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15,000 | Please write an abstract with title: High gradient magnetic separation combined with electrocoagulation and electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of landfill leachate, and key words: Magnetic separation, Oxidation, Iron, Electrodes, Superconducting magnets, Organic compounds, Chemicals, Magnetic levitation, Solids, Effluents. Abstract: Landfill leachate was treated in a bench scale plant by high gradient magnetic separation combined with electrocoagulation using iron electrodes and electrochemical oxidation. The electrocoagulation with iron electrodes was used as a magnetic seeding method for phosphorus and organic compounds. Some organic compounds in landfill leachate was coagulated by iron(II) hydrates or hydroxides produced from iron electrodes. Phosphorus in landfill leachate was also suspended as iron phosphate. These magnetized solids were removed by high gradient magnetic separation using a superconducting magnet. The removal rate of total phosphate (T-P) was approximately 90% at a flow rate of 100 L/h. Residuals in the effluent of magnetic filter such as ammonium nitrogen (NH/sub 4/ - N) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) were destroyed by electrochemical oxidation using Ti/PbO/sub 2/ anode. The hypochlorite generated from oxidation of chloride in leachate might play a key oxidant in the effective removal of NH/sub 4/ - N. The experimental result showed that the pretreatment combined process of electrocoagulation using iron electrodes and high gradient magnetic separation might improve the charge efficiency in electrochemical oxidation. Several chemicals that were suspected of having environmental endocrine disrupting effects was also decreased. |
15,001 | Please write an abstract with title: The commercialisation of Computing Artefacts and Technological Entrepreneurship in University Incubation Program, and key words: Industries, Training, Technological innovation, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Entrepreneurship, Prototypes. Abstract: There is a general agreement in terms of the execution processes to support inventions of prototypes and products which begins from prototyping to the actual market. However, the mechanism and process to translate the academics research from university to the industry are questionable since the success of commercialisation of computing research artefacts is disputed. This article attempts to investigate the commercialization mechanism and processes for these artefacts from universities. The investigation is carried out in selected university incubations as a case study research. Resource-based and capability perspective are adapted to investigate the selected cases in the university technology commercialization initiatives. The outcomes of this article are expected to offer a commercialisation model of computing artefacts among academics. |
15,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Cladding pumped Nd-doped fiber laser tunable from 908 to 938 nm, and key words: Laser excitation, Fiber lasers, Pump lasers, Tunable circuits and devices, Laser tuning, Power generation, Laser transitions, Power lasers, Optical tuning, Absorption. Abstract: A single-mode tunable aluminosilicate Nd-doped double clad fiber laser is presented with tuning range of 908 nm-938 nm and maximum power of 2.4 W at 926 nm. The influence on tuning range is investigated. |
15,003 | Please write an abstract with title: SCOMA hand prosthetic, and key words: Training, Resistance, Mechatronics, Thumb, Prototypes, Robot sensing systems, Three-dimensional printing. Abstract: SCOMA Prosthetic Hand is a robotic hand that can give to the patient the ability to resume a good part of their daily activities. It is not only designed to resume daily activities, but also to improve the mental health of the patient. Worldwide, each year the number of amputees increases from 150,000 to 200,000 in which 30% of these amputees have suffered an upper limb amputation but only between 27% and 44% of them use arm prostheses. There are many reasons behind this, but some aspects to consider about existing prostheses are: uncomfortable, very expensive, have a robotic appearance, or need invasive procedures to fit patients. In our proposal we used the mechatronic design methodology and the data from the Amputee Coalition to create a new hand prosthesis. We analyzed it through different studies such as SWOT diagrams, quality matrix, goal tree and pairwise comparison matrix and simulation tests. In addition, we tested a 3D printing to find a suitable design and the most assertive components. By building the robotic hand with cheaper, more common components and limited functions, we can offer to the patients a comfortable prosthesis and a new more realistic option than those offer on the market. This prosthesis have limited functions but can be accessible to many people and the design could be improved in the future easily. |
15,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Privacy-Preserving Classification Scheme Based on Support Vector Machine, and key words: Support vector machines, Homomorphic encryption, Cryptography, Scalability, Encryption, Data privacy, Gaussian processes. Abstract: As a classifier, support vector machine (SVM) explains a core problem of machine learning, namely sample classification in statistical terms. It has been widely used in machine learning, data mining, pattern recognition, and other fields. With the wide applications of SVMs in machine learning and big data, privacy protection of sensitive data in SVMs is becoming more and more important, such as face recognition and biometric information. At present, the main privacy protection methods in SVMs are homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation. However, there are some problems in current research. The computational efficiency is low, and the scalability of the schemes is poor. In addition, the user must stay online in some solutions. To solve the abovementioned problems, this article designs a secure and efficient classification scheme based on SVM to protect the privacy of private data and support vectors in the calculation and transmission process. First, the distributed two trapdoors public-key cryptosystem proposed by Liu is used to realize the distributed double-key decryption function, weaken the decryption capability of a cloud server with the master key, and prevent the server from launching active attacks. Second, we design a universal secure computing protocol for nonlinear SVMs based on the Gaussian kernel function, which can be extended to polynomial kernel function, sigmoid kernel function and is suitable to different kernel functions. Compared with existing schemes, our solution reduces the amount of encrypted data, simplifies the calculation process, and improves calculation efficiency. Third, an introduced cloud server realizes user offline function. Finally, we analyze the security of the scheme and verify its efficiency through experiments. Analysis and experimental results show that the scheme has the advantages of high efficiency, good scalability, and user offline function. |
15,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Trade-off analysis for different Sink locations in DEEC Protocol, and key words: Meters, Computer science, Base stations, Wireless sensor networks, Protocols, Computational modeling, Sensors. Abstract: Data collected from different sensors in a wireless sensor network is to be send to base station for storage and other utilities such as processing. The data is sent to the base station either as direct or multi-hop propagation based on distance of node to the base station. The location of base station may be inside or outside the sensor field based on the scenario at hand. This paper analyzes trade-off for different locations of base station for various levels of heterogeneity in DEEC protocol. The current work analyzes the standard network parameters such as field dimensions of 100x100 meters, 100 sensor nodes with similar compute ability but different amount of initial energies. On simulation of the network with respect to existing popular literature works, it is found that the placement of the base station at the center of the field lead to optimal utilization of network recourses. |
15,006 | Please write an abstract with title: MMAI - Mobile Moods AI; Electroencephalography Artifact Detection; Towards Objective Assessment of Mental States, and key words: Philosophical considerations, Mechatronics, Mood, Pipelines, Electroencephalography, Software, Data mining. Abstract: The inner workings of the human mind remain a mystery to this day. A core element of philosophy and science is to understand ourselves better. However, it is a tough challenge to perceive what is going on in someone's head. Questionnaires and interviews can provide some degree of insight into what a subject is thinking or feeling, but misinterpretations are a common problem. Therefore, we firmly believe that an ambulatory braincomputer interface system that can capture mental states will significantly impact our scientific understanding. This paper introduces Mobile Moods AI (MMAI), a software pipeline for AI evaluation of brain data. Still, the data we can extract from even modern Electroencephalography (EEG) devices are very susceptible to interferences. Hence, we introduce and evaluate an AI-based artifact detection approach. Furthermore, the overall concept of the MMAI system is outlined. |
15,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Extended rough fuzzy sets for Web search agent, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Web search, World Wide Web, Search engines, HTML, Biological cells, Intelligent agent, Feedback, Intelligent sensors, Rough sets. Abstract: We propose a new method to create an intelligent Web search agent based on combining rough sets and fuzzy sets. Firstly, we create user profiles which is the important part to approximate query and document. We also design categories of user interests by grouping key terms. We update and create new categories automatically from user feedback. Secondly, we use combined rough and fuzzy sets to refine each query. Each query and document has two parts: a set of core queries and a set of possibly queries. Then we submit a set of queries to WWW search engines. Thirdly, a rough fuzzy set is used to represent each result from WWW search engines. Lastly, we compute a degree of similarity between query and documents for ranking purpose. Using these techniques, we can improve the precision level of the result from WWW search engines that are suitable for individual usage. |
15,008 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient power grid phenomena classification based on phase diagram features and machine learning classifiers, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Partial discharges, Machine learning algorithms, Power cables, Signal processing, Feature extraction. Abstract: Electrical transmission lines are the most significant part of a power systems in terms of their spread and length with respect of other components. With their huge development due to the growing demand, network losses are an issue that needs the permanent attention of power network providers and distributors. The difficulties of predictive maintenance of power grids are related to the detection of early warning indicators of weaknesses of electrical cables. These indicators might be defined by partial discharges, corona effects, electrical arcs, all these phenomena being characterized by transient signals propagating in cables. Identifying such signals can be very helpful to assess their sources usually located in the weak parts of the grid. In this paper, we present a new approach for the detection and characterization of these types of transient phenomena in power grid using the phase diagram domain. The extracted features are classified using Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes and k-Nearest Neighbors. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides interesting results in the classification of real-life power grids signals, being a potential solution for predictive maintenance of electrical cables. |
15,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction and expansion of live and safe marked graphs, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Concurrent computing, Circuit synthesis, Circuits and systems. Abstract: In this paper it is proved that certain parallel, series, and circuit reductions and expansions on a marked graph do not change the number of its equivalence classes of live and safe markings. The reductions are aseful for the analysis of marked graphs, and the expansions can be used for synthesizing live and safe marked graphs. |
15,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Implentation and Design of Grounding Systems Using COMSOL multiphysics, and key words: Resistance, Grounding, Soil, Electrodes, Conductivity, Finite element analysis, Mathematical model. Abstract: Protection of equipment, safety of persons and continuity of power supply are the main objectives of the grounding system. For its accurate design, it is essential to determine the potential distribution on the earth surface and the equivalent resistance of the system. In this article we propose a numerical method based on Finite Elements Method (FEM) to design a grounding system. This earthing system is considered a rod electrode buried vertically in the ground. The resistance of the system which is a very important factor in the process of this design. The FEM method is used to estimate the solution of the partial differential equation which governs the behavior of the system. COMSOL multiphysics, which is one of the packages running with the FEM, is used as a tool in this design. The resistance values obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics are compared with the values calculated with the analytical formula of different type's soil resistance. Finally, the potential distribution on the earth surface is determined. |
15,011 | Please write an abstract with title: A Downlink Multiuser MIMO–OFDM System With Nonideal Oscillators and Amplifiers: Characterization and Performance Analysis, and key words: Phase noise, OFDM, Nonlinear distortion, MIMO communication, Downlink, Closed-form solutions. Abstract: In this article, we analytically investigate the performance of a downlink multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with hardware impairments. Specifically, we focus on the joint impact of nonideal oscillators and nonlinear high-power amplifiers, which can be quantified in terms of multiplicative and additive nonlinear distortions as well as phase noise, which causes inter-channel interference (ICI). We first derive the signal-to-distortion-plus-interference-plus-noise ratio (SDINR) and then utilize the SDINR to derive the closed-form expressions for symbol-error-rate and the average capacity of the aforementioned system. Our analysis shows that the statistics of an additive nonlinear distortion and additive white Gaussian noise are not affected by phase noise. However, the phase noise itself significantly deteriorates the performance of the MU-MIMO-OFDM system even in the absence of the nonlinear distortions. We further show that nonlinear distortion and ICI cause an irreducible error floor which considerably degrades the system error performance and also adversely affects the total capacity of the MU-MIMO-OFDM system. Comparisons are drawn between the performance of an ideal MU-MIMO-OFDM system and a MU-MIMO-OFDM system in presence of above impairments. In the end, we present the simulation results to validate the efficacy of our theoretical analysis. |
