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17,300 | Please write an abstract with title: HRSE: A novel high-speed random sampling encryption scheme on big data, and key words: Data privacy, Conferences, Big Data, Reservoirs, Encryption. Abstract: The security and privacy protection of big data have attracted lots of attentions in recent years. The volume characteristic of big data puts forward the higher requirements in terms of encryption speed and processing performance. Existing data encryption schemes usually bring huge computing overhead, and it is difficult to guarantee the confidentiality of big data. In this paper, we propose an improved random sampling encryption scheme, which can realize a high-speed random sampling encryption and provide sufficient security for big data. A comprehensive evaluation, including security analysis and efficiency analysis, is presented to show the security and feasibility of the proposed scheme. |
17,301 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Prekeying-Based Integrity Protection for Smart Grid Communications, and key words: Protocols, Phasor measurement units, Smart grids, Substations, IEC Standards, Security. Abstract: In this article, we propose a prekeying-based integrity protection mechanism for critical smart grid communications that are often left unprotected due to tight timing constraints. Our mechanism computes the key for the next message in advance followed by a simple exclusive-or operation with the message when it is generated. This provides both integrity and confidentiality at a very low latency cost. The rigorous security analysis shows that the proposed method is secure against cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and message replay attacks. The extensive evaluation shows that the method is up to 21 times faster than standard integrity protection algorithms, and can do the message encryption in under 1 ms even on a very low-end microcontroller. |
17,302 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization and prediction of hydrogen consumption for a fuel cell stack used as backup energy source in a DC microgrid, and key words: Regulators, Hydrogen, Fuel cells, Microgrids, DC-DC power converters, Germanium, Batteries. Abstract: In this paper the optimization and prediction of hydrogen consumption for a fuel cell (FC) stack used as backup energy source in a DC microgrid is approached. Power Tracking Control (PTC) is used for the FC stack to generate as much power as needed to compensate for the power flow balance on the DC bus of the DC microgrid (DCmG). Hydrogen consumption optimization will be implemented using an objective function that mixes fuel efficiency and electrical efficiency. The prediction can be made using the linear relationship between fuel consumption and load that was found for each PTC-based optimization strategy. This prediction implemented in DCmG helps the DCmG management system to ensure the hydrogen supply of the FC stack taking into account the fuel remaining in the tank by supplying or by powering the available electrolyzers. |
17,303 | Please write an abstract with title: Receiver architectures for UWB-based transmit-only sensor networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Packet switching, Circuits, Costs, Receivers, Tin, Transmitters, Ultra wideband technology, Radio link, Robustness. Abstract: We are interested in designing a low-cost, ultra-wide-band (UWB) sensor network, that consists of a large number of sensor nodes (SNs), which sense the environment and transmit the resulting data via a wireless radio link to so-called cluster heads (CHs). We focus on low-cost transmit-only SNs; the resulting uncoordinated multiuser-access causes packet collisions. To improve the robustness to packet collision, we propose two novel low-complexity noncoherent receiver architectures: (i) the adaptive CH receiver (CHR) that receives only packets whose signal strength is larger than an adaptive threshold; and (ii) the switching CHR that allows the focus to be switched from a packet of a given SN to a packet from another SN with higher signal strength. Using simulations, we show that the number of received packets during burst periods can be dramatically increased with the adaptive CHR, and even more so with the switching CHR. |
17,304 | Please write an abstract with title: A classification of reliable multicast protocols, and key words: Multicast protocols, Internet, Taxonomy, Scalability, Application software, Unicast, Telecommunication network reliability, Linear predictive coding, Communication system control, Data communication. Abstract: The range of user requirements on multicast protocols is so wide that no single protocol will ever satisfy them. The set of multicast protocols can be classified using the user requirements, and the architectures, mechanisms, communications patterns, and policies used to satisfy these requirements. We provide such a classification, and illustrate it with several example protocols chosen to cover the range of features described. |
17,305 | Please write an abstract with title: Information Processing and Digital Communications in a Modular Satellite, and key words: Satellites, Protocols, Information security, Information processing, Aerospace electronics, Signal processing, Digital communication. Abstract: Modular satellites have gained popularity lately. Typically, they comprise an onboard computer and many subsystems that continuously communicate via specific protocols and exchange information. The satellite also communicates with the Ground Station upon contact. The onboard computer manages all information processing and digital communication. This work describes the types of data and the protocols that govern communications within a modular satellite and communication with the Ground Station. We also focus on the implementation of CubeSat Space Protocol (CSP) over Controller Area Network (CAN) and CSP over Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). |
17,306 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Measured and Predicted Permittivity Values for 3D Printed PLA Substrates, and key words: Microwave measurement, Three-dimensional displays, Frequency dependence, Permittivity measurement, Volume measurement, Programmable logic arrays, Mixture models. Abstract: The resultant relative permittivity of 3D printed polylactide (PLA) substrates with varying percentage volumes of PLA are measured using a two microstrip line method. The resultant relative permittivity of the PLA substrates is also predicted using five existing heterogenous mixture models. The measured and predicted values of relative permittivity are compared to identify the degree of fit of the mixture models to the measured values. The measured relative permittivity was found to increase as the percentage volume of PLA was increased. The measured values also increased with increasing signal frequency. The mixture models showed varying degrees of fit with two models, Rayleigh (RAY) and Refractive Index (RI), showing the best fit out of the five models. None of the models considered the frequency dependence of the relative permittivity. The results allow for the identification of opportunities for future work related to frequency dependent mixture models and detailed testing of 3D printed substrates. |
17,307 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolutional Neural Network Structure to Detect and Localize CTC Using Image Processing, and key words: Deep learning, Image processing, Telecommunication traffic, Data models, Timing, Convolutional neural networks, Internet of Things. Abstract: Many cybersecurity attacks utilize Covert Timing Channels as a method to secretly transmit (steal) sensitive information from target networks such as untrusted Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G/6G networks. Such attacks aim to violate the confidentiality and privacy of the data that resides in the targeted networks by transmitting the stolen information in a stealth manner over a prolonged period of time to avoid detection by cyber defenses and anti-exfiltration tools.In this work, we proposed a novel approach that utilize novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, in particular, deep learning to detect and localize covert channels over cyber networks. Taking advantage of the rapidly improving deep learning algorithms in image processing, we convert the malicious and normal network traffic (or packets) inter-arrival times to colored images. Then, we implement an AI-based approach using the popular deep learning algorithm Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to process images and detect the ones that contain malicious CTC activities. Finally, we design and conduct a set of experiments to evaluate the ability of our proposed system to detect and localize CTC-based privacy attacks. The conducted experiments show that our approach yielded a high accuracy of 96.75% in detecting stealth covert channels. |
17,308 | Please write an abstract with title: Acoustofluidics Based on ZnO/Al Plate Surface Acoustic Wave Devices with Enhanced Performances, and key words: Acoustofluidics, ZnO film, Al plate, SAW. Abstract: In this paper, we report acoustofluidics based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/Al plate surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and compare their performances with those of ZnO/Si SAWs with the same electrode configurations. Results show that ZnO/Al (1.5 mm thick) SAWs achieve a lower threshold pumping power and have better pumping performances than those of ZnO/Si SAWs due to their larger Rayleigh angle and higher electromechanical coupling coefficients. Wavelength effects on pumping performances of ZnO/Al plate SAWs are also investigated and a larger wavelength leads to a lower threshold pumping power. Moreover, we also study effects of Al plate thickness on pumping performances and results show that ZnO/Al plate SAWs present better pumping performances than those of ZnO/Al foil SAWs. |
17,309 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Torque Ripple and Vibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Sinusoidal Cavities, and key words: Vibrations, Permanent magnet machines, Torque, Air gaps, Rotors, Harmonic analysis, Manufacturing. Abstract: In the design process of electrical machines for traction applications, a strong focus is placed on noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) to improve the customer’ s driving experience. Parasitic effects like torque pulsations and acoustic vibration in interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) are usually reduced by step-skewing of the rotor. However, this approach results in a lower output torque due to the reduction in fundamental harmonic flux linkage between the rotor field and the stator winding. Additionally, the cost of the machine is increased by the more complex and time-consuming manufacturing process.In this paper, the influence of sinusoidal cavities on the performance of V-shaped buried-magnet topologies is investigated. This modification of the rotor influences the flux density distribution in the air gap and thus the amplitudes of the spatial harmonics. Since torque pulsations and the radial forces are directly correlated to the air-gap field, the acoustic behavior will be affected. As the cavities can be integrated into the punching process for the rotor laminations, this offers a cost-efficient approach for reducing the unwanted parasitic effects in the machine. To identify a favorable design, a parameter study is carried out and the air-gap flux density distribution of the rotor field is evaluated. The torque behavior and the acoustic noise emissions of the machine with sinusoidal cavities are compared to the unskewed and the step-skewed reference machines. |
17,310 | Please write an abstract with title: Your Privacy Preference Matters: A Qualitative Study Envisioned for Homecare, and key words: Industries, Computers, Privacy, Ethics, Costs, Decision making, Sociology. Abstract: Because of the population aging, homecare monitoring systems and assisted living technologies have been promoted by researchers and industries to help patients and the elderly at home to get medical help in time. Nevertheless, these systems and technologies usually come up with ethics problems and involve patient's privacy concerns. Even if privacy-enhancing technologies have been introduced to the monitoring systems to help protect patient's privacy, it remains a problem for researchers to figure out individual's privacy attitudes and behaviors when being monitored. Since patients have different privacy attitudes and preferences, not only technical staff but also health care providers should take patient's privacy concerns into account when making medical decisions and provide clinical help. In this paper, we are going to discuss a preliminary study about patient privacy decision-making we carried out recently. After analyzing the results, we conducted a follow-up study to figure out the reasons for the results. |
17,311 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of Load Demand Sharing Strategy in Distributed Generation, and key words: Reactive power, Voltage measurement, Software packages, Computational modeling, Rectifiers, Microgrids, Mathematical models. Abstract: Sharing of Load demand using micro grid (MG) and DG units is the major task in power system. Distributed generation (DG) units produce stains and renewable power nearer to the consumer end. DG units cause many issues, like resonance and protection interferences etc., To Eliminate this kind of problems the micro grid (MG) concepts has been proposed. The outcome of the paper proposes reactive power response of DG unit in a microgrid network. In the response is highly recommended to share the load in MG. To introducing the rectifier unit, filtering arrangement with the help of voltage and current (VI) measurement technique the respective voltage and current waveforms were obtained. Using MATLAB Simulation environment, the complete V and I wave form results are analyzed and Presented the efficient of this proposed method. This Configuration of DG model &simulation is done by MATLAB. The output of DG unit, such a response of Q was analyzed. Their response is highly recommended for load demand sharing strategy. Those output data are used to share the load in multiple DG units for microgrid operation. |
17,312 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Domain Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation with Appearance Adaptive Convolution, and key words: Training, Location awareness, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Convolution, Conferences, Generators. Abstract: Over the past few years, image-to-image (I2I) translation methods have been proposed to translate a given image into diverse outputs. Despite the impressive results, they mainly focus on the I2I translation between two domains, so the multi-domain I2I translation still remains a challenge. To address this problem, we propose a novel multi-domain unsupervised image-to-image translation (MDUIT) framework that leverages the decomposed content feature and appearance adaptive convolution to translate an image into a target appearance while preserving the given geometric content. We also exploit a contrast learning objective, which improves the disentanglement ability and effectively utilizes multi-domain image data in the training process by pairing the semantically similar images. This allows our method to learn the diverse mappings between multiple visual domains with only a single framework. We show that the proposed method produces visually diverse and plausible results in multiple domains compared to the state-of-the-art methods. |
