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16,600 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Allocation of EV Charging Stations in a Radial Distribution Network Using Probabilistic Load Modeling, and key words: Load modeling, Probabilistic logic, Batteries, Charging stations, Distribution networks, Queueing analysis, Electric vehicle charging. Abstract: Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (CSs) are the coupling point between the power grid and the transport network. Operational behaviour of EVs will affect both the networks simultaneously. Thus, the optimal placement of CSs in a distribution network plays a vital role. This paper proposes a novel method for optimal placement of EV charging stations considering loss minimization of the electrical grid, as well as EVs’ power loss during travel towards charging station. CS’s utilization factor helps to determine the number of CSs required in a network by ensure the effective usage of the investment in the CS infrastructure. Instead of a constant load/static load demand, the proposed work uses a queueing model for the dynamic behaviour of a CS serviceability. To capture the uncertainty in electrical demand and EV behaviour, a probabilistic load modelling (PLM) method is employed. With the recognized modelling, this work can optimally allocate CSs in a distribution network. The problem is structured as a multi-objective optimization problem. Simulation experiments are conducted on a test system to illustrate the proposed method. The influence on voltage profile, CS utilization, and load uncertainty are analyzed and presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
16,601 | Please write an abstract with title: A Latent Dirichlet Allocation Technique for Opinion Mining of Online Reviews of Global Chain Hotels, and key words: Text mining, Industries, COVID-19, Analytical models, Sentiment analysis, Asia, Machine learning. Abstract: The hospitality industry has faced unprecedented challenges with the outbreak of Covid-19, which has changed customers' expectations. Therefore, it is essential to identify customers' new perceptions and expectations that lead to positive and negative opinions towards the service providers. Accordingly, this study aims to perform topic modeling and sentiment analysis on 94,200 online reviews of five global chain hotels in South Asia. Topic modeling as a text mining, unsupervised machine learning technique can decipher topics from a corpus such as online reviews, online reports, news covers, etc. In this study, the data is extracted from Trip Advisor through web scraping. Topic modeling is performed using the Latent Dirichlet Approach (LDA) on the extracted data set to analyze the key topics mentioned by the customers in the online reviews. The analysis depicted that cleanliness, food, staff, and service were the main concerns of the hotel guests. Furthermore, the findings represented that the main issues impacting the hotel guests were service delays. However, food and services were the keywords with the maximum word count as depicted by topic modeling. |
16,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Issues in Fog Computing, and key words: Fault tolerance, Data privacy, Distributed ledger, Smart contracts, Fault tolerant systems, Blockchain, Logic gates. Abstract: Fog computing (FC) is complementary to cloud, and widely used for communication, computation, and storage in real time IoT devices and applications. Fog nodes are present in FC that is connected to many IoT devices through different gateways that makes FC prone to attacks. Due to vulnerable nature of FC, security has been always a prominent issue and that needs to be talk about and resolved efficiently. In this paper, different security issues of FC are discussed along with the causes. The presented paper mainly focuses on the solutions of the FC security issues with blockchain (BC) technology and categorizes the solutions in detailed table form. BC-FC integration is an important factor for understanding security solutions of FC, which is also discussed in a well-organized manner. |
16,603 | Please write an abstract with title: A discussion on the crosstalk in longitudinal and perpendicular recording, and key words: Crosstalk, Perpendicular magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Magnetic analysis, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic anisotropy, Soft magnetic materials, Analytical models, Magnetization, Integral equations. Abstract: The side write and crosstalk behavior of longitudinal and perpendicular recording using different head types is analyzed theoretically. Results for the semi-infinite wedge head model, a finite head with a gap, a single pole (SP) head, and a single pole head with a soft magnetic layer below the recording medium are compared. The computations for these head models, except the semi-infinite wedge head model, are carried out by using the "magnetic field surface integral equation method." It appears that the perpendicular recording mode has superior crosstalk properties at high densities for the mentioned head models. The results are compared with those of a vertical dipole head model. A head model which consists of two uniformly charged planes is proposed for the single pole head. The results for this model are in reasonable agreement with the results for the single pole head. Furthermore the model allows fast analytical field calculations. |
16,604 | Please write an abstract with title: A Technique for Improving Voltage Breakdown Threshold, and key words: Dielectric breakdown, Electric breakdown, Impedance, Conductors, Inductance, Capacitance, Plasma waves, Testing, Feeds, Transmission line theory. Abstract: An antenna design innovation has been developed which provides high power handling capability in low pressure air, and may be used to reduce near-field plasma losses. |
16,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Impulse Current Measurement Device Based on Uniform Spiral Magnetic Induction Module, and key words: Spirals, Magnetic field measurement, Voltage measurement, Current measurement, Linearity, Frequency measurement, Magnetic fields. Abstract: Lightning striking power system will produce a strong impulse current, and generate a very high ground potential rise on the equipment, which seriously endangers the safety of equipment and personnel. Therefore, the accuracy of impulse current measurement is related to the safe and stable operation of power system. In order to measure impulse current efficiently, conveniently and accurately, a wide frequency magnetic field sensor based on Archimedes spiral structure is developed. Firstly, the structure design and parameter calculation of the magnetic field sensor with Archimedes spiral structure are carried out. Compared with the traditional solenoid sensor, the single-layer sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor with Archimedes spiral structure is increased by 7.18 times. Through software simulation, the capacitance to ground of the magnetic field sensor is 1.0578pf; the rise time of the step response is 20.4ns, and the overshoot is 4.4%; the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of the magnetic field sensor are 3Hz and 21mhz respectively. The simulation results show that the magnetic field sensor has excellent high-frequency characteristics and dynamic response characteristics. Compared with the standard of national high voltage measurement station, the amplitude error is better than 0.2%, the linearity of rise time error is better than 0.2%, and the linearity of half peak time error is better than 0.1%. The non-contact accurate measurement of impulse current is realized. |
16,606 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Children at Risk of Schizophrenia via Deep Learning and EEG Responses, and key words: Feature extraction, Machine learning, Electroencephalography, Brain modeling, Pediatrics, Standards. Abstract: The prospective identification of children likely to develop schizophrenia is a vital tool to support early interventions that can mitigate the risk of progression to clinical psychosis. Electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns from brain activity and deep learning techniques are valuable resources in achieving this identification. We propose automated techniques that can process raw EEG waveforms to identify children who may have an increased risk of schizophrenia compared to typically developing children. We also analyse abnormal features that remain during developmental follow-up over a period of ~4 years in children with a vulnerability to schizophrenia initially assessed when aged 9 to 12 years. EEG data from participants were captured during the recording of a passive auditory oddball paradigm. We undertake a holistic study to identify brain abnormalities, first by exploring traditional machine learning algorithms using classification methods applied to hand-engineered features (event-related potential components). Then, we compare the performance of these methods with end-to-end deep learning techniques applied to raw data. We demonstrate via average cross-validation performance measures that recurrent deep convolutional neural networks can outperform traditional machine learning methods for sequence modeling. We illustrate the intuitive salient information of the model with the location of the most relevant attributes of a post-stimulus window. This baseline identification system in the area of mental illness supports the evidence of developmental and disease effects in a pre-prodromal phase of psychosis. These results reinforce the benefits of deep learning to support psychiatric classification and neuroscientific research more broadly. |
16,607 | Please write an abstract with title: On the role of electrons in RF breakdown, and key words: Electrons, Radio frequency, Electric breakdown, Magnetic field measurement, Heating, Niobium, Pollution measurement, Surface treatment, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness. Abstract: Measurements on two types of S-band single-cell cavities are reported. In these investigations our interest has been directed toward questions concerning the location and mechanisms of magnetic field breakdown in these cavities. The results show that in TM modes the surface electric fields are an important factor in the initiation of rf breakdown. Among the mechanisms for rf breakdown are: localized heating initiated by multipacting electrons, deterioration of the superconducting properties through the impact of electrons, and inherent inhomogeneities in the surface. In order to reduce the electron loading and subsequent field limitation, careful treatments have been applied to the surface. In doing this fields of 81 mT in an electron free mode and 40 mT and 25 MV/m in TM modes were attained in one type of cavity. In the other type cavity 67 mT and 38 MV/m have been attained. |
16,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Kirigami Skin Based Flexible Whisker Sensor, and key words: Sensitivity, Robot sensing systems, Skin, Sensors, Reliability, Conducting materials, Task analysis. Abstract: Whiskers are widely used by animals for sensing physical interactions with their environments. By combining the Kirigami skin pop-up feature and flexible conducting layer, we designed a deployable Kirigami whisker sensor. The sensor can deploy from a flat state to a sensing state while whisker stiffness and initial pop-up angle can be tuned by adjusting the pre-stretch strain. Preliminary results show that the sensor works well both in air and underwater. The sensor is capable of measuring both externally applied forces and water flow. |
16,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio wave propagation over a rectangular obstacle, and key words: Optical surface waves, Integral equations, Dipole antennas, Optical attenuators, Radio communication, Dielectric materials, Radio transmitters, Electromagnetic fields, Frequency, Optical propagation. Abstract: With the increased use of radio communications systems in cluttered urban environments, there is a growing need for techniques that can be used to estimate the strength of non line of sight propagation. An important model problem for such calculations, and that to which this paper is addressed, concerns the propagation of radio waves over a rectangular dielectric body. |
16,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Interactive Imagery: Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Obesity, and key words: Obesity, Visualization, Psychology, Prototypes, Virtual reality, Usability, Testing. Abstract: This paper proposes a multidisciplinary framework that applies psychological treatment. The framework uses virtual reality to apply guided imagery scenarios, where a person imagines a certain situation positively, to better deal with similar ones in reality. The idea is to use virtual reality to achieve self-efficacy; a self-belief that empowers success. The proposed concept of "Virtual Interactive Imagery" represents immersing users in virtual images to live and interact in a predeveloped scenario positively, instead of having people depend on a facilitator to guide them through imagination. The paper focuses on obesity treatment and the role of imagination in human weight loss. The methodology of creating a virtual system is presented, and a proof of concept for the system is developed and tested through a usability test. |
16,611 | Please write an abstract with title: A programmable positive and negative high-voltage DC-DC converter dedicated for ultrasonic applications, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Acoustic applications, Voltage, Clocks, DC generators, Transmitters, Circuit topology, Charge pumps, Protection, Ultrasonic imaging. Abstract: This paper concerns the design and implementation of a fully integrated programmable high voltage CMOS DC-DC up-converter (PHVUC), followed by a negative high voltage doubler (NHVD) stage, which is dedicated to ultrasonic transmitters. The proposed PHVUC topology is based on a 5-stage charge pump circuit, and a level up shifter is used in each stage as a clock generator in order to increase exponentially the DC voltage. A floating gate technique is used to protect the gate oxide of transistors and a low power, low area level up shifter is proposed. Positive and negative HV DC levels are needed to drive ultrasound cells and are generated by a new NHVD. Post layout simulation results of the proposed circuits, using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS/DMOS high-voltage process technology, show an output voltage range from -100V up to 200V and a fine programmability achieved with 98% gain voltage factor and 45mV output ripples at 2 MHz clock frequency. By implementing the floating gate technique, the power consumption of the level up shifter can be reduced to 50% compared to conventional one. |