15,012 | Please write an abstract with title: The Internet: what will grow up to be?, and key words: Internet telephony, TCPIP, ARPANET, Computer networks, IP networks. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The Internet is almost 20 years old today (dating from the wide deployment of TCP/IP on the ARPANET in 1983). It is undoubtedly a success, but unarguably still a work in progress. The author makes the case that the Internet is only 0.1% built out today, and could take another 20 years to fully mature. The Internet is at a crossroads today. It will likely continue as the dominant form of computer networking, but whether or not it becomes the dominant network of the future is questionable. Even though the Internet may have more capacity than the telephone network today, it is incapable of carrying toll-quality telephony. The issues and challenges the Internet faces if it is ever to replace the PSTN are discussed. |
15,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Improved Evolutionary Algorithms Using Students’ Datasets, and key words: Metaheuristics, Optimization methods, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Search problems, Classification algorithms, Reliability. Abstract: Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are powerful heuristic search approaches which relies on Darwinian evolution that capture global solutions to complex optimization problems which has powerful features of reliability and versatility. (EAs) such as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a global optimization method that is extremely effective. PSO's flaws include slow convergence, premature convergence, and getting stuck at local optima. In this paper, chaotic map and dynamic-weight Particle Swarm Optimization (CHDPSOA) are combined with PSO to enhance the search strategy through adjusting the inertia weight of PSO and changing the position update formula in the (CHDPSOA), resulting in efficient balancing for local and global PSO feature selection processes. The performance of CHDPSOA was compared to that of three metaheuristic techniques: Differential Evolution (DE) and the original PSO, using eight numerical functions. The validation of this technique is carried out on four different datasets. The results show that the CHDPSOA is a good feature selection technique that balances the exploration and exploitation search processes to produce good results. The proposed CHDPSOA method performed well in correctly categorizing features using the KNN Classifier for all four datasets. |
15,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Complexity Successive Cancellation List Decoding of Polar Codes Based on Path Metric, and key words: Measurement, Codes, Conferences, Search problems, Communications technology, Decoding, Complexity theory. Abstract: Successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding algorithm are two common decoding methods for polar codes. The SC decoding algorithm has low complexity, but in its decoding process, the bits with small channel indices are used to assist the decoding of the bits with large channel indices. Therefore, the bit being decoded depends on the bits that have already been decoded which causes error propagation. On the basis of SC decoding, the SCL decoding algorithm overcomes the problem of error propagation by widening the path search width and retaining multiple paths at the same time in the decoding process. However, the complexity of SCL decoding is higher than that of SC decoding. Without changing the performance of the SCL decoding algorithm, we propose a low-complexity SCL decoding algorithm based on path metric (PM). After the last frozen bit is decoded, the path with the smallest PM is selected, and the subsequent nodes adopt SC decoding. Through this combination of SCL decoding and SC decoding, the complexity of the SCL decoding algorithm can be effectively reduced while the SCL decoding performance remains unchanged, especially in the case of high code rates. |
15,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Temporal Denoising for Indirect Illumination, and key words: Noise reduction, Real-time systems, Lighting, Kernel, Image reconstruction, Image color analysis, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: Various temporal denoising methods have been proposed to clean up the noise for real-time ray tracing (RTRT). These methods rely on the temporal correspondences of pixels between the current and previous frames, i.e. per-pixel screen-space motion vectors. However, the state-of-the-art temporal reuse methods with traditional motion vectors cause artifacts in motion occlusions. We accordingly propose a novel neural temporal denoising method for indirect illumination of Monte Carlo (MC) ray tracing at 1 sample per pixel. Based on end-to-end multi-scale kernel-based reconstruction, we apply temporally reliable dual motion vectors to facilitate better reconstruction of the occlusions, and also introduce additional motion occlusion loss to reduce ghosting artifacts. Experiments show that our method significantly reduces the over-blurring and ghosting artifacts while generating high-quality images at real-time rates. |
15,016 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Level Crossing Rate of Fluid Antenna Systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Fluids, Monte Carlo methods, Correlation, System performance, Receivers, Performance gain. Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has significantly impacted wireless communication, by providing extraordinary performance gains. However, a minimum inter-antenna space constraint in MIMO systems does not allow its integration in devices with limited space. In this context, the concept of fluid antenna systems (FASs) appears to be a potent solution, where there is no such restriction. In this paper, we investigate the average level crossing rate (LCR) of such FASs. Specifically, we derive closed-form analytical expressions of the LCR of such systems and extensive Monte-Carlo simulations validate the proposed analytical framework. Moreover, we also demonstrate that under certain conditions, the LCR obtained coincides with that of a conventional selection combining-based receiver. Finally, the numerical results also provide insights regarding the selection of appropriate parameters that enhance the system performance. |
15,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Temperature dependence of bound water dielectric behavior in grain, and key words: Temperature dependence, Water, Moisture, Dielectric measurements, Dielectric materials, Permittivity measurement, Microwave frequencies, Temperature measurement, Agricultural engineering, Temperature distribution. Abstract: Dielectric behavior in bound water in grain was studied through measurement of the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies over a wide temperature range between -80/spl deg/C and +10/spl deg/C. Both /spl epsiv/' and /spl epsiv/" were found to increase linearly with temperature with a slope change at around -20/spl deg/C. |
15,018 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamics of Brain Activity Captured by Graph Signal Processing of Neuroimaging Data to Predict Human Behaviour, and key words: Measurement, Task analysis, Standards, Brain, Signal processing, Blood pressure, Drugs. Abstract: Joint structural and functional modelling of the brain based on multimodal imaging increasingly show potential in elucidating the underpinnings of human cognition. In the graph signal processing (GSP) approach for neuroimaging, brain activity patterns are viewed as graph signals expressed on the structural brain graph built from anatomical connectivity. The energy fraction between functional signals that are in line with structure (termed alignment) and those that are not (liberality), has been linked to behaviour. Here, we examine whether there is also information of interest at the level of temporal fluctuations of alignment and liberality. We consider the prediction of an array of behavioural scores, and show that in many cases, a dynamic characterisation yields additional significant insight. |
15,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Bistability in the operation of an organic dye laser, and key words: Laser transitions, Pump lasers, Laser theory, Laser modes, Laser excitation, Stimulated emission, Power lasers, Absorption, Displays, Laser mode locking. Abstract: The threshold behavior of both longitudinally and transversely pumped organic dye lasers has been analyzed theoretically in terms of a rate-equation approach. In both cases, softmode or hard-mode, onset of laser operation can occur, provided typical laser parameters (cavity length and cross sections for stimulated emission and reabsorption) exceed theoretically predicted critical values. Hardmode behavior, corresponding to a first-order phase transition in Landau's theory, includes ranges of bistability of the laser pump power, whose magnitude can be estimated from the set of laser parameters. |
15,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Possibilities of Field Formation by Permanent Magnets in Magnetic Stereotactic Systems, and key words: Permanent magnets, Software, Magnetic fields, Electromagnetics. Abstract: In this paper, the possibility of forming a magnetic field from permanent magnets in a magnetic stereotaxic system is introduced. The strength and direction of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnets are calculated by the simulation software, and the non-contact movement of the permanent magnets is studied by the micro controller. |
15,021 | Please write an abstract with title: History effect of ferrite cores as analog storage elements, and key words: History, Ferrites, Magnetic cores, Voltage, Writing, Magnetic switching, Switches, Temperature dependence, Pulse measurements, Particle measurements. Abstract: Studies on 2-and 3-mm ferrite cores for use as storage elements in an analog core memory are presented. The information is stored as the flux level of the magnetic core. The partial fluxswitching is performed by voltage pulses with constant amplitude but varying length. Between writing and reading an error appears which is caused by the reversible portion of the flux and whose value depends upon the switched flux level. It is shown that there exists a relation between the magnitude of the error and the characteristic properties of the cores. The measured character of the error depends on how often a particular write-read cycle is repeated before changing the amplitude of the switched flux. A history effect was found to be the reason for this. A special method has been developed to drive the cores in a matrix array [1]. In this mode the history effect did not occur. |
15,022 | Please write an abstract with title: ANFIS Based Detecting of Signal Disturbances in Audio Frequency Track Circuits, and key words: Training, Wavelet analysis, Wavelet packets, Rail transportation, Discrete wavelet transforms, Circuit faults, Testing. Abstract: The problem considered in the work is concerned to monitoring of signal disturbances occurred in the audio frequency track circuits (AFTC). Track circuits are designed to detect the presence or absence of a train in a particular section of the rail track, and therefore, they are main and safety critical components of an automatic train control systems. Deterioration of the AFTC components appeared during their operation, as well as electromagnetic interference and adverse weather conditions can significantly change the signal current parameters, which can lead to dangerous situations for train movement. To ensure safety of railway signalling system, it is necessary to use an automatic diagnostic system that allows timely detection of appearance of significant disturbances in AFTC signal. The use for this purpose the classifiers with sharp boundaries for input diagnostic parameters and strict rules for signal classification does not allows to reveal incipient defects that arise in the ALSN system. The work investigates the effectiveness of using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and wavelet packet energy Shannon entropy (WPESE) for timely detecting of signal disturbances in audio frequency track circuits. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of AFTC signal processing using ANFIS and WPESE for detecting of railway sections with unstable or faulty track circuits operation. |
15,023 | Please write an abstract with title: A semiblind method for transmit antenna arrays in CDMA systems, and key words: Transmitting antennas, Antenna arrays, Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Array signal processing, Feedback, Delay, Fading, Frequency, Wireless communication. Abstract: Using a transmit antenna array (TAA), the downlink beamforming is able to improve the performance of wireless communication systems. We propose a semiblind downlink beamforming method based on channel reciprocity of the wireless channels for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems equipped with TAA. In the proposed semiblind method, it is shown that the feedback delay can result in performance degradation under a time-varying fading channel environment. Hence, the performance of the semiblind method is satisfactory only when the maximum Doppler frequency is low or the feedback delay is not significant. To overcome this difficulty, the channel prediction is considered. Using the channel predictor, the semiblind method can provide a reasonable performance for a moderate maximum Doppler frequency (about a few hundred hertz). For theoretical performance analysis, upper, and lower bounds of the bit error probability under a fading channel environment are derived. |
15,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Risk Evaluation of Railway Business Line Construction Plan Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Bayesian Network, and key words: Business, Rail transportation, Maintenance engineering, Bayes methods, Indexes, Safety, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: In order to improve the construction level of highspeed railway business lines, ensure the quality status of highspeed rail facilities, reduce the risk of business line construction, rational evaluating the business line construction plan risk is an urgent research. This paper combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Bayesian network(BN) and adapts AHP to determine the weight of each indicator; Based on BN theory, constructs a probabilistic model of business line construction risk evaluation and calculates the probability of different risk factors as low, medium and high risk. Finally takes the Beijing Railway Bureau's business line as an example to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, and concludes that the overall risk factor of the project is at a medium risk level, and the evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual site, therefore indicating that this evaluation method is more comprehensive exhaustive than the existing evaluation methods, it has certain practical significance for the railway site construction plan. |
