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16,400 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio Resource Management for C-V2X Using Graph Matching and Actor–Critic Learning, and key words: Channel allocation, Power control, Interference, Resource management, Optimization, Signal to noise ratio, Wireless communication. Abstract: We propose a hybrid centralized-distributed radio resource management (RRM) scheme for cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), which is to mitigate the interference caused by radio resource sharing between vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links. Specifically, it contains two decoupled aspects: centralized channel allocation and distributed power control. The former is conducted by graph matching to decide spectrum sharing strategy; the latter is performed via actor-critic learning, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based algorithm, to increase the total system capacity. Finally, the proposed scheme is numerically evaluated and outperforms other deep Q-network (DQN)-based schemes in terms of the system capacity. |
16,401 | Please write an abstract with title: Measured analysis of TCP behavior across multihop wireless and wired networks, and key words: Spread spectrum communication, Ad hoc networks, IP networks, Databases, Wireless networks, Throughput, Wireless LAN, Internet, Bandwidth, Transport protocols. Abstract: Emerging wireless ad-hoc networks find their most important applications in untethered, mobile, multihop scenarios where there is no wired infrastructure. Yet, when the wired infrastructure (say, the Internet) is within reach, opportunistic connections to Internet sites may be established across the multihop network to transfer files and update databases. These file transfers use TCP for reliability and congestion control. Many believe that TCP should not be used in ad-hoc network due to it's inability to adapt to the high loss environment, but we believe that TCP will always have a part to play in wireless network in one form or another; studying the behavior of TCP will provide the direction for that adaptation. Recent experiments with ad-hoc, multihop 802.11 networks have exposed serious instabilities when TCP connections span both wired and wireless domains. In particular, some TCP connections capture the wireless channel and drive the throughput on other connections virtually to zero. This is most surprising in view of the fact that connections between 802.11 (single hop) wireless LAN stations and the Internet are well behaved, stable and fair. The problem of the unfairness compounds further when TCP connections have to share the bandwidth with in multihop ad-hoc network. In this paper, we present the issues regarding the wireless transport protocols by experimentally analyzing TCP performance. |
16,402 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Error-Injected Solution for Compensation of Current Measurement Errors in PMSM Drive, and key words: Current measurement, Steady-state, Harmonic analysis, Mathematical models, Measurement errors, Permanent magnet motors, Measurement uncertainty. Abstract: Current measurement errors including offset error and scaling error can generate asymmetric phase currents and first- and second-order harmonics in motor steady-state torque/speed. In this article, a novel method using artificial error injection is proposed to calculate and compensate for the offset error and scaling error in permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. The artificial errors are injected to introduce additional equations for the calculation of current measurement errors because of the problem of rank deficiency existing in the equation about the offset/scaling error and the first/second-order harmonic magnitude. In order to guarantee the calculation accuracy of the offset error and scaling error, the cascade multiple second-order generalized integrators (cascade-multi-SOGIs) are employed to extract the magnitudes of the first- and second-order harmonics in steady-state speed error under different error injections. The method does not require the values of motor parameters, and it can be used either as part of an initial debugging or start-up program, or periodically during the regular operation of the motor. The experiments can verify its validity and practicability. |
16,403 | Please write an abstract with title: A reduced-order robust observer using nonlinear parameter estimation for induction motors, and key words: Robustness, Parameter estimation, Induction motors, Stators, Observers, Induction machines, Magnetic flux, Saturation magnetization, Sliding mode control, Electronic mail. Abstract: This paper presents an original approach for the design of a robust observer for a fifth order model of induction motors (IM), defined by a linear system with polytopic representation and linear parameter variation (LPV), to reconstruct the non measurable state variables and mainly the rotor flux. This approach is based on the notion of robust detectability and the using of the linear matrix inequality (LMI) tools to calculate the gain of the polytopic reduced-order robust observer, and the identification online of the variable parameter (the rotor time constant) using a special nonlinear observer. The dynamical performances of the proposed observer is then analyzed and compared. |
16,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Silicon nano-photonics: where the photons meet the electrons, and key words: Silicon, Electrons, Photonic crystals, Software design, Optical modulation, Inverse problems, Algorithm design and analysis, Genetic algorithms, Simulated annealing, Integrated optics. Abstract: It has become apparent that silicon technology can provide many of the requirements for nanophotonic integration, including many of the common discrete optoelectronic components. Some of these components are based on photonic crystal designs, but generally electromagnetic design becomes the main research requirement in nano-photonics. The question has always been what is the exact structure that should be fabricated? The era of purely intuitive design may be obsolete. We must now concentrate more on design software, rational design, and the numerical solution of inverse problems. There are a number of inverse algorithms, including genetic algorithms, the error-propagation method, and simulated annealing that can contribute to future progress in nanophotonic design. |
16,405 | Please write an abstract with title: Research directions on model-based metamorphic testing and verification, and key words: Software testing, Object oriented modeling, Application software, Computer applications, Partial differential equations, Debugging, IEEE Computer Society Press, Computer science, Embedded software, Mathematical model. Abstract: Model-based software testing generally refers to test case selection and result evaluation based on a behavioral model of the target software. It may not, however, be possible to evaluate test results in some situations. For embedded software in a real-time environment, for instance, the results may only appear in a fraction of a second and cannot be observed by the tester. In this paper, we discuss the research opportunities for such situations despite the challenges. |
16,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust deadlock avoidance policy for automated manufacturing system with multiple unreliable resources, and key words: Automata, System recovery, Manufacturing systems, Reliability, Robust control, Petri nets, Zinc. Abstract: This work studies the robust deadlock control of automated manufacturing systems with multiple unreliable resources. Our goal is to ensure the continuous production of the jobs that only require reliable resources. To reach this goal, we propose a new modified Banker’s algorithm ( MBA ) to ensure that all resources required by these jobs can be freed. Moreover, a Petri net based deadlock avoidance policy ( DAP ) is introduced to ensure that all jobs remaining in the system after executing the new MBA can complete their processing smoothly when their required unreliable resources are operational. The new MBA together with the DAP forms a new DAP that is robust to the failures of unreliable resources. Owing to the high permissiveness of the new MBA and the optimality of the DAP, it is tested to be more permissive than state-of-the-art control policies. |
16,407 | Please write an abstract with title: System model for ship hull motions and deformations determining in the sailing conditions, and key words: Deformable models, Marine vehicles, Goniometers, Buildings, Navigation, Tensile stress, Stress control, Information technology, Europe, Electronic mail. Abstract: The system model considers the ship hull in general position that includes trim and heel conditions, and general shape of deformation consisting of bending in inclined longitudinal vertical plane, bending in inclined longitudinal horizontal plane and torsion with inclined position. The measuring points scanned angles of bending in the main bending planes are corrected due to transversal inclination of measuring points and vice versa. The paper considers the system for the measuring of inclination angles on the ship hull measuring points. The measuring points consist of three digital inclinometers operating together that measure inclination angles in longitudinal vertical plane (xz), plane parallel to longitudinal horizontal plane (xy) as well as in transversal vertical planes. The system consists of measuring points which are placed at the deck connection of transversal and longitudinal bulkheads or transversal bulkhead and sheer strake. The paper describes use of measured and calculated angles of inclinations. This paper is also the base upon which it is possible to organize the real system of ship hull deformations and motions monitoring in service and sailing conditions. |
16,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Optimization of Electric Traction UAVs, and key words: UAV, optimization algorithm, brushless outrunner, propeller. Abstract: In today's context, drones are getting ever more popular. The advantages of operating such devices are evident due to the need for cutting down on polluting gas emissions, to which the use of electric traction UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are a viable solution. From this point of view, the present paper proposes an optimization algorithm for designing electric traction UAVs. Making use of a database containing the specifications of a number of 24 brushless engines, and taking into account the operating requirements such as the useful load, flight time, etc., the proposed algorithm, together with the software application, is the optimal construction solution for the project design. |
16,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Waveguide Modes Via an Integral Equation Leading to a Linear Matrix Eigenvalue Problem (Correction), and key words: Integral equations, Transmission line matrix methods, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Microstrip, Impedance measurement, Impedance matching, Microwave theory and techniques, Q measurement, Electrostatics, Transmission line theory. Abstract: After having examined the above paper, we noticed that the symbol of principal value in integral is inappropriate. In fact, integral can represent the field on sigma only in the limit as the observation point approaches sigma. This oversight, however, does not affect the theory at all. |
16,410 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion analysis in handball - a review, and key words: Motion analysis, Biomechanics, Injuries, Processor scheduling, Heart rate, Statistical analysis, Performance analysis, Cardiology, Delay effects, Muscles. Abstract: The presentation gives a short overview on the available computer- and video-analysis systems in team sports in the fields of biomechanics, for the determination of the muscular status of a player, for the planning of training and analysis of competition, for the technical and tactical analysis of a match, as well as for the determination of the physiological demands like run distances, velocities, and sports specific movements. We give some examples of the combined analysis of heart rates and run distances and velocities in female top level handball teams. We furthermore summarize the needs and information that should be available for a trainer in order to optimize and individualize training and performance during competition. |
16,411 | Please write an abstract with title: Occlusion Handling Based on Motion Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking, and key words: Computer vision, Target tracking, Motion estimation, Conferences, Classification algorithms, Trajectory, Object tracking. Abstract: Although current computer vision-based object tracking has achieved excellent results in various rankings, the completeness and accuracy of the tracking trajectory are unsatisfactory when the objects are occluded. Moreover, object tracking in computer vision associates the objects before and after the occlusion by their appearance features yet lacks an accurate representation of the object's motion when the targets are occluded. We believe that Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) in autonomous driving needs to provide the vehicle with the motion state of the occluded object, including the position and velocity. Target's movement is a critical issue in autonomous driving, and we think it is more important to know how the target moves than what the target is. Therefore, this paper proposes a MOT algorithm for occlusion handling based on the tracking-by-detection strategy for the motion estimation of the occluded targets in autonomous vehicles. We first classify the occluded targets into two groups and track them with different strategies. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated on the MOTChallenge dataset by quantitative, qualitative, and ablation studies. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can estimate the target motion accurately during occlusion and generate complete and higher quality motion trajectories. |
16,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte composite scaffolds containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for bone tissue regeneration, and key words: Nanoparticles, Bone tissue, Tissue engineering, Surface morphology, Glass, Ions, Silicon. Abstract: Chitosan (Ch) and alginate (Al) are natural biopolymers that have been studied many times for tissue engineering applications that could form polyelectrolytes. In this study Ch/Al scaffold containing bioactive glass nanoparticle (SiO2: CaO: P2O5 (58:33:9 %mol)) have constructed and physicochemical characteristics as well as cell response to the prepared scaffold was studied. Results proved that the addition of bioactive glass nanoparticles did not affect the morphological properties, while the bioactivity, osteoblast cells viability, and attachment considerably improved by increasing the amount of bioactive glass component to 10 %. |
