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16,500 | Please write an abstract with title: Dealing with Ferroresonance in Series-Compensated Power Systems: An Operational Guideline, and key words: Electric potential, Power quality, Europe, Wind farms, Transformers, Particle measurements, Ferroresonance. Abstract: Ferroresonance severely impacts power quality and can also cause potential damage to electrical equipment when excessive voltages and currents are induced. Ferroresonance is rarely demonstrated provided that all three source phases are energized. However, when series-compensated lines are involved, a special type of ferroresonance can occur where the power system symmetry is remained. In Sweden, there is an increased demand to connect wind farms at the series-compensated sections. However, the transformers that link these wind farms increase the ferroresonance risk during certain operational conditions. The transmission system operator must be aware of these circumstances to ensure safe operation, but the complex nature of such nonlinear phenomena makes it difficult to understand and hard to predict. Therefore, this work offers a plausible understanding of ferroresonance that involves series-compensated lines. It also develops operational guidelines that ensure safe operation by raising awareness of the high-risk operational conditions. Moreover, real-world ferroresonance field measurements are shown from an operational experience that violated the operational guideline. The transformer model implementation is essential when dealing with ferroresonance simulations. Therefore, the transformer model implementation is discussed and the simulation model is validated based on the real-world operational experience. |
16,501 | Please write an abstract with title: CIDS: Collaborative Intrusion Detection System using Blockchain Technology, and key words: Distributed ledger, Smart contracts, Collaboration, Intrusion detection, Fabrics, Blockchains, Security. Abstract: Due to the colossal advancement of cyber security threats and attacks, intrusion detection system (IDS) seems to shift their culture toward more collaborative working methods. An aggressor can exploit these vulnerabilities and penetrate the network organisation. There is a tremendous demand for larger networking set-ups to be secured in order to protect from malicious activities. Collaborative Intrusion Detection Networks (CIDN) techniques have been deployed in pragmatic scenarios to maximise the realistic detection performance, allowing a collection of IDS nodes to share and communicate mandatory information, such as signature-based IDS and attack alerts. Due to the distributed system of CIDN, there is an immense likelihood of insider security threats presenting the susceptibility of the system. In this paper, we examine the potential of Blockchain technology to enhance the robustness and efficiency of CIDSs in terms of trust management by proposing a CIDSs architecture based on Hyperledger Fabric and Snort IDS. |
16,502 | Please write an abstract with title: 50G-PON Downstream Link up to 40 km With a 1342 nm Integrated EML+SOA, and key words: Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Power generation, Optical saturation, Optical network units, Power amplifiers, Gain, Passive optical networks. Abstract: A monolithically integrated EML+SOA delivering an output power of +13 dBm is demonstrated as a compact Tx for the 50G-PON downstream link. The device delivers +13 dBm of output power with 6 dB extinction ratio and 55 dB/0.1nm OSNR while also passing the 50G-PON eye mask. By exploiting SOA chirp reduction correlated to the gain saturation effects we demonstrate enhanced fiber transmission performance. Since 50G-PON is going to be the first PON technology to adopt digital signal processing (DSP), we use receiver side equalization (EQ) in a 20 km link to demonstrate a link budget of 35.8 dB. Furthermore, working in conjunction with the 50G-PON equalizer, a link up to 40 km SSMF at 1342 nm is realized. |
16,503 | Please write an abstract with title: Human-Centered Torque Vectoring Control for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Considering Driving Characteristics, and key words: Vehicles, Torque, Uncertainty, Stability criteria, Robustness, Tires, Optimization. Abstract: Most of the existing torque vectoring control (TVC) strategies are “vehicle-centered,” hence, fail to consider how driving characteristics affect the vehicle's motion. To address this issue, we propose a hierarchically structured human-<;bold/>centered TVC (HCTVC) for distributed drive electric vehicles (EVs). To do this we design the experiment to characterize the drivers' behavior with different skills. Then a global objective function is formulated considering the driver's physical and mental workload, as well as the agility and stability of the vehicle, to optimize the overall performance of the driver-vehicle system. Next, an adaptive second-order sliding mode controller (ASOSM) based on the backstepping method is designed as the upper-level controller to improve system robustness. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the weight self-tuning strategy is developed as the lower-level controller to solve the torque distribution problem. We further obtain the analytical solution to this optimization problem. Experimental results on the asphalt and icy roads confirm that the proposed HCTVC significantly enhances the vehicle transient response and reduces the driver's workload. |
16,504 | Please write an abstract with title: An Outdoor GPS Navigation Optimization Method Based On Naïve Bayes Method, and key words: Costs, Navigation, Heuristic algorithms, Companies, Inspection, Prediction algorithms, Path planning. Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low execution efficiency when the mobile robot encounters obstacles in outdoor navigation, Naïve Bayes prediction is added to the general path planning algorithm in this paper. And the new algorithm makes the robot reduce the probability of encountering obstacles. When calculating a single path, risk weight which is obtained by Bayesian prediction is added and it is superimposed with the path length weight to obtain a new comprehensive weight. The Dijkstra algorithm with risk weight is used to obtain the shortest path for the robot to travel to the mission point. The dynamic programming algorithm is used to realize the path planning of robot outdoor inspection. Experiments show that after adding the path blockage risk prediction, the robot's completion time in patrol tasks and the probability of failure are reduced, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. |
16,505 | Please write an abstract with title: A Respiratory and Heartbeat Signal Extraction Algorithm Based on UWB Radar System, and key words: Heart beat, Simulation, Sparse matrices, Ultra wideband radar, Clutter, Signal resolution, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In the rescue of natural disasters such as earthquake and mud-rock flow, it is not easy to find the survivors buried under the ruins, and special patients with large areas of skin burns and scald are not suitable to use the traditional way to obtain their breathing and heartbeat information. This paper proposes an UWB radar system based detection algorithm for respiratory and heartbeat signals, and applies UWB technology to the radar system to realize non-contact human respiratory and heartbeat signals detection. As the echo signal of radar contains strong external noise, and the energy of human respiration and heartbeat signal is small, in order to obtain useful information, the clutter processing of echo signal and the extraction of target respiration and heartbeat signal are very important. This paper focuses on the extraction technology of respiration and heartbeat signal from echo signal. After clutter removal of the echo signal, FFT is made along the distance to collect signal energy. Finally, it is iteratively processed by weighted sparse reconstruction algorithm. After multiple iterations, target respiration and heartbeat signal is successfully extracted. The simulation results show that this method can accurately extract the target respiration and heartbeat signal, and the complexity of the algorithm is low. |
16,506 | Please write an abstract with title: On Resource Allocation in Covert Wireless Communication With Channel Estimation, and key words: Channel estimation, Wireless communication, Receivers, Resource management, Rayleigh channels, Transmitters. Abstract: This work, for the first time, tackles channel estimation design with pilots in the context of covert wireless communication. We consider Rayleigh fading for the communication channel from a transmitter to a receiver, both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading for the detection channel from the transmitter to a warden. Before transmitting information signals, the transmitter has to send pilots to enable channel estimation at the receiver. For the case with AWGN detection channel, we first analytically prove that transmitting pilot and information signals with equal power minimizes the warden's detection performance. This motivates us to consider the equal transmit power and then optimize channel use allocation between pilot and information signals under this case. Our analysis shows that the optimal number of the channel uses allocated to pilots increases as the covertness constraint becomes tighter. For the case with Rayleigh fading detection channel, we present a general framework to optimally allocate transmit power and channel uses between pilot and information signals. Our examination shows that the covert communication performance gain achieved by this general framework is not remarkable relative to the scheme with equal transmit power and this gain diminishes as the covertness constraint becomes stricter. |
16,507 | Please write an abstract with title: Comprehensive Evaluation of Emergency Situation after Collisions at Sea Based on Extenics, and key words: Analytical models, Correlation, Automation, Conferences, Safety, Information management, Marine vehicles. Abstract: In order to accurately analyze the emergency situation of ships at sea after a collision, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model based on extenics. A safety evaluation indicator system is constructed, including three second-level indicators and fifteen third-level indicators. The classical domain and sectional domain of each indicator are established. Then the correlation degree of the indicator relative to each risk level is calculated according to the correlation degree function. The extension dynamic weight method is adopted to assign the weight to each indicator based on the risk level correlation degree. The weighted correlation degree is calculated to obtain the evaluation result. Finally, a case study is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. Experiment results show that it is reasonable to use the extenics theory to analyze the emergency situation of ships after collision at sea. |
16,508 | Please write an abstract with title: Memory Characteristics of Iterative Methods, and key words: Iterative methods, Bandwidth, Optimizing compilers, Iterative algorithms, Random access memory, Multigrid methods, Partial differential equations, Delay, Performance analysis, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Conventional implementations of iterative numerical algorithms, especially multigrid methods, merely reach a disappointing small percentage of the theoretically available CPU performance when applied to representative large problems. One of the most important reasons for this phenomenon is that the current DRAM technology cannot provide the data fast enough to keep the CPU busy. Although the fundamentals of cache optimizations are quite simple, current compilers cannot optimize even elementary iterative schemes. In this paper, we analyze the memory and cache behavior of iterative methods with extensive profiling and describe program transformation techniques to improve the cache performance of two- and three-dimensional multigrid algorithms. |
16,509 | Please write an abstract with title: Transformation of the orbital and spin parts of the angular momentum of laser beams in the course of their interaction in nonlinear gyrotropic media in the framework of classical electrodynamics, and key words: Electrodynamics, Optical mixing, Media, Orbits, Laser beams, Photonics. Abstract: Nonlinear optical mixing of light waves, carrying both orbital and spin angular momentum, can lead to conversion between spin and orbital angular momenta of the fundamental and signal photons. From this point of view, a number of classical problems of nonlinear optics of media with local and nonlocal nonlinear response were studied analytically and numerically in which the propagation of wide class of uniform and nonuniform elliptically polarized waves have been discussed. |
16,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Competitive algorithms for the on-line inventory problem, and key words: Game theory, Algorithm design and analysis, Load management, Machine learning algorithms, Optimized production technology, Inventory management, Probability distribution, Marketing and sales, Uncertainty, Upper bound. Abstract: An on-line inventory problem is proposed and studied by our team differing from the traditional version of the problem, in which probability distributions for sales are supposed to know to the decision-maker, the on-line inventory problem of concern is due to the uncertainty where decision-makers only know the upper bound and lower bound of the daily demand for a particular product. The objective of game is to decide how many products should be prepared everyday so that the competitive ratio, which shows how close the on-line algorithm's performance to that of the relevant off-line optimal algorithm, can be minimized. First, a simplified on-line inventory problem model is formulated. Then, a competitive algorithm for general version of the problem, namely the general harmonic algorithm is presented. Furthermore the competitive ratio is proved to be the best one if decision-makers choose a fixed quantity product for any sequence of quantities from buyers. Finally, some other variants are also investigated and relevant competitive algorithms are developed. |
16,511 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-sharing boost chopper cascaded dual mode single-phase sinewave inverter for solar photovoltaic power generation system, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Time sharing computer systems, Choppers, Pulse width modulation inverters, Control systems, Prototypes, Circuit topology, Application software, Computer simulation. Abstract: This paper presents a novel prototype circuit topology and control scheme of a high efficiency time-sharing dual mode single-phase sinewave PWM inverter for small scale solar PV power generation system, which is composed of partially controlled sinewave absolute PWM boost chopper in the first power processing stage as well as partially controlled sinewave PWM inverter in the second power processing stage. Its unique operating principle of two power processing stage with time-sharing dual mode sinewave modulation strategy is described in addition to a design example. Finally, this new conceptual single-phase sinewave PWM inverter related to solar PV power generation system suitable for residential application is evaluated and discussed on the basis of computer simulation and experimental results. The effectiveness of proposed inverter is proved from a practical point of view. |
