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18,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide-Band Equivalent Circuits of Microwave Planar Networks, and key words: Wideband, Equivalent circuits, Coaxial cables, Impedance, Cable shielding, Microwave theory and techniques, Frequency, Permittivity, Propagation losses, Communication systems. Abstract: A broad-band equivalent circuit of a generic microwave planar network is derived in terms of lumped constant elements. Contrary to previously proposed equivalent circuits, whose elements are strongly frequency dependent, the elements of the new one show only a smooth dependence on the frequency, because of the dispersion properties of microstrip structures. The equivalent circuit proposed is therefore easy to handle and is shown to be a useful basis for direct synthesis of planar structures. Good agreement with the theory is demonstrated by experiments performed on structures with different geometries up to 12.5 Ghz, by using equivalent circuits whose elements are assumed to be constant with the frequency. |
18,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital LQG Controller Design Applied to an Electronic System, and key words: IEEE transactions, Delays, Indexes, MIMO communication, Regulators. Abstract: This paper presents a practical application of a LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) (optimum) controller in an electronic system. The plant is represented by a second order discrete model. Robustness analysis is made for both the control loop and to the Kalman filter. Simulated tests and practical of the type: step response, load disturbance in the plant input, plant output contaminated with white noise is performed in order to evaluate performance and robustness propitiated by LQG control. |
18,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Early order completion contract approach to minimize the impact of demand uncertainty on supply chains, and key words: Contracts, Uncertainty, Supply chains, Modeling, Costs, Centralized control, System performance, Supply chain management, Couplings, Globalization. Abstract: Many optimization techniques have been proposed over the years to improve the performance of supply chains. Although these approaches have been shown to be effective, most of them were developed without considering uncertainties in supply chains to simplify the analysis. In fact, uncertainties can deteriorate the performance of supply chains, such as increase in total cost, or drop in fill rate, of the whole system. In distributed supply chains, participating members are not under a sole control by a central authority, the problem is even more stringent due to incomplete information sharing, or so called asymmetrical information sharing. One way to improve the system performance is to achieve coordination among participating parties through establishment of contracts. The objectives of this paper are i) to evaluate the effects of demand uncertainty in a distributed supply chain, which is modelled as an agent-based system; ii) to propose a coordination mechanism with early order completion contract to minimize the negative impacts of demand uncertainty; and iii) to present associated simulation results. Performance of the system is measured in terms of costs and fill rate. Simulation results indicate that the proposed contract approach is able to improve the performance measures of the system. |
18,803 | Please write an abstract with title: AFM, micro-PL, and PV analyses of CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/S/sub 2/ thin films solar cells on stainless steel foil, and key words: Transistors, Photovoltaic cells, Steel, Satellites, Sputtering, Substrates, NASA, Space technology, Solar energy, Magnetic flux. Abstract: A dual-chamber, large-area magnetron-sputtering unit was fabricated. CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/S/sub 2/ (CIGS2) thin films were prepared by sulfurization of DC magnetron-sputtered CuGa/In precursor on stainless steel foil substrates in Ar:H/sub 2/S(4%) mixture at 475/spl deg/C. CIGS2 thin films grew with chalcopyrite CuIn/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/S/sub 2/ phase with a = 5.67 /spl Aring/ and c = 11.34 /spl Aring/ and preferred {112} orientation. Inhomogeneous broadening, and variation of peak position and amplitude of microPL signal were probably caused by rough morphology and variation in the defect chemistry. Best efficiencies of CIGS2 solar cell on SS flexible foil measured at NREL and NASA GRC were 10.4% (AM 1.5) and 8.84% AM 0 respectively. |
18,804 | Please write an abstract with title: The reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence from the phase or magnitude of its Fourier transform, and key words: Multidimensional systems, Fourier transforms, Image reconstruction, Phase distortion, Bridges, Crystallography, Electron microscopy, Optical microscopy, Coherence, Electron optics. Abstract: This paper addresses two fundamental issues involved in the reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence from either the phase or magnitude of its Fourier transform. The first issue relates to the uniqueness of a multidimensional sequence in terms of its phase or magnitude. Although phase or magnitude information alone is not sufficient, in general, to uniquely specify a sequence, a large class of sequences are shown to be recoverable from their phase or magnitude. The second issue which is addressed in this paper concerns the actual reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence from its phase or magnitude. For those sequences which are uniquely specified by their phase, several practical algorithms are described which may be used to reconstruct a sequence from its phase. Several examples of phase-only reconstruction are also presented. Unfortunately, however, even for those sequences which are uniquely defined by their magnitude, it appears that a practical algorithm is yet to be developed for reconstructing a sequence from only its magnitude. Nevertheless, an iterative procedure which has been proposed is briefly discussed and evaluated. |
18,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Field Angular Scan Enhancement of Antenna Arrays Using Metasurfaces, and key words: Lenses, Phased arrays, Metasurfaces, Optics, Antenna arrays, Degradation, Gratings. Abstract: In this publication, we continue our previous work on extending the angular scan range of phased arrays using metasurfaces. We consider in detail scan enhancement using a single metasurface lens in the near-field of a source and provide analytical expressions for source excitation to obtain a desired beam. We show that such a device suffers from the same directivity degradation as in the case of far-field lens placement. Moreover, we discuss in detail that this approach has limitations, and one cannot place the lens arbitrarily close to the source array. We then propose a two-lens near-field scan enhancer which is not subject to the same limitations, although still subject to the same directivity degradation. Finally, we propose a binary metasurface concept which theoretically achieves desired scan enhancement without directivity degradation. Some theoretical claims are then verified via full-field simulations. |
18,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of Frequency Tuning Curves of Soliton Self-Injection Locking to a Nonlinear Microresonator, and key words: Laser theory, Laser mode locking, Measurement by laser beam, Microcavities, Frequency measurement, Laser tuning, Pump lasers. Abstract: Self-injection locking effect eliminates the need for bulky narrow-linewidth, tunable, continuous-wave laser for pumping of high-Q optical microresonators, utilizing bare laser diodes. Here we propose an experimental technique, which allows measuring the main characteristic of self-injection locking, a frequency tuning curve. We measure tuning curves of locking to linear and nonlinear microresonators and compare them to the theoretical model. |
18,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Switching in Future Fiber-Optic Networks Utilizing Spectral and Spatial Degrees of Freedom, and key words: Optical switches, Optical fibers, Optical network units, Optical refraction, Integrated optics, Optical polarization, Multiplexing, Data centers, Space division multiplexing. Abstract: Forthcoming capacity scaling requirements of optical networks and advances in optical fiber communications beyond the omnipresent single-mode fiber operating over the conventional band introduces new opportunities and challenges for exploiting the expanded spectral and spatial resources available for fiber-optic network designs. The spectral and spatial degrees of freedom introduce utilization tradeoffs that can be leveraged under different applications. After briefly reviewing the supporting network building elements (emerging fiber types, multiplexers, optical switches, and amplifiers), we consider networking scenarios such as intra/inter datacenter, terrestrial, undersea, and wireless 5G/6G hauling networks and identify the best utilization plan and key attributes that can be harnessed by the offered spectral and spatial degrees of freedom for each scenario and how optical switching can be employed therein for traffic management. Networks supporting these scenarios are experiencing tremendous traffic growth pushing their existing implementations to their physical capacity-distance limits. New network builds must offer significant capacity multipliers in an efficient and cost-effective manner, requiring new switching solutions for supporting the unabated traffic growths foreseen in the years to come. We discuss how space-division multiplexed networks can help address this challenge in key communication scenarios. |
18,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Garbage Classification Method Based on YOLOv3, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Shape, Object detection, Computer architecture, Security, Plastics. Abstract: Computer vision has been widely used in various fields, but garbage classification based on object detection has received little attention. This paper has carried out the practice on the garbage classification in dataset of the real scene by using the network structure of object detection of YOLOv3 (you only look once version 3). First of all, two types of datasets are established, one contains only bottles, the other contains multiple categories, such as plastic, paper, etc., which are composed of pictures with complex backgrounds in real scene. Then, the principle and architecture of YOLOv3 network are described in detail, and the practice is carried out on the garbage classification dataset in the real scene. Finally, the experimental results show that the method has high accuracy in the dataset containing bottles, the recognition rate reaches 95.33%, and the recognition speed reaches 50 FPS. In addition, the yolov4 network is also applied to the dataset containing multiple garbage. |
18,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Large Scale Production of 805-MHz Pulsed Klystrons for the Spallation Neutron Source Project, and key words: Large-scale systems, Production, Klystrons, Neutrons, Acceleration, Superconducting devices, Power generation, Electron beams, Gain, Testing. Abstract: The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, by the U.S. Department of Energy. CPI is supporting the effort by providing 81 pulsed klystrons for the superconducting portion of the accelerator. The primary output power requirements are 550 kW peak, 49.5 kW average at 805 MHz, with an electron beam-to-rf conversion efficiency of 65% and an rf gain of 50 dB. Tests were performed that verified the tube could provide over 1 MW peak with minimal changes. Through April 2005, 77 units have been factory-tested. Performance specifications, computer model predictions, operating results, and production statistics will be presented. |
18,810 | Please write an abstract with title: A Network Security Situation Element Extraction Method Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Transformer, and key words: Feature extraction, Telecommunication traffic, Transformers, Network security, Classification algorithms, Support vector machines, Supervised learning, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: Recently, the massive increase in network users has dramatically increased network traffic, making it more difficult to maintain network security. The task of network security situation element extraction is to detect and classify network traffic. The detection rate of minority class samples is low in existing network traffic feature extraction classification methods, and most of the network threat data have seen extreme sample imbalance, which further affects the detection accuracy of minority class samples. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a network security situation element extraction method using conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) and Transformer. Here, CGAN is applied to solve the sample imbalance problem in the data and improve the detection accuracy of minority samples. Transformer, as an effective feature learning method in natural language direction, has excellent long-distance feature extraction ability. By combining CGAN with Transformer, the detection accuracy of network traffic can be effectively improved. Also, validation was performed using the UNSW-NB15 and KDDcup99 datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the method using a combination of CGAN and Transformer improved the detection rate for minority samples compared with other advanced-feature extraction classification methods, thereby improving the overall accuracy, F1-score, and specificity. The results are 89.38 % and 93.07 %, 89.75 % and 93.68 %, 87.65 % and 98.20 %, respectively. |
18,811 | Please write an abstract with title: OFDM-based algorithm for peak average power ratio suppressing in underwater wireless optical communications, and key words: Wireless communication, Correlation, Chaotic communication, Peak to average power ratio, Interference, Optical fiber communication, Frequency division multiplexing. Abstract: An improved SLM algorithm is proposed to improve the PAPR reduction capability of OFDM-based UWOC. In order to reduce data correlation, chaotic sequences are employed. Simulation findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. |
18,812 | Please write an abstract with title: OMU: A Probabilistic 3D Occupancy Mapping Accelerator for Real-time OctoMap at the Edge, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Autonomous systems, Probabilistic logic, Throughput, Real-time systems, Reliability. Abstract: Autonomous machines (e.g., vehicles, mobile robots, drones) require sophisticated 3D mapping to perceive the dynamic environment. However, maintaining a real-time 3D map is expensive both in terms of compute and memory requirements, especially for resource-constrained edge machines. Probabilistic OctoMap is a reliable and memory-efficient 3D dense map model to represent the full environment, with dynamic voxel node pruning and expansion capacity. It is widely used but limited by its single-thread design. This paper presents the first efficient accelerator solution, i.e. OMU, to enable real-time probabilistic 3D mapping at the edge. The proposed 3D mapping accelerator is implemented and evaluated using a commercial 12 nm technology. Compared to the ARM Cortex-A57 CPU in the Nvidia Jetson TX2 platform, the proposed accelerator achieves up to 62 × performance and 708 × energy efficiency improvement. Furthermore, the accelerator provides 63 FPS throughput, more than 2 × higher than a real-time requirement, enabling real-time perception for 3D mapping. |
