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19,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated logic - Static induction transistor logic, and key words: Logic circuits, Solid state circuits, Fabrication, Epitaxial layers, Oxidation, Lithography, Electrons, Bipolar transistors, Solid state circuit design, Delay effects. Abstract: SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS are designed to minimize both delay time and operational power. The product of these is thought to be constant, represented by a specific figure for each type of integrated circuit. The 12L structure has been shown to operate with the lowest switching energy’. The power efficiency of the Vertical Injection Logic (VIL) structure shows a further improvement, by a factor of two. However, its fabrication requires the use of 7-8 masks’. A new logic circuit structure is proposed - Static Induction Transistor Logic (SITL) - utilizing the static induction transistor ( SIT)3. This logic circuit permits a further reduction in the power-delay time product (theoretically 6 x and experimentally, one order of magnitude). In the case of 12L, it is made by a 3 or 4-mask technology. The packing density can be as high as 1000 gates/cm2 |
19,201 | Please write an abstract with title: A Computation Task Offloading Scheme based on Mobile-Cloud and Edge Computing for WBANs, and key words: Wireless communication, Cloud computing, Costs, Multi-access edge computing, Simulation, Medical services, Body area networks. Abstract: The rapid development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has brought revolutionary changes to the healthcare system. However, due to the shortcomings of the sink node with limited energy resource and computing capability, it is difficult to handle all computation tasks effectively and timely. The emergence of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) may provide a potential and efficient solution. Therefore, we devote this paper to developing a computation task offloading scheme based on MCC and MEC for WBANs. Technically, we first propose a three-tier system model with one Remote Cloud Server (RCS), several Mobile Edge Servers (MESs) and multiple WBAN users. Then, an optimization problem with the objective to minimize the total cost in terms of the energy consumption and the delay is formulated. In order to solve the problem, we next investigate a Computation Task Offloading Scheme based on Differential Evolution algorithm, called CTOS-DE. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed CTOS-DE scheme can provide a best computation task offloading decision in terms of the total cost and load balancing. |
19,202 | Please write an abstract with title: New Perspectives on the Use of Online Learning for Congestion Level Prediction over Traffic Data, and key words: Learning systems, Roads, Time series analysis, Predictive models, Deep learning, Forecasting, Estimation. Abstract: This work focuses on classification over time series data. When a time series is generated by non-stationary phenomena, the pattern relating the series with the class to be predicted may evolve over time (concept drift). Consequently, predictive models aimed to learn this pattern may become eventually obsolete, hence failing to sustain performance levels of practical use. To overcome this model degradation, online learning methods incrementally learn from new data samples arriving over time, and accommodate eventual changes along the data stream by implementing assorted concept drift strategies. In this manuscript we elaborate on the suitability of online learning methods to predict the road congestion level based on traffic speed time series data. We draw interesting insights on the performance degradation when the forecasting horizon is increased. As opposed to what is done in most literature, we provide evidence of the importance of assessing the distribution of classes over time before designing and tuning the learning model. This previous exercise may give a hint of the predictability of the different congestion levels under target. Experimental results are discussed over real traffic speed data captured by inductive loops deployed over Seattle (USA). Several online learning methods are analyzed, from traditional incremental learning algorithms to more elaborated deep learning models. As shown by the reported results, when increasing the prediction horizon, the performance of all models degrade severely due to the distribution of classes along time, which supports our claim about the importance of analyzing this distribution prior to the design of the model. |
19,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive Analysis of Business Processes Using Neural Networks with Attention Mechanism, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Companies, Task analysis, Predictive models, Unified modeling language. Abstract: The analysis of ongoing processes is an important task in business process management. This is not surprising, since (e.g.) being able to predict future events in processes enables companies to intervene at an early stage if deviations from a desired workflow are likely to occur. Subsequently, errors and associated financial losses can be prevented or avoided. A common basis for being able to predict future events is a sequence of previous events that are typically stored in a socalled event log. In this work we present a neural network with attention mechanism, which is trained using publicly available event logs (e.g. BPI Challenge 2013). Furthermore, we elaborate the proposed model with an extensive dataset of events of a worldwide known German software company. In addition to promising results (e.g.) with regard to n-gram models, the training time of the proposed model is shorter than that of typical reference models such as neural networks with a long short-term memory architecture (LSTM). |
19,204 | Please write an abstract with title: Formulation of BLE Throughput Based on Node and Link Parameters, and key words: Throughput, Advertising, Internet of Things, Bluetooth, Wireless communication, Analytical models, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: We present a novel scheme to formulate the throughput and the average number of successfully transmitted packets in a multinode Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) platform during each connection event. In this scheme, the wireless link is considered to be error prone which leads to the existence of uncorrelated bit error. Our proposed scheme considers factors that cause a connection event to close. The effect of master’s scheduling algorithm and BLE parameters on this scheme are also discussed to establish a comprehensive study on finding the throughput of a peripheral node in a BLE network. It is clear that an analytical model to formulate the throughput of a node offers a beneficial guideline for understanding the BLE throughput and ultimately the types of applications for which BLE technology would be a suitable option. We performed extensive experiments on the BLE v4.2 platform to investigate the throughput of a BLE node in a multipacket data transmission during a connection event. The results of our experimental study show some of the deficiencies that exist in the existing BLE devices such as the limitation on the maximum allowable packets during a connection event or the design of the scheduling process used by the central node. |
19,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Alarm performance retention via Web-base diagnostic platform, and key words: Alarm systems, Distributed control, Management training, Technology management, Data warehouses, Health and safety, Cities and towns, Web and internet services, Costs, Accidents. Abstract: A framework for improving alarm performance is proposed and a more detailed flowchart is also described in this paper. Alarm systems are complicated and the improvement requires long-term efforts. The proposed procedure has reduced unnecessary alarms effectively. The architecture of an Internet service is also proposed |
19,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a system for access to and exploitation of medical images, and key words: Biomedical imaging, Medical diagnostic imaging, Information systems, Image storage, Image edge detection, Hospitals, Picture archiving and communication systems, Telemedicine, DICOM, Image generation. Abstract: This article describes a system for the acquisition, storage and secure remote access to information generated by a hospital's devices for image diagnosis. The system allows the experts of a medical centre to recover and manage information. Our solution also makes it possible to obtain more elaborate results, thanks to the implemented functionalities of image analysis (edge detectors, clustering algorithms, etc.) and the storage of historical diagnosis results that give a certain experience to the application. |
19,207 | Please write an abstract with title: GROVE: A Cost-Efficient Green Radio Over Ethernet Architecture for Next Generation Radio Access Networks, and key words: Computer architecture, Ethernet, Routing, Green products, Next generation networking, Load modeling, Energy consumption. Abstract: Centralized/Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) comes into prominence to reduce the rising energy consumptions and maintenance difficulties of the next-generation networks. However, C-RAN has strict delay requirements, and it needs large fronthaul bandwidth. Function splitting and Radio over Ethernet are two promising approaches to reduce these drawbacks of the C-RAN architecture. Meanwhile, the usage of renewable energy sources (RESs) in a C-RAN boosts the energy-efficiency potential of this network. In this article, we propose a novel model, which is called Green Radio OVer Ethernet (GROVE), that merges these three approaches to maximize the benefits of C-RAN while maintaining the economic feasibility of this architecture. We briefly explain this model and formulate an operational expenditure minimization problem by considering the several restrictions due to the network design and the service provisioning. Then we linearize the quadratic routing decision constraints in the problem to solve it with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver. Results show that it is cost-effective to choose routing, function splitting, and RES decisions together. Our solution surpasses classical disjoint approaches for all studied cases. Besides, we provide a network scalability analysis to determine the MILP solver's limits for larger network topologies. |