17,313 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Synchronization of Multi-Linked Memristor-Based Neural Networks With Mixed Time-Varying Delays, and key words: Synchronization, Biological neural networks, Memristors, Delays, Master-slave, Time-varying systems, Synapses. Abstract: This paper mainly investigates the finite-time synchronization and stability issue of a class of master-slave multi-linked memristor-based neural networks (MMNNs) with mixed time-varying delays via different state-feedback controllers. Based on some synchronization analytical techniques and Lyapunov functional method, sufficient criteria are obtained to ensure that the master-slave MMNNs systems can realize finite-time synchronization under the Filippov-framework. Three different controllers are designed to synchronize the MMNNs systems, and the settling time of finite-time synchronization is estimated in advance. The correctness and the feasibility of the proposed synchronization criteria are confirmed by three simulation examples. |
17,314 | Please write an abstract with title: Initial value selection strategy of glide trajectory based on Legendre pseudospectral method, and key words: Costs, Quadratic programming, Problem-solving, Aircraft, Particle swarm optimization, Task analysis, Trajectory optimization. Abstract: In order to improve the flight efficiency of the gliding section of the vehicle and ensure that the mission can be accomplished more accurately. In order to solve the discrete aircraft trajectory optimization problem using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm, the problem that the iterative solution problem will be scattered due to the poor selection of initial values is easily caused. In this paper, an initial value selection strategy for solving the trajectory optimization problem based on Legendre pseudospectral method is proposed. In this paper, the gliding segment trajectory of X-51A similar aircraft model is used as the validation object, and the problem is solved in advance by introducing genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm algorithm (PS) in bionic algorithm, and the corresponding optimization result is used as the initial value of the problem solved by SQP algorithm. The experiments show that both the initial values of the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm algorithm can ensure the completion of the task, reduce the possibility of divergence, and indirectly improve the accuracy of problem solving. Under the condition of convergence of the solution results, the comparison between the initial values of the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm algorithm and the optimization results of the traditional initial values, the absolute error of the parameters of the genetic algorithm initial values and the traditional initial values is smaller and the results are more accurate. It is proved that the genetic algorithm is more suitable for the initial value screening of the vehicle trajectory. The results of the corresponding solutions can satisfy the set initial and termination conditions, and the task is successfully completed. |
17,315 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Application of Short-circuit Current Limiting Measures Evaluation Based on Improved Projection Pursuit - Grey Relation Method, and key words: Limiting, Power measurement, Correlation, Short-circuit currents, Current measurement, Stability criteria, Power system stability. Abstract: The evaluation of short-circuit current limiting measures is the basis of the safe and stable operation of the power grid, and is also an important basis for the planning, dispatching and maintenance of the power grid. At present, power grid in all provinces of China still use traditional methods to evaluate short-circuit current limiting measures, which completely rely on manual experience. The workload is heavy, and the efficiency is low, so it is difficult to meet the future development needs of power grid in China. Therefore, in this paper, based on the improved projection pursuit - grey correlation method, comprehensive consideration of short circuit current control level, static security and transient stability and economy indexes, it set up a grid short-circuit current integrated management platform, which could automatically scan grid short-circuit current in the limit of node and meet a variety of constraints on mass, intelligent, automation of short-circuit current limiting measures, meanwhile the comprehensive optimal current limiting measures are given. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and the platform. |
17,316 | Please write an abstract with title: Quasi-orthogonality and intrinsic dimensions as measures of learning and generalisation, and key words: Heating systems, Training, Deep learning, Atmospheric measurements, Neurons, Computer architecture, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Finding the best architectures for learning machines, such as deep neural networks, is a well-known technical and theoretical challenge. Recent work by Mellor et al [1] showed that there may exist correlations between the accuracies of trained networks and the values of some easily computable measures defined on randomly initialised networks which may enable the search of tens of thousands of neural architectures without training. Mellor et al [1] used the Hamming distance evaluated over all the ReLU neurons as such a measure. Motivated by these findings, in our work, we ask the question of the existence of other and perhaps more principled measures which could be used as determinants of the potential success of a given neural architecture. In particular, we examine if the dimensionality and quasi-orthogonality of neural networks' feature space could be correlated with the network's performance after training. We showed, using the setup as in Mellor et al [1], that dimensionality and quasi-orthogonality may jointly serve as networks' performance discriminants. In addition to offering new opportunities to accelerate neural architecture search, our findings suggest important relationships between the networks' final performance and properties of their randomly initialised feature spaces: data dimension and quasi-orthogonality. |
17,317 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Sample-based GNN Training by Feature Caching on GPUs, and key words: Training, Social networking (online), Loading, Graphics processing units, Graph neural networks, Data communication. Abstract: The existing graph neural network (GNN) systems adopt sample-based training on large-scale graphs over multiple GPUs. Although they support large-scale graph training, large data loading overhead is still a bottleneck. In this work, we propose SCGraph, a method that supports GPU high-speed feature caching. We classify the graph vertices sorted by out-degrees. For high out-degree vertices, we set grading caches via different GPUs to increase the overall cache content through NVLink high-speed data transmission between them. For low out-degree vertices, we expand training vertices’ neighborhood in advance to regenerate cache. We evaluate SCGraph against two state-of-the-art industrial GNN frameworks, i.e., DGL and PaGraph on two datasets Reddit and ogbn-products. Experimental results show that SCGraph achieves up to 1.83× performance speedup over the state-of-the-art baselines. |
17,318 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Charging and discharging Strategies of Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery System for Metro Flywheel, and key words: Fluctuations, Voltage fluctuations, Torque, Discharges (electric), Traction power supplies, Flywheels, Recycling. Abstract: Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to recycle the braking energy generated by the frequent braking of metro trains, this paper puts forward to store and utilize the regenerative braking energy by using flywheel energy storage device. When the subway starts, the flywheel decelerates to release the energy; when the subway brakes, the flywheel accelerates to absorb the energy, thus stabilizing the DC bus voltage and alleviating the voltage fluctuation of the traction network. The charge and discharge strategy of single flywheel and the control strategy of multiple flywheels running side by side are studied, and the double closed loop control strategy of single flywheel and three control strategies of multiple flywheels running side by side are put forward, which are equal power, equal-torque and equal-time-length discharge control strategy. The simulation results show that the flywheel energy storage device can achieve the desired effect, and the optimal control strategy for the parallel operation of several flywheels is obtained. |
17,319 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Control of Multiphase Series Capacitor Buck Converter Prototype for the Powering of HL-LHC Inner Triplet Magnets, and key words: Superconducting magnets, Capacitors, Buck converters, Voltage control, Power supplies, Large Hadron Collider, Voltage. Abstract: A major upgrade will be conducted in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. This high-luminosity (HL) version of the LHC will increase the nominal luminosity by a factor of five. One of the key technologies of the HL-LHC is the new superconducting inner triplet (IT) magnets, responsible of producing high magnetic fields to focus particle beams. To power the IT magnets from the grid, a multistage power supply with an intermediate 24-V battery pack is being considered. In such topology, a low-voltage high-current dc/dc converter operating with a very high step-down ratio is required for the final conversion stage. In this work, an interleaved multiphase series capacitor buck converter is proposed to feed the IT magnets from the battery pack. A novel voltage regulation approach that ensures the current balance between the paralleled series capacitor cells is also proposed, where one cell is responsible for the output voltage regulation, while the remaining cells are current-regulated. A balanced current sharing between the series capacitor cells is achieved, when the current-controlled cells are referenced by the actual current of the first one. The proposal is theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated in a six-cell 1000-A prototype unit. |
17,320 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensor Fault-Tolerant State Estimation by Networks of Distributed Observers, and key words: Observers, Estimation, Redundancy, Nonlinear systems, Linear systems, Symmetric matrices, Observability. Abstract: We propose a state estimation methodology using a network of distributed observers. We consider a scenario in which the local measurement at each node may not guarantee the system's observability. In contrast, the ensemble of all the measurements does ensure that the observability property holds. As a result, we design a network of observers such that the estimated state vector computed by each observer converges to the system's state vector by using the local measurement and the communicated estimates of a subset of observers in its neighborhood. The proposed estimation scheme exploits sensor redundancy to provide robustness against faults in the sensors. Under suitable conditions on the redundant sensors, we show that it is possible to mitigate the effects of a class of sensor faults on the state estimation. Simulation trials demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed estimation scheme. |
17,321 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded ultra high-data-rate OFDM system in frequency-selective fading, and key words: Parity check codes, OFDM, Fading, Time division multiple access, Decoding, Control systems, Bandwidth, Error probability, Error correction codes, Sum product algorithm. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the performance when low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding is deployed in DPC-OF/TDMA (dynamic parameter controlled orthogonal frequency and time division multiple access) system, which is actually an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system aiming at providing ultra high-data-rate transmission capability beyond 100 Mbps. The new DPC-OF/TDMA system is most likely to encounter the severe frequency-selective fading due to the fact that the bandwidth is large even in each subchannel (subband), and the error probability performance could be jeopardized by the subcarriers in deep fading. LDPC coding has excellent error correction capability, and this feature motivates us to deploy LDPC in DPC-OFATOMA system. The log-domain sum-product algorithm is considered as the decoding method of LDPC codes due to its computational complexity is lower than its probability-domain counterpart. In order to support the decoding algorithm., we introduce how to generate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for the codeword bits which are transmitted through the spectral-efficient multi-level modulation modes such as 16QAM. The frequency-selective fading encountered by DPC-OF/TDMA system is modeled by using the statistical channel model instead of any tap-delayed model, because our intention is to investigate the performance from the statistical point of view. |
17,322 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Tracking of Underactuated VTOL Aerial Vehicles With Unknown System Parameters Via IRL, and key words: Optimal control, Trajectory tracking, Heuristic algorithms, Vehicle dynamics, Trajectory, Tracking loops, Standards. Abstract: This article studies the optimal control policy learning for underactuated vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial vehicles subject to the unknown mass and inertia matrix. A novel off-policy integral reinforcement learning (IRL) scheme is presented for simultaneously unknown parameter identification and optimal trajectory tracking. In the outer loop of the VTOL vehicles, a novel off-policy IRL scheme is proposed, where the fixed control policy for data generation is chosen to be different from the iterated control policy and the feedforward term with an unknown mass can be learned along with the optimal control policy. In the inner loop, a hybrid off-policy IRL algorithm is developed to tackle the optimal attitude control policy learning and inertia matrix identification under the hybrid control scheme introduced by the employed inner–outer loop control strategy. A simulation study is finally provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
17,323 | Please write an abstract with title: A 100 V-IC for the remote powering and control of a microrobot using an electrostatic ciliary motion system, and key words: Motion control, Control systems, Circuits, Voltage, Electrostatic actuators, Frequency, Receiving antennas, Collision mitigation, Amplitude modulation, Testing. Abstract: For the first time a high-voltage IC, specially dedicated to the remote powering and the control by inductive coupling of electrostatic actuators, has been designed and successfully tested. Four actuators can be controlled simultaneously with a maximum actuation voltage of 100 V. As a preliminary test, a capacitive load of 220 pF has been driven at a frequency of 100 Hz with an output voltage of 30 V and a distance of 2.5 cm between emitter and receiver antennas. To avoid the electrostatic stiction of mobile parts, the IC alternates the polarity of the actuation voltage. The possibility to control 4 highly capacitive actuators independently makes this circuit suitable for the remote control of a two degrees of freedom electrostatic Ciliary Motion System (CMS). The chip has been fabricated using European multi-chip service (EUROPRACTICE) in the Alcatel-Mietec I2T100 technology. Its dimensions are 5*3 mm/sup 2/. |
