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19,100 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-Port Magnetoelastic Delay Line in the UHF Region, and key words: Delay lines, Insertion loss, Delay effects, Frequency, Propagation delay, Magnetoelasticity, Yttrium, Magnets, Optical distortion, Magnetic separation. Abstract: Results are presented on the investigation of an experimental two-port magnetoelastic delay line using a single crystal rod of yttrium-iron-garnet, over the frequency range of 200 to 1000 MHz. A magnetic bias field is applied parallel to the rod axis. Data is given on delay time and insertion loss as a function of bias field. Both a slow and fast variation of insertion loss with bias field are noted. The slow variation of insertion loss is quite flat and insertion loss is at a minimum, over the range of 900 to 1050 oersteds, for all frequencies from 200 to 1000 MHz. A study of the fast variation of insertion loss shows that this variation occurs only over a portion of the pulse and if the pulse is short enough the fast variation is absent. A study of the effects of small permanent magnets that supply a biasing field orothogonal to the primary biasing field is presented. Insertion loss and pulse distortion are substantially reduced by these magnets. |
19,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Liver Cirrhosis Prediction using Machine Learning Approaches, and key words: Training, Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Liver, Predictive models, Brain modeling, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Liver cirrhosis is a highly infectious blood-borne illness that is often asymptomatic in its early stages. As a result, diagnosing and treating patients during the early stages of illness is challenging. As the illness progresses to its latter stages, diagnosis and therapy become increasingly challenging. The purpose of this work is to offer an artificial intelligence system based on machine learning algorithms that may assist healthcare practitioners in making an early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Various machine learning algorithms are being developed with this in mind to forecast the possibility of a liver cirrhosis infection. In this research, three alternative models for reliable prediction were produced by training three separate models employing a range of physiological parameters and machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree Classification, and Random Forest Classification. Random Forest was the best performing algorithm in this challenge, with an accuracy of around 97 percent. The open-access Liver Cirrhosis data dataset was employed in the method's development. The accuracy percentage of the models employed in this study is substantially greater than in earlier research, showing that the models utilized in this study are more dependable. Several model comparisons have shown their robustness, and the scheme may be determined from the research analysis. |
19,102 | Please write an abstract with title: A Survey From 1G to 5G Including the Advent of 6G: Architectures, Multiple Access Techniques, and Emerging Technologies, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Cellular networks, Time division multiple access, 5G mobile communication, Conferences, 3G mobile communication, Computer architecture. Abstract: There is an evolution in cellular communication due to the high demand for better quality of service, data rates, capacity, and lower latency. To satisfy these expectations, cellular network design is being drastically improved. This paper provides a survey of cellular network architectures, multiple access techniques, and emerging technologies from first generation (1G) to fifth generation (5G). The paper also includes a glimpse at what the forthcoming sixth generation (6G) might anticipate. The architecture of the cellular network from 1G to 5G is presented. Some of the important emerging technologies that enable the architecture to be improved and fulfill user needs are discussed. These emerging technologies include massive MIMO, software-defined networking, mm-Wave, etc. Moreover, multiple access techniques used from 1G to 5G are studied. Comparison among different generations of cellular communication is presented. There are challenges and open issues for 6G which are described. |
19,103 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for wireless ad hoc routing protocols, and key words: Routing protocols, Wireless application protocol, Frame relay, Analytical models, Mobile ad hoc networks, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Prototypes, Topology, Broadcasting. Abstract: Many wireless ad hoc routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. Researchers are comparing and improving these protocols before standard routing protocols are defined. In this paper, we present a framework for wireless ad hoc routing protocols based on the concept of a relay node set (RNS). This framework facilitates the comparison, design, and improvement of wireless ad hoc routing protocols. We briefly present an analytical model for comparing protocols using this framework with packet overhead as the metric. We also apply the framework to show how to improve a routing protocol. Future work using the framework is also discussed. |
19,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Fairness-Aware Closed-Form UL-DL Power Allocation for NOMA in UL Heavy UAV Systems, and key words: NOMA, System performance, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Throughput, Trajectory, Resource management, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted communication system for uplink (UL) heavy scenarios such as a football match, where intensive video uploading from the audience is demanded. Non-orthogonal mul-tiple access (NOMA) is exploited to enhance system throughput, while it suffers a dynamic user rate gap within each NOMA group due to UAV movement. In light of the user fairness issue and the UL heavy demands, we propose joint UL-DL optimization of user scheduling, power allocation (PA) and UAV trajectory (JOSPT). In particular, closed-form optimal solutions are derived for dynamic PA in both UL and DL, which plays a dominant role in system performance. The proposed PA scheme is more effective in maintaining user fairness than the previous work and also computationally efficient and suitable for energy-limited UAV system. The average spectrum efficiency of the proposed NOMA UAV system in UL and DL is also much higher than that of the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) based UAV system, with the heterogeneous rate demands accommodated. |
19,105 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual-mode ultrasound phased arrays for imaging and therapy, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Phased arrays, Medical treatment, Surgery, Prototypes, Focusing, Array signal processing, Imaging phantoms, Scattering, Ribs. Abstract: We have recently demonstrated the imaging capabilities of a prototype 64-element 1 MHz concave array with 100 mm radius of curvature. This array was optimized for therapeutic applications using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). We have shown that this dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) has a therapeutic operating field (ThxOF) that extends by /spl plusmn/3 cm and /spl plusmn/2 cm around its geometric center in the axial and lateral directions, respectively. We have also shown that appropriate apodization and accounting for element directivity along with conventional synthetic aperture beamforming produce a 50 dB imaging field of view (IxFOV) larger than the ThxOF. In addition, the spatial registration of imaging targets is as accurate as commercially available scanners. In this paper, we present results from an image-based refocusing algorithm whereby images formed by the DMUA are used to identify a refocusing target and a set of critical points where the incident power is to be minimized. The algorithm is validated experimentally in tissue mimicking phantom with strongly scattering ribs placed between the DMUA and the target. These results demonstrate what is potentially the most powerful advantage of the use of DMUAs in image-guided surgery. Namely, the inherent registration between the imaging and therapeutic coordinate systems. This allows for direct definition of targets and any surrounding critical structures to be avoided to minimize the collateral damage. With these capabilities, DMUAs may provide a most powerful paradigm for image-guided surgery. |
19,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Choice of O2O Food Delivery Mode: Self-built Platform or Third-Party Platform? Self-Delivery or Third-Party Delivery?, and key words: Advertising, Logistics, Companies, Pricing, Industries, Crowdsourcing, Business. Abstract: This article examines the optimal choice strategy of online-to-offline (O2O) food delivery mode for a merchant. In practice, there are four modes that are widely adopted by merchants: 1) The self-built platform and self-delivery (Mode SS); 2) the self-built platform and third-party delivery (Mode ST); 3) the third-party platform and self-delivery (Mode TS); and 4) the third-party platform and third-party delivery (Mode TT). First, we establish the merchant's profit model under each mode. Then, by comparing the merchant's profits under different modes, we analyze the optimal choice strategy of food delivery mode for the merchant. The results show that when third party service providers provide delivery services (TPSPs), if the advertising effect generated by the self-delivery is large and the consumer benefit brought by the third-party platform's promotion is small, the merchant should choose SS; if the advertising effect and the consumer benefit are both small (large), the merchant should choose ST (TS); if the advertising effect is small and the consumer benefit is large, the merchant should choose TT. Furthermore, from the perspective of the O2O food delivery system, TS (TT) is the best mode if the advertising effect is large (small). |
19,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy diffusion for distributed sensor networks, and key words: Routing, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Wireless sensor networks, Monitoring, Spread spectrum communication, Energy efficiency, Surveillance, Energy states, Fuzzy logic, Radio communication. Abstract: Distributed sensor networks (DSNs) are an emerging technology, recently finding extensive application in scientific and military surveillance. DSNs operate under severe energy constraints and are largely characterized by short-range multi-hop radio communications, which drives the need for energy-efficient routing schemes in such networks. Directed diffusion, a data-centric routing approach for application-aware DSNs has been shown to outperform traditional wireless routing schemes and achieves reasonable energy conservation through data-aggregation. However, directed diffusion ignores the energy level of sensor nodes, and we believe that incorporating the knowledge of relative energy reserves into the routing algorithm will improve energy efficiency and significantly prolong network lifetime. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy diffusion, an energy optimization on the directed diffusion scheme, and quantify its energy performance using ns-2 simulations. |
19,108 | Please write an abstract with title: A reliability-related optimization problem in multidistribution multi-state logistics network, and key words: Economics, Boosting, Probability distribution, Reliability, Resource management, Time complexity, Prognostics and health management. Abstract: Logistics networks, as the fundamental infrastructure, play a critical role in boosting economic prosperity. In this paper, we model a logistics network as a multidistribution multi-state flow network (MFN) in which each arc has random capacity characterized by more than one probability distribution under different budget allocations. Accordingly, we construct an optimization model to minimize the total budget required for the network to achieve a given reliability value. To address this challenging reliability-related optimization problem, an effective method is developed by integrating the well-known binary-search method and an existing method that solves the budget-allocation multi-distribution MFN reliability problem. The effectiveness and time complexity of the proposed algorithm are analyzed, and a benchmark example is provided to demonstrate how to minimize the total budget under the condition that the network reliability is not below a specific threshold. |
19,109 | Please write an abstract with title: ESD protection design of low-voltage-triggered p-n-p devices and their failure modes in mixed-voltage I/O interfaces with signal levels higher than VDD and lower than VSS, and key words: Electrostatic discharge, Protection, Signal design, Variable structure systems, CMOS process, CMOS technology, P-n junctions, Voltage, DSL, CMOS integrated circuits. Abstract: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces with the low-voltage-triggered p-n-p (LVTp-n-p) device in CMOS technology is proposed. The LVTp-n-p, by inserting N+ or P+ diffusion across the junction between N-well and P-substrate of the p-n-p device, is designed to protect the mixed-voltage I/O interfaces for signals with voltage levels higher than VDD (over-VDD) and lower than VSS (underVSS). The LVTp-n-p devices with different structures have been investigated and compared in CMOS processes. The experimental results in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process have proven that the ESD level of the proposed LVTp-n-p is higher than that of the traditional p-n-p device. Furthermore, layout on LVTp-n-p device for ESD protection in mixed-voltage I/O interfaces is also optimized in this work. The experimental results verified in both 0.35- and 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS processes have proven that the ESD levels of the LVTp-n-p drawn in the multifinger layout style are higher than that drawn in the single-finger layout style. Moreover, one of the LVT p-n-p devices drawn with the multifinger layout style has been used to successfully protect the input stage of an asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) IC in a 0.25-/spl mu/m salicided CMOS process. |
19,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Medicinal Plant identification in the wild by using CNN, and key words: Deep learning, Image recognition, Market research, Information and communication technology, Convolutional neural networks, Biomedical imaging, Convergence. Abstract: Plant identification based on deep learning received many attention and effort from the research community with many promising results. It becomes an active trend in the recent years. We apply Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize Vietnamese medicinal plant images in this paper. Different frameworks are evaluated such as: VGG16, Resnet50, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, Xception and MobileNet. The highest accuracy reached by Xception with 88.26%. We might think this approach will greatly contribute to the discovery and conservation of valuable medicinal plants. |
19,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Instrumentation for genome analysis (and beyond) based on the TI Digital Micromirror Device, and key words: Instruments, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Micromirrors, Micromechanical devices, Computational biology, Databases, Genetics, Physics, Mathematics. Abstract: The author presents an overview of various MEMS applications in the biological and medical research field. Specific examples use the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) developed by Texas Instruments. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center develops instrumentation and computational biology tools to exploit the emerging biomedical databases. We apply these tools to problems in biology, genetics, genomics, and medicine. The field of bioMEMS merges biology, physics, mathematics, engineering, computer science and clinical medicine. |
