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18,900 | Please write an abstract with title: Luminance-Aware Pyramid Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement, and key words: Feature extraction, Image enhancement, Lighting, Task analysis, Computer architecture, Image color analysis, Computational modeling. Abstract: Low-light image enhancement based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has revealed prominent performance in recent years. However, it is still a challenging task since the underexposed regions and details are always imperceptible. Moreover, deep learning models are always accompanied by complex structures and enormous computational burden, which hinders their deployment on mobile devices. To remedy these issues, in this paper, we present a lightweight and efficient Luminance-aware Pyramid Network (LPNet) to reconstruct normal-light images in a coarse-to-fine strategy. The architecture is comprised of two coarse feature extraction branches and a luminance-aware refinement branch with an auxiliary subnet learning the luminance map of the input and target images. Besides, we propose a multi-scale contrast feature block (MSCFB) that involves channel split, channel shuffle strategies, and contrast attention mechanism. MSCFB is the essential component of our network, which achieves an excellent balance between image quality and model size. In this way, our method can not only brighten up low-light images with rich details and high contrast but also significantly ameliorate the execution speed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our LPNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. |
18,901 | Please write an abstract with title: Parametric analysis of the pyramidal horn partially filled, and key words: Frequency, Dielectrics, Rectangular waveguides, Waveguide components, Electrooptical waveguides, Fourier transforms, Geometry, Feeds, Electromagnetic waveguides, Permittivity. Abstract: A hybrid-mode pyramidal horn is analyzed theoretically. The pyramidal horns is partially filled with a dielectric slab of electric permittivity /spl epsiv//sub r/. The parametric study was developed in order to verify the influence of the electric permittivity of the slab on the maximum cross-polar level of the radiation pattern. The results obtained shows an improvement of approximately 30 dB in the maximum cross-polar level in comparison with the empty case and a good performance for these levels on a wide frequency band considering the hybrid mode LSE10, dominant in the structure. |
18,902 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated Inductive Power Transfer System Design With a Variable Inductor for Misalignment Tolerance and Battery Charging Applications, and key words: Batteries, Inductance, Inductors, Coils, Impedance, Couplings, Switches. Abstract: Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is useful for electric vehicle (EV) charging because of safe, flexible, and convenient features. In this paper, an integrated IPT system design employing variable inductor control is proposed to achieve a target constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) battery charging profile with misalignment tolerance. The system is implemented under a fixed switching frequency in both CC and CV modes. Soft switching of the primary inverter can be achieved over the entire charging process and allowed misalignment range without additional switches or dc-dc converters. Theoretical circuit analysis and the system design process are presented. A 3.3-kW prototype is implemented with a 210-mm air gap to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the target CC and CV charging profile can be achieved by adjusting the variable inductor with up to 120 mm of lateral and 300 mm of vertical misalignment. The maximum efficiency of the proposed system is 96.1% at full output power and stays above 95% throughout CC operation. |
18,903 | Please write an abstract with title: Discovering Maximal Periodic-Frequent Patterns in Very Large Temporal Databases, and key words: Databases, Roads, Data mining, Data models, Explosions, Analytical models, Sensors. Abstract: Periodic-frequent pattern mining (PFPM) is an important data mining model having many real-world applications. However, the successful industrial application of this model has been hindered by the problem of combinatorial explosion of patterns, that is the generation of too many redundant patterns, most of which may be useless to the user. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel model of maximal periodic- frequent pattern that may exist in a temporal database. A new pattern-growth algorithm, called Maximum Periodic-Frequent Pattern-growth (maxPFP-growth), has also been introduced to efficiently find all desired patterns in the data. Experimental results demonstrate that maxPFP-growth is not only memory and runtime efficient, but also highly scalable as well. The usefulness of our model has also been demonstrated with a case study on traffic congestion analytics. |
18,904 | Please write an abstract with title: External reviewers, and key words: IEEE. Abstract: The conference offers a note of thanks and lists its reviewers. |
18,905 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Measurement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Values of the CNC Cutting Machine at PT. XYZ, and key words: Root cause analysis, On the job training, Conferences, Companies, Production, Loss measurement, Reliability. Abstract: The CNC cutting machine installed at PT. XYZ's workshop, was reported with higher downtime, and caused production time losses. The methods used to identify the problems are the measurement of the machine's MTBF, MTTR, downtime and OEE values, while Six Big Losses, Pareto and Cause-and-Effect diagrams methods were used to identify the root causes. The results of the study show that the machine's MTBF value is 8,33 days, MTTR value is 8 hours, downtime value is 7 days and OEE value is 69.55%. This OEE value is still below the World Class Standard of 85%. The Six Big Losses method and Pareto diagram reveal that the machine's idle and minor stoppage, setup and adjustment time and reduced speed losses are the root causes of the problems. While the Cause-and-Effect diagram indicates that the operator indiscipline's, machine slow operation, long idle time, and incorrect working method are the factors contributing to the root causes. The conclusion is that company to perform improvement of machine capability, train the operator, and develop preventive maintenance program to ensure the machine's best performance. |
18,906 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel And Optimized Successive Breast Lesion Detection with Ultrasound Imagery, and key words: Power engineering, Ultrasonic imaging, Imaging, Medical services, Breast, Tools, Surfaces. Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the world's most diagnosed cancers in women. To analyze breast cancer, mammography is crucial in breast cancer showing, while ultra-sound plays a significant role in imaging modalities of screening & diagnosis of cancer. It is proposed in the paper about the novel method to perceive the breast cancer lesions with ultrasound and images using texton filters groups, the local conformation of design structures, and cataloging lacking using the dissection method. The proposed successive breast lesion detection algorithm is optimized for exact accurate output for breast cancer images. The developing process can detect accurately & configure breast lesions & was achieved with perfect detection for the proposed methodology. This method will be an efficient tool for detecting breast nodules at the time of screening & breast imaging, making it easy for physicians to concentrate on images in the presence of a lesion. This advanced technique will play a critical component for detecting automatic breast nodules at the classification of lesion in-kind versus malevolent. |
18,907 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Frequency Concurrency Modeling of Regional Environmental Economic Efficiency Based on Big Data and Improved Neural Network, and key words: Concurrent computing, Cloud computing, Economic indicators, Neural networks, Government, Big Data, Data models. Abstract: The existence and development of human society are affected by environmental issues. With the continuous in-depth understanding of concepts such as sustainable development, simple economic indicators such as GDP can no longer accurately measure the quality of economic development based on resource and environmental consumption. With the development of Internet technology, the government proposes new infrastructure construction plans and system theories. Under this background, this article studies the high-frequency concurrency modeling of regional environmental economic efficiency based on big data technology and improved neural networks, in order to solve the regional environment economic ills |
18,908 | Please write an abstract with title: A scientific approach to the music and musical education, and key words: Computer science education, Physics education, Music, Microcomputers, Internet, Acoustic devices, Computer simulation, Psychology, Aging, Educational institutions. Abstract: Summary form only given. A modern approach to music and musical education devoted to children and boys (and also adults) should be, first based on real experimentations and/or computer simulations concerning the physics of sound, both acoustic and psychoacoustic. Due to the wide availability of personal computers and Internet technological advances, it is possible to draw children's attention to fundamental steps of the scientific method to approach the phenomenological world. A possible didactic itinerary is proposed in order to allow young middle-school students (aged 11-12) to analyse main features of the fundamental laws of the physics of sound. The paper considers the scheme of a didactic unit within a general project, carried out by RISMA. This project, based on the methodology of "learn and enjoy yourself", is directed at children and boys of elementary and middle school levels and devoted to deepening the acoustic peculiarities of sounds in order to build a scientific basis for more careful and conscious listening to music. The itinerary is essentially constituted by six steps. The first step consists of perception of an acoustic phenomenon in the classroom, generated by means of laboratory physical devices or musical instruments. In the second, pupils are invited to describe the phenomenon using spontaneous adjectives and their own language (brainstorming). Then, in the third step the teacher, by using suitable musical software and a personal computer, proposes experiments reproducing the phenomenon. The students are also invited, in the fourth step, to exploit Internet resources, in order to find new Web sites containing relevant information on the assigned topic. In the fifth step, reproduction of the phenomenon using their own creativity and computers is proposed to the pupils. Finally, in the last step, the teacher invites students to illustrate the overall experience by elaborating a short written presentation. |
18,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Visual-IoT-Enabled Real-Time 3D Visualization for Autonomous Crowd Management, and key words: Cloud computing, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, TV, Urban planning, Data visualization, Cameras, Internet of Things, Crowdsourcing. Abstract: Real-time crowd management systems play an important role in urban planning, disaster warning, and emergency evacuation. For example, through closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, crowd counting and abnormal event recognition can be realized. However, most of these applications are limited within the 2D coordinate system of each single camera, lacking a unified understanding of the 3D world as a whole. In addition, overly simple functionalities, such as framing certain areas or displaying text, limit the system intelligence and user experience. This article proposes a solution of realtime 3D visualization of outdoor scenes enabled by AI and the Visual Internet of Things (V-IoT). First, fixed and airborne cameras, infrared cameras, LiDAR, gas sensors, and so on are deployed to collect multi-modal data and send them to the clouds. Then AI algorithms are executed in the clouds to calculate the location of people, vehicles, and other moving objects, and to detect fights, stampedes, fire, or other abnormal events. Finally, the clouds send the AI algorithm results to the visualization system in terminal devices. The system displays the scene in real time through 3D animation and charts, and provides user interaction interfaces and simulation functionalities in a gamification environment. Experiments show that the proposed solution realistically visualizes the real world to sup-nort the user's decision. |
18,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysing Listener Behaviour Through Gaze Data and User Performance during a Sound Localisation Task in a VR Environment, and key words: Histograms, Decision making, Multimedia computing, Medical services, Visual systems, Extraterrestrial measurements, Digital twins. Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) is used today in a variety of applications. Some examples include virtual meetings, simulators (driving, flight, medical interventions), digital twins and healthcare systems. In this context, audio plays a significant role in adding emotion and connecting users to what they see on the screen. For this reason, it is critical to evaluate how users perceive these stimuli in order to improve their quality of experience (QoE). The main objective of this work is to evaluate how listeners perceive spatialised audio in a VR environment. To accomplish this goal, users are required to localise multiple sound sources, while also listening to distractors, in the acoustic scene. In addition, this work investigates user interaction with the environment, by comparing two interaction methods used to localise the sound source. Findings from this experiment show that eye gaze can be associated with levels of effort and cognitive load in a sound localisation task. Furthermore, other metrics related to eye gaze such as the number of fixations and number of revisits to virtual objects were also used as descriptors of user attention in this task. The results obtained improve the understanding of a listener's behaviour in VR. |
18,911 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Duplicate Bug Reports in Jira and Bugzilla Tools, and key words: Computer bugs, Tools, Software engineering. Abstract: Re-reporting a bug by the same or another person is defined as duplicate bug report. Bugzilla and Jira are two of most widely used bug tracking tools in the world. When both tools are evaluated in terms of having automatic detection of duplicate bug report, it is shown that Jira with Find Duplicates plugin is better compared with Bugzilla. |