16,512 | Please write an abstract with title: New algorithm and mathematical method for an online hot-spot temperature analysis in oil immersed transformers, and key words: Temperature sensors, Oils, Windings, Phase transformers, Oil insulation, Mathematical models, Sensors. Abstract: The heart of the grid is the power transformer and it is associated to all the electrical chain for distribution, transmission and generation field. Usually the evaluation of the remaining life and condition is based on Furan analysis or dissolved gas analysis (DGA); however, both requires oil samples; in a zero downtime policy, the continuous evaluation requires an additional equipment as online DGA equipment. Due to this limitation, the alternative is the evaluation of the “hot-spot temperature” (HST) in the transformers, with the sensors available in the oil, and winding; but an online evaluation has not been considered in the international standards as IEC 60076-7. So, this paper develops the mathematical model, algorithms and evaluates in a real case study, an optional method to obtain the HST and its impacts in the remaining life. This methodology is applied to three phase transformer of a 220 kV, 90MVA with YnD11 connection. It is demonstrates the hot-spot in a online platform and the IEC calculation with the accuracy and the restrictions. |
16,513 | Please write an abstract with title: Field-Level Irrigation Monitoring with Integrated Use of Optical and Radar Time Series in Temperate Regions, and key words: Radio frequency, Irrigation, Laser radar, Time series analysis, Crops, Vegetation mapping, Optical sensors. Abstract: Accurate and spatially explicit information on irrigation is essential for sustainable water resource management, crop condition monitoring, and modelling. Although some advances have been made for irrigation mapping using remotely sensed data, most studies are conducted in semi -arid areas, while field-level irrigation mapping remains challenging for temperate regions. To assess the applicability of different time series for irrigation mapping, we used optical and Sentinel-1 data over northern Germany. Landsat and Sentinel 2 based vegetation indices and Tasselled Cap components were aggregated over the growing season and specific key phenological stages. Irrigated areas were then classified using random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (XGboost) based classifiers. In general, XGboost outperformed RF for irrigation mapping with both composites from specific growth stages and growing seasons. Overall accuracy reached satisfactory levels (~80%). The synergistic use of optical and radar data enhanced the classification accuracy. |
16,514 | Please write an abstract with title: Formation control of multiple nonholonomic vehicles with local measurements in 3D space, and key words: Space vehicles, Solid modeling, Analytical models, Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, Aerospace electronics, Extraterrestrial measurements. Abstract: We study the formation control problem for multiple nonholonomic vehicles in 3D space, where vehicles are required to maintain a prescribed pattern and rotate around a target in the target plane, with the direction of rotation along with the normal vector of the target plane. Unlike the most existing works that study formation problems of agents modeled by mass-point in a 2D plane, control of multiple nonholonomic vehicles in 3D space means a grand challenge since both the space and dynamics are complex. We give explicit formulations of the problem and vehicles’ dynamics. Then, control laws to solve the problem are proposed and further transformed into the body-fixed frames of vehicles to show that they can be easily implemented using only local measurements and the direction of gravity. Theoretical analysis is presented and simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed laws. |
16,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Re-Configurable Graphene-Based Two Port Dual-band and MIMO Antenna for THz Applications, and key words: Graphene, Dual band, Antennas, MIMO communication, Chemicals. Abstract: This paper presents a flexible graphene-based antenna for terahertz applications. A single antenna can work as a tunable dual-band as well as tunable multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) antenna. In this proposed technique, two patches are used instead of a single patch. This allows us to use the different graphene chemical potential in a single antenna. The tunability of the two ports is achieved by using different chemical potentials. If both the port has the same chemical potential the designed works as a dual-band reconfigurable antenna. In another case, if the chemical potential is tuned at the same frequency the antenna works as the MIMO antenna. In both the case, the antenna is tunable over the frequency range 1.45 THz to 2.17 THz. |
16,516 | Please write an abstract with title: The Probes into the Innovation Direction of Modern Logistics Management Mode in Artificial Intelligence Era, and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Costs, Organizations, Market research, Information management, Personnel. Abstract: Firstly, this paper expounds the new development trend of modern logistics industry, then elaborates on the modern logistics management specific presentations in artificial intelligence era, which includes cost refined management, making operation personnel better educated, informationizing front-line storage area, dealing with information intelligently. What ’ s more, it analyses the innovation ways of modern logistics management in artificial intelligence era, which include updating cost management mode, improving the coordination of operation personnel, informationizing front-line homework in storage area and dealing with logistics information intelligently. After that the paper analyses the specific innovation direction of modern logistics in the era of artificial intelligence, including the innovation of modern logistics cost management, modern logistics personnel management, organization structure of modern logistics and information management innovation between modern logistics and enterprises and other customers. Finally, the realization method of modern logistics management mode innovation in the era of artificial intelligence is expounded, including cost management throughout the whole process of modern logistics, further promoting human resources development of logistics enterprises, updating the structure of traditional logistics business departments and establishing and improving logistics information management platform. In the era of artificial intelligence, the operation and management mode of modern logistics industry are different from the past. So, modern logistics management mode should be further innovated and improved |
16,517 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting Short-term Power Grid Load Based on Recurrent Neural Network, and key words: Economics, Recurrent neural networks, Power transmission, Predictive models, Data models, Power system reliability, Reliability. Abstract: Electric power is an important energy source for national development. Power resources are not only closely related to people's lives, but also related to a country's economy. In addition, the three main processes of power generation, power transmission, and power consumption must be highly coupled together. In recent years, domestic power consumption has gradually increased, causing huge power consumption, which may lead to unexpected power outages and other major accidents. The relevant part must strike a balance between power supply quality and economic benefits. The predicted quality directly affects the economic feasibility and reliability of each power company. In this paper, combining the real power load data of a power plant in Slovakia and the real power load data of a certain region of my country, the two-layer LSTM model, the LSTM model combined with the Attention mechanism, and the two-branch LSTM model are proposed and verified. Based on the experimental results of the two datasets, this paper finds that because the two-branch LSTM model has the highest model complexity, it has the best fit to the load data, and the prediction results are the most accurate. |
16,518 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Kalman filter design for discrete-time systems with Markovian jumping parameters, and key words: Robustness, Riccati equations, Kalman filters, Nonlinear filters, Filtering, Linear systems, Uncertainty, Design methodology, Estimation error, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: In this paper, the robust Kalman filtering problem for uncertain discrete-time linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters is addressed. It is assumed that the information about the jumping parameters is available, and the uncertainties are formulated by linear fractional transformation. We propose two methods for designing Markovian jumping filters so that the covariance of estimation error is bounded above. The main results are presented via a set of algebraic Riccati equations and a set of linear matrix inequalities. |
16,519 | Please write an abstract with title: ConsDiff: identification of conserved differences between sets of amino acid sequences, and key words: Amino acids, Cities and towns, Matrices, Computer science, Electronic mail, Protein engineering, Conferences, Databases, Expert systems. Abstract: Proteins have been classified into families based on metrics of similarity such as sequence or structural similarity. However, there are significant differences in function even within families. For example, only a subset of the family of matrix metalloproteinases is capable of cleaving collagen. Typically, a scientist scans multiple sequence alignment by eye to find amino acids that might be responsible for differences in functionality. This is based on a set of parametric rules using log-odds scores from amino acid substitution matrices and a multiple sequence alignment. ConsDiff is a Web server-based implementation of this approach that uses ClustalW to generate a multiple sequence alignment and then highlights conserved differences between two sets of sequences. ConsDiff offers flexibility in thresholds of detection and the choice of several PAM/BLOSUM matrices, or a user specified matrix or alignment. This allows the automated discovery of candidate residues that may be responsible for critical differences in function, which may then be experimentally verified. |
16,520 | Please write an abstract with title: A study of dynamic severity in chaotic fitness landscapes, and key words: Chaos, Evolutionary computation, Algorithm design and analysis, Frequency measurement, Runtime environment, Random variables, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we consider optimization by an evolutionary algorithm in dynamic environments that change chaotically. In particular, the concept of dynamic severity is applied to chaotic changes. So, interdependencies between severity, change frequency and predictability of the changes are analyzed. |
16,521 | Please write an abstract with title: A New A/D Converter Using Surface Acoustic Waves, and key words: Surface acoustic waves, Acoustic waves, Analog-digital conversion, Frequency conversion, Frequency modulation, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Acoustic beams, Acoustic scattering, Filter bank, Acoustic transducers. Abstract: A new analog to digital (A/D) converter is described. The analog signal is first converted into a frequency swept modulated signal by means of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) voltage controlled oscillator. On the same substrate, the acouatic beam is scattered by a multistrip reflective array arranged in a N-track filter bank, with N = 2/sup n/ for a n - bit converter. The output transducers are arranged in order to use the Gray code and a cheap logic restores the binary code. The first experiments on a multitrack 3 bit-converter working in the frequency range 144.5-151 MHz are reported. Such a device meets the requirements of moderate precision and relatively fast A/D converter. At last, potential capabilities-number of bits, conversion time, power supply, size, etc. . .-of these new devices are discussed. |
16,522 | Please write an abstract with title: The odd discrete Fourier transform, and key words: Discrete Fourier transforms, Frequency domain analysis, Fourier transforms, Filtering, Equations, Power harmonic filters, Discrete transforms. Abstract: It is shown that the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), when used in the conventional manner with the frequency samples located at zero and integer multiples of 1/T, where T is the signal duration, gives an inaccurate representation of the spectrum of certain frequencies that are located near the top and bottom end of the band. It is further shown that this type of error can be eliminated by using the Odd Discrete Fourier Transform (ODFT) in which the frequency samples are located at odd multiples of 1/2T. An application of the ODFT in two dimensional filtering is also discussed. |
16,523 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of All-Digital Burst Clock and Data Recovery for Symmetrical Single-wavelength 50G PON Application using Low-bandwidth Optics, and key words: Optical losses, Asia, Bandwidth, Propagation losses, Downlink, Optical fiber communication, Uplink. Abstract: We experimentally demonstrated all-digital burst clock and data recovery for symmetrical 50-Gb/s/A PON using low-bandwidth optics over the same fiber link to support over 26 dB power budget. The performances of uplink burst-mode is studied. |
16,524 | Please write an abstract with title: You Are What You Read: The Effect of Corpus and Training Task on Semantic Absorption in Recurrent Neural Architectures, and key words: Training, Geometry, Vocabulary, Semantics, Natural languages, Encyclopedias, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Recurrent neural networks are able to capture semantic meaning within the geometry of the resultant embedding space, but the impact of training corpus and training curriculum on the structure of the learned representations remains poorly understood. This paper sheds some light on the mystery by comparing the performance of a simple recurrent model on three training tasks and two strongly divergent training corpora. The learned representations are compared on tasks including the Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark, the Stanford Natural Language Inference Corpus, and Google’s Analogical Reasoning Test Set. Results show that context-based training produces the strongest semantic alignment within the embedding space, with reconstruction loss as an interesting close second. Pairwise comparisons of models trained on different corpora show that the choice of corpus also has powerful effects on the learned representations. Most importantly, we observe that the choice of input corpus and training task are not unilaterally independent, but instead interact with each other in interesting ways. This motivates a cautionary position against training neural models by simply throwing as many different training tasks as possible into the mix. Instead, it may be wiser to carefully select only tasks that are compatible with the chosen input corpus, and vice versa. |