16,612 | Please write an abstract with title: A fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making approach for converter transformer fire extinguishing system based on VIKOR model, and key words: Performance evaluation, Substations, Oil insulation, Reliability theory, Explosions, Entropy, Power system reliability. Abstract: There are many fire and explosion accidents involving converter transformer due to its complex structure. In order to ensure the safe operation of the equipment, this paper develops a comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method for converter transformer fire extinguishing system based on VIKOR model. As the reliability against fire and explosions of the fire extinguishing systems are rarely considered in the previous study, the index system in this study is constructed considering the effectiveness, reliability against fire and explosion, and cost of the fire extinguishing systems. To determine more justified weights for criteria with consideration of subjective and objective weights, the solution of Nash equilibrium was taken as the object of coordinated optimization to integrate the fuzzy AHP weight and entropy weight (EW). Then, the relative nearness degree between the evaluation plan and the ideal plan could be calculated based on VIKOR model. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach was demonstrated through a case analysis of five representative substation fire extinguishing systems in China. |
16,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutual Synchronization Properties of a System of Two Oscillators with Sinusoidal Phase Detectors, and key words: Phase detection, Steady-state, Frequency synchronization, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Detectors, Delay, Filters, System performance, Communications Society, Local oscillators. Abstract: Mutual synchronization between two geographically separated phase-locked oscillators is investigated for two different interconnection methods. This includes the so-called single-ended (uncompensated delay) and the double-ended (compensated delay) methods. Explicit formulas for determining the steady-state frequency and phase errors are developed for both methods. Necessary conditions for the existance of a synchronous state are derived in terms of basic system parameters. Finally, a comparison Of the methods of oscillator interconnection is made as a function of the uncompensated channel delays. Graphical results are presented which are useful in determining steadystate system performance. |
16,614 | Please write an abstract with title: Through-Wall Human Motion Recognition Based on Semi-Manual Network, and key words: Training, Analytical models, Technological innovation, Neural networks, Manuals, Smart homes, Radar. Abstract: Through-wall human motion recognition based on deep learning (DL) is an emerging technology research field. It is critical for many applications such as health care and smart homes. In order to improve the recognition performance of DL models and analyze the interpretability of the models, in this paper, a semi-manual through-the-wall radar (TWR) human motion recognition model that combines manual design network and neural architecture search (NAS) based on RegNet network is proposed. Different from the traditional NAS network search for a set of optimal parameter combinations in a given design search space, we optimize the network search space by manually changing the depth and width of the model. Experimental results show that the proposed model not only has faster convergence speed, but also has the best recognition accuracy compared with the ResNeXt-50, Mobilenetv2 and EfficientNet-B7 models. |
16,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Pareto Optimal Binaural MVDR Beamformer with Controllable Interference Suppression, and key words: Interference suppression, Acoustic distortion, Conferences, Noise reduction, Pareto optimization, Speech enhancement, Cost function. Abstract: The objective of binaural multi-microphone speech enhancement algorithms can be viewed as a multi-criteria design problem as there are several requirements to be met. When applying distortionless beamforming, it is necessary to suppress interfering sources and ambient background noise, and to extract an undistorted replica of the target source. In the binaural versions, it is also important to preserve the binaural cues of the target and the interference sources. In this paper, we propose a unified Pareto optimization framework for binaural distortionless beamformers, which is achieved by defining a multi-objective problem (MOP) to control the amount of interference suppression and noise reduction simultaneously. The derivation is given for the multi-interference case by introducing separate mean squared error (MSE) cost functions for each of the respective interference sources and the background noise. A Pareto optimal set of solutions is provided for any set of parameters. The performance of the proposed method in a noisy and reverberant environment is presented, demonstrating the impact of the trade-off parameters using real-signal recordings. |
16,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Programmable Stickers to Monitor Perishable Goods using Blockchain, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Drugs, Temperature, Supply chains, Transportation, Companies. Abstract: The healthcare and medicine production goals are to provide quality goods and prevent any counterfeit drugs with the help of the supply chain. The medicine tends to deteriorate its chemical properties when it is exposed to extremely high temperatures or low temperatures beyond its specified optimum level. The optimum temperature should be controlled even when it is subjected to high or low temperatures. When the medicine is exported, the entire flow process from the manufacturer to the customer should be monitored to meet the goals. The principal motive was to solve the issue of the transport of putrescible goods such as medicines, vaccines food products, etc. liable to the changes in the environment which might affect their chemical composition. An RFID tag is employed to track the temperature of the package, during transportation and storage. The components involved are a passive High-Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (HF-RFID) tag kept within the package to read the surrounding temperature, an RFID reader which gets updated with the readings from the tag, a smart device, here, a phone, to access the information graphically via an application and a temperature adjusting installation inside the containment box. Another biggest challenge is to prevent counterfeit drugs. Blockchain technology is proposed to use in the supply chain to prevent data manipulation and data breaching. The blockchain platform along with the Internet of Things (IoT) framework is used to store and secure data at the end of each process in the supply chain and provided to the customers to view. |
16,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust sensor fault reconstruction for an inverted pendulum using right eigenstructure assignment, and key words: Robustness, Fault detection, Pollution measurement, Actuators, Sensor systems, Wearable sensors, Design methodology, Computer applications, Computer interfaces, Application software. Abstract: This work presents a robust sensor fault reconstruction scheme applied to an inverted pendulum. The scheme utilized a linear observer, using right eigenstructure assignment in order to null the effect of nonlinearities and disturbances on the fault reconstruction. The design method is adapted and modified from existing work in the literature. A suitable interface between the pendulum and a computer enabled the application. Very good results were obtained. |
16,618 | Please write an abstract with title: FA-SSD: A Small Object Detection Algorithm Based on Feature Alignment, and key words: Fuses, Semantics, Object detection, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the SSD algorithm has low detection accuracy for small objects, the FA-SSD algorithm is proposed. The FA-SSD algorithm improves the upsampling path, enhances the semantics of the shallow feature map, and then combines the feature alignment and SE module to design a feature fusion module to fuse features more effectively. The experimental results show that the MAP of the FA-SSD algorithm on the VOC07-test dataset reaches 79.81%, which is 2.01% higher than that of the SSD algorithm, and in our small target dataset, the MAP is 3.61% higher than that of the SSD algorithm, and the FA-SSD algorithm has better detection performance. |
16,619 | Please write an abstract with title: GPRS radio network performance simulation and optimization with dynamic simulator, and key words: Ground penetrating radar, Radio network, Quality of service, Optimization, GSM, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Transport protocols, Media Access Protocol, Physical layer. Abstract: This paper discusses GPRS network performance optimization with a dynamic simulator. Simulator models the GSM/GPRS system and a realistic cellular environment with accurate models of e.g. propagation environment, user mobility and traffic distribution. All the relevant details of GPRS protocol stack (LLC, RLC/MAC and physical layer) are taken into account, but less focus is put on GPRS core network, signaling and IP transport layer effects. After defining a set of key performance indicators (KPI) as the basis for the analysis, a real network configuration scenario was applied with the simulator. This setup was then used when GPRS network performance was investigated in order to find the maximum capacity for both GPRS and voice services. At the same time the effect of different radio resource management (RRM) algorithms and parameter alternatives were studied, together with the dynamic interaction between circuit and packet switched services. As a result of this study, a set of optimized and tuned parameters are suggested, which could help operators to go towards more aggressive network deployments with more advanced RRM schemes and at the same time provide higher quality of service (QoS) to the end users with maximized capacity. |
16,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Models of Information Processing in IoT Networks on the Basis of Fundamental Trigonometric Splines, and key words: Splines (mathematics), Information processing, Internet of Things, Interpolation, Mathematical model, Wireless networks. Abstract: The approach to increase the efficiency of information processing in wireless networks on the basis of the proposed mathematical model is considered. This model is based on fundamental trigonometric splines. The construction of trigonometric splines is shown, as well as the smoothness properties of trigonometric splines, which are important at the stage of construction of these models. The method of the information signal reproduction in the communication system by interpolation of the digital signal, using the fundamental trigonometric spline is proposed. It has been shown that the use of trigonometric splines will allow the reproduction of information signals with less error. The estimation of the complexity of the algorithm for constructing trigonometric splines is compared with the existing ones. An important scientific problem was solved, which consists in improving the methods of information processing in the Internet of Things based on fundamental trigonometric splines. |
16,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy efficient routing algorithms for application to agro-food wireless sensor networks, and key words: Energy efficiency, Routing, Wireless sensor networks, Ambient intelligence, Agriculture, Production, Condition monitoring, Context, Information management, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: Precision agriculture (PA) represents a novel paradigm for managing agro-food production, by monitoring the physical parameters of different farming zones. This might be pursued by means of different communication infrastructures, but the most promising technology seems to be the wireless sensor network (WSN). However, merely applying this approach to the PA context, while resulting in a more flexible communication platform, still exhibits a rigid information management architecture. This limitation can be overcome by applying the ambient intelligent (AmI) paradigm to create an environment highly interactive with all the users involved in the process. Our proposal deals with the porting of the AmI concepts on a highly-integrated WSN platform with a special focus on the routing strategies. In particular, we investigate a class of dynamic flooding algorithm which is aware of the status of neighbor nodes in terms of geographical position and residual battery charge. By comparing this approach with the gossiping and the static flooding schemes, we are able to highlight a remarkable improvement in the network life-time with a particular regard to the most solicited nodes, without increasing complexity. |
16,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Selection Methodology for Si Power MOSFETs Used to Enhance SiC Power MOSFET Short-Circuit Capability With the BaSIC(EMM) Topology, and key words: Silicon, MOSFET, Silicon carbide, Logic gates, Topology, Resistance, Inverters. Abstract: The BaSIC(EMM) topology has been previously demonstrated to improve the short-circuit (SC) capability of 1.2-kV SiC power MOSFETs from 3.5 to 7.4 μs while producing a 17% increase in the net on-state resistance. However, a SC time of 10 μs could not be achieved. In this article, a systematic procedure for selection of the Si power MOSFET used in the BaSIC(EMM) topology is described based on information published by manufacturers of Si power MOSFETs in their datasheets. A tradeoff curve between the Si EMM drain saturation current at 150 °C versus its on-resistance at 25 °C is proposed in this article for determination of the best Si EMM product. The proposed methodology allowed identification of a superior Si EMM device. It was experimentally validated that a SC with-stand time of 11 μs, under a gate bias of 20 V applied to the 1.2-kV SiC power MOSFET at a drain bias of 800 V, was achievable with an increase in on-resistance of only 3.6%. These experimental results demonstrate a greatly improved tradeoff curve between SC time and increase in on-resistance. |
16,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning and Application of Feedback Path Database for Feedback Control in Hearing Aids, and key words: Databases, Hearing aids, Acoustics, Feedback control, Ear, Convergence, Steady-state. Abstract: State-of-the-art feedback control systems make use of adaptive filters to model and compensate for the acoustic feedback paths, which vary in different acoustic situations. In a hearing aid application, the acoustic feedback paths are user dependent and vary over time. Although there are repeatable patterns in these variations, it remains to be seen that modern feedback control systems actively learn from and then use these patterns to improve the adaptive filter performance. In this letter, we present a new idea of learning and storing acoustic feedback paths as hearing aid users wear their hearing aids, and then to apply these learned and stored acoustic feedback paths to control and support the adaptive filter updates, thereby to achieve significantly improved feedback control performance. |
16,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Microwave Cataract (Correspondence), and key words: Lenses, Injuries, Electromagnetic measurements, Network address translation, Electromagnetic radiation, Ionizing radiation, Microwave measurements, Electromagnetic propagation, Microwave propagation, Power measurement. Abstract: The production of cataract by exposure to microwave radiation can occur, although just how it occurs is not well established. Clarification as to the occurrence of cataract in microwave worker population can only be achieved by careful cumulative records of the visual and ophthalmological status of microwave worker populations. |
