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17,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical tracking performance of LLDPE-natural rubber blends by employing combination of leakage current level and rate of carbon track propagation, and key words: Rubber, Leakage current, Insulation life, Surface morphology, Surface contamination, Surface discharges, Organic materials, Testing, Degradation, Dielectrics and electrical insulation. Abstract: Electrical tracking develops from surface discharge activity associated with the flow of leakage current on insulator surface under wet and contaminated conditions. Arcs created from this surface discharge phenomenon burn the polymer insulator material and create carbonized tracks in the long run. This paper reports on electrical tracking performance through the observation of leakage current and carbon track development of blends of linear low-density polyethylene with natural rubber (LLDPE/NR) either filled with or without alumina trihydrate. An electrical tracking and erosion test using the inclined-plane tracking method is conducted to study the overall performance of surface tracking properties. The combined effect of leakage current level and carbon track propagation rate is used as a new technique for describing the level of electrical tracking performance based on the proposed normalized degradation index. Morphological analysis is also carried out to investigate the surface microstructure before and after the tracking test. The experimental results show that different material compositions affect the leakage current and carbon track development. In addition, the calculated normalized degradation index has shown some correlation with the degree of surface deterioration. |
17,201 | Please write an abstract with title: System in package "the rebirth of SIP", and key words: Space technology, Assembly, Silicon, Stacking, System-on-a-chip, Ceramics, Conducting materials, High performance computing, Chip scale packaging, Fabrication. Abstract: SIP, or system in package, is a fairly old concept that is enjoying rebirth in a new body, literally. On the scene over the years as a means to create a tightly coupled high performance system using bare chips attached in a single package, the new embodiment of SIP is targeting handheld computing and communication products which require space minimization. For SIP to be successful requires reaching toward new assembly technologies to enable die thinning and stacking. Stacking the multiple chips needed for the system helps to minimize x-y package dimensions, while thinning minimizes total height, especially when stacking many chips. This paper provides an overview of several SIP approaches, describes the required assembly technologies, the key silicon-package integration challenges, and how these are being brought together to enable increasing performance and function in ever decreasing space. |
17,202 | Please write an abstract with title: Monolithically integrated grating cavity tunable lasers, and key words: Tunable circuits and devices, Laser tuning, Semiconductor lasers, Dispersion, Optical tuning, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Etching, Optical diffraction, Diffraction gratings, Laser beams. Abstract: A novel grating cavity tunable laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is realized by monolithically integrating a semiconductor optical amplifier, a dispersive element, a phase-control section, and an etched diffraction grating in a single chip. Tuning operation is based on electrically controlled beam deflection provided by dispersive element and phase matching by phase-control section. With the electrical control, the wavelength tuning of 8.5 nm with a sidemode suppression ratio of about 35 dB has been successfully achieved. |
17,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault location method for 66KV transmission line based on fault region search, and key words: Power transmission lines, Error analysis, Power supplies, Smart cities, Fault location, Maintenance engineering, Search problems. Abstract: In order to solve the disadvantages of the traditional transmission line fault location method, such as high location error rate and long location output time, this paper proposes a 66KV transmission line fault location method based on fault region search. Traveling wave method is used to build mathematical model of 66KV transmission line and the model is used to determine the fault section and fault distance, when the fault distance is greater than the segment length, thinks that fault occurred in the downstream, at this time to need to divide the fault area, the fault location is determined by fault area search method, to complete the 66KV transmission line fault location. Experimental results show that the average error rate of transmission line fault location is 2%, and the average output time of positioning results is only 0.38s, the proposed method has higher positioning accuracy and better real-time positioning. |
17,204 | Please write an abstract with title: On the "high SNR" assumption in space-time codes designs, and key words: Space time codes, MIMO, Microwave communication, Rayleigh channels, Transmitting antennas, Information systems, Laboratories, Communications Society, Cultural differences, Samarium. Abstract: Space-time codes designs commonly rely on the assumption of a high SNR. In this communication, we investigate the impact of this assumption when the channel is correlated. Therefore, we discuss the impact of transmit and receive correlations on the performance of space-time codes as a function of the SNR and the diversity achieved by the codes on independent and identically distributed channels. Full diversity codes are shown not to interact with the channel at high SNRs while at realistic SNRs, interactions occur and affect the coding gain. For non-full diversity codes, interactions with the channel occur whatever the SNR. At realistic SNRs, every space-time code interacts with the channel. While it might be reasonable on independent and identically distributed channels, we show that on correlated channels, the 'high SNR' assumption is totally unrealistic and may lead to bad code designs. |
17,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Problems in design of GCRM based on multi-agent system, and key words: Multiagent systems, Roads, Supply chains, Control systems, Space technology, Educational institutions, Mechanical engineering, Human factors, Guidelines, Costs. Abstract: GCRM (Group Control of Road Machine) system is a new research field for use of multi-agent system (MAS). In order to design a well-defined and easily implemented system based on MAS, there are some problems in system design. In this paper, general issues and special issues about design of a multi-agent system are all concerned. In general issues, architectural problem, coordination and negotiation mechanism and communication mechanism are common components for any scheme of multi-agent system. In special issues, an agent-based supply chain is specially designed in the GCRM system according to the system needs. An agent design considering human factors is put forward. As a result, we investigate some design guidelines from this work. |
17,206 | Please write an abstract with title: The Acoustics of the “Teatro all’Antica“, Sabbioneta, Italy, and key words: Phase change materials, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Graphical models, Music, Europe, Acoustic measurements. Abstract: Music, sound, and architectural acoustics are internationally recognized as key elements of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Therefore, acoustic measurements should be encouraged to preserve the acoustic information concerning ancient theatres. The “Teatro all’Antica”, located in Sabbioneta, Italy, was the first example of a permanent, free-standing, purpose-built theatre in Europe. This paper describes the results of the acoustic measurements and the 3D Sound Characterisation performed in the theatre. In addition to the traditional methods, a cylindrical microphone array made it possible to obtain 3D multichannel Impulse Response, providing an excellent spatial resolution and the possibility of creating a visual map with detailed information about the spatial distribution of sound. |
17,207 | Please write an abstract with title: S-Band Latching Circulator with 10-Nanosecond Switching Speed, and key words: Switches, Driver circuits, Ferrites, Pulse amplifiers, Dielectrics, Polarization, Magnetic materials, Garnets, Temperature, Stability. Abstract: This paper discusses the development of an S-band latching circulator capable of being switched in 10 nanoseconds. The switch operates with good isolation and insertion loss characteristics and requires relatively low switching energy. |
17,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Parameters extraction and modeling for planar spiral inductor on Si-SiO/sub 2/ substrates by DDM for conformal modules, and key words: Parameter extraction, Spirals, Inductors, Distributed decision making, Q factor, Dielectric substrates, Conductors, Impedance, Strips, Transmission lines. Abstract: In this paper, the domain decomposition method (DDM) for conformal modules is used to get simple analytic expressions for parameters of planar spiral inductors on Si-SiO/sub 2/ substrates. The conductor and substrate losses are considered in the expressions. The quality factor of the spiral inductor is computed with a transmission-line mode and compared with previously published experimental results, showing that DDM model is accurate and efficient for modeling an on-chip spiral inductor on Si-SiO/sub 2/ substrates. |
17,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation Technique for Edge Computing Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Software algorithms, Quality of service, Software, Explosions, Resource management, Optimization, Edge computing. Abstract: The explosion of IoT technology poses new challenges for researchers in the concept of cloud computing, mainly in improving the distribution of services, which need to be provided with greater efficiency and less latency. Therefore, this work seeks to optimize the methodology of resource allocation in Edge Computing, seeking to improve the quality of service (QoS) to the user. For this, it was developed an algorithm for efficient resource allocation using grey wolves optimization technique, named as Resource Allocation Technique for Edge Computing (RATEC). The algorithm adopted the meta-heuristic technique to choose the best Edge when allocating the resources of user equipment (UE). In this work, it was considered that the UEs are composed of processing, storage, time and memory resources. The algorithm uses these resources to calculate the fitness of each Edge and decide which one to allocate, if available. The RATEC has been compared with two other policies and has managed to serve a number most significant of UEs, reducing the number of services refused and presenting a low number of blockages while searching for an Edge. |
17,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Applications of X-ray diffraction topography to the study of magnetic domains, and key words: X-ray diffraction, Magnetic domains, Lattices, Magnetic domain walls, X-ray imaging, Graphics, Focusing, Surface topography, Magnetostriction, Internal stresses. Abstract: X-ray diffraction topographic methods, namely, Lang's transmission topography, are briefly described. Besides different lattice defects, magnetic domains can be made visible by these methods. A number of experiments illustrating the main features of the contrast produced on domain walls are shown. The condition of visibility of 90° walls was found and interpreted on the basis of the magnetostrictive deformation of the crystal. Details of the contrast were explained using the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. Applications of X-ray topography to the study of magnetic domains are suggested, namely, the investigation of internal domain structures in nontransparent samples, the study of the fine structure of the walls inside the specimen, the examination of stress fields around domain walls, and the observation of domain interaction with other lattice defects. |
17,211 | Please write an abstract with title: An algebra for cross-experiment performance analysis, and key words: Algebra, Performance analysis, Analytical models, Data models, Arithmetic, Displays, Lifting equipment, Data visualization, Optimization, Hardware. Abstract: Performance tuning of parallel applications usually involves multiple experiments to compare the effects of different optimization strategies. This article describes an algebra that can be used to compare, integrate, and summarize performance data from multiple sources. The algebra consists of a data model to represent the data in a platform-independent fashion plus arithmetic operations to merge, subtract, and average the data from different experiments. A distinctive feature of this approach is its closure property, which allows processing and viewing all instances of the data model in the same way - regardless of whether they represent original or derived data - in addition to an arbitrary and easy composition of operations. |
17,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Human-machine model of decision makings for predictions, and key words: Motion pictures, Analytical models, Decision making, System of systems, Production, Oceans, Predictive models. Abstract: This paper presents a model to design, describe and analyze the human machine system of systems (SoS) for decision makings involving predictions, particularly about future. The hypernetwork model is used, which is suitable to describe and analyze systems consisting of humans and machines, because the model allows simultaneous representations of multiple viewpoints, dynamic hierarchical structure and variable boundaries. |
17,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Single User WiFi Structure from Motion in the Wild, and key words: Bundle adjustment, Visualization, Structure from motion, Crowdsensing, Pandemics, Pipelines, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel motion estimation algorithm using WiFi networks and IMU sensor data in large uncontrolled environments, dubbed “WiFi Structure-from-Motion” (WiFi SfM). Given smartphone sensor data through day-to-day activities from a single user over a month, our WiFi SfM algorithm estimates smartphone motion tra-jectories and the structure of the environment represented as a WiFi radio map. The approach 1) establishes frame-to-frame correspondences based on WiFi fingerprints while exploiting our repetitive behavior patterns; 2) aligns trajectories via bundle adjustment; and 3) trains a self-supervised neural network to extract further motion constraints. We have col-lected 235 hours of smartphone data, spanning 38 days of daily activities in a university campus. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach over the competing methods with qualitative evaluations of the estimated motions and quantitative evaluations of indoor localization accuracy based on the reconstructed WiFi radio map. The WiFi SfM technology will potentially allow digital mapping companies to build better radio maps automatically by asking users to share WiFi/IMU sensor data in their daily activities. |
