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17,100 | Please write an abstract with title: A scheme for speech processing in automatic speaker verification, and key words: Speech processing, Pattern recognition, Speech analysis, Feature extraction, Hardware, Software systems, Vocoders, Data mining, Event detection, Decision making. Abstract: Experiments investigating adaptive pattern recognition in automatic speaker verification are reported. A binary decision confirming or rejecting a speaker's purported identity is required. The experiments involve 7000 phrase length utterances of 118 speakers. An average misclassification rate of one percent with a "no decision" rate of ten percent is obtained. Other experiments indicate that the utterances used for training purposes should preferably be collected over a relatively long period of time. |
17,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallelized Top-k Route Search with User's Preferences, and key words: Roads, Search problems, Parallel algorithms, Big Data, Task analysis, Aggregates. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the top-k route search with user's preferences. Specifically, given a set of POIs, our problem is to find k different routes from a source POI to a target POI such that the constraint on route cost and the POIs covered by the route can optimally satisfy the user-defined weighted feature preference. It has been shown that the problem is NP-hard. The challenge is how to select from plenty of POIs and construct an optimal route especially when the size of candidate POIs is large. In order to support top-k route search on a large dataset or with a looser budget constraint, we propose a parallel method on a single machine to speed up the search. Moreover, we adopt further effective pruning strategies to reduce the search space. The experimental results on real-world datasets show that our proposed parallel method is much efficient, about 10 times faster than the existing serial algorithm at best. |
17,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Architectural Decoration Mode Based on Internet of Things and Automation Technology, and key words: Industries, Heart, Information science, Automation, Mechatronics, Current measurement, Production. Abstract: In order to improve the intelligence of architectural decoration mode, a novel architectural decoration mode based on Internet of things and automation technology is proposed in this paper. Based on the Internet of things technology and automation technology, this model breaks the singleness of the traditional architectural decoration mode, can quickly and accurately obtain the information of the target consumer groups, and respond to the consultation of the consumer groups in a timely manner. The research results show that this model can not only improve the intelligence of architectural decoration, but also promote the development of architectural decoration mode in the direction of modernization and automation, fundamentally reduce the human and material resources spent on architectural decoration mode, and realize the construction of economical architectural decoration mode. |
17,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Access Solutions in Support of 5G and Beyond, and key words: 6G mobile communication, 5G mobile communication, Europe, Optical fiber networks, Low latency communication, Resilience. Abstract: This invited paper reviews existing and coming optical access architectures and technologies for 5G and beyond mobile communication networks such as x-haul transport with a focus on the resiliency and low latency requirements. |
17,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimating influence of data layout optimizations on SDRAM energy consumption, and key words: SDRAM, Energy consumption, Polynomials, Delay, Arithmetic, Bandwidth, Permission, Computer science, Data engineering, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: An important problem in extracting maximum benefits from an SDRAM-based architecture is to exploit data locality at the page granularity. Frequent switches between data pages can increase memory latency and have an impact on energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a mathematical formulation, using Presburger arithmetic and Ehrhart polynomials to-estimate the number of page breaks statically (i.e., at compile time). The results obtained using video codes indicate that the proposed framework can estimate the number of page breaks with good accuracy. |
17,105 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of drone thermal signature by convolutional neural network, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Training data, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks, Aircraft, Drones. Abstract: This paper presents the work on drone detection and identification using thermal infrared emission, which is primarily aimed towards night operation. Through both indoor and outdoor trials, the characteristics of the thermal signature emitted by a drone when captured by a drone detection system is examined, and their implications on a machine learning problem are studied. Thermal maps are processed through a YOLOv3 based CNN model to detect and generate a bounding box around the thermal signature of the drone. The presented approach also seeks to utilise the characteristics of drone motion for more effective drone detection through machine learning. |
17,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Solar Forecasting Method Using Satellite Visible Images and Modified Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Clouds, Satellites, Forecasting, Predictive models, Power systems, Weather forecasting, Correlation coefficient. Abstract: This paper proposes a new hybrid method to predict global horizontal irradiance (GHI) at temporal horizons of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, combining the satellite visible images and meteorological information. First, the satellite visible images are preprocessed to remove the diurnal effects caused by the solar zenith angle. Then the cloud cover factors are extracted from satellite visible images by using the modified convolutional neural network (CNN). After that, the GHI forecasting model is developed which is based on the combined use of meteorological information and cloud cover factors. The sensitivity of the prediction accuracy to a variety of CNN structures with different widths, depths, and pooling methods is also explored in the paper. Meanwhile, a cloud motion forecasting method using predicted wind speeds is developed. The forecasting skills of the proposed method for different time horizons are demonstrated by comparing with several benchmark models. |
17,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Auditable secure network overlays for multi-domain distributed applications, and key words: Prototypes, Public key, Virtual private networks, Data collection, Contracts, Overlay networks. Abstract: The push for data sharing and data processing across organisational boundaries creates challenges at many levels of the software stack. Data sharing and processing rely on the participating parties agreeing on the permissible operations and expressing them into actionable contracts and policies. Converting these contracts and policies into a operational infrastructure is still a matter of research and therefore begs the question how should a digital data market place infrastructure look like? In this paper we investigate how communication fabric and applications can be tightly coupled into a multi-domain overlay network which enforces accountability. We prove our concepts with a prototype which shows how a simple workflow can run across organisational boundaries. |
17,108 | Please write an abstract with title: Dominoes: An Interactive Exploratory Data Analysis Tool for Software Relationships, and key words: Tiles, Data mining, Graphics processing units, Tools, Feature extraction. Abstract: Project comprehension questions, such as “which modified artifacts can affect my work?” and “how can I identify the developers who should be assigned to a given task?” are difficult to answer, require an analysis of the project and its data, are context specific, and cannot always be pre-defined. Current research approaches are restricted to post hoc analyses over software repositories. Very few interactive exploratory tools exist since the large amount of data that need to be analyzed prohibits its exploration at interactive rates. Moreover, such analyses typically require the user to create complex scripts or queries to extract the desired information from data. Here we present Dominoes, a tool for interactive data exploration aimed at end users (i.e., project managers or developers). Dominoes allows users to interact with different types and units of data to investigate project relationships and view intermediate results as charts, tables, and graphs. Additionally, it allows users to save the derived data as well as their exploration paths for later use. In a scenario-based evaluation study, participants achieved a success rate of 86 percent in their explorations, with a mean time of 7.25 minutes for answering a set of (project) exploration questions. |
17,109 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification and spectral shaping seeded by a continuum generated in photonic band gap fiber, and key words: Optical pulse generation, Stimulated emission, Chirp, Optical pulse shaping, Pulse amplifiers, Photonic band gap, Ultrafast optics, Fiber lasers, Oscillators, Optical fiber amplifiers. Abstract: The combination of a femtosecond laser oscillator, a photonic band gap fiber and a nanosecond parametric amplifier makes it possible to propose a new tunable and spectrally shaped amplified laser source. |
17,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Similar Legal Cases on Personal Injury, and key words: Training, Law, Computational modeling, Semantics, Writing, Syntactics, Data models. Abstract: The Canadian case system is based on the principle of stare decisis and the concept that like cases should be decided alike. Each judge, when deciding a matter before him or her, selects the prior cases on which to rely. Recently researchers have begun exploring the use of legal text data to find similar cases to assist lawyers with legal research as well as to assist self-represented litigants with legal aid tools. Due to differences in writing style, verbosity, variation in feature importance, case complexity, and subjective bias in judgements, the analysis of legal text using computational models offers interesting challenges for computer scientists. In this study, we explore the problem of finding similar personal injury cases in which plaintiffs claimed compensation specifically for neck and/or back injuries. We extracted and pre-processed unlabeled legal text data and developed deep-learning models across three stages to gradually improve model performance. At each stage, the subset of results was evaluated and validated by a team of lawyers based on qualitative criteria, with the feedback used to refine the model at the next stage. The results demonstrate that semantic similarity between two cases does not ensure that they are legally similar, and artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques for analyzing legal text data can help detect legally similar cases. |
17,111 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method of Analysis of Symmetrical Four-Port Networks (Correspondence), and key words: Dielectrics, Frequency, Bandwidth, Permittivity, Maxwell equations, H infinity control, Planar waveguides, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: The following errors appeared in the above article. On page 248 the C term in the matrix for Fig. 11 should be j(-a²c²+2ac+a²-1). Also, on page 249 the term for T+- for the rat race ring should be T+- = -j/spl radic//bar 2/. |
17,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Covid Vaccination Analysis and Prediction using Machine Learning, and key words: COVID-19, Machine learning algorithms, Pandemics, Machine learning, Prediction algorithms, Vaccines, Advertising. Abstract: Since 2019 the world facing a critical situation known as pandemic and many suggested to go for lockdown. But that didn't work as the period was not ending and still continued. The vaccination could be the only practical solution for ending this pandemic situation. So it is essential that the detailed analysis of vaccination worldwide and it is very important than concentrating on the restrictions and creating awareness by advertising the scenario to the public. This paper analyzes vaccination status and suggests the vaccination distribution methods to be followed to end the lockdown soon by using machine learning techniques. Based on the proposed prophet algorithm, it is predicted that the people vaccinated per 100 would be increased to 97.12% with an accuracy of 98.51% and further lockdowns will not be necessary if the vaccination rate maintained as of now. |
17,113 | Please write an abstract with title: A Quasi-Elliptic Foot Trajectory Planning Approach Based on the Stochastic Linear Complementarity Problem for Electrical Quadruped Robots, and key words: Legged locomotion, Trajectory, Torque, DC motors, Energy consumption, Foot. Abstract: Energy efficiency has been the focus of the quadruped robots since the appearance of this field. Most approaches have focused on the quadrupedal mechanisms or the actuation like series elastic actuation (SEA). This work aims to develop an optimal energy efficiency method to plan a quasi-elliptic motion trajectory for the quadruped robots. The energy efficiency of the DC motors in the electric quadruped robot is formulated as an optimization problem. The Stochastic Linear Complementarity Problem (SLCP) and sinusoidal pulse force are proposed to minimize the energy loss at the impact collisions. The stability and energy efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified with the computer simulation. |
17,114 | Please write an abstract with title: A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Linear Optical Receiver in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS, and key words: Bandwidth, Linearity, Optical receivers, Gain, Power supplies, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Silicon germanium. Abstract: In this paper, we present a linear optical receiver for 112-Gb/s PAM-4 optical link. We propose a transimpedance front-end that optimizes thermal noise, power supply noise rejection, linearity and bandwidth altogether. The pseudo-differential structure is employed to achieve both low thermal noise and good power supply noise rejection. A transimpedance amplifier (TIA) gain control technique is proposed to improve linearity at both topology and transistor level while maintaining stability. An NIC-CTLE combo extends bandwidth with optimized frequency response. Designed in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS process, the receiver realizes 37 GHz total bandwidth and input-referred noise of 19.8 pA/√Hz. The transimpedance gain can vary from 70 dB Ω to 50 dBΩ, which enables maximum input overload current of 1.8 mApp with <; 5% THD at differential output swing of 600 mVpp. The receiver consumes 77mA from 3.3V supply. |