16,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification probability analysis of principal component null space analysis, and key words: Principal component analysis, Linear discriminant analysis, Face recognition, Algorithm design and analysis, Classification algorithms, Null space, Covariance matrix, Scattering, Object recognition, Design engineering. Abstract: In a previous paper, we have presented a new linear classification algorithm, principal component null space analysis (PCNSA) which is designed for problems like object recognition where different classes have unequal and non-white noise covariance matrices. PCNSA first obtains a principal components space (PCA space) for the entire data and in this PCA space, it finds for each class "i", an M/sub i/ dimensional subspace along which the class's intra-class variance is the smallest. We call this subspace an approximate null space (ANS) since the lowest variance is usually "much smaller" than the highest. A query is classified into class "i" if its distance from the class's mean in the class's ANS is a minimum. In this paper, we discuss the PCNSA algorithm more precisely and derive tight upper bounds on its classification error probability. We use these expressions to compare classification performance of PCNSA with that of subspace linear discriminant analysis (SLDA). |
16,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Space Robot Arm Deployment Path Planning Based on FMT* Algorithm, and key words: Robot motion, Conferences, Aerospace electronics, Manipulators, Path planning, Planning. Abstract: Space operation and control is an effective means to deal with space environment problems. The space robot motion and control are the core of space operation and control. In this paper, the robot arm deployment problem of a certain type of space platform is analyzed in detail from the aspects of problem description, constraint analysis and algorithm implementation. The algorithm of robot arm deployment path planning based on FMT*algorithm is proposed, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation. |
16,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic load management for distributed continuous query systems, and key words: Load management, Monitoring, System performance, Runtime, Financial management, Costs, Distributed processing, Delay effects. Abstract: A distributed stream processing system must adapt to changes in environment parameters and servers' load. We believe a dynamic load management scheme is indispensable for the system to be scalable. In particular, we expect aggressive methods such as query operator migration during runtime to bring long term benefit (especially for long running continuous queries) even though they may incur some short term overhead. However, to date few complete and practical solutions have been proposed for this problem. In this paper, we offer our solution to the problem. More specifically we make the following contributions: We formally define a new metric, performance ratio (PR), to measure the relative performance of each query and the objective for the whole system. By building a new cost model, we identify the heuristics that can be used to approach the objective. We propose a complete and practical distributed load management scheme, which includes a static initial placement scheme for newly, initiated queries as well as a runtime dynamic scheme. We conducted an extensive experimental study that shows the effectiveness of our technique. |
16,628 | Please write an abstract with title: The Enmap German Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy Mission: Update and Highlights of Recent Preparatory Activities, and key words: Imaging, Spectroscopy, Soil, Hyperspectral imaging, Instruments, Calibration, Distributed databases. Abstract: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a spaceborne German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth's environment on a global scale. After several years delay due to a major design issue to meet the mission requirements, the mission is now back on track and planned for launch in 2021. This paper presents an update of the mission status with recent activities and developments from the space and the ground segment. Furthermore, a draft plan for the independent validation of EnMAP radiance and reflectance products was developed and will be introduced, along with highlights of the science preparatory activities in 2019 including airborne campaigns, algorithm consolidations, and HYPERedu education initiative. |
16,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Separable Filtering with Side-Information and Contextually-Designed Filters for Next Generation Video Codecs, and key words: Visualization, Wiener filters, Filtering, Simulation, Video sequences, Rate-distortion, Image restoration. Abstract: We propose two new in-loop filtering tools to augment the loop restoration process in AV1. Targeting challenging future compression scenarios that will be faced by the emerging AV2 standard, the proposed tools are designed to improve performance at both high and low bit-rates. Our non-separable Wiener filtering proposal aims to increase quality especially over directional features and textures in the decoded picture with the help of side-information at higher rates. The proposed pixel-adaptive filter complements at lower rates by improving performance without side-information relying solely on finely characterized pixel contexts. Simulation results show the rate-distortion efficacy of the proposed tools. |
16,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Two-Level Coordinated Control for Seamless Transfer in Standalone Microgrid, and key words: Phase locked loops, Voltage control, Inverters, Frequency control, Microgrids, Power quality, PI control. Abstract: This article presents control strategies developed with two-level coordinated and double loop control for a standalone microgrid. The interfacing inverter is controlled to perform multifunctions. It incorporates the compensation for power quality problems at the point of common coupling and controls the voltage and frequency deviation to provide a constant voltage and frequency to connected ac loads in standalone and grid-connected operating modes. The power demand during battery charging and discharging is controlled using a buck–boost converter. To control overshoot and settling time while following a dc and sinusoidal references without losing control during the transition, proportional-integral, and proportional-resonant controllers with optimal gain designs are reinforced by antiwindup feedback. To ensure a soft and secure transition, even under disturbances, such as distortions and notches, an enhanced phase-locked loop is used. The performance of this system is simulated in MATLAB and validated on a 2-kW laboratory prototype. |
16,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Model Predictive Control Horizon Impact Over the Flexibility of a Net Zero Energy Building, and key words: Transactive energy, Energy consumption, Heat pumps, Statistical analysis, Simulation, Buildings, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: The promise of the transactive energy concept to develop an economic-based control mechanism for power system applications has received significant attention. Transactive energy can enable the system operator to exploit supply and demand-side flexibility at their full potentials. This paper presents strategies for energy flexibility of a solar net-zero energy institutional public building, located in Varennes (Quebec, Canada). The aim of this study is to assess the energy flexibility in this building, as a fully electric public unit, by optimizing the relationship between building-integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) capacity, geothermal heat pump size, and radiant floors with thermal storage. A Machine Learning algorithm with an adaptive window learns the thermal dynamics of the building using historical data, and a Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimizes the building’s energy management. The MPC considers Fixed, Rolling, and Receding horizons with one, three, and five days ahead forecasts. The study quantifies the impact of the horizon selection over the available flexibility of the building during the two critical periods of the grid. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the three MPC horizon types achieves reductions in energy consumption ranging from 20.1% to 48.6% and 9.5% to 27.5% in morning and evening peak periods. |
16,632 | Please write an abstract with title: SPARK Museum Chronicles the Early History of Electricity [History], and key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Electricity, Wires, History, Discharges (electric), Lightning. Abstract: One day a light bulb went on over our two heads, and we had this idea to write an article about the SPARK Museum in Bellingham, Washington, (Figure 1) and the history of electricity. |
16,633 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Centric Wireless Resource Allocation for Edge Computing: Algorithm and Experiment, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Task analysis, Resource management, Upper bound, Sensors. Abstract: Edge intelligence is an emerging network architecture that integrates sensing, communication, computing components, and supports various machine learning applications, where a fundamental communication question is: how to allocate the limited wireless resources (such as time, energy) to the simultaneous model training of heterogeneous learning tasks? Existing methods ignore two important facts: 1) different models have heterogeneous demands on training data; 2) there is a mismatch between the simulated environment and the real-world environment. As a result, they could lead to low learning performance in practice. This paper proposes the learning centric wireless resource allocation (LCWRA) scheme that maximizes the worst learning performance of multiple tasks. Analysis shows that the optimal transmission time has an inverse power relationship with respect to the generalization error. Finally, both simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed LCWRA scheme and its robustness in real implementation. |
16,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical properties of soft, electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni films for magnetic recording heads, and key words: Mechanical factors, Magnetic films, Magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Internal stresses, Magnetostriction, Sputtering, Residual stresses, Frequency response, Magnetic domains. Abstract: Summary form only given. Electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni alloys are a promising candidate for the writer in ultra-high density magnetic recording systems. The deposition of thin film layers always introduces internal stresses. For magnetic thin film heads, the interaction between the magnetostriction and residual stress /spl sigma/ has significant effects on the domain configuration, frequency response and ultimately head performance. Data on internal stresses, magnetomechanical coupling and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni alloys have not been reported to date. Here we present a study of the mechanical properties of electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni alloys. |
16,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Class Imbalanced Medical Image Classification with Complication Data, and key words: Training, Schedules, Medical services, Semisupervised learning, Feature extraction, Life sciences, Diabetes. Abstract: This paper addresses the task of class-imbalanced medical image classification using complication labels. Medical image classification plays an essential role in improving patient care and reducing the burden on healthcare systems, along with other computer aided diagnosis tasks. However, there are two common obstacles with medical image image classification. One is that there is a high cost of acquiring annotations from doctors/experts. Two is that in many cases there is a differences in the number of incidents that appear per symptom which lead to class-imbalance. The above factors make medical image classification difficult to deal with. Additionally, there are cases where multiple symptoms appear in a mixed manner (complications), such as diabetic complications where both symptoms of infection and ischaemia could appear at the same time, which also could influence the classification result negatively. In this paper, a method that jointly tackles the obstacles mentioned above is presented. First, we conduct extensive experiment with various class-imbalanced learning methods introduced in previous works and also propose a method that improves the baseline class-imbalanced approaches by utilizing complication labels in pre-training. Second, we validate the proposed method with the diabetic foot ulcer dataset introduced in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Challenge 2021. |
16,636 | Please write an abstract with title: The coming of CSP: automated assembly processes for high-volume chip scale packaging, and key words: Chip scale packaging, Assembly, Substrates, Surface-mount technology, Thermal expansion, Thermal loading, Thermal conductivity, Semiconductor device packaging, Microassembly, Wire. Abstract: Chip scale packaging (CSP) is emerging as a major player within the semiconductor packaging market. Processing in the back-end requires optimizing the use of intermediate carrier configurations such as tape-in-carrier and strip-based substrates. This optimization of carrier configurations must occur in all processes related to CSP assembly, including die attach, wire bond, encapsulation, ball attach, laser mark, singulate, inspect, and test. CSP is considered an SMT and, as such, can be processed using existing lines. However, CSP is different from SMT and has its own assembly problems. One of the critical problems is that, with thinner package profile requirement, thinner substrate is necessary. Another important problem that should be considered is the failure of solder joints because of the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch among the substrate, lead packages, and the board when the thermal load is severe. To address this point, several studies using moire interferometry have been conducted to measure thermal deformations that accumulate during thermal cycles. |
16,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Consumer Behavior Analytics using Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Classification algorithms, Data visualization, Sentiment analysis, Consumer behavior, Organizations, Support vector machines, Forestry. Abstract: User-generated content in the form of reviews, ratings, and comments can be analyzed for greater insights for enterprise use. The analysis of such consumer behavior is helpful to understand the consumer's requirements and predict their future intentions towards the service. Through this cognitive study, E-commerce Organizations can track the usage and sentiments attached to their products and take appropriate marketing approaches to provide a personalized shopping experience for their consumers, thereby increasing their organizational profit. This paper aims to employ data-driven marketing tools, such as data visualization, natural language processing, and machine learning models that help in understanding the demographics of an organization. We also build recommender systems through collaborative filtering, neural networks, and sentiment analysis. |