19,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct Acyclic Graph-Based Ledger for Internet of Things: Performance and Security Analysis, and key words: Delays, Load modeling, Internet of Things, Throughput, Markov processes. Abstract: Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based ledger and the corresponding consensus algorithm has been identified as a promising technology for Internet of Things (IoT). Compared with Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) that have been widely used in blockchain, the consensus mechanism designed on DAG structure (simply called as DAG consensus) can overcome some shortcomings such as high resource consumption, high transaction fee, low transaction throughput and long confirmation delay. However, the theoretic analysis on the DAG consensus is an untapped venue to be explored. To this end, based on one of the most typical DAG consensuses, Tangle, we investigate the impact of network load on the performance and security of the DAG-based ledger. Considering unsteady network load, we first propose a Markov chain model to capture the behavior of DAG consensus process under dynamic load conditions. The key performance metrics, i.e., cumulative weight and confirmation delay are analysed based on the proposed model. Then, we leverage a stochastic model to analyse the probability of a successful double-spending attack in different network load regimes. The results can provide an insightful understanding of DAG consensus process, e.g., how the network load affects the confirmation delay and the probability of a successful attack. Meanwhile, we also demonstrate the trade-off between security level and confirmation delay, which can act as a guidance for practical deployment of DAG-based ledgers. |
19,113 | Please write an abstract with title: High capacity antennas for MIMO radio systems, and key words: MIMO, Linear antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Receiving antennas, Antennas and propagation, Rayleigh scattering, Rician channels, Indoor environments, Fading, Channel capacity. Abstract: The capacity of radio systems with multiple-transmit and multiple-receive antennas may be improved by antenna arrangements which reduce the effective Rician factor. Channel measurements indicate that the capacity in indoor environments may then be close to the independent Rayleigh fading channel even for large numbers of antennas. High capacities may be achieved with such antennas also in outdoor environments. Experiments in the same scenarios indicate significant improvements compared to patch arrays with an element spacing of /spl lambda//2. |
19,114 | Please write an abstract with title: Human-Guided Motion Planning in Partially Observable Environments, and key words: Robot motion, Measurement, Automation, Computational modeling, Education, Reinforcement learning, Planning. Abstract: Motion planning is a core problem in robotics, with a range of existing methods aimed to address its diverse set of challenges. However, most existing methods rely on complete knowledge of the robot environment; an assumption that seldom holds true due to inherent limitations of robot perception. To enable tractable motion planning for high-DOF robots under partial observability, we introduce BLIND, an algorithm that leverages human guidance. BLIND utilizes inverse reinforcement learning to derive motion-level guidance from human critiques. The algorithm overcomes the computational challenge of reward learning for high-DOF robots by projecting the robot's continuous configuration space to a motion-planner-guided discrete task model. The learned reward is in turn used as guidance to generate robot motion using a novel motion planner. We demonstrate BLIND using the Fetch robot and perform two simulation experiments with partial observability. Our experiments demonstrate that, despite the challenge of partial observability and high dimensionality, BLIND is capable of generating safe robot motion and outperforms baselines on metrics of teaching efficiency, success rate, and path quality. |
19,115 | Please write an abstract with title: PJBL-MOOCs Innovation to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Middle Vocational Schools, and key words: Education, Electronic learning, Mechanical engineering, Probability, Media, Training, Faces. Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning model assisted by the Massive Open Online Course (PjBL-MOOCs) to improve student learning outcomes in the era of education 4.0. The design used in this study was quasi-experimental research. Participants involved were 46 Indonesian vocational high school students. They were divided into experimental and control classes. Data were collected using objective tests and were analyzed using t-test. Findings suggest that student learning outcomes in the control class reached an average score of 74.73. Meanwhile, in the experimental class, student learning outcomes reached an average score of 87.14. Our statistical analysis also captured that the probability value of Sig. was 0,000 <; 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes in the control class and experimental class. |
19,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Effectiveness of nonlinear optical loop mirrors in chirped fiber gratings compensated dispersion-managed transmission systems, and key words: Fiber nonlinear optics, Mirrors, Chirp, Fiber gratings, Dispersion, Optical solitons, Optical pulse generation, Optical devices, Nonlinear optics, Delta modulation. Abstract: We show that nonlinear optical loop mirrors can dramatically suppress the side peaks induced by the group delay ripples in chirped fiber gratings compensated dispersion-managed systems and significantly improve the system performance. |
19,117 | Please write an abstract with title: POSTER: Fine-grained Network Identification and Control Combining Routers and Programmable Switches, and key words: Multiprotocol label switching, Access control, Metropolitan area networks, Filtering, Control systems, Routing, Virtual private networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a fine-grained packet identification and control technique using a combination of commercial routers and programmable switches in existing IP networks. This technique enhances the control of existing users' communication in large-scale networks such as carrier networks, by utilizing the large amount of user-premises equipment and terminals already installed without modifying as much as possible. The packet identification in commercial routers involves not only identifying the destination address by the routing table but also filtering the arriving packets for access control. However, in large networks, the number of entries in the router can easily exceed the upper limit of the specification due to the bloated number of entries. The purpose of our proposal is to introduce programmable switches to apply fine-grained entries to specific packets roughly identified by commercial routers, thereby distributing the entries and achieving fine-grained packet identification even in large-scale networks. In our demonstration, we will target an MPLS VPN network and demonstrate how to forward packets of only specific users to P4 switches and how to flow only specific applications to high priority paths. |
19,118 | Please write an abstract with title: The thread form detection based on SVM, and key words: Yarn, Support vector machines, Pattern recognition, Machine learning, Educational institutions, Inspection, Information science, Concrete, Optimization methods, Machinery production industries. Abstract: This paper presents a detection method of thread image based on support vector machine. This method is to obtain a training sample set by collecting every concrete sub-image of thread form from the standard thread images as positive examples, and unqualified thread images as negative examples; and to train support vector machine with sequential minimal optimization algorithm, detect the thread with the optimal decision function that was obtained. Experiments show that by this method the detection result is reliable, and it is easy to accomplish the online detection. In addition, this paper also briefly discusses how to reduce point dimension and how to speed up operation. |
19,119 | Please write an abstract with title: F-BRS: Rethinking Backpropagating Refinement for Interactive Segmentation, and key words: Optimization, Image segmentation, Semantics, Neural networks, Task analysis, Training, Perturbation methods. Abstract: Deep neural networks have become a mainstream approach to interactive segmentation. As we show in our experiments, while for some images a trained network provides accurate segmentation result with just a few clicks, for some unknown objects it cannot achieve satisfactory result even with a large amount of user input. Recently proposed backpropagating refinement scheme (BRS) introduces an optimization problem for interactive segmentation that results in significantly better performance for the hard cases. At the same time, BRS requires running forward and backward pass through a deep network several times that leads to significantly increased computational budget per click compared to other methods. We propose f-BRS (feature backpropagating refinement scheme) that solves an optimization problem with respect to auxiliary variables instead of the network inputs, and requires running forward and backward passes just for a small part of a network. Experiments on GrabCut, Berkeley, DAVIS and SBD datasets set new state-of-the-art at an order of magnitude lower time per click compared to original BRS. The code and trained models are available at https://github.com/saic-vul/fbrs_interactive_segmentation. |
19,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Incremental Inductance Identification for Reluctance Synchronous Motors, and key words: Industrial electronics, Estimation error, Magnetic flux, Fitting, Rotors, Measurement techniques, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: The paper deals with the online incremental inductances estimation of a synchronous motor at low speeds using a high-frequency voltage injection. The control scheme is analogous to that used in position estimation algorithms, with the difference that the current control and the rotating voltage injection operate on the real dq axes. Thus a position sensor is required to apply this method. The corresponding current response is measured, filtered, and processed with an ellipse fitting technique. The estimated ellipse coefficients are then used to retrieve the incremental inductances online without the need of any post processing. A novel formulation to express the estimation error valid for other conventional signal injection techniques is presented. The method has been validated experimentally on a reluctance synchronous motor at locked rotor and during load and speed transients. |
19,121 | Please write an abstract with title: secure media streaming & secure adaptation for non-scalable video, and key words: Streaming media, Transcoding, Cryptography, Security, Time varying systems, Bandwidth, Protection, Automatic voltage control, Gain, Network servers. Abstract: Two important capabilities in media streaming are (1) adapting the media for the time-varying available network bandwidth and diverse client capabilities, and (2) protecting the security of the media. Providing both end-to-end security and adapting at a (potentially untrusted) sender or mid-network node or proxy can be solved via a framework called secure scalable streaming (SSS) which provides the ability to transcode the content without requiring decryption. In addition, this enables secure transcoding to be performed in a R-D optimized manner. The original SSS work was performed for scalably coded media. This paper examines its potential application to non-scalable media. Specifically, we examine the problems of how to scale non-scalable H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video and how to do it securely. We first show, perhaps surprisingly, (hat the importance of different P-frames in a sequence can vary by two orders of magnitude. Then we propose two approaches for securely streaming and adapting encrypted H.264 video streams in an R-D optimized manner using (1) secure-media R-D hint tracks, and (2) secure scalable packets. While we can not scale the bit rate of encrypted non-scalable H.264 to the same extent possible for scalably coded media, our method does provide some scaling capability and more importantly provides 4-8 dB gain compared to conventional approaches. |
19,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Infrastructure roots. Evolution of electric power in the United States, and key words: Power system interconnection, Power generation, Power generation economics, Power industry, Switches, Monopoly, Interconnected systems, Cities and towns, Nuclear power generation, Production. Abstract: Electricity holds a unique place in the US infrastructure. It is a commodity, a technology, and a necessity. Electric utilities must walk a fine line to balance each of these aspects. While electricity is a commodity that may be bought and sold, it must also be regulated to remain affordable for the general population. Reliability is continually balanced against the cost of upgrades and maintenance. This paper discusses the interconnection of regional area power systems in the US and the benefits such interconnection brings. |
19,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting in Decode-and-Forward Model with Co-Channel Interference Consideration, and key words: Relays, Mathematical model, Receivers, Interference, Throughput, Energy harvesting, Power system reliability. Abstract: The performance analysis for the proposed system model in cooperative network which incorporates energy harvesting (EH) from source to destination via relaying node is discussed in this paper. A 3-node decode-and-forward (DF) model is proposed where the relay node is subject to an energy constraint. The multiple primary sources and co-channel interference (CCI) are added in the system model known as multiple-source and single-relay (MSSR) is derived in relation to energy harvesting and its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) equation. The mathematical model is derived in power splitting receiver-based policy (PSR) scheme in aiming to achieve an optimum system throughput at destination. The performance of the network was observed and compared with the time switching receiver-based policy (TSR) and the theoretical receiver by using numerical simulation. It was observed that the network performance in terms of outage probability with multiple sources in the presence of CCI has substantial improvement in relation to the system throughput and network capacity. |
19,124 | Please write an abstract with title: The DEVIL is in the Details: A Diagnostic Evaluation Benchmark for Video Inpainting, and key words: Computer vision, Systematics, Codes, Benchmark testing, Cameras, Pattern recognition, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Quantitative evaluation has increased dramatically among recent video inpainting work, but the video and mask content used to gauge performance has received relatively little attention. Although attributes such as camera and background scene motion inherently change the difficulty of the task and affect methods differently, existing evaluation schemes fail to control for them, thereby providing minimal insight into inpainting failure modes. To address this gap, we propose the Diagnostic Evaluation of Video Inpainting on Landscapes (DEVIL) benchmark, which consists of two contributions: (i) a novel dataset of videos and masks labeled according to several key inpainting failure modes, and (ii) an evaluation scheme that samples slices of the dataset characterized by a fixed content attribute, and scores performance on each slice according to reconstruction, realism, and temporal consistency quality. By revealing systematic changes in performance induced by particular characteristics of the input content, our challenging benchmark enables more insightful analysis into video inpainting methods and serves as an invaluable diagnostic tool for the field. Our code and data are available at github.com/MichiganCOG/devil. |