17,115 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient and Fast Reverse Buck Converter for High-Power Envelope-Tracking Systems, and key words: Radio frequency, Buck converters, Switching frequency, Power amplifiers, Switches, Voltage, Topology. Abstract: This paper presents an efficient and fast reverse buck converter targeting high-power envelope-tracking applications with up to 20MHz instantaneous bandwidth. The power stage is based on RF power GaN-HEMT technology. Operated from 40 V and switching at 80 MHz, a maximum output power of 125W is demonstrated for 82% duty cycle. The maximum overall efficiency including the switch driver losses is in the range of 91 % to 86 % for switching frequencies between 50 MHz and 110 MHz. The reverse buck converter is evaluated in terms of switching behavior, output filter characteristics, output voltage and efficiency, always considering that it is loaded with varying impedances under envelope tracking operation. |
17,116 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Approach to Image Indexing and Retrieval Using Haar Cascade and Perceptual Similarity Index, and key words: Indexing, Wavelet transforms, Image retrieval, Image color analysis, Histograms. Abstract: Image retrieval is a critical task in many fields such as indexing and Content-Based Image Retrieval is a tried and tested method for image retrieval. With advances in graphics and visualization techniques, image retrieval should be easy, quick and flexible. The aim of this work is to develop an efficient image indexing and retrieval system to collate similar images or images based on conditioned queries in the form of an image itself. The indexing method has been performed using wavelet transform and related mechanisms. Its detailing can easily entail description from a broad range to a narrow range. The indexing algorithm applies a Haar Wavelet-Based Perceptual Similarity Index (HaarPSI) for Image Quality Assessment. The HaarPSI utilizes the coefficients obtained from a Haar wavelet decomposition to assess local similarities between two images, as well as the relative importance of image areas. Results show that the algorithm used is able to retrieve and display images with high retrieval accuracy and medium relevance.The proposed methodology has been tested against known image retrieval techniques and was found to be comparable and in some cases better than most prior known techniques. The testing was performed on images of varied types, from multiple datasets and sizes. The accuracy was found to be 99% in most cases. All in all, this study introduces a simple and convenient way of offline image searches on desktop computers and provides a stepping stone to future content-based image retrieval systems built for similar purposes. |
17,117 | Please write an abstract with title: A highly-parallel VLSI architecture for a list sphere detector, and key words: Very large scale integration, Multiuser detection, Lattices, Maximum likelihood estimation, Maximum likelihood detection, Detectors, MIMO, Computer architecture, Australia, Maximum likelihood decoding. Abstract: Finding the nearest point in a lattice is an NP-hard problem for which we desire a simplified architecture. Furthermore, output of confidence measures or soft information is desirable for decoding/detection problems, yet generating such information further complicates the task. This paper presents an efficient and highly parallelisable architecture for a list sphere detector that is particularly suited to ASIC implementation. Various degrees of parallelism are explored and compared. This architecture finds application in multiuser and MIMO detectors, providing soft estimates of the transmitted symbols. |
17,118 | Please write an abstract with title: Timely Group Updating, and key words: Measurement, Source coding, Sociology, Information age, Statistics, Anomaly detection, Testing. Abstract: We consider two closely related problems: anomaly detection in sensor networks and testing for infections in human populations. In both problems, we have n nodes (sensors, humans), and each node exhibits an event of interest (anomaly, infection) with probability p. We want to keep track of the anomaly/infection status of all nodes at a central location. We develop a group updating scheme, akin to group testing, which updates a central location about the status of each member of the population by appropriately grouping their individual status. Unlike group testing, which uses the expected number of tests as a metric, in group updating, we use the expected age of information at the central location as a metric. We determine the optimal group size to minimize the age of information. We show that, when p is small, the proposed group updating policy yields smaller age compared to a sequential updating policy. |
17,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying variable-length meaningful phrases with correlation functions, and key words: Information retrieval, Clustering algorithms, Frequency, Algorithm design and analysis, Probability, Robustness, Performance analysis, Humans, Data mining, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Finding meaningful phrases in a document has been studied in various information retrieval systems in order to improve the performance. Many previous statistical phrase-finding methods had a different aim such as document classification. Some are hybridized with statistical and syntactic grammatical methods; others use correlation heuristics between words. We propose a new phrase-finding algorithm that adds correlated words one by one to the phrases found in the previous stage, maintaining high correlation within a phrase. Our results indicate that our algorithm finds more meaningful phrases than an existing algorithm. Furthermore, the previous algorithm could be improved by applying different correlation junctions. |
17,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Large-Scene Imaging Scheme for Geosynchronous Spaceborne-Airborne Bistatic SAR, and key words: GEO BiSAR, TOPS, azimuth multichannel, TSP, Omega-K, MTSP. Abstract: Geosynchronous (GEO) spaceborne-airborne bistatic SAR (GEO BiSAR) has wide transmitting beam coverage due to its high altitude of illuminator. In order to broaden the swath of receiver on airborne platform, Terrain Observation with Progressive Scan (TOPS) technique is introduced to the airborne receiver in this paper. Meanwhile, the azimuth multichannel technique is applied to suppress the undersampled ambiguity in Doppler frequency domain caused by the lower PRF of GEO BiSAR transmitter than the receiving beam footprint bandwidth. Firstly, the Doppler characteristics of echo from TOPS receiving are analyzed. Then, deramp the Doppler centroid and apply multi-channel reconstruction method to suppress the undersampled ambiguity. Afterwards, the Two-Step Processing (TSP) is adopted to eliminate the scan ambiguity. Finally, the data is focused in two-dimensional frequency domain based on Omega-K imaging algorithm for GEO BiSAR followed by a modified TSP (MTSP) processing to remove the azimuth aliasing. Simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
17,121 | Please write an abstract with title: A Case Study in Silicon Compilation Software Engineering, HVDEV High Voltage Device Layout Generator, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Silicon, Software engineering, Voltage, Programming, Layout, Application software, Software design, Power integrated circuits, Laboratories. Abstract: Philips Laboratories has developed HVDEV, a procedural language layout generator for compiling high voltage MOS device layouts from behavioral specifications. HVDEV is analyzed as a case study in silicon compilation software engineering. The paper formulates a comparative analysis to conventional layout design accounting for software development and maintenance. Critical factors in planning silicon compilation software development are identified. |
17,122 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel temperature-dependent large-signal model of heterojunction bipolar transistor with a unified approach for self-heating and ambient temperature effects, and key words: Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Semiconductor device modeling, Parameter estimation, Power bipolar transistors, Intermodulation distortion, Scattering parameters, UHF bipolar transistors, Microwave bipolar transistors. Abstract: A large-signal modeling of power heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is demonstrated for an accurate simulation of self-heating and ambient temperature effects and nonlinear behaviors such as output power, gain expansion, intermodulation distortion (IMD), and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). The physical relationship between the device current and the rate of change in the built-in potential with respect to the device temperature has been utilized for a fully electrothermal modeling. To enable an immediate use for a circuit design, the model extraction was done for in-situ output-stage device from two-stage power amplifier (PA) circuit. In each parameter extraction step, measurement data obtained under a consistent environment, which are current-voltage (I-V) at various temperatures and small-signal S-parameters under various bias conditions, have been carefully examined and utilized to relate the meaning of each parameter to the physical principle of the device. Measurements and simulations are compared for the verification of the model under dc condition at various temperatures. |
17,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Arnet: Attention-Based Refinement Network for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation, and key words: Deep learning, Convolution, Semantics, Random access memory, Labeling, Task analysis, Speech processing. Abstract: Semantic segmentation is a challenging task for computer vision which aims to classify the objects from the pixel level. Previous methods based on deep learning have made some progress but the labeling work is very time-consuming. Few-shot semantic segmentation can alleviate this problem. In this paper, we propose an Attention-based Refinement Network (ARNet) for few-shot semantic segmentation, which consists of three branches: the guidance branch, the segmentation branch and the refinement branch. The Residual Attention Module (RAM) can highlight the features from segmentation branch, giving a better guidance to refinement branch. And the Parallel Dilated Convolution Module (PDCM) in the end of refinement branch can refine the segmentation results. Experiments on PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset show that our model achieves a mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) score of 48.1% for one-shot segmentation and 49.1% for five-shot segmentation, outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 1.8% and 2.0%, respectively. |
17,124 | Please write an abstract with title: Weighted PCA space and its application in face recognition, and key words: Principal component analysis, Face recognition, Covariance matrix, Karhunen-Loeve transforms, Independent component analysis, Vectors, Pattern recognition, Computational modeling, Lighting, Linear discriminant analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new PCA based subspace approach for pattern recognition. The conventional PCA feature space is first converted to a WPCA feature space with unit variance by weighting the features and then face recognition is performed in the new space. Detailed theoretical derivation and analysis are presented and simulation results on AR and ORL face databases are given. The simulation results indicate that the proposed approach is superior to conventional PCA approach in recognition accuracy under the same computation complexity. |
17,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Position dependence of charge collection in prototype sensors for the CMS pixel detector, and key words: Prototypes, Collision mitigation, Detectors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Research and development, Protons, Bonding, Testing, Mesons, Hydrogen. Abstract: This paper reports on the sensor R&D activity for the CMS pixel detector. Devices featuring several design and technology options have been irradiated up to a proton fluence of 1/spl times/10/sup 15/ n/sub eq//cm/sup 2/ at the CERN PS. Afterward, they were bump bonded to unirradiated readout chips and tested using high energy pions in the H2 beam line of the CERN SPS. The readout chip allows a nonzero suppressed full analogue readout and therefore a good characterization of the sensors in terms of noise and charge collection properties. The position dependence of signal is presented and the differences between the two sensor options are discussed. |
17,126 | Please write an abstract with title: Face Anti-Spoofing Based on Dynamic Color Texture Analysis Using Local Directional Number Pattern, and key words: Support vector machines, Databases, Image color analysis, Face recognition, Lighting, Probabilistic logic, Feature extraction. Abstract: Face anti-spoofing is becoming increasingly indispensable for face recognition systems, which are vulnerable to various spoofing attacks performed using fake photos and videos. In this paper, a novel “LDN-TOP representation followed by ProCRC classification” pipeline for face anti-spoofing is proposed. We use local directional number pattern (LDN) with the derivative-Gaussian mask to capture detailed appearance information resisting illumination variations and noises, which can influence the texture pattern distribution. To further capture motion information, we extend LDN to a spatial-temporal variant named local directional number pattern from three orthogonal planes (LDN- TOP). The multi-scale LDN- TOP capturing complete information is extracted from color images to generate the feature vector with powerful representation capacity. Finally, the feature vector is fed into the probabilistic collaborative representation based classifier (ProCRC) for face anti-spoofing. Our method is evaluated on three challenging public datasets, namely CASIA FASD, Replay-Attack database, and UVAD database using sequence-based evaluation protocol. The experimental results show that our method can achieve promising performance with 0.37% EER on CASIA and 5.73% HTER on UVAD. The performance on Replay-Attack database is also competitive. |