17,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Intraspinal microstimulation generates functional movements after spinal-cord injury, and key words: Injuries, Cats, Spinal cord, Fatigue, Electrodes, Kinematics, Force measurement, Neuromuscular stimulation, Circuits, Recruitment. Abstract: Restoring locomotion after spinal-cord injury has been a difficult problem to solve with traditional functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems. Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is a novel approach to FES that takes advantage of spinal-cord locomotor circuits by stimulating in the spinal cord directly. Previous studies in spinal-cord intact cats showed near normal recruitment order, reduced fatigue, and functional, synergistic movements induced by stimulation through a few microwires implanted over a 3-cm region in the lumbosacral cord , . The present study sought to test the feasibility of ISMS for restoring locomotion after complete spinal-cord transection. In four adult male cats, the spinal cord was severed at T10, T11, or T12. Two to four weeks later, 30 wires (30 /spl mu/m, stainless steel) were implanted, under anesthesia, in both sides of the lumbosacral cord. The cats were then decerebrated. Stimulus pulses (40 - 50 Hz, 200 /spl mu/s, biphasic) with amplitudes ranging from 1 - 4x threshold (threshold = 32 /spl plusmn/19 /spl mu/A) were delivered through each unipolar electrode. Kinetics, kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained with the cats suspended over a stationary treadmill with embedded force platforms for the hindlimbs. Phasic, interleaved stimulation through electrodes generating flexor or extensor movements produced bilateral weight-bearing stepping of the hindlimbs with ample foot clearance during swing. Minimal changes in kinematics and little fatigue were seen during episodes of 40 consecutive steps. The results indicate that ISMS is a promising technique for restoring locomotion after injury. |
17,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Reducing Structured Query Language Injection Vulnerabilities Through Functional Programming Principles, and key words: web security, functional programming, injection vulnerabilities, software design. Abstract: Web application security breaches frequently involve exploiting structured query language (SQL) injection vulnerabilities introduced by weaknesses in the coding style. Software engineers commonly lack the expertise and experience in implementing the functional programming principles of immutability, using pure functions, and reducing side effects to prevent vulnerabilities in their code. This study explores the changes web application developers can implement following the functional programming principles of immutability, using pure functions, and reducing side effects to reduce the presence of SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. The solution presented in this study, design strategies, supports the nascent design theory that applying the functional programming principles of immutability, using pure functions, and reducing side effects can reduce the presence of SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. When applied to an intentionally vulnerable web application, the design strategies developed through this study demonstrated effectiveness in reducing SQL injection vulnerabilities from web applications. This study contributes to the practice of software development by giving web application developers a new way to secure their web Applications. |
17,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer recognition of plosive sounds using contextual information, and key words: Automatic speech recognition, Speech analysis, Speech recognition, Humans, Psychology, Computer vision, Detectors, Magnetooptic recording, Fuzzy systems, Stochastic processes. Abstract: The design of the plosive consonant recognition component of a speech understanding system is described. The recognition rules used incorporate information on coarticulatory and multiple cue effects. The rule combination and scoring system is a fuzzy model of the human speech perception and information integration mechanism. These rules can be also used in classical stochastic models or dynamic programming approaches to automatic speech recognition. |
17,217 | Please write an abstract with title: A Charge Pump Phase-Locked Loop with Fast Locking Mechanism for FPGA in 28nm CMOS Technology, and key words: Charge pumps, Time-frequency analysis, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Logic gates, Phase locked loops, Field programmable gate arrays, Standards. Abstract: Phase-locked loop has been widely applied in FPGA, which is used to provide high-quality clock. In this paper, a charge pump phase-locked loop with a new fast locking mechanism embedded in Field Programmable Gate Array is proposed. Based on the traditional structure of PLL, some new modules are added to reduce the locking time, involving a VCO frequency detection module, a pre-charge module and a configurable filter. The simulation results show that this structure can effectively reduce the locking time of the PLL. |
17,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulating Improved Antenna Performance using Measured Data of Electrically Thin Antennas, and key words: Antenna measurements, Reflection coefficient, Reflector antennas, Broadband antennas, Hybrid power systems, Gain measurement. Abstract: This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the measured performance of a pair of low-profile antennas. One antenna is linearly polarized with two radiating elements while the second antenna and is circularly polarized having four radiating elements. The linearly polarized antenna is fed in a balanced configuration using a 180-degree hybrid splitter. The circularly polarized antenna uses a 90-degree hybrid splitter cascaded into two 180-degree hybrid splitters to achieve orthogonal fields in phase quadrature. The ports of the antennas are coaxial inputs and connect to the hybrids using coaxial cables. Each antenna has been fully characterized in terms of S-parameters at their input ports, after the hybrid splitters, in an effort to determine the power reflected back into the dummy loads of the hybrids. Active reflection coefficients are determined from measured data. Accordingly, an adjustment to the radiation efficiency is obtained knowing both the insertion loss of the hybrids as well as the percentage of power absorbed into the dummy port of the hybrids. The dependence of the active reflection coefficient in terms of the mutual coupling between elements is quantified giving insight into possible improvements for the antennas. |
17,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Coverage in Terahertz Cellular Networks with Imperfect Beam Alignment, and key words: Geometry, Cellular networks, Base stations, Conferences, Interference, Market research, Global communication. Abstract: We develop a novel stochastic geometry framework to quantify the SINR coverage probability of a Terahertz (THz) cellular network. THz frequencies will require highly directional beams, leading to inevitably imperfect beam alignment. We derive a tractable and accurate semi-closed form lower bound for the coverage probability of a typical user in the network, introducing a novel approach of characterizing non line-of-sight (NLOS) links as equivalent LoS links using a non-homogeneous Poisson Point Process. We use the coverage bound to investigate the SINR scaling trends with base station density and array directivity at the base station and user. Dense base station deployments are required to achieve sufficient coverage and our analysis exposes a tradeoff between directivity (array gain) and loss in SINR due to misalignment. |
17,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-compact preconditioned superprism-based photonic crystal demultiplexers, and key words: Photonic crystals, Optical beams, Demultiplexing, Personal communication networks, Diffraction, Spectroscopy, Wavelength division multiplexing, Periodic structures, Optical propagation, Computational modeling. Abstract: A preconditioned demultiplexing device is proposed. It based on modifying the behavior of beam during propagation inside the photonic crystal (PC) region. With proper design, the optical beams corresponding to different wavelength channels are spatially separated at their focal plane. Therefore, less area is occupied by each channel, and the total area of the device is considerably reduced. Also, the requirement for divergence angle of the incident beam is less restrictive compared to the conventional superprism-based PC demultiplexers. |
17,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Decentralized Collaborative Filtering Algorithms Based on Complex Network Modeling and Degree Centrality, and key words: Prediction algorithms, Recommender systems, Mathematical model, Complex networks, Collaboration, Predictive models. Abstract: Given that everyone online is saturated with information, the theoretical significance of recommendation algorithms is evident in the fact that users need help finding products and content they care about. Collaborative filtering predicts a user's rating on an item by finding similar users that rated the item or similar items that were rated by the user, and using the selected similar neighbors to “collaboratively filter” the recommendation. In the process, selected neighbors are considered equally important despite their differences in popularity. Here, we explore a method of modeling recommender systems as networks that can be constructed by considering items as nodes and similarity between them as links. Our research shows that item centrality has a negative impact on the accuracy of rating predictions, which needs to be considered for better algorithm performance. Experiments show that collaborative filtering algorithms can be decentralized by our method and provide a better accuracy of rating prediction. Furthermore, the relationship between the prediction target and its neighbors can be further evaluated based on both their similarity and their centrality. |
17,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Implications of clinical variability on computer-aided lung auscultation classification, and key words: Uncertainty, Machine learning algorithms, Limiting, Lung, Stethoscope, Medical services, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Thanks to recent advances in digital stethoscopes and rapid adoption of deep learning techniques, there has been tremendous progress in the field of Computerized Auscultation Analysis (CAA). Despite these promising leaps, the deploy-ment of these technologies in real-world applications remains limited due to inherent challenges with properly interpreting clinical data, particularly auscultations. One of the limiting factors is the inherent ambiguity that comes with variability in clinical opinion, even from highly trained experts. The lack of unanimity in expert opinions is often ignored in developing machine learning techniques to automatically screen normal from abnormal lung signals, with most algorithms being developed and tested on highly curated datasets. To better understand the potential pitfalls this selective analysis could cause in deployment, the current work explores the impact of clinical opinion variability on algorithms to detect adventitious patterns in lung sounds when trained on gold-standard data. The study shows that uncertainty in clinical opinion introduces far more variability and performance drop than dissidence in expert judgments. The study also explores the feasibility of automatically flagging auscultation signals based on their estimated uncertainty, thereby recommending further reassessment as well as improving computer-aided analysis. |
17,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm for quantitative assessment of cardiorespiratory synchronization and effectiveness of HRV biofeedback training: How to estimate a phenomenon of cardiorespiratory synchronization, and key words: Training, Fluctuations, Frequency-domain analysis, Software algorithms, Resonant frequency, Real-time systems, Software. Abstract: It is well-known that heart rate increases during inhalation and decreases during exhalation. This phenomenon is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Synchronization between heart rhythm and breathing maximizes when breathing at the so-called resonance frequency, which for most people is about 6 breaths per minute. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFB) training for self-regulation improvement is based on these mechanisms, but there is a lack of appropriate quantitative methods for the effectiveness of the impact. We propose a new approach for assessing cardiorespiratory synchronization, which allows us to characterize this state more objectively – cross-correlation coefficient calculation between heart rate and breathing curves. It could be used in real-time recording (essential in BFB training) and probably will be applicable in ultra-short-term epochs for emotional reactions assessment and in other rapid fluctuations of psychophysiological states, where the classic frequency domain method of HRV assessment is not applicable due to short epoch time. |
17,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of waterproof plugs in the cavern gas storage, and key words: Plugs, Water storage, Shafts, Temperature sensors, Delay estimation, Cybernetics, Acceleration, Tunneling, Steel, Sensor systems. Abstract: The main goal of the described project was to develop useful models of behaviour of waterproof plugs in the cavern gas storage. The models are intended for facility operators that compare the real behaviour of plugs with the models. The models are used as diagnostic models. The models provide the accelerated estimation of the future behaviour thus the next operator steps are based on this comparison. Such an approach is mainly used during the critical part of the facility operation as the charging and discharging of the storage. Neuro-fuzzy models have been built for diagnostic purposes. This approach was chosen considering following facts: (a) nonlinear models are required (b) models should be designed based on real data (c) results should be interpretable in order to know more about the behaviour of waterproof plugs. |
17,225 | Please write an abstract with title: A study of output power stability of GaN HEMTs on SiC substrates, and key words: Power generation, Gallium nitride, HEMTs, MODFETs, Silicon carbide, Thermal stresses, Radio frequency, Power amplifiers, Power system stability, III-V semiconductor materials. Abstract: Gallium Nitride (GaN) HEMTs are the focus of intense research and development due to their potential for the realization of power amplifiers (PAs) with high gain and record levels of power delivery. Much of the work in GaN HEMT development has been concentrated on performance improvement, and the demonstration of exceedingly higher power densities (>10W/mm). To demonstrate this performance, the device is typically subjected to bias levels greater than 40V, which result in large electric field stresses in the vicinity of the gate. Additionally, junction temperatures greater than 250/spl deg/C are predicted for the corresponding density of dissipated power. There is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the effect of these large electrical and thermal stresses on the aging and degradation of GaN devices. There has only been a limited number of reports on the stability of GaN devices over time under RF dirve. In the present paper, we investigate the stability of GaN/AlGaN HEMTs under RF and DC stress. We provide a first look at the behavior of the device output power, quiescent currents, and leakage currents as a function of time under variable RF and DC stress conditions. |
17,226 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Data Augmentation by Upper Confidence Bounds for Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Visualization, Automation, Image color analysis, Reinforcement learning, Control systems, Colored noise. Abstract: In visual reinforcement learning (RL), various approaches succeeded to improve data efficiency. However, the approaches fail to show generalization capabilities if different colors or backgrounds are applied to its environment. The lack of generalization capabilities can hinder the use of RL in real-world environment, which contains lot of distractions and noises. In this paper, a novel automatic data augmentation method that can improve generalization capabilities of an RL agent. In the experiments, the proposed method shows better generalization capabilities than other approaches. These results provide a simple automatic data augmentation method for RL that can improve generalization capabilities. |