15,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Sequentially Adaptive Prediction and Coding of Speech Signals, and key words: Speech coding, Encoding, Pulse modulation, Data mining, Quantization, Modulation coding, Transmitters, Decoding, Stochastic systems, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: A new method of speech digitization called residual encoding is introduced, and its application to the speech digitization problem is studied. The residual encoding system is a form of differential pulse code modulation which utilizes both an adaptive quantizer and an adaptive predictor. The residual encoder differs from previous systems in two ways. First, a sequential estimation method is used to continuously update the predictor coefficients, and second, the predictor coefficients are not transmitted, but are extracted from the estimate of the speech signal at both the transmitter and receiver. No form of pitch extraction is employed. The residual encoding system with a Kalman filter or a stochastic approximation algorithm for identifying the predictor coefficients has produced good quality speech at a data rate of 16 kbit/s. |
15,026 | Please write an abstract with title: A Convolutional Neural Network based self-learning approach for classifying neurodegenerative states from EEG signals in dementia, and key words: Electroencephalography, Dementia, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Convolution, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: In this paper, a novel deep learning based approach is proposed for the automatic classification of Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of subjects diagnosed with the dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Healthy Control (HC). Specifically, a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is designed to receive as input AD/MCI/HC EEG segments (epochs) of the same temporal width, and perform 2-way classification tasks: AD vs. HC, AD vs. MCI, MCI vs. HC. Our proposed architecture, termed EEG-CNN, is shown to exhibit remarkable abilities to self-learn relevant features directly from the EEG traces, avoiding the need for hand-crafted feature extraction engineering. Comparative experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of EEG-CNN, which is based on an analysis of the EEG time series only, reporting accuracies of 85.78 ± 2.18%, 69.03 ± 1.33%, 85.34 ± 1.86% in AD vs. HC, AD vs. MCI and MCI vs. HC classifications, respectively. |
15,027 | Please write an abstract with title: An anomaly detection method to improve the intelligent level of smart articles based on multiple group correlation probability models, and key words: Correlation, Data models, Probability distribution, Sensors, Internet of Things, Anomaly detection, Monitoring. Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detect abnormal data of complex and sophisticated industrial equipment with sensors quickly and accurately. Due to the rapid development of the Internet of Things, more and more equipment is equipped with sensors, especially more complex and sophisticated industrial equipment is installed with a large number of sensors. A large amount of monitoring data is quickly collected to monitor the operation of the equipment. How to detect abnormal data quickly and accurately has become a challenge. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors propose an approach called Multiple Group Correlation-based Anomaly Detection (MGCAD), which can detect equipment anomaly quickly and accurately. The single-point anomaly degree of equipment and the correlation of each kind of data sequence are modeled by using multi-group correlation probability model (a probability distribution model which is helpful to the anomaly detection of equipment), and the anomaly detection of equipment is realized. Findings – The simulation data set experiments based on real data show that MGCAD has better performance than existing methods in processing multiple monitoring data sequences. Originality/value – The MGCAD method can detect abnormal data quickly and accurately, promote the intelligent level of smart articles and ultimately help to project the real world into cyber space in CrowdIntell Network. |
15,028 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Combatting COVID-19: A Risk Assessment System, and key words: Diseases, COVID-19, Data models, Risk management, Urban areas, Predictive models, Indexes. Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a significant public health emergency all over the world since it was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Until today, massive disease-related data have been collected, both manually and through the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), which can be potentially used to analyze the spread of the disease. On the other hand, with the help of IoMT, the analysis results of the current status of COVID-19 can be delivered to people in real time to enable situational awareness, which may help mitigate the disease spread in communities. However, current accessible data on COVID-19 are mostly at a macrolevel, such as for each state, county, or metropolitan area. For fine-grained areas, such as for each city, community, or geographical coordinate, COVID-19 data are usually not available, which prevents us from obtaining information on the disease spread in closer neighborhoods around us. To address this problem, in this article, we propose a two-level risk assessment system. In particular, we define a “risk index.” Then, we develop a risk assessment model, called MK-DNN, by taking advantage of the multikernel density estimation (MKDE) and deep neural network (DNN). We train MK-DNN at the macrolevel (for each metro area), which subsequently enables us to obtain the risk indices at the microlevel (for each geographic coordinate). Moreover, a heuristic validation method is further designed to help validate the obtained microlevel risk indices. Simulations conducted on real-world data demonstrate the accuracy and validity of our proposed risk assessment system. |
15,029 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromigration reliability enhancement of flip chip interconnects using Cu-doped SnPb solder, and key words: Electromigration, Flip chip, Electric resistance, Integrated circuit interconnections, Packaging, Electrical resistance measurement, Temperature, Anodes, Stress, Semiconductor device reliability. Abstract: This work investigates electromigration resistance of three solder bump compositions, i.e. Sn63Pb37, SnPbCu, and SnPbNi. FCBGA with Cu-doped SnPb interconnects are observed to have 3.5-fold improvement in characteristic life (t63) than that of FCBGA using eutectic SnPb solder. On the other hand, significant reliability degradation (55%) is obtained when employing Ni-doped SnPb solder. |
15,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous Networks Topology Optimization Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm, and key words: Topology, Network topology, Simulated annealing, Heterogeneous networks, Task analysis, Information age. Abstract: In modern warfare, system to system confrontation become the main operation patterns. Using heterogeneous networks (HN) to study the combat system of systems is of significant military value for system construction and operation guidance. For the first time, a HN optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed in this paper with the goal of maximizing system capability. The algorithm takes full consideration of multiple entities and information flows. Through topology optimization, many useful insights of heterogeneous networks are obtained. |
15,031 | Please write an abstract with title: A Conceptual Model to Address the Communication and Coordination Challenges During Requirements Change Management in Global Software Development, and key words: Software, Analytical models, Stakeholders, Social networking (online), Organizations, Context modeling. Abstract: Global Software Development (GSD) is a widely used development practice because of various advantages offered to the customers, vendors, and other stakeholders involved in a software project development. However, GSD is not a simple process as it faces multiple challenges that arise due to the mismanagement of the communication and coordination process. Meanwhile, Requirements Change Management (RCM) is a tedious and high resource-consuming process in GSD, which is further negatively affected by the poorly managed communication and coordination mechanisms. Multiple research studies have presented various theoretical and conceptual models to overcome the challenges during RCM in the GSD context. However, the current methodologies lack in handling the communication and coordination challenges during the RCM process in the GSD context. In the literature, the researchers have concluded that a conceptual model can effectively reduce the communication and coordination challenges during RCM in GSD. Inspired by this, the current work aims at proposing a conceptual model to overcome and mitigate the communication and coordination challenges, while ensuring the effective requirement changes at offshore software development sites. Moreover, it would help multiple stakeholders in understanding and managing the necessary resources before initiating the RCM process. To validate the proposed conceptual model, we have conducted a questionnaire-based survey to procure the results from the industrial experts working in the GSD domain. After analyzing the obtained results, we found that the proposed conceptual model is effective to handle the communication and coordination challenges up to 87%. In addition, almost 87% of the experts have agreed upon the correctness, identified challenges, and the mitigation practices in the proposed conceptual model necessary to improve the RCM process in the GSD context. Furthermore, it was observed that 75% of the experts also agreed upon the practical implementation of the proposed conceptual model in the software development industry to observe the heuristic performance of the proposed conceptual model. |
15,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Profitability of Photovoltaic Plants By Utilizing Cryptocurrency-Based Mining Load, and key words: Batteries, Bitcoin, Blockchain, Investment, Profitability, Superconducting magnetic energy storage, Photovoltaic systems. Abstract: The grid connected photovoltaic (PV) power plants (PVPPs) are booming nowadays. The main problem facing the PV power plants deployment is the intermittency which leads to instability of the grid. In order to stabilize the grid, either energy storage device - mainly batteries - or a power curtailment technique can be used. The additional cost on utilizing batteries make it not preferred solution, because it leads to a drop in the return on investment (ROI) of the project. A good alternative, is using a customized load (such as; cryptocurrency-based loads) which consumes the surplus energy. This paper investigating the usage of a customized load - cryptocurrency mining rig - to create an added value for the owner of the plant and increase the ROI of the project. These devices are widely used to perform the required calculations for validating the transactions on the network of the Blockchain. A comparison between the ROI of the mining rig and the battery have been conducted in this study. Based on this study the mining rig has superior ROI of 7.7% - in the case with the lowest ROI - compared to 4.5% for battery. Moreover, an improved controlling strategy is developed to combine both the battery and mining rig in the same system. The developed strategy is able to keep the profitability as high as possible during the fluctuation of the mining network. |
15,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact Sub-6-GHz MIMO Slot Antenna System, and key words: Antenna measurements, Technological innovation, Slot antennas, Microstrip resonators, 5G mobile communication, Microstrip antennas, MIMO communication. Abstract: A sub-6-GHz multi-input multi-output (MIMO) slot antenna system was proposed in this study, where each antenna element was constructed using a slot structure. To effectively use the available space in a tablet and maximize the screen, we have deployed the MIMO antenna system on the left side-edge frame of the tablet. The MIMO antenna system consists of two identical dual-slot-antenna units that are separated by 10 mm. The two closely spaced slot antennas in the same dual-slot-antenna unit are arranged asymmetrically mirrored of each other with respect to the system ground plane. The isolation between its two slot antennas can be enhanced by 5 dB to meet the design requirement by using an ungrounded full-wavelength microstrip resonator. |
15,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation and Evaluation of Ate Pairings on Elliptic Curves with Embedding Degree 10 Applied Type-II All-One Polynomial Extension Field of Degree 5, and key words: Elliptic curves, Poles and towers, Encryption, Computational complexity, Additives. Abstract: Pairing-based cryptography has received much attention as an encryption method for realizing advanced cryptography such as ID-based encryption and searchable encryption. In a pairing-friendly elliptic curve of embedding degree 10, calculation cost of multiplication and squaring on extension fields of degree 5 are related to efficiency of pairing. Therefore, it is necessary to select an efficient multiplication and squaring algorithms on the extension field of degree 5. To apply these algorithms, the authors implement a pairing on an elliptic curve of embedding degree 10 with type-II all-one polynomial extension field (AOPF) of degree of 5 and optimal extension field (OEF) of degree of 5. As a result, the computational complexity of pairing with the expanded AOPF of degree 5 are almost 7.4% efficient than that of the expanded OEF of degree 5. |
15,035 | Please write an abstract with title: The Role of Intelligent Metasurfaces in Smart Electromagnetic Environments, and key words: Wireless communication, Electric potential, Costs, Signal processing algorithms, Digital signal processing, Metasurfaces, Physical layer. Abstract: We review our recent efforts in the design of intelligent metasurfaces to be implemented in smart electromagnetic environments for future wireless systems. In particular, by increasing the complexity of the metasurfaces, from passive structures, to electronically loaded, up to time modulated ones, we show that the new generation of intelligent metasurfaces (Metasurfaces 3.0) allows: a. implementing at the analog-electromagnetic level a number of functionalities and signal manipulations that are typically performed by digital signal processing in the baseband, reducing, thus, complexity, cost, and latency of the systems; b. conceiving a new generation of intelligent antennas (Smart Antennas 2.0) whose intelligence is not brought by the signal processing but rather by the physical layer. Some examples of the mentioned functionalities are presented and critically discussed as elementary bricks of the smart electromagnetic environments to come. |