16,413 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Congestion Control for Cyber-Physical Systems, and key words: Embedded computing, Scalability, Cyber-physical systems, Control systems, Delays, Convergence. Abstract: Networked cyber-physical systems commonly rely on communication scheduling mechanisms to provide control applications strict timing guarantees. In this work we propose a Cooperative Congestion Control (CoCC) to enable control applications to cooperatively share a common network infrastructure without the need for such complex scheduling mechanisms. Cooperation between congestion control and control applications enables CoCC to dynamically balance resource demands such that fairness w.r.t. the quality of control is achieved. Our evaluation results show that CoCC efficiently avoids congestion and thus harmful delays and losses. CoCC offers fast convergence and good scalability at a low overhead due to its distributed computation scheme. |
16,414 | Please write an abstract with title: Cancellation of humming GSM mobile telephone noise, and key words: GSM, Telephony, Noise cancellation, Acoustic noise, Speech enhancement, Signal generators, Time division multiple access, Sampling methods, Software design, Interference suppression. Abstract: A sometimes annoying problem in the most internationally widespread cellular telephone system, the GSM system, is an interfering signal generated by the switching nature of TDMA cellular telephone system. A humming noise originating from the speech frames, equivalent to 160 samples of data corresponding to 20 ms at 8 kHz sampling rate is sometimes clearly audible. This paper describes a study of two different software solutions designed to suppress such interference internally in the mobile handset. The methods are Notch filtering, which is performed on a sample-per-sample basis, and speech frame noise cancellation, which is an alternative method employing correlators and subtraction, similar to active noise control [(B. Widow and S.D. Stearns, 1985), (M.Kuo and D.R. Morgan, 1996)]. |
16,415 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral reshaping by narrow optical filtering toward high information spectral density 40Gbit/s transmission, and key words: Optical filters, Information filtering, Information filters, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Optical signal processing, Modulation, Optical noise, Optical crosstalk, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In the last few years, the overall capacity of transmission systems has dramatically increased thanks to the improvement of the information spectral density (ISD). Here, two modulation formats using optical spectral reshaping are described to pack the channels at ISD>0.6 bit/s/Hz. |
16,416 | Please write an abstract with title: Hardware Software Codesign of Applications on the Edge: Accelerating Digital PreDistortion for Wireless Communications, and key words: Training, Program processors, Software algorithms, Hardware, Software, Fabrics, Real-time systems. Abstract: We present a real-time adaptive Digital PreDistortion (DPD) system developed on a System-on-Chip (SoC) platform with integrated RF front end, namely the AMD/Xilinx RFSoC. The design utilizes the heterogeneity of the RFSoC and is carefully partitioned. The control logic and training algorithm are implemented on the embedded ARM processor, while the predistorter module is placed on the FPGA fabric. To better coordinate both the hardware and software implementations, the training algorithm has been optimized for a shorter training time which results in a system that adapts to current environmental conditions with a shorter latency. Specifically, the number of signal samples used in training are reduced by applying the probability distribution information from the input signal in order to reduce the training time while retaining the important data samples. Results show that this reduced training set maintains the accuracy of the full data set. The implemented design balances the processing on the ARM processor and FPGA fabric resulting in a computationally efficient solution which makes good use of the different resources available. It has been experimentally validated on an AMD/Xilinx Gen3 RFSoC board with an exsternal GaN Power Amplifier (PA). |
16,417 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of WDM-Enabled Ultralow-Energy Photonic Edge Computing, and key words: Optical fibers, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber communication, Optical receivers, Low-power electronics, Edge computing, Photonics. Abstract: We present experimental demonstrations of ultra-low power edge computing enabled by wavelength division multiplexed optical links and time-integrating optical receivers. Initial experimentation demonstrations show ≤ 10 fJ of optical energy per MAC. © 2022 The Author(s) |
16,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Look-ahead Horizon based Energy Optimization for Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and key words: Simulation, Optimal control, Mechanical power transmission, Hybrid electric vehicles, Fuels, Vehicle dynamics, Optimization. Abstract: This paper developed a look-ahead horizon based optimal control scheme to jointly improve the efficiencies of powertrain and vehicle for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with connectivity and automated driving. Both a speed planning strategy and energy management strategy is provided by the proposed approach. A constrained optimal control problem is formulated to minimize the fuel consumption and the electricity consumption under the satisfaction of inter-distance between ego vehicle and preceding vehicle. The optimal solution is derived through the Pontryagins maximum principle and verified in a traffic-in-the-loop powertrain simulation platform to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. |
16,419 | Please write an abstract with title: Trust based Algorithm for communication between Machine to Machine, and key words: Servers, Sockets, Security, Wireless communication, Programming, Business, Protocols. Abstract: In today's world, the driving force is the human race, who are carrying out experiments, doing researches and inventing goods and services for the benefits of their own kind. N number of smart machines and techniques are invented continuously such inventions are responsible for changing our lives every second, every minute and every hour. In computer world trust in m2m is a communication between devices like mobile phone, laptop, tablet, etc. The modern world is totally into the computer field where every way of communication is done in machine based for example; money transaction, bill payment, chatting, etc. The trust in m2m is something that the whole world is totally dependent on. Where ever we go we depend on machine for transportation we use vehicle which is made up of machines wireless and wired machines. This module has been created using the socket programming in python where the communications are been done using the sockets. The communication among the devices gets more secured. And at the last when the communication has been done then the socket is closed to make the connection disable. This allows the communication or the transfer of the data to be more secure and more trustful. At the time when the message or the data is sent to any other device, it first gets encoded using “UTF-8” and then it is sent to another node basically the client node. |
16,420 | Please write an abstract with title: DA-STD: Deformable Attention-Based Scene Text Detection in Arbitrary Shape, and key words: Representation learning, Deformable models, Shape, Computational modeling, Conferences, Transformers, Computational efficiency. Abstract: Scene Text Detection (STD) is important for developing many popular technologies, such as Security and Automatic Driving. However, the existing text detection models are based on unified text shape and single background, which does not accord with the text characteristics in the natural scene. To detect arbitrarily shaped text with a complex background, we proposed a method based on deformable attention mechanism and named DA-STD. At first, a feature enhancement module named FPEM is applied to enhance the image’s ability of representation learning. In addition, unlike the attention in the vanilla Transformer, our method adopts the deformable attention module interested in the pixels around the sampling points rather than the global features to make relational modeling. Experiments show that not only can we effectively improve the performance of the model but also greatly save the computational cost in this way. |
16,421 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-based node penalties in a path-finding algorithm in an automated material handling system, and key words: Materials handling, Throughput, Vehicle dynamics, Heuristic algorithms, Production facilities, Electronics industry, Semiconductor materials, Manufacturing automation, Vehicles, Costs. Abstract: Increasing factory throughput is a critical issue in the semiconductor industry, and a quick transition of material to the next location in the automation system plays a significant role in increasing throughput. A dynamic pathfinding algorithm for a vehicle-based automated material handling system (AMHS) is discussed in this paper. The dynamic pathfinding algorithm uses distance between nodes, node penalties, and the number of vehicles queued to calculate the total cost of a path. This paper introduces the use of historical data from the AMHS and discusses how to effectively utilize such data in critical situations to improve overall AMHS performance. |
16,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Image-based Malware Classification: A Space Filling Curve Approach, and key words: Malware, Feature extraction, Data visualization, Layout, Libraries, Image color analysis, Gabor filters. Abstract: Anti-virus (AV) software is effective at distinguishing between benign and malicious programs yet lack the ability to effectively classify malware into their respective family classes. AV vendors receive considerably large volumes of malicious programs daily and so classification is crucial to quickly identify variants of existing malware that would otherwise have to be manually examined. This paper proposes a novel method of visualizing and classifying malware using Space-Filling Curves (SFC's) in order to improve the limitations of AV tools. The classification models produced were evaluated on previously unseen samples and showed promising results, with precision, recall and accuracy scores of 82%, 80% and 83% respectively. Furthermore, a comparative assessment with previous research and current AV technologies revealed that the method presented her was robust, outperforming most commercial and open-source AV scanner software programs. |
16,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure State-Reconstruction Over Networks Subject to Attacks, and key words: Receivers, Sensors, Relay networks (telecommunications), Observability, Indexes, Network coding. Abstract: Secure state-reconstruction is the problem of reconstructing the state of a linear time-invariant system from sensor measurements that have been corrupted by an adversary. Whereas most work focuses on attacks on sensors, we consider the more challenging case where attacks occur on sensors as well as on nodes and links of a network that transports sensor measurements to a receiver. In this letter we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the secure state-reconstruction problem to be solvable in the presence of attacks on sensors and on the network. |
16,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Dispatch of Receiving-Side Power Systems Considering Peak Regulation of External Power, and key words: Simulation, Conferences, Regulation, Dispatching, Power systems, Load modeling. Abstract: The ultra-high-voltage (UHV) external power meets the rapidly increasing load demand of the receiving-side power system. However, the peak regulation requiement of the receiving-side power system is not considered when transmitting the external power, which intensifies the peak regulation burden of the system. In order to enable the external power to implement peak regulation, the optimal dispatching model of the receiving-side power system considering peak regulation of external power is established. Firstly, the influence of external power on peak regulation ablility of receiving-side power systems is introduced. Then the conventional peak regulation units and the external power are modeled respectively considering their different characteristics. On this basis, the optimal dispatching model of the receiving-side power system is established to comprehensively optimize the output of the conventional peak regulation units and the external power. The effectiveness and availability of the proposed models is validated using the modified IEEE 30-bus test system. |
16,425 | Please write an abstract with title: Execution Repair for Spark Programs by Active Maintenance of Partition Dependency, and key words: Sparks, Maintenance engineering, Runtime, Distributed databases, Big Data, Urban areas. Abstract: Spark programs typically codify to reuse some of their generated datasets, called partition instances, to make their subsequent computations complete in a reasonable time. At runtime, however, the underlying Spark platform may independently delete such instances or accidentally cause these instances inaccessible to the program executions. Those instances will invalidate the computation assumption made in writing these programs that such depending instances are present, which leads performance bloat and even breaks the executions. In this paper, we present FAR, a novel and effective framework to handle such performance bloat and actively repair the executions by maintaining the instance dependencies in Spark program executions. FAR monitors the partition instance lifecycle activities at all levels, and determines from the execution plan of the current Spark action in the current program execution on whether a partition instance will have a dependency relation with a later one underlying the computation of that action. The experimental results showed that with the active execution repair mechanism of FAR, when some dependency partition instances were inaccessible, programs can achieve 7.3x to 67.0x speedup in re-generating them. The results also interestingly revealed that the program executions actively repaired by FAR can run to successful completion in environments with 1.7x-2.0x fewer available memory. |