19,125 | Please write an abstract with title: UAV multi-dynamic target points path planning with obstacles based on SOM-DAPF, and key words: Path planning, Neurons, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Turning, Heuristic algorithms, Azimuth, Optimization. Abstract: In this paper, the unmanned aerial velhicle (UAV) path planning problem with obstacles is disscussed for an air-ground collaborative system which is composed of a messenger UAV and multiple unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The messenger UAV needs to visit each UGV to collect and share information. The aim of this problem is to achieve a shortest path which makes the UAV fly over all UGVs while avoiding obstacles. By the Dubins model, the path planning problem is formulated as a Dynamic Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhood (DDTSPN) under obstacle constraints. To adapt to the change of UGVs' locations and reduce the complexity of tuning global path for obstacle avoidance, a moving horizon optimization strategy is porposed. After the UAV visits a UGV, the rest of UGVs' access sequence and access locations are determined using SOM method according to the real-time locations of UGVs. Further, the DAPF algorithm is presented to replan the path which enters the obstacle regions. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed path planning algorithm. |
19,126 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation-based Design of a Pull Material Supply System for Low Volume Unpaced Assembly Lines: A Case Study in the Aerospace Industry, and key words: Industries, Engineering management, Production, Industrial engineering, Minimization, Manufacturing, Task analysis. Abstract: To stay competitive, many industries have adopted the principles of lean manufacturing. A key principle is to implement pull control in production and material supply. In aerospace manufacturing, the large product size and low volumes result in significantly longer total task times and greater material demands in fewer overall stations. Consequently, the impact of material supply control is high, and its detailed evaluation is imperative. This paper presents a case study of the development of a pull principle for the material supply at a manufacturer of landing flaps, which comprised two major phases. First, a pull principle that enables minimization of work in process (WIP), particularly on the shop floor, was developed. Second, through the application of a discrete-event simulation study, optimal parameter settings were identified, and the developed concept was validated on a detailed operational level. Concept development has shown that the CONWIP principle is suitable for low volume environments with similar material demand characteristics as the landing flap assembly. The simulation study showed that a significant reduction of WIP without additional demands on logistics processes is possible. |
19,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensuring Green Computing in Reconfigurable Hardware based Cloud Platforms from Hardware Trojan Attacks, and key words: Task analysis, Field programmable gate arrays, Power dissipation, Hardware, Runtime, Green computing, Security. Abstract: Deployment of reconfigurable hardware or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in cloud platforms is the modern trend. Practical scenarios include Amazon's EC2 F1 cloud services, Microsoft's Project Catapult and many others. Efficient task scheduling algorithms exist that can ensure green computing, i.e. order the operation of user tasks in the available FPGAs in such a manner that the power dissipated is optimum. But recent literature has exhibited eradication of the hardware root of trust, which is not taken into account by the existing task scheduling algorithms that can facilitate green computing. In this work, we analyze how vulnerability in hardware like hardware trojan horses (HTH) can increment power dissipation suddenly at runtime, without affecting the basic security primitives like integrity, confidentiality or availability of the system. Thus, are difficult to detect but may hamper the system due to unnecessary high power dissipation. We also develop a suitable runtime task scheduling algorithm which schedules the tasks at runtime based on the dynamic status of the resources, such that the power dissipation incurred at runtime is optimum. Finally, we also propose a mechanism via which we can detect affected cloud resources based on the runtime operations. We validate our proposed methodology via simulation based experiments. |
19,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical Insights Into the ESD Behavior of Drain Extended FinFETs (DeFinFETs) and Unique Current Filament Dynamics, and key words: Electrostatic discharges, Space charge, Logic gates, Modulation, FinFETs, Impact ionization. Abstract: Single and multi-Fin behavior of drain-extended FinFET (DeFinFET) devices under low and high current injection conditions is studied using detailed 3-D TCAD simulations. For completeness, electrostatic discharge (ESD) behavior of both shallow trench isolation (STI)-type and non-STI-type DeFinFET devices is studied. Under low current injection, junction breakdown, parasitic bipolar turn-on, as well as the onset of space charge modulation and its implications on high current behavior are explored. Under high current injection, the role of space charge modulation in electrothermal instability and filament formation is discussed. Unique filament spreading behavior has been discovered in DeFinFETs. Fin-based construction was found responsible for filament spreading. The interplay among bipolar turn-on, bipolar efficiency, filament density, and nature of filament spreading is explained. |
19,129 | Please write an abstract with title: A 2×2 Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Array at 28 GHz, and key words: Antenna measurements, Dipole antennas, Millimeter wave measurements, Meetings, Magnetoelectric effects, Gain measurement, Gain. Abstract: A dual-polarized millimeter wave magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna array is designed. The ME dipole element consists of four shorted patches, ground plane and differential feeding networks. A 2×2 array was fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna achieves| S11| < −10 dB in band of 23.3 – 29.4 GHz (23%), in this band, the realized gain is up to 12.3 dBi and the isolation between the two ports is better than 23 dB. |
19,130 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite Element Analysis of Microbending Losses for Plain-weave GFRP Packaging Optical Fiber Sensor, and key words: Optical fiber losses, Optical fiber sensors, Shape, Glass, Packaging, Propagation losses, Finite element analysis. Abstract: Optical fibers are normally embedded or packaged into glass fiber-reinforce polymer (GFRP) structures due to their interesting properties for sensing. However, the embedding or packaging process induces lateral pressure to the optical fiber, which could easily lead to microdistortions in the cylindrical shape of the optical fiber, inducing microbending optical losses. In this paper, finite element simulations are used to analyze the influence of the pressure induced by GFRP packaging on microbending optical losses. Results also show that the degree of transmission microbending losses in the optical fiber may significantly vary under different displacement loads. Experimental results, based on a large depth-of-field photo, also confirm that large amount of light can escape the optical fiber as a result of the GFRP packaging process. |
19,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability between the imaging phenotype and genotype of tumors in Radiogenomics, and key words: Image segmentation, Statistical analysis, Imaging, Genomics, Predictive models, Reliability, Bioinformatics. Abstract: Because of the increasing awareness of the importance of analyzing imaging biomarkers, computer analysis techniques are frequently utilized. In recent years, these techniques have been developed in various directions such as predicting the prognosis of a patient based on the imaging features or analyzing the association between the imaging features and genomic data using deep learning. Therefore, the reliability of the evaluation is a very important part of the quantitative analysis of imaging. In this study, we evaluated the reliability with respect to the techniques commonly used in computer-aided abnormal region segmentation for radiogenomic analysis. |
19,132 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Rice Disease from Leaves using Deep Convolution Neural Network towards a Digital Agricultural System, and key words: Rice Disease Prediction, CNN, Deep Learning, Image Processing. Abstract: Rice is considered as the main food for about 140 million people in Bangladesh. Rice, as a food, does not only fulfill the protein or calorie intake of an average person, but also rice production plays a vital role in terms of rural employment and GDP of the country. However, the production of rice is hampered because of many diseases of rice leaves. The objective of this work is to develop a model which can predict those diseases so that farmers can take appropriate action. This work presents a CNN based model which provides 97.40% accurate results in predicting various diseases of rice leaves. Using a dataset of over 900 images of diseases and healthy leaves and following the technique of 10-fold cross validation, the model was trained to identify 4 common rice diseases. This is the highest accuracy gained for only rice disease prediction to the best of our understanding with such a large dataset covering at least 4 diseases. The results of the simulation represent the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed model. |
19,133 | Please write an abstract with title: Master-Slave Control for a Pneumatically Actuated Low Pressure Soft Robotic Glove to Facilitate Bilateral Training for Stroke Patients, and key words: Training, Actuators, Soft robotics, Master-slave, Pneumatic systems, Valves, Solenoids. Abstract: Strokes are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Most stroke survivors will have some degree of paralysis immediately after a stroke, which in many could be lost hand motor functions. In order to encourage a faster motor function recovery, many researchers have been working on improving existing rehabilitation techniques and assistive hand exoskeleton designs. However, many of the current assistive hand technologies, especially rigid hand exoskeletons, seem to be ineffective due to limitations in their mechanical designs. This paper focuses on designing a low pressure soft robotic glove to facilitate bilateral hand training. In this kind of therapy, a movement in the healthy hand generates a similar movement in the paretic hand. Researchers found that the activation of both cerebral hemispheres in rehabilitation exercises, improves outcomes significantly. To allow for this to happen, a design of soft actuators that can be quickly fabricated, and be operated on low pressures while achieving high flexion forces is proposed. The mechanical performance of the actuator was analyzed based on its blocked tip force capabilities and its capability in supporting full range of motion of the fingers. Then, a master-slave controller is proposed such that a glove (master) with flex sensors is worn on the healthy hand to generate a similar movement on the soft robotic glove that is worn on the paretic hand. The glove was successful in meeting the design requirements and assisting a person without hand motor dysfunction in performing a pinch, tripod pinch, and full grasp movements. |
19,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Intercomparison of the SNPP and NOAA-20 VIIRS DNB High-Gain Stage Using Observations of Bright Stars, and key words: Instruments, Calibration, Orbits (stellar), Planetary orbits, Earth, Space vehicles. Abstract: The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-NPP (SNPP) and NOAA-20 (N20) spacecrafts is a multispectral Earth-observing instrument with bands covering wavelengths from visible to long-wave infrared. Among these bands is a panchromatic day/night band (DNB) with a broad spectral response ranging from 500 to 900 nm, and a high dynamic range spanning over seven orders of magnitude, allowing for observations to take place during both daytime and nighttime. The DNB operates at three gain levels, with low- and mid-gain stages and two high-gain stages (HGSs). The HGS is capable of detecting dim city lights during Earth-view observations at night as well as bright stars through the instrument space-view port. Since SNPP and N20 are at opposite points of the same orbit, each VIIRS instrument is able to observe the same stars with the DNB in successive orbits. This will allow us to make a direct comparison of the relative calibration of each instrument using stars over a range of spectral classes. In this article, we develop methodology for accurately identifying target stars in order to make proper comparisons between the DNB HGS of each instrument. We then take observations from multiple stars in order to compute the ratio in the measured irradiance for each instrument as a function of spectral class. For K-type stars, which have the least spectral change over the DNB wavelength range, we measure a calibration bias between the SNPP and N20 DNB HGS of approximately 4%, which is stable over the duration of the N20 mission. |
19,135 | Please write an abstract with title: EV Charging Guidance Strategy Considering Dynamic Road Network and Personalized Driving Conditions, and key words: electric vehicle, dynamic road network, personalized driving conditions, personalized dynamic energy consumption, path planning. Abstract: Due to the high risk of electric vehicles running out of power during driving, it is urgent to research a charging path planning method for electric vehicles that is conducive to reducing users' travel anxiety. In this paper, through the selection can accurately reflect the actual characteristics of running condition of road users in the driving characteristic parameters, analysis of the characteristic parameters and the correlation between power consumption and the characteristics of the correlation between the strong and weak, using principal component analysis on the characteristics of dimension reduction, based on information entropy fuzzy clustering method for driving modes are classified, and the energy consumption of building electric cars driving model. In order to reduce the road network travel time when drivers go to charging stations, a dynamic road network model is established. According to the personalized driving conditions, a driving mode recognition model is established. Through the identification and analysis of different driving modes, a personalized energy consumption model is established. This paper analyzes the influence of personalized energy consumption model and dynamic road network on charging path planning and the influence of different optimization objectives on the optimization results of user charging path, and verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed planning method. |
19,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust object tracking of irregular terrain vehicle, and key words: Robustness, Vehicles, Target tracking, Robot vision systems, Cameras, Image analysis, Mobile robots, Computational efficiency, Object detection, Performance analysis. Abstract: Tracking a target robustly by utilizing vision is very difficult for a mobile robot running over the irregular terrain of a natural environment, due to the image deformation caused by the rolling and pitching of the camera, as well as due to the relative movement between the target and the camera. One approach for coping with such problems is matching the target image with many affine-transformed candidate images while tracking. However, when the number of candidate images increases significantly, such an approach is not practical to real-time tasks due to the high computational cost involved. In the present paper, we propose a new system called robustness analysis for tracking (RAT) that improves tracking ability. RAT is an analysis based on the features of the object image, in which three parameters - detectability, robustness for depth and robustness for rotation - are defined. Many more robust templates can be found by analyzing the object image using RAT before the tracking task is performed. The experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of this method. |