17,324 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Spiking Neuron Hardware System Based on the Hardware-Oriented Modified Izhikevich Neuron (HOMIN) Model, and key words: Neurons, Mathematical model, Hardware, Integrated circuit modeling, Computational modeling, Biological system modeling, Biological neural networks. Abstract: Mathematical modifications have been made to the Izhikevich Neuron Model to allow for a simple, low-area digital hardware implementation with low computational intensity. The implemented neuron circuit only requires one input parameter to replicate all of the cortical neuron behaviours described by Izhikevich. The low hardware requirements of this neuron implementation make large, highly parallel digital spiking neural networks of this neuron feasible. Additionally, the model requires fewer external parameter changes to exhibit diverse neuron behaviours. The alterations made to create this novel model are presented in detail with a performance comparison to the original Izhikevich Neuron. Subsequently a digital hardware realization is presented and its performance is characterized. |
17,325 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Test Coverage of Hi-Reliability ASIC Designs with Test Point Insertion for Space Applications, and key words: Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Circuit faults, Tools, Tunneling magnetoresistance, Timing, Application specific integrated circuits. Abstract: The rapid growth in semiconductor technology has paved way for complex designs with high device densities. This has given rise to more challenges in device testing. Towards miniaturization of electronics systems in spacecraft's, usage of ASICs and FPGAs with fault tolerant (FT) design techniques are increasing. Incorporating fault tolerance with Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) logics introduces the controllability and observability issues in the design and hence reduces the test coverage. Reduction of test coverage leads to usage of inferior or faulty devices (test escapes) and hence impacts the system reliability. This demands high quality of tests with less patterns and reduced test time. This can be achieved with a nominal increase in area and performance, by using test points. This article proposes a novel method of automatic test point insertion using EDA tools for improving test coverage of a design consisting of TMR logics. The proposed method has achieved the improvement of test coverage from 81.7% to 97.1% for Command Distribution (CD) ASIC (about 1.5 million gates) with bare minimum area overhead and without degrading the performance of the device. |
17,326 | Please write an abstract with title: PiBase: An IoT-based Security System Using Google Firebase and Raspberry Pi, and key words: Cameras, Software, Motion detection, Message service, Security, Internet of Things, Face detection. Abstract: Smart environments are environments where digital devices are connected to each other over the Internet and operate in sync. Security is of paramount importance in such environments. This paper addresses aspects of authorized access and intruder detection for “smart” environments. Proposed is PiBase, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based app that aids in detecting intruders and providing security. The hardware for the application consists of a Raspberry Pi, a PIR motion sensor to detect motion from infrared radiation in the environment, an Android mobile phone and a camera. The software for the application is written in Java, Python and NodeJS. The PIR sensor and Pi camera module connected to the Raspberry Pi aid in detecting human intrusion. Machine learning algorithms, namely Haar-feature based cascade classifiers and Linear Binary Pattern Histograms (LBPH), are used for face detection and face recognition, respectively. The app lets the user create a list of non-intruders and anyone that’s not on the list is identified as an intruder. The app alerts the user only in the event of an intrusion by using the Google Firebase’s Cloud Messaging service to trigger a notification to the app. The user may choose to add the detected intruder to the list of non-intruders through the app to avoid further detections as intruder. Face detection by the Haar Cascade algorithm yields a recall of 94.6%. Thus, the system is both highly effective and relatively low cost. |
17,327 | Please write an abstract with title: The Intersection of Science, Math, and Problem Solving: Centeno working to improve health outcomes [Women to Watch], and key words: Engineering profession, Mice. Abstract: Dr. Grisselle Centeno always knew she wanted to help people. And while she drew on the examples set by family members’ careers, friendly advice, and inspiring mentors, Centeno carved out a career path uniquely her own: one that has allowed her to impact students, patients, women, the Hispanic community, and even, yes, Mickey Mouse. |
17,328 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of Surface Resistance in Oversized Circular Waveguide at Millimeter Wavelengths (Short Papers), and key words: Millimeter wave measurements, Surface resistance, Electrical resistance measurement, Wavelength measurement, Surface waves, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Attenuation, Dielectric loss measurement, Permittivity measurement. Abstract: The increase of the surface resistance of oversized circular waveguides has been accurately evaluated at millimeter wavelengths by measuring attenuations of TE/sub 0n/ modes. The ratios of the effective resistances to the ideal resistances of the wall were found to be 1.27, 1.42, and 1.54 at 40, 60, and 80 GHz, respectively. |
17,329 | Please write an abstract with title: Large-Scale Cellular Coverage Analyses for UAV Data Relay via Channel Modeling, and key words: Poles and towers, Drones, Relays, Laser radar, Wireless communication, Fresnel reflection. Abstract: With the rapid popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones), UAV data relay has demonstrated potential extending wireless communication coverage, especially for rural areas. The flexibility of this approach has attracted research attention from a variety of areas, including Internet of Things, intelligent transportation systems, and digital agriculture. However, most current research effort focuses on modeling and theoretically optimizing data relay systems via UAV trajectories in simplified geographic environments, while taking advantage of UAVs for practical wireless communication networks requires large-scale quantitative performance analysis results based on real-life environment information. In this paper, we propose algorithms for generating large-scale blockage and path loss maps via terrain-based channel modeling for cellular communication systems with fixed-height relay drones. Our analyses reveal the coverage ratios for Tippecanoe County and the Wabash Heartland Innovation Network region in Indiana, with relay drones simulated at different heights. A coverage ratio gain over 40% can be achieved at a drone height of 100 m, compared to a typical pedestrian height of 1.5 m. These site-specific analyses are important in locating poorly covered spots and quantifying the coverage improvement from UAV data relay. |
17,330 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal Processing Techniques for Nonlinear Identification of Structures Using Transient Response, and key words: Vibrations, Signal processing, Harmonic analysis, Structural beams, Transient analysis, Signal resolution, Power harmonic filters. Abstract: In this work, an alternate method for the nonlinear system identification of vibrating structures is investigated. This method makes use of transient vibrations in combination with advanced signal processing techniques to determine hardening or softening effects and strength of nonlinearity. In order to demonstrate this method's practicality and how transient vibrations can be used to determine nonlinearity, an experiment involving a cantilever beam has been subjected to vibratory analysis. Furthermore, a novel signal tracking technique, known as the Harmonics Tracking Method, has been used in conjunction with experimental data for signal analysis and compared to another widely known signal processing tool called the Hilbert-Huang Transform. The nonlinear characteristics of a structure can play a significant role in its behavior or response to stimuli. Thus, knowing these characteristics can lead to better design analysis and predictions of system responses. |
17,331 | Please write an abstract with title: The Importance Of Security In Cyber-Physical System, and key words: Industries, Medical devices, Smart cities, Estimation, Cyber-physical systems, Sensor systems, Smart grids. Abstract: There is a term more common and used on the full range between industries and authors, which is a cyber-physical system(CPS). It is a system that applied to smart grid, medical devices, and manufactory and civil infrastructure. CPS consists of three main components, which are sensors, actuators that connected by a network. Recently, we have seen there is a vast increase by using cyber-physical system, so the security of this system is critical at design more than any policy. The security of this sort of operation must be vital and reaching a high level of protection [2],[3],[13]. The security of this system includes some techniques to be used, such as attack detection attack design and secure estimation. As a result of that, the necessitate of security in this system is required. Hence, we address and collected issues and solutions. This paper analyzes and shows how we can prevent this system from unauthorized access or damages that would happen during the process. Also, it shows some examples and how some solutions are useful and valuable [21]. |
17,332 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Braking Force for Electromagnetic Track Brake Using Uniform Design, and key words: Footwear, Electromagnetics, Force, Brakes, Optimization, Magnetic flux, Tracking. Abstract: Electromagnetic track brake is increasingly applied to improve emergency braking force together with the main wheel-rail brake system, while larger electromagnetic braking force is demanded. The bottom of pole shoe is designed as the same curved surface like track top in order to achieve a good contact between pole shoe and track and the pole shoe chamfering is also designed to improve electromagnetic attractive force. Three main variables that decide the electromagnetic attractive force are selected in the paper: pole shoe contact width, protection block length and pole shoe length. The reliability of electromagnetic simulation is verified through prototype test and then the electromagnetic attractive force in this study is achieved by electromagnetic simulation. First, the effects of the three variables on electromagnetic attractive force are investigated singly. Then, a uniform design method is employed in this study to further optimize electromagnetic attractive force by researching the interactional effects of the three variables. A regression model is established with pole shoe contact width, protection block length and pole shoe length as the independent variables, and electromagnetic attractive force as the dependent variable. Depending on the regression model, the optimum conditions of the three variables are achieved. In addition, finite element simulation of electromagnetic track brake is developed to investigate electromagnetic attractive force and magnetic field distribution by Ansoft Maxwell. Compared to the existing electromagnetic track brake, the electromagnetic braking force and electromagnetic braking deceleration of the optimized electromagnetic track brake are improved by 6.3% under the optimum conditions, which can greatly improve train safety in emergency. The proposed reinforcement optimizations have two outstanding characteristics. The first is keeping the space usage of electromagnetic track brake unaltered, and the other is its simplicity to conduct. |
17,333 | Please write an abstract with title: Carrier phase tracking from turbo and LDPC coded signals affected by a frequency offset, and key words: Parity check codes, Maximum likelihood detection, Frequency synchronization, Phase estimation, Frequency estimation, Signal to noise ratio, Maximum likelihood estimation, Feedback, Phase detection, Robustness. Abstract: This contribution considers carrier phase estimation from coded signals, affected by a frequency offset at low operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We derive a maximum likelihood (ML) based iterative code-aided feedback phase-tracker suited for receivers with iterative maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) detection. Simulations indicate that the proposed synchronizer is considerably more robust against frequency offsets than a feedforward synchronizer. |
17,334 | Please write an abstract with title: Uncertainty reasoning based on filter of lattice implication algebra, and key words: Uncertainty, Filters, Lattices, Algebra, Fuzzy logic, Multivalued logic, Data mining, Artificial intelligence, Information analysis, Intelligent systems. Abstract: Uncertainty reasoning is one of the important issues of many research fields such as artificial intelligence, knowledge-based system, data mining, etc. In the framework of lattice-valued propositional logic LP(X), the present work focus on how to deal with uncertainty reasoning with incomparable information by taking filter of lattice implication algebra as the measure of reliability of antecedents and conclusions. Firstly, we investigated the unsuitability of inference rules of classical logics in uncertainty reasoning and discussed the relation between inference rule and truth-values. Secondly, by taking filter as a measure of reliability, we studied the dynamic and hierarchical characteristics of uncertainty reasoning governed by the underlying lattice-valued propositional logic LP(X). Finally, we illustrate our uncertainty reasoning method through a simple example. |
17,335 | Please write an abstract with title: Hardening Soft Information: A Transformer-Based Approach to Forecasting Stock Return Volatility, and key words: Biological system modeling, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Numerical models, Resource management, Task analysis, Forecasting. Abstract: Historically, the field of financial forecasting almost exclusively relied on so-called hard information - i.e., numerical data with well-defined and unambiguous meaning. Over the last few decades, however, researchers and practitioners alike have, following the advances in natural language understanding, started recognizing the benefits of integrating soft information into financial modelling. In line with the above, this paper examines whether contemporary attention-based sequence-to-sequence models, known as Transformers, can help improve stock return volatility prediction when applied to corporate annual reports. Using a publicly available benchmark dataset, we show, in an empirical analysis, that out-of-the-box Transformer models have the ability to outmatch current state-of-the-art results and, more importantly, that our proposed feature-based Transformer approach can outperform a robust numerical baseline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study focusing on stock return volatility prediction (1) to ever experiment with state-of-the-art Transformer architectures and (2) to demonstrate that a model based solely on soft information can surpass its numerical counterpart. Furthermore, we show that by including an additional numerical feature into our best text-only model, we can push the performance of our model even further, suggesting that soft and hard information contain different predictive signals. |