16,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Compressed Sensing Based Temperature Field Reconstruction of Distribution Switch Cabinet, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature distribution, Tensors, Simulation, Superresolution, Switches, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: In order to realize non-intrusive abnormal temperature rise state evaluation for distribution switch cabinets, a novel temperature field reconstruction method based on compressed sensing theory is proposed in this paper. Based on the discrete temperature sensing parameters collected outside the distribution switch cabinets, combined with tensor block correlation matching and low-rank tensor super-resolution, our method can search for appropriate units in the temperature field tensor dictionary to fill the targeted spatial area from outside to inside, so as to realize the internal temperature field reconstruction of the distribution switch cabinets. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method has a satisfying fitting effect on the two-dimensional temperature section and the three-dimensional temperature field, which can effectively support the evaluation task of the abnormal temperature rise state in distribution switch cabinets. |
16,427 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Malicious URL Detection Based on Feature Contribution Tendency, and key words: Uniform resource locators, Training, Cloud computing, Conferences, Computational modeling, Big Data, Feature extraction. Abstract: With the rapid development of the Internet, the number of malicious URLs is growing, too. It brings great security threats to people. The current malicious URL detection methods based on machine learning don't select the features effectively, so it will directly affect the classification effect of the model. In order to avoid the problem of weak generalization ability caused by the training of small amount of samples, a large number of samples are used for experiments. In this paper, Random Forest is optimized based on feature contribution and hyperparameter optimization, and a large number of sample experiments show that the detection efficiency of the model has been significantly improved. The detection precision reaches 94.85%, and the AUC value reaches 96.51%. It has high application value for malicious URL detection. |
16,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Laser beam wavefront diagnostics by a three-plate ring interferometer and a grating spatial filter system, and key words: Ring lasers, Laser beams, Gratings, Spatial filters, Optical interferometry, Structural beams, Shearing, Optical distortion, Adaptive optics, Optical filters. Abstract: A three-plate identical ring interferometer is a white-light interferometer with constant lateral translation shearing, and its precision of measurement corresponds to the depth of focus. The grating spatial filter system directly gives the information of the distortion quantity in the wavefront, and is also applicable to diagnostics of small-aperture light beams. |
16,429 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of injection current with electron temperature for high-K gate stacks, and key words: Electrons, Temperature, High K dielectric materials, High-K gate dielectrics, Current density, Silicon, MOSFETs, Probability, Dielectric constant, Tunneling. Abstract: Though, high dielectric constant material is a possible near future candidate to suppress gate current densities of MOSFETs, the barrier height generally decreases with increasing dielectric constant. In this paper, the injection current through gate stacks has been calculated while taking into account the electron temperature using the W.K.B. method to understand the impact of the injection current from the drain edge. |
16,430 | Please write an abstract with title: System Optimization Model Construction of Blockchain and Cross-Border E-Commerce, and key words: Analytical models, Blockchains, Encryption, Electronic commerce, Optimization. Abstract: At present, cross-border e-commerce has become one of the important scenarios for the application of blockchain technology. In order to give full play to the role of blockchain technology in promoting cross-border e-commerce, this article first discusses the development scale of domestic and foreign e-commerce markets and the connotation and connotation of blockchain. Blockchain technology improved the accuracy of the cross-border e-commerce system optimization model, and the result reached 5.1%, indicating the effectiveness of the cross-border e-commerce system optimization model based on blockchain decentralization and asymmetry. |
16,431 | Please write an abstract with title: The Digital Perception of Architectural Space, and key words: Visualization, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Engineering profession, Lighting, Media, Information technology. Abstract: The introduction of digital technologies in the professional field of architecture is questioning the traditional way of learning some topics such as the perception of architectural space. The purpose of this research is to compare the perception of architectural space using three digital visualization media: conventional video, 360° video and 3D digital model in 53 students of the first year of studies of the professional career of Architecture in Peru. For the experimentation, the chapel in Ronchamp designed by Le Corbusier was used and five components of spatial perception were determined: measurements and proportions, spatial relationships and orientation, forms and materials, lighting and shadows and experienced sensations. The results were obtained based on an ad-hoc questionnaire and based on them it is concluded that the 360° video is the most highly rated visualization medium in all components and in the overall perception of space; however, the other two media have advantages in specific aspects, which allows us to recommend their complementary use to achieve a perception closer to the real one. |
16,432 | Please write an abstract with title: An experiment for sensing-based opportunistic spectrum access in CSMA/CA networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Multiaccess communication, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Interference, Antenna measurements, Physics, Laboratories, Radio frequency, Radiofrequency identification, Media Access Protocol. Abstract: Opportunistic access to spectrum and secondary allocation of spectrum are topics being studied by regulatory bodies and organizations with interest in spectrum utilization. The DARPA ATO neXt Generation (XG) Program is investigating opportunistic use of spectrum wherein users would dynamically access spectrum based on its availability. Such access may embody changes to regulatory policies governing access to the RF spectrum. Additionally, the methods studied by the XG program could be used for secondary access within a fixed portion of spectrum. Opportunistic access would open spectrum that is sparsely used (temporally and spatially) to users who otherwise would be confined to inadequate frequency bands. An XG-enabled radio would sense and characterize spectral activity, identify spectral opportunities for use, and coordinate access, with the goal of not interfering with the primary, non-XG, and users. This paper describes a sensor suite and media access control (MAC) concepts representative of XG. A prototypical experiment has been conducted with the XG MAC in an environment of 802.11b radios. Results are presented that illustrate the operation of the MAC concept and demonstrate performance parameterized by the load carried by both 802.11b and XG |
16,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Waste Bin: Mechanical and AI Based Waste Segregation, and key words: Waste management, Training, Computer vision, Image processing, Computational modeling, Urban areas, Prototypes. Abstract: Increase in population in cities has resulted to inadequate waste management. It has resulted in the spreading of diseases, and increasing in cost of waste processing. In general, the waste management fails at the very initial stage i.e. at the source. There are no significant data that influence the pro per waste segregation at the source itself. This paper proposes an effective and smart solution for waste segregation at source by using image processing, artificial intelligence (AI), and mechanical sorting. A prototype is developed, consisting of mechanism to initial segregation, then image processing and AI is use to further segregate the waste. The prototype demonstrates the separation proposed in the lab environment. Which can be further implemented for commercial purpose of waste management. |
16,434 | Please write an abstract with title: Elaborating security requirements by construction of intentional anti-models, and key words: Application software, Banking, Cryptography, Computer crime, Communication system security, Pattern analysis, Internet, Mission critical systems, Surgery, Biomedical engineering. Abstract: Caring for security at requirements engineering time is a message that has finally received some attention recently. However, it is not yet very clear how to achieve this systematically through the various stages of the requirements engineering process. The paper presents a constructive approach to the modeling, specification and analysis of application-specific security requirements. The method is based on a goal-oriented framework for generating and resolving obstacles to goal satisfaction. The extended framework addresses malicious obstacles (called anti-goals) set up by attackers to threaten security goals. Threat trees are built systematically through anti-goal refinement until leaf nodes are derived that are either software vulnerabilities observable by the attacker or anti-requirements implementable by this attacker. New security requirements are then obtained as countermeasures by application of threat resolution operators to the specification of the anti-requirements and vulnerabilities revealed by the analysis. The paper also introduces formal epistemic specification constructs and patterns that may be used to support a formal derivation and analysis process. The method is illustrated on a Web-based banking system for which subtle attacks have been reported recently. |
16,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Grid Interactive Smart Inverter with Intrusion Detection Capability, and key words: Simulation, Electromagnetic interference, Measurement uncertainty, Intrusion detection, Observers, Inverters, Real-time systems. Abstract: This paper proposes a smart inverter that is resilient against cyber-physical intrusion on the sensors. The proposed system is intended to detect intentional electromagnetic interference (EMI) injection in the current sensor data and to provide a healing solution for system restoration. A solution based on super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) is designed to estimate the grid current. The proposed solution is aimed to detect the jeopardized current sensor due to the cyber-physical attack by taking into consideration the error between the observed and measured currents. In addition, this work adopts the flatness-based control (FBC) technique to control the inverter and feed the current to the grid with low harmonic content even under EMI attack. The adopted flatness controller relies on the reference feedback instead of disturbance feedback which helps in reducing the external noises. Therefore, the proposed solution is suitable to establish a safe and secure connection of the inverters to the grid. Real-time simulation results are carried out to prove the concept of the proposed solution. |
16,436 | Please write an abstract with title: The Gnucap model compiler, and key words: Object oriented modeling, Circuit simulation, Tail, MOSFET circuits, Mathematical model, Algorithm design and analysis, Hardware design languages, Discrete event simulation, Equations, Capacitors. Abstract: This paper describes a modeling language and its compiler for adding models to a mixed-signal simulator "Gnucap". This language supplies more simulator details than the popular "AMS" languages do, and provides a similar high level interface. |
16,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Hysteresis Compensation of 3D Printed Sensors by a Power Law Model with Reduced Parameters, and key words: Training, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Sensor systems, Sensors, Structural beams, Hysteresis. Abstract: We propose a modified Power Law Model [1] for hysteresis compensation. A simplification of the original model, resulting in a lower number of parameters to be estimated, is introduced. It has no nonlinear resistor in the output stage and the nonlinear resistance function in the input section(s) is given by a sinh function resulting in 3N + 2 parameters for a model with N input stages. A cantilever beam with two symmetric piezoresistive sensors was 3D printed and shown to exhibit hysteretic behavior. The sensor's differential measurements have been used to obtain training and validation data. We present promising fitting results obtained with a single cell model and 5 parameters only. Finally, the inverse model (compensator) is derived and applied to the experimental data in order to strongly reduce the hysteretic nonlinearity. |
16,438 | Please write an abstract with title: Memorial to N. Minorsky, and key words: Obituaries, Minorsky, Nicolas. Abstract: Recounts the career and contributions of Nicolas Minorsky. |
16,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Hydrodynamic Resistance Tests on a Scuba Diver, and key words: Hydrodynamics, Testing, Drag, Immune system, Foot, Marine vehicles, Surface resistance, Electrical resistance measurement, Propulsion, Force measurement. Abstract: Drag measurements were taken for a diver wearing various standard free swimming and scuba dress while being towed in the Naval Academy 120 foot ship model towing tank. Resistance curves are plotted for simulated swim speeds and five diver dress configurations. It was found that there was as much as a fourfold increase in diver drag for the fully equipped diver. |
16,440 | Please write an abstract with title: A CN-FDTD scheme and its application to VLSI interconnects/substrate modeling, and key words: Very large scale integration, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Finite wordlength effects, Error analysis, Magnetic analysis, Integrated circuit interconnections, Iterative methods, Iterative algorithms, Equations. Abstract: In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) Crank-Nicholason (CN) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is proposed for VLSI interconnect/substrate characterization. Through rigorous truncation and dispersion error analyses, a guideline on using this technique is presented. Several iterative solvers are investigated to accelerate the solution of the CN-FDTD scheme. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. |