18,912 | Please write an abstract with title: A Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity Approach for Inter-Organizational Business Processes, and key words: Computer science, Privacy, Smart contracts, Supply chains, Collaboration, Organizations, Blockchains. Abstract: Blockchain presents a promising and revolutionary technology for organizations’ collaboration, particularly for Inter-Organizational Business Processes (IOBP). It addresses the lack-of-trust problem thanks to its transparency and decentralized features. However, while the adoption of Blockchain technology can alleviate some of IOBP’s challenges, it does so at the expense of significant privacy issues. In fact, some process execution data, such as customers’ data or business secrets, cannot be shared across the collaborating organizations owing to regulatory restrictions such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). To address trust and privacy issues in IOBP, this paper presents a Blockchain-based Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) approach. The SSI concept is combined with a registry proof smart contract to provide an efficient privacy-preserving solution. The proposed approach is applied to the pharmaceutical supply chain case study and implemented on the Ethereum Blockchain. |
18,913 | Please write an abstract with title: Miniaturized Dual-Band TM-Mode Dielectric Filter and Its Reconfiguration Capabilities, and key words: Band-pass filters, Resonator filters, Dual band, Filtering theory, Dielectrics, Topology, Passband. Abstract: A new miniaturized C-band dual-band dual-mode filter is reported in this paper using TM mode dielectric resonators. The filter is realized in planar topology to offer easy tuning and assembly for the applications of reconfigurable filters. High isolation between the two channels is obtained through the introduction of an inter-band transmission zero. Also, two asymmetrical transmission zeros are generated to enhance the out-of-band rejections. Both passbands can be tuned either simultaneously at the same time, or independently. A two-pole dual-band dual-mode TM dielectric filter is designed, implemented, and measured with the investigation of its tuning capabilities. |
18,914 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualization and analysis of software engineering data using self-organizing maps, and key words: Data visualization, Software engineering, Self organizing feature maps, Project management, Predictive models, Engineering management, Software development management, Software measurement, Accuracy, Software tools. Abstract: There is no question that accuracy is an important requirement of classification and prediction models used in software engineering management. It is, however, just one of a number of attributes that contribute to a model being 'useful'. Understandably much research has been undertaken with the objective of maximizing model accuracy, but this has often occurred with little regard for these other model attributes, which might include cost-effectiveness, credibility and, for want of a better term, meaningfulness. The research described in this paper addresses both model accuracy and meaningfulness as conveyed by self-organizing maps (SOMs). SOMs are neural-network based representations of data distributions that provide two-dimensional depictions of multi-dimensional relationships. As such they can enable developers and project managers (and researchers) to visualize often complex interactions among and between software measurement data. We illustrate the effectiveness of SOMs by building on two previous empirical studies. Not only are the maps able to portray graphically the distributions of variables and their interrelationships, they also prove to be effective in terms of classification and prediction accuracy. As a result we believe that they could be a useful supplementary tool for researchers and managers concerned with understanding, modeling and controlling complex software projects. |
18,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Speech Dereverberation Using Mixture of Multichannel Linear Prediction Models, and key words: Switches, Time-frequency analysis, Reverberation, Signal processing algorithms, Optimization, Additive noise, Predictive models. Abstract: We extend the state-of-the-art online dereverberation method, online weighted prediction error (WPE), which predicts late reverberation components using a multichannel linear prediction (MCLP) filter. The multi-input/output inverse theorem states that in general such an MCLP filter for WPE exists only if the number of sources is less than that of microphones M and there is no additive noise; otherwise, the WPE model has error, degrading its performance especially when M is small. To mitigate this WPE drawback, we recently developed an offline dereverberation method called switching WPE (SwWPE), which has multiple MCLP filters and switches them for each time-frequency bin. We here propose a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm for the online optimization of SwWPE. Our proposed RLS has forgetting weights for each MCLP filter, and their decay rates are controlled based on a switching mechanism of SwWPE to stably improve the dereverberation performance of the online WPE. Experimental results show that our online SwWPE clearly outperforms online WPE in speech dereverberation tasks. |
18,916 | Please write an abstract with title: "Comparative Analysis of the Total Scour in the Pillars and Abutments of a Bridge, between a 1D and 2D Model", and key words: Bridges, Analytical models, Two dimensional displays, Poles and towers, Data models, Software, Numerical models. Abstract: In this article, a comparative analysis is performed between one-dimensional (HEC-RAS) and two-dimensional (IBER) models, in the evaluation of total scour in the pillars and abutments of a bridge. The case study is the Huallaga bridge, located in the San Martín region, Peru.Based on the geomorphological, hydrological and hydraulic data of the study area and after carrying out an analysis of the different equations for local, general scour; Numerical modeling was performed on the HEC-RAS and IBER software in order to calculate the depths of the scour.The following results were obtained: That in the local scour calculations, the scour depths were less with the 2D software, compared to the values obtained in the 1D software; while in general scour calculations, we obtain greater depths when modeling with 2D software, compared to the values obtained in 1D software. |
18,917 | Please write an abstract with title: A GDPR-Compliant Framework for IoT-Based Personal Health Records Using Blockchain, and key words: Data privacy, Systems architecture, Data integration, Blockchain, Big Data, Security, Reliability. Abstract: An up-to-date personal health record (PHR) system is crucial for people's health. Achieving a reliable PHR system in the e-Health and m-Health era is still a challenge concerning data integration from different EHRs, data interoperability, and enforcing that access to data is fully under the patient's control. We address these challenges by proposing an electronic health wallet (EHW) system that uses emergent decentralized technologies like blockchain and IPFS and adopts health data interoperability standards and technologies like FHIR's APIs. The EHW stands on a GDPR-compliant framework for IoT-based PHR systems that ensures both data privacy and interoperability. The proposed conceptual framework and system architecture provide a comprehensive solution for a patient-centered IoT-based PHR system that preserves data privacy and satisfies the data interoperability needs. By encouraging patients to share their data in a controlled way, also enables health big data analytics by utilizing the IoT data in a privacy-preserving fashion. |
18,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Control Models of Non-Stationary Systems in Limited Conditions, and key words: Training, Economic indicators, Biological system modeling, Neural networks, Predictive models, Mathematical model, Task analysis. Abstract: This study examines the issue of optimization of management models, which mainly focuses on the prediction of economic indicators and management based on neural models. Non-stationary processes, reflecting technological, economic, social, biological, physical phenomena, are characterized by quantitative and qualitative characteristics, which are characterized by abrupt, evolving development and regulation of parameters over time. Modeling of non-stationary processes in the general case can be carried out using traditional mathematical methods, but today a promising area of research is the use of modern methods of intelligent data processing, one of the brightest representatives of which are neural network technologies. Therefore, it is important to improve management models to implement the above tasks. |
18,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved <tex>$SoC$</tex> Balancing and Active Power Sharing Control Method in Highly Resistive Line Microgrid, and key words: Microgrids, Europe, Power electronics, Simulation, Reliability, Steady-state, Decentralized control. Abstract: This paper proposes a distributed control method for AC microgrid with high resistance lines, where P-V droop control modified by average SoC obtained through the SoC average estimator to guarantee the SoC balancing and active power sharing. The results of simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
18,920 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of a Wind Farm Controller Using Aerodynamics Estimated From LIDAR Scans of Wind Turbine Blades, and key words: Wind turbines, Picture archiving and communication systems, Blades, Aerodynamics, Wind farms, Torque, Generators. Abstract: A hierarchical Wind Farm Control (WFC) approach was previously developed that uses Power Adjusting Controllers (PACs) on each wind turbine in a wind farm. The PACs can be retrofitted to existing assets with no knowledge of, or change to, the wind turbine full envelope controller (FEC). However, knowledge of the wind turbine aerodynamics is required and is not usually directly available from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), necessitating estimation. In this letter, estimated aerodynamic properties are obtained via a scanning LIDAR that directly measures the shape of a 2.5MW commercial wind turbine's blades. The impact of the resulting aerodynamic uncertainty on the PAC tuning and the accuracy of the change in power output from the PAC at a turbine level and at a wind farm level is assessed. It is shown that it is possible to tune a stable PAC using aerodynamic information estimated via blade scanning. Although the requested turbine change in power suffers from some inaccuracy, the slow integral action at a WFC level causes the impact on the accuracy of the change in wind farm power output to be negligible. As such, the application of a WFC methodology utilising PACs without prior knowledge of the turbine aerodynamics is shown to be possible by using blade scanning to estimate the aerodynamic coefficients. Hence it is practical to retrofit the methodology to wind farms when aerodynamic information from the OEM is not available. |
18,921 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Outlier Detection Using Unsupervised Learning for Screening Potential Customer Returns, and key words: Anomaly detection, Unsupervised learning, Training, Support vector machines, Testing, Forestry, Machine learning. Abstract: Due to the extreme scarcity of customer failure data, it is challenging to reliably screen out those rare defects within a high-dimensional input feature space formed by the relevant parametric test measurements. In this paper, we study several unsupervised learning techniques based on six industrial test datasets, and propose to train a more robust unsupervised learning model by self-labeling the training data via a set of transformations. Using the labeled data we train a multi-class classifier through supervised training. The goodness of the multiclass classification decisions with respect to an unseen input data is used as a normality score to defect anomalies. Furthermore, we propose to use reversible information lossless transformations to retain the data information and boost the performance and robustness of the proposed self-labeling approach. |
18,922 | Please write an abstract with title: High-speed distribution protection made easy: communications-assisted protection schemes for distribution applications, and key words: Microwave communication, Power transmission lines, Power system protection, Optical fiber cables, Optical fibers, Reliability, Fault currents, Spread spectrum communication, Optical fiber communication, Power cables. Abstract: Communications-assisted protective schemes in transmission applications have been in service for decades. Recommendations for scheme application are well established, depending on the type of channel. Communications typically used for transmission line applications include power-line carrier, microwave, and optical fiber. With more emphasis being placed on distribution system reliability, there is a need to establish protection methods for the varying communications being used on these systems. By their nature, distribution lines are different from transmission lines. They are generally shorter, they have more tapped loads, and load currents are frequently on the same order of magnitude as fault currents. Communications systems are also different from those used on transmission lines, with associated differences in errors, outages, and signal-transmission reliability. This paper examines different communication paths for protection signals, such as spread-spectrum radio, fiber-optic cable, phone lines, and copper pilot wire. Data transmission statistics with performance measures are given for each type of communication. Based on the communication characteristics and its performance during faults, different protection schemes are studied, with total clearing times given for each scheme. The consequences of communications failure on each type of scheme are examined, including the possibility of misoperation, as well as backup clearing times. |
18,923 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a silicon based track microcavity resonator using finite-difference time-domain method, and key words: Silicon, Microcavities, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Optical resonators, Algorithm design and analysis, Coupling circuits, Maxwell equations, Optical fiber communication, Bandwidth. Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for use in designing a racetrack microresonator on silicon substrate, whose structure is illustrated. The accurate numerical FDTD has been used to calculate the characteristics of the device in the range of optical communication wavelengths. The optimum size of the guide, as well as the curvature of the curved guide, is considered from the results. From the optimum size of the device, the spectral response is consequently calculated, which leads to two important relationships between half-power bandwidth, HPBW, against the coupling efficiency, K, and free spatial range, FSR, against the racetrack round trip, X/sub rt/. Having used these parameters of L and R, in conjunction with the optimum size of the guide, in FDTD simulation, the transfer characteristics can be obtained as following: X/sub rt/ = 17.94 /spl mu/m, K = 0.223, FSR = 29.45 nm, HPBW= 4.45 nm, Q = 346.07 and finesse of 6.62, which are close to the design values. Therefore, our design procedure could be used in design of the dimensions of racetrack microresonators on silicon substrates in the communication wavelengths. |