19,208 | Please write an abstract with title: The threshold effect in modulation systems that expand bandwidth, and key words: Bandwidth, Baseband, Signal to noise ratio, Communication systems, Speech analysis, TV, Power engineering computing, Telephony, Laboratories, Modular construction. Abstract: This paper presents curves which are believed to represent the best thresholds obtainable with practical modulators that expand bandwidth and operate instantaneously on the baseband signal. The model from which the curves are obtained is described in detail. |
19,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Transient Response Caused by Power Supply on JT-60SA Central Solenoid, and key words: Voltage, Power supplies, Conductors, Resonant frequency, Transient response, Voltage measurement, Insulation. Abstract: The JT-60SA power supply of the central solenoid (CS) module contains multiple frequency components, and the transient response phenomenon and the resonance phenomenon cause the voltage non-uniformity in the CS. There is thus a possibility that a local voltage between the conductors that is larger than the withstand voltage of the insulation between conductors will be occurred, and the insulation is damaged. Therefore, an estimation of the transient response phenomenon and the resonance phenomenon is important for verifying that the CS is electrically stable. In the present study, the power supply voltage of the JT-60SA CS module was measured, and the effect of the transient response and the resonance phenomenon on the voltage between CS conductors was evaluated using an analysis model that included CS (four modules), the current lead between the power supply and the CS, and the structures surrounding the CS. The simulation results show that when the actual power supply is applied to the CS, the maximum voltage between CS conductors affected by the transient response and the resonance phenomenon is lower than the withstand voltage of the insulation between CS conductors. The results of our analyses provide fundamental data that can be used to estimate the voltage distribution in the CS and thus ensure the electrical stability. |
19,210 | Please write an abstract with title: A monocular vision-based occupant classification approach for smart airbag deployment, and key words: Stereo vision, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Road safety, Image representation, Vehicle crash testing, Air safety, Sensor systems, Lighting, Vehicle safety. Abstract: Occupant classification is essential to a smart airbag system that can either turn off or deploy in a less harmful way according to the type of the occupants in the front seat. This paper presents a monocular vision-based occupant classification approach to classify the occupants into five categories including empty seats, adults in normal position, adults out of position, front-facing child/infant seats, and rear-facing infant seats. The proposed approach consists of image representation and pattern classification. The image representation step computes Haar wavelets and edge features from the monochrome video frames. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier next determines the occupant category based on the representative features. We have tested our approach on a large variety of indoor and outdoor images acquired under various illumination conditions for occupants with different appearances, sizes and shapes. With a strict occupant exclusive training/testing split, our approach has achieved an average correct classification rate of 97.18% among the five occupant categories. |
19,211 | Please write an abstract with title: A new method to calculate equivalent circuit parameters of induction generator with dual windings, and key words: Equivalent circuits, Induction generators, Magnetic fields, Coupling circuits, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic circuits, Power supplies, Control system synthesis, Power system modeling, Induction motors. Abstract: The accuracy prediction for the performance of an induction generator depends much on the parameters of the equivalent circuit. This paper presents an innovative way for calculating the parameters of induction generator with double windings. The method is based on 2D time-dependent magnetic field coupled with electric circuit. An application example of a 12/3-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach. Some of calculated results show good agreement with the experiment values. |
19,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Clustering and Ranking from Heterogeneous Pairwise Comparisons, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Reliability theory, Task analysis, Information theory. Abstract: In this paper, the joint clustering and ranking problem is studied. Assume that there are items that belong to several communities and are compared in a pairwise manner repeatedly. The task is to identify the community each item belongs to and to give a consistent preference ordering of the items in each community. A statistical model called “Cluster-BTL” is proposed to model the difference between inter-community and intra-community comparisons. Such a difference is called “heterogeneity” throughout this paper, and we are interested in how the heterogeneity level affects the joint clustering and ranking problem. In this work, we characterize the fundamental limit on the heterogeneity level and the number of comparisons for reliable joint clustering and ranking. The converse part is proved by a Fano-type argument. For the achievability part, a polynomial-time algorithm that combines the Borda counting algorithm and the SDP based method is developed. |
19,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Reconfiguration of Redundant Haptic Interfaces for Rendering Soft and Hard Contacts, and key words: Haptic interfaces, User interfaces, Redundancy, Force feedback, Friction, Actuators. Abstract: There are conflicting objectives between required characteristics of haptic interfaces such as maximum force feedback capability versus back-drive friction, which can be optimally traded-off in a redundant haptic interface; a redundant haptic interface has more degrees of freedom than minimally required ones for a given task. In this article, a contact-aware null-space control approach for redundant haptic interfaces is proposed to address these trade-offs. First, we introduce a task-dependent null-space controller in which the internal motion of the redundant haptic interface is appropriately controlled to achieve a desired performance; i.e., low back-drive friction in case of free-space motion and soft contact or large force feedback capability in case of stiff contact. Next, a transition method is developed to facilitate the adaptation of the null-space controller's varying objectives according to the varying nature of the task. The transition method prevents discontinuities in the null-space control signal. This transition method is informed by a proposed actuator saturation observer that monitors the distance of joint torques from their saturation levels. The overall outcome is an ability to recreate the feelings of soft contacts and hard contacts with higher fidelity compared to what a conventional non-redundant haptic interface can achieve. Simulations are provided throughout the paper to illustrate the concepts. Moreover, experimental results are reported to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. It is shown that the proposed controller can perform well in the soft-contact, hard-contact, and transition phases. |
19,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Merging of SAR and optical features for 3D reconstruction in a radargrammetric framework, and key words: Merging, Optical interferometry, Adaptive optics, Optical sensors, Image reconstruction, Image segmentation, Optical scattering, Optical distortion, Shape, Markov random fields. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for the use of both SAR and optical data in a 3D reconstruction process. The SAR data provide height information either by interferometric or radargrammetric process and the optical data provides building shapes. The method is based on a Markov random field defined on a region adjacency graph. The regions are obtained using a segmentation of the optical image. The graph is then fed by the height information (either interferometric or radargrammetric) computed with the SAR data. The Markovian regularization takes height discontinuities into account thanks to an implicit edge process. |
19,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Chinese-English quasi-equivalent noun phrase definition and automatic identification, and key words: Natural languages, Entropy, Machine learning, Data mining, Natural language processing, Statistical analysis, Computational linguistics, Speech, Testing, Information retrieval. Abstract: After an examination of a Chinese-English bilingual corpus with 2239 sentence pairs, a new definition of Chinese noun phrase (NP), quasi-equivalent noun phrase (equNP), is proposed with a goal of translation from Chinese NPs to English NPs. Firstly, all the equNPs in the corpus are tagged manually according to the definition in this paper. A set of part of speech (POS) templates for equNP is automatically acquired. Secondly, all the possible equNPs in a sentence are identified using the templates. These equNPs are the candidates for equNP identification. Finally, a classification process and a chunking process are carried out. In classification process, the correct equNPs are chosen from the candidates set using a maximum entropy classifier which combined POS, syntactic and semantic information. In chunking process, the equNPs in the sentence are finally chosen. On open test set, the precision is 83.75% and recall is 86.50%. |
19,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Learning for Distribution Grid Line Outage and Electricity Theft Identification, and key words: Line outage identification, electricity theft identification, unsupervised learning, smart grid, smart meter. Abstract: The development of smart meters enables situational awareness in electric power distribution systems. The situational awareness provides significant advantages such as line outage and electricity theft detection. This paper aims at using smart meter data to detect these anomalies. To do so, an appropriate cluster-based method as an unsupervised machine learning approach is applied. A stochastic method based on conditional correlation is also proposed to localize the anomalies. It is shown that this can be done by detecting changes in bus connections using present and historical smart meter data. Therefore, network topology inspection can be avoided if the proposed method is applied. A complex mesh grid is used to demonstrate performance of the data-driven anomaly detection approach. The results show that determining the right value of hyper-parameter and adequate features extraction leads to acceptable accuracy. |
