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18,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Consensus of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems with Second-Order and Third-Order Dynamics, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Technological innovation, Network topology, Nonlinear filters, Switches, Numerical simulation, Filtering theory. Abstract: Consensus problems of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) composed of second-order agents and third- order agents with directed network topologies are considered in this paper. Firstly, linear filters are applied to the second-order agents and the third-order agents respectively in the systems. Secondly, two consensus protocols are designed by means of graph theory, matrix theory and control theory. Finally, numerical simulation is brought to verify. |
18,701 | Please write an abstract with title: An integrated system for supporting problem solution in e-contract execution, and key words: Contracts, Humans, Prototypes, Informatics, Standardization, XML, Joining processes, Proposals, History, Collaborative work. Abstract: The standardizations of XML language for e-business like ebXML and BPEL4WS are being carried out and message specifications for connecting workflows of several companies are also being examined. However, not all of the rules in contract can be incorporated into workflows. When an exception which cannot be resolved by workflows occurs, it is important to support settlement of the execution by following contracts. The process of settlement should include human negotiations on interpretations of the contracts, analysis of situations, and proposal of solutions. In this paper, we report a prototype system which supports the entire process of settling exceptions, based on the workflow-contract-solution model. We report the system architecture and modeling examples, and utilization of the system by a realistic trade scenario. The system demonstrated capabilities of clearly modeling contracts and situations, and usefulness of searching histories. |
18,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Piezoresistive micromechanical transducer operation in a pulsed neutron and gamma ray environment, and key words: Piezoresistance, Micromechanical devices, Transducers, Neutrons, Instruments, Accelerometers, Testing, Temperature measurement, Calibration, Microelectromechanical systems. Abstract: We completed the third in a series of experiments using commercially available, piezoresistive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transducers to instrument articles exposed to the intense, pulsed neutron and gamma ray radiation environment of Sandia National Laboratories' Annular Core Research Reactor. Based on analyzing the survival of pressure transducers and accelerometers in the first two experiments, we identified candidate piezoresistive, MEMS transducers and then tested them by exposure to pulses, each with 10/sup 15/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/ and 10/sup 4/ Gy (1 Mrad) of gamma radiation. Simultaneous measurement of temperature indicates that the pressure transducers retain their calibrations and may provide a means of quickly identifying temperature-induced offset shifts of accelerometer calibrations. Comparison to other sensors that do not survive in this environment and implications for using these transducers to instrument test articles are also presented. |
18,703 | Please write an abstract with title: VehicleCIDS: An Efficient Vehicle Intrusion Detection System Based on Clock Behavior, and key words: Statistical analysis, Heuristic algorithms, Intrusion detection, Resists, Software, Real-time systems, Hardware. Abstract: Nowadays, more and more external interfaces are added into intelligent and connected vehicles. The in-vehicle network, especially the controller area network (CAN), is no longer a closed environment, which provides more approaches for attackers to invade. To resist attacks, numerous researchers have proposed intrusion detection systems (IDSs). However, attackers can intrude CAN bus in a more advanced way, such as masquerade attack, which leads to failures of most IDS. To counter masquerade attacks, we propose an efficient vehicle IDS based on clock behavior, called VehicleCIDS. First, the system uses recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm to estimate the clock behavior of each electronic control unit (ECU). Then, a statistical method called empirical rule is used to detect attack messages. Finally, it utilizes dynamic time warping (DTW) to identify attackers. The experimental results on real vehicles show that the recognition rate of VehicleCIDS can achieve 98.52% in intrusion detection and 87.71% in attacker identification. |
18,704 | Please write an abstract with title: A near-infrared image based face recognition system, and key words: Face recognition, Face detection, Image recognition, Facial features, Infrared imaging, Lighting, Infrared detectors, Infrared sensors, Temperature sensors, Performance analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we present a near infrared (NIR) image based face recognition system. Firstly, we describe a design of NIR image capture device which minimizes influence of environmental lighting on face images. Both face and facial feature localization and face recognition are performed using local features with AdaBoost learning. An evaluation in real-world user scenario shows that the system achieves excellent accuracy, speed and usability. |
18,705 | Please write an abstract with title: An approach to enforce disjunction of GMECs on controlled Petri Nets, and key words: Petri nets, Law, Legal factors, Supervisory control, Monitoring, Inhibitors, Ear, Context modeling, Control systems, Discrete event systems. Abstract: The problem of enforcing disjunction of Generalized Mutual Exclusion Constraints (GMECs) on a Petri Net (PN) system is discussed in this paper. It has been proved that in presence of uncontrollable transitions a GMEC has to be transformed into a proper disjunction of GMECs to be enforced in a maximally permissive way. In addition, some control problems have to be directly specified as a disjunction of GMECs; this is the case when the legal markings belong to a non-convex region. In the literature the problem has been solved by extending the standard enabling rule for PNs by using OR-logic and Inhibitor Arcs. In this paper we propose an algorithm to synthesize a standard PN based controller to enforce a limited non-convex legal marking region under some restrictions. |
18,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Fault Detection and Diagnosis of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using Time Difference of Arrival, and key words: Fault detection, Time difference of arrival, Uncertainty, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Artificial neural networks, Pulse width modulation. Abstract: An integrated approach to the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of an unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. A novel approach using the Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) principle has been developed to detect, isolate and identify an incipient fault condition in the rotor dynamics. The requirements of a reconfigurable controller (RC) has been taken into account through the real-time implementation of a continuous forward algorithm (CFA) with a golden section search (GSS) combined with a meta-heuristic global optimization technique. The training and testing data for Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBF-NN) learning and prediction were supplied in discrete-time and its integration capacity validated through a Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) using a Teensy 3.6 microcontroller. The Pseudo real-time desktop simulation showed that the FDD algorithm was able to detect and isolate an incipient rotor fault and supply the RC a post-fault model and associated fault uncertainties. This method showed robustness towards prediction errors (bias and variance) and can be used in an integrated fault-tolerant control framework. |
18,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Motif-Based Visual Analysis of Dynamic Networks, and key words: Measurement, Knowledge engineering, Visualization, Social networking (online), Shape, Network topology, Data visualization. Abstract: Many data analysis problems rely on dynamic networks, such as social or communication network analyses. Providing a scalable overview of long sequences of such dynamic networks remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale data containing elusive topological changes. We propose two complementary pixel-based visualizations, which reflect occurrences of selected sub-networks (motifs) and provide a time-scalable overview of dynamic networks: a network-level census (motif significance profiles) linked with a node-level sub-network metric (graphlet degree vectors) views to reveal structural changes, trends, states, and outliers. The network census captures significantly occurring motifs compared to their expected occurrences in random networks and exposes structural changes in a dynamic network. The sub-network metrics display the local topological neighborhood of a node in a single network belonging to the dynamic network. The linked pixel-based visualizations allow exploring motifs in different-sized networks to analyze the changing structures within and across dynamic networks, for instance, to visually analyze the shape and rate of changes in the network topology. We describe the identification of visual patterns, also considering different reordering strategies to emphasize visual patterns. We demonstrate the approach’s usefulness by a use case analysis based on real-world large-scale dynamic networks, such as the evolving social networks of Reddit or Facebook. |
18,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Molecular Simulation-based Hardness Calculation of Graphene-reinforced Copper-tungsten Alloy Contacts, and key words: Resistance, Circuit breakers, Simulation, Graphene, Power system dynamics, Semiconductor device reliability, Metals. Abstract: Copper-tungsten (CuW) alloy has been widely used in the contacts of circuit breaker. With the rapid development of power system to higher voltage levels, the existing contact material shows extremely deficient wear resistance, which is usually characterized by hardness property. In this paper, the models of CuW80 and CuW80Gr with different graphene contents are established. Then, the nanoindentation is used to calculate the material hardness, based on which the effect of graphene is discussed. Simulation results indicate that the addition of graphene can enhance the hardness of CuW alloy composites, and the hardness will decrease with graphene content. The indentation hardness of CuW80Gr with a graphene content of 0.037wt% reaches 13.16 GPa, which improves by 63% compared to CuW80 model. The research results in this paper can guide the design and modification of the contact material of circuit breaker. |
18,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive second-order global terminal sliding mode direct torque control of switched reluctance motor based on RBFNN, and key words: Reluctance motors, Torque, Perturbation methods, Sliding mode control, Neural networks. Abstract: Aiming at the problems of the parameter perturbation, the external disturbances and the torque ripple in the switched reluctance motor(SRM) speed control system, a combined control strategy of speed and torque is developed.Firstly, based on radial basis functions neural network(RBFNN), a second-order adaptive global fast terminal sliding mode(GFTSM-NN) speed controller is developed. The RBFNN is employed to compensate for the influence of unknown parameter disturbances, thereby reducing the controller's dependence on the accurate information of the system. The neural network parameters are updated according to the adaptive law that is computed using Lyapunov approach to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system. Secondly, the torque sharing function(TSF) is used to calculate the expected torque of each item, and a current controller is designed based on the Lyapunov direct method, thereby achieving the accurate current tracking and reducing the torque ripple. Finally, based on the measured data of the three phase 12/8 poles 1.5 kW SRM. comparative studies are carried out among the proposed control scheme, GFTSM control and PI control. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
18,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of frequency selective surfaces on electrically and magnetically anisotropic substrates, and key words: Magnetic analysis, Frequency selective surfaces, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Magnetic domains, Moment methods, Green's function methods, Maxwell equations, Magnetic resonance. Abstract: A full-wave analysis of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) supported by both electrically and magnetically anisotropic substrate is presented. The analytical procedure is based on Galerkin's method applied in the spectral domain, and the spectral Green's function for the considered structure is formulated based on Maxwell's equations directly. A series of FSS with different medium parameters, due to the rotation of the principal axes in the transverse plane, are computed efficiently, the effects of the rotation of principal axes on the resonance of the FSS are examined as functions of the rotation angle. Numerical results exhibit the influence of the electrical and magnetic anisotropy on the electromagnetic characteristics of FSS. |
18,711 | Please write an abstract with title: A Spectrum Analysis Approach for the Median Problem in Modern Network Environments, and key words: Measurement, Computers, Analytical models, Network topology, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Robustness, Spectral analysis. Abstract: Service facility location is a challenging problem in the emerging dynamic modern network environments of increased number of users, devices, and supported applications. Under this perspective, the median problem is revisited here from a spectrum analysis point of view. More specifically, a median matrix depending on the network topology and the traffic requirements of the network nodes is introduced and studied in this paper. An analytical investigation of its spectral properties reveals that the minimum elements of its principal eigenvector correspond to the solution of the median problem. The smallest eigenvalue is also studied through simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the spectrum analysis approach introduced in this paper. Moreover, its relation to a metric related to the robustness of the median solution is investigated, thus shedding further light on the particulars of facility location problems. |
18,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Application of Personalized Learning System based on Knowledge Map, and key words: Learning systems, Data visualization, Knowledge engineering, Education, Organizations, Problem-solving, Computer science. Abstract: At present, there are many online practice and examination platforms, but the design and organization of the questions are relatively simple, and the results of the feedback to the students' practice are relatively simple. In order to enable learners to carry out personalized learning more pertinently and improve the learning efficiency of learners, combining with the research status of personalized learning system of knowledge map at home and abroad, this study proposes to apply knowledge map to the learning system, analyze students' problem-solving situation as a whole, find out students' weak knowledge points and mark it in the original subject knowledge map and push the students' weak knowledge points resource, and a teaching application mode based on knowledge map for personalized learning system is proposed. |