17,127 | Please write an abstract with title: (Portable) Low-cost electroencephalogram (EEG) Recorder for Brain computer-interface (BCI), and key words: Electroencephalography, Visualization, Feature extraction, Digital filters, Light emitting diodes, Steady-state, Electrodes. Abstract: This empirical work discusses a development and design of portable electroencephalogram (EEG) as standalone device, which is suitable used in field of brain computer-interface (BCI). General system includes the electroencephalogram (EEG) amplifier with filters, and data acquisition as communications channel between human brains and machine. The platform is included a stimulator controller and two foremost part that treatment with gathering data online as well as offline to analysis. The main goal of this design is creating a standalone portable device which is compatible with brain computer-interface (BCI) and independently extraction and analysis based on signal processing, in addition can be self-regulating by controlled or changed the visual of brain stimulus. Preliminary outcome results are dependent on empirical studies of close/open subject's eyes via exploring brain rhythms, also extract the alpha brainwave using external LEDs stimuli. The brainwave based on steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) is evaluated in this study and indicate a comprehensive functionality with sturdiness of designed system. This design provides the eligibility to develop as portable of brain interactive-device. |
17,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient and Robust High-Level Synthesis Design Space Exploration through offline Micro-kernels Pre-characterization, and key words: Predictive models, Libraries, Kernel, Tools, Finite impulse response filters, Interpolation, Space exploration. Abstract: This work proposes a method to accelerate the process of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) Design Space Exploration (DSE) by pre-characterizing micro-kernels offline and creating predictive models of these. HLS allows to generate different types of micro-architectures from the same untimed behavioral description. This is typically done by setting different combinations of synthesis options in the form or synthesis directives specified as pragmas in the code. This allows, e.g. to control how loops should be synthesized, arrays and functions. Unique combinations of these pragmas leads to micro-architectures with a unique area vs. performance/power trade-offs. The main problem is that the search space grows exponentially with the number of explorable operations. Thus, the main goal of efficient HLS DSE is to find the synthesis directives' combinations that lead to the Pareto-optimal designs quickly. Our proposed method is based on the pre-characterization of micro-kernels offline, creating predictive models for each of the kernels, and using the results to explore a new unseen behavioral description using compositional methods. In addition, we make use of perceptual hashing to match new unseen micro-kernels with the pre-characterized micro-kernels in order to further speed up the search process. Experimental results show that our proposed method is orders of magnitude faster than traditional methods. |
17,129 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for self-optimizing grids using P2P components, and key words: Peer to peer computing, Computer architecture, Redundancy, Electronic mail, Condition monitoring, Software systems, Software algorithms, Large-scale systems, Resource management, Collaboration. Abstract: We present the framework of a new grid architecture based on the peer-to-peer and the component paradigms. In our architecture, several peer-to-peer components are loosely coupled or even independent from each other. Components affect others indirectly by monitoring the system, recognizing changes caused by other components' actions, and by issuing own actions. This approach is generic and open for future extensions. It allows to design scalable, self-optimizing, and resilient grid systems that have no single point of failure. A component is a distributed software system that uses a peer-to-peer algorithm to achieve its goal. The peer-to-peer paradigm was invented for large, voluntary PC networks. We apply this concept to the field of self-optimizing grid systems and show how this new architecture can be deployed in the domain of data management. Here, various management aspects like replica creation, placement, access optimization, synchronization, etc. are cooperatively solved in separate peer-to-peer component layers. All components run concurrently. Each of them optimizes the system with respect to its goals. This separate optimization process performed by the interaction of small, manageable components yields similar or even better results, while being less complex than the holistic approach that tries to optimize the system in one step. |
17,130 | Please write an abstract with title: The use of the fractional Fourier transform with coded excitation in ultrasound imaging, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Fourier transforms, Biomedical imaging, Spatial resolution, Chirp modulation, Image resolution, Radar imaging, Sonar, Signal processing, Frequency modulation. Abstract: Medical ultrasound systems are limited by a tradeoff between axial resolution and the maximum imaging depth which may be achieved. The technique of coded excitation has been used extensively in the field of RADAR and SONAR for some time, but has only relatively recently been exploited in the area of medical ultrasound. This technique is attractive because allows the relationship between the pulse length and the maximum achievable spatial resolution to be changed. The work presented here explores the possibility of using the fractional Fourier transform as an effective means for the processing of signals received after the transmission of linear frequency modulated chirps. Results are presented which demonstrate that this technique is able to offer spatial resolutions similar to those obtained with a single cycle duration signal. |
17,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Dielectric resonator method for measurement of parameters of laminated dielectrics at millimeter waves, and key words: Millimeter wave measurements, Dielectric measurements, Millimeter wave technology, Dielectric substrates, Surface resistance, Permittivity measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Dielectric loss measurement, Loss measurement, Copper. Abstract: The measurement method for permittivity, loss tangent and surface resistance of inner and outer side of metal layer of laminated dielectric substrates for millimeterwave devices is considered. The results of measurement of substrate dielectric parameters and surface resistance of free and dielectric covered copper foil at 36-45 GHz are presented. |
17,132 | Please write an abstract with title: The Robotics and the Role on Agricultural Industry in the Philippines, and key words: Productivity, Agricultural robots, Service robots, Spraying, Agriculture, Complexity theory, Robots. Abstract: In the agricultural sector, robotics has the potential to address the challenges faces by modern agriculture such as labor reduction because of aging, and avoid the use of chemicals that may cause of environmental pollution. Agricultural robotics covers a wide range of applications from automated data scouting at a different stage of crop growth, an intercultural operation and selective harvesting. Robot may replace job in some fields, but in agricultural robot it resolved a labor shortage and help to increase agricultural productivity. However, the diffusion of technology is necessary to change the farmer's perspective to adopt the technology. The Philippines is still far behind, in agricultural advancement due to the complexity of the system in the country. Likewise, the country can move and compete globally if the country policies and program in agriculture such as AFMA and PDP 2017-2022 will strictly be implemented and measure. |
17,133 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple CATR Reflector System for 5G Radio Resource Management Measurements, and key words: Antenna measurements, Radio frequency, Performance evaluation, Three-dimensional displays, 5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave measurements, Reflector antennas. Abstract: This paper presents a novel method using multiple compact antenna test range (CATR) reflectors to fulfill the Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements required for 5G devices capable of beam-forming in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range. Four CATR reflectors are arranged on a vertical semi-circle with the device under test on a 3D positioner in the center of the intersection of four planar waves in order to generate five sets of Angular spreads, thereby capable of simulating multiple base-stations from different directions for mobility procedures and radio link monitoring of a 5G mmWave device. The reflectors create farfield conditions at the device under test so that large quiet zones of up to 30 cm in diameter can be measured in a compact setup. Measurements are performed with both CW and modulated signals in order to demonstrate the applicability of a multiple-CATR setup for simulation of multiple base-station RRM test scenarios. |
17,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Developments of the Calibation Tools for Beam Position Monitor at J-PARC Linac, and key words: Monitoring, Linear particle accelerator, Structural beams, Calibration, Stripline, Azimuth, Ducts, Shape, Magnets, Testing. Abstract: In the J-PARC LINAC, there are mainly two requirements for calibration of beam position monitors (BPMs). One is that BPMs need to be calibrated with the accuracy of less than about a hundred micrometers to minimize beam loss for the world highest class of proton intensity. The other is that about a hundred of BPMs need to be calibrated and maintained consistently. To achieve these requirements, the calibration tools are being developed. During development, experiences on real beam in a MEBT line set for the DTL commissioning are utilized. The status of the development of calibration tools is described in this paper. |
17,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Combined data-driven and event-driven scheduling technique for fast distributed cosimulation, and key words: Discrete event simulation, Circuit simulation, Frequency synchronization, Hardware, Clocks, Embedded system, Parallel processing, Brain modeling, Data communication, Backplanes. Abstract: Fast distributed cosimulation is a challenging problem for embedded system design. The main theme of this paper is to increase the simulation speed by reducing the frequency of intersimulator communications, reducing the active duration of simulators, and utilizing the parallelism of component simulators. Those enhancements are accomplished by a proposed virtual synchronization technique, which combines event-driven and data-driven simulation methods. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can boost the cosimulation speed significantly compared with previous conservative approaches. |
17,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Generating UML models from domain patterns, and key words: Unified modeling language, Software engineering, Conference management, Engineering management, Application software, Bismuth. Abstract: The development of a family of applications in a domain can be greatly eased if patterns in the domain are systematically reused. Systematic use of such patterns can be achieved by tools that support the specification of patterns and their instantiation in a specific application context. In this paper, we present a prototype tool called RBML-Pattern Instantiator (RBML-PI) that generates application-specific UML class diagrams and sequence diagrams from a pattern specification described in the Role-Based Metamodeling Language (RBML), a pattern specification language defining a domain-specific sub-language of the UML. We give an overview of the RBML using the Visitor design pattern, and demonstrate the tool using an RBML specification for the CheckIn-CheckOut (CICO) domain pattern that specifies services to check in and check out items. We use the CICO pattern specification to generate an application-specific UML model of a library system using RBML-PI. |
17,137 | Please write an abstract with title: HRCenterNet: An Anchorless Approach to Chinese Character Segmentation in Historical Documents, and key words: Image segmentation, Text recognition, Object detection, Big Data, Feature extraction, Data models, Character recognition. Abstract: The information provided by historical documents has always been indispensable in the transmission of human civilization, but it has also made these books susceptible to damage due to various factors. Thanks to recent technology, the automatic digitization of these documents are one of the quickest and most effective means of preservation. The main steps of automatic text digitization can be divided into two stages, mainly: character segmentation and character recognition, where the recognition results depend largely on the accuracy of segmentation. Therefore, in this study, we will only focus on the character segmentation of historical Chinese documents. In this research, we propose a model named HRCenterNet, which is combined with an anchorless object detection method and parallelized architecture. The MTHv2 dataset consists of over 3000 Chinese historical document images and over 1 million individual Chinese characters; with these enormous data, the segmentation capability of our model achieves IoU 0.81 on average with the best speed-accuracy trade-off compared to the others. Our source code is available at https://github.com/Tverous/HRCenterNet. |
17,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Sufficient conditions for time optimality of systems with control on the disk, and key words: Switches, Trajectory, Minimization, Jacobian matrices, Mechanical systems, Manifolds. Abstract: The case of time minimization for affine control systems with control on the disk is studied. After recalling the standard sufficient conditions for local optimality in the smooth case, the analysis focusses on the specific type of singularities encountered when the control is prescribed to the disk. Using a suitable stratification, the regularity of the flow is analyzed, which helps to devise verifiable sufficient conditions in terms of left and right limits of Jacobi fields at a switching point. Under the appropriate assumptions, piecewise regularity of the field of extremals is obtained. |
