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15,100 | Please write an abstract with title: A 70nm NOR flash technology with 0.049 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size, and key words: Space technology, Flash memory, Synthetic aperture sonar, Nonvolatile memory, Parasitic capacitance, Doping profiles, Consumer electronics, Mobile handsets, Manufacturing processes, Pulp manufacturing. Abstract: A 70nm NOR flash technology has been for the first time developed with a cell size of 0.0494m, which is the smallest size of NOR flash cell, for high density memory of mobile application. The operation of 0.049PM cell transistor is successfully achieved with three key technologies such as an optimized Self-Aligned Poly (SAP) structure with top corner rounding trench structure, a cell drain contact process by ArF photo lithographic tool, and a cell transistor with a gate length of 120nm. |
15,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecast Rossmann Store Sales Base on Xgboost Model, and key words: Economics, Solid modeling, Companies, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Rossmann is a large supermarket chain. This project studies the sales situation of 1115 stores of Rossmann company in recent three years, carries out feature engineering from the dimension of space and time, uses xgboost gradient promotion algorithm to build a prediction model, and forecasts the sales volume of Rossmann's 1115 stores in the next 48 days. In the kaggle competition, the accuracy of the model to predict the future sales of 41088 samples reached 89.07%. |
15,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Editorial: Special Issue on ACP/IPOC 2020, and key words: Special issues and sections, Meetings, Photonics, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We are pleased to provide readers with the newest and important technologies presented in Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP) and International Conference on Information Photonics and Optical Communications (IPOC) 2020 (ACP/IPOC 2020), through this Special Issue published by the IEEE Photonics Technology Letters (PTL) journal. Technologies of photonics and optical communications (POCs) have developed rapidly in the last decades and have evolved to become a key-enabling component for the applications of high-speed telecommunications, advanced microwave signal generation and processing, astronomy observations, and even for quantum information processing and computing. The field of POC continues attracting a great deal of attention and keeps progressing in several important directions. Based on the nowadays matured exploration methods, current research is mainly directed towards implementations in integrated formats, such as high-speed optical transmission, big-capacity optical switching, automated optical-network/system evolution, and so on. In addition, intensive research is being conducted toward the utilization of POC across the abovementioned practical application areas and others. |
15,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Ship Detection in Range-Compressed SAR Data, and key words: Training, Radar remote sensing, Simulation, Radar detection, Radar imaging, Trajectory, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Most of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based ship detection methods utilize two-dimension focused images. Ship detection in range-compressed data is promising since it needs no time-consuming azimuth focusing. This paper proposes a ship detection method in range-compressed SAR data, which employs the statistical characteristics and range trajectory of a ship target in the range-compressed time-domain. First, it employs complex signal kurtosis (CSK) to prescreen potential ship areas since CSK was demonstrated to be an reasonable indicator for SAR ship detection. Then, a convolutional neural networks (CNN) based discrimination is applied to the potential ship areas. The training samples comes from the simulation results of range trajectory based on the radar imaging parameters. Preliminary results show that the proposed method performs well in range-compressed SAR data. |
15,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Cloudlet Based Computing Optimization Using Variable-Length Whale Optimization and Differential Evolution, and key words: Mobile edge computing environment, cloudlet deployment, task offloading, multi-objective optimization, variable-length optimization. Abstract: Cloudlet-based optimization involves deploying a set of cloudlets in an environment and assigning user tasks to optimize various metrics, including energy consumption, quality of service (QoS), and cost. Typically, approaches deal with them separately, which might cause sub-optimality. Furthermore, assuming the fixed location of the cloudlets will limit the dynamic adaptability of the problem. Enabling more optimality and adaptability to the dynamic nature of cloudlet-based computing, we propose a novel Variable-Length multi-objective Whale optimization Integrated with Differential Evolution designated as VL-WIDE. Unlike the existing optimization algorithm, VL-WIDE features the capability of searching different lengths of solutions to cover the variable number of cloudlets for deployment. Furthermore, it enables a non-dominated evaluation of solutions based on four objectives using crowding distance for selection. It provides an application-oriented solutions repair operator for repairing non-valid solutions and assuring that all solutions are generated in the feasible region. The proposed algorithm enables moving the cloudlets among pre-defined locations to increase the quality of service according to the change in the user density caused by user mobility. Comparing this developed algorithm with other algorithms shows its superiority in multi-objective optimization (MOO) evaluation metrics. VL-WIDE has provided the best in a number of non-dominated solutions and delta metrics and was competitive in other metrics. |
15,105 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved product quantization method applying fuzzy clustering, and key words: Computer vision, Quantization (signal), Automation, Vector quantization, Image retrieval, Buildings, Clustering algorithms. Abstract: With the development of computer vision as well as retrieval technology, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been widely used. The product quantization retrieval algorithm (Product Quantization) is one kind of CBIR, which contains three steps: Cartesian integral solution of the original vector space, quantization of the lowdimensional vector space, and similarity search. The original product quantization method uses k-means clustering algorithm for quantization of low-dimensional vector space, which will be influenced by the initial point setting to reach local optimum and cause quantization error. Moreover, the features of many pictures are mediated, and the k-means algorithm for the clustering of feature vectors belongs to the hardening score, which will produce a large classification error. To address the above problems, this paper proposes to apply the improved product quantization method of fuzzy clustering (Fuzzy Product Quantization) and tests the effects of different quantization parameters on retrieval accuracy. The quantization of the low-dimensional vector space by using fuzzy clustering avoids the quantization error caused by hardening scores and makes the classification more objective. The use of weighted asymmetric distance calculation in a similar search step can further reduce the error of distance calculation and improve the accuracy of image retrieval. Experimental tests using the Oxford Building dataset show that the retrieval accuracy of the original product quantization method is 61.8% when taking the first 20 images in the retrieval results, and the retrieval accuracy of the proposed method is 64.8%, with an overall accuracy improvement of 3%, and the algorithm performance is better than the original product quantization method. |
15,106 | Please write an abstract with title: A fully adaptive normalized nonlinear gradient descent algorithm for complex-valued nonlinear adaptive filters, and key words: Adaptive filters, Finite impulse response filter, Signal processing algorithms, Backpropagation algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis, Filtering algorithms, Taylor series, Robustness, Convergence, Biomedical engineering. Abstract: A fully adaptive normalized nonlinear complex-valued gradient descent (FANNCGD) learning algorithm for training nonlinear (neural) adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters is derived. First, a normalized nonlinear complex-valued gradient descent (NNCGD) algorithm is introduced. For rigour, the remainder of the Taylor series expansion of the instantaneous output error in the derivation of NNCGD is made adaptive at every discrete time instant using a gradient-based approach. This results in the fully adaptive normalized nonlinear complex-valued gradient descent learning algorithm that is suitable for nonlinear complex adaptive filtering with a general holomorphic activation function and is robust to the initial conditions. Convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided both analytically and experimentally. Experimental results on the prediction of colored and nonlinear inputs show the FANNCGD outperforming other algorithms of this kind. |
15,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Slurm PaaS in a cloud environment for development and debug purposes, and key words: Cloud computing, Overlay networks, Manuals, Big Data, Virtual machining, Software, Planning. Abstract: Nowadays specialized distributed services and sig-nificant amounts of computing resources are used for solving tasks in Big Data processing and analysis. Cloud environments allow people to create virtual clusters with necessary characteris-tics and tune specialized software for planning jobs and resource allocation. Slurm belongs to such systems class. Unfortunately, lots of problems appear during manual setup and Slurm usage in cloud infrastructure. The article offers the solution to the problem of automating deployment of the Slurm cluster in cloud infrastructure for development and testing purposes. User acquires access using REST API request to get ready for use virtual cluster with preinstalled and preconfigured Slurm cluster. This work also includes analysis for Slurm/HPC clusters effi-ciency running in Openstack environment using virtual machines interconnected with an overlay network compared to classical bare-metal HPC clusters. |
15,108 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel scheme for packet forwarding without header modifications in optical networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Optical fiber networks, Multiprotocol label switching, High speed optical techniques, Scalability, Protocols, Switches, Optical packet switching, Internet, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: We present a novel scheme for packet forwarding in optical packet-switched networks and we further demonstrate its good scalability through simulations. The scheme requires neither header modification nor any label distribution protocol, thus reducing component cost while simplifying network management. |
15,109 | Please write an abstract with title: How a mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine works inside a Cell: A Virtual Reality Serious Game, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Immunology, Prototypes, Virtual reality, Cells (biology), Vaccines. Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy and uptake have been important issues in controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic in many regions around the globe, but the increase in vaccination rates has been slow or even halted in some countries. Therefore, people who have hesitated in getting the vaccine need to be addressed. One driver influencing vaccination uptake is closing the knowledge gap among the public by equipping them with a deeper understanding of how a vaccine works inside our cells to activate the immune system and develop immunity. Viral immunology is highly conceptual and requires an appreciation of molecular biology in the cell. To give individuals an intuitive awareness of the operation of a mRNA-type virus vaccine for COVID-19, we designed and developed a Virtual Reality (VR) based serious game called ‘Cell Traveler’. Through this innovative VR serious game, the player can control and interact with a sequence of critical real-life events inside a cell triggered by the injected mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. In this paper, we describe the prototype of the ‘Cell Traveler’. We utilize the concepts of serious game to create an experience to encourage students and the public to develop deeper mRNA vaccine knowledge through a memorable and fun experience. |
15,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Deterministic Independent Component Analysis for Hyperspectral Unmixing, and key words: Training, Estimation, Stochastic processes, Independent component analysis, Signal processing, Solids, Entropy. Abstract: We develop a new neural network based independent component analysis (ICA) method by directly minimizing the dependence amongst all extracted components. Using the matrix-based Rényi’s α-order entropy functional, our network can be directly optimized by stochastic gradient descent (SGD), without any variational approximation or adversarial training. As a solid application, we evaluate our ICA in the problem of hyperspectral unmixing (HU) and refute a statement that "ICA does not play a role in unmixing hyperspectral data", which was initially suggested by [1]. Code and additional remarks of our DDICA is available at https://github.com/hongmingli1995/DDICA. |
15,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Auction-Based Function Placement in Serverless Fog Platforms, and key words: Cloud computing, Edge computing, FAA, Computational modeling, Resource management, Tools, Bandwidth. Abstract: The Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) paradigm has a lot of potential as a computing model for fog environments comprising both cloud and edge nodes. When the request rate exceeds capacity limits at the edge, some functions need to be offloaded from the edge towards the cloud.In this position paper, we propose an auction-based approach in which application developers bid on resources. This allows fog nodes to make a local decision about which functions to offload while maximizing revenue. For a first evaluation of our approach, we use simulation. |
15,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on a Financial Investment Crisis Early Warning Model of Listed Companies Based on a Random Forest Algorithm, and key words: Training, Economics, Job shop scheduling, Conferences, Companies, Stability analysis, Data models. Abstract: To realize the global scheduling of the financial investment of listed companies, a financial investment crisis early warning model of listed companies based on a random forest algorithm is proposed. Based on the random forest algorithm, the decision tree is selected and the key decision tree training set is extracted. Collect the financial investment crisis early warning data of listed companies, select the characteristic variables of financial investment crisis early warning of listed companies, and construct the financial investment crisis early warning model of listed companies based on random forest algorithm to realize the financial investment crisis early warning. The experimental results show that under the action of the early warning model based on the random forest algorithm, the overall early warning variance of financial investment of listed companies is larger, and the financial investment performance per unit time is relatively stronger, which meets the practical application requirements of global scheduling of financial investment of listed companies. |