18,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Successfully outsourcing embedded software development, and key words: Outsourcing, Embedded software, Knowledge transfer, Global Positioning System, Knowledge management, Project management, Manufacturing, Computer interfaces, Embedded computing, Control systems. Abstract: A large US company, UIC successfully outsources embedded software development after applying people- and project-focused practices developed from a prior failed attempt. In this article the author describes 10 practices that have helped UIC create an offshore development strategy that produces embedded software at a lower cost while maintaining quality. These lessons show how both the people involved in offshore projects and the projects themselves must be treated differently from internally developed projects. Even with the high complexities and intellectual property concerns surrounding embedded software development, UIC has used these practices to establish processes that ensure successful delivery and protection of UIC's intellectual property. |
18,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Education on Communication Etiquette, and key words: Education, Urban areas. Abstract: In the context of learning there is a strong consensus that students' perception about their interaction with teachers affects their motivation, outcomes and achievements. Although the communication process is embedded in all other common processes, few studies focus on the quality of communication, especially in education. Communication etiquette requires a greater number of communication skills due to the constant adaptation of situations in the environment. The survey was conducted on a sample of 257 teachers of primary education of the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County. The conducted research showed that primary education teachers show a noticeable higher level of communication etiquette (71.8%) than e.g. managers of social areas (43.21%). The reason can be found in two communication levels: the content and relation, whereby during initial education the relation level is often omitted without which there is no quality communication. It can be assumed that the student-professor relationship is more or less the same at all higher education institutions in Croatia, but that the social ones may differ from the technical ones regarding the content of courses which may contribute more to the development of communication culture. |
18,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive grey control for hybrid resonant driving linear piezoelectric ceramic motor, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Resonance, Ceramics, Uncertainty, Control systems, Torque control, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Resonant inverters, Circuits. Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive grey control (AGC) system for a linear piezoelectric ceramic motor (LPCM) driven by a newly designed hybrid resonant inverter. First, the motor configuration and the driving circuit of an LPCM are introduced, and its hypothetical dynamic model is described briefly. The hybrid resonant drive system has the merits of high voltage gain from a parallel resonant current source and the invariant output characteristic from a two-inductance two-capacitance (LLCC) resonant driving circuit. Since the dynamic characteristics and motor parameters of the LPCM are highly nonlinear and time varying, an AGC system is therefore investigated based on the principle of computed torque control and grey method to achieve high-precision position control under wide operation range. In this control system, a grey uncertainty predictor is utilized to estimate the lumped uncertainty on line to relax the requirement of the unknown uncertainty in the design of a computed torque position controller. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed drive and control system is verified by numerical simulations and experimental results in the presence of uncertainties. |
18,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of electromagnetic force to thin steel plate, and key words: Electromagnetic forces, Steel, Temperature, Electromagnetic fields, Electromagnets, Magnetic flux, Vibrations, Conductivity, Frequency, Magnetization. Abstract: To depress the vibration and meandering of a thin steel plate in a steel making plant, electromagnets which derive DC electromagnetic field as well as AC electromagnetic field are applied to the plate. In the case of DC electromagnetic field application, the different pole arrangement is superior to the same pole arrangement for the vertical position control, though the same pole arrangement is superior to the different pole arrangement for the lateral position control. In the case of AC electromagnetic field, frequency characteristics of the linear induction motor is researched. The electromagnetic force has thrust force as well as normal force. Because the normal force consists of the attractive force caused by magnetization and repulsive force caused by Lorentz force, the normal force becomes attractive in low frequency, though the normal force becomes repulsive in high frequency. |
18,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Electromagnetic Fluctuation on the Behaviors of NI REBCO Racetrack Coils Applied in MW-Class Wind Turbine Generator, and key words: High-temperature superconductors, Coils, Fluctuations, Windings, Electromagnetics, Wind turbines, Generators. Abstract: The electromagnetic fluctuation occurred in the HTS stator magnet owing to the alternating magnetic field and its harmonic component of rotor in the synchronous wind turbine generator (SWTG). It is a potential risk results in the quench of HTS stator magnet. To address this problem, we applied a no-insulation (NI) magnet technology to the HTS racetrack coil to inhibit the thermal runaway utilizing its outstanding self-protection characteristic and tolerance of over-current. In this study, we focus on investigating the feasibility of the NI HTS racetrack coil, in the practical application of MW-class SWTG. Hence, first, an electrical and thermal coupling numerical model using partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) and finite element method (FEM) is established. Based on this model, the influence of electromagnetic fluctuation on the thermal and current behaviors of the NI HTS winding during the operation of STWG, was clarified. Further, the influences of turn-to-turn contact resistance of NI racetrack coil on the quench characteristic under various electromagnetic fluctuations were discussed. According to these results, the relationship between the rotation speed of STWG and the turn-to-turn contact resistance of the NI racetrack coil was estimated. |
18,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Light Interaction with Individual Impurity Atoms in a Waveguide, and key words: Impurities, Ultraviolet sources, Atomic beams, Focusing, Waveguide lasers, Solids, Optics. Abstract: We study the interaction of quasi-resonant light with point impurity atoms embedded into transparent solid dielectric in a waveguide focusing our attention on the case when interatomic separations are much larger that the wavelength of light. We demonstrate the effect of incomplete spontaneous decay of a single excited atom in a waveguide and extremely long-range dipole-dipole interaction between different atoms. |
18,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Scaling Out Schema-free Stream Joins, and key words: Partitioning algorithms, Scalability, Storms, Twitter, Computer architecture, Microsoft Windows, Task analysis. Abstract: In this work, we consider computing natural joins over massive streams of JSON documents that do not adhere to a specific schema. We first propose an efficient and scalable partitioning algorithm that uses the main principles of association analysis to identify patterns of co-occurrence of the attribute-value pairs within the documents. Data is then accordingly forwarded to compute nodes and locally joined using a novel FP-tree-based join algorithm. By compactly storing the documents and efficiently traversing the FP-tree structure, the proposed join algorithm can operate on large input sizes and provide results in real-time. We discuss data-dependent scalability limitations that are inherent to natural joins over schema-free data and show how to practically circumvent them by artificially expanding the space of possible attribute-value pairs. The proposed algorithms are realized in the Apache Storm stream processing framework. Through extensive experiments with real-world as well as synthetic data, we evaluate the proposed algorithms and show that they outperform competing approaches. |
18,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Temporally Consistent Video Manipulation for Facial Expression Transfer, and key words: Learning systems, Human computer interaction, Gold, Computer vision, Training data, Deep architecture, Facial animation. Abstract: Facial expression transfer is an important problem in the computer vision community due to its applicability in human-computer interaction, facial animation, etc. Most of the existing approaches mainly deal with images. However, expression transfer to videos is yet to be explored. The extension of existing image-based approaches to videos often leads to flickering artifacts in the result. This is due to the temporal inconsistency that may have been produced due to the independent processing of frames. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a combination of loss functions in association with a deep learning-based method. Image reconstruction loss takes care of spatial domain consistency. The flow and warp losses address the temporal consistency. By maintaining consistency spatially as well as temporally, our method produces visually plausible results. The efficacy of our method is further explored in different problems like video dehazing, and video colorization. |
18,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Spectrum Access for Internet-of-Things Based on Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Internet of Things, Collaborative work, Wireless communication, Training, Interference, Dynamic spectrum access, Servers. Abstract: The explosive growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications such as smart cities and Industry 4.0 have led to drastic increase in demand for wireless bandwidth, hence motivating the rapid development of new techniques for enhancing spectrum utilization needed by new generation wireless communication technologies. Among others, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is one of the most widely accepted approaches. In this paper, as an enhancement of existing works, we take into consideration of inter-node collaborations in a dynamic spectrum environment. Typically, in such distributed circumstances, intelligent dynamic spectrum access almost invariably relies on self-learning to achieve dynamic spectrum access improvement. Whereas, this paper proposes a DSA scheme based on deep reinforcement learning to enhance spectrum and access efficiency. Unlike traditional Q-learning-based DSA, we introduce the following to enhance the spectrum efficiency in dynamic IoT spectrum environments. First, deep double Q-learning is adopted to perform local self-spectrum-learning for IoT terminals in order to achieve better dynamic access accuracy. Second, to accelerate learning convergence, federated learning (FL) in edge nodes is used to improve the self-learning. Third, multiple secondary users, who do not interfere with each other and have similar operation condition, are clustered for federated learning to enhance the efficiency of deep reinforcement learning. Comparing with the traditional distributed DSA with deep learning, the proposed scheme has faster access convergence speed due to the characteristic of global optimization for federated learning. Based on this, a framework of federated deep reinforcement learning (FDRL) for DSA is proposed. Furthermore, this scheme preserves privacy of IoT users in that FDRL only requires model parameters to be uploaded to edge servers. Simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of theproposed FDRL-based DSA framework. |
18,722 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Calculation Method of Leakage Inductance for High-frequency Transformer Based on Precise Analysis of Magnetic Field, and key words: High-frequency transformer, Litz wire, leakage inductance, analytical method. Abstract: In high-frequency transformers (HFTs), Litz wire is widely adopted to reduce eddy current loss and improve efficiency. Despite the advantages that Litz wire brings, calculating the leakage inductance is also more difficult. As one of the key parameters of high-frequency transformer, leakage inductance directly affects the power transmission performance. This paper proposes a new model to estimate the leakage inductance of transformers accurately in a wide frequency range. Unlike traditional models, the new model makes comprehensive analysis of leakage field and more accurate estimate of leakage inductance. In order to verify the precision of the proposed model, five transformers are built and analyzed by performance comparison. By comparing the results of measurement, finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and existing model, it is proved that the proposed model is more precise. Finally, the effect of winding layers and wire density on the variation of leakage inductance with frequency is revealed. |
18,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Resonantly pumped eyesafe erbium lasers, and key words: Resonance, Laser excitation, Erbium, Pump lasers, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Optical pulses, Power lasers, Diode lasers, Optical pumping. Abstract: The viability of high-power and high-energy, direct eyesafe emission from bulk erbium lasers has recently been demonstrated. In this paper, we present a review of eyesafe erbium lasers that are resonantly pumped by both fiber and diode lasers. High brightness pumping with a 1.53-/spl mu/m erbium fiber laser has yielded 60 W of continuous wave (CW) output, 10 W of repetitively Q-switched output, and as much as 16 mJ of pulse energy. Diode laser pumping has yielded 38 W of quasi-CW output and >40 mJ of Q-switched output. |
18,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Generation of 1.1-kA Gyrating Electron Beam Current From an Explosive Emission Cathode Magnetron Injection Gun, and key words: Cathodes, Electron beams, Plasmas, Explosives, Gyrotrons, Anodes, Carbon dioxide. Abstract: Most high-power gyrotrons are driven by the thermal cathodes, and the output power can only reach megawatt (MW) level. In the present study, a single anode explosive emission cathode (EEC) magnetron injection gun (MIG) with the high beam current, the pitch radio of 1.2 and the controlled beam velocity spread was designed. At the peak voltage of 300 kV, the peak beam current of 1.1 kA and pulsewidth of 170 ns were emitted by a carbon fiber array (CFA) emitter. Compared to the reported EEC MIG, large beam loss was avoided in this experiment. The guiding center radius of 14.1 mm was close to the simulation results. CFA has the stronger emission capability, the lower emission threshold electric field, and the better emission uniformity than sharpened edge graphite (SEG), so it is suggested as the emitter of the EEC MIG. |
18,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimising Web services performance with table driven XML, and key words: Web services, XML, Simple object access protocol, Encoding, Bandwidth, Delay, Java, Proposals, Access protocols, Testing. Abstract: The performance of the SOAP protocol has often been regarded relatively poor and requiring undue amounts of processor time, storage and bandwidth due to its use of text-based, metadata-laden XML encoding. There are many proposals available to tackle this perceived problem, however none of these coherently consider the different aspects of the problem: (1) message size; (2) message structure; (3) accessing individual elements; and (4) interoperability with other Web services protocols. The technique proposed in this paper: Table driven XML (TDXML) takes such a coherent view and offers more compact messages, simpler message structure and easier access to individual elements when compared to conventional SOAP. TDXML also enables keyed access to individual elements to enable single pass message parsing for improved object serialisation and deserialisation. Experimental studies show that TDXML can be incorporated easily into a commercially available SOAP implementation with 30% improved latency performance. Furthermore, this paper reports that TDXML can also be implemented with other transport mechanisms and provide even better performance (over 100%) than SOAP in regard to network bandwidth and latency. |