16,525 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative decoding of JPEG coded images with channel coding in bit-rate analysis, and key words: Iterative decoding, Channel coding, Image analysis, Image quality, Image coding, Maximum likelihood decoding, Delay, Protection, Error correction, Forward error correction. Abstract: We investigate iterative decoding of JPEG coded images combined with channel coding in bit-rate over noisy channels. The bit-rates and forward error correction are considered in different channel conditions. The bit-rate can be produced different image quality and data. The lower bit-rate presents the worse image quality, but the image data is less. However, the channel encoder gives a little error protection after the source encoder. The turbo decoder can produce a good image quality by several iterations. By these iterations mechanism, the lower bit-rate compression also presents a good image quality after source decoding. The increase the number of iteration gains the average of the PSNR up to 8-9 dB in the same bit-rate in the channel conditions. We propose the lower bit-rate image quality also achieving the corresponding performance than high bit-rate image quality by the corresponding iterations. The minor performance of the PSNR can be improved more than 5 iterations. Therefore, the iterative decoding scheme can be achieved in a real-time system. |
16,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Arabic Speech Distinctive Phonetic Features and Phoneme Recognition Using Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Feature extraction, Phonetics, Speech recognition, Genetic algorithms, Acoustics, Recurrent neural networks. Abstract: Distinctive phonetic features have an important role in Arabic speech phoneme recognition. In a given language, distinctive phonetic features are extrapolated from acoustic features using different methods. However, exploiting lengthy acoustic features vector in the sake of phoneme recognition has a huge cost in terms of computational complexity, which in turn, affects real time applications. The aim of this work is to consider methods to reduce the size of features vector employed for distinctive phonetic feature and phoneme recognition. The objective is to select the relevant input features that contribute to the speech recognition process. This, in turn, will lead to a reduced computational complexity of recognition algorithm, and an improved recognition accuracy. In the proposed approach, genetic algorithm is used to perform optimal features selection. Therefore, a baseline model based on feedforward neural networks is first built. This model is used to benchmark the results of proposed features selection method with a method that employs all elements of a features vector. Experimental results, utilizing the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Arabic Phonetic Database, show that the average genetic algorithm based phoneme overall recognition accuracy is maintained slightly higher than that of recognition method employing the full-fledge features vector. The genetic algorithm based distinctive phonetic features recognition method has achieved a 50% reduction in the dimension of the input vector while obtaining a recognition accuracy of 90%. Moreover, the results of the proposed method is validated using Wilcoxon signed rank test. |
16,527 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of the level of stress in rats of the species Rattus norvegicus submitted to microwave radiation, and key words: Rats, Arm, Humans, Stress control, Testing, Microwave generation, Cellular phones, Laboratories, Animals, Frequency. Abstract: This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the behavioral effects verified in rats of the species Rattus norvegicus, submitted to microwave radiation. The analysis, based on the elevated cross form maze experiment, had as main objective to verify the stress level in adult and young rats that suffered the influence of non-ionizing radiation (Experimental Group) and to compare the answer ratio (number of entrances in the open arms/total number of entrances in the arms) with the Control Group, exempt of the influence of the radiation. Throughout the tests, a microwave generator was used operating in the frequency of 2.45 GHz during a daily period of one hour. The results obtained with the experiment showed that, for the older rats, no significant variation in the anxiety and stress levels was observed between the Experimental and Control Groups. On the other hand, for the younger rats there was a considerable increase of those levels in the Experimental Group in relation to the Control Group. |
16,528 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel two-dimensional ADI-FDTD algorithm for frequency dependent parameter extraction of on-chip interconnects, and key words: Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Frequency dependence, Parameter extraction, Equations, Integrated circuit interconnections, Crosstalk, Stability, Electromagnetic propagation, Physics. Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is presented for the frequency dependent parameter extraction of on-chip interconnects. The principle of the alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique that has been used in formulating an unconditionally stable 2D FDTD is applied. Unlike the conventional 2D ADI-FDTD method, however, the complex propagation constant is involved in the novel 2D ADI-FDTD algorithm. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. |
16,529 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT solution for monitoring of data in the visible and infrared spectrum, and key words: Image sensors, Microcontrollers, Manuals, Smart homes, User interfaces, Logic gates, Cameras. Abstract: In this paper a cost-effective combination between infrared and visible camera for thermal imaging applicable in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and object monitoring in smart homes is presented and demonstrated. In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid surge in assisted living technologies. Internet of Things (IoT) is a platform where every day devices become smarter, everyday processing becomes intelligent, and every day communication becomes informative. Our implementation is based on four layers IoT architecture. The user interface provides an option for manual adjustment of the image alignment from infrared and visible cameras. Apart from manual procedure, a procedure for the automatic alignment of the images of the both cameras have been developed. The time necessary for the image data processing by the microcontroller which gathers data from the sensors or by the gateway device is estimated. |
16,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge Aligned PWM for Soft-switching Three-phase Power Converters, and key words: Reactive power, Rectifiers, RLC circuits, Switches, Zero voltage switching, Pulse width modulation, Inductors. Abstract: Fundamental of Edge Aligned PWM (EA-PWM) for soft-switching three-phase power converters is presented. It aligns all the high loss commutation instants of the converter bridges in a switching cycle at the same instant so that all the switches of the three-phase converter can realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) with the help of the resonant auxiliary circuit which operates once each switching cycle. EA-PWM scheme for ZVS active-clamping three-phase converter is introduced. ZVS condition and voltage stress of the converters is derived. EA-PWM can adapt to various modulation methods such as SPWM, Harmonic Injected SPWM, Continuous Pulse Width Modulation (CPWM), Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation (DPWM), etc. The ZVS condition of three-phase CAC converter are discussed. |
16,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning models for Smart Building Load Profile Prediction, and key words: Deep learning, Smart buildings, Recurrent neural networks, Smart cities, Predictive models, Numerical models, Energy management. Abstract: With the development in the sector of smart cities, smart buildings are becoming quite popular. For effective energy management of smart buildings, the accurate prediction of the electrical consumption data is required. To increase the accuracy of prediction, the paper proposes deep learning methods for load profile prediction in a model-free environment. In this paper, a commercial smart building load profile is predicted using the re-current neural network (RNN), long short term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model. Using the best features of RNN and BiLSTM a hybrid model is developed for the load profile prediction. To compare the performance of different models error metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) are considered for performance evaluation. The paper also highlights the significance of hyperparameters in improving the accuracy of prediction. Finally, from the results, it can be claimed that the hybrid model performs better as compared to RNN, LSTM, and GRU models. |
16,532 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Churn Prediction Model with Boosted Trees Algorithms in The Banking Sector, and key words: Analytical models, Machine learning algorithms, Soft sensors, Banking, Predictive models, Data science, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Data science and machine-learning approaches assist banks in identifying the factors that encourage client churn and taking the necessary steps to reduce it. There has been a significant amount of study in the banking sector on customer turnover, but to the best of our knowledge, none of them employ the same data source, methodology, and machine learning algorithms to estimate the chance of attrition for individual customers. The purpose of this study is to research, improve, and evaluate several boosted-based techniques to develop the best possible customer churn model in a bank. In this study, we evaluate three boosting-based models to categorize customer turnover data on two scenarios: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Category Boosting (CatBoost). These methods were applied on default and hyperparameters. The hyperparameters derived from Grid Search 10-Fold Cross-Validation work. The six models developed are assessed using four distinct machine learning criteria, and we offer a model with a comprehensive methodology based on customer turnover data from a bank. Our results demonstrate that utilizing LightGBM to perform on produces the best possible model with 91.4%, 94.8%, and 87.7% for both accuracy and AUC, precision, and recall scores respectively. |
16,533 | Please write an abstract with title: Steady-State Equivalent Modeling and Equivalent Impedance Analysis of Sen Transformer, and key words: Analytical models, Windings, Phase transformers, Steady-state, Impedance, Integrated circuit modeling, Voltage control. Abstract: In order to simplify the system analysis and theoretical calculation of Sen Transformer (ST), this paper proposes a three-sequence equivalent circuit model with T-shaped structure of ST. Compared with the traditional multi-winding model, this model has a simple topology and the model parameters can be calculated based on the ST experimental parameters, simplifying modeling complexity. In view of the decrease in core ST zero-sequence excitation impedance, the accuracy of the model will be reduced. A more accurate core ST zero-sequence equivalent circuit is proposed to improve the universality of the model. Using the proposed ST equivalent circuit, the influence of ST equivalent impedance under load on the system is analyzed, and the phase shift range of ST and the calculation method of its maximum voltage are given. Based on PSCAD /EMTDC, the steady-state power flow and single-phase short-circuit conditions of ST were simulated and compared with theoretical calculations. The results show that the maximum relative error of ST output current does not exceed 0.1%, and the phase shift angle is consistent with theoretical analysis. The validity of the equivalent model and phase shift range calculation method established in this paper is verified. |
16,534 | Please write an abstract with title: The Hidden Sexual Minorities: Machine Learning Approaches to Estimate the Sexual Minority Orientation Among Beijing College Students, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Radio frequency, Learning systems, Social computing, Machine learning algorithms, Estimation. Abstract: Based on the fourth-wave Beijing College Students Panel Survey (BCSPS), this study aims to provide accurate estimation of the percentage of the potential sexual minorities among the Beijing college students by using machine learning methods. Specifically, we employ random forest (RF), an ensemble learning approach for classification and regression, to predict the sexual orientation of those who were not willing to disclose his/her inherent sexual identity. To overcome the imbalance problem arising from far different numerical proportion of sexual minority and majority members, we adopt the repeated random sub-sampling for training set by partitioning those who expressed heterosexual orientation into different number of splits and further combining each split with those who expressed sexual minority orientation. The prediction from 24-split random forest suggests that youths in Beijing with sexual minority orientation amount to 5.71%, almost two times that of the original estimation 3.03%. The results are robust to alternative learning methods and covariate sets. Besides, it is also suggested that random forest outperforms other learning algorithms, including AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression, in dealing with missing data, by showing higher accuracy, F1 score, and area under curve (AUC) value. |
16,535 | Please write an abstract with title: An empirical correlation for E(J,T) of a melt-cast-processed BSCCO-2212 superconductor under self field, and key words: Superconducting magnets, Magnetic flux, Temperature distribution, Current density, Magnetic shielding, Fault current limiters, Magnetic field measurement, Testing, Pulsed power supplies, Magnetic flux density. Abstract: An empirical correlation is developed for the electrical field strength E(J, T) of a melt-cast processed BSCCO-2212 superconductor. The empirical correlation is based, in part, on the theory of magnetic relaxation and on experimental data at 77 and 87 K. It is developed for temperatures in the range between 77 and 92 K, which is the range of interest for practical devices such as the superconducting fault current limiters. The general form of the correlation may be applicable to other high-T/sub c/ superconductors. |
16,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Asymmetric Stripline by Conformal Mapping, and key words: Stripline, Conformal mapping, Impedance, Strips, Integral equations, Conductors, Electrical capacitance tomography, Differential equations, Calculus. Abstract: This paper presents analysis of asymmetric stripline using a conformal mapping technique. The expression obtained for the characteristic impedance shows its functional dependence on the dimensions of the stripline. Equations for equipotential and flux lines and an expression for field distribution in the stripline are derived. Plots of impedance variation with strip width and strip displacement are presented. |