17,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Efficiency Map-Enabled UAV Trajectory Planning, and key words: CNN-LSTM, mobile ground receiver, secure efficiency map (SEM), spectrum-energy efficiency, trajectory planning, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Abstract: This letter investigates the dynamic changes of security and efficiency in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground network with a mobile UAV transmitter, a mobile ground receiver, and a fixed eavesdropper, respectively. To provide communication services with high security, spectrum efficiency, and energy efficiency, a concept of secure efficiency map (SEM) is devised and proposed to plan the UAV trajectory. Specifically, the security-efficiency index of each subarea in a certain area for a certain time slot is firstly calculated. Then, given that the security-efficiency index is time-varying, and CNN-LSTM network can effectively extract data features and accurately reflect time correlation, we take multiple SEMs drawn from the observed security-efficiency indices as the input of the CNN-LSTM network, and output future SEMs. Thirdly, based on predicted future SEMs, an SEM-enabled UAV trajectory planning scheme is further presented to jointly improve security and efficiency of the considered communication network. Finally, simulation results confirm the proposed SEM-enabled UAV trajectory planning scheme achieves a superior joint optimization of security, spectrum efficiency, and energy efficiency to other UAV trajectory planning schemes. |
17,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Demo: Using Smartphone and Optical Mouse to Enhance Web Interaction, and key words: Pervasive computing, Conferences, Friction, Web pages, Optical receivers, Mice, Hardware. Abstract: This demo shows example applications of the MousePath system-a novel approach to leverage optical mouse to enhance the web interaction on general PCs. MousePath works as a lightweight and ubiquitous bridge to convey information between the co-located smartphone and desktop web pages. MousePath consists of two major entities, the MousePath transmitter and the MousePath receiver. The MousePath transmitter is an app running on the user's smartphone. The MousePath receiver is a web script offered by the webserver and running in the web browser on the PC. MousePath works by putting the optical mouse on top of the smartphone's screen, and its transmission is then started and instantly finished without association and login frictions. Its core mechanism is encoding data into the movement of the smartphone's display content and using the optical mouse of the computer to sense the movement for decoding. This demo illustrates MousePath in two practical scenarios: general message sharing, e.g., sharing a URL/password from smartphone to PC's web, and hardware interface sharing, e.g., making smartphone sensor accessible for PC's web. |
17,141 | Please write an abstract with title: A Poincaré Image-Based Detector of ECG Segments Containing Atrial and Ventricular Beats, and key words: Image segmentation, Sensitivity, Annotations, Databases, Detectors, Electrocardiography, Picture archiving and communication systems. Abstract: An electrocardiogram (ECG) classifier for the detection of ECG segments containing atrial or ventricular (A/V) beats could ease in the detection of premature atrial complexes (PACs) and by so, the study of their relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. In this work such a classifier is presented based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the RR and dRR interval representation on Poincaré Images. Two PhysioNet open-source databases containing beat annotations were used. ECG signals were divided into 30-beat segments with a 50% overlap. Each segment was then transformed into a Poincaré Image. A total of 381151 and 62142 Poincaré Images were computed for normal (N) and A/V segments. RR, dRR and both types of Poincaré Images combined were evaluated as inputs to the CNN. The CNN was trained following a patient-wise train-test division (i.e., no patient was included both in the train and test set) in a 10-fold cross-validation. The patient-wise median and interquartile range accuracy, sensitivity and positive predictive values were 97.90 (94.49 - 99.28), 96.03 (89.67 - 98.76) and 91.91 (70.87 - 99.24), respectively for RR input. No statistical significant differences in performance were found among the three types of Poincaré Images input. Results suggest the present methodology manages to distinguish among N and A/V with high precision. |
17,142 | Please write an abstract with title: ViEmBot: An Empathetic Voicebot System for the Vietnamese Language, and key words: Manuals, Chatbots, Pattern recognition. Abstract: In this article, we introduce ViEmBot, a voicebot system that can interact and express empathy with humans in the Vietnamese language. Compared with current voicebot systems or virtual voice assistants that support Vietnamese, ViEmBot has several outstanding differences. First, the Bot module of ViEmBot was trained on the UIT-VED-27K dataset, the first Vietnamese empathetic-dialogues dataset. Second, ViEmBot can distinguish personal pronouns in Vietnamese and respond with appropriate pronouns, which is a common practice in Vietnamese culture. This makes ViEmBot sound more natural and friendlier than other voicebot systems that apply the same personalized pronoun responses in all situations. Third, ViEmBot can understand the content and emotion of the human and respond with appropriate emotional verbal responses to empathize with the human speaker. |
17,143 | Please write an abstract with title: A Single-Phase Grid Interfaced SRM Driven Irrigation Pump Using Vienna Rectifier for Power Quality Improvement, and key words: Irrigation, Reactive power, Power quality, Rectifiers, Transportation, Switched reluctance motors, Power system harmonics. Abstract: This paper presents a study focused on the solar-based switched reluctance motor (SRM) irrigation pump drive with a grid-support through a single-phase Vienna rectifier. Vienna rectifier is a unidirectional active power flow-controlled AC-DC converter with improved power quality. In this work, a hysteresis current controller (HCC) based Vienna control is used to draw grid current with minimum harmonics while maintaining the unity power factor (UPF) condition. Besides this, Vienna rectifier offers a three-level balanced DC voltage at the output with minimum ripple content, suitable for mid-point converter feeding the balanced supply to all the phases of SRM. The employed Vienna control ensures the grid-side power quality parameters follows the IEEE-519 recommendations throughout the operation and facilitates rated water discharge irrespective to the environmental conditions. The obtained results suggest that Vienna rectifier-based grid-interference provides an effective and reliable solution for solar fed irrigation pumps in compliance with the power quality norms. |
17,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracking and erosion resistance of RTV silicone rubber: effect of filler particle size and loading, and key words: Particle tracking, Rubber, Insulation life, Polymers, Silicon compounds, Thermal conductivity, Surface resistance, Electric resistance, Materials testing, Arc discharges. Abstract: In this study the effect of filler particle size and concentration on the tracking and erosion resistance of silicone rubber loaded with silica and alumina tri-hydrate (ATH) as fillers has been investigated. Samples with different filler particle size and concentrations were tested in an inclined plane tracking and erosion resistance test apparatus. The loss of material is linked with the power dissipated by the fundamental and harmonic components, due to dry band arcing. The results show that smaller particle sizes and higher percentages of fillers, up to 50%, improve the tracking and erosion resistance of silicone rubber. |
17,145 | Please write an abstract with title: A simple program for synthesizing British English, and key words: Speech synthesis, Laboratories, Synthesizers, Concurrent computing, Steady-state, Costs, Testing, Information systems, Prosthetics, Sensory aids. Abstract: A procedure for synthesizing British English has been developed which incorporates certain economies at little apparent cost in intelligibility, and introduces some rules for allophones which improve quality. Tests are reported with intelligibility around 90 percent, and improvements suggested for the major sources of errors. The assumptions in the procedure for synthesizing speech by rule both summarize and suggest research on fundamental aspects cf speech, and thus constitute a model for some aspects of speech production and speech perception. |
17,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Planning expected-time optimal paths for searching known environments, and key words: Path planning, Random variables, Robot sensing systems, Combinatorial mathematics, Calculus, Density functional theory, Mobile robots, Probability density function, Art, Costs. Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of finding time optimal search paths in known environments. In particular, the task is to search a known environment for an object whose unknown location is characterized by a known probability density function (pdf). With this formulation, the time required to find the object is a random variable induced by the choice of search path together with the pdf for the object's location. The optimization problem is to find the path that yields the minimum expected value of the time required to find the object. We propose a two layered approach. Our algorithm first determines an efficient ordering of visiting regions in a decomposition that is defined by critical curves that are related to the aspect graph of the space to be searched. It then generates locally optimal trajectories within each of these regions to construct a complete continuous path. We have implemented this algorithm and present results. |
17,147 | Please write an abstract with title: A Voronoi-Based User-Centric Cooperation Scheme in Cell-Less Architecture, and key words: Measurement, Base stations, Simulation, Computer architecture, Interference, Probability, Throughput. Abstract: Along with the dramatic rising of data rate, user-centric network (UCN) is regarded as a promising concept. However, densely deployed same-frequency small base stations (SBSs) in UCN deteriorates the user performance. Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) is an important technique for alleviating inter-cell interference. In this paper, to combat the severe interference, we proposed a user-centric cooperation scheme-Voronoi CoMP in a cell-less architecture. In this scheme, users are assigned their own clusters of SBSs respectively and the clusters for different users are not overlapped. This CoMP structure ensures that each user served by the base stations which are the closest ones of all SBSs to it and this will maximize the useful power of each user and in the meantime minimize the interference. The numerical results and simulations show that the proposed CoMP scheme can indeed promote the performance of dense small cell network (DSCN) corresponding to the designed metrics. |
17,148 | Please write an abstract with title: SoC-based Digital Twin of Power System Simulation, and key words: Digital twin, Computational modeling, Power system simulation, Computer architecture, Hardware, Power systems, Safety. Abstract: Modern power system because of its high voltage, high power characteristics, makes the hardware experiment with certain safety risk and grid security risks. As a more complex simulation method, digital twins are more extensive in time scale compared with the traditional power system simulation, and more frequent in data interaction with the real system. Digital twins can be applied in power systems in a variety of ways. But at present, the application of digital twin still stays on the application of the whole product life cycle. This paper proposes a new real-time interactive power system simulation architecture based on the digital twin, and set up an electric power system based on SoC platform of digital twin, PL part has set up a twin body for the electric power system, the PS part compare the difference between the twin body and the actual body and then modify the twin body. It also provides the control part which is consistent with the hardware control logic. The platform is lightweight, economical, heterogeneous and compatible with a variety of computing tasks, rich interfaces and strong expansibility. This paper provides a framework for the application of digital twins in power system and provides the platform with rich application value. |
17,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization and Implementation of Adaptation Rate in VVC, and key words: Video coding, Probability, Encoding, Information and communication technology, Computational complexity, Standards, Optimization. Abstract: The emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard adopts two estimators to particle the probability, which is flexible and efficient. However, it causes enormous computational complexity. In this work, a fast adaptive rate selection algorithm in the CABAC of VTM is proposed. First, based on the size of the coding block, a bit scan instruction algorithm is proposed to initialize the adaptation rate. In addition, a bitwise operation based on the coding bits of CU is presented to reduce computational performance. The experimental results show that the fast method we proposed can reduces the computational complexity of the current VTM to about 99.0% of the coding time of the video reference condition test. |
17,150 | Please write an abstract with title: Height effect on nucleation-site activity in microchannel convective boiling, and key words: Microchannel, Heat pumps, Water heating, Boundary conditions, Heat sinks, Micromachining, Etching, Temperature, Power measurement, Hysteresis. Abstract: Forced convection boiling in microchannels is studied experimentally under uniform heat flux boundary condition. Several microchannel heat sinks, ranging in height between 5 and 20 /spl mu/m, have been fabricated using standard micromachining techniques with nucleation sites varying in size etched at the channels bottom surface. The heat flux was provided by a heater integrated at the device back side, while constant water flow rate was supplied by a syringe pump. Boiling curves of device temperature as a function of the input power have been measured for a variety of conditions. The points corresponding to the onset of nucleate boiling and critical heat flux (CHF) are clearly distinguishable. Furthermore, the boiling curves for increasing and decreasing heat flux exhibit a hysteresis loop. The activity of the nucleation sites is found to depend on the channel height. The critical size, above which nucleation sites are active, increases exponentially with the microchannel height, asymptotically approaching a theoretical value. |