19,217 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Evolution of Speech Representations for Affective Computing: A brief history and critical overview, and key words: Emotion recognition, Neuroscience, Speech recognition, Machine learning, Predictive models, Linguistics, Market research, Affective computing, Internet of Things, Entertainment industry, Cultural differences. Abstract: Recent advances in the field of machine learning have shown great potential for the automatic recognition of apparent human emotions. In the era of Internet of Things and big-data processing, where voice-based systems are well established, opportunities to leverage cutting-edge technologies to develop personalized and human-centered services are genuinely real, with a growing demand in many areas such as education, health, well-being, and entertainment. Automatic emotion recognition from speech, which is a key element for developing personalized and human-centered services, has reached a degree of maturity that makes it of broad commercial interest today. However, there are still major limiting factors that prevent a broad applicability of emotion recognition technology. For example, one open challenge is the poor generalization capabilities of currently used feature extraction techniques to interpret expressions of affect across different persons, contexts, cultures, and languages. |
19,218 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Error Estimation Technique for Pruning Approximate Data-Flow Graphs in Design Space Exploration, and key words: Measurement, Smoothing methods, Error analysis, Simulation, Estimation, Libraries, Space exploration. Abstract: In this paper, we present an error estimation and propagation technique which targets high-level design abstraction through considering data-flow graph (DFG) representation of approximate circuits. The proposed technique is utilized for pruning different combinations of exact versus approximate realizations of various operations in the DFG for a design space exploration (DSE) framework. The technique relies on the output error estimation of the arithmetic modules of a high-level library by dividing the input range to intervals and then considering different combinations of these intervals (cluster-based estimation of output error). Additionally, the estimation considers the error of the operands. The error for each combination is stored in a look up table (LUT). The efficacy of the proposed method is assessed for two image processing applications. Simulation results show that the framework can efficiently generate the Pareto frontier in the trade-off space of accuracy versus energy efficiency for the two applications. |
19,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility of using YouTube Conversations for Pair Programming Intent Classification, and key words: Training, Visualization, Video on demand, Bit error rate, Transfer learning, Natural languages, Oral communication. Abstract: Pair programming conversational agents demand vast amounts of data for training. Recently a benchmark dataset of developer-developer and developer-agent pair programming conversations, from lab studies (8,324 utterances) was released for training natural language unit of a pair programming conversational agent. Unfortunately, this dataset is limited to a single domain and language. To investigate if it was feasible to utilize already available pair programming conversations from online video hosting platforms (i.e. YouTube), we collected five Youtube videos (roughly 350 minutes) with 4,822 utterances. We used transformer-based language model BERT to compare the lab studies with online videos. We found that a transfer learning approach, first training BERT on online videos and then fine-tuning with specific developer-agent data, resulted in the best performance. |
19,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Inductive Voltage of Insert HTS Coils Due to Coil Deformation for Ultra-High Magnetic Field Generation, and key words: Coil deformation, equivalent circuit model, HTS magnet, numerical simulation, screening current. Abstract: Some rare earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) magnets have been developed as an “insert” to generate ultra-high magnetic fields in a bore of “outsert” background magnets, mainly owing to their good in-field capabilities to generate high fields. Meanwhile, REBCO ultra-high field magnets are known to have some technical challenges such as screening current-induced stress and the consequent plastic deformation that recently attracts much attention from magnet engineers. The coil geometry deformation not only causes mechanical damage to the REBCO layer but affects the screening current distribution itself. Significant coil deformation may lead to deformation of coil current, which results in additional inductive voltage change of individual coils having differential coil inductance. In this article, we have investigated such extra inductive voltage due to coil configuration deformation using electromagnetic numerical simulation together with deformation finite element analysis. The simulation shows that an insert REBCO magnet for ultra-high magnetic field generation may have a small voltage rise induced by the coil inductance change. It also shows the screening current distribution change due to the coil deformation. |
19,221 | Please write an abstract with title: On Loss Functions and Evaluation Metrics for Music Source Separation, and key words: Measurement, Source separation, Conferences, Music, Benchmark testing, Multiple signal classification, Speech processing. Abstract: We investigate which loss functions provide better separations via benchmarking an extensive set of those for music source separation. To that end, we first survey the most representative audio source separation losses we identified, to later consistently benchmark them in a controlled experimental setup. We also explore using such losses as evaluation metrics, via cross-correlating them with the results of a subjective test. Based on the observation that the standard signal-to-distortion ratio metric can be misleading in some scenarios, we study alternative evaluation metrics based on the considered losses. |
19,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Density of modes for 2D finite photonic crystal structures, and key words: Photonic crystals, Optimized production technology, Geometrical optics, Nonlinear optics, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Refractive index. Abstract: The density of modes for an open cavity constituted by a finite 2D photonic crystal is discussed. Modes depend on the cavity excitation and on the finite transverse and longitudinal confinement introduced by the finite sizes. |
19,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Do learners really have different preferences?, and key words: Education. Abstract: Online courses have very high dropout rates worldwide. Learners are demotivated based on bad learning experiences. While some factors of online courses could be optimized for all learners, e.g. the quality, it is essential to note that a one-size-fits-all environment is not existing. Some learners are comfortable with certain methods while others may not. In the paper, we identified five learner preferences that can be used to adapt teaching methods in online courses. We provide a 10-item questionnaire, validate it based on exploratory factor analysis, and examine whether learners differ in preferences. |
19,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Capacitive Clamp Effect on Power Charging Cords and Plug with EFT Transient Burst Injection, and key words: Couplings, Analytical models, Immunity testing, Generators, Finite element analysis, Clamps, Transient analysis. Abstract: This paper investigates the coupling effect on EFT Burst transient waveform injected via CDN and capacitive clamp described in IEC 61000-4-4 [1]. We first introduce the EFT Burst transient Generator model [2] previously established published with ANSYS Designer, and which has later been adopted into ANSYS Electronics Desktop serving for immunity effect and protection measure analysis. Even though the EFT generator model has been validated with measured waveform and met pulse specification listed in the Standard, the users of ANSYS Electronics Desktop would further like to simulate their design for immunity performance in combination of EFT generator with capacitive injection clamp as test in EMC laboratory. Therefore we investigate the capacitive coupling effect on EFT waveform which injected onto EUT, for example EV charging cables and plugs, via CDN or clamp with the model of coupling network established by utilization of ANSYS Q3D and SIwave. The coupling model also takes into account the transmission line effectivity for accuracy convergence. This study intends to provide an effective simulation model to help electronic engineers enhancing their EMS design capability. |
19,225 | Please write an abstract with title: Hate Speech Dataset from Turkish Tweets, and key words: Social networking (online), Blogs, Software development management, Labeling, Voice activity detection, Technological innovation, Reactive power. Abstract: Today, while the content produced by users on online platforms increases rapidly due to the spread of the internet, hate speech expressions on these platforms also increase similarly. Social media platforms with millions ofusers are especially among the areas where hate speech expressions are shared frequently. Popular social media companies form their own policies within the scope of combating hate speech. However, the size of the data on the internet makes it almost impossible to do this manually. Consequently, especially in recent years, many studies have been conducted on the automatic detection of hate speech. While most of the studies in the literature are on English, there are published studies on hate speech detection in many languages such as German, French, Arabic, Indonesian, Portuguese. One of the main reasons for fewer studies in languages other than English is the smaller number and size of publicly shared hate speech datasets in those languages. There is a similar situation for Turkish. Therefore, within the scope of the study, a hate speech dataset comprising 10,224 Turkish tweets was generated and shared publicly. Tweets were labeled as hate, offensive, and none, and tweets tagged as hate were assigned subclass labels such as ethnic, religious, sexist, and political, which express the type of hate. In the first step of the labeling process, two annotators labeled all tweets separately. In the comparison made after this process, it was seen that the agreement rate in the given labels was 92.5%. Afterwards, the two annotators discussed the tweets they gave different labels by exchanging ideas and increased the agreement rate to 98.4%. For the remaining tweets, the opinion of the third evaluator was sought. After the labeling process, it was seen that the rate of hate speech in the data set was 22.8%. This publicly available data set, which is a first for Turkish in terms of its scope and size, is expected to be an important resource for automatic hate speech detection studies in Turkish. |