17,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Preparation of combined enviromental sensors, and key words: Temperature sensors, Magnetic sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Humidity, Capacitive sensors, Thermal sensors, Gas detectors, Platinum, Polyimides, Sputtering. Abstract: Environmental sensors are developed and used for environmental assessment such as thermal and air environments. The specified items for the thermal environmental assessment are temperature, humidity, and air flowing rate and so on. And the items for air environmental assessment include all kinds of gas sensor. In this paper, platinum temperature sensor, polyimide capacitive humidity sensor and zirconia oxygen sensors are made by magnetic sputtering technology, spin-coating method and sinter technology respectively. And the structure of combined environmental sensors that include temperature sensor, humidity sensor and oxygen sensors tern has also been designed. All the sensors used in the combined environmental sensors have been characterized and discussed. |
17,228 | Please write an abstract with title: The Application of TOPSIS in the Selection of Statistical Prediction Model: A Forensic Ink Analysis Case Study, and key words: Predictive models, Ink, Data models, Error analysis, Data preprocessing, Mathematical model, Forensics. Abstract: Forensic ink analysis is aiming to determine source of an unknown ink entry found on a questioned document. A forgery indicator is established if the source of a questioned ink entry is different from the other ink entries on the same document. A statistical predictive model built from a chemical data of pen ink is useful in accomplishing the goal. Multiple statistical prediction model could be constructed from a chemical data after it was preprocessed via multiple data preprocessing techniques. Commonly, hypothesis test is employed to choose the best prediction model. However, when the number of models and model performance metric are overwhelming, this can be a laborious task. This work aims to explore the feasibility of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for selecting the best predictive model. A total of 40 models have been constructed using an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral data of blue gel pen inks via Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) technique. The ATR- FTIR spectral data was preprocessed using nine different data preprocessing techniques by considering the global and three different sub-spectral regions. The results showed that TOPSIS produced similar ranking model performances to that derived via conventional approach, i.e. univariate hypothesis test. The advantages of TOPSIS method in this context are no statistical assumptions compliance, e.g. normality; and numerical score presenting together with a rank allows inference of relative difference between the models. |
17,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordinated Participation of Electric Vehicles and Generating Units in Primary Frequency Control in the Presence of Renewables, and key words: Stability criteria, Power system stability, Optimization, Renewable energy sources, Power generation, Electric vehicles, Frequency control. Abstract: With the integration of renewables into the grid, the ability to perform primary frequency control (PFC) by the conventional generating units decreases in terms of frequency quality and stability. Also, the wear and tear of the generating units responsible for the PFC increases. In this article, a hierarchical PFC scheme is proposed that combines the coordinated actions of hydro-generation units and electric vehicles (EVs) such that the stability is maintained for large and small disturbances, while at the same time, frequency quality is improved and wear and tear of the generating units is reduced. The control parameters of the proposed scheme are tuned by solving the proposed optimization problem with proper objective functions and constraints that are representative of frequency stability and quality, wear and tear of the generating units, and comfort of EVs owners. The scheme is complemented by a new combination of frequency filters for EVs and generating units to more effectively reduce the effect of small frequency fluctuations on the wear and tear of generating units. Comparative simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed method in ameliorating the problems raised by the integration of renewables. |
17,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Underwater partial polarization signatures from the SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), and key words: Optical polarization, Hazards, Sea measurements, Real time systems, Layout, Underwater tracking, Testing, Data analysis, Navigation, Image sensors. Abstract: Research has shown that naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized component can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This image is known as the degree of linear polarization image or partial polarization image. These naturally occurring polarization signatures can provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle with more information to detect, classify and identify threats such as obstacles and/or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), recently developed under sponsorship of Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval research (Code 321OE), can measure underwater partial polarization imagery. This sensor is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. The testing of this vector has been completed and the data has been analyzed. This paper presents performance results from the field-testing and quantifies the gain provided by the partial polarization signature of targets in the very shallow water and surf zone regions. |
17,231 | Please write an abstract with title: A 50 MS/s 12-bit CMOS pipeline A/D converter with nonlinear background calibration, and key words: Pipelines, Calibration, Error correction, Transfer functions, Read only memory, Sampling methods, Estimation error, Hardware, Testing, Capacitance. Abstract: A new background calibration method, based on stage error pattern estimation, is presented. The method corrects both linear and nonlinear errors. The procedure converges in a few ms and requires minimal hardware without the need of high-capacity ROM or RAM. The calibration procedure is tested on a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS pipeline ADC, which suffered from a high degree of nonlinear errors. The calibration gives improvements of 18dB and 28dB for SNR and SFDR, respectively, at the sampling rate of 50MSample/s. The calibrated ADC achieves SNR of 70.9dB and SFDR of 82.0dB at 50MSample/s, which results in a resolution of about 12 bits. |
17,232 | Please write an abstract with title: Increasing the Effectiveness of Interface MW Limits for Maintaining Voltage Security, and key words: Low voltage, Sensitivity, Linear regression, Machine learning, Mathematical models, Generators, Power systems. Abstract: Interface MW limits are commonly used as surrogates for voltage constraints in DC power flow models. This work proposes a simple improvement to accepted practice so that the interface MW limits better represent actual voltage vulnerability. Weights are assigned to the individual lines in the interface so that the weighted interface MW flows have the same sensitivity to real power injections as the underlying voltage constraints. Calculation of the weights requires the solution of a small dimensional linear regression equation and is of slight computational burden. The weighted interface MW limit is demonstrated to be an accurate proxy for low voltage limits to inter-area transfers using the Nordic test system. |
17,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction of knowledge graph of hardware Trojan detection method, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Electrical engineering, Visualization, Analytical models, Internet security, Asia, Hardware. Abstract: In order to visually present all kinds of hardware Trojan horse detection methods and their relationship, a method is proposed to construct the knowledge graph of hardware Trojan horse detection technology. Firstly, the security-related knowledge of hardware Trojan horse is analyzed, then the entity recognition and relationship extraction are carried out by using BiLSTM-CRF model, and the construction of knowledge graph is completed. Finally, the knowledge is stored and displayed visually by using graph database neo4j. The combination of knowledge graph and hardware Trojan security field can summarize the existing detection technologies, provide a basis for the analysis of hardware Trojans, vigorously promote the energy Internet security construction, and steadily enhance the energy Internet active defense capability. |
17,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Trajectory prediction for Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Based on 3-D Flight Corridor, and key words: Earth, Automation, Robot kinematics, Prediction methods, Differential equations, Microcomputers, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: A real-time three-dimensional constrained trajectory prediction method for Hypersonic Glide Vehicle based on 3-D flight corridor is developed in this paper. The approach uses a 3-D profile which is constrained by the well-known Quasi-Equilibrium Glide Condition to predict the whole trajectory online. The trajectory prediction is done by solving a reduce-order systems of differential equations in the redefined coordinate frame using a semi-analytical algorithm. The earth rotation angular speed is regarded as a system deviation which is countervailed in the latter calculation. The effectiveness and the efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated by being compared with a high-precision numerical method. The algorithm is able to predict a whole trajectory in about 0.01 to 0.02 seconds on a personal computer. |
17,235 | Please write an abstract with title: SOI-optimized 64-bit high-speed CMOS adder design, and key words: Adders, Hybrid power systems, Signal generators, Silicon on insulator technology, Bismuth, CMOS logic circuits, Logic devices, Logic circuits, Noise robustness, Circuit noise. Abstract: Presents a high-speed 64-bit hybrid carry-lookahead/carry-select adder in 0.1 /spl mu/m partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PD/SOI) technology with a critical path delay of 346 ps. Sense-amplifier based differential logic with source follower evaluation tree is used for fast generation of 8-bit group carry. Floating body PD/SOI shows 24% performance improvement over bulk CMOS for the 8-bit group carry generating circuit. We also show that the proposed circuit is robust to noise induced by floating body effect in PD/SOI. |
17,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive direct torque control strategies of induction motor based on area voltage vectors table, and key words: Torque control, Induction motors, Stators, Sampling methods, Voltage control, Predictive control, Error correction, Robustness, Voltage measurement, Phase measurement. Abstract: In this paper, the torque ripples in low speed range of conventional direct torque control are discussed in detail, and a new vector selection table based on area voltage is proposed to control the torque and flux. In this case, two predictive control schemes of torque and flux are presented to reduce torque ripples and improve the steady and dynamic performance. Finally, simulations and experiment results are given to show the validity and the advantages of the proposed predictive schemes based on area voltage vector table. |
17,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Blocking and locking during rotational magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic thin films, and key words: Magnetization reversal, Transistors, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetostatic waves, Switches, Magnetic switching, Extraterrestrial measurements, Magnetic field measurement. Abstract: A model describing quasi-static partial rotation and dynamic noncoherent rotation is presented and shown to agree with experiment. It is shown that, with applied field rise times longer than 1 ns, the ripple can be expected to relax in equilibrium with the rotating means magnetization. Magnetostatic stray fields prevent blocking from strongly affecting the rotational process and permit a stable ripple configuration even beyond the critical astroid. At a defined applied field threshold the inhomogeneous portion of the effective field from uniaxial anisotropy and applied field overcomes the stabilizing effects of the magnetostatic stray fields in alternate half-wavelengths of the ripple causing the magnetization there to switch through a large angle. The predicted large angle switching of the magnetization in alternate half wavelengths of the ripple is in good agreement with experimentally observed bands or stripes of reversed and unreversed magnetization both during quasi-static reversals in inverted Permalloy films and during dynamic non-coherent rotation with applied field rise times longer than 1 ns in normal Permalloy films. The model presents a reasonable fit to the field dependence of the angle between the observed stripes and the uniaxial anisotropy axis. Magnitudes of the local anisotropy causing the ripple are obtained from the fit to the data and shown to agree with the values determined by transverse susceptibility measurements. |
17,238 | Please write an abstract with title: Regularized Intermediate Layers Attack: Adversarial Examples With High Transferability, and key words: Image recognition, Filtering, Perturbation methods, Conferences, Optimization methods, Convolutional neural networks, High frequency. Abstract: Although convolutional neural network (CNN) models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance, especially in many image classification and recognition tasks, the classification accuracy would significantly decreased in the adversarial image samples set by adding slight perturbations in the input images. Currently, many adversarial examples were designed for specific CNNs but they were not universal valid across different CNNs. In this paper, we proposed a new intermediate layer optimization method to ensure that the adversarial examples are effective across different CNN models. Given one image, the proposed algorithm can derive multiple adversarial examples from just one white-box adversarial example by analyzing its regularized features in the intermediate layers of the attacked CNN. The adversarial examples derived from the intermediate layers showed better transferability compared with the original white-box adversarial example. According to the experiments on multiple CNN models, our algorithm promotes the averaging transfer attacking success rate (ASR) by 10.5% and 4.81%, compared to the baseline white-box attacking methods and the recent intermediate layer based attacking method ILA respectively. |
17,239 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of a Four-Port PM Vernier Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and key words: Permanent magnet motors, Traction motors, Rotors, Stators, Torque, Couplings, Magnetic flux. Abstract: This paper proposes a Four-Port PM Vernier Motor (FP-PMVM) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The motor is equipped with two mechanical and two excitation ports. The mechanical ports are referred to as outer and inner rotors, and the excitation ports are referred to as outer and inner stators, combining two PM vernier motors in one, namely outer permanent magnet (OPM) and inner permanent magnet (IPM) vernier motors. The OPM vernier motor has an inner stator and an outer rotor, while the IPM vernier motor has an outer stator and inner rotor. The FP-PMVM rotors are designed with 20-poles, while the stator windings are designed with 4-poles concentrated modular tooth coils housed in 12 slots. In this paper, the two-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to analyse the electromagnetic parameters of the FP-PMVM. The FEA results evidenced that both OPM and IPM vernier motors exhibit satisfactory electromagnetic performance. The OPM vernier motor provides traction to the rear wheels, while the IMP vernier motor is connected to the internal combustion engine (ICE) through a belt-driven system. The IEC is providing traction to the front wheels. A single, robust and efficient electric motor is used in place of two separate electric motors, thus reducing the size and mitigating the complicated mechanical connection of the traction systems that requires a gearbox to couple two separate electric motors with the ICE. This advantage positions the FP-PMVM as a strong candidate in HEVs traction applications. |