17,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Beyond the perimeter: the need for early detection of denial of service attacks, and key words: Computer crime, Availability, Intrusion detection, Traffic control, Computer security, Authentication, Law, Legal factors, Communication system traffic control, Application software. Abstract: The threat to organisations from network attacks is very real. Current countermeasures to denial of service (DoS) attacks rely on the perimeter model of network security. However, as the case study and analysis in this paper make apparent, the perimeter model, which relies on firewalls and intrusion detection systems, is unable to provide an effective defence against DoS attacks. Therefore, there is a need for a new approach; one that identifies an attack beyond the perimeter. We present such an approach. We achieve early detection of DoS attacks by the identification of traffic signatures which indicate that an attack is underway. As these signatures can be identified 'outside' the perimeter, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent the attack from succeeding. We use examples of DoS attacks and a case study to demonstrate the applicability of our approach. |
17,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Stabilization of High-Order Sliding Mode Dynamics With Lower-Triangular Structure, and key words: Uncertainty, Control system synthesis, Stability analysis, Lyapunov methods, Nonlinear control systems, Variable structure systems. Abstract: In this paper, the finite-time stabilization problem of high-order sliding-mode (HOSM) dynamics with lower-triangular structure is addressed. A new HOSM algorithm is proposed by means of the adding a power integrator technique. The proposed HOSM algorithm has two distinct features. First, the algorithm only requires that the mismatched uncertainties in the sliding mode dynamics satisfy some homogeneous growth conditions and thus removes the assumption that they should be sufficiently smooth. Second, for the matched uncertainties, the algorithm relaxes the constant upper bound assumptions adopted by most of the existing HOSM methods to the state-dependent hypotheses. Furthermore, the Lyapunov theory is utilized to establish the finite-time stability of the proposed HOSM algorithm. Finally, the validity of the proposed finite-time HOSM control method is demonstrated by simulation results. |
17,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised and Cost-Effective Learning: Dynamically Expose Anomaly Devices, and key words: Performance evaluation, Home appliances, Webcams, Scalability, Heuristic algorithms, Authentication, Feature extraction. Abstract: The defect detection may be crucial issues when monitoring a large number of IoT devices, such as webcams, home appliances, and computers. The malfunctioned issues, disconnection or powerless, are obvious to detect intuitively, but slightly abnormal devices are ambiguous to define and possibly leads to critical sabotage. In the worst situation, abnormal behavior may be caused by device hijacking and authentication breaking. Our research utilizes unsupervised learning approach to distinguish those ambitious behavior with dynamical algorithm. The result shows how to quickly explore suspicious targets within large numbers of devices with cost-effectiveness computation. |
17,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Clusters extracted from measured propagation channels in macrocellular environments, and key words: Propagation delay, Antenna measurements, Antennas and propagation, Direction of arrival estimation, Acoustic scattering, Diffraction, Azimuth, Buildings, Antenna arrays, Reflection. Abstract: The urban physical propagation environment around the mobile station is often described as a multipath environment, where power is received through diffractions over rooftops and building corners, reflections from walls and scattering in general from other surrounding objects. Since there are only finite number of these scatterers, the waves are received in clusters each originating from one of the scattering sources. To study these scatterers, direction-of-arrival data measured along continuous routes in two small macrocellular environments were analyzed. Multipaths received with approximately the same directions and delays were combined as clusters. Therefore each of the clusters corresponds to the signal received from one scatterer. This paper focuses on both the identification of the physical scatterers in the surrounding environment and studying the radio wave propagation in more detail, including the amount of significant scatterers in terms of contributed power, XPR values, and delay and azimuth spreads of the individual clusters. The results show that there are only a few dominant scatterers. They were usually building corners and walls, and building structures over the rooftop level. The delay and azimuth spreads inside the clusters were small, and depolarization was almost negligible. Both propagation over the rooftop level and propagation along the street canyons were significant in the considered environments. |
17,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental test of dense WDM using novel, periodic-group-delay-complemented dispersion compensation and dispersion managed solitons: transmission to beyond 20,000 km, and key words: Testing, Wavelength division multiplexing, Solitons, Channel spacing, Frequency, Timing jitter, Propagation delay, Optical fiber devices, Numerical simulation, Technology management. Abstract: We have demonstrated 10 G dense WDM over >20,000 km by using dispersion-managed solitons with a novel periodic-group-delay dispersion compensation that causes drastic reduction of collision-induced timing jitter. |
17,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Wide-Band Stripline Circulators by Integral Equation Technique, and key words: Wideband, Stripline, Circulators, Integral equations, Boundary conditions, Performance analysis, Frequency, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave circuits, Green function. Abstract: The analysis of wide-band Y-junction stripline circulators using Green's function method was reported in the literature. In this paper, similar analyses are performed using an integral equation method and the results are compared. The boundary conditions used in the analyses are also discussed. A new boundary condition representing the actual fields more precisely than previously is formulated and applied to the junction. The results obtained with the new boundary conditions are examined and compared with the previous theoretical and experimental results. The current and voltage distributions that are created at the ports under the assumed boundary conditions are calculated and compared with the known stripline and junction modes. In the formulation, it is observed that the Green's function is not unique and it can be selected from a certain class of functions. This arbitrariness is introduced into the formulation by means of a complex parameter C/sub 0/. The effect of this parameter on the numerical results is investigated and it is shown that in certain regions of the complex C/sub 0/ plane, the numerical results converge on the analytical results. |
17,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Summary of Research on Digital Pulse Collection and Analysis Technology, and key words: Pressure sensors, Pulse measurements, Modems, Sensor systems, Physiology, Pressure measurement, Signal analysis. Abstract: Pulse diagnosis is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine's four examinations: looking, smelling, asking, and cutting. The pulse signal can reflect the health of the human body's internal haslets. With the development of information technology, the emergence of various pulse collection equipment and analysis algorithms provides a broad platform for the development of digital Chinese medicine. This article summarizes the currently commonly used pulse collection and analysis techniques, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various collection and analysis methods, and finally proposes the improvement direction for the current research status, which provides a reference for the objectification of TCM diagnosis. |
17,158 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Task Offloading in NOMA-MEC System, and key words: NOMA, Multi-access edge computing, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Reinforcement learning, Computer architecture, Sensors. Abstract: Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been regarded as a promising paradigm for increasing the computing capacity of mobile devices (MDs) by offloading tasks to edge servers. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a critical multiple access technique that allows many MDs to transmit on the same resource block simultaneously. Attracted by the enormous benefits of combining NOMA and MEC, we investigate the dynamic computation offloading in a multi-device multi-server NOMA-MEC system. We consider the partial offloading policy such that MDs can offload a portion of the task to the edge server for execution. To minimize the overall computation delay and energy consumption, we formulate a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem to jointly optimize edge server selection and offloading task ratio. Solving the optimization problem with a discrete-continuous hybrid action space is not straightforward since most existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are only applicable to discrete or continuous action spaces. We present the hybrid advantage actor-critic (HA2C) approach, which employs an actor-critic architecture consisting of two par-allel actor networks and a critic network, to tackle this problem. Specifically, the discrete actor and continuous actor networks based on deep neural networks (DNNs) determine MEC server selection and offloading ratio, respectively. The critic network evaluates the current state value, and the advantage function is computed for the discrete and continuous network parameter updates. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to conventional DRL algorithms that convert the hybrid action space into a unified homogeneous action space. |
17,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Beneficial and non-Beneficial Bacteria using Random Forest Algorithm, and key words: Microorganisms, Shape, Microscopy, Tools, Feature extraction, Water pollution, Production facilities. Abstract: Contaminated water released from factories and other sources leads to the production of harmful bacteria, which at a later stage could lead to dangerous diseases. Classification and detection of bacteria should be carried out. It is known from the literature review that this can be done by using test tube testing, microscope model, spectrum light using spectroscope, but it is more costly, not affordable everywhere, complex and takes longer to achieve results. So, unlike other models, by using an efficient algorithm suitable for the system, an image processing system can be efficient and successful in producing results very quickly, with not much of a hassle in the process. By extracting its multiple features such as scale, shape, texture, color, size and other characteristics such as arrangement of the hair around her body, classification will be performed over images. The framework extracts the characteristics and categorizes the type of bacteria that can be understood whether or not it is a beneficial bacterium for humans and nature. |
17,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Sources Powered Electric Vehicle Configuration and Integrated Optimal Power Management Strategy, and key words: Hybrid electric vehicles, Batteries, Mechanical power transmission, Intelligent transportation systems, Energy management, Traction motors, Fuel economy. Abstract: Internal Combustion Engine based transportation rapidly increases the impact on the environment. The burning of fossil fuels in the industries and transportation sector breadth of global warming. However, Hybrid Electric Vehicle is not a permanent solution for emission-less road vehicles. Therefore, electric vehicles are the most feasible technologies to attain the goals of energy savings and zero-emission road vehicles. This paper sequentially surveys the key point of vehicles like; Powertrain strategy, configuration, fuel economy, reduced emission, and control strategy expounds in terms of its basic principles, pros, and cons. These key points make the energy management strategy more conclusive for the more efficient vehicle. In addition, this paper review systematically qualitative and quantitative algorithm in all type of EMS used in HEV and compare them with existing approaches in terms of pros & cons through a comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, addressed the potential research gap and provide the directives for further development in power train and ems in every respect. |
17,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving human essential protein prediction using only protein sequences via ensemble learning, and key words: Proteins, Protein engineering, Costs, Codes, Conferences, Predictive models, Biomedical measurement. Abstract: Accurate prediction of essential proteins by using computational methods can effectively reduce the cost of wet-lab experiments. Existing computational methods usually rely on constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks with different kinds of biological data. However, high-quality PPI networks and other biological data are not available for all proteins. Thus, it is very necessary and valuable to develop accurate methods for fast and effective prediction of essential proteins by using only protein sequences. We propose EPGBDT, a machine learning ensemble model, to improve the performance of essential protein prediction by using only protein sequences. EP-GBDT has an ensemble structure that combines multiple Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) base classifiers. In addition, to reduce the effects of imbalanced dataset, EP-GBDT uses a sampling technique. The results show that EP-GBDT outperforms state-of-the-art sequence-based methods and network-based centrality measures. The source code and datasets can be downloaded from https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/EP-GBDT. |