19,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Space Debris Removal: Challenges and Techniques-A Review, and key words: Space vehicles, Satellites, Space debris, Lasers, Earth, Planetary orbits. Abstract: There is a rising agreement within space debris group that balance is inadequate to force the orbiting debris masses and that ensuring a protected future for space activities, which require the advancement and organization of frameworks that effectively eject space-junk from Earth's orbit. Prescient examinations demonstrate that if people do not make a move to control the space flotsam and jetsam masses, an expanding number of unexpected crashes between orbiting objects will prompt the runaway development of Space-debris in Earth's orbit. It goes ahead to examine the political difficulties in creating and executing viable frameworks and finishes up with proposals for sorting out and dealing with a space debris evacuation program in the present geopolitical condition. This paper starts with an outline of the developing space trash issue to define the need to create and convey dynamic evacuation frameworks during the upcoming years. Issues will likewise emerge in partitioning the foreseen high expenses, as few nations are in charge of the larger part of the space debris masses, yet all countries will profit by its removal. |
19,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Supramolecular Design of Polyrotaxanes as Advanced Nano-Biomaterials, and key words: Polymers, Nanobioscience, Materials science and technology, Biodegradable materials, Biological control systems, Proteins, Amino acids, Drugs, Cells (biology), Spine. Abstract: Supramolecular architectures have been extensively studied in the last decade [1]. In particular, polyrotaxanes have been much interested as a novel class of molecular assemblies, in which cyclic compounds are threaded onto a linear polymeric chain capped with bulky end-groups. We have systematically studied a variety of biodegradable polyrotaxanes consisting of many cyclodextrins such as α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) and a polyether such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and their hydrogels aiming at carriers for drug delivery or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. For instance, hydrolyzable polyrotaxane hydrogels have been designed as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration [2]. Here the hydrolysis of our designed polyrotaxane hydrogels is well controlled by inclusion complexation of ester groups located at the terminal of the PEG in the polyrotaxanes, and the time to complete hydrogel erosion varies from a few days to more than two year in spite of their highly swollen states in physiological conditions [3]. |
19,139 | Please write an abstract with title: An Asynchronous Grant-Free Multiple Access Scheme with Rateless Codes for URLLC, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, Massive machine type communications, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Stability analysis, Delays, Reliability, Numerical stability. Abstract: Grant-free multiple access is an efficient way to achieve low latency access and is becoming a promising technique for massive machine type communications in future cellular system. However, the collision nature of grant-free multiple access is a major challenge for reliable and low-latency communications. Although rateless codes can enhance the reliability due to the rate adaptation property, existing grant-free access schemes with rateless codes are synchronous in that the users with arrived packets are not allowed to start access until the ongoing transmissions are finished, which incurs additional waiting delay. To reduce the latency without damaging the reliability, an asynchronous grant-free access scheme with rateless codes is proposed in this paper. It is asynchronous in that a user can start to access the shared channel instantly even when other users remain transmitting, without waiting for the finish of current transmission period. The stability and delay performance of this scheme are analyzed. Numerical results show significant reduction of the latency from the arrival of a packet to its successful decoding at the base station. |
19,140 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Ultrasonic Scalpel Rod with Multi-Stage Gain and Minification Structures for Minimally Invasive Surgery, and key words: Vibrations, Temperature sensors, Energy loss, Ultrasonic imaging, Simulation, Friction, Liver. Abstract: This paper presents a novel ultrasonic scalpel rod (USR) with a multiple stage amplification scheme that consists of both functional minification and gain structures for ultrasound vibration. The vibration amplitudes are first suppressed during the ultrasound transmission along the ultrasonic scalpel rod to reduce the friction energy loss, and then are enlarged at the distal end for tissue cutting. In order to further improve the cutting ability, the distal blade structure of the ultrasonic scalpel has been improved to a rectangular shape. The finite element method (FEM)-based simulations have been performed to investigate both static and dynamic performances to analyse the characteristics of the designed ultrasonic scalpel rod. The simulation results show that the amplification ratio of vibration amplitude can reach around 6.5, and the ratio between the maximum axial deformation and the maximum radial deformation is 51.2, with the working frequency of 55. 554kHz. Computerized Numerical Control was utilized to fabricate the monolithic structure of the ultrasonic scalpel rod mechanism, and its cutting performance was verified through the liver cutting experiment. |
19,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Photonic architecture for reinforcement learning, and key words: Photonics, Computer architecture, Learning (artificial intelligence), Tools, Robustness, Machine learning. Abstract: Reinforcement learning algorithms are a powerful tool to manage the interaction between a system and its environment. Here we present an approach to apply these algorithms within modern-day photonic technologies. Numerical tests, performed on typical learning tasks, show that the architecture is robust against experimental noise, which can even be beneficial for the learning process. The proposed architecture, based on single-photon evolution on a tree structure of tunable beamsplitters, is simple, easy to implement and an integration in quantum optics applications appears to be within the reach of near-term technology. |
19,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Modulation of spastic ankle stiffness dynamics with voluntary contraction in spinal cord injury, and key words: Spinal cord injury, Torque, Spinal cord, Muscles, Recruitment, System identification, Frequency, Delay, Biomedical engineering, Medical treatment. Abstract: A parallel-cascade system identification technique was used to examine the intrinsic and reflex contributions to overall ankle stiffness in normal (control) and spastic spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects as a function of voluntary contraction level. Intrinsic dynamics were modeled as a linear, 2nd-order system relating intrinsic torque to joint position. Reflex dynamics were described by a linear, 3rd-order system relating half-wave rectified velocity and reflex-torque. Intrinsic stiffness was similar in magnitude in both groups and increased with voluntary contraction at similar rates. In contrast, reflex stiffness dynamics behaved differently in the two groups: (1) reflex stiffness gain was significantly greater in SCI than control subjects at all contraction levels, (2) the modulation of reflex gain with voluntary contraction was abnormal, and (3) the reflex frequency parameter was lower in SCIs and decreased with contraction level while it increased in controls. These differences were significant across a wide range of contraction levels with the gain difference being largest at low levels of contraction and the frequency difference being largest at high levels of contraction. |
19,143 | Please write an abstract with title: Surface Modification of Sensor Packaging Composites with the Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air, and key words: Surface discharges, Surface waves, Conductivity, Packaging, Thermal conductivity, Discharges (electric), Threshold voltage. Abstract: Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is a method to produce plasma. By using air as the reaction gas, the produced plasma contains a large number of active particles, which is very suitable for the surface modification of composite materials. The surface of glass/epoxy composite is modified by DBD for 30 seconds, and the thermocouple is encapsulated with the composite. The temperature variation curves of the thermocouple before and after treatment are compared, and the results show that the plasma treatment under different applied voltages has different effects on the thermal conductivity of glass/epoxy composites. That is, when the applied voltage is low, the thermal conductivity of glass/epoxy composites is even lower than that of untreated ones. When the applied voltage is higher than a threshold value, the thermal conductivity of glass/epoxy composites increases gradually with the increment of applied voltage. |
19,144 | Please write an abstract with title: On pilot-based multipath channel estimation for uplink CDMA systems: an overloaded case, and key words: Multipath channels, Multiaccess communication, Computer aided software engineering, Multiple access interference, Delay estimation, Mean square error methods, Nonlinear filters, Mobile communication, Channel estimation, Downlink. Abstract: The paper considers a coding scheme for multipath channel estimation in uplink code-division multiple-access systems where each user transmits an individual pilot signal (sequence) to estimate its multipath channel coefficients. Assuming a common radio channel model with a uniform power delay profile, we derive lower bounds on the maximum mean square error for two types of linear channel estimators: an inverse filter and a linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. In contrast to previous work, the main focus here is on overloaded systems where the total number of multipath channel coefficients of all users is greater than processing gain. We show that the inverse filter bound is attained if and only if each pilot sequence is a perfect root-of-unity sequence. Interestingly, the conventional matched filter achieves the same lower bound if pilot sequences form a complementary periodic sequence set. In case of the MMSE estimator, the lower bound is either met or not depending on some system parameters. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the bound when pilot sequences are arbitrary vectors on the unit sphere. This paper gives insight into the performance limits of practical systems. |
19,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Decomposition for Multi-Component Micro-Doppler Signal With Incomplete Data, and key words: Optimization, Time-frequency analysis, Signal resolution, Chirp, Data models, Radar, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: When echoes of micromotion targets are overlapping in the time-frequency (TF) domain and sampling data are missing, the decomposition of the multicomponent micro-Doppler (m-D) signals is challenging. To address this issue, this letter proposes a method for multicomponent m-D signal decomposition by iterations of the instantaneous frequencies (IFs), individual components, and complex envelopes. To initialize the IFs, the well-focused time-frequency representation (TFR) is obtained by sparse reconstruction of the incomplete data, and then the IFs of the TFR can be estimated by the short-time variational mode decomposition (STVMD) algorithm. After initialization, the IFs, individual components, and complex envelopes are updated by the intrinsic chirp component decomposition (ICCD), alternating direction method (ADMM) of multipliers, and least-square-error criterion (LSEC), respectively. Finally, the proposed method is verified by simulation and application to real data. |
19,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of IGBTs Reliability Under Coupled Electrical–Thermal Environment, and key words: Stress, Degradation, Temperature measurement, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Reliability, Logic gates, Current measurement. Abstract: Electric field and temperature are two of the most important factors affecting the reliability of IGBT devices. However, the actual effects of coupled electrical-thermal stress on the reliability of these devices have not been studied in detail. In this article, cross-experiments combining different types of reliability experiments, such as high-temperature gate bias, high-temperature storage stressing, and power cycling (PC), are carried out to study the degradation mechanisms in the IGBT devices under coupled electrical-thermal stress. The process of cross-experiments is discussed in detail and a large number of IGBT devices are used for experimental verification. The degradation parameters are monitored and the related mechanisms are discussed for two parts: chip and packaging. Based on the experimental results, a detailed trap formation hypothesis about gate leakage current is proposed. At last, it is qualitatively verified via a finite element model that high-temperature storage helps to release residual stress in bonding wires, and the influence of gate oxide degradation in the PC experiments is explained. |
19,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring and transmission of heavy vehicle parameters using fixed cellular terminal, and key words: Condition monitoring, GSM, Modems, Microcontrollers, Fuels, Transmitters, Global Positioning System, Fingers, Intelligent vehicles, Transducers. Abstract: At present any consignment carried by a vehicle has to travel incommunicado till it reaches the destination. So, both the fleet owner and the persons sending or procuring the consignment have to sit keeping their fingers crossed till the fleet arrives. To track the path of the vehicle and to monitor the various parameters like fuel consumption, kilometers covered and the amount of load in the vehicle an intelligent device would come handy to solve the problem for the fleet operators and the clients. This paper aims at designing an intelligent device, which has two parts: the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter is set up in the truck and it consists of a microcontroller to which the GPS and the GSM modem are connected. The analog signals from the transducers, which are used to detect the amount of load and the fuel in the truck, are sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller acquires the position of the truck from the GPS and sends it to the receiver along with the analog values, through the GSM modem using SMS. The receiver consists of a computer to which a GSM modem is connected by its serial port. The SMS is received by the GSM modem and is sent to the computer, which makes use of a map plotting software to plot the position of the truck along with its parameters. |
19,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation-Based Optimization Integrated Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Wave Energy Site Selection: A Case Study of Australia, and key words: Australia, Renewable energy sources, Decision making, Production, Bibliographies, Task analysis. Abstract: This study aims to develop a novel and robust simulation-based integration framework to identify optimal locations for wave energy projects in Australia. The process of multi-criteria evaluating and selecting locations based on feasible conditions, published numerical data, and linguistic judgments of experts. With this aim in mind, this paper proposes the first combination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (Fuzzy BWM), and Simulation-based Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Interactive Decision-Making method (Fuzzy TODIM). Firstly, the DEA model helps to filter out potentially and highly effective locations from feasible locations. Afterward, Fuzzy BWM is a worthy and effective alternative to Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in weighting criteria. Finally, the simulation-based Fuzzy TODIM method evaluates potential locations, taking into account both the consideration of the criteria interaction and the decision maker’s aversion to loss. Based on the simulation results, the study finds the thresholds of the loss attenuation coefficient that change the ranking of potential locations. Last but not least, to validate the ranking result, the comparison shows that the proposed method’s results have a high degree of similarity with actual wave energy projects in Australia. Accordingly, governments, investors, and institutions can sustainably optimize the efficiency of wave energy projects by applying the proposed model. Moreover, the integrated framework can provide robust solutions to other multiple criteria decision-making problems. |