17,336 | Please write an abstract with title: Diffusion-less junctions and super halo profiles for PMOS transistors formed by SPER and FUSI gate in 45 nm physical gate length devices, and key words: MOSFETs, Doping, Rapid thermal annealing, Plasma temperature, Thermal resistance, Silicon, Electrodes, Space technology, CMOS technology, Microelectronics. Abstract: This paper reports on the successful integration of truly diffusion-less (less-than-650/spl deg/C) junction formation by SPER in pMOSFETs in combination with Ni-FUSI gates for the first time. The obtained drive currents are 355 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for an off-state of 10 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at Vdd= -1.2V and 1.4nm EOT SiON. We demonstrate that the gate de-activation problem associated with SPER is effectively solved by the use of the FUSI gate electrode. Super halo profiles are obtained with SPER, which opens up the halo design space for accurate SCE control. The junction leakage is greatly reduced by engineering the damage region away from the junction depletion region. |
17,337 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the i3DVAE-LSTM Framework for Generating Exceptionally Rare Anomaly Signals, and key words: Anomaly Detection, Data Generation, Data Augmentation, Variational Autoencoder, Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network. Abstract: In the era of data-driven approaches, ensuring data quality is crucial for developing effective machine learning and deep learning models. While data augmentation is commonly used to increase the sample size, it does not guarantee data quality. Data generation goes beyond augmentation by incorporating additional steps to ensure high-quality output samples. This technique is particularly valuable for anomaly classification tasks with limited training samples. A recent study introduced a 3DVAE-LSTM (3-Dimensional Variational Autoencoders-Long Short-Term Memory) approach for generating extremely rare case signals. Although this framework synthesized samples for training deep learning models, it faced challenges with long sequential data. To address this, the authors proposed an improved version called i3DVAE-LSTM (Improvement of 3-Dimensional Variational Autoencoders-Long Short-Term Memory) and presented the evaluation of the i3DVAE-LSTM framework. The proposed framework adopts a divide-and-conquer technique, splitting long sequence data into smaller fragments to enhance the quality of generated samples, which are then concatenated together. Experimental results demonstrated that classification models trained with data generated by i3DVAE-LSTM outperformed baselines in all aspects. |
17,338 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Integrated IoT Framework with Classification Approach for Medical Data Analysis, and key words: Temperature sensors, Medical services, Predictive models, Real-time systems, Data models, Sensors, Security. Abstract: In the healthcare systems, usage of advanced integrated technologies like Internet of things (IoT) and Machine learning (ML) techniques were limited. Different amalgams of IoT devices and ML mechanisms are available for medical sector but are limited to certain domains only. These models either provide patients current state data or specific domain analyzing and surveillance pre/post treatment data like heart or brain functions with corresponding medical aid. Also data available is used as clinical study for medical professionals and for better understandings of patients about their state. Specific domain gadgets' like wrist bands or smart bands uses some sensors about vital, temperature and pulse etc., checkups are available but they were not meant for diagnosing or for treatments. In this paper, we proposed an integrated model to use IoT and ML algorithms for a healthcare system. Tracking of patients' status can be done using some sensors such as lightweight, portable, and low-powered sensor nodes. These Sensors sense the patient's status and send the parametric data to the central controller, to take actions during the critical condition of the patients. The data sent to the controller always provided in secure and encryption form. At the same time, patient data is sent to doctors, so that they can provide the instructions to the caretakers of the patients with quick and proper solutions in real-time. For disease prediction, our model uses supervised machine learning algorithms, In order to get the efficient feature set and improve the better accuracy, and pre-processing techniques to eliminate features that are irrelevant, missing values and outliers from biomedical data which aids in better disease prediction. To further strengthen the proposed integrated model design is compared with various traditional classification algorithms to specify its improved accuracy and computational time for accurate prediction of the patient's disease and acts as a decision support system for health care assistants. |
17,339 | Please write an abstract with title: GVF: GPU-Based Vector Fitting for Modeling of Multiport Tabulated Data Networks, and key words: Graphics processing units, Matrix decomposition, Silicon, Data models, Multicore processing, Computational modeling, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: Modeling of multiport data characterizing high-speed modules, such as packages, vias, and complex multiconductor interconnects is becoming increasingly important in signal and power integrity applications. Vector fitting (VF) algorithm has been widely used by designers for macromodeling and system identification from such multiport tabulated data. Since VF and strategies based on it require many iterations to arrive at an optimal number of converged poles, it is highly desired to reduce the computational cost of each VF iteration. This article advances the applicability of VF to exploit the emerging massively parallel graphical processing units (GPUs) by developing necessary parallelization strategies and investigates their performance while using different GPU libraries. For large problem sizes (an increasing number of poles and ports), numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method while using MAGMA libraries provides significant speedup compared with existing multi-CPU-based parallel VF techniques. |
17,340 | Please write an abstract with title: Art Experience Innovation Design in Digital Media Era, and key words: Technological innovation, Art, Design methodology, Conferences, Cyberspace, Media, Data science. Abstract: From a technical point of view, we can observing the morphological characteristics, we can know that how the digital media art be developing, to understand the modernity of art experience. The creation elements of digital media art in the innovation experience of design, there are cover the audience, application scenarios, such as digital technology and the spatial narrative. First, the paper will analysis the concept of experience design in digital media art, to research the design method, as well as the effect of digital media art innovation experience and so on. The second, the paper will research from several aspects, to analysis the experience innovation theory of digital media art, to research the wonders of experiences and immersive feeling in digital media art work. |
17,341 | Please write an abstract with title: Root Cause Analysis of SRV Oscillation during Gas Turbine Start-up Acceleration, and key words: Analytical models, Process control, Valves, Germanium, Fuels, Turbines, Oscillators. Abstract: Under the background of the continuous improvement of gas turbine manufacturing localization, some gas turbine components deviate from the original design value, but the control parameters are not adjusted accordingly, which leads to the phenomenon of continuous vibration of gas turbine fuel valve in the process of speed-up. Basing on algorithm of typical start-up processing of 9E-DLN (Dry Low NOx) gas turbine, FSR (Fuel Stroke Reference) calculation criterion is studied according to the control method of GE Company. Through the establishment of gas fuel valve transfer function control model, the response of fuel system will be changed as control parameters vary. Finally, simulation results are provided to optimize the control parameters and provide some suggestions for the optimization of the control parameters. |
17,342 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Analysis of Impedance of Variable Frequency AC Three-Stage Generator for More Electric Aircraft, and key words: Analytical models, Power supplies, Atmospheric modeling, Power system stability, Aerospace electronics, Power electronics, Generators. Abstract: With more electric aircraft (MEA) development, the power electronics power rating for the MEA power system is increasing. As a result, the number and power rating of the constant power loads (CPLs) in the system is gradually rising. However, the negative impedance characteristics of the CPLs may cause the system to be unstable. The impedance model of the variable frequency AC three-stage generator (VFAC-TSG), the main power supply of the MEA variable frequency AC power system, is required to analyze the stability of the MEA variable frequency AC power system. This article proposes a small-signal impedance model of the VFAC- TSG in the synchronous d-q frame. In addition, the terminal characteristics of the VFAC- TSG in open-loop and closed-loop modes are also analyzed, respectively. Finally, the proposed impedance model and analysis are verified by experiments on the hardware-in-the-loop platform. |
17,343 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiation properties of an arbitrarily flanged parallel-plate waveguide, and key words: Electromagnetic waveguides, Integral equations, Millimeter wave communication, Frequency, Propagation losses, Dielectrics, Antenna radiation patterns, Electromagnetic radiation, Millimeter wave technology, Optical reflection. Abstract: The radiation properties of an arbitrarily flanged parallel-plate waveguide are investigated by means of the boundary integral equations that are called guided-mode extracted integral equations. The boundary integral equations derived in this paper can be solved by the conventional boundary-element method. Numerical results are presented for a number of cases of flanged parallel-plate waveguide. Reflection coefficient, reflected and radiated powers as well as radiation patterns are numerically calculated for the incidence of transverse electric guided-mode wave. |
17,344 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical analysis on the high frequency characteristics of MILO, and key words: Numerical analysis, Coaxial components, Radio frequency, Cutoff frequency, Insulation, Oscillators, Inductors, Cathodes, Power generation, Computer simulation. Abstract: Through numerical calculation, the high frequency characteristics of magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) coaxial slow wave structure (SWS), the frequencies of the eigen modes and their distributions of coaxial SWS are presented. The sizes of MILO are: the inner radius of the primary SWS and the RF choke 4.6 cm and 4.2 cm, the cathode radius 3 cm. When the frequency in MILO is from 3.6 to 4.4 GHz, the RF chock cavity stops leakage of microwaves toward the pulse power, unexpectedly increases the output power. The cutoff frequency of the primary SWS is from 4.5 to 4.9 GHz. A wave whose frequency is near cutoff is evanescent in the primary SWS. In addition, we calculate the eigen frequencies of MILO with open boundary. The frequencies of 3/spl pi//8, /spl pi//2, 5/spl pi//8, 3/spl pi//4 mode achieved in the computer simulation are 3.18, 3.76, 3.93, 4.11 GHz and the corresponding frequencies in "cold" measurement are 3.80, 3.94, 4.08, 4.18 GHz. The experimental results are in accordance with the results of the numerical solution. |
17,345 | Please write an abstract with title: On the performance of spatial multiplexing MIMO cellular systems with adaptive modulation and scheduling, and key words: MIMO, Adaptive systems, Adaptive scheduling, Transmitters, Channel state information, Mean square error methods, Interference cancellation, Singular value decomposition, Matrix decomposition, Diversity methods. Abstract: We analyze the forward link spectral efficiency (SE) of a spatial multiplexing cellular MIMO system using adaptive modulation and scheduling (opportunistic and proportional fair). With the channel state information (CSI) available only at the receiver side, the minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based ordered successive interference cancellation is employed for detection with either forward or reverse ordering. When the channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, separate channels are obtained via singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix. The post processing SNR for each stream is fed back to the transmitter to adapt the modulation level corresponding to each stream. The multi-user diversity gain due to scheeduling is observed to be very significant especially without power control. The SE gain from the SVD scheme becomes negligible in a high SNR region which would not justify the complexity of having the CSI at the transmitter. The proportional fair scheduling is a good choice to compromise SE and fairness when the average channel conditions of users are different. |
17,346 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved SURF Feature Matching Algorithm Based on FAST Scale Area, and key words: Feature extraction, Indexes, Electronic mail, Dogs, Computer security, Business, Data mining. Abstract: In the face of complex scenes in the real environment, the extraction of feature points with scale-invariant features is a hard requirement in feature matching. The calculation of feature point scales will also directly affect the final feature matching effect. In this paper, the feature matching rate of the SURF algorithm (Speeded Up Robust Features) is not high, and the feature point extraction method is complex and most of the extracted feature points are not human visually significant points. It is proposed to use scale areas instead of FAST algorithm (Features from accelerated segment test) to use pixel points for feature point detection. Different from downsampling to achieve scale-invariant form, this paper achieves scale-invariant feature point extraction by implementing scaling improvement of scale area. The scale-invariant feature points extracted by this method are combined with SURF feature point local feature descriptors to form feature vectors. Using the above method and the original SURF algorithm for feature matching comparison experiment. The results show that the algorithm in this paper has better performance in correct matching rate than the original SURF algorithm. |
17,347 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of MEMS Pressure Sensors, and key words: Sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Temperature sensors, Pressure sensors, Temperature measurement, Micromechanical devices, Pressure measurement. Abstract: Sensors for atmospheric pressure monitoring are important for many applications. They include indoor positioning, environmental monitoring, and more. This paper presents a study of the main characteristics of micro mechanical atmospheric sensors. Four different models of microelectromechanical (MEMS) pressure sensors were studied. Some of the models along with the pressure measure additional parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and air quality. The research evaluated the accuracy of the sensors, the impact of the change of basic atmospheric parameters on it, and their noise characteristics. The results show that low-budget MEMS pressure sensors offer many advantages for the efficient implementation of different applications. An important prerequisite for this is the use of appropriate algorithms for the fusion of sensor data, which can increase the reliability of their data. |
