-frequency doubly selective fading channels and underwater acoustic channels. |
14,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnet systems for the Daresbury synchrotron radiation source, and key words: Synchrotron radiation, Storage rings, Structural beams, Testing, Laboratories, Electron beams, Prototypes, Design optimization, Apertures, Steel. Abstract: The design, production and testing of the main dipole and quadrupole magnets for a 2 GeV electron storage ring are described, with particular emphasis on the integrated field performance including the optimisation of magnet ends. In addition fast pulsed kicker and septum magnets for control of injection and extraction processes in both the storage ring and its booster synchrotron injector are treated. All magnets are now installed and operating routinely in the new Synchrotron Radiation Source at Daresbury. |
14,672 | Please write an abstract with title: An Extended Exposure Fusion and its Application to Single Image Contrast Enhancement, and key words: Laplace equations, Image color analysis, Brightness, Dynamic range, Imaging, Smoothing methods. Abstract: Exposure Fusion is a high dynamic range imaging technique fusing a bracketed exposure sequence into a high quality image. In this paper, we provide a refined version resolving its out-of-range artifact and its low-frequency halo. It improves on the original Exposure Fusion by augmenting contrast in all image parts. Furthermore, we extend this algorithm to single exposure images, thereby turning it into a competitive contrast enhancement operator. To do so, bracketed images are first simulated from a single input image and then fused by the new version of Exposure Fusion. The resulting algorithm competes with state of the art image enhancement methods. |
14,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Heat-affected zone measurement of copper ablated with femtosecond laser pulses, and key words: Pulse measurements, Copper, Optical pulses, Laser ablation, Laser theory, Chemical lasers, Crystallization, X-ray scattering, Etching, Amorphous materials. Abstract: In this paper, we would like to report on the heat-affected zone of metallic bulk crystal of Cu ablated with femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Due to the heat effects induced by laser pulses, the ablated bottom area is partially converted into the amorphous metals from the crystalline metals. The laser-ablated area etched using argon ion etching apparatus is measured by XRD. |
14,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Core 3D Reconstruction Based on Micro-CT images via a Deep Learning Method, and key words: Interpolation, Costs, Three-dimensional displays, Oils, Computed tomography, Instruments, Printed circuits. Abstract: Digital core technology is the cutting-edge technology of petroleum engineering. Digital core 3D reconstruction is a key issue in digital core technology. At present, the most accurate 3D reconstruction method of digital core is X-Ray Computed Tomography. However, this method is too expensive to afford even for the big oil companies. Especially with the current low oil prices, oil companies are looking to reduce costs. There are two reasons for the high cost of X-ray computed tomography equipment: first, as the accuracy of the equipment improves, the cost of the sensor and the supporting circuit board rises linearly; second, the traditional method of establishing a digital core requires scan the core layer by layer continuously, which allows the sensor to process only a limited number of cores throughout the entire life cycle, increasing the cost of rebuilding a single core. In response to this problem, we propose a new method to make the sensor no longer scan rock core layer by layer. The workflow is as follows: the unscanned layers are interpolated through the values of scanned layers, and then use deep learning algorithm to improve the interpolation quality. The feasibility experiments show that the to-be-established digital core can be obtained with 10 scanned layers instead of 73 scanned layers. This is actually equivalent to using more calculations to release the pressure on the x-ray sensor and its circuit board. Although this method requires the device to do additional calculations, it greatly reduces the workload of the x-ray sensor and its supporting circuits. Since computing equipment such as CPU and GPU are much cheaper than them, our proposed method has practical value. |
14,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of Arbitrary Waveforms at Low Frequencies, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Frequency measurement, Uncertainty, Voltage measurement, Standards, Harmonic analysis, Jitter. Abstract: This paper describes the sampling system based on 28-bit ADC and the procedures for obtaining traceable arbitrary waveform measurements using the system. Coherent and noncoherent measurements are obtained by applying single tone and multi tone waveforms by the DAC working on Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) Technique. The amplitudes of the tones are evaluated using different methods and the results showing excellent agreement are presented. |