17,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Optimization Algorithm of Air Positioning Radio Frequency Interference, and key words: Interference, Safety, Aircraft, Optimization, Monitoring, Radiofrequency interference, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Air positioning radio frequency interference is an efficient and quick interference monitor method used to purify the aviation electromagnetic environment and ensure the safe operation of civil aviation. Firstly this paper introduces the air direction finding system based on Adock Watson-Watt methods, and analyzes the technology roadmap of positioning radio frequency interference in flight. On this basis, compared with the existed air positioning methods, it proposes to use the K-means algorithm to optimize the interference source positioning result to get rid of positioning errors caused by aircraft maneuvering and errors of direction finding antenna array. |
17,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Keyword Extraction from Biomedical Documents Using Deep Contextualized Embeddings, and key words: Performance evaluation, Technological innovation, Biological system modeling, Bit error rate, Benchmark testing, Predictive models, Feature extraction. Abstract: Due to the rapidly increasing amount of biomedical publications, it has become challenging to follow scientific articles and new developments. Keywords in scientific articles provide a quick understanding and summarize the important points of the context. When keywords are not used in some biomedical articles or are not sufficient to express the content of the text, automatic keyword extraction systems are needed. This paper addresses the keyword extraction problem as a sequence labeling task where words are represented as deep contextual embeddings. We predict the keyword tags identified in sequence labeling by fine-tuning XLNET and BERT-based models such as BERT, BioBERT, SCIBERT, and RoBERTa. Our proposed method does not need extra dictionaries required by rule-based methods and feature extraction as in traditional machine learning methods. Performance evaluation on the benchmark dataset for biomedical keyword extraction shows that domain-specific contextualized embeddings (BioBERT, SciBERT) achieve state-of-the-art results compared to the general domain embeddings (BERT, RoBERTa, XLNET) and unsupervised methods. |
17,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting Ho–Kalman-Based System Identification: Robustness and Finite-Sample Analysis, and key words: Markov processes, Covariance matrices, Complexity theory, Trajectory, Data models, Task analysis, Robustness. Abstract: Weconsider the problem of learning a realization for a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system from input/output data. Given a single input/output trajectory, we provide finite time analysis for learning the system’s Markov parameters, from which a balanced realization is estimated using the classical Ho–Kalman algorithm. By proving a robustness result for the Ho–Kalman algorithm and combining it with the sample complexity results for Markov parameters, we show how much data are needed to approximate the balanced realization of the system up to a desired accuracy with high probability. |
17,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust facial expression recognition using local binary patterns, and key words: Robustness, Face recognition, Pattern recognition, Image resolution, Image recognition, Feature extraction, Data mining, Statistics, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification. Abstract: A novel low-computation discriminative feature space is introduced for facial expression recognition capable of robust performance over a rang of image resolutions. Our approach is based on the simple local binary patterns (LBP) for representing salient micro-patterns of face images. Compared to Gabor wavelets, the LBP features can be extracted faster in a single scan through the raw image and lie in a lower dimensional space, whilst still retaining facial information efficiently. Template matching with weighted Chi square statistic and support vector machine are adopted to classify facial expressions. Extensive experiments on the Cohn-Kanade Database illustrate that the LBP features are effective and efficient for facial expression discrimination. Additionally, experiments on face images with different resolutions show that the LBP features are robust to low-resolution images, which is critical in real-world applications where only low-resolution video input is available. |
17,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Maximization of L1-norm Using Jacobi Rotations, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Independent component analysis, Signal processing, Approximation algorithms, Robustness. Abstract: In recent years, we observe a growing interest in approaches to principal component analysis (PCA) based on L1-norm maximization. Unfortunately, existing L1-PCA algorithms are either computationally expensive or inaccurate. In this paper, we propose to use Jacobi-based rotational framework for solving L1-norm maximization problem. Under this framework, two new suboptimal algorithms are developed: the first one based on exhaustive angle search, and the second one based on a differentiable approximation of the absolute value function. Experimental studies show that the proposed approaches provide high accuracy as compared to the existing suboptimal algorithms. They are also considerably faster than currently the most accurate method based on bit-flipping. Simulation results show that both approaches can be used to perform independent component analysis (ICA) under whitening assumption achieving better robustness to outliers than other methods. |
17,167 | Please write an abstract with title: In-line defect reduction from a historical perspective and its implications for future integrated circuit manufacturing, and key words: Integrated circuit manufacture, Inspection, Integrated circuit yield, Substrates, History, Metallization, Manufacturing processes, Integrated circuit technology, Paper technology, Sampling methods. Abstract: The enormous progress in integrated circuit manufacturing over the last 30 years would have been impossible without the science of yield enhancement and defect reduction. This paper traces the evolution of this science, reviewing the history of defect inspection tooling, the practices developed for finding root causes of defects, yield modeling techniques, and important defectivity issues for current generation copper and low-K dielectric metallization. Based on the historical perspective and current status of yield enhancement technology, the paper anticipates future developments required to extend yield learning to sub-0.1-/spl mu/m technology generations. |
17,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Reality: Definitions, Characteristics and Applications in the Workplace, and key words: Virtual environments, Stereo image processing, Mechanical sensors, Industries, Visualization, Head-mounted displays, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: In the context of the Factory of the Future, industries are implementing a number of technologies to improve their production, and to be more innovative and competitive. Virtual reality is one of these technologies. This chapter introduces this technology and explains how it can be used, both generally and in industries. It defines virtual reality from three angles: its purpose, its potential functionalities and its technical characteristics. Virtual reality systems are computer systems that include various peripherals. These are referred to as devices and can be classified in four categories: display devices; motion and position capture devices; proprioceptive and cutaneous feedback devices; and sound input and presentation devices. Each of these device categories is discussed. The final parts of this chapter are devoted to the applications of virtual reality. |
17,169 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Analysis of Query-Constrained Video Summarization Techniques, and key words: Measurement, Analytical models, Computer vision, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Standards. Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the literature available in the field of query-constrained video summarization. For the sake of concision, five of the more recent, prominent research works have been explored. This research work will dive deep into the datasets used by each of the models, concerning their preparation methods, scale, description, and comparison. Next, the methodologies associated with each of these papers covering their models used, metrics employed, and draw parallels between them are described. The ablation analyses among model variants are discussed to gauge the importance of specific features in each paper. Finally, a description of each model's metric results has been provided for a quantitative comparison among the models, built on some standard metrics described by each of these papers. |
17,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear-discrete data systems extension of the known sector of stability, and key words: Data systems, Stability, Difference equations, Nonlinear equations, Environmental factors, Medical control systems, Nonlinear control systems, Process control, Control systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: A simple and elegant method for widening the domain of stability of nonlinear sampled-data systems to an appreciable extent is presented. The order of the difference equation is artificially increased in order to examine the behavior of the system in the time domain for a longer duration than indicated by the dynamics of the system. The utility of some of the well-known methods can be considerably enhanced by the technique described here. The method is illustrated by several examples, some of which are difficult to solve by the existing methods. |
17,171 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D statistical facial reconstruction, and key words: Image reconstruction, Signal processing, Image analysis, Signal analysis, Buildings, Computed tomography, Image processing, Shape, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: The aim of craniofacial reconstruction is to produce a likeness of a face from the skull. Few works in computerized assisted facial reconstruction have been done in the past, due to poor machine performances and data availability, and major works are manual reconstructions. In this paper, we present an approach to build 3D statistical models of the skull and the face with soft tissues from 3D CT scans. This statistical model is used by our reconstruction method to produce 3D soft tissues from the skull of one individual. Results on real data are presented and are promising. |
17,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Coherent Grant-Free Massive IoT Access for mMTC: An Index Modulation Perspective, and key words: Performance evaluation, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency modulation, OFDM, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Sensors. Abstract: The grant-free non-coherent index-modulation (NC-IM) has been recently emerging as an efficient embedded information transmission scheme for massive machine-type communications without channel state information, especially for cost-efficient Internet-of- Things (IoT) devices with small data packets. In this paper, we combine the grant-free NC-IM with OFDM for overcoming frequency-selective channel fading. Specifically, each device is allocated with a unique signature sequence codebook and active device transmits one of its signature sequences in each subcarrier. Information is embedded in the index of the transmitted signature sequence. By exploiting the structured sparsity of the equivalent channel matrix in the spatial domain and the common device activity in the subcarrier domain, we propose an efficient space-frequency joint activity and blind information detection algorithm with significantly improved device activity and embedded information detection performance. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art algorithms. |
17,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Recess-type waveguide integrated germanium on silicon avalanche photodiode, and key words: Sensitivity, Receivers, Avalanche photodiodes, Dynamic range, Germanium, Silicon, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We demonstrate a recess-type Ge on Si WGAPD receiver with 106Gb/s PAM4 overload >0dBm and unstressed/stressed sensitivities of -18.9/18dBm, which provides about 19dB dynamic range for 100Gb/s per lane applications. |
17,174 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.0 to 6.7GHz Two Stage Wideband LNA Using Source Follower Feedback in CMOS Technology, and key words: Wideband, Impedance matching, Bandwidth, Noise figure, Gain, CMOS technology, Inductors. Abstract: A two-stage wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) using source-follower feedback (SFF) is presented. A novel approach using a combination of asymmetrical inductive peaking and SFF is used to alleviate the trade-off between input matching and noise figure, thus making more space for design. A peaking inductor in the gate of the NMOS in the first stage is added to resonate with the capacitance of the node, resulting better input matching. In addition, a second stage is added to widen gain bandwidth using inductive load. Simulated in TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology for 1-6.7 GHz, voltage gain of 12.5 dB and a NF of 2.2dB over the 3-dB bandwidth is achieved. The LNA consumes 9.3 mW from a 1.8 V supply. |
17,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Short term electricity price probability density prediction based on qrlstm algorithm in spot market, and key words: Simulation, Neural networks, Estimation, Probability density function, Predictive models, Probability, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Aiming at the prediction problem of electricity price in the spot market environment, a prediction method of probability density of short-term electricity price based on quantile regression long-term short-term memory neural network (QRLSTM) was proposed. Firstly, the input matrix was constructed by considering the correlation factors of electricity price, and then the LSTM model was used to forecast at different sub-points. At 80% prediction interval, point prediction results are extended to interval prediction, and the probability density function is obtained by kernel density estimation. In this method, Adam random gradient descent method is used to estimate the input, forgetting, memory and output parameters of LSTM network under different quantile conditions, and the probability density function of each time node electricity price within 168 hours in the next seven days is obtained. The simulation results of actual electricity price data of PJM-RTO nodes on PJM website show that the proposed method can obtain complete probability density function prediction results of electricity price of a single node. Compared with fully connected neural network quantile regression and GRU quantile regression, it has higher accuracy and smaller prediction range under the same prediction interval, and has good performance in continuous grading probability score, pinball loss function and Winkler score. |