16,441 | Please write an abstract with title: /spl mu/-synthesis power system stabilizer design using a bifurcation subsystem based methodology, and key words: Power systems, Bifurcation, Power system modeling, Robust control, Uncertainty, Power system simulation, Control system synthesis, Voltage control, Performance analysis, Control design. Abstract: A /spl mu/ synthesis power system stabilizer (MPSS) design is presented for a two-area system in this paper. The uncertainty is modeled based on structural information of the system and the bifurcation parameter induced nonlinear change in the bifurcation subsystem that experiences, produces, and causes the full system bifurcation. The control objective is to damp out the interarea oscillation as well as maintaining the bus voltages for the variation of the uncertainty parameter. The determination of the robust control device location that is expected to give better control performance is discussed. The performance index definition reflects the desired control purpose. A very flexible robust control configuration that can be easily applied for different control designs is shown. The RGA matrix is studied to evaluate the robust power system stabilizer design. RGA matrix information suggests that the control structure and capability of disturbance rejection have been drastically improved by MPSS design. The time simulation verifies the improvement of control performance and robustness. |
16,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Cardioprotection study of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix based on grey relational analysis, and key words: Correlation coefficient, Analytical models, In vivo, Correlation, Automation, Fingerprint recognition, Reliability. Abstract: In this article, the grey relational analysis method was used to identity the key components of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix for cardioprotection by in vivo zebrafish models. 34 components with effect on cardioprotection were ranked by calculating grey relational grades. In addition, a comparison of grey relational analysis and correlation coefficient methods implies that the former is more reliable for this research. |
16,443 | Please write an abstract with title: GelSlim 3.0: High-Resolution Measurement of Shape, Force and Slip in a Compact Tactile-Sensing Finger, and key words: Integrated optics, Force measurement, Shape, Fingers, Force, Optical device fabrication, Lighting. Abstract: This work presents a new version of tactile-sensing finger, GelSlim 3.0, which integrates the ability to sense high-resolution shape, force, and slip in a more compact form factor than previous implementations, designed for cluttered bin-picking scenarios. The novel design integrates real-time model-based algorithms to measure shape, estimate the 3-D contact force distribution, and detect incipient slip. The constraints imposed by the photometric stereo algorithm used for depth reconstruction and the implementation of a planar sensing surface make the miniaturization of previous designs nontrivial. To achieve a compact integration, we optimize the optical path from illumination source to camera. Using an optical simulation environment, we develop an illumination shaping lens and position the source LEDs and camera. The optimized optical configuration is integrated into a finger design composed of a robust and easily replaceable snap-to-fit fingertip module that facilitates manufacture, assembly, use, and repair. To stimulate future research in tactile-sensing and provide the robotics community access to a reliable and easily reproducible tactile finger with a diversity of sensing modalities, we open-source the design, fabrication methods, and software at https://github.com/mcubelab/gelslim. |
16,444 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Knowledge Building for Image Database by Analyzing Web Page Contents, and key words: Image databases, Data analysis, Image analysis, Web pages, Crawlers, Content based retrieval, Image retrieval, Spatial databases, Data mining, Dictionaries. Abstract: In this paper, we present a method of semantic knowledge building for image database by extracting semantic meanings from Web page contents. The novelty of our method is that it is able to effectively extract media with a high degree of relevancy to a specific topic by incorporating word similarity and ontologies. The method is implemented in our Web image crawler and analysis system (WICAS). The system downloads Web pages and media automatically and further analyzes the semantic meanings of page contents to build up semantic knowledge for media entities. Subsequently, our system accepts high-level query terms and returns relevant media efficiently. Our experiment results show that with this new method of high-level content abstraction, media retrieval accuracy can be improved tremendously over traditional methods |
16,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-Doppler effect in radar: phenomenon, model, and simulation study, and key words: Doppler radar, Diesel engines, Frequency, Vibrations, Laser radar, Electromagnetic scattering, Vehicles, Transmitters, Signal generators, Aircraft. Abstract: When, in addition to the constant Doppler frequency shift induced by the bulk motion of a radar target, the target or any structure on the target undergoes micro-motion dynamics, such as mechanical vibrations or rotations, the micro-motion dynamics induce Doppler modulations on the returned signal, referred to as the micro-Doppler effect. We introduce the micro-Doppler phenomenon in radar, develop a model of Doppler modulations, derive formulas of micro-Doppler induced by targets with vibration, rotation, tumbling and coning motions, and verify them by simulation studies, analyze time-varying micro-Doppler features using high-resolution time-frequency transforms, and demonstrate the micro-Doppler effect observed in real radar data. |
16,446 | Please write an abstract with title: A Transformer-based Approach for Identifying Target-oriented Opinions from Travel Reviews, and key words: Fuses, Neural networks, Transformers, Decoding, Task analysis, Context modeling. Abstract: Performing target-oriented opinion word extraction (TOWE) from online travel reviews is a valuable reference for both tourists and attraction administration department. This paper formulates a novel research topic of identifying target-opinion pair from Chinese travel review corpus. Learning target-oriented representation accurately, locating the opinion word and extracting the complete opinion are three major challenges. Hence, we leverage aspect-based query, pos-tag and relative position and devise appropriate structure to fuse them in an encoder-decoder framework. Specifically, in the encoder, the target-fused (aspect, review) pair and the pos-tag label are encoded by transformers to model the global dependency, in the decoder, a BiLSTM is adopted to enhance contextual representation by incorporating relative position information. A real-world Chinese travel dataset for TOWE task is constructed, and the experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model. Extensive ablation experiments are also conducted to study the effect of different components of the model. |
16,447 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiphase Overtaking Maneuver Planning for Autonomous Ground Vehicles Via a Desensitized Trajectory Optimization Approach, and key words: Optimization, Planning, Convergence, Automobiles, Trajectory optimization, Autonomous vehicles, Roads. Abstract: This article studies the problem of trajectory optimization for autonomous ground vehicles with the consideration of irregularly placed on-road obstacles and multiple maneuver phases. By introducing a series of event sequences, a new multiphase constrained optimal control formulation is constructed to describe the automatic overtaking process. Although existing trajectory optimization techniques can be applied to address the constructed problem, they may suffer from poor or premature convergence issues due to the complexity of the mission formulation. Thus, to offer an effective alternative, a novel desensitized trajectory optimization method is designed and implemented to explore the optimal overtaking maneuver for the AGVs. The proposed method applies a double layer structure, where an enhanced intelligent optimization method is used in the outer layer such that the main inner optimization routine can be boosted by starting at a better reference solution. The algorithm convergence as well as the solution optimality conditions are theoretically analyzed. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the validity of the established formulation. Comparative case studies were executed to demonstrate the quality of the obtained solution and the enhanced performance of the proposed trajectory optimization method. |
16,448 | Please write an abstract with title: Noise Parameters Extraction with Special Source Reflection Coefficient Selection Patterns, and key words: Reflection coefficient, Genetic algorithms, Microwave measurement, Uncertainty, Microwave devices, Noise measurement. Abstract: Source reflection coefficient selection patterns have important influence on noise parameters extraction based on least-squares method. As an alternative method, genetic algorithm is able to extract noise parameters without linearization. This paper discusses if source reflection coefficient selection has no or less influence on noise parameters extracted by genetic algorithm. Two special source reflection coefficient selection patterns are used to extract noise parameters of a low noise microwave amplifier. Experiment results show that source reflection coefficient selection does have influence on noise parameters extracted by genetic algorithm and inappropriate selection patterns could degrade extraction results. |
16,449 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multispectral Target Detection in Sonar Imagery, and key words: Sonar measurements, Sonar, Object detection, Optical variables measurement, Benchmark testing, Rocks, Reflection. Abstract: Detection of underwater objects in sonar imagery is a key enabling technique, with applications ranging from mine hunting and seabed characterization to marine archaeology. Due to the non-homogeneity of the sonar imagery, the majority of detection approaches are geared towards detection of features in the spatial domain to identify anomalies in the seabed’s background. Yet, when the seabed is complex and includes rocks and sand ripples, spatial features are hard to discriminate, leading to high false alarm rates. With the aim of detecting man-made objects in complex environments, we utilize, as a detection metric, the expected spectral diversity of reflections to differentiate man-made objects’ reflections from the relatively flat frequency response of natural objects’ reflections, such as rocks. Our solution merges a set of preregistered sonar images, each of which are obtained at a different frequency band. Using the Jain’s fairness as a metric to evaluate the spectral diversity of a suspected object within a low or high resolution sonar imagery, respectively, our solution detects anomalies across the spectrum domain. We tested our algorithm over simulated data and over multispectral data obtained in a designated sea experiment. The results show that, compared to benchmark schemes, our approach obtains better performance in terms of the trade-off between false alarm rate and detection capability. |
16,450 | Please write an abstract with title: Wave interactions in a left-handed mushroom structure, and key words: Frequency, Refractive index, Metamaterials, Surface waves, Periodic structures, Optical surface waves, Magnetic fields, Optical refraction, Physics, Transmission line theory. Abstract: Metamaterials and, in particular, left-handed (LH) materials (negative refractive index metamaterials) have drawn considerable attention in the physics and engineering communities over the last five years. This paper presents a synthesis of the refractive characteristics of a mushroom structure, including dispersion diagram, fields distributions, isotropy and refractive index. In addition, it introduces and demonstrates the concept of plane wave to cylindrical wave transformation by way of a parabolically curved RH/LH interface. A practical mushroom implementation of this interface is also discussed. |
16,451 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Ontology Model for Knowledge Navigator, and key words: Navigation, Knowledge acquisition, Computational modeling, Conferences, Metadata, Ontologies, Big Data. Abstract: We defined and expressed graph-based relationships of pieces of knowledge to allow cross-reference navigation of the knowledge as an ontology. We present a methodology for constructing an ontology-based knowledge navigation model to allow cross-reference navigation between pieces of knowledge, related concepts and datasets. We defined the structure of the dataset as metadata, the field names of the actual values, and the actual values. We defined the relationship between datasets as 3-layer such as metadata layer, field names layer, and data value layer. The relationships in the metadata layer was defined as the correspondence between metadata values. We standardized the field names in dataset to discover the relationships between field names. We designed a method to discover the relationship between data values based on common knowledge for each domain. To confirm the validity of the presented methodology, we applied our methodology to implement an ontology-based knowledge navigation model for actual disaster-related processes in operation. We built a knowledge navigation model based on spatial common knowledge to confirm that the configuration of the knowledge navigation model was correct. |
16,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Is state mapping essential for equivalence checking custom memories in scan-based designs?, and key words: Computer bugs, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Registers, Microprocessors, Testing, Application specific processors, Jacobian matrices, Logic, Silicon. Abstract: Equivalence checking between Register Transfer Level (RTL) descriptions and transistor level descriptions of custom memories is an important step in the design flow of high performance microprocessors. Equivalence checking can be done with or without the knowledge of state mapping between the two descriptions. We present evidence that because of state mapping, our verification technique exercises system behavior that exposes hard-to-detect bugs that might otherwise go undetected. This paper defines Crossover Bugs (CB's) that can be present in scan-based custom designs and that are inherently hard-to-detect without state mapping. We demonstrate that such bugs can be missed by equivalence checking techniques that do not have state mappings between the two descriptions. By identifying the state correspondences between the RTL and the transistor implementation of custom memories, a more rigorous equivalence check can be performed compared to traditional equivalence checking methods such as product machine constructions. We also compare the time and memory complexities of crossover bug detection capability of the two equivalence checking approaches. We conclude with experimental results of CB detection on some of the custom designed embedded memories of Motorola's MPC 7455 microprocessor (compliant with IBM's PowerPC instruction set architecture). |