14,676 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Bloom’s Taxonomy on Random Forest Classifier for cognitive level identification of E-content, and key words: eLearning, Blooms Taxnomy, Random Forest Classifier, Machine Learning, POS tagging, Decision trees, Cognitive level. Abstract: With the advancement in internet, the efficiency of e-learning increased and currently e-learning is one of the primary method of learning for most learners after the regular academics studies. The knowledge delivery through e-learning web sites increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. The learner can find many website with lots of information on the relevant domain. However learners often found it difficult to Figure out the right leaning content from the humongous availability of e-content. In the proposed work an intelligent framework is developed to address this issue. The framework recommend the right learning content to a user from the e-learning web sites with the knowledge level of the user. The e-contents available in web sites were divided in to three cognitive levels such as beginner, intermediate and advanced level. The current work uses Blooms Taxonomy verbs and its synonyms to improve the accuracy of the classifier used in the framework. |
14,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Threat analyses using vulnerability databases —Possibility of utilizing past analysis results—, and key words: Databases, Service robots, Analytical models, Software, Natural languages, Logic gates. Abstract: We propose a threat analysis method utilizing topic model analysis and vulnerability databases. The method is based on attack tree analysis. We create an attack tree on an evaluation target system and some attack trees of known vulnerability. And we combine the two types of attack trees to create more concrete attack trees, that is, attack trees of target system that contain vulnerabilities. Specifically, matching processing of attack trees nodes written in natural language was automated using latent Dirichlet allocation and cosine similarity. The concrete attack tree enables us to calculate the probability of occurrence of a safety accident. In this paper, we show that our proposed method can use the results of past threat analysis for the next one using the case of Tesla model S, Jeep Cherokee and IRB140 industrial robot. |
14,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Resonant tank and transformer design in series resonant converter, and key words: Resonance, Hafnium, Electrical equipment industry, Process design, Inductors, Circuit topology, Power system reliability, Switches, Inverters, Electronics industry. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to establish the industrial design procedure of the resonant tank components and HF transformer in series-resonant converter or inverter. Based on the analysis of the main operation principles of the resonant tank and HF transformer, an industrial design process of these components is given by considering the design requirements which is acquired via the simulation; utilizing the aforementioned components, a 1 KW series-resonant inverter prototype has been constructed, and the validity of the design procedure has been proved via the experimental results. |
14,679 | Please write an abstract with title: Features of Internet Auction Systems Design, and key words: Task analysis, Registers, Internet, Transportation, Standards organizations, Software, Servers. Abstract: The article analyzes the main problems of ecommerce in the field of online auctions and suggests methods for solving these problems. |
14,680 | Please write an abstract with title: 90nm SOI-CMOS of 150GHz f/sub max/ and 0.8dB NF/sub min/ @6GHz for SOC, and key words: Silicon on insulator technology, CMOS integrated circuits, MOSFETs, Semiconductor device noise. Abstract: Recently, CMOS devices with 150 GHz f/sub max/ have been reported with a 0.18 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology. This paper describes a complete high frequency characterization of MOSFET devices obtained with a 0.13 /spl mu/m partially-depleted SOI technology, including for the first time microwave noise parameters on 90 nm SOI devices. A high f/sub max/ of 150 GHz and a low minimum noise figure of 0.8 dB with an associated gain of 16 dB @ 6 GHz have been obtained @1.2V under low power consumption (7mW). |
14,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Four-Switch Five-Level Common-Ground Transformerless Inverter, and key words: Reactive power, Switching frequency, Modulation, Transformers, Inverters, Switched capacitor circuits, Topology. Abstract: This paper presents a common-ground five-level transformerless inverter for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. In the proposed inverter, the grid neutral line is directly connected to the negative pole of the dc bus eliminating the common-mode leakage current which is a critical problem in grid-connected PV systems. Moreover, the proposed inverter has only four power switches, making the first five-level common-ground topology with less than six switches found in the recent literature. In addition to low switch count, only two switches are operating in high-frequency. The operation modes, the design guidelines as well as a modulation strategy are presented. Simulation and experimental results are obtained to demonstrate the performance of the proposed inverter. |