16,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Grid current regulation of a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL input filter, and key words: Current control, Inverters, Power harmonic filters, Inductance, Harmonic distortion, Power electronics, Automatic voltage control, Distributed control, Switching frequency, Control systems. Abstract: Many grid connected power electronic systems, such as STATCOMs, UPFCs, and distributed generation system interfaces, use a voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to the supply network through a filter. This filter, typically a series inductance, acts to reduce the switching harmonics entering the distribution network. An alternative filter is a LCL network, which can achieve reduced levels of harmonic distortion at lower switching frequencies and with less inductance, and therefore has potential benefits for higher power applications. However, systems incorporating LCL filters require more complex control strategies and are not commonly presented in literature. This paper proposes a robust strategy for regulating the grid current entering a distribution network from a three-phase VSI system connected via a LCL filter. The strategy integrates an outer loop grid current regulator with inner capacitor current regulation to stabilize the system. A synchronous frame PI current regulation strategy is used for the outer grid current control loop. Linear analysis, simulation, and experimental results are used to verify the stability of the control algorithm across a range of operating conditions. Finally, expressions for ""harmonic impedance" of the system are derived to study the effects of supply voltage distortion on the harmonic performance of the system. |
16,639 | Please write an abstract with title: The i-match project: a VR based system to allow matching of an optimum interface to a user of assistive technology, and key words: Virtual reality, Biomedical engineering, Fellows, Head, Systems engineering and theory, Helium, Robot kinematics, Rehabilitation robotics, Appropriate technology, Performance evaluation. Abstract: Many people with disabilities rely upon items of assistive technology for their independence. However, in many cases, the potential of a specific assistive device is limited by the difficulties in actual user operation. Whilst success in use of a particular interface depends on appropriateness of the user's skills to the interface physical characteristics, there is a need to develop novel systems that will provide quantitative skills relevant to interface operation. The i-match project, funded by the European Commission, focuses on quantifying upper limb skills and performance as well as characterising different interfaces based on their physical and functional characteristics. The objective is to aid the selection of an optimum interface by matching between user's abilities to control and features of an existing interface. This paper overviews the project and different steps taken to produce a novel matching system. |
16,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Audio watermarking based on inverse difference decomposition, and key words: Watermarking, Discrete wavelet transforms, Discrete transforms, Discrete Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms, Acoustic noise, Immune system, Filtration, Quantization, Distributed computing. Abstract: A new approach for audio watermarking in the phase-frequency domain is presented, based on the inverse difference decomposition (IDD) with complex Hadamard transform (CHT). The main advantages of the method, compared with others based on the discrete Fourier and wavelet transforms, are the absence of quantization noise, the lower computational complexity and the ability for the owner of the audio contents and authorized distributors to insert different watermarks in the protected audio signal. Additionally, there is watermark transparency, high resistance against fraud and "pirate" attacks, and the capability for exact watermark extraction without using the original audio signal. |
16,641 | Please write an abstract with title: MD-MLI: Prediction of miRNA–lncRNA Interaction by Using Multiple Features and Hierarchical Deep Learning, and key words: Feature extraction, RNA, Predictive models, Data models, Deep learning, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) can interact with microRNA(miRNA) and play an important role in inhibiting or activating the expression of target genes and the occurrence and development of tumors. Accumulating studies focus on the prediction of miRNA-lncRNA interaction, and mostly are concerned with biological experiments and machine learning methods. These methods are found with long cycles, high costs, and requiring over much human intervention. In this paper, a data-driven hierarchical deep learning framework was proposed, which was composed of a capsule network, an independent recurrent neural network with attention mechanism and bi-directional long short-term memory network. This framework combines the advantages of different networks, uses multiple sequence-derived features of the original sequence and features of secondary structure to mine the dependency between features, and devotes to obtain better results. In the experiment, five-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the model, and the zea mays data set was compared with the different model to obtain better classification effect. In addition, sorghum, brachypodium distachyon and bryophyte data sets were used to test the model, and the accuracy reached 0.9850, 0.9859 and 0.9777, respectively, which verified the model’s good generalization ability. |
16,642 | Please write an abstract with title: Terminal Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in VD Furnace based on XGBoost and LightGBM Algorithms, and key words: Temperature measurement, Training, Analytical models, Furnaces, Refining, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: In the iron and steel industry, vacuum refining is the previous process of continuous casting, and the VD furnace is one of the key equipment for vacuum refining. The precise control of the end temperature is an important guarantee for the quality of subsequent cast steel products. In this paper, based on the XGBoost algorithm and the LightGBM algorithm, the VD furnace molten steel terminal temperature prediction model will be established respectively, and their performance will be compared. First, perform data preprocessing on the original industrial data, fill in missing values, use Tukey’s test method to detect and delete outliers, and use box-cox data transformation to normalize the data. Then, the random forest feature selection algorithm was used to select 8 variables as the input of the model. Finally, the temperature prediction models based on the XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms were established. The experimental results show that the models based on the XGBoost algorithm and the LightGBM algorithm both have good prediction effects, and the prediction accuracy within ±10℃ reached 89.86%, and the overall performance of the LightGBM model is better than XGBoost model. |
16,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Tutorials, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Power system stability, Smart grids, Energy storage, Thermal stability, Electrical engineering, Tutorials. Abstract: Presents abstracts of conference tutorials. |
16,644 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of insulation failure in BLDC motors using neuro-fuzzy systems, and key words: Insulation, Brushless DC motors, Fuzzy neural networks, Stator windings, Adaptive systems, Discrete Fourier transforms, DC motors, Brushless motors, Numerical models, Electromagnetic scattering. Abstract: The paper presents a method for automatic detection of insulation failure in the stator winding of brushless DC (BLDC) motors using adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems. Healthy performance of the motor is obtained under balanced conditions through a discrete-time numerical model. Motor parameters are modified due to insulation failure across a number of turns on one phase of the stator winding. The electromagnetic torque is selected as the characteristic waveform to identify and locate the fault. One index extracted from the signal by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) could perfectly characterize the number of faulty turns, while two other indices derived using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) could signify the faulty phase. The diagnostic process is automated through two independent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) trained on simulated waveforms. Testing of ANFIS shows good performance in diagnosing and locating the fault. Experimental measurements of the output torque under normal and faulty operations show acceptable matching with simulated values, which verifies the analytical results and validates the proposed methodologies. |
16,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded Networks with Smooth Predicting for Video Facial Expression Recognition, and key words: Human computer interaction, Computer vision, Codes, Face recognition, Conferences, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Facial expression recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose the Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded network with Smooth Predicting (CFC-SP) to improve the performance of facial expression recognition. CFC-SP contains two core components, namely Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded networks (CFC) and Smooth Predicting (SP). For CFC, it first groups several similar emotions to form a rough category, and then employs a network to conduct a coarse but accurate classification. Later, an additional network for these grouped emotions is further used to obtain fine-grained predictions. For SP, it improves the recognition capability of the model by capturing both universal and unique expression features. To be specific, the universal features denote the general characteristic of facial emotions within a period and the unique features denote the specific characteristic at this moment. Experiments on Aff-Wild2 show the effectiveness of the proposed CFSP. We achieved 3rd place in the Expression Classification Challenge of the 3rd Competition on Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild. The code will be released at https://github.com/BR-IDL/PaddleViT. |
16,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Relevant past performance for selecting Web services, and key words: Web services, Quality of service, Availability, History, Information technology, World Wide Web, Contracts, Performance evaluation, Software measurement, Measurement standards. Abstract: The selection of Web services is typically based on performance (or perception of performance) in past invocations. Instead of using the entire history of invocations in evaluating the performance of services, we use a portion of the history, selected with respect to the current user request. To facilitate this selection, we establish that it is feasible to infer the requirements and preferences of the users from the SLA. |
16,647 | Please write an abstract with title: White-light continuum Z-scan measurements, and key words: Ultrafast optics, Absorption, Nonlinear optics, Optical design techniques, Optical pumping, Organic materials, Tunable circuits and devices, Pulse measurements, Wavelength measurement, Probes. Abstract: A white-light continuum Z-scan technique is proposed and demonstrated as an efficient method to measure degenerated nonlinear absorption spectra in organic materials. |
16,648 | Please write an abstract with title: A Constant Current and Constant Voltage Compensation Scheme for Wireless Charger, and key words: Couplings, Batteries, Topology, Resonant frequency, Load management, Capacitors, Coils. Abstract: This paper presents a design strategy for LCC/S compensation network based stationary wireless charging system to obtain both constant voltage and constant current characteristics without the need of additional electronic components compared with the conventional approaches while maintaining input zero phase angle (ZPA) condition as well as soft-switching for a wide range of load variations. The proposed concept is validated by both theoretical analyses and simulation results. |
16,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Corrections to “Detection Using Hilbert Envelope for Glottal Excitation Enhancement and Maximum-Sum Subarray for Epoch Marking” [Feb 20 461-471], and key words: Signal processing, Hilbert space, Speech enhancement, IIR filters, Filter banks. Abstract: Presents corrections to the above named paper. |
16,650 | Please write an abstract with title: Linearization Trade-Offs in a 5G mmWave Active Phased Array OTA Setup, and key words: Phased arrays, Receivers, 5G mobile communication, Crosstalk, Radio frequency, Transmitters. Abstract: The new generation of 5G mobile communication systems is using millimeter wave (mmWave) active phased arrays (APA) which have up to hundreds of individual analog transmitter and receiver chains and antennas. For these highly integrated systems linearization of each analog path is very challenging. Therefore a single input single output (SISO) system in combination with over the air (OTA) measurement is considered as an efficient approach for linearization. However, the knowledge about the dependency of the total SISO nonlinearity on the contributions from different blocks in the antenna array, as well as the linearization trade-offs is still missing. In this paper, an overview of the possible linearization trade-offs in an OTA setup with a mmWave APA is provided. The linearization technique is applied to a $4\times 4$ active phased array containing up-conversion of a sub 6 GHz LTE10 signal to an RF frequency of 28 GHz. Through measurements, the effects on adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) have been investigated for the following scenarios: i. impact from the up-converter, ii. impact of the steering angle due to antenna crosstalk and iii. a linearity comparison between a linearized and a backed-off system. |