19,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Embedded passives design and optimization for quadband EGSM single package RF module, and key words: Design optimization, Packaging, Radio frequency, GSM, Power harmonic filters, Costs, Matched filters, Passive circuits, Laminates, Wireless communication. Abstract: Novel compact embedded super-diplexer for quadhand GSM RF system is proposed. The design of superdiplexer is based on the performance of cascaded diplexer and lowhigh lowpass fiters. At the same time, low cost compact embedded Tx GSM lowpass filter and diplexer on low cost laminate are designed to replace discrete LTCC lowpass filter and diplexer. The embedded lowpass fiters, diplexer and super-diplexer are built and measurement results show good agreement with the simulation data. The measurement result of super-diplexer is well matched to the cascaded performance of diplexer and lowpass filter. The compactness of the newly developed super-diplexer makes the design and integration of quadhand GSM RF systems attractive for further development and applications in SOC andlor SIP. |
19,150 | Please write an abstract with title: FPGA Based Hardware In The Loop Inverter Loss and Thermal Model for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Inverters, Switches, Field programmable gate arrays, Real-time systems, Pulse width modulation, Switching frequency, Insulated gate bipolar transistors. Abstract: As the capability of real time hardware in the loop (HIL) systems has expanded over recent years, it has created an environment that provides an opportunity to couple highly accurate component models with the embedded control systems which drive them. One application of this, is the integration of an accurate inverter loss and thermal model in a real time environment. This integration allows for the influence of the control system on the inverter thermal behavior to be dynamically modeled in a closed loop manner for more accurate thermal modeling and opportunities for control optimization. This paper will present an accurate method for real time simulation of inverter loss and thermal behavior using an FPGA based real time system. |
19,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Respiratory Motion Correction in Dynamic PET with a Single Attenuation Map, and key words: Logic gates, Image reconstruction, Dynamics, Lung, Kinetic theory, Positron emission tomography, Strain. Abstract: In addition to static tracer uptake values used routinely in clinical facilities, PET imaging can provide useful information on tracer kinetics via the use of dynamic acquisitions where a set of time frames are acquired starting from the injection/inhalation of the radiotracer. In lung studies, kinetic parameters, estimated from compartmental modelling, are however affected by respiratory motion. When only one attenuation image is available, most existing motion compensation strategies are not appropriate for the initial short time frames, especially as the activity distribution changes rapidly over the early part of the dynamic acquisition. This work presents a preliminary study to handle respiratory motion using a two-step process that uses gated dynamic data as input. We first use joint reconstruction of activity and motion on the entire gated PET data to estimate deformation fields. This allows the subsequent reconstruction of each time frame separately with motion compensation. We present results comparing on one hand the compartment model fit residuals with and without respiratory motion compensation and on the other hand the diaphragm position in non-attenuation corrected images and from this method. |
19,152 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of Broad and Specific Demographic Homogeneity on the Imposter Distributions and False Match Rates in Face Recognition Algorithm Performance, and key words: Face recognition, Face, Task analysis, Skin, Frequency modulation, Error analysis, Terrorism. Abstract: The growing adoption of biometric identity systems, notably face recognition, has raised questions regarding whether performance is equitable across demographic groups. Prior work on this issue showed that performance of face recognition systems varies with demographic variables. However, biometric systems make two distinct types of matching errors, which lead to different outcomes for users depending on the technology use case. In this research, we develop a framework for classifying biometric performance differentials that separately considers the effect of false positive and false negative outcomes, and show that oft-cited evidence regarding biometric equitability has focused on primarily on false-negatives. We then correlate demographic variables with false-positive outcomes in a diverse population using a commercial face recognition algorithm, and show that false match rate (FMR) at a fixed threshold increases >400-fold for broadly homogeneous groups (individuals of the same age, same gender, and same race) relative to heterogeneous groups. This was driven by systematic shifts in the tails of the imposter distribution impelled primarily by homogeneity in race and gender. For specific demographic groups, we observed the highest false match rate for older males that self-identified as White and the lowest for older males that self-identified as Black or African American. The magnitude of FMR differentials between specific homogeneous groups (<;3-fold) was modest in comparison with the FMR increase associated with broad demographic homogeneity. These results demonstrate the false positive outcomes of face recognition systems are not simply linked to single demographic factors, and that a careful consideration of interactions between multiple factors is needed when considering the equitability of these systems. |
19,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase Adjustment Algorithm for Deformation Compensation of Nonflat Reflectarray Antenna, and key words: Antenna measurements, Shape, Shape measurement, Reflector antennas, Calibration, Antenna radiation patterns, Strain. Abstract: This paper investigates an on-orbit calibration method for a nonflat reflectarray antenna. This paper proposes the antenna calibration method that uses a shape measurement device. The analysis in this paper shows that, with the proposed calibration method, the gain reduction due to shape deformations can be effectively ameliorated. |
19,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of Radiotherapy Effects on Destroying Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, and key words: Cancer, Tumors, Stem cells, Cells (biology), Schedules, Maintenance engineering, Fractionation. Abstract: Radiotherapy is a common method for cancer treatment. One of the factors that determine the tumor's malignancy is the presence of cancer stem cells in tumors. These cells not only have a long lifespan but also are capable to proliferate infinitely and have inherent resistance against all therapy methods. The aim of this research is to consider biological processes and their effects on each other in growth and radiotherapy phases by modeling to make the simulation closer to reality. Two main cell's nutrients, including oxygen and glucose, biological tumor structure, cell cycle phases and telomere length limitation for the mitotic division are considered in the growth phase. Furthermore, 5R factors, cell's different radiosensitivity in different oxygen levels, and cell's different radiosensitivity in different cell cycle phases not being allowed to pass checkpoints in cell cycle until the complete repair of sublethal damage caused by radiotherapy, considered in the treatment phase. Then, three radiotherapy patterns were simulated for a heterogeneous tumor having three subpopulations: healthy cells, cancer cells, cancer stem cells. Obtained results are in agreement with the researches in this field. |
19,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Safety Assessment of Dynamic Systems: An Evidential Group Interaction-Based Fusion Design, and key words: Safety, Feature extraction, Dynamical systems, Cognition, Temperature measurement, Monitoring, Underwater vehicles. Abstract: Considering the inherent unknown risks in the operation of complex dynamic system, it is very important to assess its safety accurately. Within the framework of human-in-the-loop, we propose a novel evidential group interaction-based (EGIB) safety assessment approach based on the evidence group interaction. With the analysis of safety assessment levels (SALs), the basic belief assignment (BBA) distribution of multiple safety indicators can be obtained. Fuzzy ranking technology is used to collect the individual’s cognition of these indicators. Using Shapley function in the framework of fuzzy measure and considering the cooperation effect, the peer importance is modeled. The collective group opinions of these indicators are obtained after the convergence process. The fusion procedure with weighted evidence combination is used to identify the safety state. To illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method, we carry out simulation using real data obtained from electrical and observation communication system of deep-sea manned submersible, and comparsion is conducted between our approach and the baseline methods. Results show that the proposed approach can be applied to solve the safety assessment problems of complex dynamic systems in practice. |
19,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Azimuthal self-pressed gas discharge with trapped longitudinal magnetic flow, and key words: Discharges, Switches, Magnetic fields, Dielectrics, Energy storage, Solenoids, Magnetic analysis, Plasma properties, Magnetic circuits, Plasma devices. Abstract: The results of research of an original high current azimuthal electrodeless discharge, pressed to the inner wall of a cylindrical dielectric chamber by the pressure of a trapped longitudinal magnetic field are informed. This field previously was created in a solenoid being simultaneously an inductive storage of energy. As the opening switch of inductive storage an electroexplosive current breaker was used. The results of the analysis of trapping the longitudinal magnetic field by an azimuthal plasma current shell and an experimental study of the dynamics and radiative properties of a plasma layer are presented. |
19,157 | Please write an abstract with title: An Abnormal Electrical Phenomena Detection Method for Vehicle-Grid Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, and key words: Neural networks, RLC circuits, Resonant frequency, Rail transportation, Convolutional neural networks, Reliability, Task analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a monitoring and evaluation framework for vehicle-grid electrical coupling system (VGECS) in electrified railway is proposed. The framework consists of monitoring block, analysis block and evaluation block and the key part is the analysis block. To effectively process the massive monitoring data in VGECS, two strategies based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short term memory network (LSTM) are designed to identify the abnormal electrical phenomena (AEP) in VGECS. The proposed method can identify typical AEP in VGECS, including inrush current, low frequency oscillation, harmonic resonance and short circuit in a rapid manner based on voltage and current signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experimental tests with measured data. |
19,158 | Please write an abstract with title: AI-based prediction for early detection of Tuberculosis in India based on environmental factors, and key words: Visualization, Epidemics, Infectious diseases, Government, Predictive models, Sustainable development, Diseases. Abstract: Machine Learning and Deep Learning can play an essential role in determining the spread of diseases. The proposed system aims at predicting the spread of Tuberculosis by understanding the impact of various climatic and pollution parameters on the disease. The proposed solution takes into consideration the information related to Tuberculosis in different districts of India; and the climatic and pollution parameters for those regions. This information is then used to understand the sustainability conditions of Tuberculosis and correlation of different environmental factors with a number of cases of Tuberculosis. This can then help in the prediction of the spread of disease. The system will also provide visualizations depicting the spread pattern of Tuberculosis, of the different regions affected in the past and the regions which may get affected in the near future. |
19,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Topology and Analysis of An Electromechanical Brake for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Analytical models, Actuators, Friction, Force, Electric vehicles, Topology, Brakes. Abstract: A new automotive electromechanical brake (EMB) is proposed in this study, which consists of the electromagnetic linear actuator that includes the stator and the mover, the power rod, the wedge, the braking pads, the caliper and the mechanical accessory. The braking torque is controlled via the actuator control unit. The topology structure of the proposed EMB is discussed. The models of the proposed EMB are developed, it is confirmed that the proposed EMB provides two braking forces with same magnitude and opposite direction to the braking pads, and the gains of the components and the proposed EMB are formulated. Furthermore, the effects of the geometrical parameter and the design parameter on the performance of the proposed EMB are analyzed via simulation. This study provides a novel EMB topology for electric vehicles, which possesses the faster dynamic response than previous EMBs. |
19,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiments to assess structural loads during solid armature contact transition, and key words: Solids, Armature, X-ray imaging, Testing, Acceleration, Steel, Electromagnetic measurements, Electromagnetic coupling, Computer interfaces, Boundary conditions. Abstract: The objective of the work is to characterize the force developed at the rail-armature interface during contact transition. Solid armatures were accelerated up to 2.5 km/s, with peak currents on the order of 1 MA. The armature contacts were allowed to naturally transition, an event that typically occurred on the decaying portion of the current pulse. Deflections of unsupported steel rods launched with an armature were measured from flash X-ray images taken at muzzle exit. In-bore X-rays were used on a few tests to refine the time at which the maximum rod deflection occurred. The highest velocity tests provided further data on armature deformation. In addition to the experiments, a coupled electromagnetic-structural dynamics code was used to compute the rod and armature deformations based on a range of assumed pressure profiles at the rail-armature interface and under a variety of boundary conditions. Reasonable agreement between the calculations and experiment was obtained with an interface pressure of approximately 550 MPa (80 ksi) applied over the smallest mesh area available at the leading edge of the front contact (25 kN). In future work, this load can then be used as input to structural mechanics calculations to further increase the survivability of hypervelocity long-rod penetrators. |