18,813 | Please write an abstract with title: NVSS: High-quality Novel View Selfie Synthesis, and key words: Geometry, Training, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Tracking, Semantics, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: We present a novel method to synthesize novel view selfies from a mobile phone captured video. This is challenging due to the inconsistent geometry that is caused by the person’s unavoidable movement. Recent methods reconstruct the whole deformable scene implicitly with a deformation field. We argue that they are inefficient and hard to fit diverse real-world videos. In contrast, we use an explicit reconstruction for generalization and efficiency, where we separately track, reconstruct, and synthesize the foreground and background to overcome the geometry inconsistency. Several novel and effective modules are proposed for better performance and visual results. We demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method against the existing alternatives in a collection of our captured selfie videos with the support of quantitative and qualitative results. |
18,814 | Please write an abstract with title: A new sum of products implementation for digital signal processing, and key words: Digital signal processing, Roundoff errors, Adders, Active filters, Design engineering, Passive filters, Telecommunications, Circuit theory, Microstrip filters, Microstrip components. Abstract: A new implementation of sum of products using the left-sided multiplication is proposed. An analysis of its roundoff error is presented. It is found that this implementation of the sum of products is more economical and exhibits a smaller roundoff error than the conventional sum of rounded products approach. |
18,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Max-Min Energy Efficiency Optimization Algorithm for Wireless Power Transfer Enabled Massive MIMO Systems, and key words: Energy efficiency, MIMO communication, Resource management, Wireless communication, Optimization, Transforms, Wireless power transfer. Abstract: This paper investigates the energy efficient resource allocation algorithm to maximize the minimum user’s energy efficiency (EE) in wireless power transfer (WPT) enabled massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with the harvest-then-transmit protocol. By adopting the quadratic transform method, the non-differential EE maximization problem is first converted into an equivalent differential optimization problem. Then, an energy efficient power and time allocation algorithm based on an iterative algorithm is proposed to maximize the minimum user’s EE. Finally, simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
18,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Multi-criteria Classifier Selection for Illegal Tapping Detection in Oil Pipelines, and key words: Pipelines, Leak detection, Oils, Decision making, Feature extraction, Biological system modeling, Task analysis. Abstract: Illegal tapping of fuel pipelines has recently become one of the most relevant safety problems faced by the industry. Hundreds of illegal interventions have been reported around the world, causing a significant number of deaths, relevant impacts on the environment, and capital loss. Therefore, it is important to develop systems that are able to detect such scenarios at an early stage, enabling a fast counteract. To this end, machine learning algorithms can train models on available data for detecting future issues. Most recently, ensemble learning and dynamic classifier selection (DCS) techniques have been achieving promising results in supervised learning tasks. Such models are usually trained based on a single criterion. However, it is desirable to take into account both the number of false positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) for the illegal tapping detection task, since they are conflicting and both lead to financial losses and/or accidents. Therefore, this work proposes a novel DCS technique based on multiple criteria, namely overall local class-specific accuracy (OLCA), which employs multi-criteria decision making for dynamically selecting the best classifier for a new sample given the local true positive and negative ratios. A numerical experiment is conducted for assessing the generalization performance of the proposed method in an oil pipeline, with the goal of detecting illegal taping using pressure transient signals. Results show that OLCA is able to reduce the number of both FP and FN when dynamically selecting the classifiers of a baseline Random Forest ensemble. |
18,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction Analysis using Random Forest Algorithms to Forecast the Air Pollution Level in a Particular Location, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Forestry, Programming, Air pollution, Prediction algorithms, Naive Bayes methods, Random forests. Abstract: To forecast the degree of air pollution in a specific area of a region using techniques Innovative Random Forest against Naive Bayes. Two groups of algorithms are Random Forest and Naive Bayes. The technique was developed and tested on a 32516-record dataset. In a programming experiment, each approach was iterated N=5 times to identify different levels of air pollution. The threshold value is 0.05 percent, and the confidence interval is 95%. The G-power test is around 80% effective. When compared to Naive Bayes, the innovative Random Forest method (98.26%) offers higher accuracy (97.32%).Random forest has the highest accuracy in comparison to the Naive Bayes algorithm. Significance value for accuracy is 0.056(p>0.05), Precision 0.02(p<0.05) and recall 0.01(p<0.05) based on 2-tail analysis. Conclusion: Random Forest has improved performance when compared to Naive Bayes in the forecast of pollution in air. |
18,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Kalman Filter Based Electricity Market States Forecasting: A State-Space Framework, and key words: Electricity supply industry, Forecasting, Kalman filters, Predictive models, Power generation, Power demand, Noise measurement. Abstract: Gaining money and high profit is the dream of electricity market investors; however, it requires accurate financial knowledge and price forecasting ability. Most of the investors are used the electricity market historical information for forecasting power generation, consumption, and utility price. Unfortunately, electricity market time-series profile is high volatility and change over time, so the factual data cannot accurately reflect the electricity market states such as power consumption and generation. In the literature, there is no systematic way or suitable models that can fit, analyze, and predict electricity market system states over time. Interestingly, this paper proposes an electricity market state-space model which is obtained by a set of electricity market differential equations. After simplifying of these equations, the continuous-time electricity market state-space model is derived. Using discrete-time step size parameter, the continuous-time system is discretised. Furthermore, the noisy measurements are obtained by a set of smart sensors. Finally, the Kalmna filter based electricity market state forecasting algorithm is developed based on noisy measurements. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can properly forecast the electricity market states. Consequently, this kind of model and algorithm can help to develop the electricity market simulator and assist investor to participate/invest electricity market regardless of the world economic downtown. |
18,819 | Please write an abstract with title: High power continuous-wave operation of side-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk laser, and key words: Power lasers, Pump lasers, Laser excitation, Power generation, Diode lasers, Optical pumping, Optical surface waves, Solid lasers, Laser beams, Geometrical optics. Abstract: We have developed a side-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk laser combining the pump-beam focusing technique with the Yb:YAG/YAG composite disk structure. The output power of 235 W was obtained with the optical efficiency of 0.375 |
18,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Wafer-level active plasmonic nano-chains, and key words: Gold, Scattering, Refractive index, Color, Redox, Plasmons, Thermal conductivity. Abstract: We here present wafer-scale electrochromic films made of active plasmonic nano-chains. These plasmonic nanochains are readily fabricated via three simple steps, i.e. wafer-scale thin-film growth, thermal dewetting, and conductive polymer coating. They show vivid color dynamics across the whole visible spectra. |
18,821 | Please write an abstract with title: BockNet: Blind-Block Reconstruction Network With a Guard Window for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection, and key words: Blind-spot network, convolutional neural network, deep learning (DL), hyperspectral image (HSI), image reconstruction, neural network, self-supervised learning. Abstract: Hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) aims to identify anomalous targets that deviate from the surrounding background in unlabeled hyperspectral images (HSIs). Most existing deep networks that exploit reconstruction errors to detect anomalies are prone to fit anomalous pixels, thus yielding small reconstruction errors for anomalies, which is not favorable for separating targets from HSIs. To achieve a superior background reconstruction network for HAD purposes, this article proposes a self-supervised blind-block network (termed BockNet) with a guard window. BockNet creates a blind-block (guard window) in the center of the network’s receptive field, rendering it unable to see the information inside the guard window when reconstructing the central pixel. This process seamlessly embeds a sliding dual-window model into our BockNet, in which the inner window is the guard window and the outer window is the receptive field outside the guard window. Naturally, BockNet utilizes only the outer window information to predict/reconstruct the central pixel of the perceptive field. During the reconstruction of pixels inside anomalous targets of varying sizes, the targets typically fall into the guard window, weakening the contribution of anomalies to the reconstruction results so that those reconstructed pixels converge to the background distribution of the outer window area. Accordingly, the reconstructed HSI can be deemed as a pure background HSI, and the reconstruction error of anomalous pixels will be further enlarged, thus improving the discrimination ability of the BockNet model for anomalies. Extensive experiments on four datasets illustrate the competitive and satisfactory performance of our BockNet compared to other state-of-the-art detectors. |
18,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Physics-Based Simulation and Control Framework for Steering a Magnetically-Actuated Guidewire, and key words: Geometry, Actuators, Shape, Magnetoelasticity, Interference, Elasticity, Manipulators. Abstract: This paper establishes a physics-based simulation framework for steering a magnetically actuated guidewire based on the linear elasticity and dipoles theories. Interaction wrenches resulting from an external magnetic field and embedded magnets in a continuum rod, i.e., guidewire, serves as actuators for steering. In the presented framework, a simplified integration scheme based on the finite-volume method is employed to model guidewire using the linear elasticity theory and forces resulting from the interference of magnetic fields to provide a rapid model reconstruction. Furthermore, orienting the external magnetic field is employed to steer a guidewire into a constrained environment. Finally, simulations illustrate the approach performance on a soft rod where an external magnetic field is orientated to form the desired shape for a continuum rod and steer it within an environment. The results open up possibilities to construct a rapid model for continuum manipulators in practice. |
18,823 | Please write an abstract with title: Examining the Community Perception Towards Communication Modes of Issuing Multi-Hazard Early Warning (MHEW) in Sri Lanka, and key words: TV, Social network services, Tsunami, Mouth, Data collection, Hazards, Earthquakes. Abstract: Communication modes are considered important in the effective delivery of Multi-Hazard Early Warnings (MHEW) to the downstream community level. More significantly, in the global context, the lack of having proper communication modes and resistance of the community to adapt to novel technologically based communication modes have identified. Indian Ocean Tsunami which hit in 2004 is a crucial disaster incident where the lack of having effective communication modes for the warning dissemination emerged in many of the affected countries. To identify the community level perception on the existing communication modes in Sri Lanka, a field questionnaire survey was developed and conducted among 10 Grama Niladari divisions in the country and overall 323 community responses were obtained. As per the results obtained under the response analysis, traditional modes of communication were highlighted as the most effective communication mode both in urban and rural levels, among both males and females, and among each of the age category distribution. Further, the community perception level was indicated based on the mean perception score and sentimental perception score on the mobile-based communication platforms. This denoted that the community perception level is at a lower level over the warning dissemination through mobile-based platforms. |
18,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Simulation of LALE Vertical Take-off & Landing Aircraft, and key words: Electrical engineering, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Atmospheric modeling, Manuals, Software, Mathematical models. Abstract: This paper presents the designing of low altitude long endurance (LALE) VTOL UAV aircraft for particularly given mission requirements. To fulfil the mission requirements of VTOL UAV, an analytical methodology is established. The analytical design and performance calculation is achieved by MATLAB(version 2020). On behalf of the designed value, the VTOL UAV aircraft is replicated into X-Plane software. The designed X-Plane VTOL UAV aircraft is used for the detailed simulation and validation of the calculated performance. In X-plane, detailed modeling of individual components is done, and flight tests are performed in different environments for endurance benchmark. A VTOL has five primary flight regimes, namely, take-off, forward transition, cruise, reverse transition, and landing; for all these flight regimes, the state of the charge of the battery is studied. Paper also has the interface of simulation strategy to control the fixed-wing VTOL UAV aircraft in manual simulation. |