16,537 | Please write an abstract with title: Scaling Effect on Inter-Turn Short-Circuit of PM Machines for Wind Power Application, and key words: Coils, Analytical models, Fault tolerance, Atmospheric modeling, Magnetic cores, Fault tolerant systems, Wind power generation. Abstract: This paper proposes a general analytical model of surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) machines with series-connected coils under inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault. One prominent feature of this model is that the air-gap and slot-leakage components of inductances under fault are calculated separately, which consider the influences of pole number and spatial distribution of coils. In the model, winding function approach (WFA) is used to calculate the air-gap inductance components by considering all space harmonics whilst slot-leakage inductance components are obtained by using slot permeance method. The proposed faulty machine model built in Matlab/Simulink is validated by time stepping FE simulations for a 3kW 96-slot 32-pole SPM machine. The model is suitable for the fast evaluation of fault performance of SPM machines and the development of faulty model considering core saturation if necessary. Other power ratings (0.5MW and 3MW) have also been investigated to study scaling effect on machine fault-tolerant capability. |
16,538 | Please write an abstract with title: Record High Power Single-mode Operation and Beam Steering of VCSEL-Integrated Amplifier/Beam Scanner, and key words: Optical fiber amplifiers, Beam steering, Three-dimensional displays, Power amplifiers, Thermal management, Optical fiber communication, Sensors. Abstract: We demonstrate single-mode surface-grating VCSEL-integrated amplifier/beam scanner. We obtained the record single-mode output-power over 3W under pulsed operations. A continuous fan-beam steering of 5° and 70 resolution points are achieved. |
16,539 | Please write an abstract with title: P2P knowledge management: an investigation of the technical architecture and main process, and key words: Knowledge management, Ontologies, Peer to peer computing, Computer architecture, Knowledge acquisition, Databases, Information management, Centralized control, Indexing, Publishing. Abstract: This paper presents the architecture of peer-to-peer (P2P) management of knowledge artifacts based on a distributed ontology. We analyze the main processes of knowledge management (KM), namely, knowledge acquisition and knowledge retrieval. P2P information management and ontologies yield significant advantages when combined and applied as advanced Web application for KM: (1) the knowledge owner (called knowledge peer) keeps control of his/her ontologies and knowledge artifacts against other knowledge peers, (2) corporations benefit because valuable knowledge will spread among knowledge peers due to P2P properties and thus will not be lost even if particular individuals leave the corporation. |
16,540 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital holographic microscopy, a new imaging technology applied to biological cells and tissues, and key words: Holography, Microscopy, Biological cells, Biological tissues, High-resolution imaging, Image reconstruction, Nanobioscience, Image resolution, Optical propagation, Dielectrics. Abstract: Digital holographic microscopy is a new imaging technique offering high resolution and real time observation capabilities. This new imaging approach is based on the coherent propagation of light in dielectric matter in general: biological objects in particular. The originality of our approach is to provide both a slightly modified microscope design, yielding digital holograms of microscopic objects and an interactive computer environment to easily reconstruct object shape from digital holograms at the nanoscale. Real time image reconstruction and rendering is henceforth possible, thus providing a new tool in the hands of nano-systems engineers and biologists. Direct imaging of cells and tissues structure. In vitro and possibly in vivo by the newly developed imaging technique is deemed to offer unique investigation means in biology and medicine |
16,541 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reclosing Scheme of Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker for MMC-HVdc Systems, and key words: Circuit faults, Fault diagnosis, HVDC transmission, Fault currents, Arresters, Circuit breakers, Power system reliability. Abstract: With the increasing demand for large capacity power transmission over long distance, the use of overhead lines is required, which greatly increases the probability of temporary faults. After the faulty line is isolated by hybrid dc circuit breakers (HCBs), the power supply can be restored immediately by reclosing them in the event of temporary fault. However, fragile semiconductor switches will undergo two consecutive faults after the reclose of HCBs when permanent fault occurs. Therefore, a reclosing scheme is proposed in this article to avoid the nonselective reclose of HCBs, whose core principle is an identification method of the instantaneous and the permanent faults. By controlling semiconductor switches in HCB, traveling wave signal is injected into the dc line. Then, whether the fault exists on the line can be determined by the difference in propagation characteristics of the injected signal. The effectiveness of the proposed reclosing scheme is verified by both point-to-point and four-terminal high-voltage dc (HVdc) test systems based on modular multilevel converter built in PSCAD/EMTDC platform. Extensive simulations show that it is robust to fault resistance, etc., and has no identification dead zone. Besides, it has little impact on the healthy part of the system even the permanent fault occurs. |
16,542 | Please write an abstract with title: Motor speed reconstruction in a compact EMA for primary flight controls via sensor-fusion technique, and key words: Weight measurement, Time-frequency analysis, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Metrology, Performance analysis, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: The paper deals with the development and the performance characterisation of a sensor-fusion technique aiming to the reconstruction of the motor speed feedback in a compact EMA for primary flight control applications. The technique is based on the combination of the measurements of a LVDT and the Hall-effect sensors of the BLDC motor of the actuator. Firstly, the nonlinear dynamic model of the EMA used for the performance analysis is presented, successively the speed reconstruction technique is described, explaining the rationale underlying the design concept. The performances of the speed reconstruction are finally characterised in both frequency and time domains, by evaluating the errors of the speed estimates in both open-loop mode (directly imposing speed inputs) and closed-loop mode (simulating the position tracking response of the EMA). |
16,543 | Please write an abstract with title: Regularization on Spatio-Temporally Smoothed Feature for Action Recognition, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Training, Computational modeling, Perturbation methods, Image recognition, Frequency modulation, Two dimensional displays. Abstract: Deep neural networks for video action recognition frequently require 3D convolutional filters and often encounter overfitting due to a larger number of parameters. In this paper, we propose Random Mean Scaling (RMS), a simple and effective regularization method, to relieve the overfitting problem in 3D residual networks. The key idea of RMS is to randomly vary the magnitude of low-frequency components of the feature to regularize the model. The low-frequency component can be derived by a spatio-temporal mean on the local patch of a feature. We present that selective regularization on this locally smoothed feature makes a model handle the low-frequency and high-frequency component distinctively, resulting in performance improvement. RMS can enhance a model with little additional computation only during training, similar to other regularization methods. RMS also can be incorporated into typical training process without any bells and whistles. Experimental results show the improvement in generalization performance on a popular action recognition datasets demonstrating the effectiveness of RMS as a regularization technique, compared to other state-of-the-art regularization methods. |
16,544 | Please write an abstract with title: Achieving Energy Efficient Household Equipment Through Application of Induction Hobs, and key words: Home appliances, Energy consumption, Buildings, Energy measurement, Cast iron, Energy efficiency, Informatics. Abstract: Energy efficient buildings combine new technologies used in construction with energy efficient equipment. Globally, the idea is to propose measures to achieve one of the biggest goals - buildings with zero energy consumption. If the measures are unilateral, the end result will be minimal. And while rules, standards and clear requirements have already been introduced in the construction of buildings, in the field of equipment used in households the methodologies are constantly evolving and supplemented. Replacing household appliances with new ones or with ones of improved performance is one of the measures that needs to be developed. This is also the subject of research in this publication. |
16,545 | Please write an abstract with title: Understanding FLOSS through community publications: Strategies for Grey Literature Review, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Linux, Companies, Software, Complexity theory, Kernel, Software engineering. Abstract: Over the last decades, the Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) phenomenon has been a topic of study and a source of real-life artifacts for software engineering research. A FLOSS project usually has a community around its project, organically producing informative resources to describe how, when, and why a particular change occurred in the source code or the development flow. Therefore, when studying this kind of project, collecting and analyzing texts and artifacts can promote a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon and the variety of organizational settings. However, despite the importance of examining Grey Literature (GL), such as technical reports, white papers, magazines, and blog posts for studying FLOSS projects, the GL Review is still an emerging technique in software engineering studies, lacking a well-established investigative methodology. To mitigate this gap, we present and discuss challenges and adaptations for the planning and execution of GL reviews in the FLOSS scenario. We provide a set of guidelines and lessons learned for further research, using, as an example, a review we are conducting on the Linux kernel development model. |
16,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Modulation and Coding Schemes for Variable-Rate Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum, and key words: Spectral efficiency, Bit error rate, Modulation, Forward error correction, Parity check codes, Energy efficiency, Hardware. Abstract: This paper investigates coding and modulation schemes for wireless communication based on variable-rate parallel sequence spread spectrum (PSSS). PSSS can adapt the spreading gain according to channel conditions. When this modulation technique is combined with external forward error correction (FEC), a challenge arises in adjusting the gains from FEC and PSSS to achieve the highest spectral and energy efficiency. We profile the bit error rate (BER) and energy efficiency as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for PSSS combined with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes implemented in 28 nm CMOS technology. This analysis reveals that the gain provided by PSSS should be used only in exceptional cases, whereas LDPC codes provide the gain at a lower spectral- penalty. Moreover, we simplify our system by reducing the number of LDPC code rates. As compared to IEEE 802.11n, we exclude the 2/3 and 3/4 FEC code rates from the hardware and compensate these modes by using the variable-rate PSSS. |
16,547 | Please write an abstract with title: An Electrically Small Top-Loaded Monocone Antenna With Wide Bandwidth, and key words: Inductance, Impedance matching, Loading, Bandwidth, Reflector antennas, Frequency response, Pins. Abstract: An electrically small top-loaded mono-cone antenna with wide bandwidth is proposed. By employing the mono-cone with top-hat, slot, shorting pins, cylinder, and sub-cylinder elements, the wide bandwidth is achieved. By connecting the shorting pins from the mono-cone top-hat to the ground plane, the antenna bandwidth at the low frequency limit is expanded. By employing the cylinder elements, the impedance matching at the mid and high frequency bands is improved. Furthermore, the sub-cylinder elements expand the antenna bandwidth at the high frequency limit. The -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of the proposed antenna is ranging from 0.52 GHz to 2.12 GHz. |
16,548 | Please write an abstract with title: Gain enhancement methods for printed circuit antennas through multiple superstrates, and key words: Printed circuits, Directive antennas, Principal component analysis, Transmission line theory, Distributed parameter circuits, Resonance, Nonuniform electric fields, Voltage, Transmission line antennas, Permittivity. Abstract: Reciprocity and a transmission line model are used to determine the radiation properties of printed circuit antennas (PCA's) in a multilayered material configuration. It is demonstrated that extremely high directive gain may result at any scan angle, with practical materials, if the thickness of the substrate and multiple superstrate layers is chosen properly. This model is also used to analyze the radiation characteristics of printed circuit antennas in inhomogeneous substrates. |
16,549 | Please write an abstract with title: Supporting students in making informed data sharing decisions: from comprehension to consenting, and key words: Two dimensional displays, Conferences. Abstract: Whether deciding to participate in a study or gain access to online applications, research suggests that individuals often fail to understand the conditions they agree to when giving consent. Limited comprehension related to the risks of big data and habituation may contribute to consent being given in a manner that counters the best interests of individuals (i.e. a privacy paradox). Who is responsible for helping students learn to make informed decisions regarding the sharing of their data? We conducted a quasi-experimental study involving 127 undergraduate students. We explored the effects on study enrolment of supporting students in making informed data sharing decisions. Prior to reading the consent form for a study involving the evaluation of a collaborative learning application, one group of participants was primed to think about data sharing risks and evaluate their participation in terms of a harm-benefit decision whereas the other group was not. The primed group scored lower on a consent form comprehension quiz yet had higher enrolment rates and were more likely to cite trust as reasoning for enrolling in the study. |