14,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Properties of left-handed metamaterials: transmission, backward phase, negative refraction, and focusing, and key words: Metamaterials, Slabs, Moment methods, Magnetic materials, Microwave frequencies, Couplings, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Phase measurement, Geometry. Abstract: Four properties related to left-handed metamaterials are studied numerically: transmission within a stop-band, backward phase, negative refraction, and partial focusing. The unit cell of the metamaterial under study is composed of a rod and a ring originally proposed at infrared frequencies and redesigned here at microwave frequencies. We show that this ring, because of its symmetry, exhibits a better transmission in a parallel-plate waveguide than the original concentric split-ring resonator. Negative refraction is studied from a prism-shaped metamaterial, while all of the other properties are studied from a slab-shaped metamaterial. In particular, transmission and backward phase are studied on a slab where rings naturally couple with the incident wave, while partial focusing is studied on a slab of rings perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The numerical simulations are based on a two-dimensional periodic method of moments, whose Green's function is computed via Ewald's method, and a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique. |
14,683 | Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of Applying Recommendation Techniques on Traditional Shopping — A Review, and key words: Scientific computing, Computational modeling, Collaboration, Tools, Motion pictures, Data mining, Computational intelligence. Abstract: Recommendation systems have been a very important tool because of the large growth of the data such as movies, books, music and shopping items. It offers to online shoppers a relative recommendation. Consequently, saving time and less complication. This study investigates the possibility and the impact of applying recommendation systems on (non-online) traditional shopping to offer the only related items to the client and make the products more personalized. A full analysis has been made based on a questioner and a quality measurement indicator and showed a good impact of recommendation systems (Collaborative filter.) on traditional shopping. |
14,684 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing Testbench Quality via Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Location awareness, Measurement, Systematics, Circuits and systems, Computer bugs, Hardware, Task analysis. Abstract: Generating quality testbenches during the verification of hardware designs is a highly challenging task. High quality testbenches with appropriate constraints assist in enhancing verification runs leading to quick debug. However, for the purpose of obtaining meaningful constraints in the testbench, a systematic methodology is needed. We propose Genetic Algorithm-based methodology for obtaining testbenches directed towards bug localization. The proposed methodology utilizes coverage metrics for providing feedback to the testbench enhancement process. We perform detailed case studies on two designs to evaluate the proposed methodology. Experimental results illustrate that with the generated constraints, a directed testbench can be crafted for exposing the design bug. |
14,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel GA-based approach and neural fuzzy networks application in short-term load forecasting, and key words: Fuzzy neural networks, Intelligent networks, Load forecasting, Fuzzy systems, Artificial neural networks, Neural networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms, Power system management, Power system security. Abstract: An integrated genetic algorithm (GA)/fuzzy system (FS), tabu search (TS) and neural fuzzy network (NFN) method for load forecasting is presented in this paper. A fuzzy hyper-rectangular composite neural networks (FHRCNNs) was used for the initial load forecasting. Then we used CGAFS and TS to find the optimal solution of the parameters of the FHRCNNs, instead of backpropagation (BP)(including parameters such as synaptic weights, biases, membership functions, sensitivity factor in membership functions and adjustable synaptic weights). First the CGAFS generates a set of feasible solution parameters and then puts the solution into the TS. The CGAKS has good global optimal search capabilities, but poor local optimal search capabilities. The TS method on the other hand has good local optimal search capabilities. We combined both methods to try and obtain both advantages, and in doing so eliminate the drawback of the traditional ANN training by BP. Finally, we used the (GAFSTS-NFN) to see if we could improve the quality of the solution, and if we actually could reduce the error of load forecasting. The proposed CGAFS-TS load forecasting scheme was tested using data obtain from a sample study, including one year, one week and 24-hours time periods. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed load forecasting scheme. |