16,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Field emission properties of selectively grown carbon nanotubes for electron emitters in microwave power amplifier, and key words: Carbon nanotubes, Electron guns, Microwave amplifiers, Power amplifiers, Plasma temperature, Plasma chemistry, Plasma properties, Chemicals, Diodes, Morphology. Abstract: We have directly grown CNTs on the metal substrates by direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) using a gas mixture of C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ and NH/sub 3/ at relatively low temperature (550 /spl deg/C). In this study, we report field emission properties of CNTs depending on pattern sizes and spacings. Field-emission characteristic of CNTs was evaluated in a vacuum of 10/sup -6/ Torr in a parallel diode configuration. It is found that there is a correlation between pattern morphologies (such as window area, spacing, and dimension of window edge, etc.) and the field-emission properties. Furthermore, we found that the contact resistance between CNTs and substrate is a crucial factor for the saturation of field emission from CNTs. |
16,454 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-megavolt, multi-axis, high-resolution flash X-ray source development for a new Hydrodynamics Research Facility at AWE Aldermaston, and key words: Hydrodynamics, Voltage, Switches, X-ray lasers, Optical pulse generation, Testing, Prototypes, Light emitting diodes, Weapons, Optical design. Abstract: The Atomic Weapons Establishment at Aldermaston, U.K., has a number of pulsed-power-driven flash X-ray machines for diagnosing the hydrodynamics of explosively-driven high-Z materials. The most powerful of these machines is Mogul-E, which operates at about 10 MV and 30 kA, delivering about 450 R @ 1 m in a 5 mm spot. Longer-term plans envisage the upgrading of existing facilities through the construction of a multi-axis Hydrodynamic Research Facility (HRF). It is proposed that the HRF will be furnished initially with three inductive voltage adder (IVA) machines operating at /spl sim/14 MV, each giving 600 R @ 1 m in a 5 mm spot. It is envisaged that, following further research, the outputs will be increased towards 1000 R, with, it is hoped, a reduction in X-ray spot size. More speculative proposals involve increasing the number of machines from 3 to 5, and/or the splitting of the output end of one or more machines to drive more than one X-ray source per machine. An overview of the research programme necessary to achieve these aims is presented. |
16,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Abnormal gate oxide thickening at active edge with SiN-linered shallow trench isolation, and key words: Oxidation, Silicon compounds, Random access memory, Human computer interaction, Capacitors, Voltage, Dry etching, Hafnium, Performance evaluation, Research and development. Abstract: Abnormal gate oxide thickening at active edge (GOTAE) has been investigated in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) with SiN-lineared shallow trench isolation (STI). 1% of gaseous HCl, which is added during dry oxidation, plays a major role in inducing abnormal GOTAE by the mechanical interaction with thin SiN layers in STI. Other structural parameters, such as the thickness of trench sidewall oxide, liner SiN and sacrificial oxide, are believed to influence the amount of oxide thickening. In order to avoid abnormal GOTAE, wet oxidation is introduced and shown to be effective in suppressing it. Electrical properties, which are susceptible to the extent of GOTAE, are also presented in this paper. |
16,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Density Adaptive Plane Segmentation from Long-Range Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data, and key words: Point cloud compression, Buildings, Lasers, Geoscience and remote sensing, Dynamic range, Feature extraction, Data mining. Abstract: Plane segmentation is a commonly used approach that extracts detailed building information from point cloud. However, the change of density is not obvious for mainstream research data. The buildings with different densities are difficult to be classified especially for TLS data of which scanning distance exceeds 500m, while neighborhood radius is the key factor to solve this problem. In this article, an approach for density adaptive plane segmentation is presented. Firstly, compared with methods based on fixed radius range, dynamic neighborhood radius is selected before plane segmentation to ensure that the objects with different densities can be identified and the dimensionality feature of each point can be computed. Then, an improved growing rule based on dimensionality feature is applied to segment the buildings into planes. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently extract planes from long-range TLS data, the precision reaches 95%, the recall reaches 92%. |
16,457 | Please write an abstract with title: Chemical-Technological Process of the Water-Chemical Regime of Power Plants, and key words: Optimization, Power generation, Perturbation methods, Task analysis, Process control, Monitoring, Optimal control. Abstract: Monitoring of chemical-technological processes at thermal power plants consists mainly in providing the operator with information on the state of the water-chemical regime. The problems of optimal control are solved using the methods of the theory of optimal control systems, adaptive control systems, extreme control systems, also called automatic optimization systems (CAO). The tasks of using fuzzy models in automatic optimization systems for technical facilities, in particular power plants, have not yet been fully investigated and remain relevant. Thus, the structures of CAO, considered on the example of thermal power plants, the management of which solves the problems of extreme control, and the goal is formulated as achieving the extreme value of a scalar or vector function for given quality criteria. |
16,458 | Please write an abstract with title: A 10-GHz Single-Supply GaAs MMIC Self-Synchronous Rectifier, and key words: Radio frequency, Power measurement, Gallium arsenide, Rectifiers, Modulation, Power amplifiers, Logic gates. Abstract: This paper presents an E-mode HEMT MMIC rectifier based on the design of a class-B power amplifier (PA) using the WIN 150nm PIH1 GaAs process. The PA simulations show over 40% PAE from approximately 9 to 11GHz with an input power of 12 dBm. Using time-reversal duality, a self-synchronous power rectifier (PR) is designed by modifying the PA so that the drain RF output becomes the input, while the RF input at the gate is terminated in a tunable high-reflection coefficient load. The drain bias line is terminated in an optimal DC load. The MMIC is measured with CW and several types of modulated signals. Peak rectifier conversion efficiency in CW operation is measured to be 60% at 10 GHz at 17 dBm input RF power. Peak rectifier efficiency at 10GHz with the same total input power is found to be 62% using a uniformly-distributed AM noise signal with a 50% modulation depth. |
16,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Device for Measuring Multicopters Performance Parameters, and key words: Performance evaluation, Magnetic separation, Prototypes, Magnetic devices, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Vehicle dynamics, Gravity. Abstract: New requirements for classifying unmanned aerial vehicles are forcing institutions as well as manufacturers to devise established procedures and methodologies for testing vehicles. A new possibility of dynamic testing of performance parameters of multicopters is offered in addition to conventional software modeling of flight characteristics and static tests in wind tunnels. This alternative is currently hampered by the problem of flight data collection. This work deals with the design of a complex measuring device specially designed for the testing of the flight characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed modular device provides the user with a flight record containing time-synchronized data showing the linear and angular accelerations achieved by the vehicle during flight, three-axis roll, flight altitude, magnetic course, multicopter speeds, and revolutions of each power unit separately. This work further defines the conditions imposed on the type of tested multicopter (load capacity) and the subsequent need for its balancing. The output of this work is to support the experimental research of dynamic quantification of multicopter performance properties during flight. |
16,460 | Please write an abstract with title: Robot behavioral selection using discrete event language measure, and key words: Robotics and automation, Mechanical variables measurement, Optimal control, Costs, Mechanical engineering, Formal languages, Learning automata, Polynomials, Educational robots, Supervisory control. Abstract: This paper proposes a robot behavioral /spl mu/-selection method that maximizes a quantitative measure of languages in the discrete-event setting. This approach complements Q-learning (also called reinforcement learning) that has been widely used in behavioral robotics to learn primitive behaviors. While /spl mu/-selection assigns positive and negative weights to the marked states of a deterministic finite-state automaton (DFSA) model of robot operations, Q-learning assigns reward/penalty on each transition. While the complexity of Q-learning increases exponentially in the number of states and actions, complexity of /spl mu/-selection is polynomial in the number of DFSA states. The paper also presents results of simulation experiments for a robotic scenario to demonstrate the efficacy of the /spl mu/-selection method. |
16,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Processing Framework for Efficient Computation of Analyst Consensus Estimates and Measurement of Forecast Accuracy, and key words: Systematics, Filtering, Computational modeling, Filtering algorithms, Parallel processing, Data science, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: Forecasting of earnings is an integral component in the valuation of companies. Financial analysts provide such forecasts in the form of earnings estimates. Academic study has shown analyst forecasts to be more accurate than timeseries forecasts. Historically this has been based on a consensus forecast computed as the mean of analyst forecasts. In our research we consider alternative methods of aggregating consensus forecasts. We take inspiration from iterative filtering methods from Physics, as applied to other fields such as the aggregation of sensor readings and online reviews. In this paper we discuss the challenges of adapting iterative filtering algorithms to the aggregation of analyst earnings estimates. This encompasses modelling as well as technological challenges. We present our solution to the afore-mentioned challenges and develop a general framework for the systematic assessment of consensus aggregation algorithms. We show that a naïve implementation of this computation takes approximately 4 days to complete. Our framework performing the same computation takes a significantly reduced time of approximately 2 hours. We then apply this framework to the assessment of iterative filtering algorithms in the context of aggregating consensus earnings estimates. We present preliminary results of our study of the application of iterative filtering algorithms against a simple mean consensus. |
16,462 | Please write an abstract with title: An accurate optical frequency measurement system at telecommunication region, and key words: Frequency measurement, Laser mode locking, Ultrafast optics, Laser transitions, Optical harmonic generation, Standards development, Fiber lasers, Optical pulses, Measurement standards, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We are now developing an accurate optical frequency measurement system at the telecommunication region using an optical frequency standard with Doppler-free acetylene absorption and a mode-locked fiber laser. |
16,463 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic scattering from axially inhomogeneous bodies of revolution, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Mie scattering, Electromagnetic coupling, Integral equations, Moment methods, Dielectric materials, Conductors, Coatings, Permeability, Permittivity. Abstract: The electromagnetic scattering from partially or totally penetrable bodies of revolution (BOR) is formulated in terms of coupled Fredholm integral equations, solved by the method of moments (MM). The scatterers can have axial inhomogeneities, formed by dissimilar dielectric materials. The case of conducting bodies with axially discontinuous coatings is also treated. The penetrable regions can be lossy, characterized by complex permeability and permittivity. Boundary conditions are rigorously treated everywhere including the intersection of the various regions. The solutions are expressed in terms of combinations of two special matrices arising from the Galerkin technique. These solutions are implemented numerically for a class of generic axially inhomogeneous BOR scatterers. Numerical results given for various conducting/dielectric cylinder combinations using this formulation are compared with experimental data. For special cases where comparisons are possible, the present analysis replicates the results of the Mie theory. |
16,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of RF Hollow Cathode Discharge at Moderate Pressure: Hybrid Plasma Simulation and Machine Learning Model Development, and key words: Radio frequency, Plasma simulation, Recurrent neural networks, Poisson equations, Computational modeling, Production, Predictive models. Abstract: Radio-frequency (RF) hollow cathode discharges (HCD) at moderate pressures have gained significance for advanced plasma processes. HCDs form in cylindrical cavities in the cathode. An array of such cavities can be used to create large area HCDs. Under certain conditions plasma in hollow cavities becomes more intense. In this study, a single hollow cathode hole is simulated using a hybrid plasma model. The model includes continuity equations for charged and neutral species, drift-diffusion approximation for electron flux, momentum conservation equation for ions, and Poisson equation. A Monte Carlo model for secondary electrons is used to accurately compute production rates of species, which are coupled to the fluid plasma model. RF hollow cathode behavior is simulated for different design and operating conditions. The plasma penetration inside hollow cathode hole is enhanced depending on pressure and hole size. The plasma enhancement due to RF sheath heating with increase in frequency, and secondary electron emission have been explored synergistically. Hybrid plasma simulation being computationally expensive, a surrogate modeling framework is developed based on recurrent neural network, using LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) based closure. Different methodologies have been explored to train and validate LSTM network. The prediction of trained network compares well with that of underlying physical model at different conditions, improving the applicability of plasma model for design and optimization purposes. |