18,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Unbiased Minimum-Variance Input and State Estimation for Systems with Unknown Inputs: An Online Solution, and key words: Filtering, Simulation, Prediction methods, Problem-solving, Kalman filters, State estimation. Abstract: It is well-known that the optimal MSDISE (multistep delayed input and state estimation) solution is a smoothed result, which may not be practical for online estimation. In this paper, an online MSDISE, which is obtained by using a linear line segment prediction of the optimal MSDISE solutions, is proposed to solve the inherent time-delay problem of the MSDISE. To facilitate the design, the optimal MSDISE is derived by using the recently proposed time-distributed unknown input filtering technique. It is shown that the filtering performance of the online MSDISE can approximate to that of the optimal MSDISE. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results. |
18,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Digital Down Converter using Resampling filter, and key words: Finite impulse response filters, IIR filters, Mixers, Table lookup, Delays, Oscillators. Abstract: Digital Down Converter (DDC) is a major part in lots of Digital Communication Systems. Generally, the filters and mixer are the main parts of DDC. The Advantage of using resampling filter is that it operates on high clock rate, since the operation of recursive single cycle loops are pipelined. Such pipelining is done by using complex multiplexing and parallel processing techniques. Because of sampling the input signals, the output is found to be flexible by creating the output with its output. Look-up table is a common method for creating both complex and real value sinusoidal. In this paper, the DDC design is simulated and enhanced using software system tool ModelSim. This paper represents Design and Implementation of DDC on Xilinx ISE 14.7 version. |
18,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain: A Privacy Centered Standard for Corporate Compliance, and key words: Industries, Privacy, Blockchain, Medical services, Companies, Zero knowledge proof. Abstract: Recently, the right to privacy has become an important global issue, and laws are being enacted in different countries to ensure that citizens have control over how their data are stored and used. In this scenario, corporates face an increasing burden to comply with these laws, while ensuring that their business models and workflows are interrupted to as little a degree as possible. This article presents blockchain as a potential technology that can help users keep their data under their control and yet allow companies to responsibly access the data they need to function. It begins with an overview of blockchain as a technology and the properties that make it useful as a tool for privacy compliance. It then explores more niche fields, such as Zero Knowledge Proofs, and considers two industries where blockchain can be of benefit to consumers and corporates from a privacy standpoint. |
18,828 | Please write an abstract with title: LiDAR Degradation Quantification for Autonomous Driving in Rain, and key words: Degradation, Location awareness, Laser radar, Rain, Codes, System performance, Current measurement. Abstract: Autonomous driving in rainy conditions remains a big challenge. One of the issues is sensor degradation. LiDAR is commonly used in autonomous driving systems to perceive and understand surrounding environments. However, LiDAR performance can be degraded by rain, thereby influencing other system performance (e.g., perception or localization). Therefore, knowing how much degradation exists in current LiDAR measurements is necessary. Most existing methods can only measure LiDAR degradation in controlled environments (e.g., a chamber with simulated rain); how to quantify LiDAR degradation in dynamic environments while the autonomous vehicle is moving is still a difficult problem. In this work, we propose a novel approach to address this problem using an anomaly detection method. Our method has been evaluated on simulated and real-world data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method to capture LiDAR degradation and yield reasonable degradation estimations. Our experimental data and codes are accessible from http://rain.smart.mit.edu/smartrain/. |
18,829 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multiscale Self-Attention Deep Clustering for Change Detection in SAR Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Radar polarimetry, Speckle, Synthetic aperture radar, Convolution, Clustering algorithms, Pipelines. Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image change detection (CD) is an important application in the field of remote sensing. Due to the lack of labeled data especially in the pixelwise task, it is urgent to develop unsupervised techniques to effectively detect changes. In this article, we propose a novel unsupervised representation learning framework for CD in SAR images, called multiscale self-attention (SA) deep clustering based on octave convolution. The main motivation is that a convolutional neural network (CNN) has the ability to extract significant feature hidden in input images, but it relies heavily on annotated data. Clustering is typically free from supervision; however, SAR images always suffer from speckle noise, which is unfriendly for clustering. Thus, we integrate unsupervised clustering with CNN to learn clustering-friendly feature representations. In the unified framework, CNN feature learning and clustering can be optimized end-to-end without supervision. To better suppress speckle noise and boost the joint optimization for distinguishing changes and unchanges, we use the K-means++ algorithm that is robust to noise as the clustering algorithm. In the meanwhile, we introduce the octave convolution and SA mechanism into the network to fully mine important spatial structure information for enhancing noise resistance of the network. Moreover, multiscale fusion modules are proposed to fuse multiscale input into a complementary feature representation that contains more context and semantic information around each pixel so that it refines the difference feature extraction while reducing speckle noise. Experiments on challenging SAR data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed model compared with the current state-of-the-art algorithms. |
18,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Discovery of New Multi-Level Features for Domain Generalization via Knowledge Corruption, and key words: Training, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Data models, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Machine learning models that can generalize to unseen domains are essential when applied in real-world scenarios involving strong domain shifts. We address the challenging domain generalization (DG) problem, where a model trained on a set of source domains is expected to generalize well in unseen domains without any exposure to their data. The main challenge of DG is that the features learned from the source domains are not necessarily present in the unseen target domains, leading to performance deterioration. We assume that learning a richer set of features is crucial to improve the transfer to a wider set of unknown domains. For this reason, we propose COLUMBUS, a method that enforces new feature discovery via a targeted corruption of the most relevant input and multilevel representations of the data. We conduct an extensive empirical evaluation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach which achieves new state-of-the-art results by outperforming 18 DG algorithms on multiple DG benchmark datasets in the DomainBed framework. |
18,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Day-Lily Robot Recognition System Based on ZYNQ, and key words: Image recognition, Costs, Machine learning algorithms, Target recognition, Machine learning, Production, Real-time systems. Abstract: With the development and wide application of robots in agricultural production, more and more agricultural fruit and vegetable robot schemes had been put forward, but the research on day-lily robot is less. Aiming at the problem of high labor cost in the current day-lily picking process, this paper designed a portable, low-cost embedded recognition system based on ZYNQ based on the characteristics of the ripe fruits of day-lily. A low-cost portable embedded recognition system was designed based on ZYNQ for day-lily robot. ZYNQ processing board was used to recognize the fruit image, and the combination of traditional image processing and machine learning recognition algorithm was used to realize the efficient real-time recognition of the target fruit. Traditional image processing combined with machine learning recognition algorithm could be transplanted to ZYNQ processing board which had the FPGA, which could better guarantee the real-time image recognition. Moreover, this recognition system has high recognition efficiency, suitable accuracy and low cost, which could meet the identification requirements of portable and low cost of agricultural robots at the same time. |
18,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the Efficacy of Elearning in Higher Educational Institutions using Educational Data Mining, and key words: educational data mining, e-learning, data mining, learning management systems. Abstract: As online student engagement and blended learning continue to gain popularity across the world, Educational Data Mining tools play a key role in discovering student learning patterns and behaviors by interrogating the available data in learning environments. The main objective of this study is to establish a model for evaluating efficacy of eLearning in higher educational institutions using secondary data. This objective is driven by the sustainable development goal of promoting inclusive learning to mitigate disruptions in the learning process. To measure the efficacy of eLearning, the study observes student activity on a learning management system against academic performance. The study further compares the performance of different machine learning techniques, i.e., Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Nave Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Neural Network. The categorization of the six techniques and establishes differences in levels of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score. The best performing machine learning algorithm forms the basis for evaluating the student performance on eLearning systems and advising educational interventions. |
18,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Roundup on Planarian Locomotion, and key words: Proteins, Conferences, Toxic chemicals, Ecosystems, Photoreceptors, Contamination, Testing. Abstract: Over time, the use of Roundup has been plummeting because of increasing glyphosate-resistant weeds. The main ingredient of Roundup is a toxic chemical called Glyphosate. Glyphosate inhibits a step in the Shikimic acid pathway. It prevents the plants from making proteins needed for plant growth, which has allowed it to become an efficient weed-killer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a widely used controversial herbicide called Roundup on flatworms called Planaria. The specific Planaria used in this experiment is called Dugesia dorotocephala. Planaria have an extraordinary ability to regenerate after they've been cut into two new individuals. They also have eyespots that act as photoreceptors and they tend to move away from light. The rationale behind using Planaria is that it is a good bioindicator since it occurs in the freshwater and testing effects on it will let us know about the effects on the entire ecosystem. Additionally, we should be very worried about the amount of Glyphosate contamination in our food supply since it has been on the rise. The experiment was conducted on the locomotion of Planaria and was evaluated by counting the number of 1mm by 1mm grid lines passed in a total of 2 minutes. The concentrations of Roundup that locomotion and regeneration were evaluated at were 0mg/L(control), 7mg/L, and 15mg/L. Our results indicate that Roundup inhibits locomotion in Planaria. There was no evidence found for a dose-dependent effect of Roundup on Planaria. Further research will assess alternative herbicides and pesticides to Roundup to see if they have any adverse effects on Planaria. Another future direction is on the exploration of neoblasts cells which allow the Planaria to regenerate. Finally, the future plan is to find an easy way to test the amount of Roundup in the environment. |
18,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Crosstalk performance evaluation of a composite star network, and key words: Crosstalk, Switches, All-optical networks, Scalability, Network topology, Telecommunication traffic, Next generation networking, IP networks, Spine, Photonics. Abstract: Composite star network is an alternative architecture for the backbone of the next generation Internet as it provides agility and means of QoS to applications. We present performance evaluation of a composite star network based on a crossbar, a Benes or a log/sub 2/(N, m, p) architecture. Crosstalk property of these architectures are analyzed and compared. Based on the analysis of switch properties, crosstalk property of the composite star network is analyzed. As path length is short in such network, photonic switches with large size can be adopted. Our results indicate that crossbar switch is not suitable for this network as its crosstalk performance is quite poor. The results can be used as guides to designing of photonic switches. |
18,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of a sinusoid in white noise by autoregressive spectrum analysis, and key words: White noise, Phase detection, Phase frequency detector, Gaussian noise, Frequency estimation, Spectral analysis, Noise level, Matched filters, Phase estimation, Signal analysis. Abstract: The problem of detecting a sinusoid of unknown frequency and random phase in white noise is essentially a problem in spectral analysis. The conventional approach is to utilize a Periodogram. This paper examines the merits of a detector based on the auto-regressive spectral estimator. Some advantages of the autoregressive detector are that the performance is independent of the unknown frequency, and the false alarm rate is independent of the noise level. Also, for the first order AR model investigated, the computational and storage requirements needed to compute the test statistic are less than those of the Periodogram. The performance of the AR detector with a model order of one is, however, inferior to that of the Periodogram. |
18,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Green Planning Systems for Self-Consumption of Renewable Energy, and key words: Green products, Planning, Renewable energy sources, Air pollution, Thermostats, HVAC, Building management systems, Climate change. Abstract: Rising temperatures on Earth have led to the exploration of new technologies to help curb the severe effects of climate change. Green planning systems belong to a new type of Internet-based technology that aim to use computing resources efficiently to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The rapid advancement of renewable energy generation infrastructure and the lack of energy storage solutions at scale have highlighted the importance of energy self-consumption principles in new domains (e.g., heating/cooling, electromobility, and appliances), which refer to the process of intelligently consuming energy at the time it is available. This article analyzes existing green planning systems, energy management applications, and future challenges deploying self-consumption of renewable energy. We also present experiences of a green planning system we developed in-house. Our overview and categorization will be helpful to a variety of researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to make their systems environmentally friendly. |