15,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Building Highly Detailed Synthetic Electric Grid Data Sets for Combined Transmission and Distribution Systems, and key words: Buildings, Substations, Planning, Medium voltage, Load modeling, Open Access, Data models. Abstract: This paper introduces a methodology for building synthetic electric grid data sets that represent fictitious, yet realistic, combined transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. Such data sets have important applications, such as in the study of the wide-area interactions of distributed energy resources, in the validation of advanced control schemes, and in network resilience to severe events. The data sets created here are geographically located on an actual North American footprint, with the end-user load information estimated from land parcel data. The grid created to serve these fictional but realistic loads is built starting with low-voltage and medium-voltage distribution systems in full detail, connected to distribution and transmission substations. Bulk generation is added, and a high-voltage transmission grid is created. This paper explains the overall process and challenges addressed in making the combined case. An example test case, syn-austin-TDgrid-v03, is shown for a 307236-customer case located in central Texas, with 140 substations, 448 feeders, and electric line data at voltages ranging from 120 V to 230 kV. Such new combined test cases help to promote high quality in the research on large-scale systems, particularly since much actual power system data are subject to data confidentiality. The highly detailed, combined T&D data set can also facilitate the modeling and analysis of coupled infrastructures. |
15,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Evidential Reasoning With Hesitant Fuzzy Belief Structures for Human Activity Recognition, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Evidence theory, Decision making, Activity recognition, Uncertainty. Abstract: In the original belief function (BF) theory, a precise-valued belief structure has been widely used to represent uncertain information. However, this mentioned belief structure is difficult to effectively measure the specific hesitant situation, especially when decision makers have a set of possible values for the belief assignments of focal elements. In order to model the hesitant nature of the behavior of people to make a decision under uncertainty, we propose a hesitant fuzzy belief structure (HFBS) that is based on the BF theory and the recent hesitant fuzzy set theory. We also present the novel rule of combination of HFBS that is used and evaluated in a wearable human activity recognition (HAR) system coupled with an extreme learning machine. The evaluation of this new HFBS approach is done from two benchmark datasets. We clearly show its effectiveness and its superiority compared to various methods used classically for the wearable HAR. |
15,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Velocity Random Walk Modelling of a Silicon MEMS Resonant Accelerometer based on Non-AGC Control Loop, and key words: Accelerometers, Voltage measurement, Power measurement, Resonant frequency, RLC circuits, Silicon, Frequency measurement. Abstract: Automatic gain control (AGC) is widely used in the closed-loop drive circuit of silicon resonant accelerometer, but the non-AGC scheme is rarely reported. In this paper, a simplified velocity random walk model of a non-AGC scheme which uses comparator instead of AGC module is established. Firstly, for linear devices, we construct the phase noise model of the according to the Leeson model. Then, we get the transmission characteristics of the comparator noise by measurement. Finally, we predict that the white frequency noise (2.706 μg/√Hz) at output is introduced by the amplifier (1.754 μg/√Hz) and the comparator (2.060μg/-VHz). The predict value is in good agreement with the measurement result of 2.818 μg/√Hz. This model provides guidance for further optimization of resonant accelerometer performance. |
15,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of experimental systems and devices for the release method verification for on-orbit services, and key words: Force, Satellites, Angular velocity, Torque, End effectors, Orbits, Aerodynamics. Abstract: This study proposes experimental systems and devices to verify the release method when end effector releases the target, considering on-orbit services. Data acquisition to verify the release method are discussed, and devices to obtain these data are proposed. Simplified experiment shows that the proposed systems and developed devices can simulate the release dynamics, and obtain the data needed to verify the release method for on-orbit services. |
15,040 | Please write an abstract with title: The use of fuzzy sets theory for modelling complex processes, and key words: Fuzzy sets, Mathematical model, Springs, Fuzzy set theory, Computational modeling, Delays, Shape. Abstract: A theory is developed in which the coefficients of a differential equation that represents a physical process are expressed as fuzzy sets, rather than as exact numerical values. Given an input, which may or may not be fuzzy, the differential equation can then be solved to yield an output fuzzy set. In order to achieve this, the mathematical operations on fuzzy sets are redefined because many of the required properties do not hold when using existing theories. |
15,041 | Please write an abstract with title: A Real-Time Underwater Acoustic Telemetry Receiver With Edge Computing for Studying Fish Behavior and Environmental Sensing, and key words: Receivers, Telemetry, Underwater acoustics, Real-time systems, Edge computing, Cloud computing, Sensors. Abstract: Underwater acoustic telemetry has emerged as a powerful tool for practical applications, including resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and aquatic animal tracking. However, current acoustic telemetry systems lack the capability to transmit the collected data continuously in real time, primarily because the acoustic networking bandwidth is limited. Retrieval of the recorded measurements from the deployed receivers usually must be manual, leading to long delays in data retrieval and processing, high operational costs associated with the required manpower, and safety risks for the operators. In addition, there is no efficient way to continuously assess the status of the acoustic telemetry system, including the acoustic transmitters and receivers. Here, we describe the design, implementation, and field validation of a cloud-based, real-time, underwater acoustic telemetry system with edge computing for estimating fish behavior and monitoring environmental parameters. The system incorporates microcontrollers for edge computing and connects to a cloud-based service that further post-processes the transmitted data stream to derive behavior and survival information of tagged animals. The developed system has been demonstrated to have significantly improved performance over the benchmark system because of the integration of edge computing, with a greatly reduced energy consumption of 0.014 W resulting in the energy used by the acoustic modem being reduced by over 300 times. This work opens up new design opportunities for future real-time and multifunctional underwater acoustic systems. |
15,042 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey on SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) using Machine Learning Techniques, and key words: COVID-19, Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Pulmonary diseases, Machine learning, Tools, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, widely known as (COVID-19), is a deadly contagious disease globally. The new suspicious virus is spreading quickly. Several studies have found that SARS and COVID-19 have comparable patterns of an inflammatory outbreak. The Coronavirus causes a severe respiratory disease that affects lung functions, and the transmission can occur through direct, close, or indirect contact from infected secretions or droplets. The typical symptom includes fever, persistent cough, cold, shortness of breath, pneumonia, decreased sense of smell, insomnia, brain fog, and many organ dysfunctions. Antibody tests and RT-PCR tests are used to diagnose fatal diseases. This literature review examines the occurrence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection along with radiological images, machine learning classifiers, feature extraction methods and disease prediction algorithms, and pattern recognition. This overview also summarizes the ML and DL algorithms and tools used for analysis. |
15,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-low Threshold Quantum Cascade Laser, and key words: Optical losses, Reflectivity, Q-factor, Optical diffraction, Semiconductor lasers, Propagation losses, Numerical simulation. Abstract: Semiconductor lasers with ultra-low thresholds and minimal footprints are a topic of active research. Such devices require a combination of high quality factor laser cavities with small active region volumes. For high-reflectivity coated ridge lasers, a low threshold can only be achieved by strongly reducing the diffraction losses arising at the laser facet. We show here that, somewhat counter-intuitively, opening a carefully designed aperture in a metallic facet coating can simultaneously enhance both its transmission and modal reflectivity by correcting the phase front at the subwavelength scale. Numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate a reduction of optical mirror loss by up to 40% while the transmission is increased by four orders of magnitude. Applying this approach to both facets of a short cavity quantum cascade laser, we achieve laser operation at room temperature with an electrical dissipation of only 143 mW. |
15,044 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetization of the Magnetic Circuit of an Induction Motor with Massive End Ferromagnetic Screens, and key words: Resistance, Time-frequency analysis, Induction motors, Magnetization, Rotors, Mathematical models, Transient analysis. Abstract: The article is devoted to the calculation of energy characteristics of starting modes (transient time and energy consumption) of electric drives with induction motors with massive end ferromagnetic screens of elements of the rotor circuit outside the working air gap taking into account the saturation of the magnetic circuit. A feature of such electric machines is the variation of the rotor circuit parameters depending on the value of slip. This calculation is done using an iterative procedure, thus the additional variable parameter of the equivalent circuit significantly complicates the calculation. The obtained results were compared with the calculations at a constant value of the inductive magnetization resistance. It was determined that neglecting the nonlinearity of the magnetization curve increases the calculating error of energy characteristics by an average of 7-8%, but simplifies the iterative procedure for determining the frequency-dependent parameters of the rotor circuit and increases the accuracy of their calculation |
15,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental modified reflectivity of backscatter from the sea surface, at very low grazing angles, compared to a ducted sea clutter model used in navy radar simulations, and key words: Reflectivity, Backscatter, Sea surface, Radar clutter, Sea measurements, Electromagnetic propagation, Radar measurements, Microwave propagation, Electromagnetic scattering, Meteorology. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a comparison between a high fidelity clutter reflectivity model that includes the effects of anomalous surface propagation and surface clutter reflectivity measured using the U.S. Navy AN/SPY-1A radar system. |
15,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Reinforcement Learning Control of White-Light Continuum Generation, and key words: Neural networks, Europe, Reinforcement learning, Markov processes, Approximation algorithms, Optimization. Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (deep RL) is a branch of Machine Learning dealing with the solution of optimization problems, usually formalized as Markov Decision Processes [1] . At discrete temporal steps, an agent takes an action on the system receiving back a reward that depends on the state reached by the system. The goal of the agent is to determine an optimal policy, i.e. a map between states and actions, to maximise the future rewards, by directly experiencing and sampling the environment without any a-priori knowledge of the system. Among the various optimization algorithms, deep RL is particularly versatile thanks to the underlying neural networks [2] , a powerful universal approximator. |
15,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance requirements for the military small mobile electric power generation, and key words: Power generation, Mobile communication, Power system reliability, Information technology, Military equipment, Availability, Modems, Power engineering and energy, Electronic equipment manufacture, Protection. Abstract: Results of a study of a small mobile electric power generation requirements of the US Army for the next two decades, identifies the technical and operational challenges from the war fighting doctrine. Considering the effect of a quantum leap in information technology, it provides examples of the changing nature of the tactical electrical load. It identifies both the need and capability of interconnection for the reliability at this level. Analysis of the doctrine and technology leads to several broad requirements for tactical electric power in the military. Indicators are defined to help identify the most promising designs. Performance drivers help prioritize these indicators. |
15,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of static infrared images using pre-trained CNN for breast cancer detection, and key words: Sensitivity, Protocols, Databases, Transfer learning, Breast cancer, Optimization, Medical diagnostic imaging. Abstract: Breast cancer is a disease that affects many women throughout the world. It is the second most common type of cancer. The early diagnosis of the disease is relevant for increasing the chances of the patient recovering. Thermography is a promising technique that might be used to help the early diagnosis of breast cancer. In this work, we use three state of the art CNNs (VGG-16, Densenet201, and Resnet50) combined with transfer learning to classify static thermography images (sick and healthy). In our experiments, the best results have an F1-score of 0.92, 91.67% for accuracy, 100% for sensitivity, and 83.3% for specificity obtained with the Densenet using 38 static images for each class. |
15,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Batch deterministic and stochastic Petri nets. A tool for modeling and performance evaluation of supply chain, and key words: Stochastic processes, Petri nets, Supply chains, Inhibitors, Power system modeling, Discrete event systems, Laboratories, Virtual manufacturing, Costs, Transportation. Abstract: Batch deterministic and stochastic Petri nets are developed as a new tool for modeling and performance evaluation of supply chain. It is derived by enhancing deterministic and stochastic Petri nets. with batch places and batch tokens. Batch tokens, which have sizes and reside in batch places, are used to describe the information flow of a supply chain, while discrete tokens residing in discrete places are used to describe the material flow and the financial flow. By incorporating stochastic Petri nets with the batch features, inhibitor arcs, and marking-dependent weights, operational policies of a supply chain can be easily described in the model. A real-life supply chain is modeled by applying this tool and its performance is evaluated and optimized by simulation. |