17,348 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automated Framework for Deriving Intersection Coordination Plans, and key words: Decision support systems, Roads, Current measurement, Time series analysis, Data compression, Machine learning, Detectors. Abstract: The road network infrastructure (signal controllers and detectors) continuously generates data that can be transformed and used to evaluate the performance of signalized intersections. Current systems that focus on automatically converting the raw data into measures of effectiveness have proven extremely useful in alleviating intersection performance issues. However, these systems are not well suited for automatically generating recommendations or suggesting fixes as needed. In this work, we demonstrate the use of machine learning and data compression techniques to build a recommendation system. Specifically, we present an end to end solution for automatically generating intersection coordination plans. |
17,349 | Please write an abstract with title: A Time Modulated Antenna Array with Phase Modulation Waveforms, and key words: Phased arrays, Analytical models, Phase modulation, Array signal processing, Antenna theory, Computational modeling, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new harmonic beam-forming method for time modulated antenna array (TMAA) with phase modulation (PM) waveforms. The design of PM waveforms is optimization-free and can accomplish full range phase and amplitude weighting independently. After theoretical analysis, the time modulator under the control of proposed PM waveform has 100% feeding network efficiency and 94.96% overall efficiency. |
17,350 | Please write an abstract with title: The Synthesis of Integrable, Nearly Sinusoidal, Potentially Bistable Oscillators, and key words: Oscillators, Integrated circuit synthesis, Circuit synthesis, Network synthesis, Bistable circuits, Prototypes, Circuit theory, Noise figure, Contracts, Signal synthesis. Abstract: A procedure is given for the synthesis of a class of potentially bistable oscillator configurations which serve as proto-types for integrated, nearly sinusoidal applications. These oscillator configurations are synthesized by systematic addition of one- and two-port resistor-capacitor networks to integrable bistable circuits having two 3-terminal, charge-controlled, active devices. The procedure is based on the synthesis and embedding of open-circuit stable negative-resistance ports. The oscillators synthesized are conveniently classed as 2-, 3-, or 4-terminal oscillators and typical performance characteristics of lumped prototype and integrated realizations are given. Configuration synthesis is shown to enable the specification of properties which determine the ease of integrated realization (for example the nonisolated active device property). |
17,351 | Please write an abstract with title: A constraint-based technique for haptic volume exploration, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Probes, Rendering (computer graphics), Data visualization, Feedback, Friction, Computer graphics, Scientific computing, Springs, Optical fiber couplers. Abstract: We present a haptic rendering technique that uses directional constraints to facilitate enhanced exploration modes for volumetric datasets. The algorithm restricts user motion in certain directions by incrementally moving a proxy point along the axes of a local reference frame. Reaction forces are generated by a spring coupler between the proxy and the data probe, which can be tuned to the capabilities of the haptic interface. Secondary haptic effects including field forces, friction, and texture can be easily incorporated to convey information about additional characteristics of the data. We illustrate the technique with two examples: displaying fiber orientation in heart muscle layers and exploring diffusion tensor fiber tracts in brain white matter tissue. Initial evaluation of the approach indicates that haptic constraints provide an intuitive means or displaying directional information in volume data. |
17,352 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Security Multi-Slot Chaos Encryption With Dynamic Probability for 16-CAP PON, and key words: Encryption, Chaos, Logistics, Optical attenuators, Passive optical networks. Abstract: In this paper, a high-security chaos encryption with dynamic probability for 16-carrier-less amplitude/phase (CAP) PON is proposed by using two-layer chaos map with feedforward neural network-based XOR operator (FNNXOR). The inner chaotic map is divided into several time slots, and the key of each time slot is different and dynamically allocated by outer layer of 2-dimensional logistic adjusted sine (2D-LASM) map. And the 16-CAP signal is encrypted by (CCDM) and XOR operator to realize dynamic probability and flexible rate. The ONU checks out and compares the hash value sent by OLT, so as to achieve slot synchronization. A 4 Gb/s multi-slot chaos encrypted 16-CAP signal with dynamic probability is transmitted through a 25-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The proposed scheme has a high anti-hacking capability and good performance under key leakage. Compared with conventional chaos encrypted 16-CAP signals, the probabilistic shaped signals exhibit better tolerance towards low received optical power. These experimental results verify that the proposed approach is a promising candidate for encryption in access network systems. |
17,353 | Please write an abstract with title: ISS properties of nonholonomic mobile robots, and key words: Mobile robots, Vehicle dynamics, Stability analysis, Vehicles, Control systems, Closed loop systems, Topology, Robust stability, Adaptive control, Mechanical engineering. Abstract: The paper presents the first result on ISS properties of dynamic unicycle models describing nonholonomic mobile robots. It is known that ISS is related to smooth stabilizability, however this relation cannot exclude the possibility of non smoothly stabilizable systems enjoying ISS properties. In fact, it is shown that in a certain topology that seems to suit the nonholonomic nature of the mobile robot, and by applying a particular control law, the closed loop system can be rendered locally ISS. Apart from any possible theoretical ramifications, this result encourages an ISS-based stability analysis of groups of mobile robots. |
17,354 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient algorithm for 3D reluctance extraction considering high frequency effect, and key words: Frequency, Inductance, Integrated circuit interconnections, Circuit simulation, Circuit analysis, Very large scale integration, Coupling circuits, Capacitance, Impedance, Delay. Abstract: As shown in literatures, partial reluctance based circuit analysis is efficient in capturing on-chip inductance effect, because the partial reluctance exhibits much better locality than partial inductance. However, most previous works on reluctance extraction did not take high frequency effect into account and were not efficient enough for 3D complex structure. In this paper, a new reluctance extraction algorithm is proposed considering the high frequency effect. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can handle complex 3D interconnect structures while exhibiting high accuracy and a speed-up ratio of several tens to hundreds over FastHenry. |
17,355 | Please write an abstract with title: Poster Abstract: Approach for Remote, On-Demand loading and Execution of TensorFlow Lite ML Models on Arduino IoT Boards, and key words: Visualization, Linux, Loading, Brain modeling, Web servers, Internet of Things, Security. Abstract: Traditionally, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) send device-specific over-the-air (OTA) packages to ensure the latest firmware, security patches, etc. With millions of IoT devices, even a tiny per-centage of OTA failures will result in tens of thousands of globally affected consumers. The state-of-the-art OTA methods are suited for high-end Android & embedded Linux devices and not for resource-constrained devices (e.g. MCUs, small CPUs) with only a few MB memory. Current OTA methods have been tested only on non-ML use-cases such as remote bugs patching or security flaws, etc. In this paper, we present OTA-TinyML approach that, via HTTPS, loads the C source file of ML models from a webserver into IoT boards. OTA-TinyML does not strain hardware (resource-friendly) as its implementation spans only a few lines of code. It is compatible with a range of ML models (e.g. text, speech, image domains) and MCUs (e.g. Cortex M series, STM32, Xtensa). OTA-TinyML is tested by performing remote fetching of 6 types of ML models, storing them on 4 types of memory units, then loading and executing on 7 popular Arduino IoT boards. |
17,356 | Please write an abstract with title: Explaining Any Time Series Classifier, and key words: Time series analysis, Artificial intelligence, Neural networks, Decoding, Encoding, Decision trees, Data models. Abstract: We present a method to explain the decisions of black box models for time series classification. The explanation consists of factual and counterfactual shapelet-based rules revealing the reasons for the classification, and of a set of exemplars and counter-exemplars highlighting similarities and differences with the time series under analysis. The proposed method first generates exemplar and counter-exemplar time series in the latent feature space and learns a local latent decision tree classifier. Then, it selects and decodes those respecting the decision rules explaining the decision. Finally, it learns on them a shapelet-tree that reveals the parts of the time series that must, and must not, be contained for getting the returned outcome from the black box. A wide experimentation shows that the proposed method provides faithful, meaningful and interpretable explanations. |
17,357 | Please write an abstract with title: Capabilities-based query planning in mediator systems, and key words: Technology management, Engineering management, Data engineering, Technology planning, Web sites, Databases, Mediation, Data warehouses, Process planning, Distributed processing. Abstract: Summary form only given. This article addresses the impact of capability description on query planning in heterogeneous data integration system. Query planning covers the selection of data sources related to the query and the determination of subgoals' execution orders. In the context of capability description, we propose a framework for data sources description towards generating good feasible query plans. Our approach uses information such as the semantic correspondences between local schemas and mediated schemas and the query capability descriptions to investigate factors that provide a good foundation for query planning. Finally, the proposed approach is compared with the other capability description approaches described in the literature. The obtained results demonstrate that our approach will allow data sources to advertise their capabilities in a flexible way and help to efficiently query planning. |
17,358 | Please write an abstract with title: Neutron irradiation of an ARM Cortex-M0 Core, and key words: Neutrons, Random access memory, Cameras, Microcontrollers, Radiation effects, Consumer electronics, Testing. Abstract: In this paper we report the measurement of the soft-error sensitivity of an ARM Cortex M0 core conducted at the ISIS ChipIR neutron irradiation facility. The test setup also included a CMOS camera sensor used for dosimetry estimation. The results provide the core memory and internal resources cross section thus giving useful information for developing ad-hoc fault tolerant techniques on sensitive parts. |
17,359 | Please write an abstract with title: A capstone design project to meet the needs of the changing power systems industry and satisfy new accreditation standards, and key words: Power systems, Accreditation, Power system economics, Power system planning, Power system transients, Power system analysis computing, Power system stability, Power generation economics, Environmental economics, Engineering education. Abstract: Summary form only given as follows. Currently two motivators are effecting change in power systems education. First, the industry's transition to a more competitive environment is requiring changes in the content and pedagogy of power systems education. Second, engineering education as a whole is seeking to modify its curricula to reflect a better balance between science and education in order to better meet the needs of industry. These curricular changes are largely a result of revised ABET accreditation requirements. In response to these changes, new curriculum and analysis tools were developed for a power systems capstone design course. The project integrates market economics and socio-political considerations with transient stability analysis and transmission planning. A power systems analysis package and an economic analysis tool were developed for use with this project. Student evaluations of the course in which the project was implemented indicate that the curriculum successfully addresses a broad range of ABET accreditation criteria. |
17,360 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved YOLOv4 Target Detection Algorithm Combined with DCA, and key words: Training, Object detection, Neck. Abstract: To further perfect the accuracy of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4 target detection algorithm, in this research an improved YOLOv4 target detection algorithm combined with a novel attention mechanism Dilated Coordinate Attention (DCA) is proposed. DCA is changed on the basis of Coordinate Attention (CA) attention mechanism in three ways. First, two parallel dilated convolutions with different dilation rates are added. Second, the secondary division of features in the horizontal and vertical directions is abandoned. Third, the information after global average pooling is processed directly. Finally, DCA is embedded into the neck of YOLOv4. The performance of the improved YOLOv4 algorithm is verified on the PASCAL VOC2007+2012 (VOC) dataset, and the average absolute error is introduced during training to optimize the loss function. The experimental results show that compared with other attention mechanisms, DCA achieves the best performance. The mean Average Precision(mAP)@0.5 of the improved YOLOv4 algorithm combined with DCA is 4.27% higher than that of the original YOLOv4. In addition, the precision of the YOLOv3 algorithm integrated with DCA has also been significantly improved to further prove the effectiveness of DCA. |
17,361 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of computer products with selectable factors, and key words: Hardware, Software systems, Delay, Statistical analysis, Programming, Design engineering, Computer architecture, Analytical models, Performance analysis, Computer science. Abstract: The current market of computer products is large in quantity, competitive in quality, and fast in changes. This paper develops a technique to enable early evaluation of product performance on computer hardware and/or software systems with selectable factors in respect of certain aspects of product quality. By applying statistical analysis, this new technique dramatically reduces the need of experiments that are deemed necessary for product evaluation. The speed up in processing time makes this technique particularly useful in online shopping to assist consumers making purchasing decisions and in software development to help software engineers achieving optimal designs. |