17,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Collaborative Edge Computing in Vehicular Networks, and key words: Task analysis, Servers, Collaboration, Reliability, Processor scheduling, Edge computing, Computational modeling. Abstract: Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising technology to support mission-critical vehicular applications, such as intelligent path planning and safety applications. In this paper, a collaborative edge computing framework is developed to reduce the computing service latency and improve service reliability for vehicular networks. First, a task partition and scheduling algorithm (TPSA) is proposed to decide the workload allocation and schedule the execution order of the tasks offloaded to the edge servers given a computation offloading strategy. Second, an artificial intelligence (AI) based collaborative computing approach is developed to determine the task offloading, computing, and result delivery policy for vehicles. Specifically, the offloading and computing problem is formulated as a Markov decision process. A deep reinforcement learning technique, i.e., deep deterministic policy gradient, is adopted to find the optimal solution in a complex urban transportation network. By our approach, the service cost, which includes computing service latency and service failure penalty, can be minimized via the optimal workload assignment and server selection in collaborative computing. Simulation results show that the proposed AI-based collaborative computing approach can adapt to a highly dynamic environment with outstanding performance. |
17,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Modal symmetry for coupled photonic crystal waveguides, and key words: Photonic crystals, Optical waveguides, Electromagnetic waveguides, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Transmission line matrix methods, Electromagnetic scattering, Bandwidth, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical diffraction. Abstract: The symmetry properties of the modes of coupled waveguides in two-dimensional photonic crystals are investigated. We find that, in contrast to conventional waveguides, the fundamental mode can be either even or odd |
17,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Identification and Awakening of the Phenomenon of “Sleeping Beauty” in Educational Technology, and key words: Computers, Educational technology, Object recognition, Indexes. Abstract: Sleeping beauty articles refers to the articles that were not widely recognized at the beginning of publication because of its advance, so they were “sleeping”, and then were suddenly cited in large numbers, which showed as “awakened”. The study of sleeping beauty articles is of great significance to find out the development context of the discipline and promote the development of it. In this study, all the articles since the inception of Computers & Education as the research object, using the BCP nonparametric index to identify the sleeping beauty articles, and analyze the reasons for sleeping and awakening of the identified sleeping beauty articles. It is found that there are great differences in the sleeping beauty articles awakened at different stages; The development of technology is the most direct reason for sleeping beauty articles sleeping and awakening in the field of educational technology; The awakening of sleeping beauty articles is also be affected by the development of relevant teaching theories. |
17,179 | Please write an abstract with title: A note on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, and key words: Reduced order systems, Power system modeling, Optical wavelength conversion, Control system synthesis, Interconnected systems, Fission reactors, Power system stability, Adaptive control, Large-scale systems, MIMO. Abstract: An example belonging to the category where the first entry in a certain row of the Routh array vanishes is presented. The well-known ε-method ceases to be applicable in this example. |
17,180 | Please write an abstract with title: Versioning systems for evolution research, and key words: Open source software, Software performance, Software systems, Informatics, History, Computer industry, CD recording, DVD, Programming, Information retrieval. Abstract: Research in evolution goes on par with the use of versioning systems by developers of the case studies. There is a great diversity of versioning systems with advantages and disadvantages both from the technical as well as from the conceptual point of view. In this paper we analyze the currently used versioning systems from the point of view of a software evolution researcher. Thus we do not focus on whether a certain versioning system is technically better than another one, but rather on what kind of information it offers for software evolution research. We present a non-exhaustive list of dimensions that are important for performing research in software evolution, do a survey on the current main-stream versioning systems and discuss what is actually needed for future versioning systems to support both software evolution and the related research field. |
17,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Bus Protection, and key words: Circuit faults, Impedance, Voltage, Low voltage, Lightning, Insulation, Generators. Abstract: The loss of a single bus affects whether the generation is bottled up, whether transmission between voltage levels is reduced or whether normal load transfers via transmission or distribution lines are prohibited. High voltage buses are always protected with some form of differential protection. The biggest problem facing differential protection has always been and is the performance of current transformers (CTs) for of out‐of‐zone faults. Many transmission stations operating at lower system voltages such as 115 kV nominal are commonly designed and built to what is known as a ring bus arrangement. Primary bus protection must always be instantaneous due to the severity of the fault. It must also be secure from operating for external bus faults. Digital bus relays all use similar methods to provide stability for external bus faults with severely saturating CTs. Bus differential protection must connect in parallel all the CTs on the feeder egress side of the feeder breakers. |
17,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Cardiac MRI Segmentation With a Dilated CNN Incorporating Domain-Specific Constraints, and key words: Image segmentation, Training, Kernel, Myocardium, Convolutional neural networks, Markov random fields. Abstract: Semantic segmentation of cardiac MR images is a challenging task due to its importance in medical assessment of heart diseases. Having a detailed localization of specific regions of interest such as Right and Left Ventricular Cavities and Myocardium, doctors can infer important information about the presence of cardiovascular diseases, which are today a major cause of death globally. This paper addresses the problem of semantic segmentation in cardiac MR images using a dilated Convolutional Neural Network. Opting for dilated convolutions allowed us to work in full resolution throughout the network's layers, preserving localization accuracy, while maintaining a relatively small number of trainable parameters. To assist the network's training process we designed a custom loss function. Furthermore, we developed new augmentation techniques and also adapted existing ones, to cope for the lack of sufficient training images. Consequently, the training set increases not only by amount, but by substance as well, and the network trains quickly and efficiently without overfitting. Our pre- and post-processing steps are also crucial to the whole process. We apply our methodology for the Right and Left Ventricles (RV, LV) and also the Myocardium (MYO) according to the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) with promising results. Submitting our algorithm's predictions to the Post-2017-MICCAI-challenge testing phase, we achieved similar scores (average Dice coefficient 0.916) on the test data set compared to the state of the art featured in the ACDC leaderboard, but with significantly fewer parameters than the leading method. Our approach outperforms other methods featuring dilated convolutions in this challenge up until now. |
17,183 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient optimization technique for task matching and scheduling in heterogeneous computing systems, and key words: Processor scheduling, Concurrent computing, Distributed computing. Abstract: A new optimization technique, the genetic annealing algorithm (GAA), is proposed to solve the task matching and scheduling problem in a heterogeneous computing system. The GAA is simple in design; it employs only the stir operation, a novel idea with the annealing concept, to locate optimal solutions. Experimental evaluation shows that compared with the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and guided evolutionary simulated annealing approaches, the GAA yields constantly favorable performance in terms of speedup, running time, cost and complexity. |
17,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating Extreme Over-Frequency Events Using Dynamic Response From Wind Farms, and key words: HVDC transmission, Frequency control, Schedules, Power system dynamics, Frequency response, Generators, Power system stability. Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for the design of over-frequency containment schemes in low inertia, high renewable systems. This methodology is demonstrated through the comprehensive redesign of the containment scheme for significant over-frequency events (e.g., the loss of an exporting HVDC interconnector) in the Ireland and Northern Ireland power system (All-Island System). The new scheme allows an existing synchronous generator runback system integrity protection scheme to be replaced with fixed wind tripping and dynamic response from wind. This exploits the capabilities of renewable generation to create effective protection and control resources. The methodology provides the steps required to determine the key parameters of the scheme (e.g., maximum allowable frequency, required volume of tripping, lowest trip frequency). A key consideration of the methodology is the volume of dynamic response from wind that can be deployed before frequency limits are violated (e.g., inertia and wind penetration). Dynamic simulations are performed in DSE Tools for the All-Island system considering a 2020 operational scenario. These simulations support the application of the methodology and demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme designed for the All-Island system. |
17,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Embeddings for Categorical Variables, and key words: Encoding, Matrix decomposition, Natural language processing, Semantics, Machine learning, Syntactics, Standards. Abstract: Real-world data sets often contain both continuous and categorical variables yet most popular machine learning methods cannot by default handle both data types. This creates the need for researchers to transform their data into a continuous format. When no prior information is available, the most widely applied methods are simple ones such as one-hot encoding. However, they ignore many possible sources of information, in particular, categorical dependencies, which could enrich the vector representations. We investigate the effect of natural language processing techniques for learning continuous word-vector representations on categorical variables. We show empirically that the learned vector representations of the categorical variables capture information about the variables themselves and their dependencies with other variables similar to how word embeddings capture semantic and syntactic information. We also show that machine learning models using unsupervised categorical embeddings are competitive with supervised embeddings, and outperform them when fine-tuned, on various classification benchmark data sets. |
17,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverse Imaging with Generative Priors Via Langevin Dynamics, and key words: Inverse problems, Conferences, Superresolution, Stochastic processes, Imaging, Signal processing, Speech processing. Abstract: Deep generative models have emerged as a powerful class of priors for signals in various inverse problems such as compressed sensing, phase retrieval and super-resolution. Here, we assume an unknown signal to lie in the range of some pre-trained generative model. A popular approach for signal recovery is via gradient descent in the low-dimensional latent space. While gradient descent has achieved good empirical performance, its theoretical behavior is not well understood. In this paper, we introduce the use of stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) for compressed sensing with a generative prior. Under mild assumptions on the generative model, we prove the convergence of SGLD to the true signal. We also demonstrate competitive empirical performance to standard gradient descent. |
17,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Risk-Constrained Bidding Strategy for Demand Response, Green Energy Resources, and Plug-In Electric Vehicle in a Flexible Smart Grid, and key words: Smart grids, Uncertainty, Power generation, Indexes, Optimal scheduling. Abstract: The flexibility of smart grids has become an important issue due to the increasing penetration of uncertain energy resources, such as renewable as well as virtual power plants in the smart grids. Flexibility sources, such as demand response (DR) programs and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), can help the smart grid to be more productive. Although the renewable power plants are considered as flexible tools, they are somehow uncertain by themselves. In this article, the uncertainty of power generation of renewable resources has been resolved by incorporating the DR programs and PEVs. A stochastic decision making model for the coordinated operation of renewable resources and some virtual power generation is presented to solve a risk-constrained optimal bidding strategy for a smart grid. The participation of DR and PEV aggregators in the day-ahead market is considered. The uncertainty in day-ahead prices associated with renewable power generation is discussed throughout this article. As a well-known measure, the conditional value at risk is employed in the model to cope with all aforementioned uncertainties. Numerical studies and result analysis show that the expected profit of these resources is increased and the related risk is reduced significantly. |