15,050 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective resonance representation of propagators in complex ducts-a multiresolution and homogenization approach, and key words: Resonance, Ducts, Electromagnetic propagation, Nonhomogeneous media, Electromagnetic transients, Smoothing methods, Time domain analysis, Reflection, Computational electromagnetics, Periodic structures. Abstract: We use the multiresolution homogenization theory to study the effective resonances representation of transient electromagnetic propagation in complex random multilayer ducts. The theory permits explicit choice of the smoothing (homogenization) scale, and can be applied to a wide range of micro-scale properties. The analytical study is based on a Wroskian equivalence result, which establishes the relation between the "true" Wronskian W and that of the homogenized problem W/sup (eff)/. Since the roots of W in the complex /spl omega/ plane constitute the duct resonance, the Wronskian equivalence theorem is used as a basic apparatus for the effective resonance study. With this, the time-domain spectral properties of the multiresolution homogenization formulation are studied analytically and demonstrated numerically. Effective representations of reflection from complex random multilayer ducts are considered. |
15,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Community Detection on Overlapping Stochastic Block Model, and key words: Wireless communication, Analytical models, Simulation, Stochastic processes, Signal processing algorithms, Distributed algorithms, Detection algorithms. Abstract: Community detection, referred as the clustering procedure for similar nodes in the network, is an important research topic in the area of big data network. Distributed community detection algorithm, with its simplicity and high-efficiency, has drawn extensive attention recently. The existing distributed algorithm can only be applied on networks with non-overlapping communities, however, overlapping communities widely exist in real networks, which cannot be detected by the distributed algorithm. We carefully study the overlapping community structure and introduce the overlapping stochastic block model, in which each node may belong to multiple communities. Based on the existing distributed algorithm, we further propose an improved algorithm with an extra stage to discover nodes belonging to the overlapping community, which can be applied on the overlapping stochastic block model. Through theoretical analysis, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves effective detection results on both overlapping and non-overlapping communities. We also conduct various simulations on the overlapping stochastic block model, showing that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing distributed algorithm and maintains effectiveness in a wide range of system parameters. |
15,052 | Please write an abstract with title: Degree Centrality-based Caching Discovery Protocol for Vehicular Named-Data Networks, and key words: Protocols, Receivers, Storms, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Task analysis, Delays, Relays. Abstract: Efficient content distribution over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a challenging task due to highly topology changes caused by vehicle mobility. In this context, Vehicle Named-Data Networks (VNDN) architecture improves the performance and reliability in delivering content by providing content-centric network communication and caching capabilities. However, the success of VNDN architecture depends on mitigating the broadcast storm problem during the cache discovery process, where the network performance impairment occurs due to the waste of resources generated. In this paper, we propose a receiver-based cache discovery protocol based on degree-centrality for VNDN, called CLYMENE. The protocol paves the way for efficient content distribution by minimizing the broadcast storm problem. Simulation results show that CLYMENE enhances the cache discovery by 80.59% while allowing a content delivery rate of 39.49% and reducing the number of transmissions in the cache discovery process at 70.65% compared to existing protocols. |
15,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Designable, temperature-dependent thermal emission using vanadium-dioxide microstructures, and key words: Gold, Conferences, Vanadium, Metasurfaces, Microstructure, Photonics. Abstract: We propose gold - vanadium dioxide microstructured emitters to achieve structurally tunable difference in thermal radiated power between low and high temperature states. We use our emitters to design metasurfaces for which the spatial emission pattern can be inverted by changing the temperature. |
15,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive Caching at the Edges for Mobile Social Community Networks: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach, and key words: Reinforcement learning, Vehicle dynamics, Adaptation models, Quality of experience, Content distribution networks, Surges, Next generation networking. Abstract: Content caching in the current commercial content delivery networks (CDNs) allows reduction of duplicate traffic and improvement of QoS and QoE but it still suffers from surges of content traffic, network congestion, high mobility of users and dynamic users' content request patterns which may result in high content access latency. With the increasing interest of large companies in providing next-generation mobile edge applications and services that the users can use despite potentially sparse, non-uniform connectivity, it is becoming increasingly important to provide efficient, smart content caching services at the edges to help with scalable storage and processing of local data as well as sharing data both at the edges and in the cloud. We propose a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach, CognitiveCache, in which edges adaptively learn their best caching policies while collaborating with other neighbouring edges to better understand if they can be usable for cache content placement optimisation problem in dynamic environments. We show that CognitiveCache can respond and adapt to the spatial-temporal locality of dynamically changing content workloads and resources, improve the reliability and scalability of content sharing, enhance QoE for users and decrease operational costs in mobile social community networks. We perform extensive multi-criteria evaluation of our proposal against four benchmark and competitive protocols over two different real-world scenarios in New York and London in the face of different mobility and users' interest patterns to show that CognitiveCache achieves higher cache hit ratios, lower delays while reducing resource consumption. |
15,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of survivable WDM networks with shared-P-cycles, and key words: WDM networks, Protection, Optical design, Optical devices, Optical fiber networks, Design methodology, Costs, Optical fibers, Optical network units, Optical wavelength conversion. Abstract: We propose a new approach, namely shared preconfigured protection cycles (shared-p-cycles), for design of survivable WDM networks. Numerical results show that the shared-p-cycles design is much more efficient than the conventional p-cycles design. |
15,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Microscopic Analysis of Flux Structure in a Dirty Superconductor, and key words: Impurities, Type II superconductors, Mathematical models, Microscopy, Magnetic force microscopy, Magnetic cores, Magnetic fields. Abstract: Using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations with an impurity potential and the finite element method, we obtain vortex structures in a square dirty superconducting plate under an external magnetic field. Size of vortex core structure depends on the size of the impurity potential. In order to clarify origins of the relations of vortex core and impurity sizes, we examine quasi-particle structures, especially bound states around the vortex core. Then we show how microscopic structure affects the vortex structure that is pinned at the impurity. |
15,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Interpolation filter for error diffused bilevel images, and key words: Interpolation, Filters. Abstract: Summary form only given. This paper presents an interpolation method for error diffused bilevel images without inverse half toning and re-half toning. The interpolation method of our approach is realized in the form of a cascade connection of an upsampler and a linear interpolation post filter. We discuss the frequency domain characteristic of upsampled error diffused images and impose five conditions to the interpolation post filter that can produce enlarged bilevel images. We show that there exists a linear post filter that satisfies the five conditions and it can yield higher resolution pseudo-continuous tone images from error diffused bilevel images. We also proposed an adaptive edge sharpening for the proposed interpolation method and show the interpolation results of the error diffused images that are obtained with Floyd-Steinberg and Jarvis kernel. |
15,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent teaching assistant systems, and key words: Intelligent systems, Education, Feedback, Monitoring, Information technology, Authoring systems, Automation, Collaborative work. Abstract: Traditionally, intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are dedicated to learners. They help them learn at their own pace, following a curriculum tailored to their individual needs and receiving individualised feedback. Intelligent teaching assistant systems (ITAs) are dedicated both to learners and teachers. Their aim is to facilitate the whole teaching/learning process by helping the teacher as well as the student. There has been an increasing interest to integrate the teacher as an end-user of the ITS. This paper presents the characteristics and discusses the architecture of ITAs. We illustrate the concept of ITA with two systems that we designed. |
15,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols for WSN: Performance Analysis of FL-EE-NC with LEACH, K Means-LEACH, LEACH-FL and FL-EE/D using NS-2, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Surveillance, Throughput, Routing, Energy efficiency, Routing protocols. Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks playing an important role in applications where human interaction is difficult. WSN is extensively used in real-time applications like surveillance systems, environmental monitoring systems, disaster management and health monitoring, etc. Since sensor nodes are deployed in isolated areas, recharging or replacing node batteries is difficult. So for the better performance of the network, it's important to improve network lifetime by increasing sensor nodes' energy efficiency. Data aggregation methods and energy-efficient routing algorithms have an important role in WSN to tackle the problem with network lifetime. Hierarchical energy-efficient routing protocols are trending in the WSN research field, which helps to improve overall network lifetime by increasing the lifetime of sensor nodes by minimizing the energy consumption of each node in the network. In this paper, compared and investigated the performance of the Fuzzy Logic-Network Coding-Energy Efficient (FL-NC-EE) routing protocol with the other energy-efficient clustering protocols like LEACH, LEACH-FL, K Means-LEACH and FL-EE/D using NS2. The result shows that the FL-NC-EE protocol outperforms in terms of energy efficiency and network lifetime compared to the other protocols discussed in this paper. |
15,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Packet loss concealment based on sinusoidal modeling, and key words: Programmable control, Interpolation, Delay, Speech analysis, Extrapolation, Jitter, Automatic repeat request, Information theory, Testing, Speech coding. Abstract: We propose a low-delay packet loss concealment scheme for packetized voice communication. The scheme operates on the source-filter components of the speech signal and is to be implemented in receivers of a potential system. A sinusoidal model of successfully received speech is utilized to recover lost frames using both extrapolation and interpolation techniques. Informal subjective testing shows promising results; recovered packet losses are often inaudible to a listener. |
15,061 | Please write an abstract with title: Encrypting Your Data at Rest, and key words: Encryption, Cryptography, Public key, Software, Computers, Portable computers, Internet. Abstract: The best way to definitively protect data from unauthorized access is by obscuring it using encryption—rendering it unreadable without access to decryption keys. This chapter focuses on applying the principles of encryption to the task of securing data at rest. It also explores hashing, an alternative to encryption, and takes a quick look at the encryption‐heavy topic of blockchains. The chapter further introduces readers to some widely used and effective encryption technologies to point them toward practical next steps. VeraCrypt can encrypt entire drives or individual file systems—including by creating a virtual container within a file system that protects a subset of directories and files. Encryption for Linux‐based drives, individual partitions, or mobile devices can be managed using eCryptfs or cryptsetup. Cloud‐based data stores can be encrypted using a cloud provider's system or the open source package Cryptomator. |
15,062 | Please write an abstract with title: A Conceptual Framework: Point-of-Sales (POS) System Integrated with Business Intelligence (BI) Capability Focused on SME in Indonesia, and key words: Workability, Decision making, Systems architecture, Prototypes, System software, Business intelligence, System implementation. Abstract: This paper intends to conduct a study review and propose a conceptual framework to be used in the implementation of POS system targeted for Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. The study covers THREE domain areas which includes review on similar systems, software & tools utilizations together with system architecture and design. The utilization of appropriate POS system with Business Intelligence capability will enable better decision making through insight analysis. Thus, this paper develops a conceptual framework in which leads towards the implementation of the POS System with Business Intelligence capability and uses an existing SME in Indonesia as the subject of the study |
15,063 | Please write an abstract with title: A Contract Theory Approach to Dynamic Incentive Mechanism and Control Synthesis for Moral Hazard in Power Grids, and key words: Power system dynamics, Ethics, Hazards, Power grids, ISO, Contracts, Biological system modeling. Abstract: This article proposes a synthesis of a novel dynamic incentive mechanism and optimal control for moral hazard in power grids with real-time power balancing markets. For the liberalization of the balancing markets, it is an indispensable requirement to integrate dynamic subsystems controlled by individual agents into a stabilized power grid via an incentive mechanism. Meanwhile, without the proper use of the agents’ private information, high-speed market-clearing achieving an appropriate social objective cannot be ensured. Consequently, a market mechanism is needed that contains some dynamic incentive mechanisms for eliciting their private information and proper controls under moral hazard, which is called incentivizing market in this article. Drawing on dynamic contract theory in microeconomics, a novel method for designing the incentivizing market is proposed on the basis of the integration of economic models and a dynamic grid model. Conventional contract problems have been analyzed for both static and dynamic systems whose control inputs are operated directly by an independent system operator. However, these analyses do not accord with the design for the dynamic incentive mechanism in the incentivizing market. The approach in this article requires adapting the dynamic contract problems to the market. To achieve this objective, the fundamental formulas for optimal design are established and the basic properties of the designed market based on a model-based approach are clarified. We next propose optimal pricing and control synthesis for social-objective designs. The performance of our proposed method is illustrated through simulations with an Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) East 30-machine system. |