18,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Automatic Hole Searching System of Coal Bed Methane Vehicle-Mounted Rig in Drilling Field, and key words: Legged locomotion, Methane, Azimuth, Receivers, Coal, Drilling machines, Control systems. Abstract: Automatic hole searching system of coal bed methane vehicle-mounted rig including vehicle-mounted rig frame, gyrator, automobile chassis, brace oil cylinder, front left leg, front right leg, rear right leg, rear left leg, front left translation pair, front right translation pair, rear translation pair, borehole positioning device, left and right distance sensor, electro-hydraulic control system, signal generator, signal receiver, remote control. The front left translation pair, front right translation pair and rear translation pair are controlled by the electro-hydraulic system. In this way, the vehicle-mounted drill is operated around and before and after translation, and the azimuth alignment and position adjustment of the vehicle-mounted drill are carried out. The feedback signals of the left and right ranging sensors, signal generators, signal receivers and the translation distance form a closed-loop control to ensure the position accuracy of the drilling rig. The card position plate increases the reliability of the translation system by mechanical positioning. The system and its implementation method can enable the on-board drilling rig to complete the accurate alignment between the gyroscope and the drilling center quickly in the drilling field. Through the remote control, one key control vehicle-mounted drilling rig to search holes automatically, avoiding the visual blind area and error caused by manual reversing, reducing the drilling machine construction preparation and multi-stage drilling center positioning time, improving the work efficiency, reducing the labor intensity. |
18,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Human Activity Recognition System with Wi-Fi Using Handcraft Feature, and key words: Computers, Computational modeling, Pattern classification, Activity recognition, Feature extraction, Data models, Classification algorithms. Abstract: WiFi-based Human activity recognition (HAR) system has the drawback of the new domain inadaptability. Numerous studies have proposed to solve this problem, but these methods have the limitations of needing the new domain data or fine-tuning the model. In this paper, we propose HARW, a cross-domain HAR system using Wi-Fi. Specifically, a novel domain-independent feature extraction algorithm is proposed based on the multiple signal classification algorithm, which extracts three physical factors (i.e. time of flight, change rate of path length, and angle of arrival) simultaneously to construct the TCA feature. Then, A two-stage model is proposed to recognize activities based on TCA. The experimental results show that HARW can increase the average accuracy rate by 9 % and the best accuracy can reach 60%, without new domain data and fine-tuning the model, outperforming the method that only uses CSI raw data. In addition. HARW adonts onlv a nair of Wi-Fi devices. |
18,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Propagation Losses in Coplanar Waveguide, and key words: Propagation losses, Coplanar waveguides, Conductors, Dielectric losses, Millimeter wave integrated circuits, Millimeter wave propagation, Millimeter wave technology, Microstrip, Dielectric substrates, Surface resistance. Abstract: Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) is finding increasing use in microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits. CPW has several advantages over microstrip, but its ohmic loss tends to be larger because of the concentration of its currents near the metal edges. Two methods for reducing ohmic loss in CPW are proposed and studied using a numerical technique. It is shown that the propagation loss can be reduced by approximately a factor of four. |
18,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Patent abstracts, and key words: Patents, Abstracts, Lenses, Slotline, Optical surface waves, Planar waveguides, Coupling circuits, Wideband, Optical waveguides, Optical fiber couplers. Abstract: These patent abstracts of recently issued patents of interest to microwave engineers are intended to provide the minimum information necessary for readers to detennine if they are interested in examining the patent in more detail. Complete copies of patents are available for a small fee by writing: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Box 9, Washington, DC, USA. |
18,841 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Si/SiC CCM Interleaved Totem-Pole Bridgeless PFC Converter with Coupled-Inductor and Hybrid-Frequency Interleaving Operation, and key words: Reactive power, Costs, Silicon carbide, Prototypes, Silicon, Main-secondary, Power electronics. Abstract: In this paper, a hybrid Si/SiC continuous conduction mode (CCM) interleaved totem-pole bridgeless PFC converter is proposed, which is consists of a small-capacity highfrequency SiC phase and a large-capacity low-frequency Si phase, instead of two identical SiC phases in conventional design. Thus, it has a lower total cost compared to the all-SiC interleaved TPBPFC converter. Meanwhile, a coupled inductor is applied to simplify the structure and further reduce the cost of magnetic components. A new hybrid-frequency interleaving technique is developed to coordinate the Si and SiC phase operations and offer an improved tradeoff between cost and performance. Furthermore, a master-slave control structure, which combines the average current mode control (ACMC) and modulated model predictive control (MMPC), is proposed to implement the proposed hybrid-frequency unique technique. A 3kW prototype has been built to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed TPBPFC converter and control strategy. |
18,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Multiple Fault-Tolerant MPI over Myrinet (M^3), and key words: Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Computer networks, Checkpointing, Protocols, Disaster management, Power system management, Hardware, Workstations, Personal communication networks. Abstract: Advances in network technology and computing power have inspired the emergence of high-performance cluster computing systems. While cluster management and hardware highavailability tools are readily available, practical and easily deployable fault-tolerant systems have not been successfully adopted commercially. We present a fault-tolerant system, Multiple fault-tolerant MPI over Myrinet (M3), that differs in notable respects from other proposed fault-tolerant systems in the literature. M3 is built on top of Myrinet since it is regarded as one of the best solutions for highperformance networks and is widely used in cluster computing systems because it can provide a high-speed switching network that is an inevitable ingredient in interconnecting clusters of workstations or PCs. M^3 is a user-transparent checkpointing system for multiple fault-tolerant MPI implementation that is primarily based on the coordinated checkpointing protocol. M3 supports three critical functionalities that are necessary for faulttolerance: a light-weight failure detection mechanism, dynamic process management that includes process migration, and a consistent checkpoint and recovery mechanism. The features of M are that it requires no modifications of application code and that it preserves much of the high performance characteristics of Myrinet. This paper describes the architecture of M3, its detailed design principles and comprehensive implementation issues. We also propose practical solutions for those involved in constructing highly available cluster systems for parallel programming systems. Experimental results substantiate our assertion that M3 can be a good candidate for practically deployable fault-tolerant systems in very-large and high-performance Myrinet clusters and that its protocol can be applied to a wide variety of parallel communication libraries without difficulty. |
18,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic-Switching Energy Dissipation Behaviors of Cryogenic Power MOSFET at 77 K, and key words: MOSFET, Silicon carbide, Cryogenics, Switches, Energy dissipation, Power electronics, Superconducting magnetic energy storage. Abstract: To operate a converter at cryogenic temperatures, understanding the characteristics of power semiconductor devices is critical. This paper investigates the temperature and current dependence of the dynamic performance of five types of SiC power MOSFETs at 77 K. The turn-on and turn-off lasting time and the corresponding switching energy loss are extracted from a series of double-pulse tests. The transient peak voltage of cryogenic MOSFETs is lower, but the switching time is higher than the room-temperature ones. Moreover, power-exponential functional relations with the operating currents are found in the experiments. These results obtained lay some technical bases for exploring superconducting power electronics. |
18,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Customer Adaptive Resource Provisioning for Long-Term Cloud Profit Maximization under Constrained Budget, and key words: Pricing, Cloud computing, Biological system modeling, Quality of service, Investment, Optimization, Costs. Abstract: As an efficient commercial information technology, cloud computing has attracted more and more users and enterprises to use it. Faced with such a large number and variety of customers, it is necessary for cloud providers (CPs) with limited budget to provide satisfactory customized pricing services, profitable customer and system investments, and flexible system resource provisioning strategies to improve both customer experience and long-term profit. Existing profit optimization research rarely considers customer diversity and dynamics, which may have a negative impact on long-term profit growth due to poor management of customer relations. In this article, we implement customer relationship management by considering both customer diversity and dynamics, and propose a customer adaptive resource provisioning scheme to maximize long-term profit under constrained budget. We consider four customer types (i.e., loyal, old, new, and lost) that can transition to each other during the customer's lifetime of interaction with the CP. The CP builds multiple cloud service sub-platforms, each of which contains multiple multiserver systems and serves the same type of customers. For the cloud service platform, we first analyze single multiserver system using an analytical method to obtain its optimal profit, invested funding, and system configuration. In particular, for systems serving new and lost customers, we develop a novel customer lifetime value (CLV)-based customer investment scheme that selects valuable customers for investment under limited marketing budget. Based on the above analysis, we then present a customer retention rate (CRR)-driven three-stage heuristic scheme that prioritizes investment in multiserver systems with endangered customers under limited infrastructure budget for reducing customer churn and promoting long-term profit growth. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to validate the effectiveness of our method. Simulation results show that compared with the benchmark algorithms, our method can improve the long-term profit and CRR by up to 3.4x and 7.8x, respectively. |
18,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Film thickness and width dependence of output voltage response for read-out head using induced RF permeability change, and key words: Voltage, Radio frequency, Permeability, Magnetic films, Magnetic heads, Magnetic domains, Magnetic fields, Magnetic domain walls, Magnetization, Thick films. Abstract: For thin film magnetic read-out heads using induced RF permeability change, named an Active Head by the authors, the relation between the output voltage response to magnetic fields and domain behavior involved was investigated with film thickness and width as parameters. With decreasing film width, the output voltage change decreased markedly, especially for films about 200nm thick, while B-H curves changed from closed curves to square curves and high-density Neel walls appeared. It has been demonstrated that the decrease in output voltage change is associated with the suppression of magnetization rotation, due to high-density Neel walls. However, films with high-density Bloch walls showed relatively large output voltage change, even with decreasing film width. Films without high-density Neel walls, such as 800nm thick films, are preferable for the high sensitivity narrow track Active Head. |
18,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Antennae variety for remote sensing of surroundings, and key words: Remote sensing, Reflector antennas, Radar antennas, Linear antenna arrays, Microstrip antenna arrays, Dipole antennas, Radiometers, Horn antennas, Antenna arrays, Passive radar. Abstract: This paper is an overview of different types of antennae applications for observation of surroundings including remote sensing of Earth surface, atmosphere, ground penetration, and aircraft collision avoidance. The overview covers all frequency bands from millimeter waves up to very long waves. Some recently obtained results on Doppler-polarimetric methods of atmosphere research as well as on new airborne collision avoidance system creation are included. Specificity of antennae of different applications is discussed. This paper mainly reflects the works, which were done with author participation, and does not aspire to saturation coverage of the entire infinite field of antennae application. |
18,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Substrate Integrated Waveguide based Antipodal Linear Tapered Slot Antenna Array for Inter-satellite Communication at 60 GHz, and key words: Antenna arrays, Slot antennas, Satellite broadcasting, Substrates, Space vehicles, Broadband antennas. Abstract: With the ever growing complexity of communication systems, there is an increasing scope for antenna arrays with multi-beam capability for ultra-high broadband, inter-satellite links and inter-spacecraft communications. High data rate demands increased bandwidth requirements and the frequency of operation is increasing to the 60/70/80/90 GHz bands. These frequency bands are applicable to last-mile technologies for inter-satellite links and inter-spacecraft communications with data rates as high as 10 Gbit/s and even beyond. For these applications it is of paramount importance to develop planar technologies that can apply to millimeter-wave (MmW) frequencies with highly integrated system approach including smart antennas. This work focuses on initial design and development of 2X1 array Antipodal Linear Tapered Slot Antenna (ALTSA) utilizing Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology feeding system at 60 GHz for inter-satellite and inter-spacecraft communication. Various characteristics like gain, return loss and beamwidth have been studied utilizing 3D Electromagnetic simulator. |