14,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Array Processing for Parallel Linear Recursive Kalman Filtering in Underwater Acoustic Exploration, and key words: Acoustic reflection, Delay, State estimation, Frequency estimation, State-space methods, Filtering, Acoustic measurements, Noise measurement, Acoustic sensors, Instruments. Abstract: In underwater seismic exploration applications using acoustic arrays, the firing pulses suffer from air bubbles due to sudden change in water pressure. In practice, the optimum wave form is obtained after the firing pulse has travelled for about 50 meters in the water column. The wave-form is non-periodic and may be approximated by a damped sinusoidal wave. The wave hits the seabed and propagates through the ocean floor. The exploration task is to obtain information in real time from the reflected signals collected by a number of acoustic receivers. Several recent contributions to the literature on signal processing, computer architecture, and VLSI design show that systolic array processing techniques are extremely useful for designing special purpose devices to solve problems in linear algebra and system analysis. In this paper,we apply Kalman filtering theory and parallel Kalman filters to the exploration problem. Particular emphasis is given to the multi-receiver case as an important application of array processing methodology. |
14,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Adaptive Beamformer Based on Complex LS-SVR, and key words: array signal processing, beamforming, LS-SVR. Abstract: Most conventional beamformers like MVDR minimize the output power under the the constraints that keep the desired signal passed distortionless, which is proved lacking robustness. To address this issue, a complex least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) based algorithm is proposed. To deal with complex inputs, we extend the LS-SVR algorithm to complex space and obtain a much conciser form than modeling beamforming task as a real regression. The complex LS-SVR beamformer minimizes the square error and the output power of interferences plus noise simutaneously to achieve higher signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). The simulation results show that the complex LS-SVR beamformer can achieve a high output SINR and is more robust than other approaches. |
14,688 | Please write an abstract with title: The impedance database and its application to the APS storage ring, and key words: Impedance, Databases, Storage rings, Computational modeling, Laboratories, Frequency estimation, Lattices, Standards development, Microwave devices, Curing. Abstract: Since the operation of the APS storage ring, we have observed instabilities of different kinds. Some of them are not well understood and need further investigation; transverse saw-tooth instability and anomalous energy spread are examples. Quantitative understanding of these instabilities requires detailed knowledge of impedance of the ring. For this purpose we developed the concept of the impedance database, where the wake potential of each vacuum component in the ring is deposited and maintained in a standard form. These standardized wake-potentials can be manipulated with high flexibility by utilizing the Self Describing Data Sets (SDDS) toolkit developed at Argonne National Laboratory. In this paper we will present the total impedance of the APS storage ring obtained by using the impedance database. Then we report the application of the total impedance to investigate the currently observed instabilities in the APS storage ring. |
14,689 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Image Fusion With Discrete Cosine Transform, and key words: Image fusion, Discrete cosine transforms, Measurement, Databases, Biomedical imaging, Image reconstruction. Abstract: A fast and effective image fusion method based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed. The fusion quality and computation time of current DCT-based image fusion methods largely depend on the selected block size, and the selection of the block size is very difficult in practice. A novel image fusion method based on DCT coefficient matrix features is proposed, which can effectively overcome the above difficulties. A DCT-based image fusion framework is proposed, which decomposes each source image into a base layer and a detail layer for image fusion. And optimize the calculation method of the base layer to better preserve the structure of the image. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by six image databases with more than 90 pairs of source images in total. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain the most effective results in terms of visual quality and objective evaluation of medical image fusion, and the fusion time is more efficient. |
14,690 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel CMA adaptive array antenna achieving asynchronous 2D-RAKE receiver for DS/SS signals, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Antenna arrays, Receiving antennas, Timing, Fading, Correlators, Multipath channels, Delay, Radio frequency, Matched filters. Abstract: In this paper, a new CMA adaptive array antenna achieving 2D-RAKE receiver asynchronously has been proposed. Through computer simulations, it has been verified that the proposed scheme accomplishes 2D-RAKE after 300 iterations without any remarkable degradation of performance. As further considerations, an acceleration technique of the convergence is presented. |