15,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Hyperparameter Tuning of a Deep Learning Model for Remote Sensing Image Classification, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Solid modeling, Runtime, Computational modeling, Sensors, Tuning. Abstract: Deep Learning models have proven necessary in dealing with the challenges posed by the continuous growth of data volume acquired from satellites and the increasing complexity of new Remote Sensing applications. To obtain the best performance from such models, it is necessary to fine-tune their hyperparameters. Since the models might have massive amounts of parameters that need to be tuned, this process requires many computational resources. In this work, a method to accelerate hyperparameter optimization on a High-Performance Computing system is proposed. The data batch size is increased during the training, leading to a more efficient execution on Graphics Processing Units. The experimental results confirm that this method reduces the runtime of the hyperparameter optimization step by a factor of 3 while achieving the same validation accuracy as a standard training procedure with a fixed batch size. |
15,065 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive Insight on Machine Learning Enabled Internet of Things Recommender Systems (IoTRS), and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Filtering, Wearable computers, Machine learning, Internet of Things, Reliability, Smart devices. Abstract: With the advancement in technologies, the opportunities for new integrated solutions are also unlocked. Internet of Things by connecting cyber and physical world introduce enormous paradigm change in computing and information technologies. Recommender system helps in filtering the data by taking care of inclinations of users to prevail the issues related to overdosing of IoT generated data. Machine learning techniques can be applied for producing intelligent recommendation by exploiting IoT-based dynamic, scalable and heterogeneous data. This paper reviews the machine learning techniques applied for generating personalized recommendation in IoT-based services and give the brief introduction of IoT recommender systems and machine learning techniques. Personalization and recommendations services in different application domains are enhanced by the incorporation of machine learning algorithms. In IoT recommendations machine learning also leaving their remarkable presence with integrating automaticity and dynamicity. |
15,066 | Please write an abstract with title: Several Effective Methods on Reducing Cross-Polarization of a Patch Antenna, and key words: Patch antennas, Meetings, Metals, Pins, Feeds, Electric fields, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Several methods are proposed to reduce the cross-polarization of a patch antenna by adding different additional structures. The first is to add an independent shorting pin on the line where the feed point is located. The other is to add a metal block of a specific height at a certain distance from the radiating edge with a stronger electric field of the patch; Finally, the two methods are combined to obtain even higher polarization purity. The above methods all aim to alleviate the asymmetry of the reversed magnetic currents of the fringing field when patch operates at the fundamental mode. The combined structure shows the suppression of the cross-polarization reaches to the level of −35.5 dB which is 26.6 dB lower than that of the traditional patch antenna. The simulated results verify the effectiveness of these methods. |
15,067 | Please write an abstract with title: LLC Resonant Converter Based on Trench Gate SiC MOSFET, and key words: MOSFET, Power system measurements, Silicon carbide, Soft switching, Asia, Resonant frequency, Resonant converters. Abstract: LLC resonant converter is a popular topology for DC-DC converters because of its soft switching characteristics. It has many strong points for example high efficiency, high power density, and lower noise. The traditional Si MOSFET LLC resonant converter cannot continue to improve due to the limitations of the Si characteristics in terms of frequency and efficiency. This article explores the advantages of SiC MOSFET in LLC resonant converter, and compares the conversion efficiency for trench-gate SiC MOSFET, planar-gate SiC MOSFET and Si MOSFET. |
15,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards the design of programmable self-assembled DNA-carbon nanotubes: an approach to nanobiotronics, and key words: Self-assembly, Nanotubes, Molecular electronics, DNA computing, Nanobioscience, Protein engineering, Lipidomics, Transducers, Biosensors, Chemistry. Abstract: Recently, bioelectronics has become a unique fusion of ideas leading to the development of new bio-devices, which electrically interface biological compounds such as proteins, lipids, and DNAs with electronic transducers. The major developments in this research field are biosensors and biomaterials. In addition, recent trends in interdisciplinary studies in chemistry, biology and electronics have led to a new field of research: biomolecular electronics. This promising scientific field is part of a more general approach, molecular electronics, which aims to the development of new electronic technologies, and will overcome the problem of downscaling silicon CMOS electronics faces, having the long-term goal of building a molecular computer with highly reduced feature sizes, higher performance and increased information processing capabilities. In this preliminary work, we propose a new approach for the realization of a programmable bio-molecular units that will take advantage of the self-assembly and selectivity properties of DNA molecules and the versatility of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to build scalable computing systems that will prove the feasibility of the biomolecular computer. |
15,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Geometry-Informed Transmission Strength Scaling in Barrage Relay Networks, and key words: Geometry, Time division multiple access, Unicast, Wireless networks, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Relay networks (telecommunication), Reliability engineering. Abstract: Barrage relay networks (BRNs) are a type of ad hoc wireless network with current and proposed uses in military, disaster response, industrial and vehicle-to-vehicle applications. BRNs are designed specifically to operate robustly without any information about the relative positions of other nodes on the network. The nodes in a specific connection within a BRN are determined by the formation of a controlled barrage region (CBR). There is a trade-off between reliability and node utilization or the number of nodes that are reserved for a single unicast link. In a previous paper, we investigated the suitability of BRNs for higher-density networks, which are anticipated with the explosion of network-connected devices. We showed that node utilization increases superlinearly with both node density and the distance between source and destination, calling into question the suitability of BRNs for use in high-density networks. In this paper we use a connected graph model to show that CBR formation algorithm generates a specific geometry in the limit of infinite node density. Applying this geometry to a more physically realistic random channel model (RCM) with finite node density, we propose tuning the model by scaling the transmission power of receivers. The transmit power is based on received signal strength during the sending of request to send (RTS) and clear to send (CTS) packets, used to determine the nodes used in the CBR. We show that in discrete event simulations this signal strength scaling can reduce the utilization while simultaneously improving the probability of CBR formation. |
15,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on China’s Primary Industry: Evidence From Regional Analysis Based on SVM and Moran’s Index, and key words: Support vector machines, Productivity, Interpolation, Correlation, Conferences, Machine learning, Forestry. Abstract: With advanced technology and efficient policy management in China’s primary industry, productivity has increased significantly. This article aims to use machine learning and Moran’s I to analyze the current situation of China’s primary industry from a regional perspective. Principal component analysis and Lagrange polynomial interpolation are used for data pre-processing. Classification result from the support vector machine reveals that there exist boundaries between each region based on the features of the primary industry. Our results show that fishery and forestry show positive spatial correlations in the Moran’s I scatter diagram, while animal husbandry and farming show negative spatial correlations, and regional agriculture development can improve China’s primary industry in the long run. |
15,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Cordic-based Softmax Acceleration Method of Convolution Neural Network on FPGA, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Acceleration, Convergence, Electrical engineering, Standardization, Agriculture, Fitting. Abstract: With the vigorous development of computing power, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is developing rapidly, and new CNN structures with more layers and better performance continue to appear. Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) has gradually become the best choice for people to deploy and accelerate CNNs as a current research hotspot. This paper has studied the hardware acceleration method of FPGA to implement and simulate the Softmax layer of Alexnet on Vivado 2018.1. Combined with the features of FPGA, the Cordic algorithm is used to implement basic operations such as division and exponential functions, instead of consuming floating-point arithmetic resources. The paper proposes a method to shrink the convergence domain and analyzes the errors generated by the different digits of data after quantization and fixed-point inputs. The relative error of the Softmax layer exponential function is controlled below 0.0146% by reducing the bit width which satisfied the design requirements and saved resources. This method can complete the calculation and classification of the Softmax layer in 66.5 cycles without processing the layer data at fixed points, which greatly improves the calculation speed of the Softmax layer. |
15,072 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Criteria Co-Design optimization of Mechatronic Systems, and key words: Mechatronics, Quantization (signal), Control design, Computational modeling, System performance, Integrated design, Belts. Abstract: Integrated design optimization of mechatronic systems necessitates a concrete definition of requirements, design parameters and variables, optimization objectives and constraints. A multidisciplinary mechatronic design requires engineers from different domains to work together on the design approach. Different engineering disciplines impose different constraints on the system. To consider the impact of these disciplines and the interactions and coupling between different parameters, there is a need for integrated design method. In this paper, an integrated design optimization approach is presented that takes into account three engineering domains, physical dimensioning, control design and embedded control implementation impact, simultaneously. The optimization problem is a multi-objective method that considers the size of system, sampling frequency and sensor resolution as main objectives. Regarding each objective, there are a few constraints to be satisfied by the final optimum system. The approach is applied to a non-linear mechatronic case including a DC-motor, a timing belt drive and a load. Non-linear dynamics of a timing belt are considered as a new physical component in the method and the system is linearized, controlled and optimized at defined operational points. Sensor resolution and location impact on the optimal system are analysed using a quantization model. It is shown that the approach allows engineering designers to integrate multidisciplinary optimization method to achieve a logical optimal system without degrading the system performance in each domain. |
15,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Burst-Tolerant <tex>$\lambda$</tex>-Switching of Electro-Optically Tunable Reflection-type Transversal Filter Laser with Single Active Region, and key words: Optical switches, Bandwidth, Lasers and electrooptics, WDM networks, Transversal filters, Laser tuning, Electrooptical waveguides. Abstract: We developed a narrow-linewidth electro-optically tunable laser that has a single active region that covers 35-nm bandwidth without slow-speed cavity gain switching. We achieved highspeed and burst-tolerant eight-channel wavelength switching that covers >30-nm bandwidth. Furthermore, practical optical switching for 100-Gbps coherent signals was successfully demonstrated. |
15,074 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework with Recurrent Communication Module for Traffic Light Control, and key words: Adaptation models, Recurrent neural networks, Smart cities, Computational modeling, Memory management, Reinforcement learning, Communication channels. Abstract: As a significant issue in the development of Smart City, traffic light control is closely related to public transport. Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a feasible paradigm to control decentralized systems. In this work, we design a recurrent communication module for traffic light control systems. Aiming at lightweight decentralized learning, we decouple the interaction among entities, using an improved recurrent neural network to share messages. Regarding traffic lights as a partially observable Markov Decision Process, we develop a complete reinforcement learning model. Every light receives messages from its neighbors through the improved recurrent neural network. For the further lights, its neighbor lights can play the role of intermediation to transmit messages. By our communication framework, traffic lights can learn their control policies in a decentralized way, and distribution control can be executed through a communication channel. Several simulated experiments show that our method outperforms the fixed time method and the existing reinforcement learning-based frameworks under different traffic demands. |
15,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Relationship between Hadamard-Haar and arithmetic transforms, and key words: Arithmetic, Discrete transforms, Matrix decomposition, Error correction, Error correction codes, Digital signal processing, Spectral analysis, Signal synthesis, Testing, Logic functions. Abstract: The mutual relationships between Hadamard-Haar and arithmetic transforms in the form of matrix decomposition as layered vertical and horizontal Kronecker matrices are introduced. The new relations apply to an arbitrary dimension of the transform matrices and allow performing direct conversions between arithmetic and Hadamard-Haar functions and their corresponding spectra. |