16,550 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedback bounded control of oscillation for wave equation under a white-noise excitation, and key words: Partial differential equations, Nonlinear equations, Optimal control, Feedback control, White noise, Lagrangian functions, Force control, Control systems, Actuators, Stochastic systems. Abstract: An optimal bounded feedback control of oscillation problem for wave equation under a white noise random excitation is considered. The purpose of optimal problem is to minimize expected response energy at given time instant (Mayer problem) or integral of magnitude for response energy (Lagrange problem). The bounded control forces are placement at the fixed points (actuators) or distributed in the system. Using the decomposition method this problem can be reduced to the optimal problem for the system of infinite number stochastic differential equation. Taking into account only finite part of this system and using dynamic programming method for expected energy of the system leads to the Cauchy problem for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation in unbounded domain. The solution of this equation provides both optimal control low and values of the relevant function. The basic difficulty with this approach is searching the solution for multidimensional nonlinear PDE within an unbounded domain. Specially, an exact analytical solution has been obtained within a certain unbounded "outer" domain on the phase plane, which did not contain include switching line of the control. As a justification of this approach it is proved that correspondent "outer" solution is approximate solution for HJB equation in "outing" domain. The values of Bellman function H at the boundary of "outer" domain provide necessary boundary conditions for numerical solution within bounded (finite) "inner" domain, which is a complement of "outer" domain. The size of "outer" domain can be chosen such a way that the values of Bellman function and its corresponding derivatives will coincide at the boundary of "outer" and "inner" domain with the corresponding values obtained as a result of numerical solution within "inner" domain. The analytical "outer" solution together with the numerical "inner" solution complete "hybrid" solution for HJB equation, which make it possible to find out the optimal control low. As an example the control problems for beam and plate are considered. |
16,551 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Stream CNN for Spatial Resource Allocation: a Crop Management Application, and key words: Agriculture, Nitrogen, Computer architecture, Data models, Three-dimensional displays, Soil, Analytical models. Abstract: Modeling the spatial structure of crop inputs is of great importance for accurate yield prediction. It is a fundamental step towards optimizing the spatial allocation of resources such as seed and fertilizer. We propose two distinct architectures of Multi-Stream Convolutional Neural Network (MSCNN) - Late Fusion (LF) and Early Fusion (EF) - to model yield response to seed and nutrient management. A study presents a comparison between proposed models with conventional 2D and 3D CNN architectures, and existing agronomy methods. The dataset used to train and test the models is constructed using on-farm experiment data from nine cornfields across the US together with multispectral satellite images. Results show that the MSCNN-LF achieved a 20% reduction of the prediction's mean squared error value when compared to a 3D CNN, and a 26% reduction when compared to a 2D CNN. An optimization algorithm uses the MSCNN-LF model's gradient to change the manageable inputs variables in a way the expected profit is maximized subject to resource constraints. It is shown that an increase of up to 5.2% on expected crop yield return is obtained when compared to usual management practices. |
16,552 | Please write an abstract with title: The monocular ranging based on stable target detection and tracking for intelligent vehicle, and key words: Meters, Measurement errors, Target tracking, Measurement uncertainty, Object detection, Cameras, Distance measurement. Abstract: The ranging method based on the vehicle monocular camera has low accuracy of ranging results in dynamic detection. Since the detection frame will shake during target detection, the detection frame will be lost due to missed detection or occlusion. The monocular ranging algorithm based on the detection frame will cause errors. In this paper, a monocular ranging method is proposed, which is based on stable target detection and tracking. A trajectory management system is established to adjust the length and width of the detection frame according to 30 frames of historical data. For targets that disappear temporarily, keep track of information for a period of time. Ranging is based on the principle of camera imaging. The test results show that the optimized ranging method improves the ranging accuracy by 4% within a range of 30 meters. The average processing time of this method in NVIDIA Xavier agx is about 57ms, which can meet the requirements of real-time monocular ranging. |
16,553 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a High-Speed Wound-Field Synchronous Generator for the More Electric Aircraft, and key words: Permanent magnet machines, Power system measurements, Fault tolerance, Density measurement, Cooling, Fault tolerant systems, Synchronous generators. Abstract: Wound-field synchronous machines are widely used as generators in various applications. The main advantage over permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) consists in the possibility to control the field current, thus also achieving a good fault management capability. However, PMSMs can achieve higher power density and efficiency levels, making them attractive on board of aircraft. In fact, the surface-mounted PMSMs with sleeve are also pretty suited for high speed operation, whereas wound-field machines featuring salient poles are more challenging to be designed for such conditions.In this paper, the design of a high-speed wound-field synchronous generator is undertaken using a multi-disciplinary approach, aiming to achieve a relatively high fault tolerance and a power density value suitable for the "more electric aircraft" applications. The electromagnetic and thermal aspects are approached using common materials and cooling systems to minimize the costs, whereas the high speed operation requirement is addressed by a suited rotor retaining system. Simulation results based on FE analysis are reported to validate the proposed design. |
16,554 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of freeway self-driving traffic flow based on bidirectional GRU recurrent neural network, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Fluctuations, Costs, Urban areas, Bidirectional control, Logic gates, Traffic control. Abstract: This paper uses the Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit(BI-GRU) recurrent neural network, combined with the historical data of the high-speed toll station entrances and exits at different time nodes on weekdays, weekends and holidays, to predict the traffic flow of vehicles entering the province and reaching key tourist cities, and realize the expressway in Gansu Province. It can be seen from the experimental results that in a larger time and space range, BI-GRU has improved prediction accuracy compared with standard Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long short-term memory (LSTM), and its prediction ability for data with large fluctuations and peak data is more prominent. |
16,555 | Please write an abstract with title: Surrogate Modeling-Based Acceleration of Multi-Harmonic Near-Field Measurements, and key words: Microwave measurement, Accelerometers, Adaptation models, Measurement errors, Phase measurement, Fluctuations, Measurement uncertainty. Abstract: In this paper, a surrogate modeling-based acceleration technique for multi-harmonic phase-coherent electrooptic near-field measurements is presented. The implementation uses an adaptive sampling and modeling algorithm instead of the conventional raster scanning approach, which reduces the measurement time by a factor of 9, from 7 hours to 45 minutes, and the number of samples by a factor of 23, from 10556 to 464, while maintaining the average measurement error under 5%. The reduction in measurement time helps to preserve the accuracy of the multi-harmonic near-field measurements, asthe electro-optic measurement system response can drift over time, due to thermal fluctuations in the measurement environment. |
16,556 | Please write an abstract with title: A modified histogram approach for accurate self-characterization of analog-to-digital converters, and key words: Histograms, Analog-digital conversion, Circuit testing, Built-in self-test, Costs, Signal generators, Integrated circuit testing, Silicon, Production, Manufacturing. Abstract: A new approach for measuring the INL and DNL of an A/D converter that uses histogram information is introduced. Unlike most existing algorithms, this method does not require the generation of accurate input signals so offers potential for use in a Built-in Self-Test (BIST) environment. Multiple inputs are presented to the device under test and the histograms obtained at the output are analyzed to characterize both the device and the nonlinear input. Preliminary simulation results for a 10-bit flash ADC suggest this approach can measure INL to the 0.5LSB level with a low spectral purity input signal that is linear to less than the 4-bit level. |
16,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Critical consideration of applications of affective robots to mental therapy from psychological and sociological perspectives, and key words: Medical treatment, Psychology, Rehabilitation robotics, Robot sensing systems, Application software, Humanoid robots, Medical robotics, Sociology, Senior citizens, Information management. Abstract: This paper deals with the application of affective robots to the field of mental therapy, and critically considers problems of these applications by referring to work in psychology and sociology on the mental reaction of humans to computers, social situations on reception of computers, and emotion sensitivity in modern society. Based on these considerations, the paper focuses attention on applications of robots to animal assisted therapy and activity, and narrative therapy, and considers the problems of these applications. |
16,558 | Please write an abstract with title: Product Recommendation System for E-Commerce using Collaborative Filtering and Textual Clustering, and key words: Collaborative filtering, Collaboration, User experience, History, Business. Abstract: In the past decade internet usage has seen an exponential growth. This growth has given opportunity for other businesses which rely on it to grow and prosper too. One such avenue is E-commerce. E-commerce is growing rapidly and with increase in popularity of E-Commerce, Recommendation has become very important too. Recommendation means providing relevant suggestions to the user as per his/her interest and need. Recommendations to users can be given based on price, area of living, wish listed items, cart items, searched items and previous purchased items. Recommendation systems improve user experience, boost sales and enhance user's engagement. Our proposed recommendation system will recommend products both for new users and existing users. This recommendation system uses model based collaborative filtering and recommends products based on rating and previous purchase history of the old users. Also the new users will get recommendations of new products, trending products and products on sale. Existing users will get recommendations based on recently viewed products, complementary products, etc. Since we're setting up a new e-commerce website, initially there are no user ratings for different products, so in this case, recommendations are made based on the textual clustering analysis of product description. Model based Collaborative Filtering along with Textual Clustering will help us in improving accuracy and targeting all types of users. E Commerce is gaining popularity and the recommendation system with E Commerce is like an icing on the cake. |
16,559 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time video watermarking on programmable graphics hardware, and key words: Watermarking, Graphics, Hardware, Pixel, Real time systems, System testing, Law, Legal factors, Security, Surveillance. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a real-time video watermarking system on programmable graphics hardware. Real-time video watermarking is important to the use of digital video in legal proceedings, security surveillance, new reportage and commercial video transactions. The watermarking scheme implemented here is based on Wong's scheme for image watermarking, and is designed to detect and localize any change in the pixels of any frame of the incoming video stream. We implement this scheme for real-time operation on programmable graphics hardware. The graphics processing units (GPUs) found on many modern commodity-level graphics cards have the ability to execute application-defined sequences of instructions on not only geometric primitives, defined by vertices, but also on image or texture fragments mapped to rasterized geometric primitives. These fragment programs, also known as fragment or pixel shaders, execute in hardware and in parallel on the GPU for each fragment, or pixel, that is rendered, making the GPU well suited for image and video processing. We illustrate real-time performance, low perceptibility, and good bit-error rates and localization by way of a general testing framework that allows straightforward testing of any video watermarking system implemented on programmable graphics hardware. |
16,560 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of P2P (peer-to-peer) technology to marketing, and key words: Peer to peer computing, Web pages, Postal services, Network servers, Computer networks, Humans, Informatics, Companies, Data mining, Web server. Abstract: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are spreading, and their practical applications for the business scene are promising. However, the essence of P2P is missed by broad interpretations that do not make it a problem whether to use P2P technology. Incidentally, although marketing activity currently consists mainly of Web pages or mail, it is difficult to actively find latent customers from the company side, and it is not necessarily an effective marketing means for a small-scale company. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the application of P2P technology to marketing. First, the essence of P2P is correctly extracted by focusing on the state of the information that changes within a P2P network, and effective fields in business are clarified. Next, by paying attention to characteristics of P2P that have not yet been adequately developed in business, we have recognized that P2P marketing is promising from now on. We devise five models for applying P2P networks to the marketing field (P2P marketing), and clarify P2P's marketing features through comparisons with existing Internet marketing. Consequently, we reveal features not currently held by Web pages or mail. |
16,561 | Please write an abstract with title: 2nd Workshop on Digital Infrastructures for Scholarly Content Objects (DISCO’22), and key words: Publishing, Conferences, Semantics, Information retrieval, Libraries, Information systems. Abstract: The goal of the Digital Infrastructures for Scholarly Content Objects (DISCO) workshop is to raise awareness of quality issues, improved discovery, and re-use challenges in digital infrastructures for scholarly content, and to collect potential solutions among an audience of diverse expertise. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Information retrieval; • Applied computing → Digital libraries and archives; Publishing. |