19,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Technology Hazards and Regulatory Methods on Commercial Fusion Development, and key words: Hazards, Industries, Chemicals, Fuels, Design methodology, Government. Abstract: The past ten years has seen a significant investment in private companies pursuing commercialization of fusion technology. The successful near-term development and deployment of fusion technology will partially depend on the ability of designers to meet regulatory requirements for safety standards. Since no clear regulations or a regulatory body exists for commercial fusion technology, the designers have an opportunity to propose an efficient pathway for licensing and regulation that protects the public health and addresses technology hazards. While fusion has widely been regarded as an inherently safe technology, current approaches to commercial fusion-specifically fuel cycles requiring radioactive tritium-have inherent hazards that must be controlled, mitigated, or eliminated. Various regulatory evaluation methods, design strategies, and analysis tools can be used to demonstrate and ensure safety but each approach will impact the technical, economic, or social feasibility of the technology. This article first discusses different regulatory evaluation methods that could be used to support the licensing of fusion technology and the potential impact of these methods on the subsequent level of regulatory oversight for commercial fusion. Second, techniques for the reduction of calculated hazard consequences by design or analysis are presented. Third, the impact of these different regulatory evaluation methods and hazard reduction techniques on design and analysis of fusion technology is reviewed. Finally, offsite hazards associated with a commercial-scale fusion facility are discussed to illustrate the need for a more detailed investigation of the hazards of commercial fusion and hazard-reducing design and analysis methodologies. |
19,162 | Please write an abstract with title: High performance Kerr effect in hybrid 2D material-SiN waveguide platform, and key words: Optical design, Two dimensional displays, Electromagnetic waveguides, Silicon nitride, Silicon, Optical materials, Telecommunications. Abstract: The high scale manufacturing capability and low cost brought by the Si platform due to its CMOS compatibility makes it now a well-established standard. However, the design of nonlinear structures with Si compatible materials is hindered by strong two photon absorption at telecom optical wavelengths in silicon [1] . Alternatives such as silicon nitride (SiN) do not show as strong nonlinearities and can be limited in terms of performances. In order to boost SiN waveguides, one can turn to the emerging field of nonlinear two-dimensional (2D) materials [2] . The idea is to integrate to the structure a highly nonlinear material. Due to the overlap between the transverse propagating mode and the thin layer crystal, the electromagnetic wave can take advantage of the high nonlinear response of the 2D material. Thus, it increases the effective nonlinearities of the waveguide structure. |
19,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Power controller design for maximum power tracking in solar installations, and key words: State-space methods, Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Optimal control, Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Power system dynamics, Energy conversion, Time varying systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: A state space approach to the design of a maximum power point (MPP) tracking system for photovoltaic energy conversion is presented. The problem of optimal-power control of a nonlinear time-varying system is reduced to an ordinary problem of dynamic system stability in state space by applying MPP conditions in controller design. The resulting tracking system searches for the reference point and tunes the converter for maximum power delivery to a load that may represent an end-user, or an energy-storage element, or a power grid-interface. The proposed design procedure for the MPP tracking system ensures a global asymptotic stability under certain conditions, and a minimum degree of the dynamic feedback. The design is verified using the virtual test bed, demonstrating accurate MPP tracking capability under unpredictable weather change, parameter variation, and load disturbance. The tracking system can be applied either to a stand-alone or grid-connected photovoltaic installations, and can be implemented in either analog circuitry or a digital microcontroller. |
19,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Stitching-free 3D printing of millimeter-sized highly transparent spherical and aspherical optical components, and key words: Biomedical optical imaging, Optical device fabrication, Surgery, Glass, Three-dimensional printing, Optical imaging, Size measurement. Abstract: We fabricate and characterize spherical and aspherical polymer lenses on the millimeter scale by stitching-free 3D printing via two-photon polymerization. The imaging quality is excellent, being comparable to commercially available glass lenses. |
19,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Full Feedforward Control Strategy with Pre-Filter of LCL Grid-Connected Inverter in Weak Grid, and key words: Wind energy generation, Power system stability, Harmonic analysis, Stability analysis, Robustness, Inverters, Impedance. Abstract: With the large number of wind, photovoltaic and other new energy distributed generation connected to the grid, the weak impedance of the grid is more prominent. The full feed-forward control has a good suppression effect on the power grid background harmonic and has been widely used, but the traditional full feedforward control cannot adapt to the change of grid impedance. In this paper, a full feedforward control strategy with pre-filter is proposed. By setting a reasonable depth factor and passband width, the system can perform full feedforward only at the selected frequency and attenuate at other frequencies, so a good characteristic of grid voltage harmonic rejection is also maintained. The simulation in MATLAB/Simulink shows that the output still maintains high power factor and good sinusoidal characteristics under rich grid voltage harmonics and a certain grid inductive reactance, which verifies that the improved full feedforward strategy has good weak grid adaptability and robustness. |
19,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Indian and English Language to Sign Language Translator- an Automated Portable Two Way Communicator for Bridging Normal and Deprived Ones, and key words: Visualization, Assistive technology, Gesture recognition, Auditory system, Manuals, Mobile applications, Statistics. Abstract: Human thought are conveyed through visual manual modality. Sign languages are the kind of language that is expressed via the manual sign stream together with non -manual components. Whenever communities of deaf folks exist, sign languages have developed as handy suggests that of communication and that they kind the core of native deaf cultures. Living with a incapacity isn't simple, however the majority United Nations agency are into disability usually develop alternative heightened senses and skills, associated area unit able to live an nearly traditional life and have a heightened sense of hearing and bit, whereas the deaf and mute area unit able to browse lips and communicate mistreatment language. However most of the final population don't understand language and area unit unable to speak effectively with the deaf. Therefore the deaf realize it tough to converse with folks on daily to day basis, this issue are often solved through a smartphone application. By the application deaf and dumb folks will simply learn several languages mistreatment their convenient language severally, user will either learn in online or perhaps offline modes, additionally makes user to interactively participate and additionally provides higher level of comfort, enhances higher understanding, provides easy surroundings. The applying development is freed from value and it needs humanoid studio installation. Mobile application is absolutely adopted, can address most of the challenges facing those with hearing disorder and speech impairment. |
19,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Understanding Meaningful Participation and the Situated Use of Technology in Community Music for Active Ageing, and key words: active ageing, older adults, participation, community music, technology use, situated action. Abstract: An unfortunate tendency in previous HCI research has been to give the impression that it aims to ‘fix the problem’ of human ageing, suggesting a ‘deficit’ model of ageing or a ‘prosthetic’ model of technology. We conducted diary-aided interviews to investigate how technology use is situated in active, healthy older adults’ meaningful participation in community music. We argue that recognizing community music practices and technology use as situated action provides opportunities to grasp the subtleties of social participation and design for active ageing. We identified technology-mediated music practices, such as music sharing and revisiting, and how they evolved through the reconfiguration of connections between technology, competence, and forward-facing identities. We found that identity development, via routes such as exercising control, role transitions, and social spaces, had psychological significance and implications for active ageing. We explore how HCI leverages the perspective of active ageing and might facilitate older adults’ meaningful participation enhanced by technologies. |
19,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Temperature on Surface Discharge Characteristics of PEEK under Positive Repetitive Square Voltage, and key words: Temperature measurement, Electron traps, Insulation, Temperature, Surface discharges, Surface waves, Delay effects. Abstract: PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) and N2 are used as the frame material and insulation gas in the packaging of high voltage power electronic devices, respectively. Considering the IGBT device in normal operation, the chip will produce a large amount of Joule heat, which will increase the temperature of the insulation material in sub-modules. However, there has been no investigations on the influence of temperature on the surface discharge characteristics and mechanisms under positive repetitive square voltage (PRSV). In this paper, surface discharge current pulses and optical photos of surface streamer propagation of PEEK in N2 at different temperatures are collected under PRSV. The effects of different temperatures on discharge current pulse, charge quantities of discharge and time delay of discharge are analyzed in detail. Besides, the surface trap parameters at different polarization temperatures are measured by TSDC. The effects of temperature on the effective ionization rate, surface trap depth and densities are revealed. A reasonable model is used to explain the role of surface traps in the streamer propagation along the surface of PEEK. Besides, the time delay theory is introduced to quantitatively analyze the effect of temperature on the time delay of forward discharge (FD) and backward discharge (BD). The influence mechanism of temperature on specific pulse parameters of discharge current, time delay of discharge and charge quantities of discharge are all analyzed on the basis of the trapping and detrapping of surface electrons and ions at different temperatures. |
19,169 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.2 Gb/s/pin double data rate SDRAM with on-die-termination, and key words: SDRAM, Timing, Voltage, Clocks, Frequency, Linearity, Resistors, Random access memory, DRAM chips, Circuits. Abstract: For operating frequencies exceeding 500 MHz, the timing margin of the I/O interface is critical and requires the data input-output timing accuracy to be within 200 ps. To meet the requirement, the designed SDRAM adopts a digitally self-calibrated on-die-termination with linearity error of /spl plusmn/1% and achieves over 1.2 Gbps/pin stable operation by using window matching and latency control. The chip is fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m triple-well DRAM process. |
19,170 | Please write an abstract with title: A Recognition Method for Multi-object Information Based on Multi-source Data Fusion, and key words: Deep learning, Image recognition, Uncertainty, Automation, Neural networks, Semantics, Data integration. Abstract: The accuracy of object recognition is difficult to be improved by single information acquisition, we propose a recognition method for multi-object information based on multi-source data Fusion. By analyzing the high-level semantic features of RGB images and Depth images, feature fusion module is added, then, the calculation of parameters of the model is reduced based on the idea of residual learning. Combined with the GRU recursive neural network, a tighter feature sequence is to generated, which improved the accuracy of RGB-D object recognition. Finally, improved method has been experimented on multiple public data sets, the results show that the object recognition method in this paper integrates depth information, Compared with single RGB image, the recognition accuracy is significantly improved; Compared with other RGB-D-oriented deep learning methods, the recognition accuracy of the method in the article has been significantly improved by at least 2.5% in 2D3D dataset. |
19,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantum Volume in Practice: What Users Can Expect From NISQ Devices, and key words: Qubit, Logic gates, Benchmark testing, Measurement, Optimization, Error analysis, Computers. Abstract: Quantum volume (QV) has become the de-facto standard benchmark to quantify the capability of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While QV values are often reported by NISQ providers for their systems, we perform our own series of QV calculations on 24 NISQ devices currently offered by IBM Q, IonQ, Rigetti, Oxford Quantum Circuits, and Quantinuum (formerly Honeywell). Our approach characterizes the performances that an advanced user of these NISQ devices can expect to achieve with a reasonable amount of optimization but without white-box access to the device. In particular, we compile QV circuits to standard gate sets of the vendor using compiler optimization routines where available, and we perform experiments across different qubit subsets. We find that running QV tests requires very significant compilation cycles, QV values achieved in our tests typically lag behind officially reported results and also depend significantly on the classical compilation effort invested. |
19,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward optimal noniterative reconstruction for 3D SPECT with uniform attenuation and distance-dependent spatial resolution, and key words: Attenuation, Image reconstruction, Spatial resolution, Noise level, Reconstruction algorithms, Computed tomography, Approximation error, Image resolution, Performance analysis, Iterative methods. Abstract: When noniterative methods without adequate regularization are applied to correct for the effects of attenuation and distance-dependent spatial resolution in three-dimensional (3-D) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at clinical noise levels, they often yield images with conspicuous artifacts, thereby significantly limiting the usefulness of these reconstruction methods. In this work, we extend a regularized inverse-filtering approach that allows the incorporation of an a priori random image field of nonzero mean, as well as an estimated noise level of the SPECT data, for effective suppression of noise and artifacts without significantly compromising the resolution. Our results indicate that the proposed approach can substantially improve the visual quality and the quantitative accuracy of 3-D SPECT images. In combination with its speed advantage, the proposed method may be useful in 3-D SPECT clinical applications. |
19,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Microfluidic droplet-based high-throughput screening of filamentous fungi, and key words: Fungi, Proteins, Genetics, Libraries, Sensors, Research and development, Microfluidics. Abstract: Filamentous fungi are an extremely essential source of industrial enzymes due to their capacity to secrete large quantities of proteins. Creating knockout mutants in filamentous fungi is typically needed to understand the functions of their genes as well as to utilize such information to develop phenotypes with improved capabilities. However, the process of identifying a true knockout mutant requires screening of a large number of genetic transformants. Here, we developed a droplet microfluidics-based single-cell-resolution high-throughput screening strategy to select and isolate filamentous fungal transformants that are true knockouts mutants. The successful proof-of-concept assays demonstrated here make this platform ready for high-throughput filamentous fungal screening to facilitate filamentous fungi research and development of them as microbial bioproduction platforms. |