15,076 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation and Applications of Quantiles in Deep Binary Classification, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Uncertainty, Predictive models, Deep learning, Computational modeling, Task analysis, Robustness. Abstract: Conditional quantiles obtained via regression are used as a robust alternative to classical conditional means in econometrics and statistics, as they can capture the uncertainty in a prediction, and model tail behaviors, while making very few distributional assumptions. In this work, we extend the notion of conditional quantiles to the binary classification setting—allowing us to quantify the uncertainty in the predictions, increase resilience to label noise, and provide new insights into the functions learnt by the models. We accomplish this by defining a new loss called binary quantile regression loss. We compute the Lipschitz constant of the proposed loss and show that its curvature is bounded under some regularity conditions. These properties are later used to characterize the error rates of the learning algorithms and to accelerate the training regime with using Lipschitz adaptive learning rates. We leverage the estimated quantiles to obtain individualized confidence scores that provide an accurate measure of a prediction being misclassified. We aggregate these scores to provide two additional metrics, namely, confidence score and retention rate, which can be used to withhold decisions and increase model accuracy. We also study the robustness of the proposed nonparametric binary quantile classification framework, and finally, we demonstrate that quantiles aid in explainability as they can be used to obtain several univariate summary statistics that can be directly applied to existing explanation tools. |
15,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Prediction on Deep Generative Images, and key words: Gallium nitride, Image coding, Image quality, Generative adversarial networks, Image databases, Machine learning. Abstract: In recent years, deep neural networks have been utilized in a wide variety of applications including image generation. In particular, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to produce highly realistic pictures as part of tasks such as image compression. As with standard compression, it is desirable to be able to automatically assess the perceptual quality of generative images to monitor and control the encode process. However, existing image quality algorithms are ineffective on GAN generated content, especially on textured regions and at high compressions. Here we propose a new “naturalness”-based image quality predictor for generative images. Our new GAN picture quality predictor is built using a multi-stage parallel boosting system based on structural similarity features and measurements of statistical similarity. To enable model development and testing, we also constructed a subjective GAN image quality database containing (distorted) GAN images and collected human opinions of them. Our experimental results indicate that our proposed GAN IQA model delivers superior quality predictions on the generative image datasets, as well as on traditional image quality datasets. |
15,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Modulation Signal Bispectrum Optimization for Fault Diagnosis of Intershaft Bearings, and key words: Vibrations, Fault diagnosis, Sensitivity, Modulation, Rolling bearings, Interference, Feature extraction. Abstract: Modulation signal bispectrum (MSB) has attracted much attention due to its sensitivity to nonlinear characteristics related to rolling bearings’ faults. However, there are still two challenges in applying MSB to the diagnosis of aero-engines’ intershaft bearing: 1) the variable working conditions make the vibration signals show strong non-stationarity; 2) unlike the ordinary rolling bearings, the fault features in vibration of intershaft bearings are extremely weak and difficult to extract. Thus, an optimized MSB (OMSB) is proposed for diagnostics of intershaft bearings under variable speed conditions. This paper mainly discusses two core issues: 1) an enhanced filter is presented with the idea of whitening and deconvolution, so as to highlight weak fault features from vibration signal with strong interference; 2) an MSB algorithm in rotation speed difference (RSD) domain is established to deal with the non-stationarity caused by various operating speeds, and a lifted modulation spectrum is constructed to exhibit modulation orders in the signal, i.e., the fault feature orders can be clearly extracted. Experimental signals are analyzed by OMSB, and the results prove that the method can suppress the interference of irrelevant components and effectively extract the intershaft bearing’s weak fault features. Comparisons also show the superiority of the proposed OMSB. |
15,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-fragile H∞ Observer for a class of Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Estimation error, Observers, Linear matrix inequalities, Nonlinear systems, Lyapunov methods. Abstract: In this paper, we adopt a useful methodology (i.e., Lyapunov stability theory and LMI approach) to design a non-fragile observer for a class of nonlinear systems. The observer gain is found directly from the LMI formulation. A numerical example is given to illustrate the use of our method. |
15,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Thermal Imaging on Embedded GPU Platforms for Application in Vehicular Assistance Systems, and key words: Object detection, Cameras, Imaging, Image edge detection, Real-time systems, Feature extraction, Detectors. Abstract: This study is focused on evaluating the real-timeperformance of thermal object detection for smart and safe vehicular systems by deploying the trained networks on GPU & single-board EDGE-GPU computing platforms for onboard automotive sensor suite testing. A novel large-scale C3I Thermal Automotive dataset comprising of >35,000 distinct frames is acquired, processed, and open-sourced in challenging weather and environmental scenarios. The dataset is recorded from a lost-cost yet effective uncooled LWIR thermal camera, mounted stand-alone and on an electric vehicle to minimize mechanical vibrations. The state-of-the-art YOLO-v5 networks variants are trained using four different public datasets as well newly acquired local dataset for optimal generalization of DNN by employing SGD optimizer. The effectiveness of trained networks is validated on extensive test data using various quantitative metrics which include precision, recall curve, mean average precision, and frames per second. The smaller network variant of YOLO is further optimized using TensorRT inference accelerator to explicitly boost the frames per second rate. Optimized network engine increases the frames per second rate by 3.5 times when testing on low power edge devices thus achieving 11 fps on Nvidia Jetson Nano and 60 fps on Nvidia Xavier NX development boards. |
15,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Model for Detecting and Diagnosing Plant Disease, and key words: Image segmentation, Image color analysis, Plants (biology), Production, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Reliability. Abstract: This work deals with some plant disease detection like Potato, Pepper, and Tomato, Rice, etc. based on CNN image processing Technology. An enormous improvement has been made in the field of picture preparation and AI and its application in different parts of designing. The authors have entered the time of digitization. The authors have caught pictures with the assistance of an advanced camera. All the clearer the pictures are better and produce the outcomes. In this report, the authors have done the arrangement of sickness-free, somewhat infected, and sick leaves. The information related to plant features is especially useful for its applications in plant growth modeling, agricultural research, and on-farm production. Traditional direct measurement methods are generally simple and reliable, but they are time-consuming, laborious, and cumbersome. In contrast, the proposed vision-based methods are efficient in detecting and observing the exterior disease features. In the present investigation, CNN image processing algorithms are developed to detect disease by identifying the color feature of the defected area. Subsequently, the rotted area was segmented from an image, and the area of the rotted leaf portion was deduced from the Pepper and tomato plant feature data. The results showed a promising performance of this automatic vision-based system it is found 94% accuracy average in practice with easy validation in a large amount of data. |
15,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless over CATV: an alternative wireless topology, and key words: Topology, Space technology, Coaxial cables, Signal design, Bridges, Signal processing, Diversity methods, Frequency diversity, Polarization, Spread spectrum communication. Abstract: Aerial propagation of radio waves is the most important constraint in the design planning and implementation of wireless systems and services. The major characteristics of an aerial radio path are its length and it's LOS (line of sight) vs. NLOS (non-LOS) situation, where short length and LOS are the superior states. On the contrary the economy of public communication services dictates long NLOS topologies. The common design approach to bridge the gap and to enable proper radio reception in the poor propagation conditions is to incorporate heavy signal processing and radio technologies. A wide family of such techniques is available, the most known are: equalization, RAKE reception, diversity methods (time, frequency, space, polarization), complex multiple spread spectrum and multi-carrier access methods, spatial processing, and this is only a partial list. The new alternative presented here addresses the propagation problem by the introduction of the hybrid coax air (HCA) radio channel. The radio propagation characteristics of the new channel are excellent since its aerial portion is very short and LOS. Furthermore, the transition to the NLOS long radio path is implemented through the perfect propagation properties of the coaxial cables. The global wide spread of the existing cable networks, their density, their supreme capacity as radio carriers and their enormous unused capacity motivate the utilization of the new alternative together with the benefits to the wireless potential services. The realization of the HCA radio channel in existing CATV networks is pending to some modification at the network. The potential benefits to the wireless services are the theme of this paper. It is presented here in relation to the two leading wireless applications: cellular and Wi-Fi. Both of them, together or separately, can use the HCA channels in order to generate new services and applications. The motivation for and the technical properties of wireless over cable networks are discussed in the paper. |
15,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Vibro-vestibular Wheelchair with a Curved Pedestal Presenting a Vehicle Riding Sensation in a Virtual Environment, and key words: Vibrations, Wheelchairs, Acceleration, Automobiles, DC motors, Virtual reality, Conferences. Abstract: We developed a vehicle ride simulation system for immersive virtual reality. The system comprised a wheelchair for vibration and vestibular sensation, and a pedestal with a curved surface for the wheelchair to run on to provide a gravitational acceleration sensation. Our system was presented as a demonstration at an international conference for two examples of riding in a car and riding on a roller coaster. We provided 66 participants with a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of our system. Results showed that whole-body vibration by the actuator improved immersion in the riding experience. |
15,084 | Please write an abstract with title: ICON (innovation curriculum online network): the national digital library for technological literacy, and key words: Technological innovation, Software libraries, Educational technology, Virtual environment, Humans, Government, Availability, Acoustic materials, Robustness, Abstracts. Abstract: The International Technology Education (ITEA), in partnership with the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse (ENC) and funded by the National Science Foundation has created a comprehensive digital library collection for K-12 technological literacy in an accessible virtual environment. ICON, or the innovation curriculum online network, is a central source for information dealing with technology and innovation. ICON serves as a national electronic roadmap to connect users, such as teachers, professors, students, museum staff, and parents with information about our human built and innovated world. Users may use the digital library to access resources ranked according to technological literacy content and pedagogy, interact with quality instructional resources, and to enhance online search capabilities relevant to the needs of the user population. |
15,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiscale One-Class Classification Network for Machine Health Monitoring, and key words: Feature extraction, Vibrations, Training, Monitoring, Anomaly detection, Representation learning, Sensors. Abstract: Currently, most machine health monitoring methods require labeled abnormal or faulty samples to build a supervised classification model. However, it is difficult and expensive to collect enough faulty samples for accurate and reliable fault detection and diagnosis. To address this issue, we formulate machine health monitoring as a one-class classification problem and propose a new unsupervised health monitoring model named multiscale one-class classification network (MOCN) only relying on normal data without any label information. It consists of two sequential learning modules: a multiscale feature representation learning module to extract effective features from raw one-dimensional vibration signals and a one-classifier training module to build a hypersphere model to contain all normal samples with a minimum radius. Unlike traditional two-step one-class classification methods, both modules in our proposed MOCN are jointly optimized, and therefore it can simultaneously learn compact representations and train a deep one-class classifier. Our proposed MOCN method is evaluated through experiments on three datasets, and experimental results have proved the superiority of our proposed MOCN model compared with several existing methods. |
15,086 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Group Sparsity Based Phase Retrieval Algorithm for Non-Coherent DOA Estimation, and key words: Gradient methods, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Computer simulation, Computational modeling, Estimation, Computational complexity. Abstract: A non-coherent DOA estimation algorithm for multiple snapshots is presented. The non-coherent DOA estimation problem is firstly formulated as a non-convex joint group sparsity based phase retrieval problem, and then replaced by its convex surrogate alternative through applying the majorization-minimization technique, and finally the proximal gradient method is employed to solve the surrogate problem. The proposed algorithm is referred to as fasT grOup sparsitY Based phAse Retrieval (ToyBar). Compared to the state of the art, the proposed one achieves a better performance with a lower computational complexity, as demonstrated by computer simulations. |