19,226 | Please write an abstract with title: A Single-Supply Single-Core Inverse Class-D Digital Power Amplifier with Enhanced Power Back-Off Efficiency Adopting Output Power Scaling Technique, and key words: Power amplifiers, Very large scale integration, Power generation. Abstract: This work presents a current-mode inverse Class-D digital PA (DPA) with enhanced power back-off (PBO) efficiency. The PA adopts extra switches, which allows the scaling in the output voltage swing by half, leading to (theoretically) 6 dB enhancement in PBO efficiency while maintaining (ideally) 100% drain efficiency (DE). Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS, the proposed DPA shows the improvement in DE by ×1.5 at 4.2 dB PBO in comparison with normalized Class-B PA while requiring only one transformer and single-supply voltage. |
19,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Stable multiway circuit partitioning for ECO, and key words: Circuits, Partitioning algorithms, Iterative algorithms, Cost function, Large-scale systems, Permission, Stability criteria, Timing, Degradation, Design engineering. Abstract: We propose a new stable multiway partitioning algorithm, where stability is defined as an additional quality of a partitioning solution. The stability of a partitioning algorithm is an important criterion for a partitioning based placement to achieve timing closure through the repetition of the placement procedure. Given a previous partitioning result P* on an original netlist hypergraph H* and a partially modified netlist hypergraph H, a new cost function with similarity factor is defined to produce a new partition P on H which is similar to the original partition P*. The proposed algorithm is the first approach that quantifies the degree of similarity of a current partition to the original partition using similarity cost. Our goal is to build a new partition in a relatively short run time, whose cut quality is not much degraded from that of the original partition P* while it preserves as much of the previous groupings in P* as possible. The proposed partitioner is especially beneficial to engineering change order (ECO) applications, where partial modifications of a netlist are handled by the incremental methodology in a design iteration cycle. Our approach helps ECO placers maximize the incremental capability since the portions to be re-placed are minimized. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a high quality partition comparable to a state-of-the-art multilevel partitioner hMetis, while many portions of the groupings in the previous partition are preserved in the current partition. The tradeoff between similarity and cut quality with respect to a varying similarity coefficient is also shown. |
19,228 | Please write an abstract with title: High speed max-log-MAP turbo SISO decoder implementation using branch metric normalization, and key words: Iterative decoding, Bit error rate, Energy consumption, Turbo codes, Hardware, Viterbi algorithm, Very large scale integration, Libraries, Communication standards, Wireless communication. Abstract: The authors present a turbo soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder based on max-log maximum a posteriori (ML-MAP) algorithm implemented with sliding window (SW) method. A novel technique based on branch metric normalization is introduced to improve the speed performance of the decoder. The turbo decoder with the proposed technique has been synthesized to evaluate its power consumption and area usage using a 0.18um standard CMOS cell library. It is shown that while power consumption and area usage change slightly with our technique, it achieves up to 58% speed-up compared to a conventional SISO decoder architecture. |
19,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Get in the zone! [zone equipment installation], and key words: Petroleum industry, Safety. Abstract: The first project in the United States that has been designed and constructed utilizing the Zone method of classification and the methods of explosion protection allowed for Zones is a new oil field on the North Slope of Alaska. The Zone method of classification and the Increased Safety (Type e) method of protection for Zone-1 areas are used at this facility. The lack of necessary components, difficulties with wiring methods allowed by NEC Article 505, and the incompatibility of existing wiring methods with the new products have all been experienced. Despite these difficulties, the author is convinced that the Zones are here to stay and will be found to provide a safe and cost-effective installation. However, proof of safer and cheaper installations will have to be determined in the future, after some experience and results have been established with which to make comparisons. Some problems encountered are presented here with solution methods and an indication of some of the holes remaining in the process of design and installation for Zone-rated projects. Recommendations are also made for products and changes to codes and standards required for Zones to be truly viable as a method of design and construction. |
19,230 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel method for computation of periodicity, aperiodicity and pitch of speech signals, and key words: Frequency, Detectors, Detection algorithms, Error analysis, Energy measurement, Speech coding, Oral communication, Educational institutions, Cepstral analysis, Speech analysis. Abstract: The paper presents improvements to our previously proposed algorithm to compute the proportion of periodic and aperiodic energies in speech signals and to estimate the pitch period. Although previously the periodic and aperiodic energies were estimated independently of each other at each frame, a binary decision was made at each of the non-silent channels. We present an extension that replaces the binary decision with a measure of the degree of periodicity and aperiodicity in each channel. Evaluation on synthetic speech-like data shows a better agreement in the estimated SNR and the actual SNR by using this improvement. Moreover, in the task of estimating the SNRs, this method significantly outperforms a method based on cepstral coefficients. When the method is evaluated on a speech database, the periodicity and aperiodicity accuracy increase significantly. The previous pitch detector was prone to committing pitch doubling and pitch halving errors and was unable to detect pitch reliably in weakly periodic regions. Significant changes have reduced the error rate by 28.7%. The pitch detector is also able to detect accurately the pitch of the synthetic speech-like signals and to capture the jitter present in the signals. |
19,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Power Management System for RF Energy Harvester, and key words: Radio frequency, Low voltage, Power demand, Rectennas, Power system management, RF signals, Zigbee. Abstract: Microcomputers mounted on communication modules in IoT devices have low impedance and poor efficiency when the power supply voltage is low. In a weak power supply by energy harvesting, power consumption increases due to deterioration of efficiency at low voltage. Therefore, the DC voltage required to operate the ZigBee module, etc., cannot be obtained, causing a severe problem that startup cannot be performed. To solve the problem, we realized a startup management circuit to cut off the power supply to the ZigBee module until the DC voltage reaches the microcomputer's operating voltage. The proposed system starts at around 2.3 V by using the rectenna operating at 920 MHz band RF signal. |
19,232 | Please write an abstract with title: H2020 OSMOSE PROJECT: Final results of the experimentation phase of industrial Demand Response (DR), and key words: Electric potential, Costs, Modulation, Europe, Power system stability, Automatic voltage control, Demand response. Abstract: In the future of ancillary services for the HV grid Demand Response (DR) could play an important role to ensure grid stability. In a particular use case of the Italian Demo of the H2020 project "Optimal System-Mix Of flexibility Solutions for European electricity" (OSMOSE) congestion resolution service and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) service have been tested from five large industrial loads. Upgrade activities and tests showed how challenging can be to extract flexibility, especially for faster services. The main result of more than three hundred hours of tests is that it seems reasonable to expect the provision of slower services, as congestion management, which could be even further improved by new industrial technologies |
19,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Staple Crop Mapping with Chinese Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-6 satellite images: A case Study in Yanshou County, Heilongjiang Province, China, and key words: Radio frequency, Satellites, Graphical models, Computational modeling, Crops, Computational efficiency, Spatial resolution. Abstract: Classification of staple crops is of significance to acquire the updating information on crop distribution, crop yield and related market storage. In the existing studies, the open accessible satellite images are mostly used, especially for MODIS and Landsat images. However, the coarser spatial resolution cannot accurately depict the crop spatial distributions. Additionally, the classification accuracy is often carried out through some randomly selected pixels or polygons, which might not fully evaluate the classification results. In view of this, this study utilizes the Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-6 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 16 m, to extract crop distributions, which is rarely explored in the literature. Several Experiments are conducted in Yanshou county, where a full-scale field investigation is carried out to collect the validation sample data. Through this rigorous assessment, the crop classification maps are thoroughly evaluated in terms of accuracy and running cost. The results indicate that Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-6 images are qualified to accurately classify the staple crops and the splitting tree number variable for Random Forest model can be set to some mid-value such as 100 on consideration of both accuracy and computational efficiency. |