17,240 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring a multi-resolution GPU programming model for Chapel, and key words: Graphics processing units, Programming, Kernel, Data transfer, Optimization, Conferences, Writing. Abstract: There is a growing need to support accelerators, especially GPU accelerators, since they are a common source of performance improvement in HPC clusters. As for GPU programming with Chapel, typically programmers first start with writing forall loops and run these loops on CPUs as a proof-of-concept. If the resulting CPU performance is not sufficient for their needs, their next step could be to try the automatic compiler-based GPU code generation techniques [1], [2]. For portions that remain as performance bottlenecks, even after automatic compilation approaches, the next step is to consider writing GPU kernels using CUDA/HIP/OpenCL and invoking these kernels from the Chapel program using the GPUIterator [3], [4] and Chapel's C interoperability feature. |
17,241 | Please write an abstract with title: A Testbed for Energy Pilferage Simulation for Medium- And Low-Voltage Electricity Distribution Networks, and key words: Electricity pilferage, testbed simulation, theft localization, theft detection algorithms, metering data, linear regression. Abstract: Electricity pilferage has been a common concern among distribution utilities. Due to limited amount of metering data containing energy theft, development of better algorithms for theft localization and detection is hindered. The project built a simulation testbed that can produce synthetic theft data. Different methods of energy pilferage were modeled for a low-voltage and a medium-voltage network. The power and voltage measurements from the simulation were used to verify existing theft detection algorithms for each network. For the first algorithm, anomaly coefficients for each customer were determined using linear regression and the results show that the algorithm was able to detect a dishonest customer with theft load equal to a fraction of its total load. Incorporation of line losses in the low-voltage network resulted to having a slight discrepancy from the expected value of anomaly coefficients. Two voltage estimation algorithms were used in the medium-voltage network to detect theft. The algorithms were able to detect the pilferage; however, the accuracy depends on the distance of the customer from the check meter. |
17,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Bayesian Long Short-Term Memory Model for Fault Early Warning of Nuclear Power Turbine, and key words: Predictive models, Power generation, Neural networks, Wavelet packets, Fault diagnosis, Bayes methods. Abstract: Fault early warning of equipment in nuclear power plant can effectively reduce unplanned forced shutdown and avoid significant safety accidents. This paper presents a Bayesian Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network method for fault early warning method of nuclear power turbine. The Long Short-Term Memory neural network prediction model is developed to address data uncertainty while taking into account complicated situation of the equipment operation. Quantitative reliability validation method is established based on Bayesian inference. A wavelet packet multi-scale time-frequency analysis is employed for data denoising. A Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) method combined with key factor analysis is proposed for dimension reduction and dealing with the data uncertainty. The principal component inverse search method is developed to identify the critical factors mainly contributing to the turbine fault. Numerical results indicate that the proposed novel model is validated with Bayesian confidence of 92% by using the real-world steam turbine data and the model can provide accurate warning in the early creep stage of the fault. |
17,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Thin Si channel Back Enhanced (BE) SOI pMOSFET Photodetector under different bias conditions, and key words: BE SOI pMOSFET, reconfigurable devices, light sensor. Abstract: This paper explores the light sensitivity of the new Back Enhanced (BE) SOI MOSFET. This new device has a reconfigurable operation (can work both like p- and n-type transistors depending on the back gate bias) and an extremely simple fabrication process, without any intentional doping steps and a planar structure. Two different bias conditions to detect light will be compared aiming a higher difference of drain current (sensitivity). The first one is based on better conduction due to the optical generation and the other thanks to the threshold voltage variation. Experimental analysis were performed and the results were compared for different bias conditions. |
17,244 | Please write an abstract with title: An area estimation methodology for FPGA based designs at systemc-level, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Space exploration, Data mining, Permission, Electronic design automation and methodology, Parameter estimation, Automatic logic units, Logic design, Space technology, Table lookup. Abstract: This paper presents a parametric area estimation methodology at SystemC level for FPGA-based designs. The approach is conceived to reduce the effoit to adapt the area estimators to the evolutions of the EDA design environments. It consists in identifying the subset of measures that can be derived form the system level description and that are also relevant at VHDL-RT level. Estimators' parameters are then automatically derived from a set of benchmarks. |
17,245 | Please write an abstract with title: A Tutorial on 5G NR V2X Communications, and key words: Vehicle-to-everything, 5G mobile communication, Standards, Long Term Evolution, 3GPP, Uplink, Tutorials. Abstract: The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently published its Release 16 that includes the first Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) standard based on the 5G New Radio (NR) air interface. 5G NR V2X introduces advanced functionalities on top of the 5G NR air interface to support connected and automated driving use cases with stringent requirements. This article presents an in-depth tutorial of the 3GPP Release 16 5G NR V2X standard for V2X communications, with a particular focus on the sidelink, since it is the most significant part of 5G NR V2X. The main part of the paper is an in-depth treatment of the key aspects of 5G NR V2X: the physical layer, the resource allocation, the quality of service management, the enhancements introduced to the Uu interface and the mobility management for V2N (Vehicle to Network) communications, as well as the co-existence mechanisms between 5G NR V2X and LTE V2X. We also review the use cases, the system architecture, and describe the evaluation methodology and simulation assumptions for 5G NR V2X. Finally, we provide an outlook on possible 5G NR V2X enhancements, including those identified within Release 17. |
17,246 | Please write an abstract with title: 1573-2021 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Electronic Power Subsystems: Parameters, Interfaces, Elements, and Performance - Redline, and key words: IEEE Standards, Power systems, Power electronics, Voltage control. Abstract: A technical basis for implementation of electronic power subsystems is provided in this recommended practice. It is intended for electronic systems engineers and integrators, electronic power subsystem designers and integrators, as well as for power element manufacturers and suppliers. System-level issues in element or subsystem integration, adaptation, and accommodation are addressed, and system interface parameters, test methods, and test conditions are defined. Ac-dc, dc-ac, and dc-dc electronic power subsystems are discussed. The range of electronic power subsystems includes those with dc, single-phase, and three-phase inputs, having power levels from a fraction of a watt up to 20 kW. The voltage range is 600 V and below at a frequency or frequencies of dc 1 kHz. Internal operating frequencies within elements or subsystems may be much higher than 1 kHz. This recommended practice may be used outside the range where applicable. IEEE Std 1515-2000 is built on and supplemented in this document. |
17,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Status of Beam Diagnostic Systems for the PEFP, and key words: Structural beams, Electrodes, Protons, Particle beams, Monitoring, Linear accelerators, Electronic equipment testing, Current transformers, Design engineering, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: A proton linear accelerator is currently the construction at the KAERI (Korea Atomic Research Institute) to the PEFP (Proton Engineering Frontier Project) in Korea. We are accomplished the technique development of beam diagnostic system to be currently the construction. We treat beam diagnostics for the high power proton linear accelerator. Prototype beam position & phase monitor (BPPM) electronics was made and tested successfully in one of the beam diagnostic systems. The beam position monitor pickup electrode is a capacitive type (electrostatic type) which has a button form. Button form electrode, in common use around electron synchrotrons and storage rings, are a variant of the electrode with small button form (e.g., sub mm diameter). However, we are designed button form electrode to measure beam position of proton beam. The BCM (Beam Current Monitor) is developed Tuned CT (Current Transformer) for collaborate with Bergoz Instruments. This paper describes the status of beam diagnostic systems for the PEFP. |
17,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiments with deceptive software responses to buffer-overflow attacks, and key words: Portals, Operating systems, Protection, Web sites, Access control, Java, Delay effects, Information systems, Buffer overflow, Intrusion detection. Abstract: Modern intrusion detection systems have become good at identifying many kinds of malicious users on computer systems. Systems could use deception to fool the attacker about the results of their actions so that the attacker would waste time on fruitless endeavors. Deceptive software could also provide autonomous protective software responses to identified intrusions for a "second line of defense" when access controls have been subverted or destroyed. We examined three methods of responding to a malicious attempt to overflow the input buffer. All were done by modifying an image-browser Web portal (interface program) that was implemented with the Java "servlet" package. |
17,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide dynamic range imaging system using three-stage terahertz parametric detector, and key words: Sensitivity, Imaging, Detectors, Dynamic range, Attenuation, Generators. Abstract: A wide dynamic range terahertz imaging system was developed using an injection-seeded terahertz parametric generator (is-TPG) and three-stage terahertz parametric detector. We achieved single-frequency imaging of samples with -93 dB attenuation, as well as spectroscopic imaging of reagents through thick shielding. |
17,250 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Rx/Tx Phased Array Antenna With a Spiral Lattice for Sidelobe Level Reduction, and key words: Phased arrays, Geometry, Spirals, Meetings, Lattices, Dual band, Aperture antennas. Abstract: A hybrid antenna array in a compact shared aperture for Rx and Tx is presented in this paper. Each antenna is a dual-band, polarisation reconfigurable, circularly polarised radiator. It consists of two concentric elements, a slotted circular patch nested in an annular ring. The inner element operates in the Tx band (30 GHz) and the outer element operates in the Rx band (20 GHz). Both the elements are excited with two orthogonal feeds in phase quadrature which generates a reconfigurable, circularly polarised axial beam. The Tx and Rx beams have a directivity of 6.6 dBi and 6.4 dBi respectively. Further, an array scanning performance of such elements in triangular and spiral geometry is compared and investigated for sidelobe level reduction. |
17,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Selection Methods in the Framework of mRMR, and key words: Redundancy, Correlation, Feature extraction, Correlation coefficient, Mutual information, Classification algorithms, Microwave integrated circuits. Abstract: Feature selection (FS) plays an important role in machine learning. FS under minimum redundancy maximum relevance framework based on mutual information behaved well according to existing researched. This paper focus on the validity of the Min-Redundancy Max-Relevance (mRMR) framework with some traditional correlative criteria, such as Spearman coefficient, distance correlation (dCor), and maximal information coefficient (MIC), etc. Experimental results show that mRMR can bring encouraging feature selection result compared with the traditional K-BEST feature selection method, no matter which criterion is adopted and the classification accuracy of these criteria is improved under the mRMR framework. |
17,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Automated Design of LSI for Large Computers, and key words: Large scale integration, Logic arrays, Production systems, Logic design, Silicon, Design automation, Integrated circuit interconnections, Permission, Design engineering, Logic circuits. Abstract: The design of large computers using LSI techniques requires relatively large numbers of different designs in relatively small quantities. The paper describes a system of designing integrated circuits rapidly and reliably in this environment using the Uncommitted Logic Array (Master Slice) approach. An integrated design, validation and production system has been developed from logical input to pattern generator tape production which takes away the need for knowledge of Silicon Layout techniques from the integrated circuit designer |
17,253 | Please write an abstract with title: A comparison of supervisory control algorithms for tool/process disturbance tracking, and key words: Supervisory control, Signal processing algorithms, Integrated circuit modeling, Least squares methods, Lithography, Filtering algorithms, Instruments, Electrical equipment industry, Profitability, Conductors. Abstract: The performance of four supervisory algorithms: segregated exponentially weighted moving average, exponentially weighted moving average, adaptive exponentially weighted moving average, and recursive least squares, are compared in Monte-Carlo simulation of an example system dataset, as well as on real industrial data from a photolithography process. Advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms are compared with specific focus on practical issues of interest to the user. |
17,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Fault Recovery and Network Reconstruction Method for Cyber-physical-systems Based on Double Layer Optimization, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Power supplies, Physical layer, Distribution networks, Mathematical models, Computational modeling, Switches. Abstract: For fault characteristics of cyber-physical-systems (CPS) based distribution network, a spatiotemporal incidence matrix to represent correlation of concurrent faults on cyberspace and physical space is proposed, and strategies of fault location, removal, and recovery of concurrent faults are analyzed in this paper. Considering the multiple objectives of minimum network loss, voltage deviation, and switching operation times, a collaborative power supply restoration model of a CPS-based distribution network with the strategy that restoration of the communication layer is prior to the physical layer is constructed using the Dijkstra's dynamic routing algorithm and second-order cone relaxation distribution network reconfiguration method, to realize orderly recovery of a distribution network during CPS concurrent faults. Related investigations are made based on the DCPS-160 case, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model are also verified. |