16,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Information storage density of magnetic recording and other systems, and key words: Magnetic recording, Genetics, Stability, Audio systems, Magnetic films, Humans, Nervous system, Printing, Azimuth, Drives. Abstract: Information storage density in bits per cubic centimeter are compared for various media including magnetic tape, phonograph records, photographic film, the human nervous system, and biological genetics. Magnetic recording is on a par with other man-made systems; but all of these are poorer by many orders of magnitude than genetics. An analogy between contact printing of tapes and genetic replication shows the superiority of the latter. Factors which limit the ultimate density of magnetic recording are discussed: gap-length, straightness, shunt effect, azimuth; tape surface, stability, particle size; head-tape contact, drive stability; amplifier noise, and demagnetization. |
16,466 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards High-Level Synthesis of Polymorphic Side-Channel Countermeasures, and key words: Encryption, Hardware, Ciphers, Software, Field programmable gate arrays, Clocks. Abstract: Side-channel attacks pose a severe threat to both software and hardware cryptographic implementations. Current literature presents various countermeasures against these kinds of attacks, based on approaches such as hiding or masking, implemented either in software, or on register-transfer or gate-level in hardware. However, emerging trends in hardware design lean towards a system-level approach, allowing for faster, less errorprone, design process, an efficient hardware/software co-design, or sophisticated validation, verification, and (co)simulation strategies. In this paper, we propose a Boolean masking scheme suitable for high-level synthesis. We implement a protected PRESENT encryption in C language, utilizing the concept of dynamic logic reconfiguration, synthesize it for Xilinx Artix 7 FPGA, and we compare our results regarding clock cycle latency and area utilization. We evaluate the effectiveness of proposed countermeasures using specific t-test leakage assessment methodology. We show that our high-level synthesis implementation successfully conceals the side-channel leakage while maintaining reasonable area and latency overhead. |
16,467 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Study on the Effect of Plasma Density on Runaway Electron Suppression in the ADITYA-U Tokamak, and key words: Plasmas, Discharges (electric), Tokamak devices, Plasma temperature, Plasma density, Codes, Bridges. Abstract: Runaway Electrons (REs) generated during plasma disruptions in fusion grade tokamaks have the potential to severely damage the plasma-facing components. Designing optimal plasma discharge scenarios for RE suppression in future experiments requires interpretative modeling of current experiments. Multiple experiments have been carried out on ADITYA-U tokamak to design optimal plasma discharge scenarios for RE avoidance and suppression. In this article, we have numerically studied two representative pairs of ADITYA-U plasma discharges. In the first pair of discharges, plasma density was increased by gas puffs during the flap-top phase which is shown to suppress RE generation. In the second pair of the representative discharges, the effect of a lower ratio of peak electric field during breakdown to the pre-fill pressure is shown on RE generation. We simulate these plasma discharges using the PREDICT code to study the dynamics of Res. The results are consistent with the experimental Hard X-Ray diagnostic observations for both the pair of representative discharges. Additionally, the lowest RE-current is obtained in the discharges with a low ratio of the peak electric field during breakdown to the pre-fill pressure and high plasma density during the flap-top phase due to gas puffs. The suppression of REs is demonstrated by showing the effect of increasing plasma density on the separatrix in momentum space between thermal electrons and REs. |
16,468 | Please write an abstract with title: Eigenmode SNR increasing method for ML criterion based space-time linear precoder, and key words: MIMO, Bit error rate, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Computer simulation, Wireless communication, Maximum likelihood decoding, Transmitters, Fading, Channel state information, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: We propose an eigenmode SNR increasing method for a maximum likelihood (ML) criterion based space-time linear precoder (ML-STLP). In the proposed method, several ML-STLPs are employed for one frame whereas only one ML-STLP is employed in the conventional method. When over two ML-STLPs are employed, the same ML-STLPs, which have short preceded symbol length, are arranged in parallel. Also, a length of preceded symbol for one frame and a data rate are same between the proposed method and the conventional method. We investigate the effect of the preceded symbol length on the resulting eigenmode SNR and show that the eigenmode SNR increasing can be achieved by selecting the preceded symbol length with higher eigenmode SNR depending on the channel condition. Also, the applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by a computer simulation. |
16,469 | Please write an abstract with title: A multi-time scale tie-line energy and reserve allocation model considering wind power uncertainties for multi-area systems, and key words: Wind power generation, Power grids, Wind forecasting, Fuels, Optical wavelength conversion, Resource management, Schedules. Abstract: Continued expansion of the power grid and the increasing proportion of wind power centralized integration leads to requirements in sharing both energy and reserves among multiple areas under a hierarchical control structure, which successively requires a correction between schedule plans within multi-time scale. In order to address this problem, this paper develops an information integration method integrating complicated relationships among fuel cost, total thermal power output, reserve capacity, owned reserves and expectations of load shedding and wind curtailment, into three types of time-related relationship curves. Furthermore, a multi-time scale tieline energy and reserves allocation model is proposed, which contains two levels in the control structure, two time scales in dispatch sequence and multiple areas integrated within wind farms as scheduling objects. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested in a 9-bus test system and IEEE 118-bus system. The results show that a cross-regional control center is able to approach the optimal scheduling results of the whole system with the integrated uploaded relationship curves. The proposed model not only relieves energy and reserve shortages in partial areas but also allocates them to more urgent need areas in a high effectivity manner in both day-ahead and intraday time scales. |
16,470 | Please write an abstract with title: Design, construction and operation of a surge analyser, and key words: Corona, Wires, Rail transportation, Transmission line measurements, Telephone sets, Surges, Surge protection. Abstract: This paper describes the design, construction and operation of an instrument that records: |
16,471 | Please write an abstract with title: A modified adaptive hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic power systems, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Power system simulation, Feedback, Voltage, Power generation, Signal processing algorithms, Power system dynamics, Switching converters, Topology. Abstract: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) must usually be integrated with photovoltaic (PV) power systems so that the photovoltaic arrays are able to deliver maximum available power. In this paper, a modified adaptive hill climbing (MAHC) MPPT method is introduced. It can be treated as an extension of the traditional hill climbing algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed MPPT control can avoid tracking deviation and result in improved performance in both dynamic response and steady-state. |
16,472 | Please write an abstract with title: CC2Vec: Distributed Representations of Code Changes, and key words: Semantics, Neural networks, Tools, Predictive models, Software, Task analysis, Software engineering. Abstract: Existing work on software patches often use features specific to a single task. These works often rely on manually identified features, and human effort is required to identify these features for each task. In this work, we propose CC2Vec, a neural network model that learns a representation of code changes guided by their accompanying log messages, which represent the semantic intent of the code changes. CC2Vec models the hierarchical structure of a code change with the help of the attention mechanism and uses multiple comparison functions to identify the differences between the removed and added code. To evaluate if CC2Vec can produce a distributed representation of code changes that is general and useful for multiple tasks on software patches, we use the vectors produced by CC2Vec for three tasks: log message generation, bug fixing patch identification, and just-in-time defect prediction. In all tasks, the models using CC2Vec outperform the state-of-the-art techniques. |
16,473 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy optimization of subthreshold-voltage sensor network processors, and key words: Sensor systems and applications, Application software, Computer networks, Circuit synthesis, Microarchitecture, Performance analysis, Memory architecture, CMOS process, Photovoltaic cells, Manufacturing. Abstract: Sensor network processors and their applications are a growing area of focus in computer system research and design. Inherent to this design space is a reduced processing performance requirement and extremely high energy constraints, such that sensor network processors must execute low-performance tasks for long durations on small energy supplies. In this paper, we demonstrate that subthreshold-voltage circuit design (400 mV and below) lends itself well to the performance and energy demands of sensor network processors. Moreover, we show that the landscape for microarchitectural energy optimization dramatically changes in the subthreshold domain. The dominance of leakage power in the subthreshold regime demands architectures that i) reduce overall area; ii) increase the utility of transistors; while iii) maintaining acceptable CPI efficiency. We confirm these observations by performing SPICE-level analysis of 21 sensor network processors and memory architectures. Our best sensor platform, implemented in 130nm CMOS and operating at 235 mV, only consumes 1.38 pJ/instruction, nearly an order of magnitude less energy than previously published sensor network processor results. This design, accompanied by bulk-silicon solar cells for energy scavenging, has been manufactured by IBM and is currently being tested. |
16,474 | Please write an abstract with title: Specification Patterns of Service-Based Applications Using Blockchain Technology, and key words: Quality of service, Security, Internet of Things, Scalability, Smart contracts, Cloud computing. Abstract: With the fast development of information technologies, traditional value-added chain business models are shifting to service-based applications (SBAs) to cope with ever-changing user behaviors and the modern social system. An SBA allows an organization to utilize external and distributed resources to achieve its business goals, especially when the Internet of Thing (IoT) will soon become mainstream. However, the development of SBAs is at its early stage with a number of unsolved issues, such as the availability of effective methods for services selection and composition, semantic representation of specifications, and security assurances. This article aims to address two main issues in SBAs: 1) the standardization of formulation and 2) the security assurance. A systematic method is proposed to formulate the specifications of services, the prevalent blockchain technology (BCT) is adopted to enable SBAs, and the proposed specification patterns and BCT are integrated as a BCT-based quality-of-service (QoS) framework to support service selections and workflow compositions. |
16,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and reduction of reference frames for motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/JVT/H.264, and key words: Motion estimation, MPEG 4 Standard, Automatic voltage control, Video coding, ISO standards, IEC standards, Digital signal processing, Design engineering, Information analysis, Standards development. Abstract: In the new video coding standard, MPEG-4 AVC/JVT/H.264, motion estimation is allowed to use multiple reference frames. The reference software adopts a full search scheme, and the increased computation is in proportion to the number of searched reference frames. However, the reduction of prediction residues is highly dependent on the nature of the sequences, not on the number of searched frames. We present a method to speed up the matching process for multiple reference frames. For each macroblock, we analyze the available information after intra prediction and motion estimation from the previous frame to determine whether it is necessary to search more frames. The information we use includes selected mode, inter prediction residues, intra prediction residues, and motion vectors. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can save up to 90% of unnecessary frames while keeping the average miss rate of optimal frames less than 4%. |