18,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabriciton of High Strength NiCo Alloy and Rh Coating Using Electroplating Method, and key words: Metals, Residual stresses, Surface morphology, Surface treatment, Surface cracks, Coatings, Current density. Abstract: NiCo alloys are electroplated in sulfate bath. The concentration of cobalt sulfate and current density were varied to optimize the surface hardness. The properties of NiCo deposits were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface hardness of the NiCo alloy was increased up to 500Hv at 24 w% Co in the deposits due to the grain refinement. The size of grain was reduced to 12 nm. The residual stress of the deposits was varied from tensile to compressive as the saccharine concentration increased. The zero residual stress was achieved at 0.05 g/L saccharine addition. The electrodeposition of rhodium (Rh) on silicon substrate at different current conditions were investigated. The cracks were found at high current density during the direct current (DC) plating. The pulse current (PC) plating were applied to avoid the formation of cracks on the deposits. Off time in the pulse plating relieved the residual stress of the Rh deposits and consequently the current conditions for the crack-free Rh deposits were obtained. Optimum pulse current (PC) condition is 5:5 (on:off) for the crack-free Rh electroplating. |
18,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Mixing Matrix Estimation Algorithm for Underdetermined Blind Source Separation, and key words: Estimation, Clustering algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Sparse matrices, Detection algorithms, Time-domain analysis, Time-frequency analysis. Abstract: An original algorithm for underdetermined mixing matrix estimation is proposed in this paper, which can estimate the mixing matrix effectively when the number of source signals is unknown. Firstly, a new single source point (SSP) detection algorithm based on transform matrix is proposed, which can effectively detect single source time-frequency (TF) points by using the characteristics of complex ratio and improve the sparsity of source signals. In view of the fact that the number of source signals is unknown, a novel estimation algorithm based on element sorting is proposed, which can significantly improve the estimation accuracy of the number of source signals. Finally, the mixing matrix is estimated by using the cluster center obtained by agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the estimation accuracy of the number of source signals and underdetermined mixing matrix obviously, and the algorithm has higher robustness compared with other algorithms. |
18,850 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient blind modulation detection for adaptive OFDM systems, and key words: OFDM modulation, Detection algorithms, Adaptive systems, Wireless communication, Throughput, Modulation coding, Transmitters, Quadrature phase shift keying, Bit error rate, Delay. Abstract: Adaptive modulation is a method to increase the data capacity, throughput and efficiency of time division duplexed wireless communication systems. In adaptive modulation, the transmitter continually monitors the dynamic channel and adjusts the transmission parameters such as modulation order, coding rate etc. accordingly. Blind modulation detection schemes play an important role in adaptive systems to eliminate the need for transmitting modulation information, thereby increasing spectral efficiency. In this paper, an improved statistical blind modulation detection method based on the Kullback-Leibler distance is proposed for OFDM based wireless communication systems. Simulation results show that this blind modulation detection algorithm outperforms similar previously proposed algorithms. |
18,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Person Re-Identification with Temporal Constraints, and key words: Training, Measurement, Deep learning, Visualization, Data privacy, Conferences, Performance gain. Abstract: In this paper we introduce an image-based person where some methods achiever re-identification dataset collected across five non-overlapping camera views in the large and busy airport in Dublin, Ireland. Unlike all publicly available image-based datasets, our dataset contains timestamp information in addition to frame number, and camera and person IDs. Also our dataset has been fully anonymized to comply with modern data privacy regulations. We apply state-of-the-art person re-identification models to our dataset and show that by leveraging the available timestamp information we are able to achieve a significant gain of 37.43% in mAP and a gain of 30.22% in Rank1 accuracy. We also propose a Bayesian temporal re-ranking post-processing step, which further adds a 10.03% gain in mAP and 9.95% gain in Rank1 accuracy metrics. This work on combining visual and temporal information is not possible on other image-based person re-identification datasets. We believe that the proposed new dataset will enable further development of person re-identification research for challenging real-world applications. |
18,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Error in Impedance Measurement When the Signal Is Introduced Across the Slotted-Line Probe (Short Papers), and key words: Impedance measurement, Probes, Detectors, Testing, Phase measurement, Phase detection, Signal generators, Transducers, Cerebral cortex, Temperature. Abstract: For some special applications impedance measurements have to be made where the test level reaching the unknown must be kept very low. In such cases, using slotted-line techniques, the detector and generator are reversed in the test setup, and the test signal is introduced across the probe of the slotted line which is terminated on one side with the load, and on the other with the detector. This short paper briefly describes this familiar method and then discusses the error calculation in the measurement of VSWR and phase when the detector is not perfectly matched. |
18,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Device-centric Fog Networks Architecture for Cellular Communication System, and key words: Performance evaluation, Technological innovation, 5G mobile communication, Computer architecture, Switches, Network architecture, Delays. Abstract: In this research paper, we propose a device-centric fog networks communication architecture for 5G. It uses the advantages of fog computing, 5G, and having two modes of communication, named Device-centric and Network-centric. The mode selection and switching procedure are subject to the network’s performance and quality metrics during the communication. Thereafter, we introduce a relay-assisted mobility management procedure for dynamic mobile nodes over the proposed network’s architecture. To check the efficiency and effectiveness of the suggested network architecture we formulate and simulate the proposed work with high network load and node mobility, then and compare our result with the latest used cellular network (LTE) w.r.t the energy-consumption and delay. We observed that the proposed work has 55% improvement over the legacy of networks. |
18,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Framework of distributed audition, and key words: Microphones, Humans, Robot sensing systems, Loudspeakers, Acoustic sensors, Cameras, Signal to noise ratio, User interfaces, Computer networks, Face recognition. Abstract: We propose distributed audition for natural man-machine interface, for robots that act in the environment, and for continuous personal identification. The distributed audition system, consisting of a network of microphones and speakers, monitors the environment, maintains the environment models, and provide information to agents in the environment. The distributed audition system can calibrate locations and parameters in self-organizing manner by producing sounds and observing them. Concepts and fundamental problems of distributed audition are discussed. This work also provides a prototype system and an experimental result of auto calibration. |
18,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Water Generation Based on Condensation Controlled by Gray Scale and Artificial Vision, and key words: Machine vision, Prototypes, Lighting, Color, Production, Developing countries, Control systems. Abstract: The proposed prototype is an automated system for generating water based on condensation controlled by gray scale and artificial vision, using controllers for color detection in the formation of ice in the evaporator. The generation of water is a necessity worldwide and especially in developing countries that do not have optimal supply systems. The methodology consisted in the development of a color detection system by means of artificial vision that detects the color change in a certain area, each detection is stored in a counter that is defined according to the illumination of the work area, when the detections reach the set value, a shutdown signal is sent and defrosting begins. The results obtained show a production of 35.07 milliliters per hourof work, improving by 130% compared to a mechanical work cycle. |
18,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Reactive Voltage Partitioning Method for the Power Grid With Comprehensive Consideration of Wind Power Fluctuation and Uncertainty, and key words: Wind power generation, Reactive power, Clustering algorithms, Sensitivity, Power grids, Voltage control, Partitioning algorithms. Abstract: When large-scale wind power is connected to the power grid, the fluctuation and uncertainty in the wind power reduce the stability and accuracy of the grid's reactive voltage division results based on the electrical distance matrix and affect the grid's reactive power regulation. This paper proposes a grid reactive voltage partitioning method that considers the wind power stability and accuracy in a comprehensive manner. The wind power uncertainty and zoning results are characterized by the distribution of wind power forecast error intervals and changes in the zoning result nodes at different moments when the wind power is connected. Regarding volatility, according to the discretization of the probability distribution of the active power output at a certain time based on the wind power prediction, a calculation interval of the wind power output under a single cross-section is formed, and multiple sequential power flow sections within a long time scale are clustered and partitioned by an agglomeration hierarchical clustering method. Finally, an optimal zoning model of reactive voltage is established over a long time scale with the minimum comprehensive stability serving as the objective function. A simulation analysis of the improved IEEE39 node system shows that the partition combination can effectively increase the stability and accuracy of the reactive partitioning. |
18,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Guided Image Filtering Reconstruction Based on Total Variation and Prior Image for Limited-Angle CT, and key words: Image reconstruction, Computed tomography, TV, Reconstruction algorithms, Mathematical model, Image filtering, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: For limited-angle computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction, the classical total variation (TV) based algorithms suffer from the limited-angle artifacts, because TV only used the gradient information of the image. The priori image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) based reconstruction algorithms can reduce the limited-angle artifacts by using a priori image consistent with the target image. However, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of priori image and target image in practice. In order to reconstruct high quality image when the prior image is inconsistent with the target image, we proposed a guided image filter reconstruction based on TV and prior image (TVPI-G). In each iteration phase, our algorithm first performs a TV step (include simultaneous algebra reconstruction technique (SART) and TV) to get initiatory reconstruction image; Then, the results of TV iteration are combined with prior images to form an intermediate result; Finally, we use the guided image filter to modify the intermediate results with the TV result as the guide image. Numerical reconstruction results on simulation phantom with different intensities Poisson noise illustrates that our proposed TVPI-G algorithm is better than other comparison algorithms in both qualitative and quantitative aspects, including TV, PICCS, and SART guided image filtering. |
18,858 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Gyrotropy Seedlayer-Free Ce:TbIG for Monolithic Laser-Matched SOI Optical Isolators, and key words: Isolators, Magnetic cores, Optical waveguides, Silicon, Magnetic hysteresis, Garnets, Laser modes. Abstract: Monolithic optical isolators that provide polarization diversity, dimensional (500 nm core) matching to on-chip lasers and magnetless operation have been realized with “one step” seedlayer-free garnet in a non-reciprocal mode conversion design. |
18,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Natural language processing and Machine learning based phishing website detection system, and key words: Phishing, Feature extraction, Uniform resource locators, Machine learning, Classification algorithms, Companies, Computer crime. Abstract: Because of the colossal growth of internet, most of the users have changed their preference from traditional shopping, banking etc. to online mode. This paved the way for a lot of cybercrimes including phishing into existence. The attackers try to extract sensitive/personal details such as user ID, passwords and debit card/credit card information by disguising themselves as reliable websites. Identifying whether the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a website is legitimate or phishing is a difficult task because it exploits the user's vulnerabilities. Although many products are available for detecting phishing websites, they are just making use of heuristic approach and black lists and hence they can't prevent phishing in a more effective way. A system that detects phishing websites in real time has been proposed in this paper. It uses five different classification algorithms with two different feature sets using natural language processing and word vectors to identify which performs better. After analyzing the accuracy of different machine learning classification algorithms like naive bayes, logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest using different features, it has been found that random Forest algorithm with features based on natural language processing has performed better with an accuracy of 97.99. |
18,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating Pillar-to-Pillar Variability of Ground Select Transistor in 3-D NAND Flash Memory, and key words: Plugs, Logic gates, Transistors, Threshold voltage, Semiconductor device modeling, Doping, Semiconductor process modeling. Abstract: The threshold voltage variability of the select transistors is an important issue in the development of 3-D NAND flash memory. Particularly, pillar-to-pillar variations in threshold voltage (VT) of the ground select transistor (GST) are critical across the wafer. The VT variation is attributed to the nonuniformity in the plug height of the epitaxially grown silicon layers in different pillars. In this article, we propose different techniques to achieve performance uniformity in different strings across the wafer in terms of VT distribution of GST. We show that by optimizing the channel doping and gate metal work function (WF) of the GST, the NAND string VT nonuniformity can be eliminated. It is also shown that VT variability can be further minimized by optimizing GST gate length. Further, we present a two-MOSFET model for the pillar-to-pillar VT variation across the wafer. This study providesimportant results for designing 3-D NAND memories with higher performance uniformity for the pillar-to-pillar variations in strings across the wafer. |