15,113 | Please write an abstract with title: All-Fiberized 2.7-4.2 μm Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Source Based on Er-doped ZBLAN Fiber Amplifier, and key words: Optical fiber amplifiers, Asia, Power amplifiers, Optical fiber communication, Power generation, Photonics. Abstract: An all-fiberized supercontinuum (SC) source based on Er-doped ZBLAN fiber amplifier is demonstrated for the first time, and a SC spanning from 2.7 to 4.2 11m is obtained with a record power of 2.32 W. |
15,114 | Please write an abstract with title: Significant Microsegment Transformants Encoding Method to Increase the Availability of Video Information Resource, and key words: Image coding, Transform coding, Information services, Information security, Information processing, Streaming media, Market research. Abstract: The presence of an imbalance caused by an insufficient level of performance of modern and promising infocommunication technologies with respect to the information intensity of bit streams is shown. It is substantiated that a decrease in the level of imbalance is organized as a result of an increase in the efficiency of information processing technologies. It is substantiated that at the moment the JPEG platform is the basic concept for the construction of compression representation technologies. Accordingly, it is proposed to organize the further development of methods for processing video resources using individual components of the JPEG platform in the direction of increasing the integrity of information while ensuring the required level of its availability. The development of the basic concept of processing segmented video frames using the core of the JPEG technology is presented, which is based on the following aspects: conditions are created for differential processing of video frame segments, taking into account their previous identification, depending on their importance from the position of maintaining the desired level of integrity of video resources; provides compatibility of segment identification processes and their processing using the JPEG platform. It is shown that the created video resource encoding methods based on the developed concept of processing significant segments provide a reduction in the information delivery time under the conditions of the required level of its integrity, i.e. an increase in the level of information security is achieved. |
15,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Cross-Slice Communication for Enhanced Service Delivery at the Network Edge, and key words: Security, Network slicing, 5G mobile communication, Edge computing, Servers, Monitoring, Computer architecture. Abstract: The increasing resource demand and diversity of network services is taken under serious consideration by the various stakeholders, driving the architecture design of 5G (and beyond) networks. Network slicing, as a prominent aspect of next-generation network architectures, aims at satisfying the diverse service requirements in terms of throughput, latency, reliability, and/or security. However, the prevailing way of slice provisioning, i.e., in the form of isolated bundles of computing, storage, and network resources, makes cross-slice communication inefficient, especially at the network edge. This inevitably hinders opportunities for Business-to-Business (B2B) synergies at the event of service co-location. In this paper, we study this novel aspect of network slicing, i.e., cross-slice communication (CSC). We particularly promote a form of optimized CSC, at which two co-located slices can establish peering in a secure and controlled manner, by confining peering traffic within the boundaries of the datacenter, while still preserving the important aspect of resource isolation. Such optimized CSC can foster synergies between service providers without additional latency or traffic in the backhaul/transport network. In this context, we investigate various ways to establish optimized CSC at edge computing infrastructures, based on functionalities offered by state-of-the-art management and orchestration (MANO) frameworks, such as OpenSourceMANO. |
15,116 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Efficient Nonlinear Control for Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machines, and key words: Torque, Windings, Copper, Stator windings, Mathematical models, Induction machines, Rotors. Abstract: The brushless doubly-fed induction machine (BDFIM) is suitable for applications that need adjustable speed within limited ranges. It is a promising machine if its control strategies, such as the maximum torque per total copper losses (MTPCL) control, are well designed. A BDFIM has two stator windings, a power winding (not controllable) and a control winding (CW) (controllable through a partially rated back-to-back converter). Unlike singly-fed electrical machines, which are fully controllable and the MTPCL can be easily implemented to them, implementing the MTPCL control in a BDFIM is challenging. In this paper, the model-based MTPCL control strategy in the presence of a nonlinear controller in the BDFIM drive is developed. To realize this strategy, we first determine an expression in terms of the angle of the CW's current as a controllable variable. The optimal angle of the CW's current, which guarantees the realization of the MTPCL strategy, is then mathematically obtained using the numerical minimization approach. Next, the proposed passivity-based nonlinear controller regulates both the MTPCL criterion and the electromagnetic torque directly as the output variables. The proposed strategy is validated by a TMS320F2833 microcontroller synchronized with a personal computer for a 3 kW prototype D132s-BDFIM. |
15,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-Band and Dual-polarization Microstrip Antennas Loaded with Split Ring Resonators, and key words: Polarization, Microstrip resonators, Dual band, Microstrip antennas, Bandwidth, Antenna feeds, Microstrip. Abstract: This paper is proposed a dual-band and dual-polarization microstrip antenna loaded with Split ring resonators(SRR). This antenna is combined by one 1×2 SRR and patch with corner cut. The simulated results show that circular polarization is obtained at 8.2GHz with RHCP which the axial radio bandwidths is 150MHz (8.15GHz-8.30GHz) and 9.21GHz which the impedance bandwidths is 0.57GHz (8.86GHz-9.34GHz) with Linear polarization. Further-more, the proposed antenna also possesses the advantages of low profile, easy feed and easy processing. |
15,118 | Please write an abstract with title: Markov modeling of 802.11 channels, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Fading, Degradation, Transport protocols, Data communication, Narrowband, Rayleigh channels, Information science, USA Councils, Wireless application protocol. Abstract: Wireless fading channels are commonly characterized by Markov models. Almost all models assume the underlying channel has flat fading characteristics and that fairly simply modulation schemes are used. These assumptions are not necessarily valid for wireless channels like the ones used by IEEE 802.11 technologies. Although Markov models of wireless channels have been widely used to study the performance of communications protocols at the link and transport layers, no validation of their accuracy has been performed against experimental data. We use experimental traces that represent the frame error process in 802.11a and 802.11b networks under different conditions to test the accuracy of the traditional models. We finish by suggesting an approach, based on experimental results, for the parameterization of a two-state Markov model. |
15,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Engineering Joint Spectral Densities with Orbital Angular Momentum States in Optical Fibers, and key words: Space vehicles, Optical fibers, Shape, Four-wave mixing, Aerospace electronics, Laser modes, Orbits. Abstract: We exploit the large modal space available in ring-core fibers supporting orbital angular momentum modes to demonstrate a versatile means to control the shape of photon-pair jointspectral densities generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing. |
15,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Speeding up Cell-Aware Library Characterization by Preceding Simulation with Structural Analysis, and key words: Resistance, Analytical models, Cats, Europe, Tools, Libraries, Topology. Abstract: Cell-aware test (CAT) offers a high-quality test that explicitly targets potential cell-internal open and short defects. CAT requires to characterize library cells to determine which cell patterns can detect which cell-internal defects. Characterization is performed only once per library, but in today's implementations [1], [2] it is nevertheless a very time-consuming task, since it performs analog simulation on every library cell c, for every potential defect d, and with every cell pattern p. However, after the lengthy simulation, invariably a majority of the defect/pattern tuples (d, p) turns out to be undetectable. Often, an undetectable tuple (d, p) can be identified only on the basis of the topology of the cell's transistors netlist. We refer to this as logical undetectability. This paper presents an efficient algorithm that performs a structural analysis of library cells to identify all logically undetectable tuples (d, p), which then can be excluded from the time-consuming analog simulation. As our structural analysis is a lot faster than the analog simulation, their combination delivers significant speed-ups; for 476 standard cells from Cadence's GPDK045 library [3], the algorithm identified 47% of logically undetectable tuples. |
15,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolution and prioritization of survival strategies for a simulated robot in Xpilot, and key words: Robots, Navigation, Computational modeling, Computer simulation, Computer science, Autonomous agents, Evolutionary computation, Games, Educational institutions, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: Simulated evolution by the use of genetic algorithms (GA) is presented as the solution to a two-faceted problem: the challenge for an autonomous agent to learn the reactive component of multiple survival strategies, while simultaneously determining the relative importance of these strategies as the agent encounters changing multivariate obstacles. The agent's ultimate purpose is to prolong its survival; it must learn to navigate its space avoiding obstacles while engaged in combat with an opposing agent. The GA learned rule-based controller significantly improved the agent's survivability in the hostile Xpilot environment. |
15,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Simplified Reactive Power Control of a Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Applications, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Phased arrays, Reactive power control, Reactive power, Power control, Process control, Power factor correction. Abstract: Photovoltaic generation has grown with continuous developments that allow new functionalities such as power factor correction or multilevel voltage generation. However, the increment in the complexity of control algorithms requires expensive digital systems for their correct implementation. Therefore, this paper presents a new simplified reactive power control technique based on the d-q rotating frame theory allowing power factor correction by injecting phase-shifted or in-phase current to the power grid from photovoltaic arrays. Furthermore, the high conversion efficiency rate result is due to the use of an MPPT algorithm. Finally, the proposed simplified reactive power control was constructed to be used in a 7-level H-bridge power inverter. Simulated results of the proposed simplified control scheme verify low-THD in the current and a high-performance during active or reactive power injection into the single-phase electrical grid. |
15,123 | Please write an abstract with title: A New current control technique for minimization of sub and inter harmonics in 1-phase H-bridge Inverter, and key words: Switches, Switching frequency, Hysteresis, Electromagnetic interference, Inverters, Control systems, Dual band. Abstract: A current control technique for 1-phase H-bridge / Voltgae Source Inverter (VSI) is projected here. This current control is a modified hysteresis type. The advised hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) associates the profits of both bipolar and unipolar switching technique. This advised advanced HCCT reduces switching loss, eliminates the EMI effect by reducing the higher order harmonics and further more diminishes the Sub and Inter Harmonics (SIH) of the load current. Authors also compared results of the proposed control technique with some of existing HCCT. The simulation results, harmonic analysis of the load current of the novel control technique and other existing techniques are proposed and compared in the article. |
15,124 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Interference Channel Characterization for Reconfigurable Antenna Based Systems, and key words: Delays, Antenna radiation patterns, Base stations, Bandwidth, Channel estimation, Antenna measurements, OFDM. Abstract: This paper presents experimental characterization of the self-interference (SI) channel for In-Band Full-Duplex (IBFD) communication systems that employ beam steering, Multi reconfigurable antennas (MRA), for passive SI suppression. First, we describe a system model of a full-duplex base station while highlighting channel impairments associated with each signal component. We present the SI channel power delay profiles measured by IBFD system operating on 5MHz, 10MHz and 20MHz bandwidths. We compare the measurements for beam patterns that result in line of sight suppression (and non-suppression) in both static and dynamic environments. We then statistically model the SI channel by performing probability distribution fitting to SI channel data, which is collected in dynamic environment, under high and low SI suppression conditions provided by MRA. Finally, candidate probability distribution models are compared using goodness of fit test. |
15,125 | Please write an abstract with title: The two-stage magnetron - a new multifunctional microwave generator, and key words: Microwave generation, Charge carrier processes, Azimuth, Electrons, Anodes, Voltage, Magnetic analysis, Power generation, Turning. Abstract: The development of the two-stage magnetron allows extending the range of traditional possibilities of classical design magnetrons. By analogy with some microwave tubes (for example, TWT O type) which can combine the pulsed and continuous operation modes (multifunctional mode) the two stage magnetron is a tube in which takes place combination of two magnetrons: usual (classical) and inverted magnetrons. As a result we have a new multifunctional tube with improved gain-frequency characteristics. This paper deals with full 3D computer modeling of the electron-wave interaction in the two-stage magnetron. All investigations are carried out by using a new 3D code SICM 3D 3.01. The main geometrical and electrical parameters of the two-stage magnetron are given. |