19,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Band diagram and carrier conduction mechanisms in ZrO/sub 2/ MIS structures, and key words: MISFETs, Current density, Leakage currents. Abstract: Energy-band diagrams and carrier-conduction mechanisms in ZrO/sub 2/ dielectrics were investigated by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and carrier separation measurements for ZrO/sub 2/ /Zr-silicate/Si structures. It was found that the carrier conduction mechanisms in ZrO/sub 2/ layer dominate the leakage current in the ZrO/sub 2/ /Zr-silicate/Si-stacked structure. Furthermore, it was found that the dominant electron conduction mechanism in ZrO/sub 2/ dielectrics is a Poole-Frenkel (P-F) conduction and that the dominant hole conduction mechanism in ZrO/sub 2/ dielectrics is a Fowler-Nordheim conduction. On the basis of the understanding of these carrier conduction mechanisms, it was indicated that the leakage current density in the dielectrics with the P-F conduction mechanism having the small barrier height of 0.8 eV could not be reduced below 1 A/cm/sup 2/ at the operation voltage of 1 V. Furthermore, we suggest that the ultrathin Zr-silicate single layer is a promising candidate gate dielectric material for advanced MISFET having 1-nm effective thickness. |
19,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Controller Design of Negative Pressure Adsorption System for Crawling Robot, and key words: Robots, Adsorption, Photovoltaic systems, Force, Fans, Acceleration. Abstract: In this paper, the control method of the negative pressure adsorption system for crawling robots is designed. Through the logic control raw, the crawling robots can realize the cleaning and inspection of photovoltaic arrays. According to the force characteristics of the crawling robot, the negative pressure value of the negative pressure adsorption system is determined. Then the input and output of the controller is selected to meet the control requirements. Finally, the simulation result shows the effectiveness of the constant-fuzzy controller. |
19,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Translation of Illustration Artist Style Using Sailormoonredraw Data, and key words: Deep learning, Shape, Supervised learning, Moon, Production, Feature extraction, Task analysis. Abstract: The decision to draw requires answers to two questions: what to draw and how to draw. The latter refers to artist style and is an important factor in creating any illustration. In this paper, we propose a novel task, artist style translation, which translates one artist’s illustration into that of another artist style using deep learning. To solve this task in a supervised manner, we created a novel illustration dataset, SailormoonDataset, which consists of more than 2,000 artist’s stylistic illustrations of the same content. In addition, we propose a method based on the Swapping Autoencoder by introducing a new loss function for supervised learning and using multiple images to represent an artist style. We translate the face illustration of Sailor Moon into styles of different artists. By comparing the current results to those of the Swapping Autoencoder, we find that the proposed method successfully achieves the artist style translation. |
19,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Concave 2D Ring Array Transducer for Ultrasound Visual Stimulation of the Brain, and key words: Heating systems, Electrodes, Visualization, Ultrasonic imaging, Transducers, Ultrasonic transducer arrays, Blindness. Abstract: Restoration of vision of blind people has been successful by implanting electrode arrays into the eyes near the retina. However, this method is invasive and may have a chance to cause surgical complications. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies show that ultrasound can be used to stimulate cells on the retina and subsequently stimulate the corresponding parts of the neurons in the brain to produce a perception of vision for certain blind people. Unlike implant of electrodes, ultrasound is non-invasive. In this paper, we studied a concave two-dimensional (2D) ring array transducer to produce high-resolution ultrasound images of objects on the retina to stimulate the brain for a perception of vision. The advantages of using concave 2D ring array transducer (20-MHz frequency or 0.075-mm wavelength, 14-mm outer diameter, 9-mm inner diameter, 18-mm curvature, a pitch of 4 wavelengths, and about 1000 elements) are that the array can fit the eyeballs better in shape, can reduce the number of transducer elements needed due to its curvature, and can avoid the heating to the lens of the eye due to the high ultrasound attenuation of the lens tissues. The high ultrasound frequency used allows a high full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution about 0.147 mm. |
19,238 | Please write an abstract with title: High Performance, Web-Based, Real-Time Telemetry Visualization for Deep Space Mission Support and Operations, and key words: Space vehicles, Mars, Three-dimensional displays, Data visualization, Real-time systems, Trajectory, Telemetry. Abstract: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Mission Control Systems Section and Mobility and Robotic Systems Section have partnered to developed a high-performance telemetry visualization system, based on our mature, web-based, 3D visualization software technology, that provides mission trajectory designers, operations personnel and reconstruction analysts with a highly accurate, re-usable, multi-mission solution to interactively visualize results from Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) simulations, real-time mission test beds, live telemetry streams during critical mission events, such as landing, as well as post-event reconstruction analysis. This work builds on previous mission visualization systems that we have deployed for a variety of flight missions and JPL organizations including NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), NASA’S Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD), NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), JPL’s MoonRise Lunar sample return proposal. JPL’s mission design teams, JPL’s Office of Naval Research tasks, and JPL’s Education and Public Outreach Office. |
19,239 | Please write an abstract with title: Revealing Injection Vulnerabilities by Leveraging Existing Tests, and key words: Pathology, Static analysis, Production, Benchmark testing, Test pattern generators, Open source software, Software engineering. Abstract: Code injection attacks, like the one used in the high-profile 2017 Equifax breach, have become increasingly common, now ranking #1 on OWASP's list of critical web application vulnerabilities. Static analyses for detecting these vulnerabilities can overwhelm developers with false positive reports. Meanwhile, most dynamic analyses rely on detecting vulnerabilities as they occur in the field, which can introduce a high performance overhead in production code. This paper describes a new approach for detecting injection vulnerabilities in applications by harnessing the combined power of human developers' test suites and automated dynamic analysis. Our new approach, Rivulet, monitors the execution of developer-written functional tests in order to detect information flows that may be vulnerable to attack. Then, Rivulet uses a white-box test generation technique to repurpose those functional tests to check if any vulnerable flow could be exploited. When applied to the version of Apache Struts exploited in the 2017 Equifax attack, Rivulet quickly identifies the vulnerability, leveraging only the tests that existed in Struts at that time. We compared Rivulet to the state-of-the-art static vulnerability detector Julia on benchmarks, finding that Rivulet outperformed Julia in both false positives and false negatives. We also used Rivulet to detect new vulnerabilities. |
19,240 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal peer-to-peer energy sharing model for isolated prosumers with hydrokinetic, diesel generator and pumped hydro storage, and key words: Consumer, Diesel Generator, Hydrokinetic, Peer-to-Peer Energy sharing, Pumped Hydro Storage, Prosumers, South Africa.. Abstract: In the present study, an optimal Peer-to-Peer energy sharing model between two small prosumers is developed and simulated in the case of South Africa. For this purpose, a case study of a commercial type prosumer sharing power with a residential prosumer, both on the same premise, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The commercial prosumer owns a small hydrokinetic system operating in combination with a pumped hydro storage while the residential prosumer has a diesel power generator unit. The developed model intends to reduce the total cost of electricity linked to the diesel generator, while optimizing the power exchange process between the two prosumers. Using real data, the developed model has been ran to simulate and analyze the complex coordination between the different power sources, the energy storage and the demands within the proposed system sizing and operation constraints. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the power exchanges can be optimally controlled, resulting in a considerable decrease in the residential prosumer's operation cost which can now rely not only on its diesel generator but also on the power shared by the hydrokinetic and pumped hydro system of the commercial prosumer. |
19,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Bucket-Based Query Rewriting with Disjunctive Data Source, and key words: Mathematics, Computer science. Abstract: Many algorithms for query rewriting using views have been proposed. Most of them are used for rewriting conjunctive queries with conjunctive views only. Only one inverse rule-based rewriting algorithm has been presented to deal with query rewriting with disjunctive views, in which a set of disjunctive inverse rules are created and used to generate the query rewritings. However, there has no been bucket-based algorithm for this issue. In this paper we apply the ideas of the previous bucket-based algorithms to deal with query rewriting using views in the presence of disjunctions in view definitions. We create a set of buckets over either a conjunctive view or a disjunctive view. Specially, when a bucket is over a disjunctive view, we present a method to remove the tuples that are in the view but not required by a given query. The rewritings obtained by our algorithm are contained in the original query. |