15,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Holistic Descriptors of Omnidirectional Color Images and Their Performance in Estimation of Position and Orientation, and key words: Visualization, Discrete Fourier transforms, Feature extraction, Image color analysis, Color, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: The use of visual sensors in robotic navigation tasks is a common approach, and numerous examples can be found in the literature. This work focuses on the problem of map building and localization using omnidirectional images as the only source of information. The main objective of this paper is to present a thorough comparison of global-appearance description techniques including the use of color information in different approaches. Some of the descriptors have been widely tested in previous works using gray-level images. In the present work we concentrate on the role and efficiency of the color information. Other descriptors are presented for the first time. To carry out this study, a database captured in different areas of an office environment is used, including two different datasets: training and test datasets. The experimental results include computational requirements in the map building and localization processes, and the accuracy in the pose estimation of the test images in a topological map, separating both position and orientation. To complete the study, the behavior of the descriptors is tested when the images present noise or occlusions, specially the effect on the color information. |
15,088 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Data-Driven Control Method for Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Robot Joint, and key words: Robots, Wrist, Adaptation models, Control systems, Adaptive control, Mathematical model, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: For robot joints actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), the traditional control methods need to establish a complex mechanism model of the plant and need to re-model when replacing the controlled plant. A novel and improved method based on Data-Driven Control (DDC) is proposed to control the robot joint driven by SMA. The proposed method is a pure online data-driven control method since the controller is independent of the model of the controlled plant, and the idea of speed tracking is introduced into the control criterion function of the DDC prototype. The stability of the proposed method is guaranteed by rigorous theoretical analysis, and the effectiveness is evaluated on simulation examples and SMA-driven wrist control experiments. The result of experiments shows that, compared with traditional DDC, the proposed method has a lower steady-state system error and faster system response speed. |
15,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Models For Inventory of Agriculture Crops and Yield Production Using Satellite Images, and key words: Deep learning, Support vector machines, Satellites, Runtime, Crops, Production, Agriculture. Abstract: Cropland mapping and classification is one of the vital steps in agricultural for planning and management activities at large and small scales. Crop mapping plays an important role in various applications such as crop inventories, crop insurance, yield estimation and the enforcement balanced maintenance. The combination of machine learning and observations from more advanced satellite images can be used for agricultural land classifications in a more efficient manner and with lower costs and reduced time than traditional classification method. Therefore in the present work deep learning models are applied to identify the crop fields (crop mapping) and classification of crops for the yield estimation. In the paper it is also present brief introduction to deep learning approaches and research works which are applied in the agriculture domain for variety recognition, yield estimation, quality detection, crop mapping, and organized yield production. |
15,090 | Please write an abstract with title: Pilot: probabilistic lightweight group communication system for ad hoc networks, and key words: Ad hoc networks, Telecommunication network reliability, Mobile ad hoc networks, Peer to peer computing, Fires, Mobile communication, Network topology, Multicast protocols, Communication system control, Fault tolerance. Abstract: Providing reliable group communication is an ever recurring topic in distributed settings. In mobile ad hoc networks, this problem is even more significant since all nodes act as peers, while it becomes more challenging due to highly dynamic and unpredictable topology changes. In order to overcome these difficulties, we deviate from the conventional point of view, i.e., we "fight fire with fire," by exploiting the nondeterministic nature of ad hoc networks. Inspired by the principles of gossip mechanisms and probabilistic quorum systems, we present in this paper PILOT (probabilistic lightweight group communication system) for ad hoc networks, a two-layer system consisting of a set of protocols for reliable multicasting and data sharing in mobile ad hoc networks. The performance of PILOT is predictable and controllable in terms of both reliability (fault tolerance) and efficiency (overhead). We present an analysis of PILOT's performance, which is used to fine-tune protocol parameters to obtain the desired trade off between reliability and efficiency. We confirm the predictability and tunability of PILOT through simulations with ns-2. |
15,091 | Please write an abstract with title: MEMS design for fabrication, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Fabrication, Residual stresses, Gas detectors, Mechanical factors, Thermal stresses, Fatigue, Thin film sensors, Uncertainty, Costs. Abstract: Process expertise and material characterization uncertainties are identified as the major obstacles for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) commercialization. In this paper, a modeling framework to design MEMS for fabrication is presented. The main focus is to simulate the variations generated at different stages of the microfabrication process and to study its effect on the future performance of the device. The framework is applied on a micro gas sensor. Different alternatives for sensor fabrication were studied in terms of the generated uncertainties with different process parameters. An automated substructuring code has been generated to reduce the computational cost of the parametric analysis. The main affecting design parameters as well as the necessary variation limits have been identified. |
15,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of prosumer voltage sources in distribution grids, and key words: Reactive power, Heuristic algorithms, Windings, Transformers, Control systems, Propagation losses, Trajectory. Abstract: Power flow in three-phase distribution grids containing single-phase prosumer voltage sources strongly depend on the RMS value of the voltage of these sources and their phase shifts in relation to the grid voltage. The ideal way to control single-phase prosumer sources should guarantee no return active power to the MV grid through a distribution transformer and no additional reactive power flows in the LV grid. This means that the active power of one-phase voltage source is consumed by other single-phase customers (in the same phase or in others phases) and the reactive power of this source is equal zero. The paper presents the results of the investigations of the dynamic control system a single-phase voltage source which allows meeting these conditions. On the basis of steady states calculations, static characteristics of the above mentioned control, needed to determine of the proper working point of a prosumer source were also obtained. Control process is as control of the RMS value and phase angle of the voltage source against the phase voltage of the LV grid, to which the source is connected, with simultaneous control of the current phase angle issued by the power source against voltage. The obtained results of dynamic simulations and static calculations would help to develop an area-wide uniform algorithm to control prosumer sources. |
15,093 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Design of the World's Smallest Flow Sensor Package, and key words: Sensors, Sensor systems, Numerical models, Temperature sensors, Sensitivity, Packaging, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: In this letter, a miniature flow sensing system has been designed, simulated, manufactured, and tested. The system is comprised of a thermal flow sensing die, a package body, a lid, and leveling epoxy. The lid design is crucial to the system performance, and a reference design was shown to create vortices within the flow channel, resulting in nonlinear and nonrepeatable sensor response. Two novel lid designs were investigated that showed increased sensitivity and repeatability, while minimizing the effect of vortices disrupting the sensor response. These structures were named “vortex guides.” The first design provided a double increase in the signal sensitivity, while the second design isolated the vortices away from the sensors functional area, providing predictable flow response over a wider flow range. This enables high-sensitivity, large-range, low-cost miniature flow sensing for mass-market production. |
15,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of three-dimensional block turbo codes, and key words: Turbo codes, Iterative decoding, Iterative algorithms, Block codes, Quantization, Bandwidth, Asynchronous transfer mode, AWGN channels, Binary phase shift keying, Quadrature phase shift keying. Abstract: This paper investigates multidimensional block turbo codes (BTCs) with trellis-based decoding. Reed-Muller (RM) codes are used as the component codes. The suboptimal decoding algorithm: MAX-log-MAP with a correction term is used for iterative decoding of multidimensional BTCs. This decoding method provides good tradeoff between performance and complexity. Three-dimensional BTCs are used in AWGN channel with BPSK and QPSK modulation. Multidimensional BTCs allow a large number of block sizes and coding rates to meet many practical applications. The fixed point implementation of these codes is also presented. The simulation results show that the coding gain loss with 4-bit quantization for received sequence is negligible. |
15,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic pre-processing after image robustness analysis, and key words: Robustness, Image analysis, Watermarking, Pixel, Printers, Printing, Image color analysis, Linearity, Concrete, Digital cameras. Abstract: The characteristic response curve of an imaging system is measured, to determine the system linearity. Images to be watermarked are analyzed to check if at least a prescribed target minimum of pixels is in the linear section of the imaging system response. When this criterion is met, the image data is left unchanged. However when it is not met, a tone correction is calculated and applied to the image. The automatic preprocessing of problem images increases their robustness and reduces the variance in robustness of a set of watermarked images. |
15,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Packaging R&D in Singapore, and key words: Research and development, Electronics packaging, Assembly, Wafer scale integration, Semiconductor device packaging, Semiconductor device manufacture, Micromechanical devices, Collaboration, Electronics industry, Industrial electronics. Abstract: This paper gives an overview of electronic, optical and MEMS packaging activities in Singapore from both components and microsystems perspective. A brief introduction to Singapore's electronic sector is provided. The research and development focus and industry collaborations are discussed. The collaborations between universities and research institutes of Singapore in the areas of system integration, electro optical module development, wafer level packaging and integration and MEMS packaging are discussed. |
15,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordinate Embedding Transformer Model for Optical Music Recognition on Monophonic Scores, and key words: Training, Handwriting recognition, Image recognition, Convolution, Symbols, Optical distortion, Transformers. Abstract: Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is an image recognition task that researchers try to teach computers to read music notation. In recent years, the convolution recursive neural network algorithm achieves great success in music symbols recognition tasks, especially in the monophonic score. However, some challenges remain in music symbol recognition, such as the notes in different positions of the staff which have the same image features represent different meanings. It is hard to distinguish the notes only with the way of convolution. In addition, context relationship is usually used to improve the overall accuracy of the music symbol recognition. In this paper, we propose a Coordinate Embedding Transformer model(CETr). We add pixel coordinates into feature patches to make the note positions of the staff participate in training and predicting, which can increase the difference between two notes with the different positions of the staff. Due to the Transformer which is designed for sequence modeling and transduction tasks being reliable to deal with the context relationship in a music score, we leverage the Transformer architecture for symbols-level score generation. Experiments show that the CETr model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on both clean and distorted monophonic scores. |
15,098 | Please write an abstract with title: A computational semantic approach applied to simple database queries, and key words: Databases, Natural languages, Data mining, Information science, Information analysis, Logic, Robustness, Computer science, Prototypes, Mars. Abstract: As a study of computational semantics and information science we describe a method of logical translation that seems to constitute a kind of semantic analysis, but it may also be considered a kind of information extraction. We discuss the translation from dataflow structures partly to parser programs and partly to informational content. The methods are independent of any particular semantic theory and seem to fit nicely with a variety of available semantic theories. To illustrate the principles we discuss the detailed analysis of some carefully selected prototypical database queries formulated in simple English. |
15,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Nano-sized Polymer-Silicate Thermal Stabilizers Of Polyvinyl Chloride Materials, and key words: Temperature, Barium, Surface morphology, Morphology, Elasticity, Thermal analysis, Polymers. Abstract: Peculiarities of obtaining and modifying Ba, Zn-containing polymer-silicate thermal stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride have been studied. The influence of macromolecular modifiers on the morphology and surface characteristics of thermal stabilizers is shown. The influence of fine Ba, Zn-containing polymer silicate thermal stabilizers on the processes of destruction (weight loss, thermal effect), physical-mechanical (surface hardness, elasticity) and thermophysical (Vicat softening point) properties of polyvinyl chloride materials is revealed. |
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