17,255 | Please write an abstract with title: An IoT-based Smart Grid Technology: Bidirectional Power Flow, Smart Energy Metering, and Home Automation, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Home appliances, Renewable energy sources, Measurement uncertainty, Bidirectional power flow, Smart homes, Real-time systems. Abstract: The Internet of things (IoT)-based smart grid system is a burning tool for ensuring smart home automation monitoring systems, smart billing systems, and smart energy distribution. Smart grid has the advantage to integrate renewable energy resources (RESs) into the conventional grid that can reduce the effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This paper focuses on demonstrating the bidirectional power flow between generation units and the consumer’s unit, smart energy metering, and home automation system. Solar photovoltaic (PV) system is supplies power to the home appliance with the grid and when the power solar PV is sufficient, it can contribute to the grid. The smart billing system provides the billing information to the users through message. Home automation system benefits the consumer to distribute energy efficiently s and to control home appliances from anywhere in the world. The proposed research work is implemented practically to verify the feasibility of the system. ESP32 with GSM module is incorporated into the system as the controller. The real-time data of voltage, current, and power are collected from the ThinkSpeak server. The error is calculated from the measured data and the actual data and is illustrated graphically. The average percentage of error for solar power is 7.542989% and for the grid is 3.443207%. |
17,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive digital compensation in DSP based FM modulators, and key words: Digital signal processing, Digital modulation, Finite impulse response filter, Pulse modulation, Amplitude modulation, Adaptive filters, Digital filters, Frequency modulation, Frequency dependence, Frequency shift keying. Abstract: This paper discusses digital compensation for frequency dependent transfer characteristics and errors in digital PAM/CPFSK (Pulse Amplitude Modulation/Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying) quadrature modulators. A digital compensation method is proposed here using two adaptive FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters to compensate for the magnitude and phase characteristics of the reconstruction filters in the quadrature modulator. The simulation results show that this technique is simple, efficient, and leads to substantial improvement of signal quality. |
17,257 | Please write an abstract with title: System Weaning Food Product Using Forward Chaining Method, and key words: Pediatrics, System testing, Computer languages, Databases, Food products, Intelligent systems, Cybernetics. Abstract: The provision of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) is one of the important periods in the first thousand days of a child's life. The transition period, which takes place at the age of 6 months to 24 months, is quite vulnerable for children's growth. The selection of quality MP-ASI is influenced by the mother's level of knowledge about food ingredients and the nutritional adequacy of the baby. Although instant MP-ASI is now easy to obtain, complete with information on nutritional values, the percentage of the Nutrient Adequacy Rate (RDA) for each baby is different, depending on the baby's weight, age and type of allergy. So that more knowledge is needed to determine the right MP-ASI menu according to the nutritional needs of infants. With these problems, the author makes a web-based MP-ASI menu recommendation information system, which uses the PHP programming language, and the MySQL database. The algorithm method used to determine the MP-ASI menu recommendations according to the nutritional needs of infants is the Forward Chaining method, while the system testing method uses white box testing. The purpose of this study is to make it easier for mothers to choose the right MP-ASI menu recommendation system and information about MP-ASI that can be accessed by users through the website, where all data on the system is managed by the admin on a different website from the website that can be accessed by users. users. With this system, it is hoped that it can help the community to get the right MP-ASI menu recommendations. |
17,258 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D Printed Terahertz Lens with 2-D Near-Field Focus-Scanning Capability, and key words: Antenna measurements, Printing, Manufacturing processes, Horn antennas, Two dimensional displays, Meetings, Lenses. Abstract: A novel near-field focus (NFF) lens antenna with two-dimensional (2-D) focus-scanning capability operating at THz frequencies is proposed in this paper. The NFF antenna consists of a pair of thin and lightweight discrete dielectric lens (DDL), which is placed above a stationary feed horn. The DDL pair is designed to emulate the functionalities of a conventional bulky four-refractive-lens NFF system. To simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the cost, 3-D printing technology is adopted to fabricate the lens antenna with a radius of 7.5 mm operating at 0.3 THz. Experimental results demonstrate that the antenna is capable of realizing 2-D near-field focus scanning by mechanically in-plane rotation of the two DDL panels. |
17,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Projection Concepts for Low Noise-Vibration Level of the Hybrid Electric Aircraft with Wing-Disc Body and Disc Airship, and key words: Geometry, Green products, Focusing, Aerodynamics, Ecology, Aircraft, Noise level. Abstract: The new Project Concepts for future Green Air Transportation Technologies will be focusing to new Geometry as the complex Disc-Wing Adaptive Transforming Structures for any Passenger Hybrid Electrical Aircraft and Solar Disc Airship with Active Electrical Vortex Systems. |
17,260 | Please write an abstract with title: High energy 100 fs midinfrared pulse generation and characterisation, and key words: Pulse generation, Optical pulses, Optical interferometry, Ultrafast optics, Nonlinear optics, Optical pulse generation, Laser excitation, Frequency, Pulse amplifiers, Gases. Abstract: We have developed a high energy (>2 /spl mu/J) source that produces ultrafast pulses tunable from 4 to 14 /spl mu/m. Pulse spectrum and duration are characterised in real time using a Michelson interferometer. |
17,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating Information Flow Analysis in Unifying Theories of Programming, and key words: Semantics, Programming, Control systems, Software systems, Probabilistic logic, Cognition, Specification languages. Abstract: This paper presents a formal approach for modelling and reasoning about information flow control in software systems under Hoare and He's Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP). We investigate the problem of integrating information flow control into system design in a unified semantic setting. Our approach can therefore treat information flow analysis and control in various families of specification languages and programming paradigms in a more general way. In addition, we formalise the link between classes of predicates as a paired function which maps set of the predicates from one class into set of the predicates from the other with a concern of flow security preservation. The proposed flow-sensitive combined theories of multiple level classes of predicates can be applied to ensure flow security in different paradigms under stepwise development. |
17,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of soil properties and surface hydrology parameters to assess the variation induced by different plantations, and key words: Soil measurements, Soil properties, Soil moisture, Crops, Forestry, Conductivity, Sediments. Abstract: Assessment of the influence of plantations on hydrological processes and soil properties is vital for watershed management and development. Plantation type and its distribution over the watershed scale with considerable heterogeneity can alter the rainfall path into a runoff by modifying the soil hydrological processes, such as interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, interflow, surface runoff, baseflow, and groundwater recharge. Therefore, in-situ measurement and monitoring of these parameters for the plantations may greatly help in watershed management and develop a more efficient hydrological model. Besides, the existence of an individual plantation alters with land management practices influences soil properties like hydraulic conductivity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen content and organic carbon content. This study analyses the impact of fully grown plantation crops (horticultural and forestry) on various critical hydrological processes and soil properties. A long-term (2017-19) and intensive measurements were carried out at watershed scale through controlled field experiments under nine different plantations crops. The ANOVA based statistical analysis using the collected long-term dataset shows that variations in soil properties were statistically insignificant (at a 5% significance level) with in plantation type. However, a significant variation was found (at a 5% significance level) in soil properties of various watersheds covering different plantations. In addition to the soil properties, the influence of different plantations cover is also visible in the critical hydrological process. The results indicated that throughfall (TF) of plantations is inversely proportional to LAI, and it ranged from 54 % to 82 %, stem flow from 1.1%-7.7%, interception loss from 16%-42% of total rainfall. Runoff coefficient (Rc) varied 0.17 to 0.24 under different plantations. Mean available soil moisture in 10 cm to 140 cm soil depth varies between 10 % and 25 % among plantations during 2017. The runoff, sediment yield, and groundwater depletion were also estimated and analysed. Understanding the variation in these hydrological processes under different plantations could help in improving the estimation of the hydrological parameters. |
17,263 | Please write an abstract with title: Proactive Resilience Enhancement Strategy for Transmission Systems, and key words: Power systems, Resilience, Meteorology, Topology, Tropical cyclones, Generators, Transformers. Abstract: Chapter <link href="urn:x-wiley:9781119801474:xml-component:w9781119801474c06"/> proposes a proactive operation strategy to enhance system resilience during an unfolding extreme event. A Markov process is used to represent the uncertain sequential transition of system states driven by the evolution of extreme events. Transition probabilities depend on failure rates caused by extreme events. For each state, a recursive value function with a current cost and a future cost is modeled in consideration of inter‐temporal constraints and operation constraints. An optimal strategy is established by optimizing the recursive model, which is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming by using the linear scalarization method, with the probability of each state as the weight of each objective. The results demonstrate that the proposed proactive operation strategies can reduce the loss of load due to the development of extreme events. |
17,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and fabrication of high aspect ratio fine pitch interconnects for wafer level packaging, and key words: Fabrication, Wafer scale integration, Packaging, Partial response channels, Assembly, Inductance, Electric resistance, CMOS integrated circuits, CMOS process, Costs. Abstract: The Packaging Research Center (PRC) at Georgia Tech has been exploring and evaluating novel compliant nano interconnect designs to enable high density I/O architecture for the next generation chip assembly. Most of the compliant interconnects that are currently being developed have inductance and resistance higher than desirable. We propose high aspect ratio interconnects as a solution that can support both electrical and mechanical requirements. The fabrication of these interconnects is similar to the standard IC fabrication and involves only one additional step beyond the standard CMOS wafer processing, thus making it a cost effective wafer level process. Extensive modeling was carried out to design 40 /spl mu/m pitch interconnects with optimized electrical and mechanical properties. The fabrication of fine-pitch copper interconnects with aspect ratio of 1:5 was demonstrated as a low-cost wafer level process. Results show that these interconnects provide the optimal combination of electrical and mechanical requirements and hence provides a viable solution for next-generation electronic packaging that can support extremely high I/O density. |
17,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Sub-micrometer period refractive index grating coupler for single mode optical waveguide sensors [chemical and biosensor applications], and key words: Optical sensors, Optical waveguides, Biosensors, Refractive index, Gratings, Optical coupling, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Chemical and biological sensors. Abstract: Based on our patented new manufacturing technology, ion-implanted, holographically generated refractive index modulation grating couplers for single mode optical waveguide sensors can be produced. The mode spectrum of the new sensor elements shows narrow FWHM resonance peaks, thus increasing the sensitivity. |
17,266 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving requirements tracing via information retrieval, and key words: Information retrieval, Performance analysis, Computer science, Algorithm design and analysis, Software tools, Signal analysis, Computer aided software engineering, Capability maturity model, Sparks, Horses. Abstract: We present an approach for improving requirements tracing based on framing it as an information retrieval (IR) problem. Specifically, we focus on improving recall and precision in order to reduce the number of missed traceability links as well as to reduce the number of irrelevant potential links that an analyst has to examine when performing requirements tracing. Several IR algorithms were adapted and implemented to address this problem. We evaluated our algorithms by comparing their results and performance to those of a senior analyst who traced manually as well as with an existing requirements tracing tool. Initial results suggest that we can retrieve a significantly higher percentage of the links than analysts, even when using existing tools, and do so in much less time while achieving comparable signal-to-noise levels. |
17,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of optical nonlinearity in picosecond optical pulse transmission over 200 km of optical fibers using a midspan optical phase conjugation, and key words: Optical pulses, Optical fibers, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical mixing, Nonlinear optics, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Power transmission lines, Optical fiber dispersion, Pulse modulation, Scanning probe microscopy. Abstract: In this report, we experimentally demonstrate that mid-span optical phase conjugation(OPC) transmissions have large tolerance for the nonlinearity. We also compare the results with that in the transmission experiments using 200 km large-core SMFs and NDFs. We used a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as an optical phase conjugator and 200 km of standard SMFs as a transmission line. We found that mid-span OPC has large tolerance for optical nonlinearity in the transmission line. |
17,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-objective optimization Model for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem Considering Transportation Constraints: A Comparative Study, and key words: Transportation, Energy consumption, Optimization, Evolutionary computation, Encoding, Job shop scheduling, Sorting. Abstract: Flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) has long been a complex problem due to the resource flexibility and strong constraints, generating a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem. The problem becomes more complex with the increasing demand of energy reduction and the corresponding environmental impacts. Proper production scheduling is of significant potential in saving energy in the manufacturing system. In this paper, a multi-objective FJSP model is formulated with the objectives of minimizing the makespan and energy consumption considering strong transportation constraints. Two popular multi-objective optimization solver including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) are employed and compared in a real-world instance of the FJSP, associated with novel coding schemes. The results show that the proposed model is well solved by the two solvers and NSGA-II get the better solutions. |