16,651 | Please write an abstract with title: TOPSIS Based Two-Sided Matching Under Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment in Virtual Reality Technology Transfer, and key words: Matrix converters, Manganese, Solid modeling, Decision making, Virtual reality, Fuzzy sets, Social sciences. Abstract: Bodies' behaviors remain important to the decision-making process of two-sided matching. The two-sided matching problem under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment is investigated from the perspective of bodies' behavior, i.e., the behavior of matching willingness. For solving the problem, a normalized interval-valued score function is firstly presented. Through using this function, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number (IvIFN) preference matrices are converted to normalized interval-valued score matrices. The normalized interval-valued score matrices are then converted to score matrices. Based on score matrices, the matching willingness can be obtained by solving an optimal model. Based on score matrices and matching willingness matrix, the weighting score matrices are set up. Aiming at weighting score matrices, we use the TOPSIS method to calculate the closeness degrees. Based on closeness degree matrices and matching matrix, a two-sided matching (TsM) model is developed. Considering the same or different statuses of bodies, the TsM model is transformed to the one-goal TsM model. Through model solution, the optimal scheme of TsM can be obtained. Ultimately, the availability of TOPSIS based TsM method is illustrated by using a matching example of virtual reality technology. |
16,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-frequency signal analysis by means of the Wigner distribution, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Signal analysis, Neodymium, Spectrogram, Displays, Energy resolution, Signal resolution, Frequency estimation, Fourier transforms, Laboratories. Abstract: The Wigner distribution is a signal transformation that exhibits some very interesting properties with regard to time-frequency signal analysis. The most important of these properties are discussed. The Wigner distribution is then compared with other time-frequency signal representations, such as the spectrogram. It appears that the Wigner distribution is better able to display non-stationarities in the signals. |
16,653 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Stabilization of a Class of Nonlinear Systems via Aperiodic Sensing and Actuation, and key words: Nonlinear systems, Robustness, Uncertainty, Robust control, Stability analysis, Optimal control, Sensors. Abstract: This article proposes a framework to design a robust controller for a class of nonlinear networked control systems using aperiodic feedback information. Here, the nonlinearity and parameter variations of system model are considered as sources of uncertainty. To tackle the uncertainty in system dynamics, a linear robust control law is derived by applying the optimal control theory. Two different architectures of closed-loop systems are considered. In the first one, system and controller are not collocated; instead they are interconnected by means of a shared communication network. In the second architecture, system, controller and actuator are all collocated with their respective outputs available at all time-instead, sensors and controller are connected through a shared communication channel. In both architectures, the feedback loop is closed through the network. Owing to its shared nature, the network may suffer from bandwidth limitations. To save the network bandwidth, state and input information are transmitted aperiodically within the feedback loop. With this aim, the paper adopts an event-triggered control technique so as to reduce the transmission overhead. Applying Input-to-State Stability theory, we derive two different event-triggered robust control laws that stabilize the uncertain nonlinear system. Finally, we show that the designed event-triggered controllers satisfy the trade-off between control performance and saving in network bandwidth in the presence of uncertainty. The developed control algorithm is implemented and validated through numerical simulations. |
16,654 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simple and Reconfigurable Wireless Power Transfer System With Constant Voltage and Constant Current Charging, and key words: Topology, Relays, Voltage, Resonant frequency, Prototypes, Switches, Resistance. Abstract: A typical charging profile for the Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) includes a constant current (CC) charging stage and a constant voltage (CV) charging. This letter proposes a simple and reconfigurable topology for CC and CV outputs in an EV wireless charging system. The proposed system can be switched to series–series topology for CC output and inductor–capacitor–capacitor-series topology for CV output. Only one relay is introduced, unlike existing solutions where many passive components and relays are utilized for reconfiguration. Also, there is no need for frequency variation to achieve the shift of CC and CV. An experimental prototype is implemented to validate the proposal. |
16,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Hand Temperature Is Not Consistent With Illusory Strength During the Rubber Hand Illusion, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Imaging, Skin, Physiology, Rubber, Reliability. Abstract: The rubber hand illusion is known to invoke a sense of ownership of a rubber hand when a person watches the stroking of the rubber hand in synchrony with their own hidden hand. Quantification of the sense of ownership is traditionally performed with the rubber hand illusion questionnaire, but the search for reliable physiological measurements persists. Skin temperature has been previously suggested and debated as a biomarker for ownership. We investigated hand temperature as a measure of rubber hand illusory strength via thermal imaging of the hand during the rubber hand experiment. No relationship was found between reported illusory strength and skin temperature.Clinical Relevance— Our results indicate that skin temperature is not a suitable biomarker for rubber hand illusory strength. |
16,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on User Recommendation Algorithm Based on Cross-border E-commerce Platform, and key words: Filtering, Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Signal processing algorithms, Globalization, Signal processing, Safety. Abstract: The development of economic globalization has led to the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce. Due to the huge data of overseas commodities, it makes consumers encounter great confusion in the process of choosing commodities. How to let consumers quickly choose the goods they are satisfied with in a large number of goods is one of the urgent problems that cross-border e-commerce needs to solve. The target customer groups targeted by cross-border e-commerce are more inclined to pay attention to the quality and safety of goods. In this paper, we firstly analyze the current recommendation algorithm, and based on the shortcomings of the current recommendation algorithm, we propose an improved recommendation algorithm that incorporates label weights, and simulate and verify the algorithm, and the experimental results show that the recommendation algorithm has better recommendation effect compared with other recommendation algorithms. |
16,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of OTFS and OCDM Schemes in Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels, and key words: Doppler shift, Time-frequency analysis, Code division multiplexing, Chirp, OFDM, Channel estimation, Symbols. Abstract: Signaling schemes robust to large Doppler shifts are needed for reliable underwater acoustic (UWA) communication, and orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) and orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) are two promising schemes in this regard. We evaluate the performance of these schemes in realistic UWA channels. We see that OTFS and OCDM have significantly lower symbol error probability (SEP) compared to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) when perfect channel information is available to the receiver. While OTFS and OCDM still performed better than OFDM with estimated channel information, the reductions in SEPs are comparatively lower. Thus, OTFS and OCDM are seen to be sensitive to estimation errors and the outdated nature of channel information. A simple channel interpolation is then proposed to account for the variations of the channel between channel estimation phases. This is seen to reduce SEP compared to the case where the channel variations are ignored. |
16,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Error analysis of multi-hop free-space optical communication, and key words: Error analysis, Spread spectrum communication, Optical fiber communication, Atmospheric modeling, Optical attenuators, Decoding, Bit error rate, Error correction, Performance analysis, Geometrical optics. Abstract: In this paper we analyze the error performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication over multiple hops. We first develop an error model for a single hop based on visibility, atmospheric attenuation, and geometric spread of the light beam. We model atmospheric visibility by Gaussian distributions with mean and variance values to reflect clear and adverse weather conditions. Based on this, we find the end-to-end bit error distribution of the FSO link for single hop and multi-hop scenarios. We present simulation results for decoded relaying, where each hop decodes the signal before retransmitting. We demonstrate that multi-hop FSO communication achieves a significant reduction in the mean bit error rate and also reduces the variance of the bit error rate. We argue that by lowering mean error and error variance, multi-hop operation facilitates an efficient system design and improves the reliability of the FSO link by application of specific coding schemes (such as forward error correction techniques). |
16,659 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive policy based management framework for differentiated services networks, and key words: Diffserv networks, Protocols, Computer network management, Quality of service, Electrical capacitance tomography, IP networks, Scalability, Adaptive systems, Educational institutions, Computer networks. Abstract: This paper presents a framework for specifying policies for the management of differentiated services (DiffServ) networks. Although policy-based management has been the subject of intensifying research efforts, the proposed solutions are often restricted to condition-action rules where conditions are matched against incoming traffic flows. This results in static policy configurations where manual intervention is required to cater for configuration changes and to enable policy deployment. The framework presented supports automated policy deployment and flexible event triggers to permit dynamic policy configuration. Whilst current research focuses mostly on rules for low-level device configuration, significant challenges remain to be addressed in order to: 1) provide policy specification and adaptation across different abstraction layers; and 2) provide tools and services for the engineering of policy-driven systems. In particular, this paper focuses on solutions for dynamic adaptation of policy in DiffServ networks according to changes in requirements. Policy adaptation includes both dynamically changing policy parameters and reconfiguring the policy objects. |
16,660 | Please write an abstract with title: Precise Relative Positioning via Tight-Coupling of GPS Carrier Phase and Multiple UWBs, and key words: Global Positioning System, Automobiles, Phase measurement, Position measurement, Optimization, Satellites, Sensors. Abstract: Precise relative positioning has numerous applications in collision avoidance, and lane-keeping/lane-changing maneuvers. For such applications, we need sensors that can precisely estimate the relative position. GPS carrier phase measurements can provide high accuracy if unknown cycle ambiguities (integers) are resolved correctly from among an integer search space of potential candidates. However, resolving these integers becomes challenging in urban areas where tall buildings and tree canopy can lead to poor satellite visibility and degraded measurement quality. To aid with integer fixing, multiple UWBs can be utilized, which provide noisy inter-ranging measurements at a high sampling frequency. We propose a precise relative positioning framework for a two-car setup via tight coupling of GPS carrier-phase and inter-ranging measurements from multiple UWBs. With these range measurements, we form an a priori estimate of the relative position that adaptively constrains the position search space, and subsequently reduces the induced integer search space. Adaptively constraining the integer search space improves integer fixing rate, enabling precise relative positioning. We demonstrate our algorithm’s performance on a real-world dataset collected with two cars in Stanford University. Our algorithm achieves improved accuracy over baseline methods, even in challenging urban settings. |
16,661 | Please write an abstract with title: Instruction based power consumption estimation methodology, and key words: Energy consumption, Circuit simulation, Table lookup, System-on-a-chip, Capacitance, Consumer electronics, Digital simulation, Clocks, Frequency, Analytical models. Abstract: The paper presents a new model of the dynamic power dissipated by a circuit described at gate or behavioural level. A procedure is presented for an accurate estimate of the power dissipated during the execution of each instruction by using gate level or behavioural level digital simulations. The information on power consumption stored in a look-up table can be used in a system level simulation. The methodology has been applied to the design of an I/sup 2/C bus driver. |
16,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Modificated Fresnel antenna, and key words: Integral equations, Optical surface waves, Reflector antennas, Current density, Geometrical optics, Frequency, Acoustical engineering, Satellite antennas, Satellite broadcasting, TV. Abstract: The general approach to analysis of sounded Fresnel antenna is considered. The frequency characteristics of Fresnel antenna are analyzed. The radiation characteristics of Fresnel antenna are considered. The influence of reflector in Fresnel antenna is considered. |
16,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Programmable gain and de level shift analog signal conditioning circuit: Microcontroller based implementation, and key words: Circuits, Microcontrollers, Instruments, Sensor systems, System-on-a-chip, Cost function, Performance gain, Performance loss, Gain measurement, Loss measurement. Abstract: Programmable analog conditioning circuits are very important for instrumentation systems since thesame circuit can be used for different type of sensors. The main functions that must be provided for the analog conditioning circuit are gain and de level shift. The conditioning circuit must be optimized, especially for systems on chip, in order to use reduced number of components, area and costs. In this work, we propose an architecuture for a programmable gain and de level shift circuit based on a procedure that yields the smallest set of passive components while guarantying the design specified performance in terms of maximum loss of resolution and no measurement range loss. |