14,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of Physical Layer Network Coding in Massive MIMO Systems With M-QAM Modulations, and key words: Spectral efficiency, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Simulation, Modulation, Massive MIMO, Network coding, Throughput. Abstract: In this paper, we develop a practical approach for deploying Physical Layer Network Coding (PNC) in multi-user M-Ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. We formulate a PNC mapping scheme as a function of clusters of estimated summation and difference (SD) of the transmitted symbols from user pairs. Utilizing existing linear detection schemes, such as Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), a cluster of SD symbols are detected using an SD linearly transformed channel matrix. Furthermore, utilizing Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) soft decoding, the SD symbols are mapped to the PNC symbols, leveraging on the PNC symbol that maximizes the likelihood function. For each variant of M-QAM, we derive and simplify a specialization of the generalized PNC mapping function. The error performance results, through simulation, reveal that the proposed PNC scheme achieves twice the spectral efficiency in Massive MIMO, without changing the latter's underlying framework and without any degradation in the bit-error-rate (BER). In fact, our investigation has proved that the BER of the proposed Massive MIMO and PNC is slightly better than that of the conventional Massive MIMO. The feasibility of deploying our proposed PNC scheme in Massive MIMO systems paves way for NC applications to be realized in cellular systems. |
14,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurements of UHF band radio propagation in mobile outdoor environments by use of existent TV broadcasting waves, and key words: UHF measurements, Radio propagation, TV broadcasting, Antenna measurements, Frequency measurement, UHF propagation, TV receivers, Position measurement, Global Positioning System, Mobile communication. Abstract: This paper proposes an original method for UHF band radio propagation measurements by use of existing TV broadcasting waves and describes how to develop a mobile measurement system for UHF band radio propagation in mobile outdoor environments. And the paper shows measurement limitation, frequency selectivity, antenna directivity and temperature characteristics of our developed measurement system. As a result of experiments in UHF band radio propagation, the paper shows the received level contour map of Hiroshima City. This map clarifies that the received level is dependent on the surrounding features. |
14,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity analysis and relaxation of the Static Traffic Assignment Problem with Capacity Constraints, and key words: Resource management, Sensitivity analysis, Perturbation methods, Roads, Delays. Abstract: This article introduces sensitivity analysis, reduction of the feasible set around the optimal solution, and LP and QP relaxations on convex, capacity-constrained network flow problems to evaluate the impact of a change in link capacity on the optimal flow allocation. This is done in the context of the static traffic assignment problem under capacity constraints [TAP-C], to understand the impact of traffic incidents on traffic flow in road networks, though the results also apply beyond transportation.The dual formulation of the convex [TAP-C] using gener-alized travel costs is exploited to show that dual variables associated to the link capacity constraints can be used to understand sensitivity of link flows to perturbation. To avoid expensive computations of the [TAP-C] optimal flow solution, the impact of a perturbation of link capacities on the optimal flow allocation is shown to be lower-bounded by a dual sensitivity analysis, and upper-bounded by LP and QP relaxations of the [TAP-C] on a reduced set of feasible flow allocations around the optimal solution.Simulations are conducted on a benchmark city network (the Sioux Falls network with 75 links) to assess the impact of an incident on the traffic flow allocation. When one road (2 links) is closed, the total vehicle hours of travel (VHT) doubles in the network. For this network, the computation of the solution through relaxation is shown to be 300 times faster than recomputing the [TAP-C]. |
14,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of A Low-Cost ECG Monitoring System Using ARM Cortex-M4 Family Microcontroller, and key words: Microcontrollers, Conferences, Prototypes, Electrocardiography, Touch sensitive screens, Lead, Reliability engineering. Abstract: A prototype of a low-cost electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device has been designed and implemented. We used Texas Instruments TM4C123G LaunchPad as a low-cost ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontroller, the AD8232 board as a cost-effective single lead ECG sensor, and Nextion 3.2" touch screen Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) as a monitor. A moving average filter was designed and applied to smooth the signal and get a high-quality ECG signal. Experimental results indicated the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the design. |