16,476 | Please write an abstract with title: Linking control networks and wireless personal area networks, and key words: Joining processes, Wireless personal area networks, Field buses, Automation, Personal digital assistants, Automatic control, Computer networks, Consumer electronics, Peer to peer computing, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: Automation networks tend to become smarter and more consumer-oriented. New technologies, initially not intended for automation purposes, offer new possibilities and increased functionality for control and monitoring applications. This paper gives an overview on how intercommunication between to entirely different networks such as fieldbus systems, used for automation networks and wireless personal area networks (WPANs), embedded in modern consumer electronic devices can lead to new services. The major challenge is the integration of WPANs into existing and proven automation applications. This introductory paper emphasizes on intercommunication, services at the application layer level and on how to combine the individual advantages of these networks to extend the functionality and allow new services. The approach presented here is universal and can be applied to any automation system. In section V we present some results of the implementation of selected services. |
16,477 | Please write an abstract with title: PoGO-Net: Pose Graph Optimization with Graph Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Pose estimation, Benchmark testing, Cameras, Robustness, Graph neural networks. Abstract: Accurate camera pose estimation or global camera re-localization is a core component in Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and SLAM systems. Given pair-wise relative camera poses, pose-graph optimization (PGO) involves solving for an optimized set of globally-consistent absolute camera poses. In this work, we propose a novel PGO scheme fueled by graph neural networks (GNN), namely PoGO-Net, to conduct the absolute camera pose regression leveraging multiple rotation averaging (MRA). Specifically, PoGO-Net takes a noisy view-graph as the input, where the nodes and edges are designed to encode the geometric constraints and local graph consistency. Besides, we address the outlier edge removal by exploiting an implicit edge-dropping scheme where the noisy or corrupted edges are effectively filtered out with parameterized networks. Furthermore, we introduce a joint loss function embedding MRA formulation such that the robust inference is capable of achieving real-time performances even for large-scale scenes. Our proposed network is trained end-to-end on public benchmarks, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches in extensive experiments that demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed network. |
16,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Expected run-time distortion based media streaming with server diversity, and key words: Streaming media, Runtime, Network servers, Decoding, Bandwidth, Web and internet services, Encoding, MPEG 4 Standard, Jitter, Forward error correction. Abstract: This paper studies the streaming of packetized media from multiple servers to a receiver over a lossy network with retransmissions. Considering the packet interdependencies, decoding deadline requirements and diversified network/server conditions, we propose a receiver-driven media streaming framework that requests the most "important" packet for transmission at each request opportunity in order to minimize the end-to-end distortion while conforming to the rate constraints dictated by the flow, window and congestion control mechanisms. Simulation results demonstrate the benefit of exploiting server diversity with our proposed media streaming framework. |
16,479 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying Errors in Service Transformer Connections, and key words: Time series analysis, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Smart meters, Labeling, Personnel, Resilience. Abstract: Distribution system models play a critical role in the modern grid, driving distributed energy resource integration through hosting capacity analysis and providing insight into critical areas of interest such as grid resilience and stability. Thus, the ability to validate and improve existing distribution system models is also critical. This work presents a method for identifying service transformers which contain errors in specifying the customers connected to the low-voltage side of that transformer. Pairwise correlation coefficients of the smart meter voltage time series are used to detect when a customer is not in the transformer grouping that is specified in the model. The proposed method is demonstrated both on synthetic data as well as a real utility feeder, and it successfully identifies errors in the transformer labeling in both datasets. |
16,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Tool Construction with Gated Graph Neural Network, and key words: Tools, Data models, Robots, Task analysis, Training, Solid modeling, Neural networks. Abstract: Autonomous tool construction is a significant but challenging task in robotics. This task can be interpreted as when given a reference tool, selecting some available candidate parts to reconstruct it. Most of the existing works perform tool construction in the form of action part and grasp part, which is only a specific construction pattern and limits its application to some extent. In general scenarios, a tool can be constructed in various patterns with different part pairs. Therefore, whether a part pair is most suitable for constructing the tool depends not only on itself, but on other parts in the same scene. To solve this problem, we construct a Gated Graph Neural Network (GGNN) to model the relations between all part pairs, so that we can select the candidate parts in consideration of the global information. Afterwards, we embed the constructed GGNN into a RCNN-like structure to finally accomplish tool construction. The whole model will be named Tool Construction Graph RCNN (TC-GRCNN). In addition, we develop a mechanism that can generate large-scale training and testing data in simulation environments, by which we can save the time of data collection and annotation. Finally, the proposed model is deployed on the physical robot. The experiment results show that TC-GRCNN can perform well in the general scenarios of tool construction. |
16,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast and Accurate Crater Detection on Martian Surface Using SUN et 3+, and key words: Laser radar, Mechatronics, Radar detection, Radar imaging, Network architecture, Optical imaging, Computational efficiency. Abstract: Crater detection algorithms (CDAs), playing a key role in deep space exploration and planetary science, could help researchers determine the age and depth of the planetary surface by identifying the location, size and amounts of impact craters on planetary surface. In this paper, we propose a simplified full-scale skip connected UN et termed SUN et 3+ to achieve fast and accurate crater detection on Mars surface with digital elevation model (DEM) data. The full-scale connection in SUNet 3+ could incorporate low-scale and large-scale features of craters to improve detection accuracy. And the skip connection could improve the computation efficiency with less network parameters than other UN et-series models. The experimental results show that our proposed architecture achieve a 84.97% accuracy with 13.6 MB size which make it possible to deploy the algorithms on aerospace crafts with high computation efficiency. |
16,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Resonance absorption in the surface wave plasma, and key words: Resonance, Absorption, Surface waves, Plasma waves, Plasma density, Electrons, Plasma sources, Plasma materials processing, Plasma simulation, Production. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. A planar surface wave plasma (SWP) has been expected to be one of the next generation plasma sources for processing and extensively studied. Why the efficiency of the energy absorption is so good and as the results high density plasma is sustained, are still not clear. It is said that the oscillating Efield of the surface wave parallel to the density gradient would resonantly excite electrons plasma waves and then waves produce high energy electrons that are responsible for high density plasma production. We call it a resonant absorption model in SWP. In order to investigate the resonant absorption model PIC-MCC simulations have been done The PIC-MCC code (XPDP1) developed by the California University group is modified to include an evanescently oscillating E-field and used. The decay constant of the E-field is determined from the E-field distributions calculated from FDTD method. As a result, it has been shown that the electrostatic waves observed in the simulation are electron plasma waves, and the waves may produce high energy electrons, which may sustain a high density plasma. The high efficient energy absorption comes from the resonant conversion from electromagnetic waves to electron plasma waves and the large effective collision frequency. |
16,483 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of the Prototype for Hybrid Production of Multi-Type Products, and key words: Training, Prototypes, Transportation, Production, Packaging, System recovery, Real-time systems. Abstract: A smart manufacturing prototype called iCandy Box, used for hybrid packing of assorted candies, was designed to study and verify the cyber-physical control methods. The prototype is aimed to provide personalized consumption, as it can perform flexible and customized production. The prototype is powered by a cloud-edge-end enabled collaborative information framework, which can support both industrial big data and artificial intelligence applications. Furthermore, it is characterized by modularization and interdisciplinarity; therefore, it can be used to carry out both experiments and training in several major fields, including smart manufacturing and IoT. The experimental results have shown that the prototype can carry out hybrid production, paving the way for the study and verification of cyber-physical control methods. |
16,484 | Please write an abstract with title: 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method, and key words: Jitter, Magnetic films, Writing, Strips, Lithography, Image storage, Material storage, Laboratories, Manufacturing, Self-assembly. Abstract: Summary form only given. Patterned media have attracted great attention due to the expectation that they will lead to the realization of 1 Tb/in/sup 2/ HDD. One of the most serious problems, however, is the high cost of manufacturing circular nano-patterns with a large area. We show an artificially assisted self-assembling method, which includes simple nano-patterning using a nano-imprint lithography and fine nano-patterning using self-assembling diblock polymers. |
16,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic detection of vessel wall contours from cine-MRI for aortic compliance determination, and key words: Filters, Image edge detection, Biomedical imaging, Cardiology, Blood pressure, Magnetic resonance imaging, Image sequences, Magnetic resonance, Bifurcation, Brachytherapy. Abstract: The aortic compliance is defined as the relative change of aortic cross-sectional area divided by the change in arterial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate aortic compliance. A knowledge of the aortic contour is essential to determine the aortic area. To prevent important intra-and inter-observer variability, the aortic contours are detected automatically. This work consists in extracting automatically the aortic contour at different phases of the cardiac cycle. An automatic edge detection making use of a Haralick filter and graph searching allows the estimation of aortic cross-sectional area on MR images, from which the aortic compliance is derived |
16,486 | Please write an abstract with title: Attitude Estimation of Multi-axis Steering UGV using MEMS IMU, and key words: Acceleration, Accelerometers, Micromechanical devices, Estimation, Gyroscopes, Sensors, Time measurement. Abstract: This paper focuses on multi-axis steering UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicles), proposes a vehicle attitude estimation method in field environment based on MEMS (Micro-electromechanical Systems) IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). A low-cost MEMS gyro cannot be used because of the drift problem. Typically, an accelerometer is used to correct this drift by measuring the attitude from gravitational acceleration. However, accelerometer measurements are usually corrupted by external accelerations produced due to vehicle movements. So, in this paper, we design acceleration-free kinematic model to overcome MEMS IMU's measurement drift along longitudinal and lateral directions. An EKF (Extend Kalman Filter) is designed which implements the proposed solution and uses the accelerometer in conjunction with the gyroscope to accurately determine the attitude of a vehicle. Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm scheme can maintain sub-degree accuracy for attitude estimation in unknown environments with obstacles. |
16,487 | Please write an abstract with title: Techniques for the segmentation of striation patterns, and key words: Lighting, Image segmentation, Azimuth, Forensics, Light sources, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Image databases, Image processing, Robustness, Qualifications. Abstract: In this contribution, image processing techniques are investigated to robustly segment faint striation patterns from mainly isotropic background areas. Whereas well-known procedures to determine local anisotropy can be applied directly to single images, this paper describes an alternative strategy that uses an illumination series. The series is obtained with a spot illumination whose azimuth is varied systematically. The technique is based on the characteristics of the local contrast with respect to the azimuth of the illumination: Whereas pronounced maxima of the local contrast can be observed when the striae are illuminated perpendicularly, an isotropic background texture shows less distinct maxima for random azimuth angles. The qualification of the approach is demonstrated on the segmentation of faint tool marks in forensic science. Experimental results show that the methodology ensures the correct segmentation of such marks. |
16,488 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Magnetic Transduction Scheme and Electronic Processing for Sensing Rotary-Shaft Position Over Full-Circle Range, and key words: Sensors, Magnetic sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Transducers, Sensitivity, Mechanical sensors, Sensor systems. Abstract: Angular position of a through-shaft (TS) is an important measurand whose value needs to be accurately estimated in a number of industrial scenarios. This article brings forward the design, analysis, and hardware-based evaluation of a new magnetic transduction module and associated electronics for TS angle (TSA) estimation. The proposed transduction module enables noncontact and full-circle operation using an intelligent arrangement of magnetic disks and two Hall sensors. This easy-to-fabricate module is analyzed and its (nonlinear) characteristics are derived. Optimal specifications for the transducer are also ascertained using this analysis. Furthermore, a simple electronic processor, implementing new linearization function, is employed to realize an automated TS sensing system. This system retains all merits of magnetic sensor and reluctance techniques and eliminated many issues of the previous TS sensor systems. A hardware prototype of the transducer and electronic processor is built and tested. Test results show that the developed system can measure TSA over 360° range with error <0.8%. This article, in its final part, discusses the comparison of the developed scheme with prior art as well as the recommendations for fabricating an equivalent industrial model of the proposed system. |