18,924 | Please write an abstract with title: TRAN: Task Replication with Guarantee via Multi-armed Bandit, and key words: Conferences, Computational modeling, Prediction algorithms, Delays, Random variables, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: With the rapid development of edge computing, edge clusters need to deal with a tremendous amount of tasks, making some edge clusters overloaded, which further translates into task completion lag. Previous works usually copy the tasks from overloaded edges to idle edges so as to reduce the task queuing and computing delay. However, the completion delay of tasks copied to different edges cannot be predicted before the replication decision is made, which affects the overall task replication performance. In this paper, we propose an online task replication algorithm based on the predictions derived from multi-armed bandit. Via rigorous proof, the regret is ensured to be sub-linear upon the bandit, measuring the gap between the online decisions and the offline optimum. Extensive simulations are conducted to confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art replication strategies. |
18,925 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Parkinson’s Disease Prediction Technique using PCA and Artificial Neural Network, and key words: Diseases, Feature extraction, Data models, Predictive models, Medical diagnostic imaging, Principal component analysis. Abstract: Disease Diagnosis in early stages is crucial in today's world. Big data has been a boon in the medical and health care industry. There have been various advancements in machine learning algorithms that have led to the efficient prediction of diseases. However, the high dimensionality of the data makes it more challenging and complex data. The number of features can be reduced by applying a feature selection method. But achieving the same or better accuracy on data with reduced features is a more challenging task. Therefore, the feature should be selected carefully to achieve better detection. In this paper, we propose a disease prediction approach that implements principal component analysis(PCA) to select the best suitable features from the data. The data with selected features are applied to a neural network prediction model based on back propagation. We observed a relative improvement in the detection accuracy up to 97% after selecting the most meaningful features from 754 features. We also studied the effect of model parameters on detection accuracy. |
18,926 | Please write an abstract with title: Watermark embedding in DC components of DCT for binary images, and key words: Watermarking, Discrete cosine transforms, Robustness, Paper technology, Data encapsulation, Frequency domain analysis, Interference, Image processing, Law, Legal factors. Abstract: This paper investigates the feasibility of watermark embedding in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain for binary images. Watermark embedding is known to be difficult for binary images due to their binary nature. For frequency domain approach to binary image watermarking, a post-embedding binarization is a necessary step to ensure that the watermarked image is still a binary image. This step disturbs the watermark embedded and is likely to remove the watermark. We have succeeded in combating this interference by embedding watermarks in the DC components of DCT and employing a biased binarization threshold. This algorithm can be applied to binary images in general and experiments show that the embedding algorithm proposed can not only survive binarization, but also provide some degree of robustness against common image processing. |
18,927 | Please write an abstract with title: A discrete LQR applied to a self-balancing reaction wheel unicycle: Modeling, construction and control, and key words: Robust control, Actuators, Torque, Regulators, Wheels, Low-pass filters, Control systems. Abstract: This work presents the modeling, construction and control of a self-balancing unicycle assisted by reaction wheel. It is a nonlinear, unstable and multivariable system. A useful model is presented, based on the Lagrangian mechanics. Construction steps are explicitly described and some implementation aspects, regarding the reaction wheel actuator limitation, are highlighted. A discrete-time LQR controller is validated in simulation and in practical tests with the real system. |
18,928 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-Volatile Memory Destructive Failure in Standby Mode, and key words: Sensitivity, Nonvolatile memory, Europe. Abstract: This paper presents the results of a 256Mb SPI/QSPI non-volatile memory (NVM) SEE characterization. Destructive failures were observed during SEE tests, and the DUT shows sensitivity especially in standby mode instead of Erase/Write/Read modes. |
18,929 | Please write an abstract with title: Multinode Component Carrier Management: Multiconnectivity in 5G, and key words: 5G mobile communication, Throughput, Quality of service, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Multiplexing. Abstract: From its conception, 5G has been designed to support a wide variety of service types, ranging from enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) to ultrareliable low-latency communications (URLLC). To overcome the disparity of their requirements, a number of radio resource management (RRM) solutions have been proposed, among which multiconnectivity (MC) may be highlighted: that is, the aggregation of radio resources in the shape of component carriers (CCs) from several base stations (BSs). MC allows a number of benefits to be achieved, from increased reliability, due to multilink diversity, to throughput enhancements, due to the usage of additional radio resources and load balance among the involved BSs. This article proposes a novel RRM mechanism to jointly manage user equipment (UE)-BS association rules and CC selection, according to network operators' policies, defined over a variety of performance indicators. Simulations show that, in a scenario of load imbalance, the proposed mechanism allows the UE throughput to be increased while improving the network efficiency by means of a proper inter-CC and inter-BS load balance when compared to traditional received power-based schemes for CC management applied in an MC environment. |
18,930 | Please write an abstract with title: Leader-Based Community Detection Algorithm in Attributed Networks, and key words: Correlation, Leadership, Complex networks, Clustering algorithms, Force, Topology. Abstract: The community structure plays an indispensable role in developing the deep structure of complex networks. In recent years, some researchers have realized the importance of leader nodes in the community detection process. However, most of the existing leader-based algorithms only use the topological information of networks or attribute information to supplement the topological information, resulting in a significant loss of information integrity. In this paper, we propose a leader-based method that combines topological and attribute information (TALB), uses attribute information among nodes in the network to construct an attribute similarity matrix, and then combines it with network topological information to establish dependency relationships among nodes. As a result, a dependency tree is formed, and the final result of the community division is obtained. Experiments on synthetic networks and real networks show that our proposed method is more effective and practical than the existing leader-based algorithms. |
18,931 | Please write an abstract with title: English-Chinese Corpus Collection and Artificial Intelligence Translation Algorithm based on Dynamic Clustering and Sparse Representation of Signals, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Linear algebra, Feature extraction, Market research, Matrix decomposition, Sparse matrices. Abstract: English-Chinese corpus collection and artificial intelligence translation algorithm based on dynamic clustering and sparse representation of signals is designed in the paper. In linear algebra, the purpose of matrix decomposition is to extract the important features of the matrix, so many sparse linear array design algorithms can reduce the number of array elements through matrix decomposition, hence, for the complex applications, this research study will consider the sparse representation of signals. Semi supervised clustering method considers that the coefficient matrix of data is composed of an auxiliary matrix and the inner product of the constraint matrix with label information, and the constraint matrix with label information should ensure that the data with the same label still have the same coordinates after projection, so as to aggregate the same subspace. The designed algorithm is applied to the scenario of the English-Chinese corpus collection and artificial intelligence translation. Through verification on different database, the performance is validated. |
18,932 | Please write an abstract with title: Identifying Quality Attributes of FODA and DSSA Methods in Domain Analysis using a Case Study, and key words: Analytical models, Online banking, Software architecture, Organizations, Software systems, Market research, Software reliability. Abstract: The concept of reuse is addressed in software product line engineering (SPLE) by distinguishing between two types of processes for development: application and domain engineering. In domain engineering (DE), the focus is to define and manage all the valid combinations of reusable artefacts participating in the product line (PL) and the relationships between them. Domain analysis (DA) is the activity in DE, which describes the variability and commonalities in a domain. Instead of being applicable to a single software system, DA is applicable to multiple related software systems. Each DA method supports different quality attributes which are preserved while reuse. In this paper, two DA methods namely domain specific software architecture (DSSA) ad feature oriented domain analysis (FODA) are explained to model common and variable requirements of PL(s). A case study on Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is discussed using these two methods to identify quality attributes supported by these methods. This paper also discuss two different DA methods, which allows reusability for the identification, organization and knowledge modelling regarding the domain solution, so as to provide reuse among each element of domain. |
18,933 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Central Fatigue in Post-stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study, and key words: Training, Electrodes, Neurons, Modulation, Rats, Fatigue, Electromyography. Abstract: Central fatigue induced by excessive rehabilitation training would limit motor activity or even damage the post-stroke motor function recovery. However, the central fatigue progress during training is unclear and ignored in post-stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we tried to investigate the changes in central fatigue with fractal dimension (FD) of electromyography (EMG) at different peripheral fatigue levels based on the intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) model. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats with ICH and EMG electrodes implantation were randomly distributed into two groups: the forced training (FOR) group with exhausted peripheral fatigue level (n=5) and fatigue-controlled (FAT) group (n=5) with peripheral fatigue constrained in moderate level. A higher central fatigue level was found in the FOR group (P<0.0001), and the central fatigue could be alleviated by peripheral fatigue-based modulation in the FAT group. The FAT group with less central fatigue achieved significantly better motor function recovery (P<0.0001), and it might be related to the recovery in the ability of motor unit recruitments. |
18,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Mismatched Complementary-on-Receive Filtering of Diverse FM Waveform Subsets, and key words: Frequency modulation, Radar, Matched filters, Manganese, Doppler effect, Conferences. Abstract: The notion of complementary coding is generally thought to be a waveform design problem. In contrast, here we show that, for arbitrary diverse FM waveforms over the coherent processing interval (CPI), least-squares mismatched filters can be jointly computed to provide complementary sidelobe cancellation on receive when pre-summing of unique waveform subsets is performed after pulse compression (before Doppler processing). The efficacy of this scheme is demonstrated in simulation and with experimental free-space measurements. |
18,935 | Please write an abstract with title: 2D Grating Coupler Induced Polarization Crosstalk in Coherent Transceivers for Next Generation Data Center Interconnects, and key words: Crosstalk, Couplers, Transceivers, Silicon, Optical fiber communication, Gratings, Optical noise. Abstract: We investigate fundamental properties of polarization-splitting/combining 2D grating couplers for silicon photonic coherent transceivers. Linear cross-polarization related polarization crosstalk causes signal non-orthogonality. The relevance of these effects is illustrated in a 16-QAM experiment. |
18,936 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards optimal sensor placement with hypercube cutting planes, and key words: Hypercubes, Computer science, Lighting, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Sensor systems, Radiation detectors, Computational geometry, Art, Neural networks, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: We study the problem of locating sensors to detect the state of any set of radiation sources in a system. To compute illumination data, we propose the use of radiosity methods. Considering the problem of optimizing sensor placement to identify any inactive sources unambiguously, we show that the problem can be transformed from a numerical to a geometrical domain, relate it to set covering, and then attempt to transform it into the domain of graphs. We present some results on hypercube cutting planes that help us progress towards the latter transformation by characterizing its combinatorial structure. We also outline how to estimate the size of the input space. |