15,126 | Please write an abstract with title: A wearable remote real-time monitoring system for transmission line operation monitoring, and key words: Wireless communication, Power transmission lines, Streaming media, Maintenance engineering, Cameras, Real-time systems, Encoding. Abstract: The overhead transmission line is a piece of important equipment for long-distance power transmission in China. To ensure the supply of power resources, it is very important to repair the overhead transmission line quickly and efficiently. But at present, in the transmission line maintenance process, because of the altitude difference and signal coverage, the supervisor cannot monitor all the actions of operators. Therefore, aiming at the problems existing in the current transmission line safety operation monitoring, this study adopts wireless local area network technology, compression coding technology, and streaming media transmission technology to develop a wearable long-distance real-time monitoring system, which is composed of video intercom terminals, ground workstations, and wireless communication equipment. In this study, a smartphone with an external eyeglass camera was used as a visual intercom terminal instead of a traditional surveillance camera. This study mainly designed software for ground workstation running Windows system and video intercom terminals running Android system based on Qt and FFmpeg. Simulation experiments are also carried out in this study, and their results show that the system can meet the requirements of real-time monitoring of overhead transmission line operations. The system can effectively improve the safety and maintenance efficiency of overhead transmission lines. |
15,127 | Please write an abstract with title: A Stochastic Multi-period AC Optimal Power Flow for Provision of Flexibility Services in Smart Grids, and key words: Wind energy generation, Wind, Stochastic processes, Programming, Smart grids, Distributed power generation, Reliability. Abstract: The accelerated penetration of distributed energy resources (DER), most notably renewable distributed generation (DG) like wind and solar, in distribution networks (DNs) lead mainly to voltage and congestion issues. The unavoidable transition of passive DNs toward smart grids calls for fast-deployment of cost-effective flexible options, both grid controllable assets (e.g. on-load tap changer transformers) and DER (e.g. DG, storage batteries and flexible loads), to enable distribution system operators (DSOs) in maintaining reliable operation. To this end, this paper proposes a novel centralized stochastic multi-period AC optimal power flow (S-MPOPF) model allowing DSOs to procure at minimum cost from DER ancillary services for voltage control and congestion relief in medium voltage DNs. The main novelty lies on the joint optimization of a comprehensive set of flexible options. The full-flexibility options model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem while some combinations of flexible options lead to simpler NLP problems. Furthermore, a meaningful approximation of MINLP problem as an NLP is explored. The results obtained for the optimal operation of a modified 34-bus benchmark DN on 24 hours demonstrate the relative effectiveness of various flexible options as well as that off-the-shelf MINLP and NLP solvers require generally low computation effort. |
15,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase Dynamics Based and Spectral Charateristics of Directional Couplings in Ensemble of Three Oscillators, and key words: Couplings, Oscillators, Time series analysis, Sensitivity, Estimation, Coherence, Mathematical model. Abstract: The problem of directional coupling detection in ensembles of temporally evolving systems from observed time series is important in diverse fields. A small ensemble of three oscillators is a model of large ensembles which carry important features such as the distinction between direct and indirect influences and, therefore, allows the study of the methods for coupling detection in respect of their ability to distinguish between such influences and, hence, correctly identify directional couplings and provide their appropriate quantitative description. This work considers an ensemble of three exemplary oscillators as a test system to improve the coupling estimation method based on phase dynamics modeling and compare it to the spectral approach called Granger - Geweke spectrum. Possibilities of false conclusions about the structure of couplings are analyzed, sensitivity of both methods and interpretations of coupling characteristics are discussed. |
15,129 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study of Yokeless Dual-rotor and External-rotor Radial-Flux Fractional-Slot PM Machines, and key words: Magnetic flux, Torque, Windings, Rotors, Prototypes, Permanent magnet motors, Permanent magnets. Abstract: In this paper, electromagnetic performances of radial flux fractional-slot concentrated tooth-coil winding yokeless dual-rotor permanent magnet (YDRPM) machine and conventional external rotor surface-mounted PM (ERSPM) machine are compared. Both machines are optimized by genetic algorithm using finite element analysis under various optimization scenarios, i.e. with and without slot area restriction, different inner rotor bore diameter and pole number. It shows that the YDRPM machine has lower rated torque, but higher overload capability compared with the ERSPM machine, as also explained by the equivalent magnetic circuit. |
15,130 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dual Four-Port for Automatic Network Analysis, and key words: Testing, Switches, Millimeter wave measurements, Calibration, Radio frequency, Detectors, Power measurement, Switching converters, Frequency measurement, Manuals. Abstract: The concept, hardware, software, calibration and preliminary performance of a dual four-port automatic network analyzer is described. |
15,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Control Model for Hydrologic Safety of Flooded Territories, and key words: Computational modeling, Sociology, Sea measurements, Hydrodynamics, Mathematical models, Stability analysis, Safety. Abstract: The paper presents a control model of the hydrologic safety of inundated territories including - multi-layer geoinformation model of an inundated territory with real and simulated relief layers and a bed structure, settlements and transport infrastructure;- hydrodynamic model of flood development;- simulation model of population evaluation at the developing catastrophic territory flooding;- complex hierarchic model of hydrological safety control.The top hierarchy level of a complex control model locates a model of urbanization control for preventing the growth of hydrological risk at the social&economic territory development: territorial distribution of settlements and setting their critical dimensions as well as the development of a transport network as a factor of successful population evacuation. The middle level includes a model of the hydrotechnical projects of hydrological safety. The lower level consists of a control model of population evacuation (establishing self-evacuation directions and modes).Geoinformation and hydrodynamic simulation is conducted with the help of the software&algorithmic package Web-ECOGIS intended for the simulation of emergency situations at rivers and water storages as well as the simulation of season-related floods. The package uses modern GIS technology, parallel computations technologies OpenMP, MPI, CUDA. The vector maps of inundated territories in this package include the layers of relief, a hydrological system, social&economic infrastructure.The paper presents the results of scenario and simulation modelling for the development of two types of emergencies of catastrophic territory flooding in the northern part of the Volga&Akhtuba floodplain (VAFP): unexpected flooding of Volzhskaya HPP and sudden increase in spring flood intensity in the process of its development. The authors define the conditions of safe population evacuation and identify the most hazardous territories. The authors study the efficiency of the project on installing a locking dam at the base of the Volga and Akhtuba channel. |
15,132 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised image segmentation based on high-order hidden Markov chains [radar imaging examples], and key words: Image segmentation, Hidden Markov models, Parameter estimation, Ice, Synthetic aperture radar, Signal processing algorithms, Multidimensional signal processing, Image processing, Iterative methods, Computational modeling. Abstract: First order hidden Markov models have been used for a long time in image processing, especially in image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a technique for the unsupervised segmentation of images, based on high-order hidden Markov chains. We also show that it is possible to relax the classical hypothesis regarding the state observation probability density, which allows to take into account some particular correlated noise. Model parameter estimation is performed from an extension of the general iterative conditional estimation (ICE) method that takes into account the order of the chain. A comparative study conducted on a simulated image is carried out according to the order of the chain. Experimental results on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images show that the new approach can provide a more homogeneous segmentation than the classical one, implying higher algorithm complexity and computation time. |
15,133 | Please write an abstract with title: A Spectrum-Efficient MoF Architecture for Joint Sensing and Communication in B5G Based on Polarization Interleaving and Polarization-Insensitive Filtering, and key words: Radar, Optical polarization, Modulation, Amplitude modulation, Optical filters, Wireless communication, Frequency modulation. Abstract: The intelligentization of future society puts forward an urgent demand for high-precision sensing and ultra-high-speed wireless communications in the upcoming beyond fifth-generation (B5G) era. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel spectrum-efficient MMW-over-fiber (MoF) architecture for joint sensing and communication in B5G optical-wireless converged networks. The proposed MoF architecture is based on polarization interleaving and polarization-insensitive filtering. In the proposed architecture, the sensing and communication sidebands are generated simultaneously through asymmetrical single-sideband (ASSB) modulation, whereas the two local oscillator (LO) sidebands up-converting the sensing and communication signals to MMW band are obtained by carrier-suppressed double-sideband (CS-DSB) modulation. By interleaving the two sets of sidebands for sensing and communication in two orthogonal polarizations, the demand for higher bandwidth devices and the occupied spectral grid can thus be effectively reduced. The ASSB modulation eliminates the chromatic-dispersion- (CD) induced power fading for long-reach services. The polarization-insensitive filtering removes the need for complicated polarization tracking, resulting in a simple structure at the remote units (RUs) and polarization-free digital signal processing (DSP) at the user ends (UEs). Moreover, the two sets of sidebands originate from a shared laser, so frequency offset estimation (FOE) can be avoided to further reduce the complexity and power consumption of the DSP, thereby facilitating a user-friendly terminal. The experimental results show that a ±15-mm ranging accuracy at B5G MMW band for single-target detection is achieved, and a 30-cm ranging resolution for dual-target detection is also realized. Furthermore, a 23-Gbit/s error-free transmission rate at 28GHz over 5.41-km single-mode fiber (SMF) and 2-m wireless distance is successfully demonstrated without frequency offset compensation. |
15,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning to Accelerate Evolutionary Search for Large-Scale Multiobjective Optimization, and key words: Search problems, Statistics, Sociology, Convergence, Optimization, Multilayer perceptrons, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: Most existing evolutionary search strategies are not so efficient when directly handling the decision space of large-scale multiobjective optimization problems (LMOPs). To enhance the efficiency of tackling LMOPs, this article proposes an accelerated evolutionary search (AES) strategy. Its main idea is to learn a gradient-descent-like direction vector (GDV) for each solution via the specially trained feedforward neural network, which may be the learnt possibly fastest convergent direction to reproduce new solutions efficiently. To be specific, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with only one hidden layer is constructed, in which the number of neurons in the input and output layers is equal to the dimension of the decision space. Then, to get appropriate training data for the model, the current population is divided into two subsets based on the nondominated sorting, and each poor solution in one subset with worse convergence will be paired to an elitist solution in another subset with the minimum angle to it, which is considered most likely to guide it with rapid convergence. Next, this MLP is updated via backpropagation with gradient descent by using the above elaborately prepared dataset. Finally, an accelerated large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (ALMOEA) is designed by using AES as a reproduction operator. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed AES when handling the search space of LMOPs with dimensionality ranging from 1000 to 10000. When compared with six state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms, the experimental results also show the better efficiency and performance of the proposed optimizer in solving various LMOPs. |
15,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Exceptional Points of Degeneracy in Waveguides with or without Loss and Gain, and key words: Antenna measurements, Distributed amplifiers, Slow light, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Delay lines, Metamaterials, Oscillators. Abstract: There are two kinds of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in waveguides: those in the absence of loss and gain, related to slow light, and those where the waveguide has distributed gain and/or loss. Here, we discuss both kinds and highlight their differences. We show EPDs of order 2, 3, 4 and 6 in waveguides supporting two or three modes in each direction, and how the coalescence parameter is a good tool to measure the degree of degeneracy by measuring the angle between the eigenvectors (polarization states). In highlighting the differences between the two kinds of EPDs, we also show different sets of applications, which include sensors, delay lines, distributed amplifiers, antennas, and oscillators. |
15,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Attack and Defense Strategies for Intrusion Detection in Autonomous Distributed IoT Systems, and key words: Intrusion detection, Internet of Things, Machine learning, Analytical models, Task analysis, Performance evaluation. Abstract: In this paper, we develop a methodology to capture and analyze the interplay of attack-defense strategies for intrusion detection in an autonomous distributed Internet of Things (IoT) system. In our formulation, every node must participate in lightweight intrusion detection of a neighbor target node. Consequently, every good node would play a set of defense strategies to faithfully defend the system while every bad node would play a set of attack strategies for achieving their own goals. We develop an analytical model based on Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) modeling techniques. Our methodology allows the optimal defense strategies to be played by good nodes to maximize the system lifetime when given a set of parameter values characterizing the distributed IoT system operational environment. We conduct a detailed performance evaluation based on an experiment dataset deriving from a reference autonomous distributed IoT system comprising 128 sensor-carrying mobile nodes and show how IDS defense mechanisms can counter malicious attack mechanisms under the ADIoTS system while considering multiple failure conditions. |