18,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion of "Adaptive power flow method for distribution systems with dispersed generation", and key words: Conductors, Thermal conductivity, Conductive films, Temperature measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Wind, Conducting materials, Viscosity, Testing, Position measurement. Abstract: The authors comment on the paper by Y. Zhu et al. on "Adaptive power flow method for distribution systems with dispersed generation" (see ibid., vol.17, p.822-7, 2002) and ask the original authors for their comments on two points raised by the paper. |
18,727 | Please write an abstract with title: A network layer based architecture for service discovery in mobile ad hoc networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Routing protocols, Context awareness, Bluetooth, Wireless application protocol, Network topology, Computer architecture, Computer networks, Information science. Abstract: Service discovery is an integral pail of constructing a self-configuring mobile ad hoc network (MANET). While several service discovery protocols have been developed, most of them are designed for infrastructure-based networks and thus not suitable to be used in MANET. On the other hand, service discovery protocols that have been designed for MANET suffer from problems with two critical issues. Firstly, they have limited scalability due to the extensive use of broadcast communication. Secondly, they usually lack context aware selection mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a network layer supported comprehensive service discovery solution that addresses the above issues and provides solutions in two parts. First we discuss a location aware network layer routing protocol that groups mobile nodes into clusters where a gateway at each cluster is responsible for routing. Then we propose a service discovery protocol that utilizes directories for service discovery that interact with lower network layer gateway configuration. Our service discovery solution includes an agent-based context aware service selection. |
18,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Calibration Methods for High Precision Robot Assisted Industrial Automation, and key words: Calibration, Measurement by laser beam, Robot sensing systems, Service robots, Robot kinematics. Abstract: This paper presents calibration methods for high precision robot assisted industrial automation process. The methods considers two calibration procedures namely the calibration using an object and the planar constraints. The proposed estimated procedures are based on both iterative and optimization solvers. The calibration methods are validated in a robotic simulation environment to visualize the transformations before and after calibration. The results show that the two calibration solvers are able to detect the exact poses from a simulated data set. Second, the method is applied to robot assisted drilling for nut-plate installation in aerospace manufacturing process which is composed of a laser profile from Acuity mounted on Mitsubishi RV-6SDL manipulator. The calibration procedure using a sharp tool to show that the most accurate simulation and experimental results can be achieved under the effect of noise. |
18,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of radar targets in resonance domain with a reduced number of natural poles, and key words: Resonance, Radar scattering, Electromagnetic scattering, Transfer functions, Radar detection, Backscatter, Reflection, Surface waves, Frequency domain analysis, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: In resonance domain, the radar scattering response can be modeled by natural poles of resonance, with the formalism of the singularity expansion method. The mapping of poles gives useful information for the discrimination of radar targets. In this paper, we show that a reduced number of poles is sufficient to characterize an object. Furthermore, we propose a procedure for selecting poles actually contributing to the scattering response. Results are presented for different canonical targets |
18,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MnO additives on the surface properties of alumina insulators, and key words: Chromium, Additives, Insulation, Flashover, Surface treatment, Surface resistance, Ceramics, Vacuum breakdown, Voltage, Doping. Abstract: Alumina insulators containing 95wt% Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were doped with Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MnO(MnCO/sub 3/). The properties of the doped samples were measured and compared with those of the original alumina insulators. Better surface performances of the samples doped with proper Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MnO were obtained while the bulk properties have hardly been changed. After doping the sample showed a lower SEE (secondary electron emission) coefficient, a lower surface resistivity and a higher surface flashover voltage in vacuum. Meanwhile, some points regarding the effects of manganese and chromium doping on the properties of alumina insulators were also briefly discussed. |
18,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Blockchain Technology to Manage Hajj and Umrah, and key words: Economics, Data privacy, Bitcoin, Financial management, Blockchains, Task analysis, Disruptive technologies. Abstract: Blockchain is a disruptive technology, particularly because it provided the basis for Bitcoin, followed by other cryptocurrencies. The use of a blockchain is not limited to cryptocurrencies only. The technology can be used for creating and maintaining records of all sorts of financial, business, economic, and marketing transactions. Some of the most appealing properties of blockchain are transparency, disintermediation, and security. In this paper, we have reviewed and provided different properties and applications provided by blockchain to manage some important functions and activities of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. These pilgrimages take place in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and performed by millions of pilgrims from different parts of the world. In doing so, we have also provided a brief background, properties, and applications of blockchain in different domains. The findings, after analyzing various aspects of blockchain provided in this paper, suggest that the technology is highly desirable and bernificial in improving several management tasks of Hajj and Umrah. |
18,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Flower pollination algorithm for economic dispatch problems with non-smooth cost function, and key words: Generators, Fuels, Power systems, Cost function, Valves, Mathematical model. Abstract: A nonlinear constrained optimization problem can be obtained from an ELD problem with both equality and inequality constraints. A substitution of FPA to solve ELD problem with cost function normally non smooth in power systems is discussed in this paper. Comparison of results are done in order to validated the proposed algorithm. |
18,733 | Please write an abstract with title: 5-Dimension Cross-Industry Digital Twin Applications Model and Analysis of Digital Twin Classification Terms and Models, and key words: Digital twin, Industries, Real-time systems, Manufacturing, Avatars, Analytical models, NASA. Abstract: A Digital Twin is an auspicious cross-industry concept in the era of digitalization, which promises a wide range of benefits such as efficiency improvements, predictions of future opportunities and challenges, and respective recommendations. At present, a variety of definitions and terms exist, causing increasing confusion among practitioners and users. Here we address this need for consolidation with a holistic view of the Digital Twin concept across industries. We analyze classification models and Digital Twin terms in academia and industry in order to propose a 5-dimension cross-industry Digital Twin applications model. This model, based on the core three-part Digital Twin concept introduced by Grieves in 2002, enables ease of understanding and cross-industry classification and development of applications within the concept of the Digital Twin. The proposed model consists of the dimensions scope of the physical entity, feature(s) of the physical entity, form of communication, scope of the virtual entity, and user-specific outcome/value created. |
18,734 | Please write an abstract with title: PLS-SEM technique and phases of analysis – implications for information systems’ exploratory design researchers, and key words: Analytical models, Technology acceptance model, Tools, Rats, Predictive models, Mathematical model, Information systems. Abstract: Increasingly, information systems (IS) practitioners and theorists, knowingly or unaware, inappropriately use, and incorrectly apply the partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach in analysis. Associated with the ease of access to statistical packages (RATS and SmartPLS), IS analysts tend to abuse PLS-SEM reporting and interpretations. As a consequence, often insincere, and even meaningless and misleading conclusions, as well as recommendations, are attained, leading to misleading remedial actions. Policymakers without the necessary knowledge of the integrity of PLS-SEM tools, coupled with their lack of awareness of the problems, tend to implement such misleading results in their decision-making, often resulting in disastrous consequences unbeknown to the IS community of practice, and including the general public. Thus, the achievement of valid and objective conclusions drawn from PLS-SEM relate closely with the awareness of the correct PLS-SEM techniques and their consequences. Informed by the misleads, in the present conceptual paper, attention is paid to incorrect practices related to analysis procedures of PLS-SEM as well as the analysis technique in IS related research. We link the discussion with how to predict the relevance of hypothesised models through the selected Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for illustrative purposes. We end the paper with reflective lessons as applied in IS research. |
18,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Chronic Low-Back Pain Preventive Methods for Graphic Designers, and key words: Graphics, Computers, Systematics, Pain, Medical treatment, Keyboards, Manuals. Abstract: Low-back pain is prevalent among office workers who have to use computers to perform their work. Graphic designers, in particular, are vulnerable to have the low-back pain. This is because, by the nature of their work, they have to sit in their chair working from their computer continuously for 8 hours in one working day. The objectives of this research are 1) To identify the behavior which causes chronic low-back pain of office workers 2) To propose a chronic low-back pain exercise conceptual framework at work. Graphic designers of a Japanese company in Bangkok will be the unit of study. This company employed 28 graphic designers to draft house design for customers in Japan. All these 28 graphic designers, the universe of the units of study, will be included in the study. The questionnaires concerning preliminary data of low-back pain based on Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires-CMDQ) were constructed and applied to all 28 graphic designers. From the answer it is found that 10 of 28 graphic designers (35.71%) suffered from low-back pain. All other answers will be used for later analysis. Then the following steps will be taken: 1) Systematic review to extract relevant articles for low-back pain prevention and treatment 2) Design thinking to propose the prevention and treatment method for the low-back pain 3) Community of Practice to consulting physical therapy specialists concerning the proposed preventive methods. Then a manual of low back pain prevention will be created and distribute to all 10 graphic designers. 4) After Action Review to methodically evaluate the effect of knowing the low-back pain preventive methods. In this step, one month after the manual distribution, the second set of questionnaires will be sent to all 10 units of study. There will also be online conferences of the researcher, graphic designers, and physical therapy specialists to evaluate the effect of knowing and applying the low-back pain preventive methods. Then the final manual of proposed low-back pain preventive methods will be constructed infographic. This will be the result or the output of this research. |
18,736 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of AC magnetic field on transport current loss of HTS tapes, and key words: High temperature superconductors, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic fields, Magnetization, Magnetic losses, Superconducting films, Superconductivity, Frequency, Current measurement, Electrical resistance measurement. Abstract: It is known that external magnetic field not only causes the magnetization loss in a superconducting tape, but also increases the transport current loss, by the so-called "dynamic resistance". In power applications, superconductors carrying alternating current should be in alternating magnetic field. The frequency of the field is usually the same as that of the transport current, but they have phase difference. We developed an experimental system, which can measure transport current loss in external AC magnetic fields. With this equipment, we explored the effect of external field on the transport current loss with various field strengths and phase differences. This paper describes experimental results and discussions on the effect of amplitude and phase on transport current loss of HTS (high temperature superconductor) tape. |
18,737 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Estimation for Resonant MEMS Sensors, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Frequency estimation, Interpolation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Sensors, Micromechanical devices, Resonant frequency. Abstract: Resonant MEMS sensors have potential of providing highly precise measurements. The accurate processing of the output relies on precise frequency estimation techniques especially in the context of portable sensors for particulate matter. This paper investigates five commonly used single-tone frequency estimation techniques (3-point DFT interpolation, parabolic interpolation of periodogram peak, Prony's method, modified Pisarenko and zero crossing method) with respect to the estimation accuracy, memory requirement and computational complexity. The effect of noise and harmonics on estimation accuracy of these five techniques are analyzed and validated through simulation. The experimental data is acquired from a resonant MEMS sensor with a center frequency of 3.15 MHz. The output is sampled at 100MS/s using a 12-bit ADC. These five techniques are applied to the various data sets acquired from an experimental setup. The comparison results along with the analysis are presented. |