18,937 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on the Population Distribution Prediction in Large City using Agent-Based Simulation, and key words: Analytical models, Digital twin, Roads, Urban areas, Sociology, Buildings, Predictive models. Abstract: In the smart city, digital twins replicate buildings, urban infrastructure, and utilities into a virtual space. In this paper, we create a virtual city simulation platform that can simulate the movement of people and present infrastructure such as urban buildings, roads, and public transport to predict urban change and population movement. In particular, we analyze mobile phone statistics data and exploit it as a movement distribution model to replicate the movement of population within a city and between neighboring cities. The urban simulation platform can estimate population movement and various urban problems and infrastructure changes. |
18,938 | Please write an abstract with title: Diffuse scattering from rough surfaces, and key words: Scattering, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Equations, Decorrelation, Tellurium, Laboratories, Numerical analysis, Stochastic processes. Abstract: The problem of diffuse scattering from ocean surfaces defined by a normal stochastic process is under taken. It is assumed that the surface height profile is the sample mean of the number of profiles obtained for the random rough surface. Theoretical expressions for the returned power are developed by using the Helmholtz integral approach with Kirchhoff's approximations for the plane wave case. The plots of scattered power verus surface height roughness parameter are presented. |
18,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Safely Flying BVLOS in the EU With an Unreliable UAS, and key words: Visualization, Systematics, Legislation, Europe, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Safety, Risk management. Abstract: Safe autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) flight is critical for the widespread exploitation of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs). Satisfying safety legislation requires documenting compliance with a raft of substantial requirements, a step which very few commercially available UASs have yet taken. Assessments under BVLOS conditions are required - but illegal for unassessed UASs. We propose to enable safe BVLOS flight tests using an Independent Failsafe System (IFS), which can be added to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and enable a pilot to remotely monitor flights and terminate them safely via parachute if necessary. Our IFS has been designed for use under the European Union (EU) UAS legislation. In this paper, we describe this IFS and define a systematic approach for integrating its use into the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) process necessary for BVLOS certification. The use of this IFS to safely fly an (otherwise) unsafe UAV has been approved by the Danish Civilian Aviation Authority (CAA) for BVLOS flights with a range of small multirotor UAVs. The results of experimental evaluations in closed airspace are presented. |
18,940 | Please write an abstract with title: A Strategy for Self-Organizing Localization of Minimalist Robots, and key words: Location awareness, Robot kinematics, Buildings, Swarm robotics, Transforms, Big Data, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Because of small size and low cost, the minimalist robot has a high limitation in function, however, it is very suitable for the research of swarm robotics. In the process of using minimalist robots, due to the limited communication and lack of sense of direction, it is challenging for these minimalist robots to transform from global auxiliary positioning to distributed autonomous positioning. In this paper, we propose a new autonomous localization strategy for minimalist robots. This strategy includes determining the center of swarm robotics and building the relative coordinate system. Especially, without external information, the robots establish the system through the exchange of the local information, which enhance the recognition of direction for every minimalist robot. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified on the simulation platform. |
18,941 | Please write an abstract with title: HEAR: Fog-Enabled Energy-Aware Online Human Eating Activity Recognition, and key words: Training, Ear, Artificial neural networks, Internet of Things, Activity recognition. Abstract: Eating activity recognition (EAR) plays an important role in ensuring healthy eating habits. Recent advancements of the Internet of Things (IoT) have bolstered automated EAR through various wearable edge devices. State-of-the-art work uses some offline trained classifiers at the fog device to recognize eating activities. However, the eating habits of a person change quite frequently and vary from person to person. Therefore, the classifiers should be updated continuously with new data to adapt to these changes and be personalized over time through online learning. To the best of our knowledge, no state-of-the-art work has addressed this issue so far. In this article, we propose an online learning methodology called human eating activity recognition (HEAR) by introducing an online update phase. We also design an algorithm to be used in the online update phase that provides approximate true labels for the new data. Moreover, we also design a wearable neckband as the edge device to capture eating activity data (Chewing, Swallowing, Talking, and Idle) in a lab environment. Through a detailed experimental evaluation on 12 users, we show that an online learned neural network (OLNN) classifier using our HEAR methodology performs better than any state-of-the-art offline trained classifier. We also demonstrate that our OLNN classifier is energy efficient compared to the competitive offline trained classifiers. |
18,942 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Face Mask and Social Distancing Violation Detection System using YOLO, and key words: Social factors, Human factors, Diseases, Faces, Detectors, Cameras, Real-time systems. Abstract: With the recent outbreak and rapid transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for the public to follow social distancing norms and wear masks in public is only increasing. According to the World Health Organization, to follow proper social distancing, people in public places must maintain at least 3ft or 1m distance between each other. This paper focuses on a solution to help enforce proper social distancing and wearing masks in public using YOLO object detection on video footage and images in real time. The experimental results shown in this paper infer that the detection of masked faces and human subjects based on YOLO has stronger robustness and faster detection speed as compared to its competitors. Our proposed object detection model achieved a mean average precision score of 94.75% with an inference speed of 38 FPS on video. The network ensures inference speed capable of delivering real-time results without compromising on accuracy, even in complex setups. The social distancing method proposed also yields promising results in several variable scenarios. |
18,943 | Please write an abstract with title: Piezoelectric and Machine Learning-Based Technique for Classifying Force Levels and Locations of Multiple Force Touch Events, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Conferences, Force, Tactile sensors, Sensor systems and applications. Abstract: Current commercial force touch panels can merely detect a single force touch's location and amplitude. However, in many applications, multiple force touch events can occur at the same time among different locations of the touch panel. To satisfy this need, in this article, a piezoelectric and machine learning-based technique is proposed. Here, the piezoelectric film-based touch panel is used to detect different force levels, while the machine learning algorithm is developed to interpret the locations and strengths of user applied multiple force touch events. High detection accuracy of 92.3% for location determination and 88.2% for force level recognition is achieved. |
18,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Capture effect with diversity in IEEE 802.11b DCF, and key words: Throughput, Diversity reception, Closed-form solution, Femtocell networks, Fading, Wireless LAN, Probability, Access protocols, Wireless communication, Attenuation. Abstract: In this paper, we examined the influence of capture effect with L-fold antenna diversity at the access point over IEEE 802.11b DCF at 11 Mbit/s. We are able to obtain an exact closed-form solution for the conditional capture probability in case of L-fold ideal selection diversity, and an approximate closed-form solution for the conditional capture probability in case of L-fold maximum selection diversity in Rayleigh-faded channel. By using numerical integration, we calculated the total frame capture probability vs. the number of contending stations and capture ratio, and then we analytically evaluated the network saturation throughput of a single IEEE 802.11 BSS operating in Basic or RTS/CTS access methods. |
18,945 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Supply Chain Network Resilience Level in Pre-disruption and Post-disruption Scenario, and key words: Industries, Monte Carlo methods, Density measurement, Engineering management, Supply chains, Interconnected systems, Industrial engineering. Abstract: Disruption in the supply chain network is unavoidable. Although with a minimal probability, disruption can result in enormous losses due to disruption of flow in an interconnected system. This paper presents a simulation study to evaluate the impact of disruptions. Ten supply chain networks from six different types of industries are used as the case studies. Monte Carlo simulation is used to simulate the randomized disruption scenarios. The resilience is measured using four parameters: density, centrality, connectivity, and network size. The performance of the supply chain networks was evaluated with the mean and CVaR. The result shows that supply chain networks with high initial resilience are not necessarily the most resilient because initial resilience does not correlate with the difference in resilience when exposed to disruption. Furthermore, all networks experience the highest decrease of resilience value due to connectivity parameters. Therefore, the recommendation given is adding new nodes (DC/hubs/manufacturer) as buffer nodes or relationships between existing nodes (between supplier/DC/manufacturer/retailer). Disruption scenarios are not based on each zone and are assumed to have the same characteristics as research limitations. |
18,946 | Please write an abstract with title: Brick Yourself within 3 Minutes, and key words: Integer programming, Three-dimensional displays, Portable computers, Automation, Search methods, Supply chains, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper presents an intelligent machine which can automatically convert the captured portrait into a physical gadget made up of LEGO bricks. On the contrary to synthesising a 2D image or a virtual 3D object, generating physical 3D assembly object needs to take physical properties and assembly process into consideration, leading to more challenges. To generate brick models for arbitrary portraits, we formulate the transformation between the attribute space (extracted from 2D images) and the brick model space as a constraint integer programming problem which can be solved with a heuristic search method. Furthermore, as the bricks are physically scattered, we propose an algorithm to generate corresponding assembly instructions for customized figure-featured-bricks to facilitate users' assembly. Meanwhile, we deploy the proposed algorithms on an automatic machine which integrates a camera, a printer, a laptop, and a brick operation unit. Finally, the generated brick models and assembly instructions are evaluated by a large number of users. It is worth noting that the whole system works as an intelligent vending machine, producing a 150-brick-model within 3 minutes. |
18,947 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved pitch detection algorithm for noisy speech, and key words: Detection algorithms, Speech enhancement, Cepstrum, Acoustic noise, Working environment noise, Detectors, Cepstral analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Time measurement, Speech synthesis. Abstract: We propose a new, robust pitch detection algorithm for speech degraded by additive noise. Our algorithm exploits the high correlation between adjacent pitch periods that does not exist for the segment as a whole and performs well in the vicinity of voiced/unvoiced regions where the local SNR is low. The algorithm works as follows. We first determine an estimate of the pitch period near the short time peak energy where the local SNR is highest. We then adaptively estimate the local pitch period from the peak towards the transition region by using pitch synchronous cross-correlation with an updated waveform. The performance of this new algorithm is compared to the SIFT and CEPSTRUM algorithms. |
18,948 | Please write an abstract with title: Defeating Super-Reactive Jammers With Deception Strategy: Modeling, Signal Detection, and Performance Analysis, and key words: Jamming, Backscatter, Radio transmitters, Wireless communication, Transmitters, Detectors, Receivers. Abstract: This paper develops a novel framework to defeat a super-reactive jammer, one of the most difficult jamming attacks to deal with in practice. Specifically, the jammer has an unlimited power budget and is equipped with the self-interference suppression capability to simultaneously attack and listen to the transmitter’s activities. Consequently, dealing with super-reactive jammers is very challenging. Thus, we introduce a smart deception mechanism to attract the jammer to continuously attack the channel and then leverage jamming signals to transmit data based on the ambient backscatter communication technology. To detect the backscattered signals, the maximum likelihood detector can be adopted. However, this method is notorious for its high computational complexity and requires the model of the current propagation environment as well as channel state information. Hence, we propose a deep learning-based detector that can dynamically adapt to any channels and noise distributions. With a Long Short-Term Memory network, our detector can learn the received signals’ dependencies to achieve a performance close to that of the optimal maximum likelihood detector. Through simulation and theoretical results, we demonstrate that with our approaches, the more power the jammer uses to attack the channel, the better bit error rate performance the transmitter can achieve. |