17,362 | Please write an abstract with title: FL2: Fuzzy Logic for Device Selection in Federated Learning, and key words: Federated learning, Federated Averaging, Device selection, Fuzzy Inference system, Machine Learning. Abstract: Federated Learning is an emerging paradigm in the field of Machine Learning which deals with distributed computing. Massively and geographically distributed clients participate in the training without using their private data and only send their locally trained model to the server. Since the clients may have different computational power, sizes of training sample labels with different distributions, it’s important to give different weights to each client based on these attributes. In this study, we proposed a method for giving different weights to clients using Fuzzy Logic. Results showed that the proposed approach performed better than the original Federated Averaging algorithm. |
17,363 | Please write an abstract with title: Achieving Secrecy Energy Efficiency Fairness in UAV-Enabled Multi-User Communication Systems, and key words: Autonomous aerial vehicles, Trajectory, Optimization, Resource management, Iterative methods, Telecommunications, Taylor series. Abstract: This letter investigates the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) fairness of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled multi-user communication systems where a UAV disseminates data to multiple ground users (GUs) in the presence of an eavesdropper (EVE). Taking into account the security threats from EVE, the limited on-board energy of UAV and the fairness among GUs, we formulate a user-oriented SEE maximization problem to maximize the minimum GU’s SEE by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory and resource allocation subject to the UAV motion constraints and resource budgets. Due to the difficulty in solving this problem that arises from the fractional structure of SEE and the coupling characteristic of optimization variables, we first exploit the successive convex approximation to transform the original problem to a convex one, which is further converted into a second order cone program to reduce the computational complexity. Then, a convergent iterative algorithm is designed to find the suboptimal solution. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves SEE fairness of GUs as compared to some benchmark schemes. |
17,364 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Clamping Mechanism Design for Vascular Interventional Surgery Robot, and key words: Target tracking, PI control, Surgery, Prototypes, Medical services, Manipulators, Main-secondary. Abstract: The application of vascular interventional surgery robots (VISR) can protect doctor from radiation effectively. However, the use of vascular interventional surgery robots (VISR) is still subject to some limitations. One of the limitations is that the inconsistency of the master-slave structure leads to the complexity of the entire robot structure. Another limitation is that the operation method of the master manipulator is different from the vascular interventional surgery, which makes it difficult for doctors to use their surgical experience. In this paper, a novel clamping mechanism was proposed. It can be used on both the master side and the slave side with the same structure and the operation methods on the master side is the same as that of traditional surgery. It means that the robot will have the consistency of master-slave structure by using the proposed clamping mechanism, which is advantageous for simplification of robot structure. In addition, a better surgical presence can also be provided to doctors during operation. |
17,365 | Please write an abstract with title: Centralized adaptive directional overcurrent protection system for a microgrid with relay coordination, and key words: Adaptive Directional Overcurrent Relaying, MATLAB Relay Model, Relay Coordination, Microgrid, Grid Connected Mode, Islanded Mode. Abstract: Modern society is highly concerned about eco-friendly technologies, including power generation. As a result of this, the microgrid concept has become a rapidly growing trend in this era. The introduction of microgrids offered distinct advantages such as reduced greenhouse gasses and pollutant emissions, high reliability, and minimization of overall energy consumption. Microgrids require dedicated attention for its protection solutions as the classic protection systems cannot be applied directly. These protection problems are mainly due to its drastic fault current level variation when it changes its operation mode from grid-connected mode to islanded mode. The conventional protection system has several issues, including selectivity and sensitivity between these operating modes. Adaptive protection can be used as a better solution for these issues. This paper demonstrates a centralized adaptive directional overcurrent protection system for a ring-type microgrid with a synchronous generator and three-phase inverter-based source. The test system and relay structure are modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. Simulations have been done for three possible configurations considering both grid-connected and islanded modes. The results are obtained to observe the primary and backup relay behavior for different configurations. |
17,366 | Please write an abstract with title: Slicing for interweaved layers: Optimising traversal of 3D printer nozzle, and key words: Solid modeling, Printers, Three-dimensional displays, Three-dimensional printing, Surface treatment, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Printing high resolution model can be a time consuming process because as the resolution is increased and number of layers required increases, increasing the path the printer nozzle needs to travel and the increasing the time to print the model. This paper presents a method of generating a detailed section of the wall of a model when slicing a model by generating interweaving layers that allows the model to print one section of the models walls at twice the resolution of the rest of the model, without an equivalent increase in print time. |
17,367 | Please write an abstract with title: Media saturation and overwrite in perpendicular recording, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Saturation magnetization, Magnetic flux, Magnetic heads, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic noise, Time domain analysis, Signal analysis, Geometry, Coercive force. Abstract: A novel spin-stand method for measuring the perpendicular write pole "footprint" is proposed. This method allows the detailed study of the spatio-temporal pole footprint dynamics and the two-dimensional media saturation and noise. Experimental footprint measurements are presented and the problems caused by the magnetic nonuniformity of the poles are addressed. The perpendicular overwrite process is studied by time-domain waveform analysis. The spatial distribution of the overwrite signal is determined by the geometry and the magnetic uniformity of the write pole footprint. The dependence of recording parameters on write current overshoot in perpendicular recording is also analyzed. |
17,368 | Please write an abstract with title: A small-sized waveguide horn with multi-ridge impedance transformer, and key words: Impedance, Electromagnetic waveguides, Cutoff frequency, Horn antennas, Reflector antennas, Antenna feeds, Inductors, Telemetry, Aperture antennas, Degradation. Abstract: This paper proposes a new configuration of small-sized horn having broad beamwidth with multi-ridge impedance transformer to realize small aperture size, which is to be near cut-off frequency. The small-sized aperture near cut-off frequency causes mismatch loss because of indication of high impedance like the open-ended waveguide. In order to overcome this problem, the multi-ridge part, which reduces the characteristic impedance, is introduced at the end of the horn aperture to transform the waveguide to free space smoothly. This novel configuration can achieve impedance matching at around the cut-off frequency and keeps the broad beamwidth. |
17,369 | Please write an abstract with title: AFDM : an Analytical Framework of Dialogue Manager, and key words: Current measurement, Computational modeling, Natural languages, Task analysis, Intelligent systems. Abstract: A computer system which provides the possibility of human- like conversation with the system for users, is called dialogue system. A dialogue system consists of different components. Dialogue manager is the core component of every dialogue system composed of Dialog State Tracker and Policy Learning. A dialogue management system is able to direct a conversation between agents, including both human and computer. A variety of models have been developed for dialogue manager. This paper provides an Analytical Framework for Dialogue Managers (AFDM) which overview wide range of techniques applied for developing dialogue manager component. AFDM framework works in three parts including: 1) a classification of current approaches applied to dialogue management task, 2) introducing the evaluation measures and 3) analytical evaluations. Also, we discuss the main qualitative properties of each approach. This framework is designed in order to pave the way for future research with the aim of a) improving current models, b) selecting a method based on its properties, or c) comparing future strategies. |
17,370 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an IoT Based Domestic Monitoring and Alerting System for Paralysed Patients, and key words: GSM, Spinal cord, Microcontrollers, Prototypes, Receivers, Feature extraction, Software. Abstract: We might come across lots of paralyzed patients in our day-to-day life. The cause of the condition could be due to trauma because of accidents, stroke, polio etc., Depending on the nerve response to the brain and spinal cord, the specific parts of the body or even the whole body become paralyzed accordingly. To make distance communication between the patient and caretaker easier, we have implemented an IoT based system to send and receive an SMS by using LabVIEW Software. The patient can send the SMS easily by hand movements. The message will be sent according to the direction of the patient's hand movement. This Software is used to send, read the data to the cloud and message will be sent to the caretaker's mobile simultaneously. We have also used GSM in our project to send the message as SMS. The main motto of this project is to send the message to the caretaker as fast as possible. Besides paralysed individuals, visually impaired persons and Covid patients in hospitals who are unable to use a cell phone and need to make contactless communication with physicians, can utilize it. This gadget can be used for a multitude of long-distance communications. The prototype is relatively inexpensive and portable. |
17,371 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on RFID Virtual Tag Location Algorithm Based on Monte Carlo, and key words: Interpolation, Monte Carlo methods, Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Stability analysis, Particle swarm optimization, Radiofrequency identification. Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large positioning error and low positioning effect at the boundary of traditional RFID virtual tag positioning algorithm, this paper compares the influence of four different interpolation methods of virtual reference tag signal strength on positioning accuracy, and proposes a RFID virtual tag positioning algorithm based on Monte Carlo. The algorithm uses dynamic particles to replace the traditional static reference tag; introduces particle swarm optimization algorithm to update the Monte Carlo sample particle swarm, and gives different weights to the sampling particles based on the signal strength difference between the sampling particles and the undetermined tags, and finally completes the localization of the unknown tags through Monte Carlo resampling. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of RFID positioning system compared with the traditional virtual tag positioning algorithm. |
17,372 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel high-performance and robust sense amplifier using independent gate control in sub-50-nm double-gate MOSFET, and key words: Robust control, MOSFET circuits, Circuit synthesis, Robustness, Back, Circuit simulation, Medical simulation, Delay, Silicon, Random access memory. Abstract: Double-gate (DG) transistor has emerged as one of the most promising devices for nano-scale circuit design. In this paper, we propose a high-performance and robust sense-amplifier design using independent gate control in symmetric and asymmetric DG devices for sub-50-nm technologies. The proposed sense amplifier has better performance (30%-35% less sensing delay) and robustness (60%-80% less minimum input bit-differential for correct operation considering 10% worst case silicon thickness mismatch) compared to the connected gate design. Hence, the proposed design successfully demonstrates the benefit of using independent gate control in DG devices for efficient circuit design in sub-50-nm regime. |
17,373 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Two-Level Energy Optimized Dispatching Strategy of Microgrid Cluster Based on IPSO Algorithm, and key words: Microgrids, Optimization, Dispatching, Economics, Load modeling, Linear programming, State of charge. Abstract: This paper considers the economy and stability of the microgrid cluster system, and proposes a two-level energy optimization dispatching strategy for the microgrid cluster, which aims to coordinate the economic benefits and operational risks of the microgrid while reducing the interactive power and fluctuations between the microgrid cluster and the distribution network, and reduce line loss. The first level takes the microgrid as the research object, takes the highest economic benefit and the lowest operational risk as the optimization goals, uses the improved PSO algorithm to solve the problem, and builds the unit risk-economic benefit ratio screening solution set, and then formulates the internal dispatching candidate strategy of the microgrid. The second level is based on the premise that the interactive power between the microgrid cluster and the distribution network is minimized, and the optimal internal dispatching strategy of each microgrid is determined. Then the line loss of the microgrid cluster system is considered, and the microgrid cluster energy complementary scheme is formulated. Finally, a practical example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the two-level dispatching strategy and the improved algorithm. |
17,374 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multimodal Biomedical Image Registration Method Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm Inspired by Hybrid Breeding, and key words: Image registration, Sociology, Process control, Search problems, Robustness, Statistics, Optimization. Abstract: Image Registration(IR) has been widely applied in biomedical image processing. It is the process of finding an optimal geometric transformation to align two images, which could be defined as a parameter optimization issue. Genetic Algorithm(GA) is one of the most efficient methods for solving complex optimization problems and it has been applied to the real-coding IR problem. However, the classical GA suffers from premature convergence and is easy to fall into local optimum. Inspired by heterosis, which is a common phenomenon in biology, this study proposes an improved GA. By artificially simulating the breeding process of Chinese three-line hybrid rice, known as a successful application of heterosis, the original crossover and mutation mechanisms of GA are improved, and a dynamic diversity controller is designed. This study conducts several multimodal biomedical IR experiments to compare the improved GA with state-of-the-art IR methods, the results show that the proposed method outperforms the others in most scenarios with faster convergence speed and greater robustness. |