15,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning approach for resolving anaphors in the Punjabi Language, and key words: Training, Couplings, Annotations, System performance, Europe, Machine learning, Task analysis. Abstract: The paper presents an attempt to resolve anaphors in the Punjabi language using Machine Learning strategy. The Punjabi language has limited resources and no corpus is available which can be used for the task, so we prepared our own. Punjabi Shallow Parser has been used as a tool to provide information from the text such as part of speech (POS) tags, number, person, gender of NPs and chunking information. Animacy, NER, Pronoun Type features and linkages of anaphors to associated entities are manually annotated on the data. The features retrieved from the annotated corpus were used to train different classifiers, which were then evaluated using Precision, Recall, and F-Score. Analysis of the results shows that ensemble classifiers have performed better than other classifiers. We also tested the contribution of different features in resolving anaphors by training classifiers with different subsets of features. The accuracy of the pre-processing tool(Punjabi Shallow Parser), and the quality of the annotation task completed are also the factors that affect the system's performance. Because this is the first attempt to resolve anaphora in Punjabi, the results could be improved by using a larger corpus and adopting a rule-based strategy in conjunction with a machine learning approach, which is the future scope of the current work. |
15,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of serially concatenated convolutional codes with BPSK in the presence of pulsed noise jamming, and key words: Concatenated codes, Convolutional codes, Binary phase shift keying, Jamming, Signal to noise ratio, Additive white noise, Gaussian noise, Bit error rate, AWGN, Upper bound. Abstract: In this paper, the bit error rate of four-state BPSK serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) with BPSK, AWGN and pulsed noise jamming is examined. For low signal-to-noise ratios, simulation results are obtained, while for higher signal-to-noise ratios, an average upper bound is developed. We find that pulsed noise jamming is largely ineffective for sufficient total SNR (> 10 dB) unless the jammer uses very high jamming power. For smaller SNR, the situation is more complicated. Pulse jamming with /spl rho/ < 0.01 is largely ineffective. Pulse jamming is effective for 0.1 > /spl rho/ > 1.0 and for 8 dB > SNR > 0 dB. The most effective strategy for a jammer is to employ barrage jamming with signal-to-jamming noise ratio (SJR) < 2 dB. Side information (SI) is most effective for 0.1 > /spl rho/ > 1.0 and its usefulness is dependent on SNR. |
15,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Pinpoint Achilles’ Heel in RFID Localization: Phase Calibration of RFID Antenna based on Linear Localization Model, and key words: Location awareness, Performance evaluation, Adaptation models, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Calibration, Antennas. Abstract: In the context of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), RFID technologies have been widely applied to locate or track tagged objects for achieving item-level intelligence. However, prior localization work encounters two main issues. First, the phase measurement usually contains physical deviation. Existing localization work generally takes the physical center of an RFID antenna as its phase center, which is a key factor in improving localization accuracy but actually different from the physical center in practice. Second, the non-linear localization model is likely to be too complex to run on edge nodes with limited computing resources. In this paper, we present a LInear localizatiON solution, called LION, to perform the phase calibration for antennas with no need for the complex computation nor strong limitations. Specifically, we provide a novel lightweight model to pinpoint the actual antenna position quickly and accurately. Compared to previous localization methods, we reduce the intersection of circles or hyperbolas into radical lines, which greatly reduces the computation cost while guaranteeing the high accuracy. Further, to adapt to the complex environment with various ambient noise and multi-path effect, we leverage the weighted least square method to determine the optimal position. Moreover, we propose an adaptive parameter selection scheme to automatically choose optimal parameters for localization. In this way, LION is able to perform the accurate localization robustly. We implement LION using commercial RFID devices, and evaluate its performance extensively. Experimental results show the necessity of phase calibration as well as the high time efficiency of LION, e.g., the average accuracy improves by 6× and 2.1× for 2D and 3D localization, and the average time consuming is 0.02s and 1.8s for 2D and 3D cases. |
15,140 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Bandwidth Low-Inductance Current Shunt for Wide-Bandgap Devices Dynamic Characterization, and key words: Resistors, Bandwidth, Current measurement, Sensors, Inductance, Transient analysis, Switches. Abstract: High bandwidth sensors are required to measure the wide-bandgap devices' transient behavior because of their fast switching speed. In addition to high bandwidth, the current sensor must introduce little extra parasitic inductance to the switching power loop. The analysis of conventional shunt resistors shows the key to high bandwidth is the coaxial structure and its parasitic inductance is proportional to its transient heat energy rating. By combining the structure of coaxial shunt resistor and alumina substrate surface mount thin film resistors, a novel surface mount coaxial shunt resistor is introduced. Experimental measurement verifies its capability of achieving very high bandwidth while introducing very low parasitic inductance. The design can achieve up to 2.23-GHz measurement bandwidth while keeping its parasitic inductance as low as 0.12 nH. Application in gallium nitride heterojunction-field-effect-transistors double pulse test shows it can faithfully capture the transient current waveform while introducing little interference to the switching behavior. |
15,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmission of bursty data over wideband fading channels, and key words: Wideband, Fading, Delay, Bandwidth, Buffer storage, Dynamic programming, Cost function, Lagrangian functions, Electronic mail, Wireless networks. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the problem of transmitting bursty, delay-sensitive data over time-varying channels is an important issue in next-generation wireless networks. There is a fundamental tradeoff of conserving a mobile user's energy while providing a desired level of quality of service. We present the first known results in this context for fading channels with infinite bandwidth and investigate the tradeoff between average packet delay and average power consumption. |
15,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of a Pneumatic-Electric End-Effector for Force Control Applications, and key words: Dynamics, Force, Prototypes, End effectors, Manufacturing, Nitrogen, Time factors. Abstract: To overcome the drawbacks of the existing pneumatic force-controlled end-effector, such as low dynamic response and low force control accuracy, a novel pneumatic-electric force-controlled end-effector is proposed in this paper. It consists of a base, a moving platform, a voice coil motor (VCM), a nitrogen spring, and six extension springs. By integrating the VCM with a nitrogen spring and six extension springs parallelly, the proposed force-controlled end-effector has the advantages of high output force, high dynamic response, and high force-control accuracy. The dynamic analysis of the VCM and the stiffness analysis of the nitrogen spring are conducted. Based on the dynamic model of the system, a PID based force controller is implemented. To validate the proposed design, modelling, and control approaches, a prototype of the pneumatic-electric end-effector is fabricated. Experimental results show that the pneumatic-electric end-effector achieves excellent force-control performance with ±0.1N force control accuracy and 70ms response time. |
15,143 | Please write an abstract with title: Performing authenticated encryption with nanoscale phenomenon, and key words: Cryptography, Authentication, Quantum mechanics, Quantum entanglement, Nanotechnology, Nanoscale devices, Physical layer, Application software, Protocols, Magnetic materials. Abstract: Recent progress in nanotechnology has focused on applying nanoscale phenomenon in physical layer or device level applications. In this paper, we show that nanoscale phenomenon cannot only be used in physical layer, but also in high layer application such as communication protocols. In this paper, we study the possibility of performing authentication and encryption based on quantum entanglement, which is a phenomenon available only at the nanoscale level. Unlike classical authentication and encryption algorithms, the security of this protocol is based on nanoscale physical laws, instead of any unproven mathematic conjecture. |
15,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic response analysis of pyroelectric sensitive element for thermal imaging, and key words: Image analysis, Pyroelectricity, Optical imaging, Temperature distribution, Pyroelectric devices, Silicon, Numerical models, Numerical simulation, Frequency response, Frequency modulation. Abstract: Temperature distributions under periodic thermal excitations and the responsivity of a pyroelectric device consisting of a cover layer, infrared absorber, metal contact, sensitive pyroelectric element, interconnecting column, and bulk silicon are found. Some results of numerical thermal modeling and analysis of exact expressions for a few extreme cases are presented. Pyroelectric responses of real structures are compared with the response of a single pyroelectric element in air as a limiting case of maximum sensitivity. The analytical approximations and numerical simulation show that the frequency response of the multilayered structure consists of different parts with simple frequency dependencies. In the region of high frequencies of light modulation, the responsivity is proportional to /spl omega//sup -1/, at low frequencies /spl sim/ /spl omega//sup -0.5/, and, in the region of intermediate frequencies, the voltage responsivity is independent of frequency. |
15,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms for Securing Medical Web Pages and Files, and key words: Sensitivity, Software algorithms, Web pages, Malware, Loss measurement, Web servers, Security. Abstract: It is a challenge for online active pharmacies and medical clinics to protect themselves from a wide range of security threats, from a technical point of view and also from the risks involved when working with personal information, such as patients' electronic records. In general, the security of digital information ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of data. In particular, the security of digital medical information must be ensured through the implementation of appropriate control measures. In addition, networking and connecting to the Internet entails additional risks, of unauthorized access to medical data or even fraud. In order to avoid the loss, partial or total destruction of medical data, safety and protection, measures are required. Worldwide security solutions have been developed by equipment and application manufacturers, including increasingly effective technical protection methods. The protection measures are designed according to the degree of sensitivity and the significance of the concerned resources. Our paper presents a software solution developed and implemented by using simple, but efficient algorithms compared to the solutions currently available in the field, created mainly for securing platforms/web pages and medical data files. The algorithms are obtained either by modifying the operators or the procedures of the fundamental algorithms and have been implemented in Java or C. Moreover, the parameters of the functions become constant references, in order to not copy them to objects. |
15,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Analysis on the Influence of Chinese Traditional Culture on English-speaking Countries and Their Translation Based on the Corpus of COCA, and key words: Data analysis, Databases, Big Data, Cross-cultural communication, Information management. Abstract: In the times of big data, culture-loaded expressions are of great significance in the research of translation and cross-cultural communication. This paper makes use of big data to study a group of culture-loaded expressions related to “Lantern Festival”, which is a representative of Chinese traditional culture, retrieves the data about them in the largest free online English database of corpus “Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)”, and makes use of quantitative research method to analyze the data frequency of these expressions, hopefully to find out data about the influence of “Lantern Festival” on English-speaking world and more appropriate translation versions of these expressions, so as to deduce the influence of Chinese traditional cultures in these areas and the better way of translating these expressions, and to meet the needs of the era of big data. |
15,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of the intensity dependent refractive index using complete spatio-temporal ultrashort pulse characterization, and key words: Refractive index, Optical pulses, Optical refraction, Gallium arsenide, Optical variables control, Optical films, Nonlinear optics, Optical harmonic generation, Optical pumping, Optical tuning. Abstract: Summary from only given. The space-time SPIDER technique is able to provide full characterization of an optical pulse before and after its passage through a sample of nonlinear material. This knowledge can be used to set up an inverse problem: given the pulse parameters before and after propagation, find the optical parameters of the material. |
15,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Vulnerability Assessment and Mitigation Measures for Cascading Outages in TNB System, and key words: Thermal stability, Load flow, Threshold voltage, Power system stability, Process control, Stability criteria, Power system protection. Abstract: Cascading events may lead to major disruption if such emergencies are not managed properly. While this is still a challenge for power system operators and planners, a proper analysis with mitigation measures is needed to prevent such incidents. This paper presents a framework for an online cascading analysis application to reduce the potential risk of cascading outages. The proposed framework has been tested with the TNB system. The remedial actions recommendation from the online cascading analysis application have been validated using real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations. The results show that the recommended remedial actions can effectively mitigate thermal, voltage and stability violations, thus reducing the risk of cascading outages. |