19,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayered Microfluidic Device for Controllable Flow Perfusion of Gut-Liver on a Chip, and key words: Drugs, Soft lithography, In vivo, Liver diseases, Transportation, Micropumps, Physiology. Abstract: Gut-liver-on-chip is useful as an in vitro model to predict drug absorption and metabolism, and to elucidate physiological mechanisms. While understanding of complex gut-live interactions requires both physiologically relevant medium perfusions and organotypic structure, none of the gut-liver-on-chip filling above requirements have been realized in a single chip. Here, we report a novel multilayered microfluidic device to reproduce the gut-liver interaction. To realize the physiological environment in vivo more realistically, compartmentalized perfusable cell chambers with a porous membrane and on-chip micropump were monolithically embedded in a single chip by means of multilayer soft lithography. Our experiments highlight that the present device can improve cell viabilities and recapitulate the gut-liver interaction, which allow to obtain deeper insights into the underlying liver disease. |
19,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Roots of Equiripple Insertion-Loss Functions for Commensurate Line Filters, and key words: Phase measurement, Microwave frequencies, Microwave filters, Microwave measurements, Frequency measurement, UHF measurements, Network address translation, Closed-form solution, Roundoff errors, Cutoff frequency. Abstract: A technique is presented to find the roots of low-pass equiripple insertion-loss functions realizable by commensurate line filters containing stubs as well as the unit elements. The technique is akin to closed form solution in that the roundoff errors of one root do not affect the rest of the roots. Results of a numerical example illustrate the practical advantage of this technique. |
19,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Winding Temperature Rise Field Synergy Analysis of Nano-two-phase Magnetic Fluid Transformer, and key words: Analytical models, Electromagnetic heating, Cooling, Oils, Windings, Magnetic liquids, Oil insulation. Abstract: Due to the high thermal conductivity of nanometer two-phase magnetic fluid, the transmission and overload operation capacity of transformer products can be greatly improved. Heat transfer characteristics and application of nanometer two-phase magnetic fluid with high stability in alternating magnetic field is an interdisciplinary subject involving electromagnetism, fluid mechanics, heat transfer and nanotechnology. However, scholars at home and abroad are still in the experimental stage, and it is difficult to produce research techniques for single-phase, low-power samples. Therefore, this paper takes a 50MVA, 110kV transformer as an example to design a variety of winding cooling structures. The mechanism of improving the heat dissipation performance of the system is studied by using the method of multi-field cooperative analysis. The temperature rise distribution before and after the application of nanometer two-phase magnetic fluid in winding cooling medium is numerically calculated and analyzed. The design theory of the new cooling structure is established. |
19,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Response Time Analysis of Lazy Round Robin, and key words: Upper bound, Runtime, Embedded systems, Real-time systems, Scheduling, Time factors, Round robin. Abstract: The Round Robin scheduling policy is used in many real-time embedded systems because of its simplicity and low overhead. In this paper, we study a variation of Round Robin used in practical systems, named Lazy Round Robin, which is simpler to implement and has lower runtime overhead than ordinary Round Robin. The key difference between Round Robin and Lazy Round Robin lies in when the scheduler reacts to newly released task instances. The Round Robin scheduler checks whether a newly released task instance is eligible for execution in the remaining part of the current round, while the Lazy Round Robin scheduler does not react to any task release until the end of the current round. This paper develops techniques to calculate upper bounds of response time of tasks scheduled by Lazy Round Robin. Experiments are conducted to evaluate our analysis techniques and compare the real-time performance of Round Robin and Lazy Round Robin. |
19,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Travel Time by Vehicle Type on Unobserved and Observed Links with Limited Detector Data from Different Sources, and key words: Estimation, Detectors, Data models, Optimization, Intelligent transportation systems, Accidents. Abstract: Estimating travel time by vehicle type is challenging, particularly for an expressway corridor with limited data on different vehicle types. In practice, path travel time is collected by automatic vehicle identification (AVI) detectors, which can differentiate vehicle types and is installed on expressways with comparative longer spacing. Additionally, while link travel times for all vehicles may be available for links equipped with point detectors, in reality, the number of observed links is limited. Most current methods focus on estimating the travel times of site-specific links or paths without classifying vehicle type. Few attempts have been made to estimate travel times by vehicle type on observed links in a long study corridor or path with very limited detector data on observed links from different sources. Therefore, this paper proposes a quadratic optimization model that makes full use of both AVI and point detectors and estimates the travel time by vehicle type on both the observed and unobserved links along the expressway concerned. A case study using real-world data from Hong Kong is presented to show the merits of the proposed modeling approach. The estimation results are satisfactory and robust in different scenarios. |
19,179 | Please write an abstract with title: Dyakonov Surface Waves in Twisted Confined Media, and key words: Laser theory, Surface waves, Rectangular waveguides, Surface emitting lasers, Waveguide theory, Waveguide lasers, Media. Abstract: We theoretically predict the existence of Dyakonov-like surface waveguide modes in the planar interfacial waveguide between two uniaxial dielectrics and Dyakonov surface cavity modes in the interface of two anisotropic dielectrics with rectangular cross-sections. |
19,180 | Please write an abstract with title: Delay-Aware Resource Management for Multi-Service Coexisting LTE-D2D Networks With Wireless Network Virtualization, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Optimization, Resource management, Virtualization, Delays, Wireless networks. Abstract: To satisfy the rapid growth of data service demands on the limited spectrum resources, wireless network virtualization (WNV) has been proposed as a promising technology in the future wireless networks. Meanwhile, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, as an underlay to cellular networks, is also a proposed solution to promote the spectrum efficiency. However, it is a challenge to design an appropriate virtual resource slicing strategy among different wireless service providers in the two-tier LTE-D2D networks. In this paper, considering dynamic traffic arrivals and time-varying channel conditions, the virtualized resource management in the multi-service coexisting LTE-D2D networks is formulated into a multi-objective stochastic optimization problem. Leveraging on weighted Tchebycheff approach and Lyapunov optimization technique, the multi-objective stochastic optimization problem can be transformed into a delay-aware optimization problem, which is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and can be transformed into a convex one by a series of reformulation. A distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to obtain a close-to-optimal solution with a lower computational complexity. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a performance-delay tradeoff related to the control factor V with at most 0.2% performance loss compared with the optimal solution. |
19,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Emotional Understanding Skills Training Using Educational Computer Game in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Case Study, and key words: Training, Emotion recognition, Autism, Visualization, Electronic learning, Target recognition, Medical treatment. Abstract: The paper presents the results of Educational computer's game application for social skills training by recognizing and naming emotions in children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The educational computer game was developed on the basis of the ability model of Emotional intelligence. The main target of the game is to develop skills in children with ASD for emotional recognition, understanding and naming using story-based (plot) pictures and emoticons. The educational computer game was incorporated in the e-learning platform Moodle. The paper presents a case of a child with ASD and the results from a repeated application of the game. An analysis was made of the upgrading the skills for recognizing the emotions by counting the mistakes, searching for additional information, correct and false attempts in the individual modules of the game as well as the time for completing the tasks. Additionally, a survey for the parents was applied to collect information about the behavior of the child, his interest in the game and his motivation. The results show the need for short instruction, use of simple words and the game's positive effect on recognizing emotions. |
19,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Inference via Deep Learning as a Service without Privacy Leakage, and key words: Deep learning, COVID-19, Cloud computing, Privacy, Data privacy, Protocols, Computational modeling. Abstract: Cloud computing plays an important role in many applications today. There is a lot of machine learning as a service that provides models for users’ prediction online. However, in many problems which involve healthcare or finances, the privacy of the data that sends from users to the cloud server needs to be considered. Machine learning as a service application does not only require accurate predictions but also ensures data privacy and security. In this paper, we present a novel secure protocol that ensures to compute a scalar product of two real number vectors without revealing the origin of themselves. The scalar product is the most common operation that used in the deep neural network so that our proposed protocol can be used to allow a data owner to send her data to a cloud service that hosts a deep model to get a prediction of input data. We show that the cloud service is capable of applying the neural network to make predictions without knowledge of the user’s original data. We demonstrate our proposed protocol on an image benchmark dataset MNIST and an real life application dataset - COVID-19. The results show that our model can achieve 98.8% accuracy on MNIST and 95.02% on COVID-19 dataset with very simple network architecture and nearly no reduction in accuracy when compares with the original model. Moreover, the proposed system can make around 120000 predictions per hour on a single PC with low resources. Therefore, they allow high throughput, accurate, and private predictions. |
19,183 | Please write an abstract with title: A Computer Simulation to Analyze the Cost-Benefit of Solar Air Cooling: Case Study for Jordan, and key words: Economics, Greenhouse effect, Adsorption, Oils, Tariffs, Software, Fossil fuels, Climate change. Abstract: There is a high priority to the energy supply in Jordan because it depends mainly on the imported oil to meet the demand for energy. To meet this demand, a Vapor Compression Cooling (VCC) is generally used in the cooling of air conditioning. The technology of Solar Cooling of Air SCA was used in this work to minimize the consumption of energy in Jordan, as well as to minimize the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) that accompanies the burning of fossil fuel during the consumption of energy. The economic feasibility was analyzed in this work which has been done on the two scenarios of the system used. The RETScreen® software was used to perform the economic analysis of the proposed scenarios. The simulations results showed the relevance of the economic feasibility with a tariff of electricity, this is in addition to the reduction of emission compared with those (VCC) use electricity. |
19,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Growing Spatial Graph Networks for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction, and key words: Trajectory, Predictive models, Logic gates, Task analysis, Dynamics, Data models, Adaptation models. Abstract: Intelligent vehicles and social robots need to navigate in crowded environments while avoiding collisions with pedestrians. To achieve this, pedestrian trajectory prediction is essential. However, predicting pedestrians' trajectory in crowded environments is nontrivial as human-to-human interactions among the crowd participants influence their motion. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end graph-centric gated learning model to estimate the existence of interactions between individuals. Accordingly, the model predicts pedestrians' future locations and velocities. Recent methods based on LSTM networks used thresholding techniques to define neighborhood boundaries and relationships. Other graph-structured methods grow edges in polynomial size. In contrast, our graph-based GRU network model employs an online data-driven criterion that can learn from interactions and grow connections between pedestrian nodes. The proposed model yields outperforming prediction accuracy over state-of-the-art works in two public datasets, i.e. Crowds and SDD. |
19,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Apodizable integrated filters for coarse WDM and FTTH-type applications, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Holography, Passband, Holographic optical components, Optical fiber subscriber loops, Optical filters, Fabrication, Insertion loss, Optical fiber filters, Circuits. Abstract: A dual-channel integrated multiplexer, based on holographic Bragg reflector (HBR) devices and exhibiting flat-top, 4-nm-wide channels is demonstrated. Theory calibrated by the achieved performance indicates that HBR waveguide grating devices can be implemented to provide fully integrated and high-performance multiplexer solutions for CWDM and FTTH applications. |
19,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Caching policy assisted multicast patching for video streaming on-demand server, and key words: Streaming media, Multicast algorithms, Network servers, Unicast, Video on demand, Bandwidth, Costs, Content based retrieval, Resource management, Asset management. Abstract: Video streaming on-demand servers are characterized by stringent real-time constraints, as each video stream requires isochronous data playout. With heavily skewed access patterns to the stored video content, the VOD system is often disk arm-bound. In such cases, serving video streams from a memory cache can result in a substantial reduction in server cost. With the falling prices of the memory, buffering and caching becomes an efficient method to reduce the required disk bandwidth. Most of the existing caching policies for video streaming on-demand server are designed in the context of unicast; however, using unicast will overload both network and server. Caching policies assisted with multicast will be more efficient and more scalable. Thus almost all extant caching algorithms are not suitable to be applied in actual multicast systems. In this paper we advance a new caching policy, which has fully combined the characteristics of an efficient multicast algorithm, for VOD server. This caching policy is very efficient, owing to a novel concept of entity and a unique caching gain function. |
19,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Bidding strategies in oligopolistic dynamic electricity double-sided auctions, and key words: Electricity supply industry, Power system modeling, Supply and demand, Power system dynamics, Power system stability, Power generation, Scheduling, Power supplies, Contracts, Resource management. Abstract: In this paper, the problem of developing bidding strategies in oligopolistic dynamic electricity double-sided auctions is studied. We model electricity double-sided auctions as dynamic systems and use Nash-Cournot strategies for the market participants (generating firms and load serving entities). Through simulation studies, we compare the efficiency and competitiveness of electricity double-sided auctions to those of electricity supplier-only auctions (using the developed bidding strategies). |