17,375 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D Printed Magnetic Field Coil for Medium Frequency Epstein Tester, and key words: Strips, Loss measurement, Magnetic field measurement, Frequency measurement, Printing, Magnetization. Abstract: For the determination of magnetic energy losses of SiFe sheets as applied for technical frequencies, the most effective tool is given by the standardized single sheet tester (SST). However, for measurements at elevated frequency, as becoming relevant in increasing ways, the SST fails due to strongly enhanced eddy currents. An alternative is given by the Epstein tester (ET). However, its results are affected by edge effects from sample slitting and strong inhomogeneity of flux distribution. Here, we propose the so-called Grand ET where these impacts are restricted through doubled strip width and through an extra-thin, precisely, 3-D printed tangential field coil of reduced edge height. Moreover, a restricted coil length yields concentration to the sample region of acceptable homogeneity. The coil is manufactured by the so-called 3-D-assembler that allows printing of all components, including the windings. Presentation of loss results is given for a medium frequency range of 1 kHz up to 20 kHz where losses reach the order of hundreds of W/kg. Rapid testing is favored by a restriction to just two sample strips. |
17,376 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi sensor based tracking of pedestrians: a survey of suitable movement models, and key words: Sensor systems, Infrared sensors, Target tracking, Roads, Infrared detectors, Cameras, Laser fusion, Laser modes, Sensor fusion, System testing. Abstract: This article presents a multi sensor approach for driver assistance systems: the detection and tracking of pedestrians in a road environment. A multi sensor system consisting of a far infrared camera and a laser scanning device is used for the detection and precise localization of pedestrians. Kalman filter based data fusion handles the combination of the sensor information of the infrared camera and of the laser scanner. Arranging a set of Kalman filters in parallel, a multi sensor/multi target tracking system was created. The usage of suitable movement models has a great influence on the performance of the tracking system. Several types of models are discussed focussing on the typical behavior of pedestrians in road environments. The multi sensor/multi target tracking system is installed on a test vehicle to obtain practical results which is discussed in this article too. |
17,377 | Please write an abstract with title: Tolerance analysis and compensation for focusing unit of near field recording system, and key words: Tolerance analysis, Optical recording, Lenses, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Manufacturing, Assembly, Memory, Optical diffraction, Optical propagation. Abstract: Recently, the NFR (near field recording) system has been introduced as a new optical data storage method to realize higher density recording beyond the diffraction limit (H.K. Yoon et al., KSPE, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 46-52, 2000; E. Betzig et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 61, pp. 142-144, 1992; B.D. Terris et al, ibid., vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 141-143, 1996; B.D. Terris et al., ibid., vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 388-390, 1994). It is based on focusing propagating light with an objective lens (OL) onto the bottom of the solid immersion lens (SIL), which is made of a high refractive index (>1.0) to make the numerical aperture (NA) larger than one. However, using the OL and SIL as a focusing unit (FU), there are serious problems, such as alignment error between SIL and OL, and manufacturing errors of the OL and SIL. These errors can cause aberrations and influence the performance of whole recording system. Tight assembling and manufacturing tolerance in NFR is one of the major barriers to be overcome. In this paper, tolerance analysis for the focusing unit of a near field recording system is presented. The assembling and manufacturing tolerances of SIL and OL are simulated. In addition, we proposed to move the collimating lens (CL) back and forth to compensate and control these tolerances, especially in the optical axis direction. |
17,378 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on a Device for Measuring Elevator Landing Door Clearance, and key words: Technological innovation, Torque, Size measurement, Elevators, Force sensors, Clamps, Plugs. Abstract: According to TSG 7001-2009, after the door is closed, the gap between door leaves and between door leaves and column, lintel and sill shall not be greater than 6mm for passenger elevator; For the cargo elevator, it is not more than 8mm, and it is allowed to reach 10mm due to wear during use; In the opening direction of the active door leaf of the horizontal moving door and folding door, apply 150n manpower at the most unfavorable point, and the gap described in the previous article is allowed to increase, but for the side door, it is not more than 30mm, and for the center door, the sum is not more than 45mm. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the clearance of landing door and the locking effect of landing door lock. this paper provides a device for measuring the clearance and locking of elevator landing door, which has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use. |
17,379 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on IMC morphology and integration flow for low temperature and high throughput TCB down to $10\mu \mathrm{m}$ pitch microbumps, and key words: Wafer bonding, Temperature distribution, Chemistry, Annealing, Three-dimensional displays, Stacking, Morphology. Abstract: In this paper full integration flow for a low temperature (150°C) and high throughput die to wafer bonding method is introduced for microbumps pitches down to 10 μm. The impact of Co plating chemistry, Sn thickness, annealing temperature and bump diameter on CoSn3 IMC morphology is studied in detail. Furthermore, the electrical data and cross section SEM images of the bonded samples are shown for 20 μm and 10 μm pitch daisy chains. |
17,380 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Texture Trait Extraction Algorithm of Folk Art Patterns Based on Computer Image Recognition, and key words: Image sensors, Visualization, Image recognition, Image retrieval, Object detection, Surface texture, Sensors. Abstract: As a basic property of object surface, texture is broadly used in image analysis because it can well characterize the image. Texture is the most vital way of visual perception and a main way for humans to distinguish various objects. In the past few days, it has become a study hotspot in the domain of image conduct. As a carrier of message, image has the characteristics of intuition, large amount of message, and convenient communication between various countries. It is an vital part of network multimedia. Text-based image retrieval is the basis of content-based image retrieval. It is difficult to imagine the workload of manually interpreting image message, and its feasibility is also questionable. The means used in this article is computer image recognition, which uses visual sensors to replace human vision, receives external visual signals through visual sensors, converts the signals into visual images, and then processes the images to obtain message of interest that is similar to human visual perception. . The study in this article shows that the algorithm in this article can achieve a higher recognition ratio when the trait dimension is low. The recognition ratio of the means in this article is higher than that of the traditional algorithm. |
17,381 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple and Robust Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for DFIGs in Wind Turbine Systems, and key words: Predictive control, DFIG, wind turbine, disturbance observer. Abstract: This paper proposed a simple and robust Finite-control-set model-predictive control (FCS-MPC) technique for doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in wind turbine applications. In the suggested control technique, the machine model and demanded reference currents are exploited to give the reference voltage vector (RVV). Furthermore, the disturbance caused by parameters variations or by any un-modeled dynamics is estimated by a simple observer and added to the RVV calculations. Finally, based on the location of this RVV, two iterations are required for the quality function to produce the optimal switching state to apply. The suggested FCS-MPC scheme was experimentally validated and the response was contrasted with the classical FCS-MPC. |
17,382 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Low-Profile Filtering Antennas With Dual-Mode Cavities, and key words: Cavity resonators, Filtering, Antenna measurements, Resonant frequency, Passband, Slot antennas. Abstract: Two filtering antennas implemented on the dual-mode cavities are proposed, investigated and experimentally verified in this paper. They are developed based on the single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The rectangular SIW dual-mode cavities (using TE102, TE201 and TE301 modes) are effectively stimulated with a simple capacitive feeding near the diagonal line of the cavity. Surface current distribution is firstly analyzed for the optimal positions of slot radiators. Two rectangular slots are etched on the top surface of the SIW cavity, which are used to interfere the original current flow of one particular mode and generate radiation. These orthogonal dual-modes are used to obtain a filtering response. Their resonance frequencies are close to each other leading to field rotation and interaction with a radiation null generated outside the passband. The radiation and filtering function are achieved simultaneously by the dual-mode cavity, therefore only one cavity is required, resulting in a compact and simple antenna configuration. Good agreement has been observed between the simulation and measurement. They offer a variety of nice features, such as interesting working mechanism, low-profile, high radiation gain and good passband selectivity, which are also suitable for high-frequency antenna application. |
17,383 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Considering Radiation Beam Width, and key words: Antennas, Resonant frequency, PIN photodiodes, Dipole antennas, Reflection coefficient, Reflector antennas, Antenna feeds. Abstract: A frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna is proposed. A circular patch and a C-shaped ring are used for different frequency bands and the two parts are connected by the PIN diode. The two parts can be one resonator when the PIN diode is shorted, otherwise to make the two parts independent. Because the main resonators are different for the different bands, the beam widths can be tuned to be similar for both bands. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna can cover frequency bands of 4.64–4.7GHz and 7.77–7.9GHz with reflection coefficient below −10 dB. The 3dB beam widths are between ± 40° to ±47°. |
17,384 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Supervised Learning of Detailed 3D Face Reconstruction, and key words: Face, Three-dimensional displays, Solid modeling, Image reconstruction, Computational modeling, Training, Supervised learning. Abstract: In this article, we present an end-to-end learning framework for detailed 3D face reconstruction from a single image. Our approach uses a 3DMM-based coarse model and a displacement map in UV-space to represent a 3D face. Unlike previous work addressing the problem, our learning framework does not require supervision of surrogate ground-truth 3D models computed with traditional approaches. Instead, we utilize the input image itself as supervision during learning. In the first stage, we combine a photometric loss and a facial perceptual loss between the input face and the rendered face, to regress a 3DMM-based coarse model. In the second stage, both the input image and the regressed texture of the coarse model are unwrapped into UV-space, and then sent through an image-to-image translation network to predict a displacement map in UV-space. The displacement map and the coarse model are used to render a final detailed face, which again can be compared with the original input image to serve as a photometric loss for the second stage. The advantage of learning displacement map in UV-space is that face alignment can be explicitly done during the unwrapping, thus facial details are easier to learn from large amount of data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over previous work. |
17,385 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of a Ka-Band Satellite System Under Variable Transmitted Signal Power Conditions, and key words: Bit error rate, System testing, Satellite communication, Distortion measurement, Performance evaluation, Power measurement, Downlink, Frequency, Artificial satellites, Rain. Abstract: A laboratory hardware-based satellite communication system simulator has been used to measure the effects of transmitted signal power changes on the performance of a Ka-band system. Such power changes can be used to compensate for signal fade due to rain attenuation. This paper presents and discusses the results of these measurements. |
17,386 | Please write an abstract with title: A 9.6 mW/Ch 10 MHz Wide-bandwidth Electrical Impedance Tomography IC with Accurate Phase Compensation for Breast Cancer Detection, and key words: Tomography, Integrated circuits, Impedance, Current measurement, Breast cancer, Dynamic range. Abstract: A 10MHz wide-bandwidth Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) IC is proposed for compact and high-precision breast cancer detection system. The proposed IC has three key features: 1) wide dynamic range LNA (WDR-LNA), enabling low noise impedance measurements for the high-resolution imaging, 2) reconfigurable front-end architecture (RFA) to remove external multiplexer for the compact system integration, and 3) phase compensation loop (PCL) to efficiently correct the phase error, which is the primary challenge in wide-bandwidth EIT system. Thanks to the key features, the proposed prototype breast cancer detection system with the dedicated EIT IC can operate up to 10 MHz with a small phase error of 4.32 degree, eventually can detect a small size target object of 0.5 cm and verified with the phantom experiments. |
17,387 | Please write an abstract with title: Review and Thermo-Fluids Numerical Modeling on Electrostatic Chuck, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Spirals, Shape, Semiconductor device manufacture, Coolants, Solids, Numerical models. Abstract: Electrostatic chucks (ESC) are used in advanced semiconductor manufacturing to clamp wafer combining with backside gas cooling and coolant channel to control wafer temperature during processing. To analyze the complexity and difficulties of ESC, we reviewed published studies on ESC, including chucking principle and de-chuck models. Based on this in-depth analysis, we studied the heat transfer of the ESC system and built numerical models to investigate the thermal performance of coolant channel design. The numerical results have been utilized as guide for high performance ESC design. |