18,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving transmission network security by independent power producers performance control, and key words: Power system security, Electricity supply industry deregulation, Electricity supply industry, Power system economics, Power generation economics, Contracts, Control systems, Performance evaluation, Surveillance, Parameter estimation. Abstract: In the nowadays deregulation context and with the opening access to the electricity market event, new independent power producers demand the connection to the transmission and distribution grid. In order to quantify each connection impact on the power network security, it is imperative that independent power producers respect the performances stipulated in the connection convention. But, due to economic and technical constraints, the power producers could cross the connection contract line and the entire power system security could be dangerously affected. Considering this scenario, the system operators have to control the producing installations performances. Presently, the performances are controlled by on-site measurements. However, system operators do not always have the possibility to make measurements on a regular basis and distance surveillance is desired. We developed a performance control application based on parameters estimation starting from network disturbances measurements. This paper proposes to present this application, the obtained results and their impact on power system stability |
18,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Bend Insensitive W-type Single Mode Fiber with 30µm Mode Field Diameter, and key words: Optical fibers, Vibrations, Manufacturing processes, Multicore processing, Photonic crystal fibers, Seals, Laser modes. Abstract: The all-fiber platform of laser system attracts increasing attention due to possibility to achieve outstanding characteristics simultaneously combined with usage convenience. However, the latter is minimized without providing flexible laser radiation delivery by using optical fibers. Passive large mode area (LMA) fibers should deliver a high-power beam without significant quality deterioration and maintain stable performance caused by environmental vibrations, which accompanies routine operations. The proposed approaches for the LMA fibers are chirally coupled core fibers, multicore fibers, low NA all-silica fibers, photonic crystal fibers and hollow core fibers. Most outstanding results shows that hollow core fiber structure allows to achieve core diameter about 60 µm with effectively single mode (ESM) operation at 1 µm, mode field diameter (MFD) about 40 µm [1] and fundamental mode attenuation about 0.017 dB/m. However, demanding manufacturing process together with necessity to seal input and output makes industrial application of hollow core fibers less attractive comparatively to the all-silica fibers. Typical core diameter for conventional all-silica low-NA LMA fibers, does not exceed 30 µm with MFD less than 20 µm. At the same time increase of the core diameter significantly increase the bending losses. |
18,740 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of particle shape and composition on microwave attenuation and scattering by precipitation, and key words: Shape, Attenuation, Particle scattering, Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Coatings, Microwave theory and techniques, Refractive index, Rain. Abstract: Shape factors for scattering and attenuation in precipitation are normally less than 2, because raindrops are not normally distorted much, and because snow or ice crystals, though distorted, have a relatively small dielectric constant. Very distorted water drops would have large shape factors because of the great dielectric constant of water. A thin water coating, however, raises the attenuation by an ice sphere up to or beyond that of a water sphere, and the scattering, nearly up to that of a water sphere. If, similarly, it raises attenuation and scattering by a non-spherioal ice particle to that of a similarly shaped water particle, then the shape factors for spheroidal water drops are good approximations to the shape factors for randomly oriented wet ice crystals. This is based on the assumption that the theory of small spheroids can still be applied when the particle is comparable with the wavelength and that the results on water coatings apply to spheroids as well as to spheres. A full theoretical investigation of these assumptions would be a heavy undertaking, and exper1mental verification appears preferable. If these assumptions are justified the scattering of melted snow would exceed that of rain of the same precipitation rate and the attenuation would rise to many times that of rain. |
18,741 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reference Architecture for Healthcare Systems with Coded Terminology Support, and key words: Human computer interaction, Terminology, Computer architecture, Medical services, Stakeholders, Information systems. Abstract: The 21st-century healthcare information systems (HCIS) acquire, integrate, analyse, and explore heterogeneous data available in several information sources to benefit multiple stakeholders. However, current research has mostly focused on technological aspects instead of being concerned with underlying concepts that could be reused to develop HCIS. Here, we sketch a reference architecture following primary requirements that future HCIS should consider. We describe and associate these requirements to each architectural element and demonstrate how the architecture can guide the development of a medical question-answering system. The main contribution is the reuse of common functionalities of the current generation of HCIS. |
18,742 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-similar random field models in discrete space, and key words: Image processing, Two dimensional displays, Fractals, Image segmentation, Space technology, Statistics, Random processes, Autocorrelation, Remote sensing, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: Self-similar random fields are of interest in various areas of image processing since they fit certain types of natural patterns and textures. Current treatments of self-similarity in continuous two-dimensional (2-D) space use a definition that is a direct extension of the one-dimensional definition, which requires invariance of the statistics of a random process to time scaling. Current discrete-space 2-D approaches do not consider scaling, but, instead, are based on ad hoc formulations, such as digitizing continuous random fields. In this paper, we show that the current statistical self-similarity definition in continuous space is restrictive and provide an alternative, more general definition. We also provide a formalism for discrete-space statistical self-similarity that relies on a new scaling operator for discrete images. Within the new framework, it is possible to synthesize a wider class of discrete-space self-similar random fields and texture images. |
18,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of powder injection molding (PIM) heat sink, and key words: Powders, Injection molding, Heat sinks, Aluminum, Scanning electron microscopy, Geometry, Microstructure, Mechanical factors, Fabrication, Thermal conductivity. Abstract: In the current development, a new processing technique, powder injection molding (PIM), was used to fabricate aluminum component (aluMIM/spl trade/) intended for heat sink application. Analysis of sintered properties shows that >93% of the theoretical density was achieved and the thermal property of the aluMIM/spl trade/ component was also found to be excellent. In addition, the new technique allows more flexibility in geometry compared to that by the conventional processes. Finally, scanning electron microscopy characterization of the sample's microstructure has also revealed a fine-grained structure, which in turn, provides superior mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and toughness. |
18,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Arabic Multi-Topic Labelling using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, and key words: Deep learning, Communication systems, Text categorization, Labeling, Task analysis, Testing. Abstract: The number of text documents on the internet is rapidly increasing. As a result, there is a growing demand for methods that can automatically organize and identify electronic documents (instances). The multi-label classification task has been used in a variety of applications and is commonly used in real-world problems. It simultaneously assigns multiple labels to each text. In the Arabic language, there have been few and inadequate research studies on the multi-label text classification issue. In this paper, I proposed a deep learning model using bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for multi-class topic classification using Mowjaz Multi-Topic Labelling Task dataset. The BiLSTM model consists of 4 layers only which can be considered as light weight model, these layers are input layer, bidirectional LSTM layer, and two dense layers. The results show that the model successfully to classify topics with F1-Socre of 0.8089 on the testing dataset. |
18,745 | Please write an abstract with title: On the dynamics of receding horizon linear quadratic finite alphabet control loops, and key words: Communication system control, Control systems, Strain control, Predictive models, Predictive control, Optimal control, Asymptotic stability, Terminology, Digital communication, Digital relays. Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of dynamics of receding horizon linear quadratic control with finite input constraint sets. Under special circumstances it is possible to exploit standard tools from model predictive control to establish asymptotic stability. However, in general, the notion of asymptotic stability is too strong when used in the context of finite alphabet control. We are thus led to weaker notions, including that of ultimate boundedness of closed loop trajectories, in which interalia is related to the existence of positively invariant sets. We utilize a recent characterization of finite alphabet receding horizon control to establish a link to parallel literature on predictive analog-to-digital converters. By borrowing ideas from this latter area, we are able to develop several methods for determining positively invariant sets, hence ensuring ultimate boundedness. The efficacy of these methods is illustrated by examples. |
18,746 | Please write an abstract with title: Driving Skill Modeling Using Neural Networks for Performance-Based Haptic Assistance, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Artificial neural networks, Wheels, Torque, Brakes, Vehicles, Performance evaluation. Abstract: This article addresses a data-driven framework, modeling expert driving skills for performance-based haptic assistance using neural networks (NNs). We have built a haptic driving training simulator to collect expert driving data and to provide proper haptic feedback. We establish an expert driving skill model by training NNs with the collected data. Then, the skill model is applied to the performance-based haptic assistance to provide optimized references of the steering/pedaling movements. We evaluate the skill model and its application to the performance-based haptic assistance in two user experiments. The results of the first experiment demonstrate that our skill model has appropriately captured experts' steering/pedaling skills. The results of the second experiment show that our performance-based haptic assistance can help novice drivers perform steering as expert drivers, but cannot assist their pedaling performance. |
18,747 | Please write an abstract with title: A Composite Voltage-Balancing Method for Four-Level NPC Inverters, and key words: Inverters, Pulse width modulation, Switches, Switching loss, Capacitors, Multilevel converters. Abstract: Four-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter suffers from the neutral-point (NP) voltage-balancing problem, which seriously hinders its application in the industry. Carrier-overlapped pulsewidth modulation (COPWM) is a newly proposed carrier-based modulation method which can solve this problem. However, the total switching transitions under this modulation method are doubled, and hence the switching losses are increased. In order to alleviate this problem, a composite modulation and voltage-balancing method is proposed in this article. For a low modulation index range under 0.5, phase-disposition pulsewidth modulation (PDPWM) is utilized and the relationship between the NP currents and the reference phase voltage is derived. A zero-sequence voltage injection-based NP voltage balancing method is proposed. For a high modulation index range more than 0.5, a decoupled voltage-balancing method based on COPWM is used. By combining the two modulations and voltage-balancing methods, the NP voltages can be balanced under the full modulation index range with reduced switching losses. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the validity of this method. |
18,748 | Please write an abstract with title: A class-S RF amplifier architecture with envelope delta-sigma modulation, and key words: Radiofrequency amplifiers, Delta-sigma modulation, Pulse amplifiers, Delta modulation, Radio frequency, Switches, Bandwidth, Digital modulation, Pulse width modulation, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: This paper proposes a new architecture to realize a class-S RF amplifier working at high carrier frequency. The existing class-S RF amplifier has the potential to achieve high efficiency while the highest RF frequency it can handle is determined by the switching speed of delta-sigma modulators. Due to the current technology limit of digital circuits, the approach is difficult to implement for amplifiers above the gigahertz frequency range. The proposed approach can overcome this difficulty by sampling the signal envelope with the delta-sigma modulator rather than the original carrier, which is more promising in practical implementation. |
18,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Malware Using Machine Learning Based on Image Processing, and key words: Support vector machines, Sensitivity, Machine learning algorithms, Operating systems, Measurement uncertainty, Machine learning, Malware. Abstract: Malware is malicious software designed to damage, steal important information or data, interfere with computer performance, and other criminal acts on computers or devices that can harm users. To prevent the spread and harm caused by malware, there are various methods such as using machine learning to detect and classify software suspected of being malware. The malware analysis method consists of a static method, where the suspected malware is not executed and a dynamic method, when the suspicious is run to see and analyze its behavior. We propose different malware analysis method, namely using program visualization and image processing. This paper aims to explain the process of classifying malware using machine learning methods based on image processing. The steps taken are to convert the software program suspected of being malware into binary bits, then convert them into strings, 8- bit vectors, and then into grayscale images. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to process malware visualization datasets so that similarities can be found. The final model is expected to identify malware into one of the categories/families of an operating system. Parameter testing carried out in the form of measurement of accuracy, error, precision, and sensitivity of the model using a confusion matrix. Accuracy of the proposed system is 94%. |
18,750 | Please write an abstract with title: The rejection of magnetic noise from the wire using independent component analysis for magnetocardiogram, and key words: Magnetic noise, Wire, Independent component analysis, Noise measurement, Sternum, Heart, Surgery, Digital signal processing, Digital filters, Magnetic separation. Abstract: In magnetocardiogram (MCG) measurements, the magnetic noise from the wire used to suture the sternum after heart surgery becomes a problem. As one method of noise rejection, independent component analysis is effective. In this study, MCG measurements were carried out under the conditions that the wire was attached to a normal subject and that the wire was not attached. Signal processing by independent component analysis, digital high-pass filter and singer value decomposition analysis were carried out in order to reduce the effect of magnetic noise from the wire. From the comparison of the waveforms after this signal processing and the waveforms where the wire was not attached, it was apparent that the magnetic noise from the wire was reduced by independent component analysis. From this result, it is clear that independent component analysis is effective for the removal of the magnetic noise from the wire. |