18,949 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Topological Optimization Design Method for Solid Rocket Motor, and key words: Space vehicles, Rockets, Solid modeling, Design methodology, Solids, Trajectory, Reluctance motors. Abstract: Individual design of spacecraft and its propulsion system can hardly get an overall trajectory performance optimized result. The spacecraft often cannot get the best trajectory performance even the internal ballistics of its solid rocket motor act the best. To solve this problem, based on genetic algorithm, this paper establishes a set of integrated optimization model, involving the external trajectory of spacecraft, the internal ballistic and structure topological deformation of solid rocket motor. Select the largest final velocity and longest range of a micro rocket as the overall trajectory performance optimizing goal, the structure topological of its motor is optimized. Compared with the original design scheme, different optimal design schemes can achieve 4.38% and 10.80% trajectory performance improvement respectively. The optimization results of the study shows that the SRM optimization model built is reasonable, and the SRM design method based on the integrated simulation of internal and external trajectory is feasible. |
18,950 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of low-density parity-check codes for noncoherent MPSK communication, and key words: Parity check codes, AWGN channels, Modulation coding, Constraint optimization, Channel capacity, Random variables, Demodulation, Iterative decoding, Binary phase shift keying, Design optimization. Abstract: We present an approach for designing low-density parity-check codes for noncoherent MPSK communication. Codes designed by this approach perform very close to noncoherent AWGN MPSK modulated channel capacity. |
18,951 | Please write an abstract with title: Offices to let in kelvin house, and key words: Rivers, Africa, Vocabulary, Vegetation, Telephone sets, Strips, Streaming media. Abstract: The Associated Societies' new bulding, Kelvin House, Corner Marshall and Hollard Streets, Johannesburg, has now been completed and there are five offices to let on the seventh floor. |
18,952 | Please write an abstract with title: Steady-state response of a delay-constrained adaptive linear predictor filter to a sinusoid in white noise, and key words: Steady-state, Delay lines, Adaptive filters, Nonlinear filters, White noise, Gold, Transversal filters, Least squares approximation, Frequency conversion, Signal generators. Abstract: An analysis is presented for the steady-state response of a delay-constrained adaptive linear predictor filter to a sinusoid in white noise. Expressions are derived for the steady-state adaptive weights, frequency response, and line suppression. A useful bound is also derived for the worst-case output signal-to-noise ratio as a function of normalized frequency and the order of the filter. |
18,953 | Please write an abstract with title: SWM : a class of convex contrasts for source separation, and key words: Source separation, Independent component analysis, Blind source separation, Scattering, Machine learning, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: We derive a class of contrasts for blind source separation (BSS) to separate bounded sources (or more generally, finite sources), based on support width measures (SWM) of the marginal output distributions. These contrasts are shown to have no spurious local maxima, i.e., all the local maxima are relevant from the source separation point of view; they all correspond to non-mixing BSS solutions so that a gradient-ascent method can be used. |
18,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Iterative Down-Up CNN for Image Denoising, and key words: Convolution, Image denoising, Noise level, Image resolution, Graphics processing units, Feature extraction, Memory management. Abstract: Networks using down-scaling and up-scaling of feature maps have been studied extensively in low-level vision research owing to efficient GPU memory usage and their capacity to yield large receptive fields. In this paper, we propose a deep iterative down-up convolutional neural network (DIDN) for image denoising, which repeatedly decreases and increases the resolution of the feature maps. The basic structure of the network is inspired by U-Net which was originally developed for semantic segmentation. We modify the down-scaling and up-scaling layers for image denoising task. Conventional denoising networks are trained to work with a single-level noise, or alternatively use noise information as inputs to address multi-level noise with a single model. Conversely, because the efficient memory usage of our network enables it to handle multiple parameters, it is capable of processing a wide range of noise levels with a single model without requiring noise-information inputs as a work-around. Consequently, our DIDN exhibits state-of-the-art performance using the benchmark dataset and also demonstrates its superiority in the NTIRE 2019 real image denoising challenge. |
18,955 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Emission and Capture Processes in Semi-vertical GaN-on-Si Trench-MOSFETs, and key words: Location awareness, Micromechanical devices, Semiconductor devices, Space charge, Energy states, Deep level transient spectroscopy, Surface treatment. Abstract: We are introducing Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) results, carried out on semi-vertical GaN-on-Si trench-MOSFET structures. Parameters of ten deep energy levels were identified. Four of these are electron-like and three hole-like. Another three levels with activation energies 0.21, 0.29 and 0.66 eV were indeterminable because it was not possible to identify the layer origin of these emission processes. The presence of defect states consistent with surface localizations (0.8 eV) and dislocations (0.3 eV) was confirmed. |
18,956 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Stray Capacitance on Dynamic Test Results of Power Semiconductor devices, and key words: Capacitance, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Silicon carbide, Switches, Transient analysis, Inductance. Abstract: Stray capacitance in semiconductor device dynamic test platform affects the switching waveform, especially in the testing of SiC semiconductor devices, which has a faster switching than silicon semiconductor devices. During turn-on and turn-off process, the collector-emitter voltage changes rapidly, and stray capacitance shunts a portion of the total current, which causes the measurement of a distorted result. In order to investigate the effect of stray capacitance and voltage change on current measurement results, an equivalent circuit model considering parasitic capacitance is built. Theoretical analysis shows that stray capacitance causes undesirable current distortion during switching transient. Experimental results verified the correctness of theoretical analysis. |
18,957 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic-Aware Lossless Data Compression for Deep Learning Recommendation Model (DLRM), and key words: Deep learning, Training, Welding, High performance computing, Conferences, Neural networks, Graphics processing units. Abstract: As the architectures and capabilities of deep neural networks evolve, they become more sophisticated to train and use. Deep Learning Recommendation Model (DLRM), a new neural network for recommendation systems, introduces challenging requirements for deep neural network training and inference. The size of the DLRM model is typically large and not able to fit on a single GPU memory. Unlike other deep neural networks, DLRM requires both model-parallel and data-parallel for the bottom part and top part of the model when running on multiple GPUs. Due to the hybrid-parallel model, the all-to-all communication is used for welding the top and bottom parts together. We have observed that the all-to-all communication is costly and is a bottleneck in the DLRM training/inference. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reduce the communication volume by using DLRM’s properties to compress the transferred data without information loss. We demonstrate benefits of our method by training DLRM MLPerf on eight AMD Instinc$\mathrm{t}^{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{M}}$ MI100 accelerators. The experimental results show 59% and 38% improvement in the time-to-solution of the DLRM MLPerf training for FP32 and mixed-precision, respectively. |
18,958 | Please write an abstract with title: Behavioural Intention to Use e-Wallet: The Perspective of Security and Trust, and key words: Technology acceptance model, Online banking, Behavioral sciences, Security. Abstract: This study aims to determine the Behavioral intention (BI) to use E-wallets among the users. The model was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The study extended the model by examining the impact of Perceived security (PS) and Perceived trust (PT) beside the main TAM elements Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). The data was collected from Iraqi citizens who have no experience with e-wallets. The data was collected by an online survey. 205 valid questionnaires were analyzed by the partial least squares technique. PEOU, PU, security, and trust has statistical positive value on BI to use e-wallets. |
18,959 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage and Active Power Control in a Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Considering Maximum Power Point Tracking Using the ANFIS Controller, and key words: Voltage Control, Active Power Control, grid connected photovoltaic, ANFIS Controller. Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach for simultaneously controlling voltage and active power in a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to a standard 13-bus distribution network. The approach takes into account the system's maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The suggested controller is divided into AC and DC components. The boost converter is used in the DC part to track the PV system's maximum power. Subsequently, the maximum power is injected into the local distribution network in a manner that enables control over voltage and frequency within the distribution network's limits. To achieve this, a power balance between the DC and AC parts is maintained in a two-stage PV configuration using a fuzzy neural controller, which was previously overlooked in other studies. In this study, we investigate power-voltage (P-V) control in MPPT mode. The simulation results on the 13-bus network demonstrate the effectiveness and success of the proposed method. |
18,960 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Reconfigurable Antenna Architecture for Wireless Applications, and key words: Wireless communication, Performance evaluation, Wireless LAN, Slot antennas, Transmitting antennas, WiMAX, Reliability. Abstract: Wireless communication system developed widely in the world. For reliable transmission and reception of data in any such system requires suitable antenna. A wireless system always shows increased efficiency when an antenna designed and developed aimed at that particular system specifically. This paper emphases the multiband antenna envisioned for all existing wireless communication purposes. The current techniques are offered in the open literature comprises the modification of the main radiator via bending, twisting, etc. Each methodology offers different benefits, based on the essential application. The addition of a ground slot to a finite antenna ground plane may be expanded to incorporate programmable characteristics. As a result, small multiband antennas might be interesting choices for a wide variety of wireless applications. Now, it is suggested in this slotted multi band planar system to function on radio frequencies such as GPS, WLAN and Wi-MAX. |
18,961 | Please write an abstract with title: Inertia Analysis and Control of New Type Power System - An Overview, and key words: New type power system, frequency stability, inertia response, frequency control. Abstract: Developing renewable dominated new-type power system is a key step towards carbon peaking and neutralization. As synchronous generators (SG) are gradually being substantially substituted by renewable energy sources (RES), the power system inertia level is foreseen to reduce sharply, which will seriously threaten the long-terms system operation. Additionally, the utilization of substantial power electronic (PE) devices also shapes the more complicated inertia response process of the new type power system, thereby calling for more accurate inertia estimation methods. This paper reviews the existing system inertia estimation approaches as well as renewable participated frequency control strategies. Current prevalent approaches can be categorized into three distinct groups according to the required conditions, and the pros and cons of each method are discussed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of three frequency control strategies, namely, droop control, inertia control, and coordinated control, are analyzed. Finally, the key problems pending to be solved in the new power system frequency control are pointed out. |
18,962 | Please write an abstract with title: Aging of the over-voltage protection components, and key words: Aging, Varistors, Diodes, Capacitors, Surge protection, Arresters, Nonlinear filters, Testing, Instruments, Voltage control. Abstract: The aim of this work was to examine the influence of the number of activations, i.e. over-voltage pulses, on the aging of over-voltage protection elements. Both nonlinear (gas-filled surge arresters (GFSA), varistors, over-voltage diodes), and linear (capacitors-constituents of filters) over-voltage protection elements were tested. The instruments used allowed reliable measurements, and 1000 consecutive activations were carried out. A current pulse, (I/sup max/=13 A, 16 A; T/sub 1//T/sub 2/=8/20 /spl mu/s) for non-linear elements and a double exponential over voltage pulse (1.2/50 /spl mu/s) of amplitude 320 V, 480 V and 640 V for capacitors was used. The experimental results showed that the over-voltage diodes are the most reliable elements, considering changes of characteristics as a result of aging. It was observed however that varistors, GFSAs and capacitors suffered noticeable changes in characteristics. |
18,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Geometrical and physical models for the recovery of quantitative information from medical image analysis, and key words: Solid modeling, Biomedical imaging, Image analysis, Image motion analysis, Magnetic analysis, Data analysis, Uncertainty, Human anatomy, Physiology, Diseases. Abstract: Summary form only given. The development of methods to accurately and reproducibly recover useful quantitative information from medical images is often hampered by uncertainties in handling these data related to image acquisition parameters, the variability of normal human anatomy and physiology, the presence of disease or other abnormal conditions, and a variety of other factors. Several image analysis strategies are presented that make use of models based on geometrical and physical/biomechanical information to help constrain the range of possible solutions in the presence of such uncertainty. Included are approaches for image segmentation, object motion tracking, shape/volume measurement, and deformation analysis. These ideas are presented in the context of three problem/application areas within the general field of organ/tissue-level medical image analysis: (i) the characterization of cardiac function from noninvasive 4D image data, (ii) the analysis of neuro-anatomical structure from magnetic resonance images, and (iii) the development of an approach that compensates for brain shift in the image data during image-guided neurosurgery. The talk will include a description of the problem areas and visual examples of the image datasets being used, an overview of the mathematical techniques involved and a presentation of results obtained when analyzing patient image data using these methods. |