18,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage and pull-in time in current drive of electrostatic actuators, and key words: Voltage, Electrostatic actuators, Parasitic capacitance, Micromechanical devices, Capacitors, Power system reliability, Electrodes, Kinetic energy, Tunable circuits and devices, Resonance. Abstract: The absolute maximum value of the voltage developed across an electrostatic actuator when driven by a current source has been calculated as well as an absolute minimum for the pull-in time. These two results are calculated for a drive using a /spl delta/-pulse of current and numerical assessment is given to show that for a nonzero parasitic capacitance, a realistic shape of the current pulse, or a finite value of the damping coefficient do not increase the maximum value of the voltage developed beyond that limit and that the pull-in time is always larger than the analytical minimum. A scaled-up macromodel of an electrostatic actuator has been used to register voltage transients to validate the theoretical predictions. |
18,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Fundamental aspects of ripple correlation control of electric machinery, and key words: Machinery, Electric variables control, Control systems, Cost function, Steady-state, Convergence, Impedance matching, Error analysis, Design optimization, Error correction. Abstract: Ripple correlation control (RCC) has been established as a cost function minimization strategy for problems ranging from source impedance matching to static VAR compensators and more recently to electric machinery. The dynamics of machines often makes direct application of RCC not possible or not practical. This paper addresses the fundamental challenges associated with implementation of RCC optimization in electric machinery. Specifically, the paper presents a steady state error analysis of several practical RCC control laws, develops a systematic approach to observer design to cast the optimization of a dynamic process into a static framework, and presents the benefits of an alternative RCC control law for use in electric machinery controllers. |
18,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-Efficient Cooperative Scalable Video Distribution and Sharing in Mobile Social Networks, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Streaming media, Energy consumption, Static VAr compensators, Social network services, Clustering methods, Mobile handsets. Abstract: With the popularity of mobile multimedia services, the explosive increase in video traffic not only causes huge load and energy consumption of base station (BS), but also affects the QoS of users. The device to device (D2D) multicast technology can effectively reduce the number of redundant video transmissions and improve energy efficiency of the BS. However, the existing researches about D2D technology assume that there is not unconstrained communication between local users, which is not in line with the actual situation. Moreover they do not take full advantage of attributes of users in mobile social networks. In this paper, we first propose a clustering method and select the cluster head users (CHUs) as relay nodes to distribute videos by considering the user's physical conditions and user's social attributes based on Chinese Restaurant Process (CRP). Then we put forward with a video distribution and sharing mechanism based on scalable video coding (SVC). In this mechanism, edge users collaboratively share videos on the basis of user's mobility, where Zipf distribution combines with SVC to effectively reduce the energy consumption of the BS. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy can not only reduce the energy consumption of the BS, but also improve the throughput and the stability and flexibility of video distribution. |
18,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Private Updates to Anonymous Databases, and key words: Databases, Data privacy, Cryptography, Content management, Access protocols, Asset management, Data security, History, Computer science, Protection. Abstract: Suppose that Alice, owner of a k-anonymous database, needs to determine whether her database, when adjoined with a tuple owned by Bob, is still k-anonymous. Suppose moreover that access to the database is strictly controlled, because for example data are used for experiments that need to be maintained confidential. Clearly, allowing Alice to directly read the contents of the tuple breaks the privacy of Bob; on the other hand, the confidentiality of the database managed by Alice is violated once Bob has access to the contents of the database. Thus the problem is to check whether the database adjoined with the tuple is still k-anonymous, without letting Alice and Bob know the contents of, respectively, the tuple and the database. In this paper, we propose two protocols solving this problem. |
18,865 | Please write an abstract with title: A fully distributed spatial index for wireless data broadcast, and key words: Broadcasting, Spatial indexes, Delay, Neural networks, Indexing, Scalability, Mobile computing, Pervasive computing, Navigation, Random access memory. Abstract: To support location-based services in wireless data broadcast systems, a distributed spatial index (called DSI) is proposed in this paper. DSI is highly efficient because it has a linear yet fully distributed structure that naturally facilitates multiple replications of the index by sharing links in different search trees. Search algorithms for point queries, window queries, and kNN queries, based on DSI are presented. Empirical evaluation of DSI are conducted. Result shows that DSI significantly out-performs R-tree and Hilbert curve index, two state-of-the-art spatial indexing techniques for wireless data broadcast. |
18,866 | Please write an abstract with title: From Statistics to Data Mining: A Brief Review, and key words: Integrated circuits, Data science, 6G mobile communication, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: With the popularity of the Internet and the development of information technology, hundreds of millions of information and data that are so close to our human kind are recorded. In recent decades, as an interdisciplinary, data science has had a vigorous development. This paper mainly discusses two core problems in data science, that are data analysis and data mining. Beginning with the data analysis based on statistics, this paper discusses and reviews data mining based on traditional machine learning and that based on neural network. Then it discusses the common problems in data mining. Each part summarizes the corresponding application and research. Through the discussion of the basic contents in data analysis and data mining, this paper provides a powerful help for the future research in this field. |
18,867 | Please write an abstract with title: MoEVC: A Mixture of Experts Voice Conversion System With Sparse Gating Mechanism for Online Computation Acceleration, and key words: Deep learning, Convolution, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Acceleration, Task analysis. Abstract: Owing to the recent advancements in deep learning technology, the performance of voice conversion (VC) in terms of quality and similarity has significantly improved. However, complex computation is generally required for deep-learning-based VC systems. This can cause a notable latency, which limits the deployment of such VC systems in real-world applications. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of online computing has become an important task. In this study, we propose a novel mixture-of-experts (MoE) based VC system, termed MoEVC. The MoEVC system uses a gating mechanism to assign weights to feature maps to increase VC performance. In addition, applying sparse constraints on the gating mechanism can skip some convolution processes through elimination of redundant feature maps, thereby accelerating online computing. Experimental results show that by using proper sparse constraints, we can effectively reduce the FLOPs (floating-point operations) count by 70%, while improving VC performance in both objective evaluation and human subjective listening tests. |
18,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Electro-anatomical characterization by cardiac electric near-fields, and key words: Heart, Muscles, Rabbits, Electric variables measurement, Cardiac tissue, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Extracellular, Navigation, Microstructure, Surface morphology. Abstract: Pathways, contours of wavefronts and velocity of cardiac conduction are the essential parameters to study normal and abnormal excitation spread. Apart from very elaborated endocardial multi-electrode mapping systems used to compute the patterns of activation we propose to measure the electric field intracardially in the close vicinity of the cardiac tissue. Specifically in regions of complex structures of conduction like in the atrium by this method we can obtain parameters of the very local process of excitation spread. We studied the case of continuous anisotropic conduction, complex propagation in fibrotic tissue as well as the case of branching structures in macroscopic dimensions. Electrophysiologic experiments, structural analysis of the tissue and computer models of excitation spread were put together to clarify how gross-anatomy and micro-architecture of heart tissue affects the behavior of the near-field during depolarization. The power of computer-models to define clearly structures (unpredictable in real tissue during the experiment) enabled us to classify and differentiate effects of cardiac structure on extracellular potentials and near-fields. In the future field-sensors could be built in catheters as a navigation-tool identifying complex pathways of conduction or to assess conduction patterns modified by intracardiac ablation procedures. |
18,869 | Please write an abstract with title: LQR and PID Control Design for a Pneumatic Diaphragm Valve, and key words: PI control, Friction, Valves, Robustness, Steady-state, Performance analysis, PD control. Abstract: This work demonstrates the design and compares the performance of two different digital control techniques for a modeled pneumatic diaphragm valve. The valve model is derived using first-principles modeling, the Karnopp friction model and approximates the I/P converter dynamics with a first order filter. The digital PID and LQR controllers were chosen to compensate the valve friction. A proposed contribution is to implement a digital LQR control using the Bryson rule and the Pincer technique to tune the matrices Q and R based on requirements response, maximum deviation of states variables and control effort. The robustness of the LQR controller compared to the PID controller is presented in this paper. |
18,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Origin of the threshold voltage instability in SiO<sub>2</sub>/HfO<sub>2</sub> dual layer gate dielectrics, and key words: Threshold voltage, Hafnium oxide, Current measurement, Dielectric measurements, CMOS technology, Stability, Capacitance measurement, Charge pumps, Stress, Charge measurement. Abstract: The magnitude of the V/sub T/ instability in conventional MOSFETs and MOS capacitors with SiO/sub 2//HfO/sub 2/ dual-layer gate dielectrics is shown to depend strongly on the details of the measurement sequence used. By applying time-resolved measurements (capacitance-time traces and charge-pumping measurements), it is demonstrated that this behavior is caused by the fast charging and discharging of preexisting defects near the SiO/sub 2//HfO/sub 2/ interface and in the bulk of the HfO/sub 2/ layer. Based on these results, a simple defect model is proposed that can explain the complex behavior of the V/sub T/ instability in terms of structural defects as follows. 1) A defect band in the HfO/sub 2/ layer is located in energy above the Si conduction band edge. 2) The defect band shifts rapidly in energy with respect to the Fermi level in the Si substrate as the gate bias is varied. 3) The rapid energy shifts allows for efficient charging and discharging of the defects near the SiO/sub 2//HfO/sub 2/ interface by tunneling. |
18,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimum-color path problems for reliability in mesh networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Mesh networks, Protection, Optical fiber networks, Computer network reliability, Colon, WDM networks, Telecommunication network reliability, Computer science, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: In this work, we consider the problem of maximizing the reliability of connections in mesh networks against failure scenarios in which multiple links may fail simultaneously. We consider the single-path connection problem as well as multiple-path (protected) connection problems. The problems are formulated as minimum-color path problems, where each link is associated with one or more colors, and each color corresponds to a given failure event Thus, when a certain color fails, all links which include that color will fail. In a single-path problem, by minimizing the number of colors on the path, the failure probability of the path can be minimized if all colors have the same probability of causing failures. In the case of two paths, where one path is a protection path, if all colors have the same probability of causing failures, the problem becomes that of finding two link-disjoint paths which either have a minimum total number of colors, or which have a minimum number of overlapping colors. By minimizing the total number of colors, the probability that a failure will occur on either of the paths is minimized. On the other hand, by minimizing the number of overlapping colors, the probability that a single failure event will cause both paths to fail simultaneously is minimized. The problems are proved to be NP-complete, and ILP formulations are developed. Heuristic algorithms are proposed for larger instances of the problems, and the heuristics are evaluated through simulation. |
18,872 | Please write an abstract with title: On solution bounds for three types of Lyapunov matrix equations: continuous, discrete and unified equations, and key words: Equations, Feedback, Automatic control, Modules (abstract algebra), Multidimensional systems, Control system synthesis, MIMO, Structural engineering, System analysis and design, Sufficient conditions. Abstract: An approach is proposed to obtain a series of solution bounds for the unified algebraic Lyapunov matrix equation by making use of its feature, i.e., a mediator between the continuous-time and discrete-time Lyapunov equations. Due to the approach, every existing solution bound for both the continuous and discrete equations becomes intact in the sense that it yields a corresponding bound for the unified equation. The approach is endorsed by this simple fact: the three types of Lyapunov equations share the solution, provided certain relationships are maintained among corresponding coefficient matrices of the equations. Some examples are presented to show that the proposed method actually produces new bounds and builds bridges over existing bounds. |