17,269 | Please write an abstract with title: The Whole Truth: A Cosmologist’s Reflections on the Search for Objective Reality, and key words: Measurement, General relativity, Prediction, Cosmological constant, Theory, Density, Baryon, Physical cosmology, Hubble's law, Neutrino, Theoretical physics, Natural science, Approximation, Quantum mechanics, Temperature, White dwarf, Thought, Observation, Gravitational redshift, Sirius, Big Bang, Tests of general relativity, Mass distribution, Photon, Theory of relativity, Chronology of the universe, Physicist, Galaxy rotation curve, Length scale, Planetary nebula, Verificationism, Atomic nucleus, Mach's principle, Thomas Kuhn, Scientist, Gravitational acceleration, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Classical limit, Zero-point energy, Modified Newtonian dynamics, Linear scale, Minkowski space, Fred Hoyle, Extrapolation, Social constructionism, Schwarzschild metric, Predictive power, Gravity, Peirce (crater), Partial derivative, Angular momentum, Richard Feynman, Equivalence principle, Jupiter, George Gamow, Metric expansion of space, Wavelength, Special relativity, Comprehension (logic), Calculation, Astronomer, Repeatability, Cosmic Evolution (book), Science wars, Stellar classification, The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, Astronomy, Steady State theory, Empirical research, Cosmological principle, Power law, Atomic number, Spiral galaxy, Paradigm shift, Thermal radiation, Existence, Absolute magnitude, Present value, NGC 2403, Particle physics in cosmology, Redshift, Conservation law, Multiple discovery, Kuiper belt, Neutron, Acceleration, Asymptotically flat spacetime, Planetary system, Supersymmetry, Number density, Kinetic energy, Physical law, Classical physics, Scattering, Galaxy cluster, Quantum electrodynamics, Satellite, Order of magnitude, Inverse-square law, Goodness of fit. Abstract: <p><b>From the Nobel Prize–winning physicist, a personal meditation on the quest for objective reality in natural science</b><br><br>A century ago, thoughtful people questioned how reality could agree with physical theories that keep changing, from a mechanical model of the ether to electric and magnetic fields, and from homogeneous matter to electrons and atoms. Today, concepts like dark matter and dark energy further complicate and enrich the search for objective reality. <i>The Whole Truth</i> is a personal reflection on this ongoing quest by one of the world’s most esteemed cosmologists.<br><br>What lies at the heart of physical science? What are the foundational ideas that inform and guide the enterprise? Is the concept of objective reality meaningful? If so, do our established physical theories usefully approximate it? P. J. E. Peebles takes on these and other big questions about the nature of science, drawing on a lifetime of experience as a leading physicist and using cosmology as an example. He traces the history of thought about the nature of physical science since Einstein, and succinctly lays out the fundamental working assumptions. Through a careful examination of the general theory of relativity, Einstein’s cosmological principle, and the theory of an expanding universe, Peebles shows the evidence that we are discovering the nature of reality in successive approximations through increasingly rigorous scrutiny.<br><br>A landmark work, <i>The Whole Truth</i> is essential reading for anyone interested in the practice of science.</br></br></br></br></br></br></p> |
17,270 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Role of U.K. Government Policy in Developing the University Entrepreneurial Finance Ecosystem for Cleantech, and key words: Ecosystems, Government policies, Entrepreneurship, Industries, Climate change, Investment, Research and development, Capital ventures. Abstract: Vast sums of public money are invested into universities globally as anchor institutions and knowledge bases providing seedbed resources for research and development and entrepreneurship. Focusing on university science and technology research we examine two U.K. case studies of government support from the “Innovation Knowledge Centre” (IKC) program to translate research into industry innovation for public good. Although IKCs are not tasked to address climate change, the two case studies demonstrate tremendous potential for Cleantech development. An exploratory entrepreneurial finance (“entfin”) ecosystem theoretical lens contextualizes the catalytic roles of universities and public funding to support industry at the base of the innovation finance escalator. We thus develop university-industry ecosystems literature, addressing the gap in nurturing university entfin for climate change. Our qualitative case study methodology includes literature review and 51 key informant interviews with: policymakers; university research leaders, technology transfer officers, specialist research to industry innovation “translation” staff, SME beneficiaries, trade bodies; and early-stage private finance providers. We reveal nuances in different emerging innovation sectors—notably their degree of maturity, locality, and outcome horizons for achieving impact, drawing attention to the key roles of universities and financing and their interactions within their entfin ecosystems. We demonstrate the need for government long horizon, deep pocket, investment, and integrated university entfin policy mix, alongside more open, inclusive, ecosystem development between different actors. |
17,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Web-applications Fault Tolerance and Autoscaling Provided by the Combined Method of Databases Scaling, and key words: Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Distributed databases, Manuals, Maintenance engineering, Main-secondary, Servers. Abstract: The purpose of this work is to accelerate the server applications operation at high load and to automate the server systems scaling processes, which allows to reduce the cost of infrastructure and its maintenance. |
17,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Interaction of Photonic Curing Process Parameters on Additively Printed Copper Circuits, and key words: Silver, Scanning electron microscopy, Temperature, Sintering, Ink, Curing, Oxidation. Abstract: 3D printing, as an emerging method, has been utilized to manufacture complex and high-precision items in a wide range of areas. Much of the work on flexible electronics that uses direct digital printing is done with silver ink. Copper ink is a viable alternative to silver ink; however, development of manufacturing process recipes has faced impediments owing to the requirement for controlled heat curing. Photonic curing is a method that may be used to immediately sinter copper ink after it has been printed. The technique uses high-energy light to instantly sinter metal particles while keeping the substrate temperature low. Copper requires a controlled environment during the thermal chamber curing which may be overcome with the photo sintering system, thus studying the effect of photocuring on mechanical and electrical properties of the printed conductive traces is of utmost importance in Flexible Hybrid Electronics(FHE). In this paper, we have studied the effect of various curing setup parameters such as stage speed and Flash height on the shear strength and resistivity of printed traces. The temperature exposure for curing utilizing photonic sintering is also investigated to compare it to conventional thermal oven cure methods. In previous work, we reported on numerous setup factors such as flash frequency, flash modes, and the influence of preheat treatment techniques; this information provides us with a solid knowledge of the copper trace behavior as well as a good mechanical and electrical characteristics process recipe. Line width and height were investigated using white light interferometry analysis for resistivity calculations. Copper ink is a good and economical alternative to silver ink, but its use has been delayed because of an increased oxidation propensity. In the course of this problem, after various curing conditions, we have carried out elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for the material composition behavior and examined possible trace oxidation. |
17,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Cyber-secure decentralized energy management for IoT-enabled active distribution networks, and key words: Power distribution, Energy management, Computer security, Microgrids, Internet of Things, Power system reliability. Abstract: This paper provides a strategic solution for enhancing the cybersecurity of power distribution system operations when information and operation technologies converge in active distribution network (ADN). The paper first investigates the significance of Internet of Things (IoT) in enabling fine-grained observability and controllability of ADN in networked microgrids. Given severe cybersecurity vulnerabilities embedded in conventionally centralized energy management schemes, the paper then proposes a cyber-secure decentralized energy management framework that applies a distributed decision-making intelligence to networked microgrids while securing their individual mandates for optimal operation. In particular, the proposed framework takes advantage of software-defined networking technologies that can secure communications among IoT devices in individual microgrids, and exploits potentials for introducing blockchain technologies that can preserve the integrity of communications among networked microgrids in ADN. Furthermore, the paper presents the details of application scenarios where the proposed framework is employed to secure peer-to-peer transactive energy management based on a set of interoperable blockchains. It is finally concluded that the proposed framework can play a significant role in enhancing the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and sustainability of electricity services in ADN. |
17,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Investigation of Corona Pulse Characteristics under DC and AC Voltages, and key words: Partial discharge measurement, Electrodes, Partial discharges, Current measurement, Feature extraction, Discharges (electric), Corona. Abstract: This paper presents a comparative investigation of AC, + DC, and - DC corona discharge pulse characteristics using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The corona discharges under different types of excitation are generated via a rod-plane elec-trode system with a constant gap spacing. The corona discharge pulses are recorded using a shunt resistor via an oscilloscope. After noise elimination from the discharge pulses, nine features extracted from the noise-free signals are inputted to several ML models to identify the corona discharges with respect to the voltage types. To increase the performance of a single model, ensemble learning, which is the combination of ML algorithms, is employed. It is observed that the corona discharge types are effectively identified with these features using ensemble learning with a high accuracy rate. |
17,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Educational Mixed Reality Game on Water Desalination Plants, and key words: Games, Virtual reality, Tools, Desalination, Education, Chemical engineering, Visualization. Abstract: This Work-in-Progress paper reports on the development of a Mixed Reality (MR) game prototype via HoloLens and Unity Engine. We aim to investigate how we can incorporate immersive multimedia technologies such as HoloLens as a potential form of STEM learning for students. This paper also proposes methods for testing the game's effectiveness as a learning tool. In our research, we have developed a prototype of a Desalination Plant in the Mixed Reality model application using the Game Development software called Unity engine. The MR app includes interactions and animations added to the 3D Industrial model, and we crossbuilt the Unity application to the HoloLens device, allowing the user to interact with the model in a real-world environment. The game aims to stimulate competition by introducing time constraints, game levels and a point system to incentivize students by developing their analytical skills. The game will be followed by a survey tool to assess the educational impact of the game and whether it was beneficial for the students in aiding them in the learning process. The research team has drawn upon the experiences of the Petroleum Engineering department at Texas A&M University at Qatar, who implemented a virtual reality application visualizing LNG spill and Dispersion in one of their research projects [1]. However, in our project, we aim to not only simulate the facility for visualization purposes but also to provide more interactive content for the users in STEM courses and increase students' comprehension of specific topics. In the process of designing the MR game, we aim to address the following research questions: 1) Do students' motivation to learn about plant design and process safety procedures improve after implementing MR? & 2) To what extent can a MR game application teach students to synthesize and design processes typically encountered in the desalination plant to meet needs within realistic constraints such as economics, safety, health & the environment? |
17,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Photonics‐Based Millimeter‐Wave Band Remote Beamforming of Antenna Arrays Integrated with Photodiodes, and key words: Radio frequency, Microstrip antenna arrays, Finite element analysis, Microstrip antennas, Photonics, Optical fiber dispersion, Millimeter wave communication. Abstract: Photonics‐based beamforming of an antenna array in the millimeter‐wave band utilizing a radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) technique is described. The RF signals are transmitted through low loss optical fibers to a remote antenna array integrated with high‐speed photodiodes. This innovative scheme is considered to be a useful new approach to be applied in future mobile communication networks, especially in higher frequency RF bands such as the millimeter‐wave band. After the introduction of the basic concepts and operation principles of photonics‐based remote antenna beamforming with the RoF technique, the detailed designs and fabrication methods used to realize such new beamforming schemes are described. The RF phases in the RoF signals are controlled by utilizing the chromatic dispersion characteristics of optical fibers. The design and fabrication of a 4 × 2 antenna array integrated with photodiodes; and its fundamental beamforming characteristics at 60 GHz, including digital signal transmission, are presented. A compact antenna module integrated with a photodiode is proposed in order to realize more flexible array patterns. It actually has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The various beam patterns created by a 1 × 8 antenna array are shown. The use of an optical variable delay line (VDL) has been demonstrated to prove that it is another effective method to control the RF phases of the RoF signals. A wavelength tunable semiconductor laser monolithically integrated with an electro‐absorption modulator has been used to generate RoF signals. It is shown that it can be a practical light source. We briefly describe a method to estimate the direction of user equipment (UE), which is necessary for effective beamforming. |