18,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct digital synthesis of complex broadband signals, and key words: Digital control, Frequency synthesizers, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency modulation, Phase modulation, Synthesizers, Radio transmitters. Abstract: One of the main functional blocks of modern radio systems is frequency synthesis systems. Therefore, the problem of forming high-stable frequency spectrum is urgent during the development of many radio systems. Such advantages of DDS as technological effectiveness, reliability, resistance to destabilizers, extremely small time of frequency switching during frequency tuning, phase discontinuity of formed oscillations, the capability of forming complex broadband signals, the possibility of complete microminiaturization, good repeatability of parameters during the replication allow improving the engineering-and-economical performance of many radio engineering systems considerably. The purpose of the work is to extend functional capabilities of direct digital synthesizers and digital frequency synthesizers, increase their operation speed, improve the "spectral purity" of formed signals and decrease the level of amplitude and phase noises. Research methods. While solving the set tasks, the methods of the signal theory, number theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics as well as mathematical modeling, computer simulation and experimental research were used in the work. Results. In the direct digital synthesizer of frequency-modulated signals, the signal with V-shaped frequency modulation is formed. It is used in radiolocation for the Doppler frequency measurement. The direct digital synthesizer of phase-modulated signals can be used when designing transmitter modulators with digital control of frequency and phase of synthesized oscillations. |
18,752 | Please write an abstract with title: A Power Efficient Reconfigurable Max-Log-MAP Turbo Decoder for Wireless Communication Systems, and key words: Decoding, Wireless communication, Signal processing algorithms, Equations, Application specific integrated circuits, Reconfigurable architectures, Turbo codes, Bit error rate, Convolutional codes, Concurrent computing. Abstract: The authors presented a reconfigurable soft-input soft-output (SISO) turbo decoder based on Max-Log maximum a posteriori (ML-MAP) algorithm implemented with a sliding window (SW) method. The turbo decoder is designed to support constraint lengths from 3 to 5 and synthesized to a 0.18 mum standard CMOS cell library. Power and area overheads for the reconfiguration are analyzed and compared with non-reconfigurable ASIC based turbo decoder for each constraint length. The simulation results demonstrated that the reconfigurable architecture can be applied flexibly to various wireless communication systems without large power and area overheads |
18,753 | Please write an abstract with title: Operation of a geophysical HTS SQUID system in sub-Arctic environments, and key words: High temperature superconductors, SQUIDs, Coils, Electromagnetic transients, Object detection, Delay, Sensor systems, Geophysics, Temperature sensors, Electronics packaging. Abstract: Transient ElectroMagnetic geophysical prospecting using SQUID sensors has demonstrated potential for improved target detection at late response times compared to conventional coil sensors. We have developed a three-axis, rf SQUID sensor system which has been extensively operated in sub-Arctic conditions by a geophysics contractor. Due to the harsh environmental and operating conditions, the system is designed to operate in sub-zero temperatures (as low as minus 40/spl deg/C) and is ruggedly packaged whilst still remaining quite portable. Auto-tuning of the rf electronics has been implemented by adjusting the rf SQUID control parameters via a microprocessor controller. After a small amount of training, regular field crews have operated two of these systems in the field continuously for periods of months at a time. An example, comparing SQUID B field data to coil dB/dt data, is presented in this paper. |
18,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Obfuscation for Encrypted Identity-Based Signatures in Wireless Body Area Networks, and key words: Cryptography, Sensors, Wireless communication, Body area networks, Wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things. Abstract: The rapid development of the Internet of Things has contributed to the emergence of novel applications in recent years, such as wireless body area networks (WBANs). The latter can potentially provide people with convenience and high-quality healthcare. However, how to protect the confidentiality and privacy of user data remains challenging. Although a number of schemes using cryptographic tools in WBANs have been proposed, they are not practical due to the low computing power and storage capabilities of the sensors. To remedy this shortcoming, in this article, we propose an efficient obfuscation for encrypted identity-based signatures in WBANs, which can securely and efficiently use the resources of mobile devices to sign and encrypt data collected by sensors. In particular, our proposed scheme employs the identity-based signature scheme in the IEEE P1363 standard. We prove the security of our scheme, and that it satisfies the virtual black box properties. Moreover, we implement our scheme using the Java pairing-based cryptography library on a laptop and an Android phone. The experimental results the utility of our scheme in WBANs. |
18,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the basic physical phenomena taking place during field emission from carbon nanotube films, and key words: Carbon nanotubes, Cathodes, Electrons, Geometry, Electric breakdown, Fluctuations, Carbon dioxide, Thermoelectricity. Abstract: Summary form only given. Field emission from nanotube film is accompanied by a number of phenomena occurring both inside film and at its surface. Every of them influence on field emission properties and the cathode lifetime. In the present report the peculiarities of electron transport inside nanotube films under the influence of electric and thermal fields are considered. The geometry changes of nanotubes during field emission which lead to nanotube work function variations are estimated. The threshold field value, at which nanotube breakdown has been obtained. The possibility of surface states presence at the film/vacuum interface is examined. Special attention as paid to the fluctuation spectrum analysis of emission current, which come from the relaxation oscillations of separate emission centers. This analysis allows one to study the details of electron transport inside films, and shows the ways to decrease the cathode noises. The main results of investigation of thermal processes that occur during field emission in different carbon macromolecules are also given in the report. Joule heat release from nanotubes, is studied in details, Nottingham and Peltier effects are considered, and heat conduction and radiation of nanotubes were taken in account. Carbon nanotube heat conduction coefficient vs. their diameter, chirality and number of layers is theoretically investigated. |
18,756 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Current-Driven Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter with Output-Series-Parallel Reconfiguration, and key words: Inductance, Windings, Legged locomotion, Switches, Zero voltage switching, Equivalent circuits, Power electronics. Abstract: This paper presents a novel current-driven phase-shift full-bridge converter with output-series-parallel reconfiguration. The two outputs of the proposed converter can be connected in series or parallel to share the large load current or voltage according to the load condition. Therefore, the voltage and current stresses of the secondary rectifiers can be significantly reduced and the VA rating of the main transformer can be halved compared with the conventional current-driven phase-shift full-bridge (CD-PSFB) converter. The conduction losses are also greatly reduced especially at output-parallel and large load current condition. Therefore, the proposed converter would be a good candidate for wide constant power range applications. The current and voltage sharing performances are also analyzed and finally the simulation results have validated feasibility of the proposed converter. |
18,757 | Please write an abstract with title: EXaMINE-experimentation of a monitoring and control system for managing vulnerabilities of the European infrastructure for electrical power exchange, and key words: Monitoring, Control systems, Energy management, Power system management, Power markets, Power system security, Power system reliability, System testing, Information security, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper presents the overall goals and strategies of the EXaMINE project funded by the European Union (IST 2000 26116). The general objective of the project is to design, prototype and test novel monitoring systems supporting the control centers of the European power system in order to adapt and enhance their security control functions, thus allowing them to collectively meet the challenges of operating the European grid in a safe and reliable fashion, under increased interregional power transfers. The project considers security control in terms of its two complementary modes, namely preventive control and emergency control. Both aspects are tackled by using the latest developments in information technology in order to improve the quality of the information used for security monitoring and control. Field tests will be done with the cooperation of the System Operators that support the project. The EXaMINE project started in early 2001 and is scheduled to complete in August 2003. |
18,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a components grouping technique within a domain engineering process, and key words: Computer architecture, Maintenance engineering, Application software, Systems engineering and theory, Computer science, Design engineering, Software systems, Packaging, Unified modeling language, Proposals. Abstract: Many components are usually created within a domain engineering (DE) process. These components may exchange a great number of messages among them, and many times this interaction occurs within a specific group of components. The more messages the components exchange, the more complex the domain architecture becomes, thus compromising its understandability, maintainability and ultimately its reusability. This paper presents some elements of a components grouping technique that aims to identify and propose solutions to components coupling problems. This technique is being proposed within a domain engineering process called CBD-Arch-DE focused on component-based architectural design. |
18,759 | Please write an abstract with title: The art, science and engineering of software development skills in an embedded system, and key words: Subspace constraints, Programming, Software engineering, Real time systems, Embedded software, Software design, Embedded system, Software architecture, Software systems, Art. Abstract: After many years since software design first started, it is still not matured like other disciplines such as electrical or mechanical engineering design in such a way that they are repeatable with defined methods, processes, artifacts, and so forth. For example, electronics systems are based on the fundamental of physics and chemistry. Software does not work based on these fundamentals, and many are still questioning the necessity of software engineering. We show one of the ways to do software design, particularly on telecommunication systems, that demonstrate a practical software engineering practice. We show that software development is very much like art, science and engineering. We show how do we design and specify a software feature systematically with disciplines, and further suggest the skills required for software professional. |
18,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Convergent Cross Mapping for Causal Discovery with Gaussian Processes, and key words: Manifolds, Search methods, Time series analysis, Gaussian processes, Delays, Reliability, Convergence. Abstract: Convergent cross mapping (CCM) is designed for causal discovery between coupled time series for which Granger's method for detecting causality is shown to be unreliable. The theoretical foundation of CCM is based on state space reconstruction, and therefore, for the accuracy of its results, the quality of the reconstruction is crucial. However, in the CCM framework, the reconstruction of an attractor manifold is usually implemented by direct delay embedding, where the reconstruction parameters are often selected by grid search methods. In this paper, we propose a more reliable and principled approach, which is based on Gaussian processes (GPs) that improves the attractor reconstruction. We validated the approach with the well-studied Lorenz attractor with and without observation noise. The experimental results indicate that our method is more robust to noise and that it consistently provides a reliable attractor manifold reconstruction. The proposed method was then tested on a real-world dataset, and the results suggested that the CCM equipped with an improved attractor manifold not only determined correctly the causal relationship but also improved the convergence, which is critical for causal discovery. |
18,761 | Please write an abstract with title: Achieving greater automation in fibre channel test equipment for parametric and ASM protocol analysis and testing [military avionics], and key words: Optical fiber devices, Optical fiber testing, Test equipment, Protocols, Automatic testing, Military equipment, Aerospace electronics, Manufacturing automation, Design automation, Pulp manufacturing. Abstract: Achieving true harmonization of fibre channel testing in the avionics environment has presented new challenges in developing a single automated test station to support the diversity of avionics applications. The need for a fibre channel (FC) intermediate level maintenance concept was identified and defined in the paper "intermediate level maintenance fibre channel testing" written by Charles R. Barker, Jr., Lockheed Martin, 2002. This paper is an extension of that concept identifying the requirements necessary for the next generation of automated FC test equipment to support analysis/testing during product manufacturing and development. It is imperative that a common solution be developed for protocol analysis such as asynchronous subscriber message (ASM) as well as the needs of fiber optic testing. A significant increase in the sophistication of the test equipment is driven by the need for greater automation, advanced analysis capabilities, and commonality between production test, depot test/maintenance, and design verification testing. The requirements and design concepts in this paper demonstrate how harmonization may be realized for the established FC test methodologies bringing the benefits of increased automation to all levels of test using commercial equipment and standards. |