18,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain Application for Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), and key words: Online banking, Pandemics, Buildings, Blockchains, Peer-to-peer computing, Currencies, Testing. Abstract: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a digital version of domestic currency with the unit of account equivalent to its domestic currency. Blockchain can be used to implement CBDC to execute and settle peer-to-peer transactions. With the emergence of private money such as cryptocurrencies and stable coins and the growing use of digital payments to lessen the global pandemic spread, CBDC is an active research area among the central banks worldwide. Many central banks started their CBDC projects by building proofs of concept (PoCs) to replicate wholesale payment systems and expand their investigation into other use cases such as delivery versus Payment (DvP) and cross-border remittance. PBoC, China Central Bank, has already started a pilot testing of their digital currency. This paper discusses the application of blockchain for CBDC by presenting CBDC projects by central banks. Moreover, this paper analyses issues, identify challenges, and discusses future works in this rapidly evolving field. |
18,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Radar scattering from blunted cone tips, and key words: Radar scattering, Boundary conditions, Equations, Impedance, Conductors, Magnetic fields, Radar cross section. Abstract: The radar cross section is calculated for semi-infinite perfectly conducting cones with tips which are blunted in one of several ways. Calculations have been performed for nose-on incidence using exact theory, and for nose-on and near nose-on incidence using the physical optics approximation. The calculations have been restricted to narrow-angle cones and, in most cases, to tip dimensions small compared with a wavelength. For the rounded tip (spherical tip attached smoothly to the cone), the calculations agree very well with the physical optics approximation. Thus, the use of physical optics for nonzero aspect angles seems justified. |
18,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Design for High Efficiency of Single-Phase Induction Motor for Industrial Exhaust Fan, and key words: Industries, Fans, Energy consumption, Induction motors, Costs, Conferences, Capacitors. Abstract: Exhaust fans are one of the most used electrical appliances in industries. The industrial exhaust fans are heavy-duty fans having sweep in the range of 300 mm to 600 mm and power rating below 0.5 kW. Such motors are continuous duty motors and are in operation throughout the day all years. The permanent capacitor single phase induction motors are widely used for such applications. However, an overall efficiency of commercially available motors, is less than 50%. In this paper, the design of a commercially available industrial exhaust fan is analyzed and improved for high efficiency. The motor is analytically optimized, and the design is further refined using the 2D FEA. Simulated results from 2D FEA are presented, and an evaluation of an overall energy consumption with the cost of the motor is presented in brief. |
18,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Multicontext Systems, and key words: Cognition, Probabilistic logic, Uncertainty, Bridges, Semantics, Lattices, Blood. Abstract: Multicontext systems provide an effective representation and reasoning framework for integrating heterogeneous knowledge obtained from different sources and have been applied in different fields. Because many application fields in real life have to deal with uncertain and fuzzy knowledge, this article aims to combine the multicontext system and fuzzy logic theory effectively and systematically to deal with the representation and reasoning of uncertainty in heterogeneous contexts. The current research in this area is still relatively limited, especially in terms of systematic integration. Specifically, this article proposes a class of heterogeneous nonmonotonic fuzzy multicontext systems based on nonmonotonic multicontext systems, in which an abstract logic is proposed to capture different types of logic and is used as a theoretical basis for fuzzy multicontext knowledge representation and setting up bridging rules to integrate heterogeneous knowledge. Fuzzy equilibria are used to describe the semantics of fuzzy multicontext systems. The syntactic and semantic framework of heterogeneous nonmonotonic fuzzy multicontext systems is then systematically established. Finally, we show that the proposed fuzzy multicontext system not only extends the nonmonotonic multicontext system to fuzzy settings, but also could expand the probabilistic multicontext system and the possibilistic multicontext system in the similar way. |
18,877 | Please write an abstract with title: The Experimental Assessment of Different PV Cell Temperature Models Under The Actual Climatic Conditions for Cd-Te PV Modules, and key words: Temperature distribution, Correlation, Atmospheric modeling, Wind speed, Asia, Mathematical models, Data models. Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) module technology is a fast-growing market in the last decades. Although there are many studies to increase the efficiency of the PV cells in research laborites in the literature, the actual efficiency of PV modules is related to the outdoor performance. PV cell temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the outdoor performance of PV modules. In this paper, the most accurate cell temperature model is determined for Cadmium-Telluride (Cd-Te) PV module technologies. For this purpose, fifteen cell temperature models are find out from the literature and they are formed in MATLAB-Simulink environment as a first step. Then, simultaneously recorded atmospheric data are applied as an input parameter to the cell temperature models, and the PV power values are calculated by each model. Besides, the generated power of a PV system consisting of Cd-Te arrays and installed outdoors is recorded experimentally. The calculated PV power and the generated PV power are compared. Hereby, the model that gives the most realistic result is determined. The determined model can be used in energy estimates for Cd-Te PV systems that will be installed in regions with known atmospheric data in the future. |
18,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Beamformig Design With Fast Convergence for IRS-Aided Full-Duplex Communication, and key words: Array signal processing, Linear programming, Optimization, Silicon, Convergence, Closed-form solutions, Computational complexity. Abstract: We study the beamforming optimization for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided full-duplex (FD) communication system in this letter. Specifically, we maximize the sum rate of bi-directional transmissions by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming and the beamforming of the IRS reflection. A fast converging alternating algorithm is developed to tackle this problem. In each iteration of the proposed algorithm, the solutions to the transmit beamforming and the IRS reflect beamforming are obtained in a semi-closed form and a closed form, respectively. Compared to an existing method based on the Arimoto-Blahut algorithm, the proposed method achieves almost the same performance while enjoying much faster convergence and lower computational complexity. |
18,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Semi-supervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation Based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy, and key words: Training, Automation. Abstract: Domain adaptation aims to transfer knowledge from a source domain to a new but related target domain. Most adversarial training methods align feature distributions thus both domains can share the same classifier. However, compared to unsupervised adversarial domain adaptation, supervised information from the labeled target domain can better guide the transfer process by learning transferable as well as discriminative features. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised adversarial domain adaptation (SSADA) method that can align the feature distributions across domains. In SSADA, labeled target samples are used to learn discriminative features while unlabeled target samples are used to learn transferable features based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy. The experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. |
18,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative control of a two-arm flexible manipulator with redundancy, and key words: Kinematics, Manipulators, Arm, Space stations, Robotic assembly, International Space Station, Orbital robotics, Assembly systems, Lighting control, Costs. Abstract: This paper discusses cooperative control of a two-arm spatial flexible manipulator with redundancy. Two different approaches are discussed to solve the kinematics of this manipulator. Moreover, several performance criteria are also discussed for this system in order to obtain an optimal kinematics solution. Some of the criteria discussed are peculiar to the cooperation of the two-arm spatial flexible manipulators, and have not been described before. Finally, the criteria and kinematics solutions are evaluated with experimental implementations. |
18,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Survivable waveband switching in WDM mesh networks under dedicated path-protection, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Mesh networks, Protection, Telecommunication traffic, High speed optical techniques, Costs, Optical fiber networks, Routing. Abstract: This paper considers the problem of dedicated path-protection in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) mesh networks with waveband switching functionality under shared risk link group (SRLG) constraints. Two dedicated path-protection schemes are proposed, namely the PBABL scheme and the MPABWL scheme. The PBABL scheme protects each working waveband-path through a backup waveband-path. The MPABWL scheme protects each working waveband-path by either a backup waveband-path or multiple backup lightpaths. Heuristic algorithms adopting random optimization technique are proposed for both the schemes. The performance of the two protection schemes is studied and compared. Simulation results show that both the heuristics can obtain optimum solutions and the MPABWL scheme leads to less switching and transmission costs than the PBABL scheme. |
18,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Regional Drought Monitoring Based on Multi-Sources Data in China, and key words: Monitoring, Indexes, Remote sensing, Soil moisture, Vegetation mapping, Data models, Temperature sensors. Abstract: Drought disaster occurs frequently with wide range covering almost whole China, which has caused large losses in China, especially in agriculture, urban water supply and ecological environment. Drought monitoring and assessment is an important means of drought management for drought relief funds allocation, farmers' loss subsidy, drought relief emergency response initiation, media publicity and so on. According to the statistics of “China Water and Drought Disaster Bulletin” [15], the annual average grain loss due to drought in China reached 25.2 billion kg from 1990 to 2016, and the average number of people suffering from drinking water difficulties in dry years exceeded 27 million. Drought disasters have caused serious damage to China's social productivity, seriously threatening the safety of drinking water, food security and ecological and environmental security of urban and rural residents. At present, drought disaster is still a serious problem for the sustainable development of national economy and society. |
18,883 | Please write an abstract with title: A 7-18GHz amplifier using GaAs FETs, and key words: Gallium arsenide, FETs, Pulse amplifiers, Bandwidth, Frequency conversion, Couplers, Temperature, Broadband amplifiers, Circuit synthesis, Loss measurement. Abstract: The design of a complete 7-18GHz FET amplifier using a 0.5 μ FET will be discussed. Features include a limiter in the first stage followed by a six gain module affording a gain of 28dB. |
18,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Hybrid Field Problems by the Method of Lines with Nonequidistant Discretization, and key words: Fourier series, Convergence, Electromagnetic waveguides, Conductors, Microwave theory and techniques, Planar transmission lines, Microwave filters, Passive filters, Resonator filters, Physics. Abstract: The method of lines, which has been proved to be very efficient for calculating the characteristics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional planar microwave structures, is extended to nonequidistant discretization. By means of an intermediate transformation it is possible to maintain all essential transformation properties that are given in the case of equidistant discretization. The flexibltity of the method of lines is increased substantially. As a consequence, the accuracy is improved with reduced computational effort. |
18,885 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Positioning Algorithm Robust to Measured Distances Errors for Non-Overdetermined Systems, and key words: Navigation, Measurement uncertainty, Area measurement, Estimation, Position measurement, Electrical engineering computing, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: In the position estimation topic, it is well-known that a minimum of three reference stations or anchors are required to solve the positioning problem by classical methods in a 2D space, otherwise the obtained errors are large. Thus, more information provided by a greater number of anchors will pay off in a more accurate estimation. Nevertheless, there are situations where this cannot be always achieved. In this work an algorithm able to estimate the position of an unmanned aerial vehicle with only the three anchors required for position estimation is presented and evaluated in terms of accuracy in a multipath environment. The proposed algorithm combines two positioning methods found in the literature in order to reduce the errors generated by each one implemented separately. |
18,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Spherical Harmonic Theory Investigations for Spherical Antenna Arrays, and key words: Phased arrays, Satellite antennas, Costs, Array signal processing, Antenna theory, Harmonic analysis, Arrays. Abstract: Low Earth Orbit satellite communications can be significantly improved by the omni-directional beamscanning ability of the spherical antenna arrays. The signal processing of spherical antenna arrays is essentially enhanced by employing spherical harmonic theory. Spherical harmonics (or spherical modes) exploit sphere’s perfect symmetry and demonstrate the feature to “reproduce” themselves in the farfield. First, this paper justifies the cost and performance superiority of the spherical arrays compared to the planar case. In addition, it presents several spherical array investigations that utilize spherical harmonic theory, offering substantial enhancement and simplifying the computational level of the array processing. |