17,277 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method for Classification of Missing Values using Data Mining Techniques, and key words: Computer science, Interpolation, Correlation, Fitting, Real-time systems, Numerical models, Data mining. Abstract: This paper is intended for research in the area of Data Mining. The classification accuracy is improved by attributing the missing values of data. The effective attributing method model based Missing value attribution using Correlation is proposed. It represents the missing value using the correlation among the attributes. It works adequately for both categorical and numeric data. It handles the missing values for classification. It increases the accuracy of classification. The proposed imputation method handles the missing values during classification is contributed because it will be suitable for real-time applications. In this article moreover directs a proper review of the missing value approach. A catalog of missing techniques which are normally recognized by the society under which missing data can happen - MCAR (Missing Completely at Random), MAR (Missing at Random), NMAR (Not Missing at Random). This paper discusses several techniques for treating missing data. It discusses numerous strategies for management of missing values there in the dataset. |
17,278 | Please write an abstract with title: SCTP multistreaming: preferential treatment among streams, and key words: Streaming media, Collaboration, Government, Command and control systems, Throughput, Load management, Intelligent networks, State feedback, Communication system control, Control systems. Abstract: FCS networks are presented with a new transport layer mechanism that, for transmitting multimedia, is markedly superior to transmission over UDP or TCP. SCTP's multistrearning provides an aggregation mechanism for transferring different objects belonging to the same logical application session; however, sharing the congestion state among the streams precludes efficient stream prioritization. We design an SCTP mechanism to provide the application with the service of being able to mark data such that different parts of a transfer (different streams) could be requested to receive preferential treatment from the network. The data flow within an association is divided into separate subassociation flows (SF), each SF having its own set of congestion control parameters. We implemented this design using an SCTP stack from Siemens. A number of experiments show that the streams marked with higher priority achieve much better throughput. We plan to investigate a layered congestion avoidance technique that uses state information from individual subflows to allow: dynamic addition of subflows without slow start; load balancing between paths and subflows; and using network state information to provide intelligent feedback to the application. |
17,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive online data compression, and key words: Data compression, Distributed computing, LAN interconnection, Concurrent computing, Spine, Network servers, Bandwidth, Algorithm design and analysis, File systems, Laboratories. Abstract: Quickly transmitting large datasets in the context of distributed computing on wide area networks can be achieved by compressing data before transmission, However such an approach is not efficient when dealing with higher speed networks. Indeed, the time to compress a large file and to send it is greater than the time to send the uncompressed file. In this paper we explore and enhance an algorithm that allows us to overlap communications with compression and to automatically adapt the compression effort to currently available network and processor resources. |
17,280 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling High Performance Fog Computing through Fog-2-Fog Coordination Model, and key words: Delays, Edge computing, Internet of Things, Task analysis, Cloud computing, Computational modeling, Computer architecture. Abstract: Fog computing is a promising network paradigm in the IoT area as it has a great potential to reduce processing time for time-sensitive IoT applications. However, fog can get congested very easily due to fog resources limitations in term of capacity and computational power. In this paper, we tackle the issue of fog congestion through a request offloading algorithm. The result shows that the performance of fogs nodes can be increased be sharing fog's overload over several fog nodes. The proposed offloading algorithm could have the potential to achieve a sustainable network paradigm and highlights the significant benefits of fog offloading for the future networking paradigm. |
17,281 | Please write an abstract with title: <i>i</i>Phantom: A Framework for Automated Creation of Individualized Computational Phantoms and Its Application to CT Organ Dosimetry, and key words: Phantoms, Biological systems, Computed tomography, Image segmentation, Biomedical imaging, Training, Laboratories. Abstract: Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a novel framework, iPhantom, for automated creation of patient-specific phantoms or “digital-twins (DT)” using patient medical images. The framework is applied to assess radiation dose to radiosensitive organs in CT imaging of individual patients. Method: Given a volume of patient CT images, iPhantom segments selected anchor organs and structures (e.g., liver, bones, pancreas) using a learning-based model developed for multi-organ CT segmentation. Organs which are challenging to segment (e.g., intestines) are incorporated from a matched phantom template, using a diffeomorphic registration model developed for multi-organ phantom-voxels. The resulting digital-twin phantoms are used to assess organ doses during routine CT exams. Result: iPhantom was validated on both with a set of XCAT digital phantoms (n = 50) and an independent clinical dataset (n = 10) with similar accuracy. iPhantom precisely predicted all organ locations yielding Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) 0.6 - 1 for anchor organs and DSC of 0.3-0.9 for all other organs. iPhantom showed <; 10% errors in estimated radiation dose for the majority of organs, which was notably superior to the state-of-the-art baseline method (20-35% dose errors). Conclusion: iPhantom enables automated and accurate creation of patient-specific phantoms and, for the first time, provides sufficient and automated patient-specific dose estimates for CT dosimetry. Significance: The new framework brings the creation and application of CHPs (computational human phantoms) to the level of individual CHPs through automation, achieving wide and precise organ localization, paving the way for clinical monitoring, personalized optimization, and large-scale research. |
17,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Inducing Strong Density Modulation with Small Energy Dispersion in Particle Beams and the Harmonic Amplifier Free Electron Laser, and key words: Optical modulation, Particle beams, Electron beams, Free electron lasers, Laser modes, Laser theory, Cyclotrons, Resonance, Masers, Electron emission. Abstract: We present a possible method of inducing a periodic density modulation in a particle beam with little increase in the energy dispersion of the particles. The flow of particles in phase space does not obey Liouville’s Theorem. The method relies upon the Kuramoto-like model of collective synchronism found in free electron generators of radiation, such as Cyclotron Resonance Masers and the Free Electron Laser. For the case of an FEL interaction, electrons initially begin to bunch and emit radiation energy with a correlated energy dispersion which is periodic with the FEL ponderomotive potential. The relative phase between potential and particles is then changed by approximately 180 degrees. The particles continue to bunch, however, there is now a correlated re-absorption of energy from the field. We show that, by repeating this relative phase change many times, a significant density modulation of the particles may be achieved with only relatively small energy dispersion. A similar method of repeated relative electron/radiation phase changes is used to demonstrate supression of the fundamental growth in a high gain FEL so that the FEL lases at the harmonic only. |
17,283 | Please write an abstract with title: 640-Gb/s OTDM signal measurement with high-resolution optical sampling system using wavelength-tunable soliton pulses, and key words: Pulse measurements, Wavelength measurement, Optical solitons, Sampling methods, Optical pulses, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical sensors, Optical fiber polarization, Nonlinear optics, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: We have demonstrated an optical sampling system using wavelength-tunable soliton pulses produced by a highly nonlinear polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. We successfully observed a 640-Gb/s optical signal with the system. The wavelength of the sampling pulses was shifted to 1736 nm by employing a 40-m-long PM fiber, and the sampling pulsewidth was 210 fs. The system achieved high temporal resolution of 280 fs and high sensitivity by employing a 2-mm-thick periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal. The system jitter was estimated to be 80 fs. |
17,284 | Please write an abstract with title: PRobPlan: A Framework of Integrating Probabilistic Planning Into ROS, and key words: Planning, Probabilistic logic, Task analysis, Navigation, Irrigation, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: The ROS (Robot Operating System) is a set of software libraries and tools used to build robotic systems. Recently, some researchers have been working on integrating planning systems into ROS. However, robotics domains are often probabilistically interesting. At present, only a few studies focused on integrating probabilistic planning into ROS. Moreover, they have limits on flexibility or scalability. Therefore, we propose a new framework, called PRobPlan (PRobabilistic Robot Planning), to alleviate these problems. On one hand, our framework uses a series of generation programs to build a problem file instead of the knowledge base. This makes it more modifiable. On the other hand, our framework integrates a state-of-the-art planner, SOGBOFA, and enhances it with a new recommendation function. This makes it more scalable. We instantiate the proposed framework in a warehouse-robot domain where mobile robots are allocated tasks of fetching or packing goods. Both of the domain and problem instances are modeled with RDDL (Relational Dynamic Influence Diagram Language). Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed framework. We also tested two top planners, SOGBOFA and PROST, for comparison. The enhanced version of SOGBOFA mildly outperformed its original version and vastly outperformed PROST. Our work promotes the integration of probabilistic planning with robotic systems. |
17,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Coherent Massive MIMO Systems: A Constellation Design Approach, and key words: Massive MIMO, Receiving antennas, NOMA, Decoding, Channel estimation, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this paper, a joint multi-user constellation is proposed for energy detection-based non-coherent massive multiple-input multiple-output system. This is motivated by the simple design and high energy efficiency it entails for both the transmitter and receiver. First, the orthogonal codes is employed to suppress the multi-user interference. However, this comes at the price of consuming more communications resources. In this study, the key to reduce code redundancy is the design of a joint constellation since it makes energy detection applicable when multiple users employ the same orthogonal codes. Although it is unsolvable initially, our analysis indicates that through minimizing the symbol-error rate (SER), the joint constellation design becomes feasible. Concretely, two analytical expressions of SER based on Gamma and Gaussian distributions are derived. Via minimizing the error probability, an important result that the joint constellation should satisfy is obtained. Accordingly, an isometric constellation design is proposed to find constellations that enable non-coherent reception with multiple users, and reduce SER simultaneously. In addition, decoding regions of symbol decision are optimized to further improve the error performance. In the end, numerical simulations are carried out to highlight the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. |
17,286 | Please write an abstract with title: The Cost Based DSM Methods in Microgrids with DG Sources, and key words: Schedules, Costs, Demand side management, Power supplies, Tariffs, Microgrids, Load management. Abstract: The rapid development of Microgrid as part of the general power supply system states the problem of choosing the optimal technologies for its composition. The cost based approach is presented in this paper. It allows to make optimal choice for the Microgrid structure depending only on the local prices on the market. The demand side management concept is used to optimize the behavior of Microgrids in the electricity market. To do this time-of-use tariffs are presented as highly effective demand-response programs for Microgrids with DG sources. Tariffs that change over time allow to respond to demand in the market. Such tariffs stimulate load regulation, both manually and automatically, which allows consumers to save on electricity costs, while enjoying the benefits of the system. The purpose of this paper is to present cost based DSM methods for the Microgrids with Distributed Generation sources to optimize their operation. |
17,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Deformation Control of a Deformable Object Based on Visual and Tactile Feedback, and key words: Visualization, Force measurement, Shape, Shape measurement, Force, Tactile sensors, Vision sensors. Abstract: In this paper, we presented a new method for deformation control of deformable objects, which utilizes both visual and tactile feedback. At present, manipulation of deformable objects is basically formulated by assuming positional constraints. But in fact, in many situations manipulation has to be performed under actively applied force constraints. This scenario is considered in this research. In the proposed scheme a tactile feedback is integrated to ensure a stable contact between the robot end-effector and the soft object to be manipulated. The controlled contact force is also utilized to regulate the deformation of the soft object with its shape measured by a vision sensor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a book page turning and shaping experiment. |
17,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Hardware Design for Autonomous Robot Evolution, and key words: Robots, Robot sensing systems, Hardware, Skeleton, Evolution (biology), Sensors, Statistics. Abstract: The long term goal of the Autonomous Robot Evolution (ARE) project is to create populations of physical robots, in which both the controllers and body plans are evolved. The transition of evolutionary designs from purely simulation environments into the real world creates the possibility for new types of system able to adapt to unknown and changing environments. In this paper, a system for creating robots is introduced in order to allow for their body plans to be designed algorithmically and physically instantiated using the previously introduced Robot Fabricator. This system consists of two types of components. Firstly, skeleton parts are created bespoke for each design by 3D printing, allowing the overall shape of the robot to include almost infinite variety. To allow for the shortcomings of 3D printing, the second type of component are organs which contain components such as motors and sensors, and can be attached to the skeleton to provide particular functions. Specific organ designs are presented, with discussion of the design challenges for evolutionary robotics in hardware. The Robot Fabricator is extended to allow for robots with joints, and some example body plans shown to demonstrate the diversity possible using this system of robot generation. |