17,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Writability of perpendicular recording heads, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Magnetic heads, Permeability, Soft magnetic materials, Saturation magnetization, Magnetic flux leakage, Finite element methods, Magnetic flux, Magnetic materials. Abstract: A comparative analysis of the writability of trailing pole (TP) and leading pole (LP) writers on double-layer perpendicular media was done by three-dimensional finite-element method modeling. The writability of the writers was estimated by a maximal strength of effective write field that was defined by the Stoner-Wohlfarth model. The LP writer revealed a weaker perpendicular but stronger longitudinal component of the write field and bigger write angle. The longitudinal component and write angle minimize the difference in writability between the two writer designs. The writers showed a different writability dependence on initial permeability and saturation flux density of a soft magnetic keeper. An increase of the keeper permeability improves the writability of the TP writer but marginally affects performance of the other. Modeling results suggest that the LP writer might outperform the writer with the TP if the keeper permeability is below 100. The TP writer did not show a noticeable sensitivity to the saturation flux density of the keeper in a range from 10 to 24 kG. The writability of the LP writer decreases monotonically with the saturation flux density of the keeper. Received results imply that the TP and LP writers might have different requirements to properties of the keeper material. |
17,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Simulation Analysis of a Novel Single-stage Electromagnetic Needle Selector, and key words: Analytical models, Conferences, Pulse width modulation, Needles, Finite element analysis, Electromagnetics, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Needle selector is an executive component of computerized flat knitting machine used to implement needle selection control. It is found that there are problems of missed and wrong selection in the actual working process. In this paper, a novel single-stage electromagnetic needle selector with E-type structure was designed by using ANSYS Maxwell. And PWM control technology was applied to the excitation driving circuit of this needle selector. The analysis and experiment show that the new needle selector can effectively reduce the occurrence of wrong and missed needle selection, and also save the material cost. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of the product process and driving module of the needle selector, and better practical application value. |
17,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Research of Federated Learning Application Methods and Social Responsibility, and key words: Federated learning, Privacy, Security, Transfer learning, Data models, Big Data, Training. Abstract: Federated learning is a multi-party distributed machine learning system that allows each participant to complete the training task without their data out of the locality. The real meaning of the realization of data availability is invisible to protect personal privacy and data security. Although some institutions need to obtain their data's benefit by sharing their own data sets, the potential trust risks lead to the data not being better utilized cooperatively. In addition,regulatory requirements on data computing and sharing are different in various countries. These contribute to enormous challenges in the actual application of federated learning. In this research, we make a comprehensive review of the application patterns of federated learning in different fields. Then, we illustrate the social responsibilities of federated learning from four dimensions, including compliance application, system security mechanism, the trust mechanism, and ethical security. Finally, based on the current characteristics and regulatory requirements of federated learning, we discuss the future research directions for federated learning. |
17,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Motor Direct-drive High-voltage Circuit Breaker Servo Mechanism Path Dynamic Planning Method, and key words: Shafts, Circuit breakers, Power system dynamics, Rotors, Synchronous motors, Permanent magnet motors, Planning. Abstract: The motor direct-drive high-voltage circuit breaker improves the controllability and reliability of the circuit breaker equipment, in order to further enhance the service life of the circuit breaker and the protection capability of the power system under safe operating conditions, this paper proposes a motor direct-drive high-voltage circuit breaker moving contact path dynamic planning method. First, based on the direct-drive three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor high-voltage circuit breaker operating mechanism, geometric modeling analysis of its transmission mechanism, to establish the geometric relationship between the motor shaft and the circuit breaker moving contact. Then, the method of calculating the optimal move trajectory of the moving contact and the optimal motion curve of the motor shaft according to the actual position and limiting conditions of the breaker’s moving contact is elaborated in detail, and the corresponding simulation comparison is given. Finally, the proposed method is experimentally studied in the prototype platform, and the effects of the proposed method and the traditional preset curve method on the motion of the circuit breaker’s moving contact are analyzed and compared. The results show that the proposed dynamic planning method of the circuit breaker moving contact path can be based on the actual position of the moving contact, combined with control indicators and system limits real-time planning of the optimal track of the moving contact, the engineering realization is simple, compared to the preset curve method can effectively shorten the running time, and improve the service life of the circuit breaker, motor direct-drive high-voltage circuit breaker efficient dynamic control is a feasible and effective path planning strategy. |
17,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Link Prediction Model for Opportunistic Networks Based on Feature Fusion, and key words: Feature extraction, Predictive models, Hidden Markov models, Network topology, Deep learning, Indexes, Topology. Abstract: Link prediction is a hot issue in the research of network evolution. The existing methods employ a stacked structure, which feeds captured topology information into a time series model. However, the structure introduces network noise that affects the accurate extraction of temporal features and reduces the prediction accuracy. Motivated by feature fusion methods in the Computer Vision (CV), we introduce a link prediction model based on attentional feature fusion (AFF-LP), which automatically extracts network features through Deep Learning. The proposed model leverages the self-attention mechanism to extract the topological and temporal features respectively. Moreover, the network features are fused based on a graph-level representation. With the help of a vector mapping model, the feature vectors are mapped to the future network topology. Three real opportunistic network datasets, ITC, MIT and Infocom06, are used for experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed model is more accurate and stable compared to other baseline methods. |
17,193 | Please write an abstract with title: A UHF band quasi-circular-polarization patch antenna design for RFID smart metal-shelf applications, and key words: Antenna measurements, Slot antennas, Patch antennas, Printed circuits, UHF measurements, UHF antennas, Gain measurement. Abstract: A UHF band quasi-circular-polarization patch antenna design for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) smart metal-shelf applications was presented in this article. The proposed antenna was implemented to be a two-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure with a 296.5 mm $\times$ 210 mm $\times$ 13.1 mm jointly with dual-cross slots to operate at 902 MHz-928 MHz. The orthogonal V-shape feeding structure is introduced to increase isolation of antennas. The measured results @ 912 MHz indicate that the radiated gain is 5.91 dBi and 3 dB beamwidth is 74 ° $\times$ 74 °. The features of quasi-circular-polarization is also clearly shown. Experimental results are shown to verify the validity of theoretical work. |
17,194 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low-cost Fresnel Lens Fluorometer to Detect Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water in Realtime, and key words: Lasers and electrooptics, Fluorescence, Water pollution, Fresnel reflection, Electrooptical waveguides, Contamination, Lenses. Abstract: We report the detection of tryptophan at sub-ppb levels for a fluorometer based on Fresnel lenses and low-cost electronics. These fluorometers can be used to detect fecal contamination in drinking water, indicated by tryptophan-like fluorescence. |
17,195 | Please write an abstract with title: Test results of the SeaKeepers ocean sensor module on remote platforms, and key words: Testing, Oceans, Sea measurements, Biosensors, Image sampling, Satellites, Marine vehicles, Extraterrestrial measurements, Sensor systems, Payloads. Abstract: The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the nonprofit International SeaKeepers Society have adapted the SeaKeepers Ocean Sensor Module (OSM) to NDBC platforms and data collection systems. The reason for this effort was to develop a low maintenance system for oceanographic data collection and transmission from remote platforms. The OSM has been integrated into a 3-meter buoy and underwent nine months of dockside testing for performance and durability of the electronics and antifoulant system and to verify the quality of the data. It was deployed in the Gulf of Mexico near buoy station 42007 for verification of that station's meteorological data. Test results have shown that the OSM and antifoulant system performed well in remote, harsh conditions. The results are presented in this paper. |
17,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Upstream-Downstream Optimization of Volt-Var Control in Smart Grids, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Reactive power control, Reactive power, Technological innovation, Heuristic algorithms, Inverters, Smart grids. Abstract: With the invention of smart inverters, customer-owned PV systems have the potential to support voltage and reactive power control. These inverters can inject reactive power into the network to reduce losses and ensure an adequate voltage profile for all the buses in the system. This work proposes an upstream-downstream optimization approach for volt-var control (VVC) integrating the action of traditional grid equipment and smart inverters. The proposed algorithm is based on dynamic programming concepts and is validated in a 136-bus test system. The results show that the proposed VVC can successfully reduce such voltage levels to suitable operating levels. |
17,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualizing coordination in situ, and key words: Data visualization, Lenses, Management information systems, Computer science, User interfaces, Chromium, Software engineering, Software design, Visual databases, Environmental management. Abstract: Exploratory visualization environments allow users to build and browse coordinated multiview visualizations interactively. As the number of views and amount of coordination increases, conceptualizing coordination structure becomes more and more important for successful data exploration. Integrated metavisualization is exploratory visualization of coordination and other interactive structure directly inside a visualization's own user interface. This paper presents a model of integrated metavisualization, describes the problem of capturing dynamic interface structure as visualizable data, and outlines three general approaches to integration. Metavisualization has been implemented in improvise, using views, lenses, and embedding to reveal the dynamic structure of its own highly coordinated visualizations. |
17,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Cost Sensor Based Hand Washing Solution for COVID-19 Prevention, and key words: COVID-19, Performance evaluation, Technological innovation, Program processors, Costs, Microcontrollers, Infectious diseases. Abstract: One of the most effective solutions in the preventive endeavors for infectious diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic is the application of frequent hand washing. In developing countries, there are several low cost touch-free hand washing solutions involving the use of foot operated mechanisms. However, the use of embedded processors in the design of automatic electronic systems to provide convenience and smarter solutions has in recent times gained unique attention globally. In this paper, we employed an Arduino based microcontroller as processor and ultrasonic based distance sensors to implement a touch-free hand washing mechanism. The microcontroller processes received sensor signals and sends desired command signals to operate two DC motors. A DC pump and servo motor are used to facilitate simple yet effective dispensation of water and soap respectively without any physical contact with the user. The simulation of the developed system was performed with Proteus. The system is also experimentally verified to meet the desired design requirements. |
17,199 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Novel Bidirectional AC-DC Converter Circuit of the Wireless Charging for Portable Devices, and key words: High frequency, Topology, Inverters, Rectifiers, RLC circuits, Inductive charging, Switches. Abstract: In this paper, a novel symmetrical topology for the small power high frequency bidirectional AC-DC converter has been proposed, which is applied to the bi-directional wireless power transmission system based on the magnetic coupling resonance. It has dual functions of the inverter and rectifier. The research is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, based on analyzing the principle of the wireless power bidirectional transmission technology, the operation mechanism of the topology circuit is analyzed emphatically. Second, the feasibility of the designed converter is verified by the simulation of the PSPICE software. Third, the hardware system has been operated at 200 kHz in the modes of the constant current, the constant voltage and the constant resistance, respectively. The results show the maximal output power of the designed circuit is 7.8 W, meeting the design requirement. This circuit has the advantages of the simple circuit structure and simple control. It's suitable for the bidirectional wireless power charging of the small power portable devices. |
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