15,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Consensus-Based Hybrid Multiagent Cooperative Control Strategy of Microgrids Considering Load Uncertainty, and key words: Costs, Energy management, Optimization, Economics, Uncertainty, Microgrids, Decentralized control, Load management, Cooperative systems, Multi-agent systems. Abstract: The energy management systems used in microgrid systems are either centralized or decentralized. The centralized method is easy to implement, but has low reliability and it is computationally intensive due to its reliance on a single control unit. The decentralized control is a more reliable strategy as multiple units are coordinated to manage the microgrid system, however, its algorithm and implementation are complicated for long-term operation. This paper proposes a consensus-based hybrid multi-agent management system including both centralized and decentralized agents taking advantages of both methods into account. The hierarchical cooperative optimization system is adapted for the distributed economic dispatch. The primary control layer is responsible for the voltage and frequency regulations whereas the secondary control layer is implemented in a consensus-based distributed multi-agent control scheme for optimal microgrid management. The centralized agent is used to optimally schedule the energy storage system. The proposed hybrid control strategy consistently maintains the economic operation and demand load balance of the microgrid system under load uncertainty. A comparison study with the centralized control strategy is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The feasibility of the proposed controller is validated by the control-hardware-in-the-loop simulation using OPAL-RT Technologies. Real-time simulation results show that the proposed hybrid strategy has a better optimization performance compared to the centralized strategy under load uncertainty conditions. |
15,150 | Please write an abstract with title: Error rate analysis of asynchronous multicode DS-CDMA systems, and key words: Error analysis, Multiaccess communication, Gaussian approximation, Statistical analysis, Statistics, Performance analysis, AWGN, Random variables, Additive white noise, Multiple access interference. Abstract: A precise bit-error probability analysis method is derived for a multicode DS-CDMA system in an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The method is applicable to a multicode DS-CDMA system with an arbitrary number of multiple code sequences and any selection of multiple code sequences. The precise method gives results that discriminate the effect of the selection of multiple code sequences on the bit-error probability, whereas Gaussian approximations do not. Thus, the new method can be used to select the best multicode set for a given system, a task that cannot be achieved using Gaussian approximations. A two-step analytical procedure enables deriving an explicit, compact form for the characteristic function of the receiver decision statistic in a DS-CDMA system with an arbitrary number of multiple code sequences, and for any selection of multiple code sequences. |
15,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Tomographic Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging With an Open-Sided Scanner Configuration, and key words: Coils, Magnetic resonance imaging, Tomography, Imaging phantoms, Three-dimensional displays, Two dimensional displays. Abstract: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have a high potential for use in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In vivo distribution of SPIONs can be imaged with the Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) method, which uses an inhomogeneous magnetic field with a field free region (FFR). The spatial distribution of the SPIONs are obtained by scanning the FFR inside the field of view (FOV) and sensing SPION related magnetic field disturbance. MPI magnets can be configured to generate a field free point (FFP), or a field free line (FFL) to scan the FOV. FFL scanners provide more sensitivity, and are also more suitable for scanning large regions compared to FFP scanners. Interventional procedures will benefit greatlyfrom FFL based open magnet configurations. Here, we present the first open-sided MPI system that can electronically scan the FOV with an FFL to generate tomographic MPI images. Magnetic field measurements show that FFL can be rotated electronically in the horizontal plane and translated in three dimensions to generate 3D MPI images. Using the developed scanner, we obtained 2D images of dot and cylinder phantoms with varying iron concentrations between 11 μg/ml and 770 μg/ml. We used a measurement based system matrix image reconstruction method that minimizes 11-norm and total variation in the images. Furthermore, we present 2D imaging results of two 4 mm-diameter vessel phantoms with 0% and 75% stenosis. The experiments show high quality imaging results with a resolution down to 2.5 mm for a relatively low gradient field of 0.6 T/m. |
15,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Noise reduction using spatial-angular compounding for elastography, and key words: Noise reduction, Capacitive sensors, Ultrasonic imaging, Spatial resolution, Imaging phantoms, Signal to noise ratio, Cancer detection, Breast, Monitoring, Medical treatment. Abstract: Ultrasound elastography has developed into an imaging modality suitable for detection and diagnosis of cancers in the breast, prostate, and thyroid and for monitoring ablative therapies in the liver, kidneys, and other sites. In this article, a new approach is described that enables the reduction of noise artifacts in elastography without a significant reduction in either the contrast or spatial resolution. The technique uses angular-weighted compounding of local angular strains estimated from echo signals scanned at different insonification angles. Strain estimated along angular insonification directions can be separated into strain tensor components along the axial (direction of compression) and lateral directions. The mechanical stimulus is applied only along one direction. Angular-weighting factors are derived from the relationship between the axial and lateral strains under the assumption of tissue incompressibility. Experimental results using a uniformly elastic, tissue-mimicking phantom demonstrate the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio obtained with angular-weighted compounding. Variation in the signal-to-noise ratio obtained using different angular increments also is investigated. Elastograms obtained from an inclusion phantom also demonstrate the improvement in contrast detail resolution obtained using spatial-angular compounding. |
15,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic domain structure of TbFe/sub 12-x/Ti/sub x/ single crystals, and key words: Magnetic domains, Crystals. Abstract: In this paper, the various domain patterns of TbFe/sub 12-x/Ti/sub x/ single crystals in main crystal planes with increase of Ti content, detected by Nanoscope IIIa-D3000 MFM, are presented and explained in detail. |
15,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancing the Performance of FBG Accelerometers by Using In-Fiber Fabry Perot Interferometers, and key words: Accelerometers, Optical fiber sensors, Fiber gratings, Sensitivity, Vibrations, Sensors, Fasteners. Abstract: An in-fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and designed for performance improvement of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer. It consists of two FBGs which are inscribed using the femtosecond laser point-by-point technology. The spectral characteristics of the FBG Fabry–Perot (FBG-FP) were studied. Edge filter interrogation configuration was employed in the vibration measurement system. In contrast to the conventional FBG accelerometer used in wavelength interrogation or edge filter interrogation configurations, the scheme has a higher sensitivity and lower detection threshold which are achieved improving the optical properties of the accelerometer. We fabricated a high-frequency accelerometer and experiments were carried out to verify its performance. The sensitivity and detection threshold were 27.3 mV/g and 1.5 mg, respectively. This study presents a feasibility analysis of the short cavity FBG-FP, as opposed to a single FBG, for the vibration accelerometer. |
15,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of patients with diabetes by analyzing the patterns of proteins present in saliva using machine learning, and key words: Proteins, Weight measurement, Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Databases, Machine learning, Diabetes. Abstract: Modern equipment has allowed the mapping of biological information from a molecular point of view, which can be used for disease prediction and diagnosis. Besides, laboratory tests support clinical diagnosis and bring markers with complex patterns. These patterns can be used together with Machine Learning techniques to detect and automate patient diagnoses. These application tools can be used for the early diagnosis of diseases. This paper shows an application of supervised machine learning techniques to classify patients with diabetes using the protein markers in the saliva directly from the data provided by one piece of equipment deployed to measure molecular weights. Our database has 170 patients with 52 diabetics and 118 non-diabetic. We analyzed four widely used machine learning techniques, showing that the support vector machine achieved the best results concerning the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. |
15,156 | Please write an abstract with title: A direct conversion WLAN receiver, and key words: Wireless LAN, CMOS technology, Low-noise amplifiers, Low pass filters, Band pass filters, Clocks, Feeds, Noise reduction, Noise figure, Voltage. Abstract: A direct conversion receiver for WLAN 802.11b is presented in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology. It contains a complete receiver chain with low noise amplifier, I/Q mixer, programmable gain amplifier and base band filter. A 4.8GHz divider is used to generate 2.4GHz quadrature clock for I/Q mixer. The reception path is dc coupled and a feed back low pass filter is added to reduce the dc-offset and 1/f noise. The noise figure of receiver is 5.2dB, the IIP3 is -14.5dBm at high gain setting. With the supply voltage of 1.8V, the over all power consummation is about 100mW. The chip area with pads is 2.6mm/spl times/2.5mm. |
15,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Influencing Factors about The Pulse Width of Coin-tap Response Based on Degree of Grey Relation, and key words: Correlation, Pulse measurements, Conferences, Nondestructive testing, Information technology, Standards, Testing. Abstract: Coin-tap detection technology is widely used in the field of composite material detection. It measures the health of the material by the pulse width of the coin-tap response signal. During the process of coin-tap detection, various parameters of the internal defects of the material will affect the pulse width of the coin-tap response signal, but the specific relationship between the defect parameters and the pulse width is not yet clear. In this paper, the gray correlation analysis method is used to comprehensively consider the influence of factors such as the size of the defect, the depth of the defect location, and the thickness of the material. The degree of grey relation between each defect parameter and the pulse width of the coin-tap response signal is obtained. The analysis results show that the material thickness has the most obvious influence on the pulse width. In practical applications, the judging criteria should be distinguished according to the thickness of the material, which provides a new direction for the standardized development of tapping detection technology. |
15,158 | Please write an abstract with title: How Interactive Video Games Helped Shape the Modern Computer World, and key words: Games, TV, Microcomputers, Industries, History, Graphics, Consumer electronics. Abstract: This paper briefly describes the development of “Brown Box” interactive video game console, developed by IEEE Fellow, Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award and Edison Medal, and National Medal of Technology recipient Ralph H. Baer, and its influence on the personal desktop computer. Baer not only changed the course of history with respect to the start of the modern video game industry, but he also – whether knowingly or not at that moment – helped to significantly shape the world of computers. |
15,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of Inverters for Grid-connected Operation Based on Phase Angle Droop, and key words: control of inverters for grid-connected operation, phase angle droop control, microgrid, distributed generation. Abstract: In off-grid operation of microgrids, phase angle droop control has been identified as an effective control method. But the control structure often requires significant changes when switching to grid-connected operation. In grid-connected operation, the distributed generation (DG) operates in parallel with the synchronous generators of the external grid. The inverters should participate in the frequency adjustment of the grid to achieve synchronous operation with the external grid. When frequency deviates from the standard value, the output power of the DGs is affected and cannot provide the preset power to the grid, so the control method of inverters should be adjusted accordingly. In this paper, a control method of inverters for grid-connected operation based on phase angle droop is proposed to deal with this problem. While retaining the phase angle droop control structure for grid connection, the inverters are made to participate in the frequency adjustment of the grid through the phase angle controller. If the frequency is shifted, the phase angle of coordinate transformation will be compensated accordingly to adjust the control signal of inverters and change the output power of the DGs to realize the differential-free regulation of active power. The pre-synchronization process is added in the process of off-grid connection to realize smooth switching and avoid the influence of grid-connected switching. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by example simulation. |
15,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Formulation Domain-Decomposition Finite-Element Method for Simulating Eddy-Current Testing, and key words: Finite element analysis, Computational efficiency, Ferrites, Testing, Computational modeling, Magnetic cores, Aluminum. Abstract: Simulation of eddy-current testing (ECT) with the scanning of a ferrite-core coil using the conventional finite-element method (FEM) requires re-meshing, as it uses one solution domain to cover all the conducting materials and magnetic materials, which is cumbersome and results in low computation efficiency. In this article, we present the hybrid formulation domain-decomposition FEM to resolve the problem. The solution domain is decomposed into two subdomains, and the test sample and the ferrite core are included in different subdomains. The subdomains are discretized separately, and the discretization is performed only once. The reduced magnetic vector potential formulation is used in the subdomain of the test sample, whereas the magnetic scalar potential formulation is used in the subdomain of the ferrite core. The proposed method is applied in simulating the ECT of the aluminum plates having through holes with or without defects, and the efficiency of the method is demonstrated. Finally, experimental validation is performed. |
15,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple-Trial/Best-Move Simulated Annealing for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling with Scarce Setup-Operators, and key words: Simulated annealing, Encoding, Sequential analysis, Production, Schedules, Job shop scheduling, Optimization. Abstract: In this paper, we developed a multi-trial/best-move simulated annealing for a dual resource-constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem (DRC-FJSP). The algorithm creates many neighborhood solutions at each iteration by perturbing the leading solution. Then, the best solution generated is compared with the current leading solution for probabilistic acceptance or rejection. The algorithm outperforms the classical simulated annealing in terms of convergence speed while solving the considered DRC-FJSP. Unlike many papers in DRC-FJSP, which assumed machine operators as scarce resources, we consider skilled setup operators as a constraining resource instead. This is because machine operators are becoming less constraining due to increased adoption of automation and numerical controlled machines. As a result, machine operators become machine tenders who do not require the skills to perform the step-by-step production process. Thus, the assumption of those low skill labors as constraining resources can no longer be justified. Skilled setup operators, on the other hand, continue to become constraining resources as their skill cannot be easily automated, particularly with the increased complexity of automation in manufacturing. |