16,562 | Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Prognosis of Chronic Kidney Disease, and key words: Support vector machines, Medical services, Machine learning, Information and communication technology, Performance analysis, Minerals, Decision trees. Abstract: In the human body, kidney clears the waste from the body and maintains vigorous balance between salt, water, and minerals in human body. The misbalancing between these leads to disturbance of normal functions of human body. Chronic kidney disease is a condition presenting the damage occurred in the normal functioning of kidneys. Early detection of chronic kidney disease helps significantly preventing severe kidney damage. The advancements in information and communication technologies certainly improves health care services for individuals and societies. In recent years, artificial intelligence and machine learning have provided potential solution for solving complex problem in variety of sectors including health care. The aim of this study is to predict the choric kidney disease from the dataset taken from the UCI repository. The dataset contains 400 instances with 25 attributes including class variable. Four state-of-the-art supervised machine learning classifiers, i.e., XGBoost, decision tree, support vector machine, and K-Neighrest Neighbor are implemented and performance is evaluated. The result shows that the XGBoost classifier outperforms with 99% value for accuracy, 100% value for precision, 97% for recall and 98% value for F1-score. The study gives a direction to develop an automated computer-assisted system for chronic kidney disease prediction and diagnosis. |
16,563 | Please write an abstract with title: Handwritten Chinese character recognition using kernel active handwriting model, and key words: Character recognition, Kernel, Pattern recognition, Principal component analysis, Discrete transforms, Shape, Genetic algorithms, Handwriting recognition, Markov processes, Viterbi algorithm. Abstract: This paper describes a kernel active handwriting model (K-AHM) and its application to handwritten Chinese character recognition. In the model, the kernel principal component analysis is applied to capture nonlinear variations caused by handwriting, and a fitness function on the basis of a chamfer distance transform is introduced to search for optimal shape parameters using genetic algorithms (GAs). The K-AHM is applied to handwritten Chinese character recognition, which converts the complex pattern recognition problem into recognizing a small set of primitive structures called radicals. By treating Chinese character composition as a discrete-time Markov process, character composition is carried out with the Viterbi algorithm. The proposed methodology has been successfully implemented in an experimental recognition system. |
16,564 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on Differential Aperture-Coupled Rectangular Laminated Resonator Antenna, and key words: Manganese, Apertures, Antenna theory, Substrates, Electric fields, Couplings, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: This letter studies differential aperture-coupled rectangular laminated resonator antenna (LRA) theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model is proposed to analyze the resonance and radiation characteristics of the differential aperture-coupled rectangular LRA based on mode matching method. Analytical expressions for the resonant frequencies, Q-factor, impedance bandwidth (BW), radiation fields, directivity, radiation efficiency and gain are first derived. For verification, three prototypes of rectangular LRA with different length-to-height ratios differentially fed by a coupling slot are simulated, fabricated, and measured. Acceptable agreements among the calculated, simulated, and measured results are achieved. The proposed theoretical model provides physical insight into the operating principle of aperture-coupled LRA, which can be applied to predict the performances of rectangular LRAs and to instruct the design of rectangular LRAs. |
16,565 | Please write an abstract with title: On-chip bus encoding for LC cross-talk reduction, and key words: Encoding, Integrated circuit interconnections, Delay effects, Frequency, Capacitance, Inductance, Wires, Switches, Crosstalk, Coupling circuits. Abstract: With the continuous shrinkage of device sizes, the global interconnect delay becomes a dominant factor of chip performance in deep-submicron technology. Furthermore, as the working frequency of integrated circuits increasing above GHz, the inductive crosstalk will also have very significant influence on the global interconnect delay. However, most existing works consider only RC effects (the worst-case switching pattern resulting from coupling capacitance), to develop their encoding schemes to reduce bus delay. In this paper, the authors proposed a flexible bus encoding method to reduce the LC coupling delay on on-chip bus with a user-given bus structure, the working frequency, and the delay constraint. Simulation results show that our encoding method can significantly reduce the coupling delay of a bus according to the delay constraint. |
16,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-vibration Active Control based on FXAPA algorithm, and key words: Vibrations, Heuristic algorithms, Adaptive filters, Filtering algorithms, Control systems, Mathematical models, Vibration control. Abstract: This paper proposed a filter-x affine projection (FXAPA) algorithm based on affine projection (APA) algorithm, by reusing delayed input signals to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm effectively. Considering the dynamics and drive characteristics of the vibration active control system, hysteresis model was established using Bouc-Wen model. Simulation of the three-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric micro-positioning platform and the simulation verification of the control method were realized. The simulation and experiment results verified that the proposed vibration control algorithm of this paper has good control effect in micro-vibration active control. |
16,567 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Actuator Dynamics of Dynamic Control Allocation for a Small Fixed-Wing UAV With Direct Lift Control, and key words: Actuators, Resource management, Vehicle dynamics, Dynamic scheduling, Aerodynamics, Elevators, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: A novel dynamic control allocation method is proposed for a small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), whose flaps can be actuated as fast as other control surfaces, offering an extra way of changing the lift directly. The actuator dynamics of this kind of UAVs, which may be sluggish comparing with the UAV dynamics, should also be considered in the control design. To this end, a hierarchical control allocation architecture is developed. A disturbance observer-based high-level tracking controller is first designed to accommodate the lagging effect of the actuators and to compensate the adverse effect of external disturbances. Then, a dynamic control allocator based on a receding-horizon performance index is developed, which forces the actuator state in the low level to follow the optimized reference. Compared with the conventional control allocation method that assumes ideal actuators with infinite bandwidths, higher tracking accuracy of the UAV and better energy efficiency can be achieved by the proposed method. Stability analysis and high-fidelity simulations both demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can be deployed on different fixed-wing UAVs with flaps to achieve better performance. |
16,568 | Please write an abstract with title: Abstract Cards, and key words: Microwave filters, Filtering theory, Dual band, Resonator filters, Topology, Microwave theory and techniques, Bandwidth. Abstract: Presents abstracts of papers included in the conference. |
16,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Data selection for detection of known signals: the restricted-length matched filter, and key words: Signal detection, Matched filters, Signal processing algorithms, Detectors, Signal to noise ratio, Equations, Gaussian noise, Heuristic algorithms, Space technology, Laboratories. Abstract: Data selection algorithms, in detection, search for a small subset of the available data that is sufficient for making an accurate decision. This paper considers data selection for detection of a known signal in colored Gaussian noise. In our model, the performance of the matched filter detector for a specific subset is parameterized by a quadratic form. Selection of the best subset leads to a combinatorial optimization problem using the quadratic form as the objective function. Simulations show that heuristic search algorithms often find good solutions for the selected subset. Additionally, if the noise has a banded covariance matrix, a dynamic programming algorithm finds the optimal solution for any subset size. |
16,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of crystal orientation relationship on inducement of anisotropy in HDDR-treated Nd-Fe-B alloys, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Neodymium, Powders, X-ray scattering, Heat treatment, Iron alloys, Hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Production. Abstract: Using anisotropic sintered bodies, the crystal orientation relationship between the parent Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B phase and the disproportionated mixture during the hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination (HDDR) treatment was investigated by using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It can be concluded that retaining the crystallographic orientation relationship such as <111>/sub /spl alpha/-Fe/ and <111>(NdH/sub 2/)//<001>(Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B), [110]/sub /spl alpha/-Fe/ and [110](NdH/sub 2/)//[100](Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B) during HDDR treatment is important for the inducement of anisotropy. |
16,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Simulation of Optimal Configuration of Virtual Power Plant Oriented to Power Internet of Things, and key words: Electrical engineering, Analytical models, Conferences, Focusing, Virtual power plants, Electric vehicles, Smart grids. Abstract: Based on metering equipment, smart grid equipment, and advanced communication systems, stablish a model for the optimal configuration of the relevant main bodies of the virtual power plant. Support the ubiquitous access of diverse emerging entities such as distributed energy, virtual power plants, electric vehicles, and interactive energy use, create an open and shared market environment. This article takes the virtual power plant as the starting point, focus on the analysis of the model and simulation of the coordinated operation of the virtual power plant, promote the construction of power Internet of Things. |
16,572 | Please write an abstract with title: New Bus Structure for Programmable Logic Devices Controlling Power Electronics, and key words: Programmable logic devices, Power electronics, Field programmable gate arrays, Programmable logic arrays, Control systems, Circuit testing, Design methodology, Computer architecture, Motor drives, System testing. Abstract: Development of PLDs (programmable logic device) like large FPGA (field programmable gate array) circuits allow those to be used as modern control platforms for power electronics. The increase of the computational power makes it possible to implement a whole control system inside one chip. This single chip solution needs efficient design methodology to be developed for system implementation. In this paper a new architecture for an FPGA circuit in power electronics control is presented. Motor drive system controlled by one million gate Virtex-II FPGA circuit is presented as a test case |
16,573 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automated System to Limit COVID-19 Using Facial Mask Detection in Smart City Network, and key words: Smart cities, Training, Faces, Machine learning, Testing, Cameras. Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel coronavirus is continuously spreading until now all over the world. The impact of COVID-19 has been fallen on almost all sectors of development. The healthcare system is going through a crisis. Many precautionary measures have been taken to reduce the spread of this disease where wearing a mask is one of them. In this paper, we propose a system that restrict the growth of COVID-19 by finding out people who are not wearing any facial mask in a smart city network where all the public places are monitored with Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras. While a person without a mask is detected, the corresponding authority is informed through the city network. A deep learning architecture is trained on a dataset that consists of images of people with and without masks collected from various sources. The trained architecture achieved 98.7% accuracy on distinguishing people with and without a facial mask for previously unseen test data. It is hoped that our study would be a useful tool to reduce the spread of this communicable disease for many countries in the world. |
16,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Diffusion of chromium into GaAs as a way to detector material making, and key words: Chromium, Gallium arsenide, Temperature dependence, Temperature distribution, Impurities, Conductivity, Doping, Radiation detectors, X-ray detection, X-ray detectors. Abstract: The diffusion of chromium that is deep impurity in GaAs has been investigated as a way to high-ohmic detector material making. The coefficient of diffusion and the limiting dissolubility of chromium have been estimated. |
16,575 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Precise Performance Measurements in Live Air Traffic Validation Exercises, and key words: air traffic management performance assessment, volatility, comparability, xStream. Abstract: Day-to-day air traffic is exposed to a large number of influencing factors, which are steadily changing and causing significant volatility. Examples would be the daily weather situation, charter flights, flight cancellations, changes in airspace configuration, or the temporary non-availability of supporting infrastructure such as navigation aids, runways, or taxiways. When conducting validation activities with live air traffic, as it is currently done in SESARs xStream project, this circumstance complicates meaningful performance measurements. Especially when the volatility of the air traffic under consideration is within the same magnitude than the expected benefit of the system under test, the positive effects may be invisible similar to a poor signal-to-noise ratio. In order to statistically determine a small effect, one must either evaluate a very large data basis or, if this is not possible, find and eliminate disturbances before the actual evaluation. Within the xStream project, a methodology has been developed to do this elimination in a reasonable and systematic way and filter out those datasets that, because of a totally different weather situation, traffic mix etc., make a meaningful baseline-solution comparison impossible. This is done by performing multiple systematic pair-wise comparability checks between dedicated reference and exercise data sets. Beside others, these checks cover local and area weather conditions, airspace and air traffic control service configurations as well as the current traffic constellation. Based on the methodology, algorithms were developed by the Institute of Flight Guidance of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Braunschweig and have been implemented in several in-house software modules, allowing the conduction of these checks in an almost fully automatic way. This software has then been tested with several different air traffic recordings from a European hub airport by calculating selected performance metrics. Obtained results were then compared with performance measurements without previous comparability checks. The results show that the developed methodology was able to compensate approximately 60% of the air traffic volatility of the used radar tracks when reducing the sample size to one quarter containing the best comparable datasets. This paper provides comprehensive information about the developed comparability checks itself and describes the observed effects, compared to unfiltered performance measurements. It closes with a discussion and an outlook with special regard to the upcoming application of this methodology in the xStream project. |