17,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating Cyberattack Impacts Using Lyapunov-Based Economic Model Predictive Control, and key words: Noise measurement, Cyberattack, Stability analysis, Economics, Level set, Predictive control, Control systems. Abstract: One of the pressing concerns for next-generation manufacturing is the development of techniques for guaranteeing that a control system is cyberattack-resilient in the sense that even if a cyberattack is successful at breaking information technology-based defenses (e.g., it succeeds at providing a false sensor measurement to the controller), closed-loop stability is still maintained. Our prior work has provided a nonlinear systems definition for cyberattacks. This work explores how a nonlinear systems perspective on cyberattack-resilience for false sensor measurements provided to controllers may allow an economic model predictive control (EMPC) formulation known as Lyapunov-based EMPC (LEMPC) to be designed such that if a cyberattack occurs at a sampling time, the closed-loop state will not leave a region where a known feedback control law exists that can stabilize the origin of the closed-loop system if the cyberattack is detected and non-falsified state measurements are then provided within that sampling period. |
17,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Highly Sensitive and Selective VOC Vapor Optical Fiber Sensor Using Hierarchical Nanostructures of Butterfly Wing Scales, and key words: Optical fiber sensors, Reflectivity, Probes, Films, Ribs, Optical fibers. Abstract: Volatile organic compound (VOC) is one of the most widely spread and hazardous environmental pollutants. In this work, a VOC vapor optical fiber sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on the multilayer interference and diffraction of Morpho Didius butterfly wing scales. The sensing wing is fabricated and sheathed on the end of the optical fiber probe with a sleeve, while the sensing element could be easily renewed by replacing the sleeve part. It is found that the reflectance spectrum of the butterfly wings changes with varied VOC vapors. By tracing the spectral changes, the categories and concentrations of VOC vapors are investigated experimentally, while the differential reflectance spectrum ΔR is introduced to magnify the subtle differences of the original spectrum. Here, the dichloromethane, acetone, and ethanol vapors are tested, and the maximum sensitivity of the sensor is measured as 3.303E-5%/ppm, 7.762E-5%/ppm, and 2.881E-4%/ppm, respectively. The principal components analysis method is employed to further analyze the ΔR spectrum, and the concentration of varied VOC vapors could be discriminated and identified according to the distribution of the projected points. Considering its advantages including low-cost, easy fabrication, good repeatability, high sensitivity, and selectivity, this wing-based vapor optical fiber sensor has great application potential in the field of air monitoring. |
17,291 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network Assisted Variable-Step-Size P&O for Fast Maximum Power Point Tracking, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Photovoltaic systems, Perturbation methods, Artificial neural networks, Microelectronics, Oscillators, Matlab. Abstract: This work proposes an ultra-fast Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for Photovoltaic (PV) system. The objective is to combine the Variable Step Size Perturb and Observe (VSS P&O) algorithm and the Neural Network (NN) algorithm to rapidly track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of a PV. The role of the NN is to propose a new starting point for the P&O algorithm on every sudden climatic variation. This will reduce the searching time required by the P&O to reach the MPP. The proposed method is verified using MATLAB-Simulink simulations. Moreover, an experimental validation is carried out using a boost-converter in conjunction with a Microcontroller based system. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the conventional P&O and the VSS P&O on MATLAB-Simulink, and then with the experimental test. The results show that the proposed method tracks faster the MPP by 3 to 7 times compared to the two other methods. |
17,292 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization and Design of a High-Voltage Supply for Electrostatic Precipitators, and key words: Power transformers, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Windings, Electrodes, Switches, Electric fields, Modulation. Abstract: This paper introduces an improved transformer- based converter, suitable for high-voltage, high-power dc loads such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). According to the particle separation model and distribution experiments, the main influencing factors of particle collection performance and the requirements for ESP supply are proposed and verified. By analyzing the static characteristics of the ESP supply with three typical modulation schemes, the loss reduction of IGBT bridges and power transformer are achieved with a lower cost, and the supply reliability is improved. Compensation network enhances the dynamic stability and response speed of the designed supply and guarantees the ESP collection efficiency even in the worst operating condition. Moreover, an ac resistance optimization method applicable for transformer windings is proposed. Compared with conventional design methods, the number of layers of the windings is treated as a design variable instead of as a predetermined parameter, and the core window dimension and insulation requirements are introduced as boundary conditions. The experimental results verify that the design of the power transformer and ESP supply is reasonable, and the field operation data indicate that the pollutant emission of the precipitators powered the devised high-voltage dc supply satisfy the strictest standards in China and the European Union. |
17,293 | Please write an abstract with title: A Systematic Literature Review on Automotive Digital Forensics: Challenges, Technical Solutions and Data Collection, and key words: Automotive engineering, Digital forensics, Security, Internet of Things, Sensors, Hardware, Vehicles. Abstract: A modern vehicle has a complex internal architecture and is wirelessly connected to the Internet, other vehicles, and the infrastructure. The risk of cyber attacks and other criminal incidents along with recent road accidents caused by autonomous vehicles calls for more research on automotive digital forensics. Failures in automated driving functions can be caused by hardware and software failures and cyber security issues. Thus, it is imperative to be able to determine and investigate the cause of these failures, something which requires trustable data. However, automotive digital forensics is a relatively new field for the automotive where most existing self-monitoring and diagnostic systems in vehicles only monitor safety-related events. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first systematic literature review on the current research within this field. We identify and assess over 300 papers published between 2006–2021 and further map the relevant papers to different categories based on identified focus areas to give a comprehensive overview of the forensics field and the related research activities. Moreover, we identify forensically relevant data from the literature, link the data to categories, and further map them to required security properties and potential stakeholders. Our categorization makes it easy for practitioners and researchers to quickly find relevant work within a particular sub-field of digital forensics. We believe our contributions can guide digital forensic investigations in automotive and similar areas, such as cyber-physical systems and smart cities, facilitate further research, and serve as a guideline for engineers implementing forensics mechanisms. |
17,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Make the most of MUST, an open-source Matlab UltraSound Toolbox, and key words: Analytical models, Adaptation models, Ultrasonic imaging, Transducers, Array signal processing, Speckle, Acoustics. Abstract: Medical ultrasound imaging requires recurring use of elementary principles, namely, the choice of the transducer, the design of the emitted waves and their wavefronts (e.g. focused or wide), the demodulation of the received signals, their beamforming, and their post-processing to generate B-mode or flow images. The ultrasound signals used for research purposes can be synthetic or acquired. To make the whole pipeline easily accessible to many researchers and students, the objective was to provide an open-access toolbox, widely documented, and adapted to ultrasound imaging research involving experimental or simulation methods. The MUST Matlab UltraSound Toolbox contains algorithms that focus on the development, simulation, and analysis of ultrasound signals for medical imaging. The user can design various ultrasound-imaging scenarios and analyze their performance using simulated or acquired data. The MUST functions allow studying the characteristics of transducers and waveforms, analyze signals, and construct ultrasound images. The many examples provide a starting point for students and researchers to quickly gain an understanding of the essentials of ultrasound imaging. The simulators integrated into MUST provide very realistic acoustic pressure fields and ultrasound images. The Matlab MUST toolbox is freely available at https://www.biomecardio.com/MUST. Before engaging in advanced ultrasound techniques and comparing them with so-called standard methods, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the latter and their advantages and limitations. With this in mind, the MUST toolbox includes everything needed for comprehensive ultrasound imaging: simulators of acoustic pressure fields and backscattered RF signals, delay-and-sum beamforming, B-mode imaging, wall filtering, color or vector Doppler, speckle tracking … The documentation and open access facilitate easy and intuitive use. If the MUST toolbox proves to be interesting, the author plans to integrate advanced features depending on the demands of the ultrasound community. |
17,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-interference Cancellation in In-band Full-duplex Communication Systems Using Special Pair of Complementary Sequences, and key words: Channel estimation, OFDM, Time-domain analysis, Estimation, Signal to noise ratio, Radio transmitters, Complexity theory. Abstract: This paper presents a digital domain self-interference (SI) cancellation algorithm employing complementary sequence pair based LS technique for in-band full-duplex (FD) orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing systems over Rayleigh frequency selective fading scenario. Here SI channel estimation is performed under two scenarios. To obtain an efficient and reliable SI channel estimate, the intended signal transmitter is kept off in the first scenario, whereas the intended signal is considered as noise in the second scenario. For the estimation of the SI channel coefficients, special pairs of complementary sequences are constructed that reduces the complexity of time domain channel estimation. Further, SI cancellation is performed in digital domain to make practical FD system feasible. The simulation performances of the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional techniques that proves its feasibility. |
17,296 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low-order Frequency Response Model of Adjustable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit, and key words: Analytical models, Power system dynamics, Power system stability, Frequency response, Stability analysis, Thermal analysis, PSCAD. Abstract: Rocketing penetration of the renewable and intermittent sources into the power system results in critical frequency stability challenges. As the mature and massive-scale energy storage technology, the pumped storage plant is considered as an effective solution. The advanced adjustable-speed pumped storage unit has greater flexibility for frequency regulation compared to traditional fixed-speed pumped storage unit, so it is crucial for frequency stability to clarity the intrinsic dynamics of frequency response of adjustable-speed pumped storage unit and to establish its physics-based model, which have been studied inadequately. To reveal the intrinsic performance and present an analytical expression, this study proposes that the additional power obtained by primary frequency control of adjustable-speed pumped storage unit is jointly supplied by electric component and mechanical one. Then based on this, a low-order frequency response model of adjustable-speed pumped storage unit is established, which only retains the characteristics of frequency responsive governor and reversible pump-turbine. Finally, the proposed model is validated by comparing its simulated frequency response with that of the full model by PSCAD tool. |
17,297 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Behavior of MEMD in Presence of Multivariate Fractional Gaussian Noise, and key words: Standards, Oscillators, Gaussian noise, Tools, Sensors, Indexes, Frequency estimation. Abstract: Multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) has been introduced to make standard EMD suitable for direct multichannel signals processing. Unlike EMD, MEMD is able to align sifted intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from multiple data channels. The aim of this work is to analyze the behavior of MEMD under multivariate fGn (MfGn) with different Hurst exponents, H, and strengths of link between pairs of channels, ρ, of each sifted IMF. We report results supporting the claim that, regardless of ρ values and for both MfGns long-range and short-range dependent, MEMD acts as filter bank on each channel of the input multivariate signal. Whatever the ρ and H values, this equivalent filter bank structure is dyadic with constant-Q band-pass filters. The observed self-similar filter bank structure leads to a deeper statistical studies of the variance distribution and zero-crossings alignment in order to express this self-similarity in terms of spectral densities of multidimensional IMFs. These statistical properties generalize what was previously conducted for EMD to MEMD and estimation strategy of H exponent is proposed. The filter bank behavior of MEMD is illustrated on real turbulent flow data and the estimated H exponent brings out the long-range-dependent nature of the turbulent flow data. An application to EEG data is also proposed. |
17,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Lumped Reflection-type Phase-shifter for Sub-6 GHz application, and key words: Phase shifters, Resonant frequency, Couplers, Insertion loss, Broadband communication, Scattering parameters, Broadband antennas. Abstract: This paper investigates the bandwidth/phase extension for a reflection-type phase-shifter, which comprises a lumped 3 dB branch-line coupler and reflective load. A broadband 90° coupler is designed and compared to conventional narrowband lumped coupler. Furthermore, the impact on deviation of relative phase tunning range of the phase shifter applied by reflective loads is observed for sub-6 GHz application. Experimental result showed that the operating bandwidth of the reflection-type phase shifter is maintained while the relative deviation of phase variation can be lower than +/- 10° at desired frequency band. |
17,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Perceptual Training with Noise on Chinese Learners' English Consonant Reception Thresholds, and key words: Training, Measurement, Correlation, Information processing, Cathode ray tubes. Abstract: A group of native Chinese speakers underwent intensive perceptual training to identify English intervocalic consonants, with noise presented during the training procedure. Learners' Consonant Reception Thresholds (CRT) were measured before and after training, and their consonant identifications in quiet were also measured. The results showed that, after training, learners' overall CRT decreased significantly, and their consonant identification accuracy increased significantly. A significant negative correlation between individual consonant's CRT decrease and identification improvement was also found. These results indicated the general effectiveness of the training, and that CRT can be a useful metric in quantifying the abilities of non-native sound perception in noise. |
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