16,664 | Please write an abstract with title: Clinical assessments performed during robotic rehabilitation by the gait training robot Lokomat, and key words: Rehabilitation robotics, Force measurement, Muscles, Spinal cord injury, Robot sensing systems, Force sensors, Actuators, Brain injuries, Pathology, Force control. Abstract: Neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, affect the motor performance of affected individuals. The most important result is the loss of function, e.g. gait function. A reduction of normal features and an increase in pathological features lead to this loss. Muscle weakness and increased involuntary muscle tone (spasticity) are most commonly affected. Robotic rehabilitation devices are available for re-training impaired functions. For example, the Lokomat supports patients during body-weight supported treadmill training. The robotic devices are equipped with sensors (e.g. position and force) and actuators needed for their control. Beyond pure training, advanced tools can use these sensors and actuators to measure physiological and other properties of the patient using the device. We report here the design, implementation, and first tests of tools that allow (i) measurement of spasticity and (ii) measurement of voluntary muscle force with the Lokomat. The spasticity tool measures mechanical stiffness during controlled passive movements of the legs. The voluntary force tool measures maximum isometric torque in the hip and knee joint. Mechanical stiffness is higher in patients with higher spasticity. The voluntary force tool can be used in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. We conclude that the use of robotic devices for assessment of patients during their training would be an efficient and important addition to robotic-supported therapy in the future. |
16,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Flood Frequency Analysis Using ERA5-Land Based Precipitation for Kosi-Mahasetu Station in North Bihar, India, and key words: Performance evaluation, Rain, Geoscience and remote sensing, Monsoons, Reservoirs, Probability distribution, Rivers. Abstract: Floods are the biggest concerns in developing countries. Lower catchment areas of Kosi River basin inside North Bihar recurrently affected by floods due to heavy downpour. Flood frequency information is therefore vital but unavailability of historical data at public domain makes difficult to investigate flood events. This study has utilized ERA5-Land based rainfall data (1981-2020) over Kosi-Mahasetu CWC rain gauge in Supaul district for evaluating the rainfall frequency and development of different distribution curves. The mean annual rainfall at Kosi-Mahasetu station was 518.12 mm (SD =115.66, CV =0.12). The coefficient of skewness and Kurtosis was 0.184 and 0.607. The distribution functions such as Normal, Log 10 Normal and Gumble were applied over historical rainfall data to calculate rainfall intensity for 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years of return period. Based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, it is observed that Log 10 normal distribution showed significant results. During 2007 flood event, the region received highest rainfall as ~779 mm during monsoon season with a return period of 41 years. Similarly, 1999, 2019, 1996, 2008, 1995, and 1993 flood events received ~748, ~730, ~717, ~677, ~673, ~624, ~616 mm rainfall with a return period of 20.5, 13.67, 10.25, 8.2, 6.83, 5.86, and 5.12 years, respectively. The study also exhibited that a total ~24% land area of North Bihar inundates recurrently. This study found helpful to predict and prepare for the extreme hydrological events by considering the return period of major flood events. |
16,666 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous speed and rotor time constant identification of an induction motor drive based on the model reference adaptive system combined with a fuzzy resistance estimator, and key words: Rotors, Induction motor drives, Adaptive systems, Fuzzy systems, Pulse width modulation, Stators, Induction motors, Electric resistance, Error correction, Regulators. Abstract: In this paper, simultaneous estimation of rotor speed and time constant for a voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motor drive are discussed The theory is based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The identifier executes simultaneous rotor speed and time constant so that vector control of the induction may be achieved in the rotor-flux oriented reference frame. Furthermore, to eliminate the offset error caused by the change in the stator resistance, a fuzzy resistance regulator is also designed which operates in parallel with the rotor speed and time constant identifier. |
16,667 | Please write an abstract with title: A CCD comb filter IC for TV receivers, and key words: Charge coupled devices, Filters, TV receivers, Clocks, Delay lines, Driver circuits, Laboratories, Frequency, Voltage, Consumer electronics. Abstract: This paper will describe a CCD comb filter with a linear variable gain BCCD input structure, automatic CCD input and output biasing and 10.7MHz on-chip clock drivers. |
16,668 | Please write an abstract with title: High Accuracy Active Stand-off Target Geolocation Using UAV Platform, and key words: UAV, active localization, electro-optical payload, stand-off. Abstract: A method for high accuracy geolocation of a distant ground stationary target using UAV platform is developed. The UAV is equipped with electro-optical device and laser range-finder. Using the attitude and position of the UAV, the LOS angles, and the relative distance between target and the UAV, the target is localized in world coordinates. Compared with the one-shot localization method, the proposed method employs multiple angle measurements and range measurements of the target to mitigate random noise of the sensors. The target geolocation is calculated based on weighted least square estimation after data collecting. The main contribution of this paper is that the mounting error between the high accuracy navigation module and the electro-optical device is estimated as a byproduct, which has a serious effect on localization result if not been calibrated. The simulation result shows that the target is localized with an accuracy of 10 meters when the UAV is 4000 meters away from it. |
16,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Three Sigma and Multilevel Active Contour Approach to Detect Optic Disc and Optic Cup, and key words: Optical imaging, Optical filters, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical distortion, Blood vessels, Retina. Abstract: One of the key factors to be looked at during design of an automated eye screening system is to find the optic disc and optic cup. Objective: In eye screening of diabetic patients, the feature such as hard exudates and cotton wool spots can be noticed which share similar properties with optic disc In certain diseases like glaucoma ophthalmologist look at the ratio of optic cup with optic disc to detect the presence or absence of glaucoma Currently, the process is manual performed by ophthalmologist, which a time consuming and tedious job. This fact motivated to design a fully automated procedure to detect optic cup and optic disc. Method: In the current paper a multilevel active contour technique is used that generates the snake to detect boundaries of optic cup and optic disc using intensity of the border pixels which are tested using 3σ control limits. The algorithm works in two parts. In part-1, optic disc boundary is detected and in part-2, the optic cup is marked by concentrating inside the area marked as optic disc in part-1. Findings: This approach reduces processing area and hence improves computational time A local database to carry out this work was created by collecting images from Karnataka Institute of Diabetology, Bangalore The results obtained by the proposed procedure are encouraging and have yielded 100% results with the fundus images containing full optic disc Improvement: The method is fully automatic and no user intervention is required. |
16,670 | Please write an abstract with title: Total Dose and Single-Event Effects Test Results of the Intersil ISL 70x00SEH Current Sense Amplifier, and key words: Temperature sensors, Annealing, Radiation hardening (electronics), Europe, Ions, Total ionizing dose, Testing. Abstract: We report the results of total ionizing dose (TID) and destructive and nondestructive single-event effects (SEE) testing of the Intersil ISL70100SEH and ISL70300SEH radiation hardened, current sense amplifier circuits. |
16,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Industrial lithium ion batteries: from the laboratory to real telecom application, and key words: Communication industry, Lithium, Batteries, Laboratories, Telecommunications, Temperature, Space technology, Safety, Testing, Commercialization. Abstract: Papers presented at previous Intelec conferences have shown that lithium ion batteries present significant benefits to telecom operators. They offer zero maintenance and will provide long operating life, even under high temperature conditions. More importantly, lithium batteries are very light and compact, and these are two precious characteristics for telecom operators, especially in the context of greater power needs and decreasing allowable battery space and weight (pole-mounted cabinets, right-of-ways...). The main issues that must be addressed in commercializing this technology are safety and compatibility with existing chargers. This paper discusses the packaging of lithium ion cells into modules that allow direct replacement of common VRLA batteries in outside plant applications. The modules incorporate electronic controls that provide for operational safety and plug-and-play functionality with existing telecom rectifiers. The main features of the electronics are discussed, including cell balancing, current limiting, and other protective devices. Saft is also working with a large telecom operator in North America to install a number of demonstration systems in active network nodes. Details are provided for locations, cabinet types, and battery dimensional and capacity requirements. As discussed in the earlier papers, Saft is operating long-term floating tests at temperatures up to 60/spl deg/C. Those tests have been running for well over 2 years, with excellent results. The latest experimental data are provided, along with substantiation of extrapolated life claims. |
16,672 | Please write an abstract with title: Fog and Cloud Computing-based IoT in Healthcare Monitoring System for Healthy Ageing, and key words: Cloud computing, Databases, Senior citizens, Medical services, Computer architecture, Aging, Real-time systems. Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT), through portable devices and sensor networks, has the potential to transform the way in which healthcare monitoring systems collect and analyze patients' medical data. Nowadays, the IoT-based healthcare monitoring systems for the elderly require large amounts of data that needs to be transferred to a centralized database and from the database to cloud data centers, which leads to a decrease in the performance of such systems. Thus, fog computing provides innovative solutions by bringing resources closer to the user and by providing low latency and efficient solutions for data processing as against to cloud. In this paper, we present the “Non-invasive monitoring and health assessment of the elderly in a smart environment (RO-SmartAgeing)” project which supports elderly centered healthcare services in order to ensure illness prevention, personalized assistance and monitoring healthcare services. According to the current development state of the project, we propose a functional framework of the architecture of RO-SmartAgeing system based on IoT, Fog and Cloud Computing, present the hardware components of the system necessary for proper operation, the data flow chart of the RO-SmartAgeing system and an example of numerical validation and filtering of data from IoT devices. |
16,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Bioimpedance-based Measuring Systems for Diagnosis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and key words: Impedance measurement, Liver diseases, Instruments, Sociology, Tools, Data collection, Diabetes. Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, it is the primary cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of the disease is estimated as high as 25% of the general population up to 90% of obese and diabetic patients. Most patients are asymptomatic or does not experience specific complaints making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, due to the limitations of available diagnostic procedures and the current gold standard for diagnosis, the liver biopsy, there is a worldwide demand to develop a non-invasive diagnostic tool and procedure that can detect the disease with high accuracy at an early reversible stage, furthermore is cost-effective, user-friendly, and provides repeatable measurement. Based on the metrological experience of our research team, we started developing an electrical impedance-based diagnostic procedure a few years ago that meets these requirements and is suitable for early detection of NAFLD with the help of a world-new measurement and data collection solution. In this article, we present the most important milestones in the development of instruments related to research. |
16,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Steering control of an automatic drive using predictive control strategy, and key words: Automatic control, Predictive control, Predictive models, Humans, Process control, Vehicle dynamics, Intelligent transportation systems, Stability, State-space methods, Space vehicles. Abstract: Acquisition and utilization of lateral guidance is crucial for steering a vehicle. In practice, human drivers have performed this function quite successfully using perception and hand-eye coordination. However, this task becomes difficult when the vehicle losses its stability. In this paper, we try to investigate this problem using predictive control strategy. The most important advantage of the MPC technology comes from the process model itself, which allows the controller to deal with an exact replica of the real process dynamics, implying a much better control quality. Simulation results of the closed-loop system with proposed predictive control algorithm reveal the effectiveness of the proposed control action in controlling the steering of the vehicle. |
16,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and development of optoelectronic mixed signal system-on-package (SOP), and key words: Signal design, Optical design, Electronic packaging thermal management, Optical receivers, Assembly, Optical polymers, Silicon, Optical waveguides, Plastic packaging, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: This paper describes the design and development of a 2.5-Gb/s optical transceiver module as a mixed signal SOP for access networks. The module development consists of concurrent design of an optoelectronic package optimizing optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical functions and optical subassembly and RFICs housed in a chip-on-board package. The optical subassembly (OSA) consists of laser and photodiode assembled on a silicon substrate. The transmit and the receiver sections are combined into a single fiber through a polymer coupler on silicon. The splitter between the transmit and receive section is realized using a polymer waveguide. The electronic ICs are assembled on a multilayer organic substrate. The package design includes optical coupling design, impedance matched transmission line design for RF signals, electrical layout design for mixed signals and thermal design for the package. The module is housed in a plastic molded nonhermetic package to achieve low cost packaging. The assembly is completed using passive alignment of optical devices and attachment of electronic devices using adhesives. In this paper, we present the details of the component design and the development of packaging process methods to achieve the design specifications, test results and process guidelines for assembly and integration. |