17,388 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Reliable IoT: Fog-Based AI Sensor Validation, and key words: Sensors, Security, Cloud computing, Hardware, Reliability, Bandwidth, Cameras. Abstract: Trust, reliability, and validation of data collected in distributed edge sensor systems is an increasingly relevant issue. Though the obvious solution of deploying redundant identical systems can provide validation, real-world modification constraints can sometimes make this difficult, or even prevent this. However, many distributed sensors exist for other purposes, that may be available to be used. Introducing validation with existing sensors may impose too high a requirement for bandwidth to use cloud-based validation, while edge-based validation may require too much computing power. A fog-based validation layer using sensory substitution is presented. With the rise of cyber-physical attacks on cloud, fog, and edge computing systems, validation is important, and lack of correct validation has been seen in some high impact cases where incorrect sensor data can be thought of as as true. A playback cyber-attack is discussed, and an algorithm for increasing reliability of IoT systems in the case of typical sensor errors or more serious incidents like cyber-physical attacks is presented. Given the need for dependable autonomy and reliability in IoT systems, this paper presents a method of sensor validation to increase robustness, resilience and dependability of sensed data by detecting false positives and negatives, and corroboration of true positives and negatives, using sensory substitution. Perhaps sometimes sensor data is trusted without ongoing validation. Using the example of cameras and artificial intelligence-based human presence detection, as well as using ambient distributed magnetometers and luminosity sensors, examples of a fog-based corroboration and validation methodology for human detection is presented. Results show the technique is an effective vector for sensor validation using available sensors, and scenarios where sensory substitution corrects false positives and false negatives from an artificial intelligence visual model are shown. |
17,389 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration and Trial of a new CWDM and Circulator integrated semi-active system for 5G fronthual, and key words: Optical fibers, Protection switching, 5G mobile communication, Optical switches, Circulators, Real-time systems, Optical reflection. Abstract: We demonstrate a new CWDM and Circulator integrated semi-active system for 5G fronthaul, and key test data. The system can support 6-channel 25 Gbit/s fronthaul channel capability, and support protection switching function, real-time signal power of multiple working wavelengths Online detection function, and reflected interference signal power detection function. |
17,390 | Please write an abstract with title: Inter-Robot Range Measurements in Pose Graph Optimization, and key words: Visualization, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Extraterrestrial measurements, Distance measurement, Sensors, Robots, Optimization. Abstract: For multiple robots performing exploration in a previously unmapped environment, such as planetary exploration, maintaining accurate localization and building a consistent map are vital. If the robots do not have a map to localize against and do not explore the same area, they may not be able to find visual loop closures to constrain their relative poses, making traditional SLAM impossible. This paper presents a method for using UWB ranging sensors in multi-robot SLAM, which allows the robots to localize and build a map together even without visual loop closures. The ranging measurements are added to the pose graph as edges and used in optimization to estimate the robots' relative poses. This method builds a map using all robots' observations that is consistent and usable. It performs similarly to visual loop closures when they are available, and provides a good map when they are not, which other methods cannot do. The method is demonstrated on PUFFER robots, developed for autonomous planetary exploration, in an unstructured environment. |
17,391 | Please write an abstract with title: Independent adaptive control of surviving symbol replica candidates at each stage based on minimum branch metric in QRM-MLD for OFCDM MIMO multiplexing [mobile radio], and key words: Adaptive control, OFDM, MIMO, Land mobile radio, Code division multiplexing, Programmable control, Maximum likelihood detection, Frequency, Computer simulation, Error analysis. Abstract: This paper proposes independent adaptive control of the number of surviving symbol replica candidates, S/sub m/, to calculate branch metrics, i.e., squared Euclidian distances, at each stage based on the minimums accumulated branch metric of each state in maximum likelihood detection, applying QR decomposition and the M-algorithm (QRM-MLD hereafter) for orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) MIMO multiplexing. In the proposed algorithm, the number of surviving symbol replica candidates at the m-th stage is independently controlled using the threshold value calculated from the minimum accumulated branch metric at the stage and estimated noise power. Computer simulation results show that the average number of squared Euclidian distance computations for the proposed adaptive independent S/sub m/ control method is decreased to approximately 1/3 that of the adaptive common S/sub m/ control and to approximately 1/6 that of the fixed S/sub m/ method for all stages, assuming for all control methods an identical achievable average block error rate. |
17,392 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible Design Opportunities in Small-Satellites Launch Infrastructures, and key words: Economics, Reactive power, Satellite constellations, Uncertainty, Satellites, Monte Carlo methods, Liquids. Abstract: The emergence of new small launchers for 100–250 kg satellite payloads makes the case for new space launch complexes that can support the future growing demand for launches of satellite constellations. However, development timeline and architecture of new launchers, as well as launch demand, are uncertain. Therefore, there is great uncertainty about the economic viability of any specific design for the development of new launch infrastructure projects. This study demonstrates how flexible design of the launch facility can increase the financial feasibility of new launch infrastructure projects. We do this by comparing the economic performance of fixed and flexible designs, considering uncertainties about the type of launchers that will succeed on the markets, their development time, and the launch demand. The infrastructure is hypothetically located in Europe, where there is a high uncertainty about the future emergence of new launchers. The fixed, inflexible designs involve upfront decisions to realize launches using a single propellant (solid, liquid, or hybrid). The flexible design invests only in a minimal set of initial flexible facilities that can support various propellants, while holding the option to add later propellant-specific infrastructure. The economic analysis applies Monte Carlo simulation to a spreadsheet of the discounted cash flows of revenues and expenses over the life to the project. This leads to estimates of the distribution of both Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) and the 5% Value at Risk (VAR) of the project. The results show that the flexible design has the highest VAR, because acquiring flexibility is costly as it requires to design after a superset of requirements; however, while all projects have a negative ENPV, the flexible design outperforms the inflexible designs on average, and dominates the inflexible designs if one considers the incentives of both the public and private parts in a hypothetical public-private partnership. |
17,393 | Please write an abstract with title: ACTracker: A Fast and Efficient Attack Investigation Method Based on Event Causality, and key words: Statistical analysis, Conferences, Forensics, Security, Communication networks. Abstract: The emerging advanced persistent threats (APT) have become a significant threat to enterprise network security. Carrying out the attack's causality analysis can help the cyber analyst understand the APT attack process and safely recover the system from the attack. How to quickly perform an efficient causality analysis and generate an attack dependency graph that is easy for analysts to understand has become a problem. In this paper, we propose ACTracker, a fast and efficient attack causality tracker. Firstly, the tracker generates a complete provenance graph based on threat alert and then calculates each provenance path's anomaly score based on the anomaly score of each event. ACTracker quickly constructs a dependency graph describing the causality of attacks by considering the anomaly degree of each provenance path in the provenance graph. We also design a novel statistical method of event frequency to adapt to different scales of corporate network environments and assign anomaly scores to each event based on the event's rarity in the current environment. We evaluate our system by simulating a variety of real-world attacks. The experimental results show that our solution can effectively track attack activities in a short time. |
17,394 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Characterization of V2V Link Performance in Highway Vehicular Networks, and key words: Road transportation, 5G mobile communication, Design methodology, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Probability, Benchmark testing, Real-time systems. Abstract: In this paper, we consider a vehicular network in a highway scenario and assess the reliability of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication links between the vehicles separated by a lane. The statistical characterization of the V2V link is particularly challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of the link blockages. To address this, we adopt a real-time, simulation-based approach that considers a multiple-lane highway scenario, with standard vehicle dimensions to model the blockages. We study the statistics of the data sizes which can be sent over the uninterrupted LOS links, and also calculate the probability of blockage for different lane velocities. These values can serve as a performance benchmark for V2V transmissions and provide essential design guidelines for V2V operators. Our results show that the LOS probability and data size for uninterrupted transmission increase with the decrease in the relative speed of the vehicles in adjacent lanes. |
17,395 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Noise Distribution of Power Network System, and key words: Solid modeling, Power measurement, Frequency-domain analysis, Resonant frequency, Interference, Time measurement, Frequency estimation. Abstract: For electronics products to become more miniature, the signal will much easier to be interference. Power noise is considered to be the main issue to signal interference. As stated above, Power Integrity (PI), Signal Integrity(SI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) issues are gradually important. This paper researches interference distribution of power noise on the Printed circuit board(PCB) and analyzed its mechanism. The relationship between return path and noise interference is also proposed in this paper. With frequency domain and time domain nearfield measurement technology, the frequency band of power noise interference and mechanism of power noise interference could have a direct result for analysis. |
17,396 | Please write an abstract with title: The structure of recursible multidimensional discrete systems, and key words: Multidimensional systems, Flow graphs, Signal processing algorithms, Equations, Multidimensional signal processing, Digital signal processing, Estimation theory, Polynomials, Parallel processing. Abstract: In this paper, the concept of a recursible multidimensional system is introduced. These systems are a generalization of causal one-dimensional (1-D) systems, but are not tied to any particular ordering. With regard to implementation, they occupy the same position of importance that causal systems occupy in the 1-D case. A framework for the characterization and structural description of recursible systems is presented. Included in this description are a theorem characterizing recursible systems and recursible multidimensional difference equations, a generalized signal flow graph formalism, a new state-space model, and an extended state-space representation which allows algorithms not describable by a state-space model to be described by a state-space-like framework. Examples are given to illustrate each of these concepts. |
17,397 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of expansion into matrix series to analysis of attractors of complex nonlinear dynamical systems, and key words: Matrix decomposition, State-space methods, Differential equations, Fluctuations, Asymptotic stability, Digital signal processing, Vectors, Taylor series, Kernel. Abstract: Decomposition methods of nonlinear operators describing the behavior of system in state space (phase space) are very important for analysis, identification and modeling of nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS), in particular NDS with self-organization (or complex NDS). The aim of this paper is derivation and classification of matrix series describing decomposition of vector functions from phase space variables and NDS operators into state space. This paper also develops some statements of matrix decomposition and main principles for analysis of attractors of complex NDS. |
17,398 | Please write an abstract with title: Android Adware Detection Model Based on Machine Learning Techniques, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Software algorithms, Telecommunication traffic, Malware, Security, Smart devices, Smart phones. Abstract: In recent years, the popularity and use of smartphones have increased which make it the main medium of communication. Attackers are constantly monitoring smartphones to get secret data and information from them through various attacks of malware, one of them is Advertising Software (Adware). Security specialists and researchers are working on the effective detection of android malware using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. In this paper, a new detection model is proposed to protect smart devices from adware attacks via monitoring the network traffic. Several data pre-processing, feature selection techniques, and ML algorithms are used to detect adware samples in is presented dataset. Then, a comparison was made between the ML classifiers, Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Decision Tree (DT), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), XGBoost (XGB), and Logistic Regression (LR) via seven performance metrics to determine the best for adware detection. The proposed method showed the best detection accuracy are (98.66%), (98.10%) and (98.05%) for (DT), (XGB) and (k-NN) respectively. |
17,399 | Please write an abstract with title: Step Size Determination for Finding Low-Rank Solutions Via Non-Convex Bi-Factored Matrix Factorization, and key words: Memory management, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Size measurement, Search problems, Sensors, Computational complexity. Abstract: In this paper we present an exact line search approach in order to find a suitable step size for the problem of recovering a low-rank matrix from linear measurements via non-convex bi-factored matrix factorization approaches as used in the bi-factored gradient descent (BFGD) algorithm. For the specific case of using the squared Frobenius norm as convex regularizer we prove that unique solutions for the step sizes exist. The computational complexity of the proposed method has the same order of magnitude than common inexact line search approaches, however, it needs only one execution of the sensing operator whereas inexact line search methods need at least two. As such our method requires less memory space and CPU time. We illustrate the functionality of the proposed method by use of simulations. |
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