15,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization and Analysis of Microchannels Under Complex Power Distribution in 3-D ICs, and key words: Microchannels, Integrated circuit modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Conductivity, Heating systems, Integrated circuits, Optimization. Abstract: Microchannel heat sinks can remove a large amount of heat in the three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D ICs), thereby effectively solving the heat accumulation problem of chips. Despite improving the heat dissipation performance of chips, unreasonable microchannel design will increase waste and cost. In this article, a model of equivalent thermal conductivity for microchannels is constructed based on the equivalent circuit method, and the temperature response of 3-D IC can be quickly solved. Furthermore, a power adaptive microchannel (PAMC) model based on the collaborative optimization of power distribution and structural parameters is proposed. The results show that the cooling efficiency of the PAMC model is increased by 12.6% compared with the conventional model, which can effectively solve the problem of excessively high peak temperature in the layer and save more space for other circuit designs. |
15,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Notes on the determination of R.M.S. values of load curves, and key words: Shape, Power generation, Jacobian matrices. Abstract: For load curves of simple shape, such as a triangle, a rectangle with superimposed triangle, and a trapezium with superimposed triangle, the R.M.S. value of the load can be rapidly evaluated by means of the formulae given below. |
15,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and implementation of a reference model between services and AI-assisted network, and key words: Content distribution networks, 5G mobile communication, Standardization, Communications technology, Servers, Internet of Things, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Several AI-assisted network researches were done from the network service providers point of view. However the reference model between service providers and network providers were not discussed. Therefore service providers did not use the merit of AI-assisted network. In this article, we described design and implementation of the reference model between AI-assisted network and services. In order to verify the effectiveness of this reference model, we implemented experimental AI-assisted network and content delivery network (CDN). In the experiment, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed reference model. Base on the result of this research, the standardization of the reference model is under study in ITU-T. |
15,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Characteristic Quantities for Determining the Moisture State of Oil-Impregnated Cellulose Insulation Using the Extended Debye Model, and key words: Insulation, Moisture, Dielectrics, Dielectric measurement, Insulators, Capacitance, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Despite the technical popularity of the dielectric response (DR) methods used for the nonintrusive diagnosis of the cellulose insulation condition, it is still considered a challenging and tough task so far to trustworthily interpret the details of the measurement results for further understanding and tracing the insulation changes behind. From a novel perspective of parametric study on the circuital DR equivalence of cellulosic insulation—extended Debye model (EDM), the new dielectric characteristic quantities and the quantification approach to determine the cellulosic moisture condition are investigated in the present study. First, a kind of tailor-made scale-down bushing model is prepared, with its cellulosic condenser body absorbing differently controlled quantities of water to simulate the dampness of real-life insulation, of which the frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS) is measured under controlled temperatures. Then, the EDM is employed for a parameterized study on the FDS details with the moisture changes, by identifying the model parameters against the FDS curves, whereby the two time-domain dielectric spectra—polarization/depolarization current and return voltage—are transferred from the FDS so that a set of hybrid time–frequency characteristic quantities is proposed, which is revealed to be indicative of the dampness variations of cellulosic insulation. Finally, the principal component analysis and the feature recognition algorithm based on minimum distance are applied to determine the moisture content of the condenser body, which verifies the holistic effectiveness of the proposed method. |
15,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Singular control test for optimal periodic control problems, and key words: Optimal control, Testing, Output feedback, Automatic control, Control systems, Linear systems, State feedback, MIMO, Adaptive control, Search methods. Abstract: The singular control test which is useful for determining if the optimal periodic control is superior to the optimal steady control is presented in its general form. Then the relation of the singular control test to the π-test which is known as a frequency domain approach is clarified. |
15,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Data exfiltration from sensor networks subject to delay, connectivity and frequency re-use constraints, and key words: Routing protocols, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Power control, Clustering algorithms, Energy efficiency, Delay, Radio frequency. Abstract: There has been extensive research on clustering techniques, routing protocols, sleep-mode protocols and adaptive power control algorithms for unattended ground-based sensor (UGS) networks. That previous work has mainly focused on energy-efficient operation and improved system lifetimes. This paper instead examines the problem of exfiltrating data from a large, self-forming UGS network via multiple, parallel SATCOM channels subject to the following operational and design constraints. The delay constraints for the bulk-data upload preclude the use of one central exfiltration point, so that a clusterhead based approach is required. However, the available RF spectrum requires the assignment of non-overlapping frequency/time-slot/code assignments to each pair of adjacent clusters. Results are presented based on both graph-theoretic and analytical approaches |
15,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Multimodal exploration of the fourth dimension, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Graphics, Probes, Plastics, Testing, Refining, Jitter, Feedback, Shape, Visualization. Abstract: We present a multimodal paradigm for exploring topological surfaces embedded in four dimensions; we exploit haptic methods in particular to overcome the intrinsic limitations of 3D graphics images and 3D physical models. The basic problem is that, just as 2D shadows of 3D curves lose structure where lines cross, 3D graphics projections of smooth 4D topological surfaces are interrupted where one surface intersects another. Furthermore, if one attempts to trace real knotted ropes or a plastic models of self-intersecting surfaces with a fingertip, one inevitably collides with parts of the physical artifact. In this work, we exploit the free motion of a computer-based haptic probe to support a continuous motion that follows the local continuity of the object being explored. For our principal test case of 4D-embedded surfaces projected to 3D, this permits us to follow the full local continuity of the surface as though in fact we were touching an actual 4D object. We exploit additional sensory cues to provide supplementary or redundant information. For example, we can use audio tags to note the relative 4D depth of illusory 3D surface intersections produced by projection from 4D, as well as providing automated refinement of the tactile exploration path to eliminate jitter and snagging, resulting in a much cleaner exploratory motion than a bare uncorrected motion. Visual enhancements provide still further improvement to the feedback: by opening a view-direction-defined cutaway into the interior of the 3D surface projection, we allow the viewer to keep the haptic probe continuously in view as it traverses any touchable part of the object. Finally, we extend the static tactile exploration framework using a dynamic mode that links each stylus motion to a change in orientation that creates at each instant a maximal-area screen projection of a neighborhood of the current point of interest. This minimizes 4D distortion and permits true metric sizes to be deduced locally at any point. All these methods combine to reveal the full richness of the complex spatial relationships of the target shapes, and to overcome many expected perceptual limitations in 4D visualization. |
15,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest EditorialUltra Wideband WDM Systems, and key words: Special issues and sections, Optical fibers, Optical fiber networks, Optical amplifiers, Fiber nonlinear optics, Ultra wideband technology, Wideband, Wavelength division multiplexing. Abstract: The papers in this special section focuses on ultrawideband wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Applications such as video streaming and cloud computing became part of our daily life. With others, they are considerably contributing to generate the enormous amount of data that is nowadays transmitted over the global optical backbone. The topics range from network operators perspective to components design and numerical analysis. The first two manuscripts discusses the optimization and challenges of systems where C and L-band are employed for transmission. |
15,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Implementation of Galois Field Fixed Field Constant Multiplication, and key words: Galois fields, Microprocessors, NIST, Cryptography, Data security, Intellectual property, Instruction sets, Acceleration, Hardware, Performance analysis. Abstract: Efficient implementation of block ciphers is critical towards achieving both high security and high speed processing. Numerous block ciphers have been proposed and implemented, using a wide and varied range of functional operations. Existing microprocessor architectures do not provide this broad range of support. However, the advent of intellectual property (IP) microprocessor cores presents the opportunity to augment existing datapaths and instruction sets to add acceleration modules. Therefore, we present a hardware architecture that achieves efficient implementation of generalized Galois field fixed field constant multiplication, a core operation of Rijndael, chosen by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the advanced encryption standard (AES) advanced encryption algorithm in October of 2000. A detailed discussion of the architecture is provided and an analysis of system performance and resource utilization is performed to demonstrate the efficiency versus other implementations |
15,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the transient problem integration in vicinity of resonance, and key words: Damping, Acceleration, Harmonic analysis, Vibrations, Computers, Standards, Frequency control. Abstract: The transient response is analyzed in order to evaluate numerical sensitivity in vicinity of resonance in selected case studies. The problems with known analytical solution are used as benchmarks to evaluate behavior of a number of numerical methods of interest. Especially, we are dealing with effects of numerical damping. |
15,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Fuzzy Automaton’s Event Transition Matrix When Post-Event State Is Unknown, and key words: Learning automata, Fuzzy sets, Medical services, Mathematical model, Machine learning, Automata, Discrete-event systems. Abstract: Compared to other system modeling techniques, the fuzzy discrete event systems (FDESs) methodology has the unique capability of modeling a class of event-driven systems as fuzzy automata with ambiguous state and event-invoked state transition. In two recent papers, we developed algorithms for online-supervised learning of the fuzzy automaton’s event transition matrix using fuzzy states before and after the occurrence of fuzzy events. The post-event state was assumed to be readily available while the pre-event state was either directly available or estimatable through learning. This article is focused on algorithm development for learning the transition matrix in a different setting—when the pre-event state is available but the post-event state is not. We suppose the post-event state is described by a fuzzy set that is linked to a (physical) variable whose value is available. Stochastic-gradient-descent-based algorithms are developed that can learn the transition matrix plus the parameters of the fuzzy sets when the fuzzy sets are of the Gaussian type. Computer simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical development. |
15,173 | Please write an abstract with title: An optimal configuration method of voltage sag monitoring points considering monitoring redundancy, and key words: Voltage fluctuations, Redundancy, Power quality, Distribution networks, Diamond, Resource management, Observability. Abstract: In order to make full use of the redundant information of voltage sag monitoring devices and form a unified configuration scheme selection sequence, an optimal configuration method of voltage sag monitoring devices considering the monitoring redundancy is proposed. Based on the observability matrix of the system, a multi-objective optimization model that satisfies the observable sag state of the entire network is established. The model takes the minimum number of monitoring devices and the maximum average redundancy as the objective functions, and it is solved by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm -II(NSGA-II). The obtained results have a small number of monitoring devices, a large average redundancy and a unique optimal configuration scheme. The proposed method is proved to be correct and effective by simulating a newly constructed diamond distribution network in a certain area of Shanghai. |