19,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Directing Incoming CS Students to an Appropriate Introductory Computer Science Course, and key words: Programming, Programming profession, Acceleration, Standards, Writing, Python, Problem-solving. Abstract: Full Paper. Research. We discuss possible ways to direct students to right level of introductory programming. While many schools offer college preparatory or advanced placement courses in computing, there is still, unfortunately, a large part of the "college-ready" population that has no opportunity to learn computing at all before they arrive. Regulation of CS education at the state/province or national level is still rare (but growing). Thus incoming students possess a wide range of skills and knowledge. When coupled with increasing enrollments, this diversity of experience can result in courses having large numbers of both absolute beginners and seasoned coders. Such courses are difficult to teach, intimidate novice students, and bore those with more experience. This can result in low engagement and retention.Unlike mathematics and language arts, introductory courses in CS vary widely from one institution to another in both conceptual material and programming language used. A standard point of entry to college mathematics is a calculus course, with some students instead starting earlier with pre-calculus or an algebra refresher, and others starting out in the second-term calculus course. There is rarely a concern about student skill being hidden by notational or other language differences, because the language of mathematics is close to universal. Similarly, freshman language arts courses in reading and/or writing assume a certain level of skill and maturity of comprehension and expressiveness in the target language; otherwise remedial courses are provided.We investigate placement of incoming first year students into appropriate introductory computer science courses at higher education institutions where there is more than one choice of first course. The goal is to determine the best way to decide which first course would be the most helpful for each student. |
19,189 | Please write an abstract with title: An Energy-Saving Optical Comb Generator by Deeply Driven MZM and Multi-Stage Phase Modulators, and key words: Energy consumption, Phase modulation, Electrooptic modulators, Europe, Bandwidth, Generators, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We demonstrate a flat comb generator cascading multi-stage phase modulator to an MZM and reusing driving signals. It efficiently broadens bandwidth reducing energy consumptions because the MZM for spectral flattening also enhances the bandwidth and driving signals are reused. 37×25-GHz ultra-wideband combs are experimentally generated. |
19,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Scalable Graph Convolutional Network based Link Prediction on a Distributed Graph Database Server, and key words: Training, Cloud computing, Social networking (online), Scheduling algorithms, Distributed databases, Prediction algorithms, Servers. Abstract: Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) have become a popular means of performing link prediction due to the high accuracy offered by them. However, scaling such link prediction into large graphs of billions of vertices and edges with rich types of attributes is a significant issue to be addressed due to the storage and computation limitations of the machines. In this paper we present a scalable link prediction approach which conducts GCN training and link prediction on top of a distributed graph database server called JasmineGraph. We partition graph data and persist them in multiple workers. We implement parallel graph node embedding generation using GraphSAGE algorithm in multiple workers. Our approach avoids facing performance bottlenecks in GCN training using an intelligent scheduling algorithm. We show our approach scales well with an increasing number of partitions (2,4,8, and 16) using four real world data sets called Twitter, Amazon, Reddit, and DBLP-V11. JasmineGraph was able to train a GCN from the largest dataset DBLP-V11 (> 9.3GB) in 11 hours and 40 minutes time using 16 workers on a single server while the original GraphSAGE implementation could not process it at all. The original GraphSAGE implementation processed the second largest dataset Reddit in 238 minutes while JasmineGraph took only 100 minutes on the same hardware with 16 workers leading to 2.4 times improved performance. |
19,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Multivariate Analysis of Formalin Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and key words: Spectroscopy, Correlation, Wavelength measurement, Estimation, Tools, Food products, Principal component analysis. Abstract: An investigation on formaldehyde detection using UV-Vis spectrophotometer has been explored in this work. A 37 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde known as formalin is categorized as potential carcinogen and a threat to human health. Formalin is a widely used food adulterant and excessive consumptions may adversely affect lifespan. In this study different concentrations of formalin solutions were prepared and examined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. During the experiment the absorbance spectra were recorded by UV Probe user interface within the wavelength range of 200400 nm. The absorbance peak obtained at a wavelength of 207 nm depicted a linear relation with concentration variation from $500-1000 \mu \mathrm{M}$. The qualitative data analysis tool, principal component analysis (PCA) was implemented and a successful data clustering was observed between four different concentrations $1000 \mu \mathrm{M}, 400 \mu \mathrm{M}, 200 \mu \mathrm{M}$ and $20 \mu \mathrm{M}$. A high measure of class separability index (SI) 87.7 was obtained from the PCA analysis. The quantitative estimation of formalin concentrations $1000 \mu \mathrm{M}, 400 \mu \mathrm{M}, 200 \mu \mathrm{M}$ and $20 \mu \mathrm{M}$ was carried out using partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis and principal component regression (PCR). In PLSR, the prediction analysis provided a high correlation factor 0.98 and a high average prediction accuracy of 84% while in case of PCR the correlation factor was 0.97 and average prediction accuracy was obtained as 83.4%. The experimental observations suggest that the UV-Vis technique may be applicable for qualitative analysis of formalin in food products. |
19,192 | Please write an abstract with title: 16.7 A 40MHz-BW 76.2dB/78.0dB SNDR/DR Noise-Shaping Nonuniform Sampling ADC with Single Phase-Domain Level Crossing and Embedded Nonuniform Digital Signal Processor in 28nm CMOS, and key words: Quantization (signal), Modulation, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Nonuniform sampling, Semiconductor device measurement, Clocks, Frequency measurement. Abstract: A low-power, wide-bandwidth, and high-dynamic-range (DR) ADC is one of the critical building blocks in a wireless receiver design, in which a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CT DSM) has become a popular choice. However, the demand for a wider bandwidth has increased the sampling rate, F<sub>s</sub>, which requires high-speed and highly linear analog building blocks, and excess loop delay compensation (ELDC) [1]. Reducing the over-sampling ratio can relax these requirements, but it results in more quantization levels and high-order noise shaping (NS). The feedback DAC often becomes a design challenge, as its distortion degrades ADC performance and can require linearization and higher supply voltage [2]-[4]. To avoid these issues, this work proposes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based noise-shaping nonuniform sampling (NUS) ADC architecture, including an NUS modulator and a nonuniform digital signal processor (NU DSP). By leveraging the unique property of NUS [5], the spectral aliasing on the quantization error is independent of the actual average sampling rate, F<sub>s,</sub><sub>avg</sub>. Thus, the quantization error can be shaped to a frequency much higher than F<sub>s,</sub><sub>avg</sub> and later filtered by NU DSP. Achieving similar SNDR as CT DSM, the proposed architecture only requires first-order NS, enabling open-loop architecture without stability and ELD issues. The NUS modulator is mostly digital architecture without amplifiers, a reference voltage generator, and DACs, which is suitable for technology scaling. A proof-of-concept prototype has been fabricated in 28nm CMOS, achieving a peak SNDR/DR of 76.2dB/78.0dB over a 40MHz BW with a Walden FoMw of 41.5fJ/conv-step and a Schreier FoMs of 169.8dB/171.6dB (in SNDR/DR). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first NS ADC prototype to integrate both an NUS modulator and an NU DSP on chip, generating uniform digital outputs from nonuniformly sampled analog input signals. |
19,193 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterizing and Understanding HGNNs on GPUs, and key words: Kernel, Semantics, Aggregates, Mercury (metals), Motion pictures, Graphics processing units, Electric breakdown. Abstract: Heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) deliver powerful capacity in heterogeneous graph representation learning. The execution of HGNNs is usually accelerated by GPUs. Therefore, characterizing and understanding the execution pattern of HGNNs on GPUs is important for both software and hardware optimizations. Unfortunately, there is no detailed characterization effort of HGNN workloads on GPUs. In this paper, we characterize HGNN workloads at inference phase and explore the execution of HGNNs on GPU, to disclose the execution semantic and execution pattern of HGNNs. Given the characterization and exploration, we propose several useful guidelines for both software and hardware optimizations for the efficient execution of HGNNs on GPUs. |
19,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Transmission via Stratospheric Drone, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Packet loss, Communication channels, Software, Data models, Data communication, Predictive analytics. Abstract: For the first time, the operation of a two-way line-of-sight communication channel for a ground base station with a stratospheric drone was modeled, which is connected directly and through a low-altitude Remotely Piloted Air Systems to the cellular network users. Original models were created to simulate data exchange using the NetCracker software taking into account a different number of users. The dependences of the average load of the “Base Station - Stratospheric Drone” channel on the size of transmitted packets, data transmission rate, the number of bit errors and the probability of data packet loss are obtained. |
19,195 | Please write an abstract with title: Are Scoring Feedback of CAPT Systems Helpful for Pronunciation Correction? –An Exception of Mandarin Nasal Finals, and key words: Training, Market research, Annotations, Acoustics, Acoustic measurements, Standards. Abstract: The scoring feedback of Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems facilitate learner's instant awareness of their problems, easily lead to more practices. But whether it is enough to instruct the learners to understand how to correct their errors is still unknown. To see in depth, the impacts from CAPT technology on language learning, and to investigate learner's correction strategy after receiving error warnings, this paper studies long term learning data of Chinese utterances by a number of CSL (Chinese as a Second Language) learners, with special efforts paid to the utterances of nasal Finals. The data resulted from a 3-week use of a CAPT APP, called “SAIT” for Chinese learning, by 10 learners with different mother tongues. Major findings include: 1) Improvements were seen with almost all kinds of phonemes, except nasal Finals; 2) Data analyses showed that the learners had tried to lengthen the nasal codas after they received error warnings, while Chinese native data shows a significant nasalization period before a short coda. These results suggest that the scoring feedback can be beneficial to pronunciation training in most cases, except for some special ones. For the sounds such as Chinese nasal Finals, more appropriate feedback method is desired. |
19,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical characterization and modelling of high-performance SON DG MOSFETs, and key words: MOSFETs, Threshold voltage, Silicon, Etching, Potential well, Ballistic transport, Semiconductor films, Semiconductor process modeling, Bridge circuits, Epitaxial growth. Abstract: The electrical performances of highly scaled double-gate (DG) MOS transistors fabricated using a silicon-on-nothing (SON) process are presented. Very high drive current, high immunity to short-channel effects and perfect electrostatic integrity are obtained for ultra-thin and ultra-short devices, with silicon thicknesses down to 10 nm and channel lengths down to 30 nm. In addition, a dedicated compact modeling of the threshold voltage is proposed, taking into account short-channel effects, quantum mechanical confinement effects and temperature dependence. Finally, the impact of these confinement effects and ballistic transport on the operation of such ultimate devices is investigated using 2D quantum-mechanical simulations. |
19,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of the time-dependent reliability fallout as a function of yield for a 130nm SRAM device and application to optimize production burn-in, and key words: Random access memory, Production, Testing, Voltage, Acceleration, Semiconductor device manufacture, Predictive models, Semiconductor device modeling, CMOS technology, Costs. Abstract: A model is presented to optimize burn-in time based on product yield. A relationship between yield and reliability is developed and demonstrated with tests on a 130nm SRAM test device. Voltage and thermal acceleration are added to this model to appropriately scale predictions to product use conditions. High-voltage test screening is found to have a similar effect as burn-in in reducing infant mortality and thus can also be incorporated into this model. A conditional reliability model is needed to model the effects of both burn-in and high-voltage screening; these effects cannot be modeled as if they simply reduce the defectivity of the population. This approach can be used to predict the amount of high-voltage test screening and burn-in needed in order to qualify a production device built with the same technology. |
19,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Real time Design of PID Controller for Process control system, and key words: Tuning, Process control, Level control, Steady-state, Valves, Oscillators, Liquids. Abstract: In this paper, usefulness of PID type controller in real time application of process control plant is presented. Further, various existing techniques for tuning of PID controller has been discussed. Finally, design of PID controller has been carried out using Good gain method for liquid level control systems and it is shown that Good gain method is better than Ziegler Nichols approach of tuning. |
19,199 | Please write an abstract with title: An effective method for text line segmentation in historical document images, and key words: Degradation, Image segmentation, Adaptation models, Layout, Writing, Cost function, Path planning. Abstract: In this paper, we present a text-line segmentation method for historical documents. Historical documents are challenging given their characteristics of highly degradation, writing style variation and diacritics. From these observations, we proposed an effective approach for text line segmentation by analysing the properties of document layouts. We combine the idea of seam carving method with the novel cost functions to accurately split text lines. Experiments were conducted on two challenging datasets of historical documents, namely the DIVA-HisDB dataset and our ChamDoc dataset. Our methods provided good results on the DIVA-HisDB dataset with 99.36% of Line IU and 98.86% of Pixel IU. On the ChamDoc dataset, the proposed method outperformed the two baseline approaches i.e. seam carving-based and A* path planning by a large margin. |
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