19,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent Developments of High Speed Electrical Machine Drive Systems, and key words: Harmonics suppression, Commutation, Error compensation, Control systems, Inverters, Permanent magnets, Topology. Abstract: This paper overviews the current developments of high speed electrical machine drive systems through an extensive survey of different high speed machines, inverter topologies and control strategies. Key issues and challenges of both brushless AC (BLAC) and brushless DC (BLDC) control strategies for high speed permanent magnet (PM) machines, including position detection, digital implementation, current harmonics suppression, and commutation error compensation are highlighted. |
19,243 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simplified Approach to Retrieve the K-Band Microwave Surface Emissivity Under Clear Skies, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Atmospheric modeling, Microwave radiometry, Land surface, Microwave imaging, Earth, Surface treatment. Abstract: Microwave land surface emissivity (MLSE) at the K-band plays a key role in driving geophysical parameters, such as land surface temperature (LST). However, satellite-based MLSE currently is hard to be quickly retrieved in clear skies since the time cost is high in removing atmospheric contributions. In this letter, one clear-sky atmospheric profile dataset, including a wide range of precipitable water vapor (PWV) values, was constructed using the thermodynamic initial guess retrieval database for analyzing numerical relationships between PWV and atmospheric parameters. Then, a simplified algorithm was developed for accurately retrieving instantaneous K-band MLSEs (18.7 and 23.8 GHz) under clear skies, which can significantly save the time of atmospheric correction. The sensitivity analysis shows that PWV is a key factor affecting MLSE estimation at 23.8 GHz, and the brightness temperature (BT) uncertainty has a greater impact on MLSE estimation than LST. In addition, with LST derived from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, BT from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and the ERA5 reanalysis PWV in 2008, the proposed algorithm was, respectively, applied in Europe and the United States for presenting its applicability at a station scale and regional scale. The actual sounding profile and global AMSR-E MLSE product were used as validation datasets. Results indicate that the simplified approach has a good performance with root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) less than 0.02 in the site and regional validations, whereas there are some apparent overestimations in estimating clear-sky MLSEs, especially for 23.8 GHz. We believe that the proposed approach is promising for retrieving other parameters. |
19,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Rice Weed detection method on YOLOv4 convolutional neural network, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Neural networks, Spraying, Manuals, Agriculture, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Aiming at the precise spraying of chemical pesticides on related weeds in precision agriculture, this paper proposes a method to detect 12 kinds of rice weeds by using YOLOv4convolutional neural network. By taking pictures of the natural environment growth in the field, labelImg manual data annotation, and deep learning framework training of Darknet, it has a good effect on weed detection and recognition. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of YOLOv4 model is 97%, the recall rate is 81%, the F1 value is 0.89, the average detection time is 377ms, and the cross merge ratio is 81.86%. Under the same conditions, the mAP value index is 11.6% higher than that of YOLOv3, and the detection time is increased by 11ms. This detection accuracy and detection time meet the needs of precision agriculture, and provide theoretical and technical support for the rapid identification of rice weeds and precise spraying of pesticides by machinery. |
19,245 | Please write an abstract with title: Tailoring of flattened dispersion in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers, and key words: Photonic crystal fibers, Dispersion, Geometry, Finite element methods, Lattices, Optical wavelength conversion, Modal analysis, Silicon compounds, Photonic crystals, Optical control. Abstract: The dispersion properties of large-hole photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are tailored by changing the diameter of the air-holes belonging to the first three rings, in order to obtain fibers with a small effective area and low dispersion values in a wide wavelength range around 1550 nm. Highly nonlinear triangular PCFs with effective area of a few square micrometers, flattened dispersion curve, and zero-dispersion wavelength around 1500 nm have been designed. |
19,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study of Techniques used for Word and Sentence Similarity, and key words: Text categorization, Semantics, Machine learning, Benchmark testing, Natural language processing. Abstract: This study is intended to analyze the methods used to test resemblance of sentences. For many Natural Language Processing applications such as text grouping, information recovery, brief reaction reviewing, machine learning, passage summary and text categorization, measuring resemblance between sentences is a vital activity. In this paper, we classify the approaches to measuring the resemblance of sentences based on the methods implemented into three groups. The most frequently used methods to finding phrase resemblance are word-to-word based, structure-based, and vector-based. Centered on a particular viewpoint, each approach tests the interaction between short texts. Furthermore, to provide a full view of this problem, datasets that are often used as benchmarks for testing techniques in this field are added. Better outcomes are obtained through methods that incorporate more than one viewpoint. In addition, resemblance of sentences is based on the correspondence of their meanings that tests the semantic resemblance between two concepts, words or sentences needs further research. |
19,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid parallel-slant hole collimators for SPECT imaging, and key words: Collimators, Geometry, Image segmentation, Optical imaging, Motion detection, Detectors, Imaging phantoms, Solid modeling, Image reconstruction, Myocardium. Abstract: We propose a new collimator geometry, the hybrid parallel-slant (HPS) hole geometry, to improve sensitivity for SPECT imaging with large field of view (LFOV) gamma cameras. A HPS collimator has one segment with parallel holes and one or more segments with slant holes. The collimator can be mounted on a conventional SPECT LFOV system that uses parallel-beam collimators, and no additional detector or collimator motion is required for data acquisition. The parallel segment of the collimator allows for the acquisition of a complete data set of the organs-of-interest and the slant segments provide additional data. In this work, simulation studies of an MCAT phantom were performed with a HPS collimator with one slant segment. The slant direction points from patient head to patient feet with a slant angle of 30/spl deg/. We simulated 64 projection views over 180/spl deg/ with the modeling of nonuniform attenuation effect, and then reconstructed images using an MLEM algorithm that incorporated the hybrid geometry. It was shown that sensitivity to the cardiac region of the phantom was increased by approximately 50% when using the HPS collimator compared with a parallel-hole collimator. No visible artifacts were observed in the myocardium and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the myocardium walls was improved. Compared with collimators with other geometries, using a HPS collimator has the following advantages: (a) significant sensitivity increase; (b) a complete data set obtained from the parallel segment that allows for artifact-free image reconstruction; and (c) no additional collimator or detector motion. This work demonstrates the potential value of hybrid geometry in collimator design for LFOV SPECT imaging. |
19,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral–Spatial Weighted Kernel Manifold Embedded Distribution Alignment for Remote Sensing Image Classification, and key words: Remote sensing, Kernel, Manifolds, Distortion, Support vector machines, Principal component analysis, Learning systems. Abstract: Feature distortions of data are a typical problem in remote sensing image classification, especially in the area of transfer learning. In addition, many transfer learning-based methods only focus on spectral information and fail to utilize spatial information of remote sensing images. To tackle these problems, we propose spectral-spatial weighted kernel manifold embedded distribution alignment (SSWK-MEDA) for remote sensing image classification. The proposed method applies a novel spatial information filter to effectively use similarity between nearby sample pixels and avoid the influence of nonsample pixels. Then, a complex kernel combining spatial kernel and spectral kernel with different weights is constructed to adaptively balance the relative importance of spectral and spatial information of the remote sensing image. Finally, we utilize the geometric structure of features in manifold space to solve the problem of feature distortions of remote sensing data in transfer learning scenarios. SSWK-MEDA provides a novel approach for the combination of transfer learning and remote sensing image characteristics. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method is more effective than several state-of-the-art methods. |