18,964 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Underwater Image Processing Methods for Annotation in Deep Learning Based Fish Detection, and key words: Image color analysis, Annotations, Deep learning, Channel estimation, Image restoration, Image annotation, Scattering, Image enhancement, Underwater equipment. Abstract: With the advent of deep-learning (DL) techniques, image annotation has become a fundamental part of the research process. In the case of underwater image annotation, the human in charge of the task is faced whith the inherent quality problems of this kind of images. A large number of underwater image enhancement (UIE) methods have been developed aimed at improving the colors and contrast of these images. However, no attention has been paid to the specific problem of image annotation. In this case the global image quality of the processed image is less important than the fact that the objects to be annotated stand out and that their contours are easy to delineate. In this paper we evaluate seven state-of-the-art UIE techniques and rank them, through a subjective approach, according to their utility for the annotation process. The conclusion of our study is that, in general, the model-free Multiscale Retinex algorithm is preferred over more complex techniques that try to model the formation of the underwater images. |
18,965 | Please write an abstract with title: CMP of PC, PMMA and SU-8 Polymers, and key words: Polymers, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Chemical technology, Micromechanical devices, Surface finishing, Epoxy resins, Silicon, Microfluidics, Fabrication. Abstract: Polymers such as PC (polycarbonate), PMMA (poly methyl methacryate) and SU-8 epoxy resin are replacing silicon as the major substrate in microfluidic system (or BioMEMS) fabrication. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is an important technology for many advanced microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and micro-optoelectromechanical system applications. In this study, CMP of PC, PMMA and SU-8 polymers was investigated. Four types of slurry were tested for CMP of PC and PMMA. Experiments were then designed and performed to investigate effects of two key process parameters. The experimental results show that an increase in head load or table speed would cause an increase in material removal rates (MRRs). Within the chosen experimental parameter ranges, the variation of table speed introduced a more significant change in MRRs than that of head load. ANOVA was also carried out, and it was found that the interaction of head load and table speed had a significant (95% confidence) effect on surface finish of polished PMMA samples while table speed had a significant effect on surface finish of polished PC samples. CMP is also a process well suited for polishing high-aspect-ratio SU-8 structures. Polished PC, PMMA and SU-8 surfaces had nanometer-order surface roughness, acceptable to most MEMS applications. |
18,966 | Please write an abstract with title: Hertz vector potential analysis of FSS on anisotropic substrates, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Geometrical optics, Dielectric substrates, Optical filters, Periodic structures, Moment methods, Optical arrays, Boundary conditions, Optical surface waves. Abstract: This work presents an analytical determination of the dyadic Green's function for frequency selective surfaces (FSS) on anisotropic dielectric layers. The structure analyzed is composed of a periodic array of conducting patch elements. Results are obtained for the reflected power by using the moment method combined with the Hertz vector potential method. Curves for the reflected power versus frequency are presented as a function of the structural parameters, assuming that the optical axis in the anisotropic substrate is oriented along the FSS conducting patch array main axes. |
18,967 | Please write an abstract with title: Flight-critical distributed systems: design considerations [avionics], and key words: Aerospace electronics, Hardware, Costs, Risk management, Real time systems, Fault tolerant systems, Automotive engineering, Application software, Laboratories, Buildings. Abstract: With the proliferation of so-called "smart" components and the availability of small, low-cost, and high-speed data networks, avionics that have traditionally been centralized are becoming distributed. A distributed approach offers many potential benefits, such as reduced development time and cost, simplified system installation, increased flexibility for system expansion or modifications, and greater reuse of proven components. The distributed approach can also reduce the risk associated with design errors by splitting complex hardware and software into more manageable components. However, distributed systems also introduce new challenges in meeting real-time deadlines and providing fault tolerance. This paper examines the many design considerations and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each. Emerging automotive drive-by-wire alternatives are compared for application to aerospace systems. This paper is based on a Draper Laboratory-sponsored effort to look at flight-critical distributed systems and to evaluate emerging hardware and software for building them. |
18,968 | Please write an abstract with title: NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Learning the Super-Resolution Space, and key words: Computer vision, Protocols, Conferences, Superresolution, Pattern recognition, Testing. Abstract: This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on learning the super-Resolution space. This challenge aims to raise awareness that the super-resolution problem is ill-posed. Since many high-resolution images map to the same low-resolution image, we asked the participants to create methods that sample diverse super-resolution from the space of possible high-resolution images given a low-resolution image. For evaluation, we use the same protocol as introduced in the last year’s super-resolution space challenge of NTIRE 2021. We compare the submissions of the participating teams and relate them to the approaches from last year. This challenge contains two tracks: 4× and 8× scale factor. In total, 3 teams competed in the final testing phase. |
18,969 | Please write an abstract with title: A Slim Convolutional Neural Network for Low-cost Masked Facial Expression Classifier, and key words: Facial expression, facial masked, efficient model, CPU, real-time. Abstract: The facial expression emphasizes a predictive facial gesture widely used for emotion recognition. The pandemic situation encourages the demand for the use of masks in specific areas, urging a challenge from a facial analysis method to accurately predict limited facial features. Practical applications demand a classification system that operates quickly. This paper proposes an accurate real-time facial expression recognition for masked faces. It offers an efficient backbone that improves from MobileNetV2, which drives the model to generate parameters and less computation. The represented context module is introduced to capture the attention of interest information and highlight features globally without placing a significant computational burden. In order to emphasize a reliable classification system in real applications, it proposes the development of a masked facial expression dataset, namely M-KDEF. The experimental results show that the facial expression classifier performs compared to other methods with an accuracy of 96.99% on the M-KDEF and 87.14% on the M-LFW dataset. It also examines the speed of the integrated system that obtains a data processing speed of 61.30 frames per second on the CPU. |
18,970 | Please write an abstract with title: End-Edge-Cloud Collaborative System: A Video Big Data Processing and Analysis Architecture, and key words: Feature extraction, Streaming media, Cameras, Big Data, Servers, Visualization, Collaboration. Abstract: In the current surveillance system, video streams are firstly captured and compressed at the cameras, and then transmitted to the backend severs or cloud for big data analysis. It is impractical to aggregate all video streams from hundreds of thousands of cameras for big data analysis. Transcoding the videos to low-bitrate ones is the conventional solution to solve the aggregation bottleneck. However, it is recognized that transcoding will inevitably affect visual feature extraction, consequently degrading the subsequent analysis performance. To address these challenges, we thus propose a new video big data analysis framework, called end-edge-cloud collaborative system. Under the end-edge-cloud collaborative framework, a camera can output two streams simultaneously, including a compressed video stream for viewing and data storage, and a compact feature stream extracted from the original video signals for visual analysis. Video stream and feature stream are synchronized by unified identification. We identify three key technologies to enable the end-edge-cloud collaborative system, including analysis-friendly video coding, visual feature compact descriptor, and user-defined neural network and parameter updating. By real-time feeding only the feature streams into the cloud center, these cameras thus form a large-scale brain-like vision system for the smart city. A prototype has been implemented to demonstrate its feasibility. Experiment results show that our system can achieve high efficient video compression and guarantee the analysis performance. Furthermore, our system makes the big data analysis feasible which only need aggregate low bit-rate compressed feature stream. |
18,971 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of Two Energy Storage Units with Market Impact: Lagrangian Approach and Horizons, and key words: Energy storage, Cost function, Mathematical model, Dynamic programming, Numerical models, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: Energy storage and demand-side response will play an increasingly important role in the future electricity system. We extend previous results on a single energy storage unit to the management of two energy storage units cooperating for the purpose of price arbitrage. We consider a deterministic dynamic programming model for the cooperative problem, which accounts for market impact. We develop the Lagrangian theory and present a new algorithm to identify pairs of strategies. While we are not able to prove that the algorithm provides optimal strategies, we give strong numerical evidence in favour of it. Furthermore, the Lagrangian approach makes it possible to identify decision and forecast horizons, the latter being a time beyond which it is not necessary to look in order to determine the present optimal action. In practice, this allows for real-time reoptimization, with both horizons being of the order of days. |
18,972 | Please write an abstract with title: Compiler-Based Timing For Extremely Fine-Grain Preemptive Parallelism, and key words: Instruction sets, Computational modeling, Parallel processing, Optical fiber networks, Hardware, Timing, Kernel. Abstract: In current operating system kernels and run-time systems, timing is based on hardware timer interrupts, introducing inherent overheads that limit granularity. For example, the scheduling quantum of preemptive threads is limited, resulting in this abstraction being restricted to coarse-grain parallelism. Compiler-based timing replaces interrupts from the hardware timer with callbacks from compiler-injected code. We describe a system that achieves low-overhead timing using whole-program compiler transformations and optimizations combined with kernel and run-time support. A key novelty is new static analyses that achieve predictable, periodic run-time behavior from the transformed code, regardless of control-flow path. We transform the code of a kernel and run-time system to use compiler-based timing and leverage the resulting fine-grain timing to extend an implementation of fibers (cooperatively scheduled threads), attaining what is effectively preemptive scheduling. The result combines the fine granularity of the cooperative fiber model with the ease of programming of the preemptive thread model. |
18,973 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolution neural network for identification of obstructive sleep apnea, and key words: Training, Rail to rail inputs, Hospitals, Databases, Convolution, Neural networks, Feature extraction. Abstract: Identification of patients with obstructive sleep apnea from normal subjects is essential for most of hospitals. Artificial intelligence techniques are encouraged for simplicity and being less costly and also for more accurate performances compared to traditional identification methods in hospitals A convolutional neural network is used in this work for feature matching process, while the continuous wavelet transform is used for feature extraction. 40 obstructive sleep apnea subjects plus 20 normal subjects RRI data are used in this work. The data is obtained from the MIT databases. The data is divided into 80% for training and 20% for validation. A compromise between the data size and the efficiency of identification is studied. The data is divided into different lengths segments for this purposes. The results are shown in terms of subject identification and also in terms of segment identification. Voting process is included to identify subjects based on segments identification results. The best subject identification result obtained is 93.8% for trial group and 83.3 % for validation group. The best segment identification result obtained is 88.45 for trial group and 82.5% for validation group. By using voting among segments a 100% identification of both trial and validation groups can be obtained |
18,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Omicron BA.2 Prediction Research Based on SEIR-ARIMA Mixed Model, and key words: Epidemics, Information science, Infectious diseases, Linear regression, Predictive models, Market research, Mathematical models. Abstract: Omicron BA.2, a new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has attracted worldwide attention due to its high infectivity and vaccine escape mutation. Based on the SEIR model being susceptible to changes in external factors and having specific errors, the ARIMA model is data-dependent and can only capture linear relationships. In this paper, based on the traditional infectious disease dynamic model SEIR and the differential integrated mean autoregressive model ARIMA, an SEIR-ARIMA mixed model is proposed to predict and evaluate the virus outbreak in March in Jilin Province, China. The data from SEIR and ARIMA models were processed using SPSS to obtain the predicted values f and e, respectively. Linear regression modeling was performed on the predicted values f and e to establish the SEIR-ARIMA model. MATLAB is used to complete the best linear fitting line. Furthermore, The results show that the model's predicted value is in good agreement with the actual value. It shows that the SEIR-ARIMA mixed model based on the SEIR-ARIMA model has a good prediction effect, which is beneficial for the country to make the right decision when facing the epidemic. It is of great value for preventing other types of infectious diseases in China in the future. |