16,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral partitioning for modular software defined radio, and key words: Software radio, Signal processing algorithms, Guidelines, Partitioning algorithms, Time to market, Processor scheduling, Parallel processing, Application software, Testing, Data buses. Abstract: Guidelines for designing and operating modular software defined radio (Mod-SDR) devices gain in importance as the interworking of different radio technologies emerges as a potential solution to achieving short time-to-market and to offering flexible services to mobile users. We continue to study the partitioning and scheduling of software modules in multiprocessor devices. In particular, we focus on spectral partitioning, which is known to yield good partitions for general-purpose parallel computing applications. We discuss a spectral partitioning algorithm in the context of Mod-SDR, comparing it to implicit partitioning results produced by a variant of Hu's algorithm under realistic operating conditions. Test settings include two identical processors connected through either one or two data buses, and pipelining as a signal processing option for delay-insensitive transmission modes. Furthermore, we show how close both approaches come to the theoretical upper bound on two-processor speedup. Based on computer simulations, we can conclude on an enhanced set of guidelines for operating a modular software defined radio. |
16,677 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication of a microvalve with piezoelectric actuation, and key words: Fabrication, Microvalves, Wafer bonding, Piezoelectric actuators, Valves, Silicon on insulator technology, Assembly, Micromechanical devices, Glass, Testing. Abstract: The fabrication of an active MEMS micro valve driven by integrated bulk single crystal piezoelectric actuators is reported. The valve is a nine-layer structure of glass, Si, and silicon on insulator (SOI) assembled by wafer level fusion bonding and anodic bonding, die level anodic bonding and eutectic bonding. Valve head strokes as large as 20/spl mu/m were realized through hydraulic amplification of small strokes of piezoelectric actuators. A flow rate of 0.21ml/s was obtained at 1 kHz. The fabrication, bonding and assembly processes, as well as some test results are described. |
16,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-Efficient Speed Planner for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles on Sloped Roads, and key words: Roads, Batteries, Automobiles, Trajectory, Power generation, Vehicles, State of charge. Abstract: This paper proposes an energy-efficient speed planning strategy for a connected and automated vehicle (CAV) considering the upcoming traffic and road gradient information, which can be provided by the vehicle-to-everything communication systems. Unlike human drivers, CAV that receives long and short sighted traffic and road geometry information can optimize their speed profile to increase energy efficiency, depending on the powertrain types. In particular, the developed speed planner reducing the battery output power through the energy-efficiency improvement systems in electrified vehicles. Consequently, the CAV that is aware of the existence of the upcoming road gradient increases the speed on the uphill, and decreases the speed on the downhill to minimize the battery output power, which is different from the natural behaviors of human-driven vehicles on sloped roads. To consider the constraints, the model predictive control-based speed planner is developed, and its effectiveness is verified under various driving conditions. Simulation results show that our approach significantly outperforms the alternative speed profiles in terms of battery energy-saving, achieving about 27.21% of the energy efficiency improvement. |
16,679 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Short-Term Electric Load with a Hybrid of ARIMA Model and LSTM Network, and key words: Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Load forecasting, Time series analysis, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Load modeling. Abstract: Smart Meters in the recent years have led to the generation of large consumer data sets which have enabled more energy forecasting algorithms to be designed. Two such algorithms are discussed in this paper with their minor deficiencies and a hybrid approach is proposed. First algorithm being Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model which turns out to be futile in determining nonlinear relationships that are involved. Secondly, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) can not correctly model seasonal variations in energy consumption. This paper blends Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMAX) with LSTM network by integrating their benefits for a improved electric load forecast. The major contribution is the implementation of the combining algorithm to form the hybrid network. The proposed hybrid implementations provides an almost 13.08% decrease in the mean absolute error when compared with the two algorithms. The slight superior performance of the proposed method in the power load forecasting application is highlighted in the results section. |
16,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Modal Resonance Measurement Capable of Discerning and Visualizing Effects Due to Excitation Schemes in MEMS Resonator, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Q-factor, Performance evaluation, Mechanical sensors, Visualization, Shape, Shape measurement. Abstract: The capability of characterizing MEMS resonant sensors using different driving mechanisms and measuring their resonant response in multiple physical domains can offer insights into the resonant response of the devices. Here, we present our work using a multi-modal resonance measurement system that enables driving the same MEMS resonator using electrical, optothermal and mechanical excitation schemes, and provides information of the resonant response in both spectral and spatial domains. We show that for the exact same device under the same measurement environment, different driving mechanisms can lead to important differences in resonance frequency, quality factor, and mode shape. Our findings can lead to new insights into the dynamics of such resonant sensors, and important implications for characterization protocols. |
16,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Self-Monitored 3D Stress Sensor for Adhesive Degradation Detection in Multilayer Assemblies, and key words: Conductive adhesives, Strain, Piezoresistive devices, Flip-chip devices. Abstract: In this paper, a novel technique is proposed to provide a 3D piezoresistive MEMS stress sensor with a real-time self-monitoring of its bonding status. Perceiving the degradation of this interlayer due to different environmental parameters is crucial for reliable electronics and sensors assembly. The utilized sensor is featuring strain technology to fully extract the six stress components. Whenever a multilayer assembly, such as a sensor on a structure, is subjected to thermal or mechanical load, out-of-plane shear stress will accumulate at its edge as a reaction for peeling. As any degradation in the adhesion layer causes a significant reduction for out-of-plane shear stress, the capability of the 3D chip to measure this stress is employed to detect the degradation of the adhesive layer. To verify the capability of the current concept to experimentally quantify this loss, thermal energy is exploited for softening the bonding film. Losses up to 28 % for the out-of-plane shear stress are detected at a temperature equal to 80°c, which causes 71.9 percent decrease in the modulus of elasticity of the utilized adhesive. This significant correlation, between the out-of-plane shear stress loss and the bonding layer stiffness, is used to obtain a full picture of the adhesive deterioration in an early phase. The same technique can be utilized as a low profile detector for the debonding in multilayer electronics. |
16,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Sentiment Analysis for Predicting Customer Reviews using a Hybrid Approach, and key words: Feature extraction, Motion pictures, Sentiment analysis, Machine learning, Machine learning algorithms, Classification algorithms, Support vector machines. Abstract: Sentiment Analysis is a widely used text classification technique. It breaks down any given text or comments and classify the text either as positive or negative based on the views conveyed in it. Previous works done on sentiment classification used either lexicon based approach or machine learning techniques. Likewise, the major drawback of the existing systems was the focus on only binary classification of review such as positive or negative. Ignorance of the neutral review will result in misinterpretation of a customer's opinion about a product or movie, which will degrade the business or trend. In case of using only lexicon based approach, the system highly depends on the selection of lexicon resource and dictionary. In case of system built only using machine learning approach, the performance of the system depends on the algorithms chosen. This work presents a hybrid model to resolve the neutral class too. The proposed work combines a lexical approach (SentiWordNet) with the machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes for sentiment analysis to resolve the neutral opinions beyond the binary categorization of the customer's review. We have also compared the performance of these four machine learning algorithms along with the lexicon approach. The results proved that Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression algorithms outperform the other two algorithms with an accuracy of about 80% which is on average differs by 6% to 10% when compared to other algorithms. |
16,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting the Seismic Event by the Electrodynamic Seismic Sensor, and key words: Vibrations, Electrodynamics, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems, Sensors, Mathematical model, Security. Abstract: Electrodynamic seismic sensors with two mechanic oscillation circuits could detect a ground vibration of two different objects with two different frequencies, for example, a human and a car. They don't need external power for their performance and have small overall dimensions, that's why they are attractive to use them in portable security or monitor systems. To estimate the detection range of the security system, including the electrodynamic seismic sensors, it is necessary to know the response of the electrodynamic seismic sensor to different seismic events. Such a response is modeled and presented in this paper. |
16,684 | Please write an abstract with title: SSTNet: Spatial, Spectral, and Texture Aware Attention Network Using Hyperspectral Image for Corn Variety Identification, and key words: Convolution, Feature extraction, Three-dimensional displays, Hyperspectral imaging, Kernel, Seeds (agriculture), Electronic mail. Abstract: Currently, most existing methods using hyperspectral images to assist seed identification only consider the spectral information but ignore the spatial information resulting in unsatisfactory classification results. To cope with this issue, we propose a spatial, spectral, and texture-aware attention network to identify corn varieties, called SSTNet. Specifically, we first employ 3-D convolution to extract the spatial and inter-spectral features. Subsequently, we utilize 2-D convolution to extract the spatial and texture features. Meanwhile, we embed an attention mechanism into the 2-D convolution module to further refine the spatial and texture features. The advantageous complementary properties of 3-D and 2-D convolutions allow the spatial and textural features of hyperspectral images to be fully exploited. Besides, we construct a hyperspectral image dataset including 1200 samples of ten corn varieties. Experiments on our proposed dataset demonstrate that our SSTNet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for identifying corn varieties. |
16,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Nanotechnology, quantum information theory and quantum computing, and key words: Quantum computing, Quantum mechanics, Nanotechnology, Information theory, Computer architecture, Logic gates, Optical computing, Nanoscale devices, Moore's Law, Switches. Abstract: Significant progress has been made in various applications of nanotechnology, and much efforts have been concentrated on the theory of nanocomputers. There are the need to examine nanocomputer architectures which include the following major components: the arithmetic-logic unit, the memory unit, the input/output unit, and the control unit. The recent results illustrate that novel logic and memory nanoscale integrated circuits can be fabricated and implemented. This progress is primarily due to the application of nanotechnology. Fundamental and applied results researched in this paper further expand the horizon of nanocomputer theory and nanotechnology practice. It is illustrated that novel nanocomputer architectures and organizations must be discovered and examined to ensure the highest level of efficiency, flexibility and robustness. |
16,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Silicon ICs for high-speed, high-bandwidth optical data communications, and key words: Silicon, High speed optical techniques, Data communication, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Integrated circuit interconnections, LAN interconnection, Optical filters, Optical interconnections, Optical arrays. Abstract: A wide range of silicon ICs have been demonstrated for high-speed, high-bandwidth optical data communications. These include a 12-channel VCSEL array driver at 10.3125 Gbps per channel for box/board level interconnects, a 7-tap distributed transversal filter for LAN/SAN interconnects, OC-768 receiver and transmitter for NVAN/MAN/Campus interconnects, and exploratory silicon 10 Gbps photodetectors for potential integration with logic circuits. In addition, high-speed circuits, >100 Gbps, and parallel array testers have been demonstrated to facilitate both high-speed and massively parallel optical link evaluation. |
16,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical approach of the stator current frequency harmonics computation for detection of induction machine rotor faults, and key words: Frequency, Fault detection, Induction machines, Thermal stresses, Information analysis, Magnetic analysis, Electrical fault detection, Stator cores, Harmonic analysis, Bars. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze theoretically and experimentally the stator current of a three-phase squirrel cage induction machine in order to show how it is influenced by rotor faults. The approach used for this study analyzes the modification introduced by n broken rotor bars in the rotor cage magnetomotive force (MMF) and then, estimates the resulting frequency spectrum in the stator current. This approach is validated in a 3 kW-230 V/400 V-50 Hz-2850 rpm-2 poles three-phase induction machine, showing the sensible frequency components to this fault condition. |