19,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Faster Curing Ethylene-Silane Copolymer for Wire and Cable Applications, and key words: Polyethylene, Power cables, Wires, Medium voltage, Mechanical cables, Curing, Cable insulation. Abstract: A “faster curing” ethylene-silane copolymer has been designed as an alternative to existing ethylene-silane copolymers or silane grafted polyethylenes. Rapid crosslinking at ambient conditions has been demonstrated with the “faster curing” co-polymer. Even with its enhanced cure characteristics, the “faster curing” co-polymer still exhibits excellent processability during melt extrusion. For applications where blends with non-silane functionalized polymers are desirable (or required), dilution with up to 50% LLDPE has been demonstrated while maintaining acceptable cure rate and extent of crosslinking, and even greater dilution is possible. The “faster curing” copolymer also maintains superior shelf-life stability over Sioplas silane grafted polyethylene. The “faster curing” copolymer is also a suitable alternative to Monosil silane grafted polyethylene and can be provided for use in bulk in addition to traditional boxes and bags. |
19,250 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on On-Line Monitoring Method of Cable Insulation Based on Signal Injection, and key words: Power cables, Power supplies, Power cable insulation, Dielectric losses, Interference, Communication cables, Safety. Abstract: Underground cables are widely used in urban distribution network. The insulation state of cable is related to the safety and reliability of power supply. In this paper, a cable insulation monitoring method based on signal injection is proposed. The low frequency signal is injected and the dielectric loss parameters of the cable are obtained. The insulation state of the cable is reflected by the dielectric loss parameter of the injected signal. Considering the accuracy of the injected signal in cable insulation monitoring, double terminal sampling is adopted. The variational mode decomposition and signal entropy are used to process the sampled signal and extract the injection signal to reduce the noise interference in the sampling signal. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation. |
19,251 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for security on NoC technologies, and key words: Network-on-a-chip, Application software, Computer architecture, Protection, System-on-a-chip, Communication networks, Communication system security, Power system security, Hardware, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: Multiple heterogeneous processor cores, memory cores and application specific IP cores integrated in a communication network, also known as networks on chips (NoCs), will handle a large number of applications including security. Although NoCs offer more resistance to bus probing attacks, power/EM attacks and network snooping attacks are relevant. For the first time, a framework for security on NoC at both the network level (or transport layer) and at the core level (or application layer) is proposed. At the network level, each IP core has a security wrapper and a key-keeper core is included in the NoC, protecting encrypted private and public keys. Using this framework, unencrypted keys are prevented from leaving the cores and NoC. This is crucial to prevent untrusted software on or off the NoC from gaining access to keys. At the core level (application layer) the security framework is illustrated with software modification for resistance against power attacks with extremely low overheads in energy. With the emergence of secure IP cores in the market and nanometer technologies, a security framework for designing NoCs is crucial for supporting future wireless Internet enabled devices. |
19,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Range-based Radar Model Structure Selection, and key words: Transmitters, Radar, Estimation theory, Particle measurements, Frequency estimation, Sensor systems, Numerical models. Abstract: In this work, we study under which circumstances it is appropriate to use simplified models for range determination using radar. Typically, pulsed radar systems result in the backscattered, demodulated, and matched signal having a chirp signal structure, with the frequency rate being related to the range to the reflecting target and the relative velocity of the transmitter and reflector. Far from the target, and at low relative velocities, one may achieve preferable location estimates by neglecting the frequency rate, treating the received signal as being purely sinusoidal, whereas at close range, neglecting the frequency rate notably reduces the achievable performance. Using misspecified estimation theory, we derive a lower bound of the achievable performance when neglecting the true signal structure, and show at which ranges one model is preferable to the other. Numerical results from a mm-wave radar system illustrate the results. |
19,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence based network strength estimation for LCC HVDC, and key words: Voltage measurement, HVDC transmission, Current measurement, Estimation, Europe, Artificial neural networks, Power system stability. Abstract: The dynamic performance and stability of line-commutated converter (LCC) for High-Voltage, Direct Current (HVDC) transmission are dependent upon grid impedance seen by the converter. Its performance can benefit from additional information given by online measurement of grid impedance. With the accelerating transformation of the power systems towards a renewable generation-based one, it is important to include a measure of the amount of nearby voltage controlling devices to the concept of fault level. Another challenge faced by LCC converters is a sudden change in the grid impedance, like the ones experienced after a trip of an important AC network equipment. This paper addresses these challenges by using a more comprehensive concept of network strength which defines fault level accounting nearby voltage controlling devices. The paper also proposes a method to quickly estimate the resulting fault level after a sudden change in grid impedance. The task of network strength estimation is handled by using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Results confirm that the method not only provides a reliable steady-state estimation but also a fast & accurate estimate of the resulting fault level after fault clearing. |
19,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Survey on Image Retrieval Based on Rotation, Translation and Scaling Invariant Features, and key words: Feature extraction, Image retrieval, Visualization, Cameras, Standards organizations, Organizations. Abstract: How to retrieve information from the massive image database in time is a “bottleneck” faced by network information processing in recent years and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. For unstructured image data, we have studied the traditional text-based retrieval method is inefficient, and a content-based image retrieval technique. Compared with standard color, texture and shape features, the image features with the same scale of rotation and translation can get better retrieval results. Therefore, image retrieval based on invariant features has broad research prospects. In this paper, the algorithm of image retrieval based on invariant features is studied. Combined with the principle of integral invariant construction of geometric transformation group and the extraction principle of scale-invariant feature points, two new rotation, translation, and scale-invariant features are presented. That is, the rotation, scaling and translation (RST) invariant feature extraction method and these features are applied to image retrieval. |
19,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Regularized Sparse Modelling for Microarray Missing Value Estimation, and key words: Measurement, Estimation, Learning systems, Gene expression, Bayes methods, Principal component analysis, Filtering. Abstract: The existence of missing values in microarray data inevitably hinders downstream biological analyses that expect complete data as input, therefore how to effectively explore the underlying structure of data to accurately estimate missing entries remains crucial and meaningful. In this study, we formalize the problem under a regularized sparse framework and accordingly propose local learning-based imputation models to capture the relationships that are hidden in gene expression profiles towards better imputation. Specifically, in view of the simultaneous variable selection and grouping effect of the elastic net penalty, we present an elastic net regularized local least squares-based imputation method to estimate the missing entries of a target gene with its neighbors. Besides, we investigate different similarity filtering metrics to select neighbor genes and develop another four imputation methods under the framework. Furthermore, the proposed methods process the target genes in ascending order of their associated missing rates. Finally, extensive comparative experiments against other eight commonly-used methods are conducted on multiple microarray datasets having varying missing rates. Results indicate the power of sparse regularization techniques and the superiority of elastic net over its competitors in terms of statistical analysis metrics. |
19,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of PV System with DC distribution for Rural Electricity, and key words: Resistance, Lead acid batteries, Employee welfare, Electrical engineering, Renewable energy sources, Electric potential, Simulation. Abstract: Indonesia is a tropical country that lies across the equator, this make Solar PV has a huge potential as a primary source of electrical energy. However, PV add up only at 0.34% out of 14.7% of Indonesian renewable energy share. A PV system uses MPPT control technique in order to maximize electrical energy extraction in all specify working condition. In this research, a stand-alone solar PV system with DC distribution system is designed. The Solar PV system is composed of 300 Wp Solar PV panel, MPPT, 24 V/100 Ah lead acid battery, boost converter, full bridge DC converter and DC to AC inverter. The PSIM simulation shown 99.8% of MPPT efficiency. The distribution system is in DC at 339.6 V with the voltage drop across 4 km distribution line accounted for 1.72 V. The inverter output voltage is 220 V with its waveform close to sinusoidal. |