18,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Equivalent Circuit Model for Complementary Split Ring Resonators, and key words: Geometry, Circuit topology, Solid modeling, Split ring resonators, Resonator filters, Scattering, Topology. Abstract: Complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) have been used in many applications for several years, such as sensors or structures for filter-size reduction. In the literature, different equivalent circuit models for CSRRs are found. We study those approaches and analyze which circuit topology gives the highest modeling accuracy. For this purpose, we use a least squares error metric to quantify the difference between the scattering matrices (S-matrices) of different equivalent circuits and the CSRRs simulated in a 3-D full-wave simulation (FWS). To identify the best circuit topology, we consider both a wide frequency range and variations of the CSRR’s size. Firstly, for each geometry, the “reference” S-matrix of the structure is found with the FWS Ansys HFSS. Secondly, the different equivalent circuits’ elements are derived by means of least mean square error minimization. Plotting the resulting errors of each investigated equivalent circuit topology over the CSRR’s size reveals which model performs best. As a next step, the best model is studied in detail and its circuit parameters’ dependencies on the CSRR’s geometry are discussed. |
18,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical power distribution system based on 1553B bus for advanced aircraft, and key words: Power distribution, Aircraft, Costs, Signal analysis, Centralized control, Communication system control, Control systems, Distributed control, Network topology, Power system reliability. Abstract: A novel aeronautical electrical power distribution system based on 1553B bus is proposed in this paper with the analysis of aircraft electrical power distribution system structure. First, several control schemes such as CCS (centralized control system) are researched and the benefit of DCS (distributed control system) configuration is analyzed. Then according to the control flow of aircraft electrical power distribution system, the host-hypotaxis bus topology of mcs-96 distribution system is employed comparing several network topologies on basic cost, communication cost, program cost and reliability etc. Finally the implement of 1553B bus in aircraft electrical power distribution system is presented with the key design consideration on both hardware and software presented, including the isolated 1553B bus interface circuit, address selection circuit, memory management and design of information frames. The communications results and the analysis are given to verify the analysis while the key signals on the bus analyzed in detail. |
18,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of C-Band Accelerator Structure with Smooth Shape Couplers, and key words: Shape, Couplers, Radio frequency, Iris, Linear particle accelerator, Electric breakdown, Apertures, Computer simulation, Computational modeling, Metalworking machines. Abstract: A new C-band accelerator structure for the SuperKEKB injector linac is under development. This structure corresponds to an upstream half part in a tandem connection of two structures. A measure against RF breakdown is required because the upstream structure is exposed to higher RF field than that of the downstream structure. In order to suppress a RF breakdown around a coupler iris, a fat and smooth iris is adopted for the structure. The coupler dimensions such as an aperture of the iris and a diameter of the coupler cavity is first optimized by computer simulation and then decided by cold model measurements. Electric field symmetry is retained by shifting the coupler cavity from a beam centre. An amount of offset is also decided by simulations. The coupler body is made with a milling machine. A rather rough surface of the inner coupler is finished by an electro-polishing method. This structure will be installed in the beam line of the KEKB injector linac this summer. |
18,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Text Summarization Using Text Frequency Ranking Sentence Prediction, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Data mining, Natural language processing, Data preprocessing, Clustering algorithms, Training, Signal processing. Abstract: In the era of information technology, data plays significant role. The data which prevails on the internet are unstructured and are not in a concise manner. To make the raw data into a structured, readable, coherent and concise and to extract the summary of data, the text summarization concept is introduced. The text summarization involves in providing a summary of the useful information from the raw data without dissolving the main theme of the data. Nowadays readers face the challenge of reading comments, reviews, news articles, blogs, etc., as they are too informal and noisy. Retrieving the correct gist of the text which is necessary for all the readers is a quite difficult task. In order to overcome the problems faced by the readers, TFRSP (Text Frequency Ranking Sentence Prediction) algorithm is proposed to generate a precise summary that uses supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms. The proposed approach uses the combination of TF-IDF-TR (Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency - Text Rank) as an unsupervised learning algorithm and Seq2Seq (Sequence to Sequence) model as a supervised learning algorithm to obtain the benefits of both extractive and abstractive summarization. The results of the proposed TFRSP approach is compared with the existing methods of text summarization using the Recall Oriented Understudy of Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) and attains a high ROUGE score, hence achieves high accuracy of summary. |
18,766 | Please write an abstract with title: High-performance varactor diodes integrated in a silicon-on-glass technology, and key words: Varactors, Schottky diodes, Doping profiles, Integrated circuit technology, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Silicon, Optical device fabrication, Radio frequency, Linearity, Contact resistance. Abstract: High-performance low-loss boron-passivated Schottky varactor diodes have been fabricated in a silicon-on-glass substrate transfer technology, using laser-annealed back-wafer contacts and copper-plated aluminum. The diodes have well-defined doping profiles predetermined by the circuit application and high quality factors ranging typically from 100 till 300 at 2 GHz. |
18,767 | Please write an abstract with title: A Burst-Mode TIA with Adaptive Response and Stable Operation for in-Vehicle Optical Networks, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Adaptive systems, Simulation, Conferences, Optical fiber networks, CMOS process, Optical receivers. Abstract: In-vehicle optical network systems have been studied eagerly for realizing self-driving cars. To provide a stable operation of the optical receiver in the system, we propose an appropriate-time-constant control circuit for a burst-mode transimpedance amplifier (TIA) which provides adaptive response in single-ended to differential conversion circuit in accordance with input-data patterns. We present operating principles, the design procedures, and the post-layout simulation results of the proposed circuit in 65-nm CMOS process. We verify the fast response within 4 ns and the high tolerance to consecutive identical digit length of 66 bits in the proposed circuit. |
18,768 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepDFML-NILM: A New CNN-Based Architecture for Detection, Feature Extraction and Multi-Label Classification in NILM Signals, and key words: Feature extraction, Load modeling, Deep learning, Neural networks, Convolutional neural networks, Voltage measurement, Transfer learning. Abstract: In the subsequent decades, the increasing energy will demand renewable resources and intelligent solutions for managing consumption. In this sense, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques detail consumption information for users, allowing better electric power management and avoiding energy losses. In high-frequency NILM methods, state-of-the-art approaches, mainly based on deep learning solutions, do not provide a complete NILM architecture, including all the required steps. To overcome this gap, this work presents an integrated method for detection, feature extraction, and classification of high-frequency NILM signals for the publicly available LIT-Dataset. In terms of detection, the results were above 90% for most cases, whilst the state-of-the-art methods were below 70% for eight loads. For classification, the final accuracies were comparable with other recent works (around 97%). We also include a multi-label procedure to avoid the disaggregation stage, indicating the loads connected at a given time, increasing the recognition of multiple loads. Finally, we present results in an embedded system, a subject also underexplored in the recent literature, demonstrating the proposal’s feasibility for real-time signal analysis and practical applications involving NILM. |
18,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal modeling and control limits in high performance microprocessors, and key words: Microprocessors, Transient analysis, Packaging, Geometry, Impedance measurement, Cooling, Testing, Power system harmonics, Temperature sensors, Amplifiers. Abstract: This work investigates, both analytically and experimentally, transient behavior of a typical microprocessor package and associated external cooling components. Thermal test package matching geometry and power densities of a real functional device used as convenient experimental means of device thermal characterization. Harmonic power sourcing and temperature sensing with lock-in amplifiers is used to obtain steady-periodic response at a spectrum of excitation frequencies. This direct thermal impedance measurement technique supplements more conventional time-domain measurements. Analytic modeling involves solutions to thermal conduction equation in a multilayer, applied in simplified geometries. |
18,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Railway Passenger Volume including Waiting Passengers without Tickets, and key words: Economics, Transportation, Prediction algorithms, Rail transportation, Decision trees, Information technology, Meteorology. Abstract: The prediction of railway passenger volume has always been an important topic in the field of railway operation. Predicting railway passenger volume accuratly is the basis for railway transportation enterprises to improve transportation efficiency and increse income. In this paper, the GBDT(Gradient Boost Decision Tree) Ensemble Learning Algorithm is used to predict the passenger volume from Beijing to Shanghai, and those waiting passengers without tickets is introduced into the algorithm as a feature variable. The results show that the prediction accuracy is improved by introducing the waiting passengers without tickets into the algorithm. It also shows that the introduction of function that allow passengers to wait to buy tickets who has no tickets temporary can better help railway transport enterprises to identify and collect the real needs of passengers, which can apply to decide whether to start a new train and how to allocate tickets. It also provides a new idea for prediction of passenger volume. |
18,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible and Wearable EMG and PSD Sensors Enabled Locomotion Mode Recognition for IoHT-Based In-Home Rehabilitation, and key words: Electromyography, Sensors, Muscles, Biomedical monitoring, Stress, Sensor systems, Electrodes. Abstract: Benefiting from the development of the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) in recent years, locomotion mode recognition using wearable sensors plays a more and more important role in the field of in-home rehabilitation. In this paper, a smart sensing system utilizing flexible electromyography (EMG) sensors and a forty-eight-channel plantar stress distribution sensor for locomotion mode recognition is presented, together with its use under the IoHT architecture. EMG and plantar stress distribution (PSD) information from ten healthy subjects in five common locomotion modes in daily life were collected, analyzed, and then transmitted to remote end terminals (e.g., personal computers). The data analysis process was implemented with machine learning techniques, through which the locomotion modes were determined with a high accuracy of 96.53%. This article demonstrates a feasible means for accurate locomotion mode recognition by combining wearable sensing techniques and the machine learning algorithm, potentially advancing the development for IoHT based in-home rehabilitation. |
18,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Continuous Wave Diffuse Optical Tomography for Imaging Defect in Agricultural, and key words: Image reconstruction, Optical imaging, Mathematical model, Optical scattering, Tomography, Biomedical optical imaging, Integrated optics. Abstract: Diffuse optical tomography is a novel non-invasive modality using near-infrared light source as a signal input for investigating optical parameters within the soft tissue. The purpose of this study is to image optical properties with continuous wave approach. Tikhonov regularization is proposed to reconstruct the distribution of absorption and reduced scattering coefficient stably inside the model. The work within this study applies diffuse optical image reconstruction algorithm based on the diffusion equation, and involve the forward problem and inverse solution. Numerical simulations are conducted for modeling the circular array by giving radii variations of defect and ten measurement nodes to be tested. Moreover, the model is simulated with different optical properties between background and defect. In addition, the simulation is computed with three different defect positions and sizes. The results indicate that continuous wave-diffuse optical tomography is effectively to monitor defect and can be applied for agricultural and plantation especially for vegetable and fruit. |
18,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Combined CDMA and matrix pencil direction of arrival estimation, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Direction of arrival estimation, Signal processing algorithms, Covariance matrix, Signal processing, Array signal processing, Multiple signal classification, Polynomials, Radar signal processing, Receiving antennas. Abstract: This paper extends the low complexity, matrix pencil direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm to the CDMA case. The CDMA processing gain is used to suppress interfering signals, allowing the matrix pencil to accurately estimate the DOA of the signal of interest. It is shown here that this CDMA/MP algorithm is able to estimate an angle of arrival (AOA) with a low mean square error using only a single snapshot. The popular Root-MUSIC algorithm which takes twice the execution time has a significantly higher MSE. |
18,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Failure and Microstructure Characteristics of Lithium Batteries under Different Overcharging Voltage Conditions, and key words: lithium battery, fire, overcharge, metallographic analysis. Abstract: As lithium batteries become more and more widely used, the fire of lithium batteries is becoming more frequent. According to the investigation, most lithium battery fires are caused by overcharge. In order to research the failure and metallographic characteristics of lithium battery under different overcharge voltage. This paper simulates the process of overcharge battery fires by setting different charging voltages and using muffle furnace heating. The temperature changes and experimental phenomena of the battery during the experiment is recorded, and the positive electrode cap of the battery was subjected to metallographic analysis to compare the failure and metallographic characteristics of the lithium battery under different charging voltages. The results show that the explosion of lithium batteries is uncertain under overcharge. The higher the charging voltage, the higher the heating rate of the batteries, the larger the grain size of the positive electrode cap and the clearer the grain boundary. This study provides a way of thinking for the investigation of fire accidents of lithium battery, and lays a foundation for further research on the identification of fire traces of lithium battery. |