16,576 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Knowledge-aware Few-shot Learning with Ontology-based n-ball Concept Embeddings, and key words: Training, Measurement, Visualization, Neural networks, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Ontologies. Abstract: We propose a novel framework named ViOCE that integrates ontology-based background knowledge in the form of n-ball concept embeddings into a neural network based vision architecture. The approach consists of two main components: (1) converting symbolic knowledge of an ontology into continuous space by learning n-ball embeddings that capture properties of subsumption and disjointness, (2) guiding the training and inference of a vision model using the learnt embeddings. We propose techniques to measure the quality of n-ball embeddings and evaluate ViOCE using the task of few-shot image classification, where it demonstrates superior performance in two standard benchmarks. We further introduce a metric to use background knowledge to measure the degree of incorrect predictions. |
16,577 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a New Graphic Description Language for Line Drawings -- Assuming the Use of the Visually Impaired, and key words: Graphics, Electronic publishing, Codes, Shape, Optical character recognition, Machine learning, Information technology. Abstract: In recent years, the development of information technology has made it easier for visually impaired people to access language information by developing electronic books and OCR applications. However, graphics are still inaccessible to the visually impaired. Therefore, it is very difficult for the visually impaired to create graphics without help of sighted people. Conventional graphic description languages such as TikZ and SVG and so on are difficult for the visually impaired to write codes because they require numerical coordinates precisely when drawing basic shapes; hence calculating such numerical coordinates is quite difficult for blind users. To solve this problem, we are developing a graphic description language and a drawing assistance system that enables visually impaired people to create figures independently. Our language is based on an object-oriented design in order to reduce the difficulties on the visually impaired. In this paper, we describe our language and show the result of an experiment for evaluating the effectiveness of our language. |
16,578 | Please write an abstract with title: Probabilistic localization for mobile robots using incomplete maps, and key words: Mobile robots, Object detection, Testing, Lab-on-a-chip, Monte Carlo methods, Robot sensing systems, Robustness, Filters, Uncertainty, Computational geometry. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of global localization for mobile robots in changeable environments, i.e. to estimate self-position using a map that is partially or completely different from the environment. It is difficult to detect changes when both of the self-position and the map have large uncertainties. To solve the problem, in this paper, we extend Monte Carlo localization (MCL) and sensor resetting localization (SRL), so as to generate a number of hypotheses about the change as well as the self-position. As a result of tests in a number of environments as well as changes, we found the proposed method is effective even when "rate of changes (ROC)" is high in the environment. |
16,579 | Please write an abstract with title: A High-Speed FFT Processor, and key words: Frequency division multiplexing, Hardware, Large scale integration, Time division multiplexing, Baseband, Signal processing algorithms, Process design, Clocks, Pulse modulation, Discrete Fourier transforms. Abstract: A high-speed, low-power, fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor is described in this paper. The FFT processor is designed around parallel arithmetic functions (16 by 16 multiplier and 16-bit adders) and can operate up to a 17.0-MHz clock rate. It performs a 128-point FFT in 250 μs at 16-MHz clock rate and therefore can be used for applications such as frequency-division multiplexing/timedivision multiplexing (FDM/TDM) transmultiplexer. The processor was designed and tested according to the design specifications. Its standalone feature permits its use in a variety of systems employing spectral analysis. The high-speed requirements are met by a real-time address generation scheme. The design can be used for a higher order FFT by providing extra memory space. |
16,580 | Please write an abstract with title: Tunable Wave Isolators Based on Space-time Modulated Graphene Sheets, and key words: Graphene, Impedance, Harmonic analysis, Modulation, Surface impedance, Springs, Scattering. Abstract: In this talk, we propose a tunable metasurface isolator based on space-time (ST) modulated surface impedance. The surface impedance is synthesized by periodic graphene strips with spatiotemporal gating. General and rigorous analytical formulations are developed to calculate all the scattering harmonics for such modulated metasurfaces. We found that with the space modulation of the graphene impedance, the structure can excite evanescent modes that propagate asymmetrically in space. This spatial asymmetry results in strong nonreciprocal effect under time modulation: the device can reflect waves coming from one angle without frequency conversion, while for the oppositely tilted incidence, waves are fully transformed into evanescent fields and absorbed. We also show that the proposed wave isolator can be tuned and robustly operate in a wide frequency spectrum (5.5 ~ 12.1 THz) only by modifying the pumping functions. |
16,581 | Please write an abstract with title: Public opinion hot topic discovery based on improved bacterial foraging algorithm, and key words: Heating systems, Microorganisms, Correlation, Conferences, Clustering algorithms, Web pages, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: In order to find the hot topic from public opinion and solve the problem that the topic mining accuracy is not high enough, the topic is disturbed by unrelated links and the topic cannot be focused on a point, the swarm intelligence algorithm is applied to topic mining, and an improved bacterial foraging algorithm is proposed. The algorithm improves the chemotaxis, copy and migration operations in the original algorithm, which makes up for the shortcomings of the original algorithm, and greatly improves the accuracy and convergence. The correlation value of web page is taken as the measurement of web page heat, and the heat evaluation model is established. The improved bacterial foraging algorithm is used to cluster the web pages. The results of experiments and other algorithms show that the algorithm has better clustering effect. |
16,582 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Antenna Pattern on TOA Based 3D UAV Localization Using a Terrestrial Sensor Network, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Location awareness, Dipole antennas, Antenna measurements, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Antenna radiation patterns, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: In this article, we explore the fundamental limits of the 3-dimensional (3D) localization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in conjunction with the effects of 3D antenna radiation patterns. Although localization of UAVs has been studied to some extent in the literature, effects of antenna characteristics on 3D localization remains mostly unexplored. To study such effects, we consider a scenario where a fixed number of radio-frequency (RF) sensors equipped with single or multiple dipole antennas are placed at some known locations on the ground, and they derive the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements from the time-of-arrival (TOA) data collected for the UAV that is also equipped with a dipole antenna. We then use these measurements to estimate the 3D location of the UAV, and to derive the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) on the localization error for various orientations of the dipole antennas at the transmitter and the receiver. Namely, we consider vertical-vertical (VV), horizontal-horizontal (HH), and vertical-horizontal (VH) radiation patterns in a purely line-of-sight (LoS) environment and a mixed LoS/Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment. We show that the localization accuracy changes in a non-monotonic pattern with respect to the UAV altitude and identify the respective critical altitudes for each of the VV, VH and HH orientations. Subsequently, we propose a multi-antenna signal acquisition technique that mitigates the accuracy degradation due to the antenna pattern mismatches, and we derive the localization CRLB for the multi-antenna scenario. Our numerical results characterize achievable localization accuracy for various antenna configurations, UAV heights, and propagation conditions for representative UAV scenarios. |
16,583 | Please write an abstract with title: Limit Cycle of a Single-Neuron System and Its Circuitry Design, and key words: Circuit simulation, Mathematical analysis, Limit-cycles, Numerical simulation, Circuit synthesis, Computational intelligence. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the limit cycle of a single-neuron system and its circuit design. By transforming the system into Lienard-type and using Poincaré-Bendixson theorem as well as the symmetry of this systems, we obtain the existence conditions of limit cycle of the system. Then, by comparing the integral value of the differential of positive definite function along two assumed limit cycles, we prove that the system cannot produce two coexisting limit cycles, which means that the system has at most one limit cycle. In addition, we give the numerical simulation, and realize the circuit design of the single-neuron system by using Multisim. The waveform diagram and phase diagram of the numerical simulation and circuit simulation are obtained respectively. By comparing the results of numerical and circuit simulation, the effectiveness of our mathematical analysis and the feasibility of circuit design are better illustrated. |
16,584 | Please write an abstract with title: UMTS radio resource management by transport format assignment and selection, and key words: 3G mobile communication, Resource management, Quality of service, Access protocols, Multimedia systems, Media Access Protocol, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Emulation, Radio control. Abstract: The goal of universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS) is the delivery of multimedia services to the mobile user. Each type of service requires its specific quality of service (QoS) to satisfy the mobile user. The QoS requirements are supported by several protocol layers. The interaction between radio resource management (RRM), medium access control (MAC) scheduling and transport format (TF) selection is presented. To study the interaction and dependencies, a typical mobile user application mix is examined for performance analysis by simulation. A UMTS radio interface simulator (URIS) is used, based on an emulation of the standardized UMTS protocol stack extended by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). Simulation results of QoS parameters, such as delay and throughput, depict the performance of mobile applications over UMTS. |
16,585 | Please write an abstract with title: On the bandwidth efficiency of analog and digital RoF for mobile fronthaul transmission link, and key words: Bandwidth efficiency, analog RoF, digital RoF, mobile fronthaul. Abstract: Digital RoF (D-RoF) is commonly considered as bandwidth inefficient in mobile fronthaul systems. However, under the constraint of optical channel signal to noise ratio (SNR) and analogue signal distortion, D-RoF can be also equivalently bandwidth efficient compared with analog RoF (A-RoF). |
16,586 | Please write an abstract with title: Electron solvation dynamics in water and methanol studied by femtosecond spectroscopy in the mid-infrared, and key words: Electrons, Methanol, Spectroscopy, Ionization, Solvents, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Pulse measurements, Probes, Liquids, Metastasis. Abstract: This paper determines the relaxation dynamics of the already generated, long-lived solvated electrons in water, in a probing range in the mid-infrared spectra. Interesting details of the readjustment of the solvation layer are observed after excitation of the electrons by a 820 nm pulse (duration 80 fs) to the first excited level (a localized 2p-state). In addition, this novel probe absorption data in the range 2 - 5 /spl mu/m reveal a strong, but short-lived coupling of the electron to the OH- (OD-) stretching vibration of the solvent molecules. Our data suggest that an observed 240 fs relaxation time represents internal conversion to an intermediate state, interpreted as a ground state electron in a hot environment, similar to the "wet electron" observed in the photoionisation process. |
16,587 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiband 5G NR-over-Fiber System Using Analog Front Haul, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Bandwidth, Radio frequency, Optical fiber networks, Optical attenuators, Wireless communication, Optical fiber theory. Abstract: This paper reports the performance evaluation and realization of fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) multiband signals employing Analog Radio-over-Fiber based optical link as a front haul. The proposed 5G NR signals comprise of 3 GHz flexible waveforms and 23 GHz-400 MHz bandwidth. The EVM performance for the system meets the 3GPP Release 16. Furthermore, EVM performance for received optical power is evaluated up to 400 MHz bandwidth. Besides, we perform an evaluation for coexisting 5G and 4G systems with cleaner and lower EVM in limits for offset greater than 15 MHz. |