18,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Intuitive crowd behavior in dense urban environments using local laws, and key words: Cities and towns, Educational institutions, Medical simulation, Legged locomotion, Computational modeling, Collision avoidance, Artificial intelligence, Traffic control, Rail transportation, Costs. Abstract: In games, entertainment, medical and architectural applications, the creation of populated virtual city environments has recently become widespread. In this paper we want to provide a technique that allows the simulation of up to 10,000 pedestrians walking in real-time. Simulation for such environments is difficult as a trade off needs to be found between realism and real-time simulation. This paper presents a pedestrian crowd simulation method aiming at improving the local and global reactions of the pedestrians. The method uses a subdivision of space into a 2D (two-dimensional) grid for pedestrian-to-pedestrian collision avoidance, while assigning goals to pedestrians to make their trajectories smoother and coherent. Goals are computed automatically and connected into a graph that reflects the structure of the city and triggers a spatial repartition of the density of pedestrians. In order to create realistic reactions when areas become crowded, local directions are stored and updated in real-time, allowing the apparition of pedestrian streams. Combining the different methods contributes to a more realistic model, while keeping a real-time frame rate for up to 10,000 simulated pedestrians. |
18,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Breakdown of universal mobility curves in sub-100-nm MOSFETs, and key words: Electric breakdown, MOSFETs, Scattering, Kernel, Fluctuations, Atomic layer deposition, Calibration, Acceleration, Silicon. Abstract: We explore the breakdown of universal mobility behavior in sub-100-nm Si MOSFETs, using a novel three-dimensional (3-D) statistical simulation approach. In this approach, carrier trajectories in the bulk are treated via 3-D Brownian dynamics, while the carrier-interface roughness scattering is treated using a novel empirical model. Owing to the high efficiency of the transport kernel, effective mobility in 3-D MOSFETs with realistic Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces reconstructed from a Gaussian or exponential correlation function can be simulated in a statistical manner. We first demonstrate a practical calibration procedure for the interface mobility and affirm the universal behavior in the long channel limit. Next, effective mobility in ensembles of MOSFETs with a gate length down to 10 nm is investigated. It is found that the random-discrete nature of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface leads to a distribution of carrier mobility below the interface, which can deviate considerably from universal mobility curves when L/sub gate/<6/spl Lambda/, where /spl Lambda/ is the correlation length for the SiO/sub 2/ interface. |
18,889 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverter Dynamic Electro-Thermal Modeling and Simulation with Experimental Verification, and key words: Inverters, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Support vector machines, Semiconductor device measurement, Diodes, Performance evaluation, Temperature, Packaging, Steady-state, Heating. Abstract: A full electro-thermal simulation of a three-phase space-vector-modulated (SVM) inverter is performed and validated with measurements. Electrical parameters are extracted over temperature for the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and diode electro-thermal models. A thermal network methodology that includes thermal coupling between devices is applied to a six-pack module package containing multiple IGBT and diode chips. The electro-thermal device models and six-pack module thermal model are used to simulate SVM inverter operation at several power levels. Good agreement between model and measurement is obtained for steady state operation of the three-phase inverter. In addition, transient heating of a single IGBT in the six-pack module is modeled and validated, yielding good agreement |
18,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Volume rendering in the presence of partial volume effects, and key words: Computed tomography, Skin, Biological tissues, X-ray imaging, Bones, Imaging phantoms, Rendering (computer graphics), X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Biological materials. Abstract: In tomographic imagery, partial volume effects (PVEs) cause several artifacts in volume renditions. In X-ray computed tomography (CT), for example, soft-tissue-like pseudo structures appear in bone-to-air and bone-to-fat interfaces. Further, skin, which is identical to soft tissue in terms of CT number, obscures the rendition of the latter. The purpose of This work is to demonstrate these phenomena and to provide effective solutions that yield significantly improved renditions. We introduce two methods that detect and classify voxels with PVE in X-ray CT. Further, a method is described to automatically peel skin so that PVE-resolved renditions of bone and soft tissue reveal considerably more detail. In the first method to address PVE, called the fraction measure (FM) method, the fraction of each tissue material in each voxel v is estimated by taking into account the intensities of the voxels neighboring v. The second method, called uncertainty principle (UP) method, is based on the following postulate (Saha and Udupa, 2001): In any acquired image, voxels with the highest uncertainty occur in the vicinity of object boundaries. The removal of skin is achieved by means of mathematical morphology. Volume renditions have been created before and after applying the methods for several patient CT datasets. A mathematical phantom experiment involving different levels of PVE has been conducted by adding different degrees of noise and blurring. A quantitative evaluation is done utilizing the mathematical phantom and clinical CT data wherein an operator carefully masked out voxels with PVE in the segmented images. All results have demonstrated the enhanced quality of display of bone and soft tissue after applying the proposed methods. The quantitative evaluations indicate that more than 98% of the voxels with PVE are removed by the two methods and the second method performs slightly better than the first. Further, skin peeling vividly reveals fine details in the soft tissue structures. |
18,891 | Please write an abstract with title: 3d electric field calculation of vacuum circuit breakers with multiple breaks using the ANSYS finite element program, and key words: Circuit breakers, Finite element methods, Vacuum systems, Sun, Vacuum technology, Design optimization, Buildings, Equivalent circuits, Circuit simulation, Voltage. Abstract: The finite element method has proven to be a very useful tool for calculating the electric field in vacuum interrupters. A number of infinite element programs have been developed for this special task. For those who do not have access to one these specialized programs and do not wish to develop their own program, another option is available to use the commercial finite element programs such as the ANSYS finite element program. Recently a new vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) technology with multi-breaks is proposed by means of placing the fiber-controlled vacuum interrupter modules (FCVIMs) in series just like the building blocks. This contribution uses the ANSYS finite element program to calculate the electric field in VCB with double or triple breaks that are composed of FCVIMs. The model of a 12kV vacuum interrupter is set up to calculate the three dimensional (3D) electric field as well as its self-capacitance the three VCB with double or triple breaks are also set up for calculation while the capacitance equivalent circuit is proposed for stimulating the voltage distribution of the breaks. By means of calculation of different collocation of VCB with triple breaks, the optimized electric field calculation is put forward. It shows that it is really an effective method for the design of VCB with multi-breaks using the ANSYS finite element program. |
18,892 | Please write an abstract with title: 3M algorithm: finding an optimal fuzzy cluster scheme for proximity data, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Merging, Biomedical imaging, Fuzzy systems, Image recognition, Information retrieval, Image retrieval, Data analysis, Entropy. Abstract: In order to find an optimal fuzzy cluster scheme for proximity data, where just pairwise distances among objects are given, two conditions are necessary: A good cluster validity function, which can be applied to proximity data for evaluation of the goodness of cluster schemes for varying number of clusters; a good cluster algorithm that can deal with proximity data and produce an optimal solution for a fixed number of clusters. To satisfy the first condition, a new validity function is proposed, which works well even when the number of clusters is very large. For the second condition, we give a new algorithm called multi-step maxmin and merging algorithm (3M algorithm). Experiments show that, when used in conjunction with the new cluster validity function, the 3M algorithm produces satisfactory results. |
18,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Construction heuristic for the dial-a-Ride problem with driver preferences, and key words: Costs, Benchmark testing, Routing, Windows, Public transportation. Abstract: In this paper, we study an extension of the well-known dial-a-ride problem with time windows. The aim is to design taxi routes to serve transportation requests each request is associated with a pickup and a delivery location. The problem is modeled as a dial-a-ride problem (DARP) with driver prefer-ences. In addition to the basics constraints for the (DARP), we consider that each driver can specify his destination at which time he wishes to end his trip. With the aim to minimize a weighted sum over total routing costs, the number of unserved requests, excess time to reach the destination of the driver. We propose a construction heuristic based on the location of drivers to solve this problem. Tested on randomly generated data, computational results show that the proposed construction heuristic can provide solutions with acceptable quality in a reasonable time. |
18,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Error localization for robust video transmission, and key words: Robustness, Source coding, Error correction, Decoding, Channel coding, Video compression, Data communication, Code standards, Communication channels, Wireless networks. Abstract: The convergence of Internet, multimedia and mobile applications has led to an increased demand for efficient and reliable video data transmission over heterogeneous networks. Due to their coding efficiency, variable-length codes (VLC) are usually employed in the entropy coding stage of video compression standards. However, error propagation is a major problem associated with VLC. We propose the use of a class of self-synchronizing VLC (SSVLC) to achieve the dual goal of optimal coding efficiency and optimal error localization. Performance evaluation has confirmed that the use of SSVLC provides better performance than standard VLC techniques. |
18,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement-based admission control using maximum burstiness, and key words: Admission control, Aggregates, Traffic control, Testing, Tellurium, Delay, Quality of service, Current measurement, Performance evaluation, Probability. Abstract: We introduce a new measurement-based admission control using the maximum burstiness (MB) of the aggregate traffic. In the MB algorithm, admission control is performed by testing the schedulability of a new flow request using the target loss probability to get a feasible value of a performance tuning parameter. The MB algorithm obtains robustness by applying the quality-of-service requirements to the admission control test and achieves high bandwidth utilization by adopting statistical multiplexing. |
18,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Ikshana: Intelligent Assisting System for Visually Challenged People, and key words: Image recognition, Text recognition, Face recognition, Education, User interfaces, Feature extraction, Optical character recognition software. Abstract: People with visual impairment experience numerous difficulties in their everyday life. With the advancements in technologies, many developers have engineered various devices and aids for visually challenged people. However, many such assistive devices fall short of the user requirements concerning level of support and price. This paper presents Ikshana for visually challenged people, which intends to assist them with multiple everyday tasks using the advantage of an affordable and wearable design. Ikshana is a Sanskrit origin noun, which means sight. Ikshana, as a product, serves as a vocalized assistant which implements features like image processing, text detection and recognition, face identification, currency denomination recognition, and obstruction detection. The text reader system employs OCR software to help interpret the printed texts and online articles. The hardware architecture comprises a Raspberry pi 3B model as the processing unit, Raspberry Pi camera, buttons, and ultrasonic sensors. As a narrating agent, the headphone directs the audio output to the recipient. |
18,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Systematic Linear Word String Recognition and Evaluation Technique, and key words: Text recognition, Data mining, Visualization, Mathematical model, Image segmentation, Image recognition. Abstract: As a proverb goes, “A Picture speaks more than a word”. The influence of a picture on any given information is predominant and has extra mileage in representing the information. In this paper, a linear model of word recognition is proposed using the image datasets. The proposed model is evaluated on primary datasets of UCL repository, the results are processed using MATLAB and the recognition ratio is effective compared to the previous approaches. Typically, the proposed technique is an optimized solution for word string extraction from a given image data-samples. |
18,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Chip equalisation for third generation MIMO high data rate applications, and key words: MIMO, Transmitting antennas, Correlators, Multiaccess communication, Transmitters, Noise reduction, Autocorrelation, 3G mobile communication, Receiving antennas, Australia. Abstract: A chip equaliser structure for multi-in-multi-out (MIMO) channels is described. The equaliser is trained adaptively from a continuous, low-power, code-multiplexed pilot signal and is suitable for high data rate applications such as those proposed for third generation mobile telephony systems. The equaliser tap-update algorithm utilizes a pilot correlator to reduce adaptation noise, resulting in more rapid convergence and lower residual MSE. |
18,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploration and practice of online and offline mixed teaching mode based on PBL in basic computer courses, and key words: Epidemics, Computer aided instruction, Electronic learning, Distance learning, Education, Transforms, Market research. Abstract: The epidemic situation in 2020 has promoted the development of online education. After the epidemic, in order to make full use of various online education resources, we began to explore online and offline hybrid teaching. In order to improve students' learning interest and enthusiasm, PBL is combined with online and offline teaching mode, and the implementation of teaching mode and teaching effect are introduced. |
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