15,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Dimensionality of Hyperspectral Data: Use of Multiple Hypothesis Testing for Controlling Type-I Error, and key words: Hyperspectral imaging, Testing, Estimation, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Hybrid fiber coaxial cables. Abstract: Estimating the number of materials present in a scene is the fundamental step in many hyperspectral remote sensing applications. The virtual dimensionality (VD) estimates the number of spectrally distinct materials in the hyperspectral data. The VD is generally considered as the number of signal sources under binary hypothesis, based on the Neyman-Pearson detection criteria. We observe that the hypothesis testing procedure used in many approaches is prone to inflated Type-I (false positive) error. This is due to carrying out the binary hypothesis test individually on each band image, i.e., more than 200 images in hyperspectral data. In this article, we propose multiple hypothesis testing to control the expected proportion of falsely rejected null hypotheses, i.e., false discovery rate (FDR), and in turn, improve the probability of better performance in estimating the VD. To this end, we employ Benjamini and Hochberg procedure that controls the FDR. We provide multiple hypothesis testing-based algorithms to estimate VD wherein the hypothesis can be formulated according to eigenanalysis, the target specified by statistical approach, and by geometric analysis. The efficacies of the proposed algorithms are evaluated by estimating the number of endmembers for the spectral unmixing application. We conduct experiments on four synthetic hyperspectral data sets at different noise levels as well as on two well-known real hyperspectral datasets. Time complexity and execution time are discussed to study the algorithmic aspects while sensitivity analyses of parameters are carried out for better performance analysis of the proposed approach. We found that the use of multiple hypothesis testing improves estimation of number of endmembers in hyperspectral data. |
15,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling the finite amplitude electroconvection in cylindrical geometry: characterization of chaos, and key words: Solid modeling, Geometry, Chaos, Navier-Stokes equations, Poisson equations, Electrodes, Stability, Charge carriers, Dielectric liquids, Voltage. Abstract: The long-standing problem of finite amplitude electroconvection in insulating liquids subjected to unipolar injection is now addressed in cylindrical geometry. The geometrical pattern appearing first in experiments above the stability threshold corresponds to hexagonal convective cells. The cylindrical geometry is chosen as a mathematically tractable approximation to the hexagonal cells. An axially symmetric convection cell is considered, with free-slip conditions on the lateral walls of the cell. The velocity field is assumed to be self-similar, and axial symmetry allows to derive it from a stream function. Finite amplitude electroconvection is analyzed by using the particle type method previously developed. The linear and non-linear criteria for instability are computed. The velocity amplitude is always time-dependent and chaotic. We computed the Lyapunov exponent for the time series obtained from the simulation. |
15,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodology for the Development of an Ontology based E-Learning Platform, and key words: e-Learning, Adaptive Lesson Plans, Knowledge Representation, Ontology, Concept and Context graph. Abstract: E-learning platform can be effectively used if it is based on the ontology of learning, training and agents that has been used to design online Learning platforms. For e-Learning applications, an ontology is required that displays domain concepts, context, and data is used to display and store the knowledge and the design of smart lessons. Based on the credentials passed for the level of the lesson plans and constructs a conceptual chart and a contextual chart, the training officer critically evaluates each trainee. This is adapted by browsing the graph, to adjust the level, context, knowledge and context of the trainee dynamically, based on the answers and for bridging the gaps which are there between the expected and actual skill set. The same will illustrated under this study with the proposed methodology and an example of “project management course” that is adaptable and customizable in any departments. |
15,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Preparation and NO/sub 2/ gas properties of layer-by-layer alternate films of copper phthalocyanine derivatives, and key words: Copper, Substrates, Gas detectors, Fabrication, Conducting materials, Chemistry, Absorption, Ellipsometry, Gold, Electrodes. Abstract: Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) alternate layer-by-layer (LbL) films were fabricated and the electrical properties due to NO/sub 2/ gas adsorption were investigated. Water-soluble CuPc, that is, cationic Alcian blue, pyridine variant (AB) and anionic copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4",4'"-tetrasulfonic acid, tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) were used for the fabrication of the alternate LbL films. UV-visible absorption and ellipsometry measurements were carried out and successive depositions of the CuPc alternate LbL films were confirmed. The average thicknesses of the AB and CuPcTs monolayers were estimated to be about 0.7 and 0.4 nm, respectively. The fundamental electrical properties were investigated for the CuPc alternate LbL films with Au gap electrodes and the properties in the direction parallel to the surfaces of the LbL films were investigated. The response to NO/sub 2/ gas was also measured and the large increase of conduction currents due to NO/sub 2/ gas adsorption was observed. The magnitude of the conduction current after 30 min exposure to 100 ppm NO/sub 2/ gas was 10/sup 3/-10/sup 4/ times larger than that in N/sub 2/ gas. Fast response was observed for the thin LbL films. |
15,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward an Epistemic Continuity Anchored in the Cultural Sciences, and key words: Cultural differences, Big Data, Law, Ethics, Reflection, Production, Economics. Abstract: This chapter examines different research projects in cultural sciences and shows the theoretical and practical difficulties of historically constituted cultural sciences in appropriating digital objects. It looks at how cultural sciences are mobilizing digital technology, on the one hand, and its traces or data, on the other hand. The digital humanities are usually described as a project relating to the articulation between the humanities and digital technology, both understood in a very broad sense. Field‐based disciplines and corpus‐based disciplines articulate different modes of access to reality, distinctly transformed by digital technology. The statistical analysis of textual data combines the theoretical and methodological framework of the cultural sciences with the ability to mobilize numerical data and computational processing tools. In analyzing the place given to digital and traces in the cultural sciences, the chapter establishes that no research project proposes a complete epistemic continuity between digital footprints, tools and methods and the conceptual framework. |
15,179 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient method for Voltage Quality improvement in Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter, and key words: Total harmonic distortion, Power engineering, Simulation, Modulation, Switches, Harmonic analysis, Multilevel inverters. Abstract: Multilevel inverter are becoming more and more popular as they have advantages of modularity, less harmonic contents and can withstand higher voltages. However, conventional multilevel inverter topology like cascaded H-bridge inverter, required a large number of DC sources, switches and driver circuit as number of level in output voltage increases. To address this issue, numerous asymmetrical topologies have been invented with less count of components. But, total harmonic distortion specially low order harmonics are still an issue that has not been addressed. In this paper a new idea employing selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique has been exhibited to diminish the low order harmonics and maintain the fundamental output voltage at desired level. Switching angles for controlling the power electronic switches has been calculated using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed method has been verified by simulation of 15-level asymmetrical inverter. Analytical and simulation results gave a promising nature for the performance ofproposed method. |
15,180 | Please write an abstract with title: Transition between position-matching control and rhythm-matching control in hand tracking task is explained by a phase model for hand motion, and key words: Motion control, Target tracking, Delay, Frequency, Communication system control, Humans, Nonlinear equations, Feedforward systems, Computer displays, Information systems. Abstract: We recently reported a transitional behavior between position-matching control and rhythm-matching control in human hand tracking task. In this paper we present a phase model which successfully explains the transitional behavior. The present model is derived from a delayed feed-forward model which we recently proposed to understand proactive human percepto-motor control. The present model not only reproduced the systematic phase-lead of the hand-motion with respect to the target-motion in a finite frequency range but also the transition in the tracking modes from position-matching to rhythm-matching at a critical frequency of the target-motion experimentally observed in human hand tracking tasks. |
15,181 | Please write an abstract with title: RMCNet: Random Multiscale Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Convolution, Dimensionality reduction, Principal component analysis, Kernel, Training, Hyperspectral sensors. Abstract: To address the limitation of the high-dimensionality features and single spatial scale in the spectral–spatial classification of hyperspectral image (HSI), we propose a random multiscale convolutional network (RMCNet) that combines a multiscale dimensionality reduction module (MDRM) and the RMCNet for improving classification accuracy. The MDRM is based on multiscale superpixel segmentations, which implements dimensionality reduction leading to relieve the Hughes problem and reduce the computation burden in deep learning. Then, the multiscale spectral–spatial features are extracted by the RMCNet to adaptive various complex scenes in HSI. Finally, the multiscale spectral–spatial features act as inputs of support vector machine for classification. In the experiments, three benchmark HSIs are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the RMCNet can yield a competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods. |
15,182 | Please write an abstract with title: PMSM Torque Ripple Minimization Based on Novel Low Carrier Ratio PWM Technique, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Switches, Torque measurement, Nonlinear equations, Switching frequency, Space vector pulse width modulation, Inverters. Abstract: Harmonic injection is commonly used in permanent magnet synchronous motor torque ripple minimization (TRM) of electric vehicle. Traditional inverter switching frequency limits TRM application at high speed due to harmonic modulation accuracy and inverter loss. To achieve TRM in the whole speed range and reduce inverter loss, a novel online calculated low carrier ratio pulsewidth modulation (LCRPWM) is proposed in this article. The carrier ratio determining regular according to the injected harmonics is established first. The relationship between injected harmonics and LCRPWM switching angle is revealed and a set of nonlinear equations is established. Thus, the problem is transformed from solving nonlinear equations into optimization by establishing a cost function. The analytical solutions of nonlinear equations are obtained, which avoids iterative operation and plunging into local minimum. Therefore, the switch angle solution method is suitable for online calculation. The LCRPWM is verified in simulation compared with the traditional regularly sampled space vector PWM, which achieves better results in voltage harmonic injection and flux tracking at a much lower switching frequency. At last, the LCRPWM is used in a test bench experiment that shows good TRM effects. The influence of sideband harmonics on torque ripple is analyzed. |
15,183 | Please write an abstract with title: An UAV-Based Polarimetric Antenna Measurements for Radar and Communication Systems from 3 GHz to 32 GHz, and key words: Antenna measurements, Temperature measurement, Rain, Communication systems, Radar measurements, Transmitting antennas, Metrology. Abstract: In this paper, an UAV in-situ metrology concept to characterize antennas in the the far-field region, is presented. The proposed system is implemented with a quad-ridged horn as a probe and a transmitter mounted on a commercial hexacopter platform. The system was fully characterized and tested in an indoor far-field chamber to evaluate the impact of the scattering from the UAV platform on performance of the antenna probe in the transmit mode. Depending on the polarization, plane of incidence, and frequency of operation, the electromagnetic scattering of the UAV platform induces ±0.2 dB ripples in the co-polar patterns and less than 2 dB cross-polarization deterioration across the half-power beamwidth (HPBW). |
15,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Calculation of Dyadic Green's Function in the RBFNN-Based Layered Media, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Nonhomogeneous media, Numerical models, Feedforward neural networks, Green's function methods, Oscillators. Abstract: The Dyadic Green's function, in general, is comprised of spectral Dyadic Green's functions and Sommerfeld integral. Since the integral featuring high-frequency oscillation and slow decay may lead to a time-consuming calculation process. With optimal approximation and global optimum characteristics that cannot be found in other feedforward neural networks, the RBF neural network is adopted in this paper to solve the dyadic Green function. By doing so, the efficiency of solving Dyadic Green's functions can be enhanced thanks to its simple structure and fast training speed. According to the numerical results, the calculation scheme proposed in this paper is proved to be feasible. |
15,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Spoken Indian Language Identification using MFCC and Vowel Onset Points, and key words: Language Identification, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Vowel Onset Point (VOP), Language processing, Speech, Random Forest (RF), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Abstract: Conversation between individuals encompasses information on the speakers, languages, and contents. By taking the language-specific information out of the speech, the language of the utterance can be efficiently ascertained. Language Identification, or LID is the approach aimed at identifying spoken language. Speech recognition, speech translation, and voice-activated automatic systems all reap the benefits of having the knack to identify languages from speech. The LID system may be paramount for recognizing speakers since it can narrow down the search field by identifying languages. The Random Forest (RF) classification methodology has been implemented in this research to put forward an approach for language identification that relies on Vowel Onset Points (VOPs) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) characteristics. Vocal tract features comprise VOP and MFCC. Language and speaker-related information are included in the VOP and MFCC characteristics extracted from spoken words that are spoken. Extraction of language-specific characteristics is a prerequisite for language identification. Therefore, the combination of these characteristics surpasses each one separately. The database of multilingual clean speech signals (Hindi, Assamese, and Malayalam) that was received from the IITKGP dataset has been the subject of the experiment. A random selection of 835 voice signals from the aforementioned database has been employed in the proposed model. Eighty percent of the 835 speech samples were utilized for training, while twenty percent from the same dataset were used to assess the suggested models. MFFCs characteristics and combined features are used to evaluate language models. When compared to taking MFFC features one at a time, experiments that employ both features concurrently get more accurate outcomes. Additionally, we compare the performance of the random forest and K nearest neighbor classifiers in the same convolved file. The proposed method incorporates an amalgam of the same features and a random forest model is used to increase language identification accuracy to 84.1% while the KNN gives only 71.9% accuracy. |