18,975 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Handover for Mobile Device in Beam-Steered Infrared Light Communication with Vision-based Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Wireless communication, Extrapolation, Europe, Handover, Real-time systems, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We propose and experimentally verify an extrapolation algorithm based on the polynomial regression to trigger efficiently handover in beam-steered infrared light communication systems. Error-free connection is demonstrated for a wireless device while moving. The proposed mechanism also reduces significantly the number of handover failures. |
18,976 | Please write an abstract with title: Diode-pumped passively Q-switched tunable Er-Yb double-clad fibre laser, and key words: Diodes, Tunable circuits and devices, Fiber lasers, Optical fiber polarization, Pump lasers, Power lasers, Laser feedback, Optical fiber couplers, Laser tuning, Zinc compounds. Abstract: Reliable passive Q-switching of a cladding-pumped Er-Yb fibre laser at 1532-1563 nm has been demonstrated using cobalt-doped ZnS crystal as saturable absorber. High peak powers >10 kW were obtained for /spl sim/2.75 W of absorbed pump power at 915 nm. |
18,977 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-Doppler Extraction of Radar Targets With Translational Motion Based on Spatial Transformer Network, and key words: Motion compensation, Generators, Location awareness, Convolution, Radar imaging, Task analysis, Spaceborne radar. Abstract: The micro-Doppler (MD) signature, an effect that is induced by micro-motion, characterizes the rich motion information of targets, making it a valuable tool for target classification and recognition. However, the MD structure is always destroyed for radar targets with translational motion. In this letter, we propose an end–to–end translational motion compensation network based on a spatial transformer network (STN). First, the effect of the translational motion on the radar echo and its time-frequency graph (TFG) is modeled, so that translational motion compensation is regarded as an image spatial transformation task. Then, a two-branch convolutional network based on residual modules is designed to locate the transformation parameters, and the TFG containing only MD is obtained using a grid generator and sampler. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and stability. |
18,978 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility and Acceptability of Remote Neuromotor Rehabilitation Interactions Using Social Robot Augmented Telepresence: A Case Study, and key words: Measurement, Bridges, Telepresence, Pandemics, Social robots, Humanoid robots, Games. Abstract: There is a growing need to deliver rehabilitation care to patients remotely. Long term demographic changes, geographic shortages of care providers, and now a global pandemic contribute to this need. Telepresence provides an option for delivering this care. However, telepresence using video and audio alone does not provide an interaction of the same quality as in-person. To bridge this gap, we propose the use of social robot augmented telepresence (SRAT). We have constructed a demonstration SRAT system for upper extremity rehab, in which a humanoid, with a head, body, face, and arms, is attached to a mobile telepresence system, to collaborate with the patient and clinicians as an independent social entity. The humanoid can play games with the patient and demonstrate activities. These activities could be used to perform assessments in support of self-directed rehab and to perform exercises.In this paper, we present a case series with six subjects who completed interactions with the robot, three subjects who have previously suffered a stroke and three pediatric subjects who are typically developing. Subjects performed a Simon Says activity and a target touch activity in person, using classical telepresence (CT), and using SRAT. Subjects were able to effectively work with the social robot guiding interactions and 5 of 6 rated SRAT better than CT. This study demonstrates the feasibility of SRAT and some of its benefits. |
18,979 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of temporal motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures by feature tracking methods based on deformable motion models, and key words: Video recording, Pediatrics, Tracking, Deformable models, Leg, Data mining, Brain modeling, Karhunen-Loeve transforms, Signal generators, Computer errors. Abstract: This paper presents a new feature tracking method for video. This method estimates the displacement of a feature between two successive frames by minimizing an error function defined in terms of the feature intensities at these frames. Feature tracking relies on an affine motion model, which can be used to track features that may be translated and deformed from one frame to the next. The proposed method is used to extract temporal motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures. |
18,980 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulations of Measurement Errors for a Pendulum Reader, and key words: Seminars, Measurement errors, Analytical models, Instruments, Measurement uncertainty, Optical variables measurement, Position measurement. Abstract: A simulation was created in order to understand better the measurement errors for relative displacement of dams. The simulation was made for a measurement instrument that uses optical measurement with analysis of shadows from multiple sources of light. In addition to the errors from the optical sensor reading, the errors from the LED positioning, LED refraction and optical sensor refraction were simulated. The conclusion was that the magnitude of the errors from each source is too much for an instrument with good accuracy. A simulation was run with a method that compensate the errors and the magnitude of the resulting errors was small enough in this case. The conclusion of the last simulation is that the method for compensating errors works and an instrument with good accuracy can be produced using this method. |
18,981 | Please write an abstract with title: Regulatory Enforcement, and key words: Privacy, Law, Companies, Government, Injuries, Loans and mortgages, Urban areas. Abstract: Many different regulators play a role in the enforcement of privacy laws and regulations. This chapter helps the readers to learn about the federal agencies that play a major role in the enforcement of privacy regulations. It also helps the readers to learn about the other enforcement authorities that exist in state governments and self‐regulatory groups. The DOJ, led by the Attorney General of the United States, serves as the representative of the U.S. government in both criminal prosecutions and civil suits affecting federal interests. There are also many regulatory agencies within the executive branch that play specific roles in the enforcement of privacy laws and the creation and enforcement of administrative law covering privacy issues. These include the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Health and Human Services, and several financial regulatory authorities. Firms participating in self‐regulatory schemes may be motivated by several factors. |
18,982 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Optical Fiber Network Deployment on Soekarno Hatta Airport Railroad, and key words: Optical losses, Optical fibers, Integrated optics, Optical fiber sensors, Sensitivity, Optical fiber networks, Airports. Abstract: Railways airport is one of the modes of public transportation, with routes starting from Manggarai Station to the Soekarno-Hatta Station. One of the required communication infrastructures is an optical fiber. It is essential to design and analyze the installation of optical fiber through the route of the railway airport to improve the communication system between the station and the central office. Moreover, installing optical fiber can improve network connectivity, benefiting passengers and the commuter line. This paper discusses a proposed design and analysis of optical fiber network deployment on the Soekarno Hatta Airport railroad. The power link budget illustrates the overall optical power losses calculated for every line between Manggarai Station and Soekarno-Hatta stations. The losses between each station are 17.01 dB ~19.09 dB, resulting in a system rise time for each station between 98.336 – 259.262 ps. The proposed network design is feasible to provide an appropriate performance. |
18,983 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Study on the External Shaft Axial Stray Flux in Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors, and key words: Shafts, Temperature measurement, Fault diagnosis, Temperature sensors, Induction motors, Stator windings, Rotors. Abstract: Nowadays, due to the strong worldwide trend toward Industry 4.0, in industrial facilities with a large number of three-phase induction motors, nonintrusive motor condition monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques/devices are being used to provide key data for the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies. Most of the retrofitting nonintrusive sensing devices that are being used to measure vibration and temperature at the motor frame incorporate wireless communication, allowing for the implementation of wide wireless sensor networks. It is well known that the existence of a homopolar/zero-sequence axial stray flux in rotating three-phase machines is associated with electromagnetic asymmetries, core saturation and/or supply voltage unbalances. This axial stray flux can be partially measured in the external drive-end shaft with a concentric search coil, thus it can potentially be used to monitor the motor operating condition or to diagnose some motor faults. In this paper, the results of a set of experimental measurements of the external shaft axial stray flux in low-voltage, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motors under different operating conditions are presented and briefly discussed, contributing to a better understanding of this zero-sequence stray flux. |
18,984 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Convergence of Orthogonal/Vector AMP: Long-Memory Message-Passing Strategy, and key words: Convergence, Information theory. Abstract: This paper proves the convergence of Bayes-optimal orthogonal/vector approximate message-passing (AMP) to a fixed point in the large system limit. The proof is based on Bayes-optimal long-memory (LM) message-passing (MP) that is guaranteed to converge systematically. The dynamics of Bayes-optimal LM-MP is analyzed via an existing state evolution framework. The obtained state evolution recursions are proved to converge. The convergence of Bayes-optimal orthogonal/vector AMP is proved by confirming an exact reduction of the state evolution recursions to those for Bayes-optimal orthogonal/vector AMP. |
18,985 | Please write an abstract with title: A new preliminary design method of switched reluctance motor to ensure the acceleration time of high-speed and large-inertia flywheel rotor, and key words: Torque, Design methodology, Rotors, Process control, Switched reluctance motors, Stators, Software. Abstract: In the field of pulse power system, high-power and high-energy pulse alternator such as homopolar inductor alternator is used to provide intense pulses. The rotor is designed to be large and can store enough energy for satisfying multi-shot requirement. How to design a suitable and compact drive motor, make full use of the performance of the motor, and accelerate the flywheel rotor to the target speed with the required acceleration time (AT) is a matter of concern. For this reason, this paper proposes a new preliminary design method for switched reluctance motor (SRM). This paper first uses the operating characteristic of SRM to avoid the precise analysis of the torque and determines the appropriate rated power and rated speed through the AT requirement. Secondly, considering the limits of each parameter in the design process, the value range of rated current, stator inner diameter and number of coil turns is obtained. Third, combined with the classic control method of SRM, considering the limit cases in the control process, the constraints at three moments in the design process are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the design method is verified by simulation. |
18,986 | Please write an abstract with title: A typical scenario generation method for active distribution network based on Wasserstein distance, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Clustering algorithms, Transforms, Wind power generation, Electric vehicles. Abstract: With the rapid development of renewable energy such as wind power and solar power and the rapid popularization of electric vehicles, the operation and planning of active distribution network needs to consider the consequent uncertainties. To solve this problem, a generation algorithm of typical scenario based on Wasserstein probability distance is proposed. The algorithm first transforms the continuous probability density functions of wind power / solar power / electric vehicle output at a single time into the discrete quantiles containing precise probability information through the Wasserstein probability distance index. Then, considering the amount of calculation and its probability loss, the scheduling interval is divided into several sub intervals. The kmeans cluster algorithm is used to reduce the amount of the typical scenario in the interval, and the Cartesian product connection is used between the intervals. Through analyzing the cluster validity index, proposes two indexes of intra-class compactness and interclass separation, and the optimal clustering number is determined according to the class effectiveness index. Through iterative scenario reduction and fragment mergence operations, a typical scenario is finally formed. Finally, an IEEE 33 bus distribution network is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, The results show that the proposed typical scenario set has better effectiveness and reduction degree. |