16,588 | Please write an abstract with title: Key technologies for 5G co-construction and shared base station data automatic configuration, and key words: Base stations, Privacy, Costs, Automation, 5G mobile communication, Wireless networks, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: 5G network consumes huge investment cost, including 5G network construction, 5G network operation and maintenance etc. Therefore, China Unicom and China Telecom take the initiative to jointly build the 5G network (wireless network sharing, independent construction mode of core network). Its aim is to reduce 5G overall investment cost, and rapidly realize the continuous and wide-area 5G service capability, as well as improve the network efficiency and asset operation efficiency. This paper focuses on the automatic data configuration model of 5G co-construction and shared base stations. By interacting with the core network and wireless network, this model can identify and match different 5G network modes such as SA and NSA (including dual-anchor scenarios and single-anchor scenarios). On this basis, the data required for automatic activation of the shared base stations is obtained from the wireless side and automatically configured on the core network side. This technology meets the practical needs of both sides for fast and efficient construction of 5G network. It can realize the automatic opening and fast on-line of co-construction and shared BS on the side of the core network. |
16,589 | Please write an abstract with title: "Digital Bombs" Neutralization Method, and key words: Algorithms, Grammar, Automata, Weapons, Analytical models, Malware, Performance analysis. Abstract: The article discusses new models and methods for timely identification and blocking of malicious code of critically important information infrastructure based on static and dynamic analysis of executable program codes. A two-stage method for detecting malicious code in the executable program codes (the so-called "digital bombs") is described. The first step of the method is to build the initial program model in the form of a control graph, the construction is carried out at the stage of static analysis of the program. The article discusses the purpose, features and construction criteria of an ordered control graph. The second step of the method is to embed control points in the program's executable code for organizing control of the possible behavior of the program using a specially designed recognition automaton - an automaton of dynamic control. Structural criteria for the completeness of the functional control of the subprogram are given. The practical implementation of the proposed models and methods was completed and presented in a special instrumental complex IRIDA. |
16,590 | Please write an abstract with title: Course Selection Optimization: Case study - Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, and key words: Computer science, Clustering algorithms, Forestry, Education, Machine learning algorithms, Classification algorithms, Machine learning. Abstract: Elective course selection at universities is a complex decision process which is subjective to each individual student’s personality and skill set. The aim of this research is to use machine learning techniques and expert knowledge to suggest optimal course selections by considering the student skills (profile of the student) and the profiles of the courses offered at the university. It takes into consideration the fact that if a student is performing well in a particular course, he/she can select another course of the same nature to improve the student’s results and give a solution to the daunting task of selecting elective courses. The K-Nearest Neighbour algorithm resulted in ten course clusters for the dataset and accordingly students were grouped using the highest average course cluster GPA. Application of the expert knowledge method resulted in course clusters which can be split into clusters as stipulated by the Faculty. The approach was validated for computer science courses offered at the Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, as a case study from 2005 to 2012. |
16,591 | Please write an abstract with title: Dependence on axial magnetic field of radiation from a high-power gas-filled backward wave oscillator, and key words: Magnetic fields, Magnetic field measurement, Power generation, Microwave oscillators, Cyclotrons, Absorption, Power measurement, Microwave measurements, Pressure measurement. Abstract: Microwave output power from a high-power helium-filled backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating at X band is measured as a function of the strength of guiding magnetic field B and helium gas pressure. Tenuous helium gas filling the slow wave structure is ionized by an injected electron beam with typical parameters of energy 100 keV and current 0.5 kA. The enhancement of output power from the present gas-filled BWO is less than those reported in some previous publications. Near B=0.8 T, we observe the minimum value of output that is judged to result from cyclotron absorption caused by resonant interaction of the fast electron cyclotron mode with the Cherenkov radiation. On both sides of the absorption, two peak outputs near B=0.5 and 1.0 T are measured. In the former case, the output is enhanced compared with vacuum case by the presence of helium gas with pressure of a few mtorr. In the latter case, on the other hand, the output monotonously decreases with the gas pressure. The output powers for the latter case are larger than those of the former case. Both cases are observed repeatedly for various experimental conditions. The physical reasons for the observed results are discussed. |
16,592 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Performance Analysis of MPTCP Path Management Algorithms: Fullmesh, PCDC, RBPM, SDC, and key words: Protocols, Heuristic algorithms, Linux, Throughput, Communications technology, Complexity theory, Performance analysis. Abstract: Path management (PM) is an important part of multi-path transport control protocol (MPTCP). Through the PM algorithm, the subflows participating in concurrent transmission can be dynamically added or deleted. There are four default MPTCP PM algorithms in Linux, and the most commonly used is Fullmesh. Meanwhile, with the deepening of research, many new PM algorithms have emerged. This paper compares and analyzes the performance of Fullmesh, path characteristic and data characteristic based PM (PCDC), receive buffer based PM (RBPM) and select-delete-change (SDC) algorithm in terms of throughput, completion time of small data streams and algorithm complexity. Experimental tests are based on the real environment NorNet test bed. The experimental results show that for the real network environment, PCDC and RBPM have better performance on the whole. In particular, PCDC has incomparable advantages over the other three algorithms for small data stream transmission. Considering the complexity of SDC algorithm, its performance is barely satisfactory. |
16,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Mimic The Raw Domain: Accelerating Action Recognition in the Compressed Domain, and key words: Task analysis, Three-dimensional displays, Data models, Optical computing, Adaptive optics, Optical imaging, Acceleration. Abstract: Video understanding usually requires expensive computation that prohibits its deployment, yet videos contain significant spatiotemporal redundancy that can be exploited. In particular, operating directly on the motion vectors and residuals in the compressed video domain can significantly accelerate the compute, by not using the raw videos which demand colossal storage capacity. Existing methods approach this task as a multiple modalities problem. In this paper we are approaching the task in a completely different way; we are looking at the data from the compressed stream as a one unit clip and propose that the residual frames can replace the original RGB frames from the raw domain. Furthermore, we are using teacher-student method to aid the network in the compressed domain to mimic the teacher network in the raw domain. We show experiments on three leading datasets (HMDB51, UCF1, and Kinetics) that approach state-of-the-art accuracy on raw video data by using compressed data. Our model MFCD-Net outperforms prior methods in the compressed domain and more importantly, our model has 11X fewer parameters and 3X fewer Flops, dramatically improving the efficiency of video recognition inference. This approach enables applying neural networks exclusively in the compressed domain without compromising accuracy while accelerating performance. |
16,594 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-Efficient Coordinated Beamforming in Multi-Pair MISO Networks With CDI and Eavesdroppers, and key words: Transmitters, Receivers, Array signal processing, Manganese, Approximation algorithms, MISO communication, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: This paper investigates the energy-efficient coordinated beamforming design for multi-pair multiple-input single-output (MISO) networks with passive eavesdroppers. To be practical, it is assumed that only channel distribution information (CDI) of the network is known by the transmitters/sources, and the dynamic energy consumption model (DECM) is employed. In order to achieve a green network design, an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem is formulated subjecting to the individual available power constraints, the rate outage probability constraints, and the information leakage probability constraints. To solve the formulated non-convex problem, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and first-order lower bound are applied to transform the problem, and then an efficient algorithm is proposed based on successive convex approximation (SCA) and Dinkelbach's approaches. The proposed algorithm is theoretically proved to converge to a stationary point of the considered problem. Further, a distributed version of the proposed algorithm is designed, with which each transmitter is able to optimize its own beamforming vector with local CDI. Moreover, the computational complexities and the signaling overheads of the two developed algorithms are analyzed and compared. Simulation results show that both algorithms achieve good EE performance, and the EE performance achieved by the distributed algorithm is very similar to that achieved by the centralized one. Additionally, it is shown that similar to the conventional scenarios without eavesdroppers, the achieved system EE also has a saturation point w.r.t. the available power of the transmitters, and by employing our proposed algorithms, the network security is significantly enhanced. |
16,595 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable for Cloud-native Transport SDN Controller Using GNPy and Machine Learning techniques for QoT estimation, and key words: Measurement, Machine learning algorithms, Estimation, Machine learning, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: This demo shows a cloud-native SDN controller that can estimate end-to-end QoT using both analytical (GNPy) and machine learning algorithms on WDM systems. This transport SDN controller is able to scale horizontally using custom metrics. |
16,596 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of aligned carbon nanofibers for interconnect via applications, and key words: Plasma measurements, Electric variables measurement, Plasma properties, Plasma temperature, Mechanical factors, Plasma applications, Plasma chemistry, Plasma transport processes, Chemicals, Temperature distribution. Abstract: Electrical properties of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are characterized with measurements over a broad temperature range (4-300 K). Temperature-dependent measurements of CNF via resistivity reveal a behavior resembling the mixture of graphite a-axis and c-axis transport mechanisms. For the first time, temperature-dependent characteristics of CNFs are measured and modeled based on previously developed models for electron conduction in graphite. Reliability measurements are performed to demonstrate the robust electrical and thermal properties of CNF vias for next-generation on-chip-interconnect designs. |
16,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Multi-objective Scheduling of Microservices in the Cloud, and key words: Cloud computing, Micromechanical devices, Mathematical model, Throughput, Schedules, Resource management, Processor scheduling. Abstract: For many applications, a microservices architecture promises better performance and flexibility compared to a conventional monolithic architecture. In spite of the advantages of a microservices architecture, deploying microservices poses various challenges for service developers and providers alike. One of these challenges is the efficient placement of microservices on the cluster nodes. Improper allocation of microservices can quickly waste resource capacities and cause low system throughput. In the last few years, new technologies in orchestration frameworks, such as the possibility of multiple schedulers for pods in Kubernetes, have improved scheduling solutions of microservices but using these technologies needs to involve both the service developer and the service provider in the behavior analysis of workloads. Using memory and CPU requests specified in the service manifest, we propose a general microservices scheduling mechanism that can operate efficiently in private clusters or enterprise clouds. We model the scheduling problem as a complex variant of the knapsack problem and solve it using a multi-objective optimization approach. Our experiments show that the proposed mechanism is highly scalable and simultaneously increases utilization of both memory and CPU, which in turn leads to better throughput when compared to the state-of-the-art. |
16,598 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial-temporal analysis of passive TCP measurements, and key words: Solid modeling, TCPIP, Analytical models, Algorithm design and analysis, Protocols, Probes, Telecommunication traffic, Electric variables measurement, Computer science, Testing. Abstract: In this paper we look at TCP data which was passively collected from an edge ISP, and analyze it to obtain some new results and deeper understanding of TCP loss process. The focus of our study is to identify the 'root cause' links, i.e., the links that are responsible for the majority of the losses or reorders found on the end-to-end TCP connection. We suggest a new root cause criterion and a cost-effective algorithm to identify the root cause links. The algorithm incorporates a new out-of-sequence packet classification technique which is interesting by itself. We test our algorithm on the collected and simulated data and analytically justify its correctness. The simulation results show that the algorithm has a 95% detection rate with 10% false detection rate. We also analyze TCP temporal loss process, and found that the burst loss size is geometrically distributed. We analyze the TCP time-out loss indication under the Bernoulli loss model, which is the simplest model that can cause a geometric distribution, and show that the behavior of the TCP loss process is not different than when tail drop is assumed. |
16,599 | Please write an abstract with title: Vector compaction for power estimation with grouping and consecutive sampling techniques, and key words: Sampling methods, Energy consumption, Circuit simulation, Compaction, Analytical models, Logic, Power generation, Power engineering and energy, Combinational circuits, Estimation error. Abstract: We propose a high efficiency and high accuracy power estimation method for CMOS combinational circuits with grouping and consecutive sampling techniques. We separate input pattern pairs into several groups according to their power characteristics. The consecutive sampling skill is applied to find a shorter subsequence from the original input sequence. Our experimental results demonstrate that the compaction ratios are 1,250(min) and 154(min) with power estimation errors of 3.31 %(avg) and 3.32%(avg) for two sampling strategies. |
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