15,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Force and Vibration Study of Dual-Stator Consequent-Pole Hybrid Excitation Motor for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Vibrations, Windings, Harmonic analysis, Rotors, Force, Reluctance motors, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: This paper investigates the electromagnetic force and vibration characteristics of a dual-stator consequent-pole hybrid excitation (DSCPHE) motor for electric vehicles. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of the DSCPHE motor are introduced. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial harmonic characteristics of airgap flux and electromagnetic force are derived and analyzed theoretically. The influences of circumferential-segmented winding, consequent-pole rotor, and excitation modes on radial force harmonics are investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). The vibration behaviors of the DSCPHE motor are investigated by the multi-physics FEA model based on mode superposition method. The radial force harmonics that dominate the motor vibration are analyzed. Finally, the DSCPHE motor prototype is built and tested. The motor vibration behaviors are experimentally measured and compared with an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to validate the theoretical results. This work will contribute to the vibration suppression and optimization of the DSCPHE motor. |
15,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Restore Performance for In-Line Backup System Combining Deduplication and Delta Compression, and key words: Containers, Acceleration, Computer science, Indexes, Measurement, Data storage systems, Redundancy. Abstract: Data deduplication, though being efficient in removing duplicate chunks, introduces chunk fragmentation which decreases restore performance. Rewriting algorithms are proposed to reduce the chunk fragmentation. Delta compression is often used as a complement for data deduplication to further improve storage efficiency. We observe that delta compression introduces a new type of chunk fragmentation stemming from improper delta compression for chunks of which the base chunks are fragmented. The new type of chunk fragmentation severely decreases restore performance and cannot be addressed by existing rewriting algorithms. To address this problem, we propose SDC, a scheme performing post-deduplication delta compression only for the chunks of which the bases can be directly found in the restore cache to eliminate additional disk reads for base chunks, thus avoiding the new type of chunk fragmentation. In addition, self-referenced chunks can be fragmented, which decrease restore performance, and these fragmented chunks can serve as bases to decrease the restore performance repeatedly. We propose a hybrid rewriting scheme for SDC to rewrite such fragmented chunks. Experimental results show that SDC improves the restore performance of the approach that directly performs delta compression after data deduplication by 2.9-16.9x, and achieves more than 95 percent of its compression gains. |
15,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Photonic Measurement of Microwave Backscattering Characteristics, and key words: Microwave measurement, Solid modeling, Electromagnetic scattering, Microwave theory and techniques, Three-dimensional printing, Frequency measurement, Noise measurement. Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel photonic measurement technique of scaled microwave structures using Near Infrared (NIR) light and a coherent optical receiver. It enables rapid and faithful microwave scattering measurements of complex and large electromagnetic structures. |
15,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Generic path planning for real-time applications, and key words: Path planning, Application software, Approximation error, Cost function, Computer graphics, Layout, Shortest path problem. Abstract: We present a fast and robust path planning algorithm for generic static terrains with polygonal obstacles. Our algorithm finds shorter, and therefore more intuitive paths than a traditional A/sup */ approach with a similar underlying graph. The presented algorithm is derived from A/sup */ and is modified to circumvent undecidable situations and unintuitive results. Additionally, we present two post-processing steps to enhance the quality and visual appearance of the resulting paths. The first method minimizes the number of waypoints in a path while the second method takes the slope of the terrain into account in order to generate visually more pleasing paths. We show that our algorithm is fast and, therefore, well suited for realtime applications, such as games or virtual environments. |
15,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Rank-One Prior: Real-Time Scene Recovery, and key words: Image color analysis, Image enhancement, Imaging, Image restoration, Scattering, Learning systems, Attenuation. Abstract: Scene recovery is a fundamental imaging task with several practical applications, including video surveillance and autonomous vehicles, etc. In this article, we provide a new real-time scene recovery framework to restore degraded images under different weather/imaging conditions, such as underwater, sand dust and haze. A degraded image can actually be seen as a superimposition of a clear image with the same color imaging environment (underwater, sand or haze, etc.). Mathematically, we can introduce a rank-one matrix to characterize this phenomenon, i.e., rank-one prior (ROP). Using the prior, a direct method with the complexity $O(N)$ is derived for real-time recovery. For general cases, we develop ROP$^+$ to further improve the recovery performance. Comprehensive experiments of the scene recovery illustrate that our method outperforms competitively several state-of-the-art imaging methods in terms of efficiency and robustness. |
15,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Design of PVDF Planar Hydrophone based on Composite Backing, and key words: Sonar equipment, Sensitivity, Composite materials, Acoustics, Analytical models, Nonhomogeneous media, Metals. Abstract: In this paper, a PVDF planar hydrophone based on low-density composite backing is proposed. Based on the theoretical modeling of PVDF planar hydrophone with multi-layer composite as backing, the effects of laying order, laying direction and laying thickness of multi-layer composite on the response of hydrophone are analyzed. The modeling method of multi-layer composite materials is given. In addition, the receiving performance of PVDF hydrophone with metal backing and composite backing is compared and analyzed. |
15,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Product safety-"designing for compliance" a development system for 1/sup st/ time success, and key words: Product safety, Product design, Circuits, Design engineering, Power engineering and energy, Hazards, Product development, Costs, Production, Protection. Abstract: For many companies, product safety compliance is an afterthought-once the product has been designed for functional excellence, a compliance engineer tries to retrofit the requirements to the new product. This "band-aid" approach to compliance can cause dramatic increases in product development costs and significant time-to-market delays. "Designing for compliance" is a process that incorporates product safety design principles at all stages of product development. From product concept, through on-going production, and continuing into future engineering change orders. By using this systematic approach to product safety, product developers can design products faster and at a lower cost. |
15,193 | Please write an abstract with title: A note on stability and lattice filter relations, and key words: Stability, Lattices, Filters, Polynomials, Testing, Marine vehicles, Reflection, Computer science, Australia, Acoustics. Abstract: In this note we draw attention to an earlier result by Marden [2] for establishing the stability of linear discrete-time systems. The stability algorithm then provides a simple constructive realization of stable filters in lattice form. The class of unstable filters which cannot be represented in lattice form is also partially characterized. |
15,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Reset and partition noise in active pixel image sensors, and key words: Charge coupled image sensors, Semiconductor device modeling, Transient analysis, Circuit noise. Abstract: Partition noise appears in conjunction with reset noise at the integration node of active pixel sensor architectures. This brief presents the modeling and measurement of partition noise based on an improved technique for charge profile estimation in the transistor channel at any given time instant. Transistor turn off transients are integrated into the model by taking into account both drift and diffusion components of current. Using the predictions of charge profile, partition noise generated during the transistor reset operation is accurately determined and verified with measured data. |
15,195 | Please write an abstract with title: PVT Tolerant Zero Bit-Error-Rate Physical Unclonable Function Exploiting Hot Carrier Injection Aging in 7nm FinFET Technology, and key words: Resistance, Human computer interaction, Hot carrier injection, Physical unclonable function, FinFETs, Random processes, Manufacturing. Abstract: Integrated circuit security applications often require a unique ID on each die that can be read reliably over the lifetime of the product [1]. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are low-cost cryptographic primitives used to generate unique, stable, and secure IDs for device authentication and secure communication [2] [3]. PUFs rely on random process variations inherent in the manufacturing flow making it impossible to predict, or clone chip IDs, providing a high level of security and tamper resistance [1]. 1kb PUF arrays are fabricated in Intel's 7nm FinFET technology featuring (i) a hybrid-SRAM based PUF [1] [2] and (ii) a new NFET only PUF with a novel stress operation exploiting Hot Carrier Injection (HCI). |
15,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine intelligence of a mobile manipulator to utilize dynamically interfered motion and nonlinear friction, and key words: Machine intelligence, Manipulator dynamics, Intelligent robots, Artificial intelligence, Interference, Robot sensing systems, Humans, Friction, Genetic algorithms, Floors. Abstract: Dynamical interferences have been thought that they should be erased to improve control accuracy. However it may be possible to improve the performance of total motion using the interferences. We propose a method to acquire a kind of machine intelligence to utilize dynamically interfered motion. The machine intelligence is defined here as an ability that the machine can find by itself a way to use dynamical interferences and nonlinear friction to obtain a desired motion. We propose a strategy of how a machine uses the effects of the dynamical interferences, and how it acquires the way to achieve an objective motion. The desired motion is traveling of a 1-link mobile manipulator by using interfering motion of the mounted link, which does not possess driving motors nor brakes. The proposed method is composed of functions to give the machine sample motions using Fourier series and to improve the Fourier coefficients by evaluating the motion results based on a function used in a genetic algorithm as a fitness function. Further, an ability to avoid collisions between the mounted manipulator and the floor is added to the traveling ability to confirm that the proposed method could be adapted to many objectives. We confirmed by simulations and real experiments that the mobile manipulator could find effective motion that makes it travel forward without colliding against the floor. |
15,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Comprehensive Study of Diabetes Miletus Prediction Using Different Classification Algorithms, and key words: Diabetes, Classification algorithms, Data mining, Artificial neural networks, Decision trees, Support vector machines, Predictive models. Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease. It has been rising more rapidly in middle- and low-income countries. World Health Organization (WHO) [1] estimates that diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2016. In this paper a database concerning this disease where discussed and implemented by data mining techniques. Data mining techniques used to help the prediction of DM. It makes the prediction process faster, cheaper and more accurate for the benefit of both physicians and patients. In this paper, wellknown data mining algorithms explored to achieve DM prediction. The performance of these algorithms was evaluated and discussed using Orange Data Mining tool. The performance evaluation executed using two metrics: the recall and the precision; applied to each discussed classification algorithm. The studied classification algorithms are Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours, Artificial Neural Network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression. |
15,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Latent Representation Learning and Manipulation for Privacy-Preserving Sensor Data Analytics, and key words: Training, Representation learning, Deep learning, Privacy, Data privacy, Data analysis, Neural networks. Abstract: The rapid deployment of sensor systems in homes and work environments, and new applications of machine learning at the edge have posed an enormous and unprecedented threat to privacy. In this paper we investigate the ability of existing deep neural network models trained in an adversarial fashion to enhance privacy without sacrificing data utility, and propose a re-identification attack that could effectively hinder them from hiding private data. This highlights an important problem with anonymization techniques that rely on adversarial training. To address this problem, we perform deterministic and probabilistic arithmetic operations in the learned latent variable space of a variational autoencoder and show empirically that it makes the anonymized data less susceptible to the proposed re-identification attack. Our experiments on a Human Activity Recognition data set confirm that the proposed deterministic manipulation of the latent variables outperforms the state-of-the-art anonymizing autoencoders, reducing the accuracy of a gender identification model by an additional 16% without noticeably affecting the accuracy of the activity recognition model. Moreover, the accuracy of the gender re-identification model is further reduced by 16.25% on average thanks to the proposed probabilistic manipulation. |
15,199 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy sources selection for sustainable energy planning using fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making approach: Tunisia Case Study, and key words: Economics, Sensitivity analysis, Decision making, Measurement techniques, Linear programming, Planning, Sustainable development. Abstract: Each energy user plays an important role in the development of energy policy. The main objective of the work was to propose a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making (FMCGDM) approach to evaluate and prioritize energy sources in Tunisia from the perspective of various sectors. The target of this paper is to compare the various sustainability measurement techniques and their characteristics using evaluation criteria according to sensitivity analysis. |
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