18,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep etching of silicon with XeF/sub 2/ gas, and key words: Etching, Silicon, Plasma measurements, Micromachining, Plasma applications, Plasma devices, Plasma materials processing, Plasma simulation, Gases, Resists. Abstract: This paper presents results of [100] silicon etching using XeF/sub 2/ gas. Two phenomena, trenching and loading, were observed in the shape of etch profiles. Trenching refers to deeper etching at the side of an etch feature with respect to the middle of the feature. Loading is the reduction in etch depth that adjacent etched regions have on their respective etch profiles. These two phenomena could especially be recognized at locations where the substrate was etched through large mask openings (>200 /spl mu/m). A theory explaining these phenomena is developed, and the etching process is simulated in software. The results are compared to several etched samples with varying mask aperture size and etch depth. Good agreement was found between the simulated profiles and the actual measured etch profiles at the mean free path of XeF/sub 2/ etching pressures. |
18,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of Classification for Wall Climbing Robots for Industrial Inspection Applications, and key words: Legged locomotion, Service robots, Adhesives, Payloads, Force, Inspection. Abstract: A new methodology that mixes the already well-established classifications of Wall Climbing Robots (WCR) based on locomotion and attachment is proposed. The need for industrial inspections of processing assets, with vertical flat surfaces, like tanks and pressure vessels that are continuously exposed to fatigue, corrosion and erosion are identified. The types of industrial inspections tasks vary in a wide range from, Visual Inspections (VI) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to cleaning and repair. Mobile robots are used to perform inspection tasks. There are few commercial WCR that are available for industrial applications. The classification method is based on locomotion mechanisms, and attachment techniques rather than classical classification assumed in all previous reviews of WCR. A general design framework is suggested to derive the custom-building design of the inspection WCR. The performance of the WCR is compared against the main features of maximum speed and payload capacity. The main locomotion types are wheeled (W), tracked (T), walking (L) and hybrid (H). The primary attachment methods are magnetic (G), pneumatic (P), mechanical (M), electrostatic (E), chemical (C) and hybrid (H). As another application, the classification is used to identify and differentiate WCR from other types of Climbing Robots (CR) to cover almost all kinds of WCR. In addition, the classification can be employed in the customisation of WCR that are built to perform specialised inspection tasks. The customisation of WCR results from the need for simplicity in their structure, adapting testing equipment and improving operations. |
18,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing printed circuit board assembly lines using a PCB assembly template, and key words: Assembly, Circuit analysis, Printed circuits, Analytical models, Throughput, Manufacturing systems, Availability, Electric breakdown, Interference, Pulp manufacturing. Abstract: PCB assembly lines are characterized by asynchronous transfer of parts resulting from variability in terms of random processing, failure, repair, exhaust, and replenishment times. The throughput for such manufacturing systems depends upon simultaneous availability of resources; namely, machines, material, and operators. Further, random breakdowns along with the capacitated buffers cause blocking and starving which affects the throughput. Analytical models for such system require simplifying assumptions, hence simulation modeling is the popular choice. For simulation models to be successful, capturing the impact of operator interference is important. This paper describes a methodology developed for simulation modeling and analysis of PCB manufacturing lines, capturing the complex interactions between its components. A custom-developed PCB assembly template is used for modeling purposes. Though the analysis described in this paper pertains to PCB assembly lines, it is equally applicable to general class of serial production lines with capacitated buffers. |
18,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Beamforming Design for RIS-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems, and key words: Sensors, Array signal processing, Radar, Quality of service, Linear programming, Upper bound, Transforms. Abstract: Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been envisioned as a promising technology to tackle the spectrum congestion problem for future networks. In this correspondence, we investigate to deploy a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in an ISAC system for achieving better performance. In particular, a multi-antenna base station (BS) simultaneously serves multiple single-antenna users with the assistance of a RIS and detects potential targets. The active beamforming of the BS and the passive beamforming of the RIS are jointly optimized to maximize the achievable sum-rate of the communication users while satisfying the constraint of beampattern similarity for radar sensing, the restriction of the RIS, and the transmit power budget. An efficient alternating algorithm based on the fractional programming (FP), majorization-minimization (MM), and manifold optimization methods is developed to convert the resulting non-convex optimization problem into two solvable sub-problems and iteratively solve them. Simulation studies illustrate the advancement of deploying RIS in ISAC systems and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
18,779 | Please write an abstract with title: SRACARE: Secure Remote Attestation with Code Authentication and Resilience Engine, and key words: Software, Protocols, Performance evaluation, Resilience, Computer architecture, Prototypes, Malware. Abstract: Recent technological advancements have enabled proliferated use of small embedded and IoT devices for collecting, processing, and transferring the security-critical information and user data. This exponential use has acted as a catalyst in the recent growth of sophisticated attacks such as the replay, man-in-the-middle, and malicious code modification to slink, leak, tweak or exploit the security-critical information in malevolent activities. Therefore, secure communication and software state assurance (at run-time and boot-time) of the device has emerged as open security problems. Furthermore, these devices need to have an appropriate recovery mechanism to bring them back to the known-good operational state. Previous researchers have demonstrated independent methods for attack detection and safeguard. However, the majority of them lack in providing onboard system recovery and secure communication techniques. To bridge this gap, this manuscript proposes SRACARE - a framework that utilizes the custom lightweight, secure communication protocol that performs remote/local attestation, and secure boot with an onboard resilience recovery mechanism to protect the devices from the above-mentioned attacks. The prototype employs an efficient lightweight, low-power 32-bit RISC-V processor, secure communication protocol, code authentication, and resilience engine running on the Artix 7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board. This work presents the performance evaluation and state-of-the-art comparison results, which shows promising resilience to attacks and demonstrate the novel protection mechanism with onboard recovery. The framework achieves these with only 8% performance overhead and a very small increase in hardware-software footprint. |
18,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Near Field Dipole-Dipole Coupling Near Conductive Plate In The Microwave Range: An RF Analogue To Förster Resonance Energy Transfer In Optics, and key words: Microwave measurement, Integrated optics, Microwave antennas, Antenna measurements, Stimulated emission, Energy exchange, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a near-field interaction between pairs of quantum emitters. FRET plays a key role in many applications, from the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and bacteria [1] to manipulating, storing, and transferring quantum information [2] . Although FRET depends on the donor and emitter itself, it is also modified by the electromagnetic environment [3] , [4] and studied with the Green function. This dependence led to a potentially efficient near-field control method, through engineering the environment of a given simple source. In photonics, FRET can be controlled by structuring the materials surrounding the emitter on scales much smaller than the operating wavelengths [5] . The control of the FRET by engineering the environment and its relationship with local density of states (LDOS) has been studied before analytically and experimentally [6] , [7] in the optic range. But experiments in optics are challenging due to the weak signals involved and the low spatial resolution, also highly specialized equipment is required. The resonance energy transfer effect is an analog of the effect on the power transferred between two classical dipoles [3] . One of the most effective ways to investigate this effect is to analyze the antenna impedance in the microwave, this is a direct measurement of the energy transfer unlike optics where measurements are indirect. |
18,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Object Detection Using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks Embedded Single Shot Detector with Hyper-parameter Optimization, and key words: Computational modeling, Search methods, Object detection, Detectors, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: Itis a challenging task to identify optimal network configurations for large-scale deep neural networks with cascaded structures. In this research, we propose a hybrid end-to-end model by integrating Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) with Single Shot Detector (SSD), for undertaking object detection. We subsequently employ the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to conduct hyperparameter identification for the DCGAN-SSD model. The detected class labels as well as salient regional features are then used as inputs for a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for image description generation. Evaluated with a video data set in the wild, the empirical results indicate the efficiency of the proposed PSO-enhanced DCGAN-SSD object detector with respect to object detection and image description generation. |
18,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Value Creation Analysis: Semiconductor Intellectual Property Business Models and Dynamic Capabilities, and key words: Business, Biological system modeling, Analytical models, Industries, Intellectual property, Dynamic scheduling, Companies. Abstract: Semiconductor intellectual property (SIP) represents a crucial component of integrated circuit design activities. However, many small SIP firms fail to create value and adopt a viable business model. This article aims to investigate the value creation mechanism within the SIP business by drawing on the business model and dynamic capabilities views of the firm. First, the authors classify the forms and types of SIP from a technology and market perspective. Analyzing ten leading SIP firms, three SIP business models based on resources, competencies, and strategies are then identified. Dynamic capabilities are then linked to the selection and implementation of classified business models. Findings of the study suggest that existing SIP business models primarily favor large vendors. Keystone business model is proposed as a possible successful business model for small vendors. Consequently, this article provides insights and opportunities for leveraging the SIP ecosystem and business model innovation for small firms in the industry. |
18,783 | Please write an abstract with title: A Schematic of Track-wisely Calibrating CyGNSS Data, and key words: Reflectivity, Global navigation satellite system, Visualization, Oceans, Sea measurements, Scattering, Reliability. Abstract: Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) can provide intermediate geophysical data, e.g., surface reflectivity $(\Gamma)$, to facilitate various land remote sensing applications. The reliability of $\Gamma$ depends on the precision of the effective instantaneous radiative power (EIRP) of the transmitted GNSS signals in the forward scattering direction. However, it is challenging to completely obtain accurate EIRP estimates. In order to mitigate such impact, this paper develops an effective scheme for calibrating the CyGNSS $\Gamma$ data in a track-wise fashion over land. Here, ten or more consecutive CyGNSS measurements outside the scope of annual max/min are to be calibrated, and the corresponding monthly medians are selected as references. The resulting $\Gamma$ products are assessed by direct visual inspection which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed schemes with immediate removal/fix of track-wisely noisy data. This work provides an effective and robust way to calibrate the CyGNSS $\Gamma$ result, which will further improve relevant remote sensing applications in the future. |
18,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Observation of correlated-photon statistics using a single detector, and key words: Statistics, Detectors, Optical interferometry, Photonics Society, Nonlinear optics, Optical pumping, Interference, Photonic crystals, Physics, Computer science. Abstract: We report an experimental observation of correlated-photon statistics using a single detector. The usual coincidence dip in a two-photon polarization interferometer is accompanied by a dip in single-photon detection rates. Surprisingly, a dip in the singles rate is also observed when the interferometer is aligned for a coincidence peak, or anti-dip. This effect is explained by taking into account all possible photon number states that reach the detector, rather than considering just the state post-selected by the coincidence measurement. |
18,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Event-Driven ECG Classification Using an Open-Source, LC-ADC Based Non-Uniformly Sampled Dataset, and key words: Quantization (signal), Databases, Artificial neural networks, Electrocardiography, Complexity theory, Open source software, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this article, non-uniformly sampled electrocardiogram (ECG) signals obtained from level-crossing analog-to-digital converters (LC-ADCs) are analyzed for event-driven classification and compression performance. The signal compression results show that it is important to assess the distortion in eventdriven signals when simulating LC-ADC models, especially at lower resolutions and larger quantization steps. The effects of varying the LC-ADC parameters for the application of cardiac arrhythmia classifiers are also assessed using an artificial neural network (ANN) and the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. In comparison with uniformly-sampled data, it is possible to achieve comparable classification accuracy at a much lower complexity with event-driven ECG signals. The results show the best eventdriven model achieves over 97% accuracy with 79% reduction in ANN complexity with signal-to-distortion ratio (S/D)>21dB. For S/D<21dB, the best event-driven model achieves 93% accuracy with a 96% reduction in ANN complexity. An open-source event-driven arrhythmia database is also presented. |