16,688 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecast-Based V2G Aggregation Model for Day-Ahead and Real-Time Operations, and key words: Real-time systems, Optimization, Vehicle-to-grid, Automobiles, Indexes. Abstract: The expected increase of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will have a huge impact on the electrical grid operations. EVscan be considered as stochastic loads from the electric grid point of view. To avoid the creation of grid unbalances and favor the possibility of performing grid services, EVs scheduling can be optimized by aggregators, new entities which consider the coordination of more EVs at the same time. This work investigates the feasibility of a fully automated aggregator logic. The strategy considers the day-ahead optimization of the EVs fleet charge, considering a forecast on the arrival and departure times, and the energy required for the next trip. Forecasts are built from a real travel database. Moreover, the logic assures that in real-time operation, all vehicles can be recharged, and the overall power profile respects the day-ahead optimization without causing unbalances in the grid. The algorithm employs the forecasts and applies the logic to 3 EVs. The aggregator is able to recharge the vehicles fulfilling the electrical grid balance. |
16,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Model Compression of Ensembles for Evolving Data Streams Forecasting, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Time series analysis, Neural networks, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Ensemble methods combining several models have shown superior predictive performance in data streams forecasting compared to individual models. Besides, they can cope with evolving data streams and concept drift as they allow adaptation. However, ensembles are renowned for their complexity and computational costs which makes them unsuitable in cases where both resources and time are limited such as IoT applications. In this paper, we propose to use model compression in the streaming setting in order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. We show that compressing a highly performing dynamic ensemble into an individual model leads to better predictive performance when compared to an individual learner while significantly reducing computational costs. We conduct an extensive experimental study on both real and synthetic time series to measure the impact of compression on both predictive performance and computational cost. |
16,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Invention of the injection laser at IBM, and key words: Semiconductor lasers, Gallium arsenide, Masers, Power lasers, Optical losses, Optical materials, Stimulated emission, Laboratories, Physics, Energy states. Abstract: The events leading up to the observation of stimulated emission from GaAs p-n junctions at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Laboratory in 1962 are recounted, and the subsequent occurrences which culminated with the making of a GaAs laser are described. |
16,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Unleashing The Flexibiliy of Distributed Energy Resources Based on Cloud-edge-end Architecture, and key words: Cloud computing, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Biological system modeling, Aggregates, Computer architecture, Virtual power plants. Abstract: Facing the increasing flexibility requirement brought by large-scale renewables and the goal of carbon neutrality, demand-side distributed energy resources (DERs) will take an active part in providing flexible ramping products (FRPs). However, their potential for flexibility is currently significantly curtailed, since i) the capacity of individual DER is too small to enter the market; ii) in the centralized control framework, the integration of numerous DERs lead to excessive computational burden and no guarantee of user’s privacy. To unleash the hidden flexibility of DERs, this paper proposes a virtual power plant (VPP) operation strategy in a cloud-edge-end hierarchical architecture to manage and control DERs: in edge-end synergy, the virtual battery models are established to describe the aggregate flexibility of flexible loads; in cloud-edge synergy, an economic scheduling model is proposed for VPP participating energy and FRP market. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively exploit the flexibility of DERs and reduce the operating cost of VPP. |
16,692 | Please write an abstract with title: A hybrid PO-higher-order hierarchical MoM formulation using curvilinear geometry modeling, and key words: Message-oriented middleware, Geometry, Solid modeling, Geometrical optics, Scattering, Physical optics, Moment methods, Reflector antennas, Jacobian matrices, Polynomials. Abstract: A very efficient hybrid PO-MoM method has been presented. In contrast to existing methods, the present solution employs higher-order hierarchical basis functions to discretize the MoM and PO currents. This allows to reduce the number of basis functions in both the PO and MoM regions considerably which implies a very modest memory requirement. Nevertheless, the hierarchical feature of the basis functions maintains the ability to treat small geometrical details efficiently. In addition, the scatterer is modelled with higher-order curved patches which allows accurate modelling of curved surfaces with a low number of patches. A numerical result for an offset shaped reflector antenna illustrated the accuracy of the method. |
16,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind deconvolution of noisy blurred images via dispersion minimization, and key words: Deconvolution, Image restoration, Degradation, Finite impulse response filter, Convolution, Adaptive filters, Cost function, Blind equalizers, Image reconstruction, Large scale integration. Abstract: In linear image restoration, the point spread function of the degrading system is assumed known even though this information is usually not available in real applications. As a result, both blur identification and image restoration must be performed from the observed noisy blurred image. This paper presents a computationally simple linear adaptive finite impulse response filter for blind image deconvolution. This is essentially a two-dimensional version of the constant modulus algorithm that is well known in the field of blind equalization. The two-dimensional extension is shown capable of reconstructing noisy blurred images using partial a priori information about the true image and the point spread function. The method is applicable to minimum as well as mixed phase blurs. Experimental results are provided. |
16,694 | Please write an abstract with title: A wideband bi-semicircular slot antenna, and key words: Broadband antennas, Slot antennas, Topology, Bandwidth, Resonance, Wideband, Narrowband, Frequency, Antenna radiation patterns, Polarization. Abstract: The design of wideband, miniaturized, and efficient radiating elements has become the subject of intense investigation. Ring antennas are considered to be among the narrowband resonant antennas and occupy an area of /spl lambda//sup 2//4/spl pi/ at their first resonance (Batchelor, J.C. and Langley, R.J., 1996). However, ring antennas do not make efficient use of this area. We present a modified topology for the ring antenna in order to obtain a larger bandwidth without increasing the occupied area. One such topology, based on annular ring slot antennas, is proposed. It is shown that the modified antenna topology has a much gentler input reactance as a function of frequency, which is exploited to achieve much higher bandwidth. This increase in the bandwidth is obtained without putting any constraints on the radiation patterns, antenna efficiency (gain), or adversely affecting the antenna polarization purity. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the new topology presents a bandwidth that is by a factor of 7.3 (730%) higher than that of an ordinary annular ring slot antenna. The design procedure and measurement results are presented and discussed. |
16,695 | Please write an abstract with title: A topological approach for segmenting human body shape, and key words: Humans, Torso, Data mining, Noise shaping, Arm, Leg, Educational institutions, Noise robustness, Shape measurement, Information technology. Abstract: Segmentation of a 3D human body, is a very challenging problem in applications exploiting human scan data. To tackle this problem, the paper proposes a topological approach based on the discrete Reeb graph (DRG) which is an extension of the classical Reeb graph to handle unorganized clouds of 3D points. The essence of the approach concerns detecting critical nodes in the DRG, thereby permitting the extraction of branches that represent parts of the body. Because the human body shape representation is built upon global topological features that are preserved so long as the whole structure of the human body does not change, our approach is quite robust against noise, holes, irregular sampling, frame change and posture variation. Experimental results performed on real scan data demonstrate the validity of our method. |
16,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Lie Detection Using Fuzzy Ensemble Approach With Novel Defuzzification Method for Classification of EEG Signals, and key words: Electroencephalography, Feature extraction, Probes, Task analysis, Support vector machines, Data mining, Brain-computer interfaces. Abstract: The ability to analyze deceit behavior in humans is an extremely vital issue where legal and security purposes are considered. Using the P300 component of event-related potential (ERP) [electroencephalography (EEG)], we have developed a concealed information test (CIT), which provides an easy and effective way to identify whether an individual carries some concealed information. The P300 component is elicited when an individual is provoked with stimuli related to his/her memories. Taking advantage of this P300 feature, several images of certain familiar and nonfamiliar faces are shown to the subjects during the experiment. Throughout the image presentation, EEG data of the subject are recorded. Signal preprocessing, processing, and classification algorithms are then implemented on the recorded EEG data. This article aims to classify the recorded EEG data for CIT. For extracting the spatial features from the recorded EEG data (of range 0.5-30 Hz), a common spatial pattern has been used. A fuzzy integrator system is developed using classifier performance measures as the antecedents. A novel defuzzification function called generalized mean of maxima (GMoM) has also been proposed to achieve a classification score or value. The experimental results demonstrate the outperformance of fuzzy-based CIT with significant classification accuracy. |
16,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Kinematic simulations of static radiographs provides discriminating features of multiple hip pathologies, and key words: Biomechanical Phenomena, Femoracetabular Impingement, Hip, Hip Joint, Humans, Radiography, Young Adult. Abstract: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of ambulatory disability. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may lead to premature osteoarthritis in a young adult population. Current clinical assessments of DDH and FAI include clinical history, static radiological metrics, and physical examinations. Methods involving dynamic radiography such as fluoroscopy are costly and time-consuming for both patient and physician. Therefore, our aim was to simulate dynamic gait on 3D static radiological images of hips to generate "virtual interference" points between the femur and acetabulum with three methods of center-of-rotation (COR): static spherical, dynamic spherical, and dynamic ellipsoidal. We simulated the gait kinematics on pre-segmented CT images for three groups: DDH (N=10), FAI (N=10), and asymptomatic normal (N=11). The femoral head was divided into four medial quadrants to compare the ratios of virtual interference within the regions along the gait cycle and as a temporal mean. We hypothesized that discriminating characteristics would exist between the two pathologies and for the dynamic COR methods to have more discriminating characteristics than the static COR method. For each COR method, we found the temporal mean of virtual interference to be significantly different in almost every region between the hip conditions. The significance was most distinct when using the static spherical method of COR. These results are promising to individual clinical assessments of hip pathologies using static radiographs and ultimately work towards preventing premature hip disease. |
16,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Radio SLAM for Multiple Robots based on WiFi Fingerprint Similarity, and key words: Meters, Visualization, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Fuses, Collaboration, Estimation, Fingerprint recognition. Abstract: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) enables autonomous robots to navigate and execute their tasks through unknown environments. However, performing SLAM in large environments with a single robot is not efficient, and visual or LiDAR-based SLAM requires feature extraction and matching algorithms, which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present a collaborative SLAM approach with multiple robots using the pervasive WiFi radio signals. A centralized solution is proposed to optimize the trajectory based on the odometry and radio fingerprints collected from multiple robots. To improve the localization accuracy, a novel similarity model is introduced that combines received signal strength (RSS) and detection likelihood of an access point (AP). We perform extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed similarity model and collaborative SLAM framework. |
16,699 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmit/receive MIMO antenna subset selection, and key words: MIMO, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Character generation, Diversity methods, Chromium, AWGN, Throughput, Wireless LAN, Network address translation. Abstract: The paper discusses antenna subset selection in MIMO wireless systems. The subsets of transmit and receive antennas are selected so as to maximise the channel capacity. First of all, we establish the relationship between the multiplexing gain and the diversity gain achievable with adaptive antenna subset selection. Second, we indicate a selection rule that allows a full diversity advantage to be achieved with a reduced computational effort, by decoupling the combined transmit/receive selection into the separate selection of transmit/receive subsets. Finally, we study the performance of practical systems with antenna selection in the context of high throughput MIMO-OFDM WLAN. |
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