14,695 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for personalized production based on digital twin, blockchain and additive manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0, and key words: Three-dimensional printing, Industries, Solid modeling, Data models. Abstract: The booming customized and personalized demands call for new production paradigms that complies with that change. The ubiquitous connection, digitization and sharing in the context of Industry 4.0 present an opportunity for next-generation production paradigm-personalized production, to meet the booming personalized demands with individual needs and preferences. Personalized production refers to a customer-centric production paradigm, where individual needs and preferences are transformed into personalized products and services at an affordable cost, by maximizing the benefit of connection and sharing throughout the product life-cycle. This paper reviews and identifies the evolution of production paradigms. A framework for personalized production based on digital twin, blockchain and additive manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0 is proposed. Besides, the impact of the implementation of personalized production is discussed from the aspects of customer-centric business model, social and environmental effects and challenges of data ownership. This paper provides helpful guidance and reference for personalized production paradigm. |
14,696 | Please write an abstract with title: A versatile signed array multiplier suitable for VLSI implementation, and key words: Very large scale integration, Logic arrays, Delay effects, Digital signal processing. Abstract: The basic building block of DSP-based implementation is multipliers. There are many multiplier structures suitable for VLSI implementation. In this paper, a new structure is proposed for 2's complement multiplication and compared with other multiplier structures. It is shown that this proposed scheme has a more versatile and modular structure. Therefore, no redesign is required for different lengths of multipliers and few different types of cells are needed. Moreover, this new structure can be applied to booth-encoded partial products. |
14,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a Condition Monitoring Software for Mineral Oil-Immersed Transformers via Dissolved Gas In-Oil Analysis, and key words: Software performance, Oil insulation, Tools, Maintenance engineering, Solids, Minerals, Power systems. Abstract: Monitoring and diagnosing of power transformers inside the electric power system has attracted the consideration of condition-based maintenance for many years. To ensure continuity of the electrical service, it is vital for the utilities to find the incipient faults in power transformers as early as possible. Dissolved-gas analysis (DGA) is able to discriminate between normal and abnormal conditions in transformer’s liquid-insulation. The purpose of this paper is to provide computer-based software for interpreting dissolved gases results from mineral oil-immersed transformers using statistical-based analytical tools and fault interpretation methods as Key Gas, Duval Triangle and Pentagons, and Rogers Ratio. To evaluate the software performance, database of 17 samples from a utility were taken, stored, and tested. The software was developed using MATLAB. |
14,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Closed-loop driver/vehicle model for automotive control, and key words: Vehicle driving, Automotive engineering, Stability, State estimation, Vehicle safety, Control system synthesis, Modeling, Land vehicles, System testing, Wheels. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the implementation of a comprehensive vehicle model combined with a driver model in closed loop for the purpose of developing and testing of vehicle stability systems. As an example of such a stability system, a model of an active front steering controller is considered. The operation of this controller is based on vehicle states available my means of a state estimator. The functional efficiency of these combined models is demonstrated using a double-lane change manoeuvre. The use of the stability controller shows clear improvement in terms of the vehicle dynamical stability. |
14,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison Experiment of Learning State Between Visual Programming Language and Text Programming Language, and key words: Visualization, Computer languages, Java, Education, Task analysis. Abstract: Recently, visual programming languages such as Scratch have been popular among novice programmers. Afterward, they employ text-based programming languages such as C and Java. Nevertheless, there are significant barriers between visual and text-based languages. Thus, it is important to establish a seamless transition from visual to text-based languages. In this study, we clarify the difference in the learning process between visual language and text-based language by measuring brain waves. Specifically, experiments will be conducted to solve problems with various difficulty levels for learning visual and text-based languages. The brain waves will be measured, and the values of β/α will be evaluated. Results show that the values of β/α when solving difficult problems increased in the text-based language, but not in the visual language. This suggests that beginners may be thinking differently in the learning process of visual and text-based languages. |
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