18,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Claw Deflections and Radial Magnetic Forces in Low-Cost Sub-Fractional Horsepower BLDC Claw-Pole Motors, and key words: Vibrations, Analytical models, Solid modeling, Brushless motors, Three-dimensional displays, Magnetic forces, Stators. Abstract: The stator structure facing the air-gap in an electric machine is generally subject to pulsating and rotating magnetic forces. Other than with stators consisting of a rigid lamination stack, the stator poles of low-cost sub-fractional horsepower BLDC claw-pole motors can be deflected by magnetic forces. This deformation can result in undesirable vibrations and hence noise during operation, even for deflections in the micro-meter range. This paper studies these claw deflections, focusing on the particularities of sub-fractional horsepower motors. It derives an analytic model for estimation of the deflection to be expected. The analytic model is then verified by 3D structural finite-element simulations with inputs from electromagnetic ones. The analysis of the time and space harmonics of the magnetic forces acting on the claws during operation are based on 3D electromagnetic finite-element simuations. The presented models allow identification of the design space of such a claw-pole motor which may lead to increased vibration and noise generation. |
18,787 | Please write an abstract with title: "Super Catalytic Antibodies" Cleaving Targeted Molecules of Viruses and Bacterium, and key words: Viruses (medical), Proteins, Sequences, Peptides, Influenza, Degradation, Immune system, Target recognition, Neoplasms, Capacitive sensors. Abstract: It has been a long time-dream for many scientists to obtain a functional protein which can specifically recognize and futhermore enzymatically decompose the targeted antigens such as viral coat proteins or tumor assosiated proteins. At last, we have succeeded to produce such a novel functional protein refered as "Super catalytic antibody". 1. "Super catalytic antibody" destroying envelope gp41 molecule of HIV-1 The monoclonal antibody (41S-2 mAb) was raised against the sequence, which is highly conserved in env protein of many HIV-1 strains. The light chain (41S-2-L) degraded the gp41 derived-peptide (TPRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRD) into amino acids with high catalytic activity (kcat/Km=2.8 x 105M-1min-1). |
18,788 | Please write an abstract with title: Unfolding the contribution of environmental and anthropogenic variables in forest fire over western Himalayan fire regime, and key words: Radio frequency, Training, Temperature, Wind speed, Sociology, Forestry, Statistics. Abstract: In last few decades, a surge of uncontrolled wild and forest fire has been observed over biomes, mostly from tropical and subtropical regions. The present study has disentangled the contribution of different environmental and anthropogenic factors in forest fire over the western Himalayan (Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh) fire regime, which is an active fire hotspot in India. Fire-CCI v5.1 data was used to labelled fire and non-fire pixel. The climatic (e.g. maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapour pressure, wind speed, water vapour deficit, soil moisture and palmer drought index), physiographic (elevation, slope, aspect and roughness), anthropogenic (population density and human modification) and locational (latitude and longitude) variables were utilized to unfold their contribution in forest fire by the aid of Random Forest (RF) a machine learning technique. After parameterization, a 10-fold cross-validation RF model was built over the whole dataset and the average overall accuracy, precision, recall, F-1 score and overall accuracy were estimated as 0.94 (±0.002), 0.86 (±0.003), 0.91 (±0.002) and 0.91 (±0.002), respectively. Furthermore, the whole dataset (2005-2018) was divided into two parts, training set (2005-2017) and testing (2018), to get a robust model. The testing accuracy (overall accuracy = 0.82, precision =0.79, recall = 0.95, F1 score = 0.86 and area under curve (AUC) = 0.95) suggested a reliable performance of RF model in forest fire classification (fire and non-fire). The contributions of the selected variables were retrieved from the feature importance of the RF model. The maximum temperature exhibited the highest importance, followed by elevation, minimum temperature and location variable (latitude and longitude). The population density and human modification (gHM) are moderately contributing to western Himalayan forest fire. Keywords: Forest fire; Western Himalaya; Random Forest |
18,789 | Please write an abstract with title: VLSI module placement based on probability search space smoothing, and key words: Very large scale integration, Smoothing methods, Space technology, Computer science, Space exploration, State-space methods, Traveling salesman problems, Benchmark testing, Energy barrier, Simulated annealing. Abstract: Search space smoothing (SSS) was originally proposed to deal only with traveling salesman problem (TSP). In this paper, two smoothing effects, local smoothing effect and global smoothing effect are distinguished firstly by analysis and experiments. By making use of local smoothing effect in search process, a local search that can make use of local smoothing effect is designed for search space smoothing method. A search space smoothing method that can take advantage of local smoothing effect is named as probability search space smoothing. A VLSI module placement algorithm based on probability search space smoothing is proposed and is test by using MCNC benchmarks ami33 and ami49, experimental results are better than the published results so far. |
18,790 | Please write an abstract with title: A Rotary-Linear SPM Voice Coil Motor With PM Flux Bridges for Output Performance Improvement, and key words: Bridge circuits, Permanent magnet motors, Torque, Iron, Stators, Rotors, Atmospheric modeling. Abstract: This paper proposes a rotary-linear surface-mounted permanent magnet (PM) voice coil motor (RL-SVCM) with PM flux bridges in place of the iron flux bridges in a traditional RL-SVCM for enhancing average torque and force ripple but slight damage of torque ripple and average linear force. The iron flux bridges in a basic RL-SVCM cannot participate in the generation of rotary torque. In contrast, the PM flux bridges in the proposed RL-SVCM can participate in the generation of rotary torque. The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is used to analyze the magnetic circuits of the basic and proposed models. The results explain the reasons for the performance improvements achieved by the proposed motor. The finite element method (FEM) is used to derive the precise output performance of the basic and proposed motors. Additionally, a prototype of the proposed RL-SVCM with PM flux bridges was manufactured for experimental verification. Close agreement between the experimental results and FEM results validates the feasibility of the proposed RL-SVCM. |
18,791 | Please write an abstract with title: A revision of the theory of THz detection by MOSFET in the light of the self-mixing model, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Electrodes, Solid modeling, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Logic gates, Numerical models. Abstract: CMOS technology has been extensively used for the realization of image sensors at Terahertz frequencies. The explanation of its strong efficiency was usually given invoking a mechanism described by the plasma wave detection theory. This model predicts that, when a high frequency potential is applied between gate and source electrodes of a MOSFET, oscillations of the 2D electron gas, located in the inversion layer, converts THz radiation into a DC voltage. Recently, we developed a new model of the self-mixing rectification process occurring in the depleted portion of a semiconductors crossed by a radiofrequency electric field. We studied both the new double barrier structure and the extensively used depleted region in MOS. In this paper, on the light of these new results, we review the theory of the THz detection in a MOS-FET structure. For a comparison with the former approach, we notice that the volume of interaction between free carriers and the RF electric field considered in this model is much higher that the volume considered in the plasma wave model. Technology Computer-Aided Design software simulations, using the Harmonic Balance analysis, will be adopted as evaluation tool. This consideration suggests that self-mixing effect may be more relevant in determining the rectification process. In the authors opinion, this approach substantially improves understanding of the THz rectification in semiconductors and in particular in MOS-FET structures. |
18,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Correction to "The output control of linear time-invariant multivariable systems with unmeasurable arbitrary disturbances", and key words: Control systems, MIMO, Convergence, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Covariance matrix, Artificial intelligence, Equations, Genetic expression. Abstract: The controller characterization result obtained in the above-named article [ibid., VOI. AC-17. pp. 621-630, Oct. 1972] via equations (64) and (66) is not complete; on applying the same argument as used there, a more general expression is obtained for (66) and presented here. |
18,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Current Trends in Road Traffic Network Division for Distributed or Parallel Road Traffic Simulation, and key words: Systematics, Roads, Computational modeling, Traffic control, Parallel processing, Market research, Real-time systems. Abstract: Road traffic simulation is one of the useful tools, which can help to cope with steadily increasing intensity of road traffic. A distributed or parallel computing environment can significantly speedup the simulation execution, but the road traffic network division is usually required. There are many existing methods for road traffic network division based on various approaches. However, there is a lack of surveys mapping these methods. For this reason, this paper is a survey of existing methods for road traffic network division published in last two decades. It is not a systematic review, as it does not try to answer specific scientific questions. Its purpose is to map and categorize the existing methods for road traffic network division and to summarize their common features. Such a survey can be useful as a good starting point for the related work exploration for any teams or individuals dealing with road traffic network division and distributed or parallel road traffic simulation. |
18,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Modern Performance Analysis of Optical Systems in Communication and Data Processing Systems, and key words: Performance analysis, Data processing, Optical films, Optical scattering, Optical variables control, Transfer functions, Optical modulation, Optical devices, Amplitude modulation, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: Advances in technology are causing many technical disciplines to merge. This is also true of optics and electronics which today often meet in the same system. The present paper is meant to serve as an introduction to analyzing classical optical components in communications and data processing systems and also as a practical aid in applying these techniques by collecting the most important data required and filling some of the gaps. |
18,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical method for the analysis of electromagnetic field in microwave waveguides, and key words: Electromagnetic waveguides, Electromagnetic analysis, Electromagnetic fields, Microwave theory and techniques, Filling, Partial differential equations, Rectangular waveguides, Mathematical model, Finite difference methods, Nonlinear equations. Abstract: New mathematical models for the electric field in a rectangular waveguide, with air filling, are obtained taking account of the nonlinearity of the medium. The models are described by elliptic type partial differential equations. On the basis of a finite difference method, the effective values are determined for the intensity of the electric field in a rectangular waveguide, with air filling, for E-type and H-type waves. The calculation and experimental results are compared, and the error does not exceed 5%. |
18,796 | Please write an abstract with title: The ipc/HYDRA tool chain for the analysis of PEPA models, and key words: Delay, Power system modeling, Performance analysis, Steady-state, Stochastic processes, Algebra, Transient analysis, Measurement, Stochastic systems, Petri nets. Abstract: PEPA is a popular stochastic process algebra and a powerful formalism for describing performance models of communication and computer systems. We augment the current state-of-the-art in the analysis of PEPA models by presenting a tool set that cannot only perform steady-state and transient analysis, but also response time analysis. Response time densities and quantiles are important performance metrics which are used to specify service level agreements (SLAs) and benchmarks. HYDRA is a tool specialising in response time analysis of large Markov systems based on stochastic Petri nets. By using the imperial PEPA compiler (ipc), we can generate a HYDRA model from a PEPA model and obtain steady-state, transient and response time measures based on the original PEPA description. |
18,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-isotropic source for anechoic chamber qualification, and key words: Anechoic chambers, Qualifications, Horn antennas, Antenna measurements, Apertures, Reflection, Reverberation chamber, Antenna radiation patterns, Attenuation measurement, Receiving antennas. Abstract: A pseudo-isotropic source is presented The source consists of an electrically large cavity with internal excitation (horn antenna), a variable internal boundary condition (a rotating paddle as in a reverberation chamber), and randomly placed apertures for external radiation. On average, the radiation pattern approaches that of an isotropic source. Data are presented for a nonoptimized box realization showing +/- 3 dB isotropy over typical planar cuts. Simulations suggest that better than +/- 2 dB should be possible. |
18,798 | Please write an abstract with title: Generating Diverse Extended Summaries of Scientific Articles, and key words: Measurement, Deep learning, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Explosions, Task analysis. Abstract: In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of research publications from various conferences and journals. This large volume of scholarly articles is an invaluable source of information and knowledge which need to be effectively summarized to be useful. In contrast to the base summary, an extended summary gives low-level and structured information about the scholarly articles. In this paper, we propose to develop an attention-based BiLSTM-CNN framework for the purpose of generating extended summaries of scientific articles. To validate our approach, we conduct experiments on the dataset published by LongSumm shared task 2020. The performances of all our systems were evaluated in terms of a well-known metric ROUGE. We also benchmark our model against baseline techniques and our results reveal that the proposed attention-based deep neural network outperforms other models with a significant margin. |
18,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of brain activity during total sleep deprivation, and key words: Location awareness, Industrial electronics, Frontal lobe, Sleep, Conferences, Lead, Electroencephalography. Abstract: To study the effect of total sleep deprivation on brain activity using EEG. Methodology: In this paper, the EEG of sixteen subjects (Mean = 21.5; SD = ±2.5) is recorded just after they woke up from sleep. Then, they are sleep deprived for the next twenty-four hours, and the EEG is recorded after sleep deprivation. The raw EEG data is pre-processed. The source localization is performed by a recently developed method- CARSS and sLORETA.Results: (1) The prominence of the right lobe increased from pre to post. (2) The increase in frontal source activation powers and a decrease in parietal is observed from the pre to the post (3) The δ, θ, and α powers increased from pre to post in pre-frontal leads. The left frontal lead showed an increase in α, but a decrease in the right frontal lead is observed. Conclusions: The changes in the source activations and the powers show that there is a change in the way in resting-state neural networks post sleep deprivation. |
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