18,987 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced dimension and reduced rank robust ABF for large sensor count arrays, and key words: Sensor arrays, Robustness, Interference, Frequency, Array signal processing, Adaptive arrays, Adaptive filters, Delay effects, Beam steering, Signal processing. Abstract: The generalized sidelobe cancellation (GSC) structure requires a number of auxiliary array correlation matrix inversions proportional to the number of steering directions [H. L. Van Trees, 2002]. The steering invariant sidelobe cancellation (SISC) process achieves reduced complexity, robust adaptive beamforming (ABF) without this proportionality [N. Owsley and N. Tague, March 2003]. This paper extends previous SISC work with implementation considerations, a modification for signal mismatch robustness and comparisons with other reduced complexity ABFs. The comparison metrics are: (1) beam patterns; (2) beamformer response and (3) array gain (AG) time series. The results indicate either the same or improved AG performance relative to other reduced dimension ABF techniques but with lower computational burden. |
18,988 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm using heart rate variability characteristics after conversion in patients with atrial fibrillation, and key words: Rhythm, Heart rate variability, Atrial fibrillation, Strontium, Predictive models, Spectral analysis, Heart rate, Frequency, Logistics, Hybrid fiber coaxial cables. Abstract: The goal was to find out the informative characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) after the conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) for prediction of maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR). HRV parameters were obtained in two ways: from Poincare plots and from spectral analysis. Sustained sinus rhythm patient group displayed significantly higher HRV with no difference in baseline HR frequency calculated from Poincare plot, but not from power spectrum. A model based on binary logistic regression of HRV parameters calculated from both models for prediction of patients groups with sustained sinus rhythm or broken one was created. An increased HRV (SDRR) and a decreased minimal and an increased maximal RR intervals on Poincare plot as well as increased HFC, decreased VLFC and relative LFC from power spectrum, might be used for prediction of maintenance of SR |
18,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Conformal and Lightweight 2.4 GHz ISM Band Patch Antenna on Silicone Sponge Rubber, and key words: Patch antenna, conformal, silicone sponge rubber, polyimide, copper wire mesh, conductive polymer. Abstract: A conformal and lightweight patch antenna on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) silicone sponge rubber (SSR) for the 2.4 GHz ISM band, is presented. Three different options for the ground plane are investigated: copper-cladded polyimide, copper wire mesh, and DuPont PE873 stretchable silver conductor. For these three options, the antenna is measured on a flat surface and conformed to cylindrical surfaces with radius R= 160 mm, R =80 mm, and R =40 mm. |
18,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Attribute Based Server-Aided Verification Signature, and key words: Servers, Cryptography, Logic gates, Access control, Computational modeling, Authentication, Transforms. Abstract: Attribute based signature (ABS) is a novel cryptographic primitive, which permits users to sign a message over attributes without revealing other information. A signature only reveals that it is signed by a signer whose some attributes meet an access policy. However, some ABS schemes only support the threshold access policy, where the signing algorithms are limited by the threshold. The threshold access policy can not express precise access control well. In addition, the computation cost of the verification algorithm is heavy since pairing operations are required. Pairing is costly operation comparing to exponentiation. Therefore, existing ABS schemes are not suitable to resource-limited devices, such as RFID tags and smart cards. In order to solve the issues above, we present a novel ABS scheme by using the attribute tree as access policy that expresses flexible access control. We utilize server-aid technique to help the verifier to verify signatures and reduce the computation burden. Our scheme is proved secure against unforgeable and anonymous under chosen-policy selective-message attack in the standard model. Compared with existing schemes, our scheme is more efficient in terms of private key generation and verification. The proposed scheme reduces users’ calculation burden and expresses more flexible access policy. |
18,991 | Please write an abstract with title: Indirect Matching Using Dynamic Cues for Effective Similar Shape Retrieval, and key words: Shape, Focusing, Multimedia databases, Information retrieval, Real-time systems, Informatics. Abstract: Shape images such as vector graphics have become popular for creating various types of online content. The importance of similarity search systems for shape images has been increasing. As a fast similarity retrieval method, indirect matching has been proposed. The indirect matching quickly estimates the similarity between each shape in the database and the query using a small number of cue images. The retrieval accuracy of the indirect matching, however, significantly changes depending on the combination of cue images. In addition, we have found the best combination of cue images is dependent on the query. To improve the retrieval accuracy of the indirect matching, we propose a dynamic selection method to determine optimal cue images depending on a given query in real time. Experimental results have shown that retrieval accuracy and performance can be improved by the proposed method. |
18,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a Person’s Movement Activity during Sleep by Bioradiolocation, and key words: Pathology, Machine learning algorithms, Medical treatment, Machine learning, Sensitivity and specificity, Planning, Reliability. Abstract: The proposed method for detection movement activity can help to diagnose Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, which can be treated with the special therapy. Nowadays there is a lack of effective non-contact ways for daily sleep movements disorders detection. Such sleep disorders may lead to dangerous health conditions. So development of new reliable unobtrusive methods for sleep movements disorders detection is an up-to-date task of modern medicine. Bioradiolocation, which allows detection and diagnostics of many pathologies without any physical contact with the human body, can be used to solve this problem. In particular, in the present paper, we propose the algorithm, which processes the radar’s data and allows detecting and analyzing movement activity of a person in sleep. The proposed algorithm was validated using data of three volunteers with different severity of periodic limb movement disorder, which underwent a study in a sleep medicine laboratory of Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The results showed that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for proposed movement detection algorithm for all three subjects were higher than 97 %, 71 % and 98 %, respectively. |
18,993 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of 1.5 MW–140 GHz Pulses With the Modular Pre-Prototype Gyrotron for W7-X, and key words: Gyrotrons, Magnetic fields, Electron tubes, Plasmas, Radio frequency, Electron beams, Acceleration. Abstract: In anticipation of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating system upgrade for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, a 1.5 MW - 140 GHz continuous-wave gyrotron is under development. In order to provide a first experimental verification of the scientific RF and electron beam optics design of the gyrotron with ms pulses, the Karlsruhe Intitule of Technology has developed a short-pulse pre-prototype gyrotron. In this work, we present details regarding the construction of the pre-prototype as well as measurements from the first experimental campaign delivering up to 1.6 MW in short pulses. |
18,994 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiometric device for the measurement of absorption of low-intensity continuous spectrum UHF-signals [by human skin], and key words: Radiometry, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Milling machines, Artificial intelligence, Microwave technology, Organizing, IEEE catalog. Abstract: A high-sensitivity radiometric measuring system (HRMS) for the measurement of low-level UHF-signal absorption is described in this report. The HRMS allows one to determine the dependence of absorption level of various objects on the radiating source power (temperature). |
18,995 | Please write an abstract with title: Depressed index substrate tubes to eliminate leaky-mode losses in single-mode fibers, and key words: Optical fibers, Silicon compounds, Refractive index, Preforms, Glass, Optical scattering, Light scattering, Optical device fabrication, Environmental economics, Solids. Abstract: Silica tubing to be used as substrate tubes for MCVD has was demonstrated for a fiber having only one-fourth the deposited clad-merical tubing in that it is both dehydrated and fluorinated during processing to yield a silica which is dry and whose refractive index is lower than that of silica. These tubes are advantageously used to prepare single-mode fibers having fluorinated-silica cladding which controls dispersion and reduces scattering losses. In this case, the refractive index of the deposited cladding can be matched to that of the outer tube thus avoiding leaky-mode losses commonly encountered in depressed-index clad fibers. Using such an approach, low loss (0.28 dB/km at 1.55 μm) was demonstrated for a fiber having only one-fourth the deposited cladding required when a commercial silica tube is used. Such tubes could provide ecomomies to the processing of and the performance of complex cladding single-mode structures and impact multimode fiber designs. |
18,996 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D image reconstruction from exponential X-ray projections: a completeness condition and an inversion formula, and key words: Image reconstruction, X-ray imaging. Abstract: This work concerns the problem of reconstructing a 3D image from exponential X-ray (parallel-beam) projections. It is shown that exact reconstruction can be achieved when the projections are known on a set of directions /spl Omega/ which satisfies the Orlov condition for non-attenuated projections. More specifically, it is shown that exact reconstruction can be achieved when the set /spl Omega/ is intersected by every great circle on the unit sphere, provided the product /spl mu/R is sufficiently small, where R is the radius of the region where the image is non-zero and /spl mu/ is the attenuation coefficient. A reconstruction method is suggested and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the exactness and usefulness of the method. |
18,997 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical breakdown spots in metal-aluminum oxide-metal structures, and key words: Electric breakdown, Electrodes, Aluminum oxide, Films, Silicon, Voltage measurement, Capacitance. Abstract: Metal-aluminum oxide-metal structures are prepared by evaporation in vacuum on silicon wafers using Au, Cu or Pd on top and Al as bottom electrode. The aluminum oxide layer is deposited by electron beam evaporation with a thickness of 200 nm. The diameter of the top electrode is varied between 0.1 and 1.9 mm. Capacitance measurements reveal a relaxational dielectric permittivity as expected for aluminum oxide. Applying ramp voltages results in single breakdown spots on the electrode before the structure finally becomes conductive. The breakdown spots, as characterized with an AFM, are in the form a crater, reaching 500 nm into the silicon. However, for the smallest electrode, the calculated electrostatic energy stored in the capacitance is not high enough to form the craters. |
18,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of Texas Coastal Current from 2018 to 2019 from HF Radar Observations, and key words: Sea surface, Sea measurements, High frequency radar, Surface roughness, Rough surfaces, Ocean temperature, Wind stress. Abstract: The Texas HF (High Frequency) radar network consists of five radars (operational since 2016) distributed along the Texas Coast and covers most of the Texas Coastal Current (TCC) region. Based on this HF radar system dataset from 2018.10 to 2019.8, the TCC shows a significant seasonal difference between summertime and non-summer. This has been revealed by the previous research that the low-frequency (>40hr) variations of the TCC are dominated by the local wind stress, and this summertime change of the TCC is due to the reverse of the summer wind. Since the wind shifted from down-coast to up-coast in July, the TCC also reversed to up-coast. The area of the TCC region is not only controlled by the strength of local wind, but it is also affected by passing sub-mesoscale eddies and density-driven currents related to freshwater input from local and remote rivers. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyzed results of the 40-hour low-passed stream function showed that roughly 74% of the total variance of the TCC is dominated by the variation of the local wind, and about 13% is impacted by the passing eddies and ocean stratification. The impact of local wind is more dominant in the nearshore shallow water region, and the effect of passing eddies mainly focuses on the relatively offshore area. Cyclonic eddies show a similar effect as the down-coast wind stress, it could intensify the down-coast TCC and make it wider, but the intensity of the TCC in the nearshore region will be rarely impacted by the passing eddies. When the anticyclonic eddies passed, the down-coast TCC would be countered partially in the offshore area so that the down-coast (up-coast) TCC would become relatively narrower (wider). The third EOF mode (5%) seems related to the geopotential anomaly, which is caused by the terrestrial input freshwater that could generate strong stratification. The high-frequency (<; 40hr) part of TCC shows correlations to the high-frequency variations of the local wind. |
18,999 | Please write an abstract with title: A system for monitoring and management of computational grids, and key words: Grid computing, NASA, Control systems, Application software, Distributed computing, Computerized monitoring, Computer networks, Power grids, Software prototyping, Environmental management. Abstract: As organizations begin to deploy large computational grids, it has become apparent that systems for observation and control of the resources, services, and applications that make up such grids are needed. Administrators must observe resources and services to ensure that they are operating correctly and must control resources and services to ensure that their operation meets the needs of users. Users are also interested in the operation of resources and services so that they can choose the most appropriate ones to use. We describe a prototype system to monitor and manage computational grids and describe the general software framework for control and observation in distributed environments that it is based on. |
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