16,489 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-tuning precompensation of PID based heading control of a flying robot, and key words: Three-term control, Radio control, Tuning, Steady-state, Pi control, Proportional control, Robot control, Control systems, Fuzzy control, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: In this paper, an online self-tuning precompensation for a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed to control heading direction of a flying robot. The flying robot is a highly nonlinear plant, it is a modified X-Cell 60 radio-controlled helicopter. Heading direction is controlled to evaluate efficiency of the proposed precompensation algorithm. The heading control is based on the conventional PID control combined with an online self-tuning precompensation so that both the desired transient and steady state responses can be achieved. The precompensation is applied to compensate unsatisfied performances of the conventional PID controller by adjusting reference command of the conventional PID controller. The precompensator is based on Takagi-Sugeno's type fuzzy model, which learns to tune itself online. The main contribution of the proposed controller is to enhance the controlled performance of the conventional PID controller by adding a self-tuning precompensator on the existing conventional PID controller. The results show that the conventional PID controller with an online self-tuning precompensation has a superior performance than the conventional PID controller. In addition, the online self-tuning precompensation algorithm is implemented simply by adding the precompensator to the existing conventional PID controller and letting the self-tuning mechanism tune itself online. |
16,490 | Please write an abstract with title: 2022 IEEE Fellows Elevation and Recognition, and key words: Awards. Abstract: Presents a listing of MMTS society members who were elevated to the status of IEEE Fellow in 2022. |
16,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a robotic pet based interactive home healthcare system, and key words: Robots, Positron emission tomography, Medical services, Control systems, Biomedical monitoring, Data communication, Costs, Robust control. Abstract: Using entertaining robotic pets in home healthcare monitoring is the new idea featured in our research project reported in this paper. The structure, features and control system of this system are presented, which can make sure that the robot pet reliably accomplishes the vital physiological data collection, data transmission and healthcare tasks with strong situation adaptability, low cost and high robustness. |
16,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Fabrication of sub-THz Steerable Photonic Transmitter 1×4 Array for Short-Distance Wireless Links, and key words: Phased arrays, Performance evaluation, Wireless networks, Photonic integrated circuits, Silicon nitride, Planar arrays, Packaging. Abstract: In this paper we present the latest results on the design, fabrication and test of stand-alone photonic devices devoted to ultra-high bandwidth wireless access networks operating near the Terahertz (THz) band. We review the sub-THz photonics-based technology devices developed as part of the TERAPOD project, comprising the monolithically integrated Silicon Nitride photonic integrated circuit for phase distribution, the 1×4 array of integrated Uni-Travelling Carrier Photo-Diodes (UTC-PDs) and the radiative design of the high-frequency four element linear patch antenna array based on Benzocyclobutene (BCB) layers. We also report the suitability to assemble all those components in a robust small-form factor hybrid package. |
16,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Feature Learning to Quantitative Prediction of Software Defects, and key words: Software testing, Correlation coefficient, Conferences, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Maintenance engineering, Software systems. Abstract: Defect prediction forecasts defect proneness or the number of defects contained in software systems. It is frequently employed to efficiently prioritize and allocate the limited testing resources to the modules that are more likely to be defective during the process of software development and maintenance. Consequently, a number of defect prediction approaches have been proposed. Most of the existing approaches on defect prediction regard defect prediction as a classification problem in which programs are classified as buggy or non-buggy. However, identifying the defect proneness of a given software module is not sufficient in practical software testing. The research on predicting the number of defects is limited and the performances of these approaches are constantly being optimized and improved. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel approach that leverages a convolutional neural network to predict the number of defects in software systems automatically. First, we preprocess the PROMISE dataset, which involves performing natural logarithm transformation and data normalization. Second, we feed the preprocessed dataset to a specially designed convolutional neural network-based model to predict the number of defects. Third, we rank the software modules according to the corresponding predicted number of defects in descending order. We also evaluate the proposed approach on a well-known dataset by cross-validation. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed approach is both accurate and robust, and it improves the state of the art. On average, it significantly improves the Kendall correlation coefficient by 16% and the fault-percentile-average by 4%. |
16,494 | Please write an abstract with title: GWO Based Reduced-Order Modeling of Doha Water Treatment Plant, and key words: Uncertainty, System performance, Stability criteria, Transfer functions, Signal processing algorithms, Markov processes, Linear programming. Abstract: Uncertainty in system parameters can have major impact on system performance. So, uncertainty should be considered while analyzing the performance of system. The uncertainty can be included by considering model as interval system. This study develops an interval model for Doha water treatment system. Firstly, interval model is obtained while considering finite range of uncertainty in transfer function. Then, order reduction method is applied to reduce the order of interval system. To derive the model, an objective function is designed which is a function of time moments and Markov parameters. The objective function minimization is obtained through grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. The GWO is found to be very effective in exploring and exploiting the search space. Due to this, the GWO is considered for minimization of objective function in this study. The results obtained support the efficacy and effectiveness of GWO for minimization of objective function designed for model reduction of interval system of Doha treatment plant. |
16,495 | Please write an abstract with title: State and Parameter Estimation in a Semitrailer for Different Loading Conditions Only Based on Trailer Signals, and key words: Pressure sensors, Loading, Estimation, Production, Position measurement, Tires, Sensor systems. Abstract: For further development of assistance systems and autonomous systems for tractor-semitrailers, knowledge of relevant trailer states and parameters is necessary. However, the trailer is sparsely equipped with sensors and the standardized communication between truck and trailer is reduced to braking signals. This paper presents an approach for estimating the lateral and vertical tire forces, roll behavior and articulation angle of the trailer for different loading conditions solely based on trailer signals using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Due to missing information from the truck, the varying mass and center of gravity (COG) based on different loading conditions must be estimated only on trailer signals. The investigation on structural observability shows that an estimation of all unknown parameters with the UKF is not possible. Thus, the usage of a substitute mass and COG is necessary and calculated based on the trailer’s axle load and domain knowledge of the usual practical loading distribution. The method is validated for different substitute masses and COGs with experimental data from a fully and partially loaded trailer. |
16,496 | Please write an abstract with title: Techniques of reconstructing overlay multicast trees for multimedia streaming, and key words: Streaming media, Lab-on-a-chip, Automatic logic units. Abstract: Overlay multicast is an efficient and employable approach for delivering multimedia content to a large number of receivers. A key problem in overlay multicast is how to deal with node failures and ungraceful leavings. When a non-leaf end host fails or leaves the multicast session, all downstream nodes will be affected. In this paper, we adopt the proactive approach, which pre-calculates a candidate node (called parent-to-be) for each node to connect to in case its current parent dies. The goal is to recover the multicast tree quickly so that the disruption of service to those affected nodes is minimized. We combine the local parent-to-be locating and global parent-to-be locating schemes together, in order to take advantage of less interference among affected nodes in the local scheme and the flexibility of the global scheme. The quality of the recovered tree is improved while the responsiveness of the proactive approach is maintained. |
16,497 | Please write an abstract with title: New perspectives in time(d) Petri nets and their analysis, and key words: Petri nets, Clocks, Reachability analysis, Timing, Finishing, System recovery, Time factors, Tires, Job shop scheduling, Industrial engineering. Abstract: Time(d) Petri nets (PNs) modify the basic PN semantics to model temporal relations and constraints of a system. This paper shows how to model these relations without modifying the basic definition of PNs, and is an extension of another paper, where time is represented as a state of a system, to improve its analysis methods. Temporal and logical relations are naturally intertwined, enabling the conventional reachability analysis to be used for answering such questions such as "can the system finish all the jobs within a specified period of time?" The firing of a transition, called clock, models clock ticking. It deposits tokens, i.e. time units, to some places. The output transitions of these places model finishing of the events and their corresponding arc weights model the amount of time needed to finish these events. It is possible to model scheduling of due dates and to calculate tardiness. The reachability analysis is also improved through transforming a PN into conflict-free subnets by duplicating some places and transitions, if the transformation is possible and efficient, to find firing sequences leading to target markings and deadlocks. Another technique for the reachability analysis is also discussed where there is no need for creating conflict-free subnets. |
16,498 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-calibration of multiple-line-lasers based on coplanarity and Epipolar constraints for wide area shape scan using moving camera, and key words: Bundle adjustment, Energy consumption, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Shape, Lasers, Buildings, Cameras. Abstract: High-precision three-dimensional scanning systems have been intensively researched and developed. Recently, for acquisition of large scale scene with high density, simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) technique is preferred because of its simplicity; a single sensor that is moved around freely during 3D scanning. However, to integrate multiple scans, captured data as well as position of each sensor must be highly accurate, making these systems difficult to use in environments not accessible by humans, such as underwater, internal body, or outer space. In this paper, we propose a new, flexible system with multiple line lasers that reconstructs dense and accurate 3D scenes. The advantages of our proposed system are (1) no need of synchronization nor precalibration between lasers and a camera, and (2) the system can reconstruct 3D scenes in extreme conditions, such as underwater. We propose a new self-calibration method leveraging coplanarity and Epipolar constraints is proposed. We also propose a new bundle adjustment (BA) technique that is tailored to the system for a dense integration of multiple line laser scans. Experimental evaluation in both air and underwater environments confirms the advantages of the proposed method. |
16,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep-Quantile-Regression-Based Surrogate Model for Joint Chance-Constrained Optimal Power Flow With Renewable Generation, and key words: Uncertainty, Load flow, Distribution networks, Reactive power, Training, Indexes, Distributed power generation. Abstract: Joint chance-constrained optimal power flow (JCC-OPF) is a promising tool for managing distributed renewable generation uncertainties. However, existing works are usually based on power flow equations, which require accurate network parameters that may be unobservable in many distribution systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a learning-based surrogate model for JCC-OPF with renewable generation. This model equivalently converts joint chance constraints into quantile-based forms. Two multi-layer perceptrons are trained based on special loss functions to predict the quantile of constraint violations and expected power loss. By reformulating these two MLPs into mixed-integer linear constraints, we can replicate the JCC-OPF without network parameters. Two pre-processing steps, i.e., data augmentation and calibration, are further developed to improve its performance. The former trains a simulator to generate more training samples for enhancing the prediction accuracy of MLPs. The latter designs a positive parameter based on empirical prediction errors to calibrate the outputs of MLPs so that feasibility can be guaranteed. Numerical experiments based on the IEEE 33- and 123-bus systems validate that the proposed model can achieve desirable feasibility and optimality simultaneously with no need for network parameters. |
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