19,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Network Intrusion Detection System in Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks Using Federated Learning, and key words: Satellites, Security, Distributed databases, Prototypes, Denial-of-service attack, Privacy, Network topology. Abstract: The existing satellite-terrestrial integrated networks (STINs) suffer from security and privacy concerns due to the limited resources, poor attack resistance and high privacy requirements of satellite networks. Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is intended to provide a high level of protection for modern network environments, but how to implement distributed NIDS on STINs has not been widely discussed. At the same time, satellite networks have always lacked real and effective security data sets as references. To solve these problems, we propose a distributed NIDS using Federal Learning (FL) in STIN to properly allocate resources in each domain to analyze and block malicious traffic, especially distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Specifically, we first design a typical STIN topology, on the basis of which we collect and design security data sets adapted to satellite and terrestrial networks in STIN, respectively. To address the problem of poor attack resistance of satellite networks, we propose a satellite network topology optimization algorithm to reduce the difficulty in tracing malicious packets due to frequent link switching. In order to solve the problem of limited resources and high privacy requirements of satellite networks, we propose an algorithm for FL adaptation to STIN, and build a distributed NIDS using FL in STIN. Finally, we deploy the designed distributed NIDS in a prototype system and evaluate our proposed distributed NIDS with a large number of simulations of randomly generated malicious traffic. Related results demonstrate that the performance of our approach is better than traditional deep learning and intrusion detection methods in terms of malicious traffic recognition rate, packet loss rate, and CPU utilization. |
19,258 | Please write an abstract with title: Partial CSI based Regularized Zero-Forcing Precoder for Multibeam Satellite Communications toward 6G Networks, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Information and communication technology, Satellite communication, Channel state information, Signal to noise ratio, Convergence. Abstract: Multibeam satellite communications have attracted attention as a potential solution to provide non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) toward 6G systems. In this paper, we study the partial channel state information (CSI) based regularized zero-forcing precoder to lessen the latency and signaling overhead for CSI acquisition while guaranteeing the achievable performance at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. |
19,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning-based Multi-Connectivity Optimization in Cellular Networks, and key words: Deep learning, Cellular networks, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Throughput, Radio access technologies, Reliability, Optimization. Abstract: Multi-connectivity emerges as a useful feature to handle the traffic in heterogeneous cellular scenarios and fulfill the demanding requirements in terms of data rate and reliability. It allows a device to be simultaneously connected to multiple cells belonging to different radio access network nodes from a single or multiple radio access technologies. This paper addresses the problem of optimally splitting the traffic among cells when multi-connectivity is used. For this purpose, it proposes the use of deep learning to determine the optimum amount of traffic of a device that needs to be sent through one or another cell depending on the current traffic and radio conditions. Obtained results reveal a promising capability of the proposed Deep Q Network solution to select quasi optimum traffic splits in the considered scenario. |
19,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Computational Complexity for Optimal Electric Vehicle Schedulings, and key words: Schedules, Processor scheduling, Computational modeling, Aggregates, Optimization methods, Linear programming, Electric vehicle charging. Abstract: This paper proposes a model to aggregate individual electric vehicles (EVs) into virtual EVs, which is called the EV aggregation cluster model (EACM). In addition, a multi-stage optimization method is also proposed to minimize the electricity cost for model buildings. The EACM and proposed multi-stage optimization method reduce the decision variables in an objective function while considering stage-of-charge (SoC) constraints for all individual EVs. As a result, the computational time is reduced and obtained schedules for individual EVs, allows for near minimal cost, which is validated by the simulation. In the simulation, the computational time using the proposed methods are 32% of the conventional method at most. The cost gap between an optimal EV charging schedule and an approximated one obtained by the proposed method is less than 5% regardless of the number of EVs. |
19,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Switching Rule Design for Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter, and key words: Robust control, Total harmonic distortion, Power filters, Robust stability, Prototypes, Switches, Active filters. Abstract: Active Power Filters (APF) dynamically compensate the effects of nonlinear load currents on the current drained from the local utility grid, in order to mitigate its Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). However, the nonlinear aspects of the desired references and the system model are challenging for robust control design. Motivated by the lack of switching rule design methods solving the APF issues, this paper proposes an adaptation and extension to an existing method in order to cope with a class of time-varying nonlinearities and references. The method is based on solving Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions, providing robust stability guarantees. The efficacy of the results are illustrated through numerical simulations based on a real single-phase shunt APF prototype. |
19,262 | Please write an abstract with title: 6.7 A 1.75dB-NF 25mW 5GHz Transformer-Based Noise-Cancelling CMOS Receiver Front-End, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Wireless communication, Power demand, Receivers, Noise cancellation, Solid state circuits, Standards. Abstract: With continuous exploitation of sub-6GHz wireless communication standards and the advent of 5G and 6G, the demand for faster speed and wider coverage keeps evolving. While it is expected to utilize higher working frequency to provide larger bandwidth, lower noise Figure (NF) is also preferred to achieve better sensitivity or wider coverage. A straightforward solution to achieve a low NF is to employ LNA-first architecture; this configuration helps to achieve a sub-2dB NF for frequencies up to 6GHz. However, the Gm-cell does consume extra power [1], [2]. Meanwhile, noise cancellation techniques are widely used to improve the noise performance [3] –[5]. Nevertheless, due to the input parasitic capacitance, the common-source/mixer-first hybrid architecture cannot guarantee a low NF for frequencies above 3GHz [3]. The 1.8dB-NF 5GHz receiver eliminates the noise contribution of its input series inductor but requires a large power consumption $(\sim 100$ mW) [4]. Similar power consumption is needed for the frequency-translational quadrature-hybrid receiver [5]. |
19,263 | Please write an abstract with title: An AI-in-Loop Fuzzy-Control Technique for UAV’s Stabilization and Landing, and key words: Autonomous aerial vehicles, Computational modeling, Sensors, Deep learning, Batteries, Velocity control, Target tracking, Fuzzy control, Stability analysis. Abstract: In this paper, an adaptable fuzzy control mechanism for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to manipulate its mechanical actuators is provided. The mission (landing) for the UAV is defined to track (land on) an object that is detected by a deep learning object detection algorithm. The inputs of the controller are the location and speed of the UAV that have been calculated based on the location of the detected object. Two separate fuzzy controllers are proposed to control the UAV’s motor throttle and its roll and pitch over the mission and landing time. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is an intelligent controller that can be used to compensate for the non-linearity behaviour of the UAV by designing a specific fuzzy rule base. These rules will be utilized to adjust the control parameters during the mission and landing period in runtime. To add the effect of the ground for tuning the FLC membership function over the landing operation, a computational flow dynamic (CFD) modeling has been investigated. The proposed techniques is evaluated on MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform and real environment. Statistical analysis of the UAV location reported during stabilization and landing process, on both simulation and real platform, show that the proposed technique outperforms the similar state-of-art control techniques for both mission and landing control. |
19,264 | Please write an abstract with title: A note on a transformation between two canonical forms in state-space in terms of the eigenvalues of the system matrix, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Nonlinear systems, Nonlinear equations, State-space methods, Mathematics, Educational institutions. Abstract: The eigenvalues of the system matrix are used to construct a matrix which is a transformation in state space between two most frequently used canonical forms. |
19,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Physics and methods of FGTM design, and key words: Physics, Design methodology, Thermoelectricity, Semiconductor materials, Energy conversion, Crystalline materials, Leg, Crystallization, Optimal control, Composite materials. Abstract: Functionally graded thermoelectric material (FGTM) is considered as one of the promising ways to improve the efficiency of thermoelectric energy conversion. Physical peculiarities of FGTM that consist in the use of not only contact, but also bulk thermoelectric effects originating in the inhomogeneous materials are described. The methods for finding optimal inhomogeneity are analyzed. The advantages of optimal control method are demonstrated. Typical examples of using optimal control theory for FGTM design for multi-stage cooling modules, the modules in optimal inhomogeneous magnetic field, singleand multi-stage generator modules are given. Improved efficiency of thermoelectric energy conversion when using FGTM is evaluated. |
19,266 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Secure Access to Distributed Load Resources of Virtual Power Plant based on Virtual Communication Private Network, and key words: Focusing, Virtual power plants, Power grids, Internet, Information and communication technology, Security, Reliability. Abstract: Virtual Power Plant(VPP) is a new generation of intelligent control technology and interactive business model that aggregates and optimizes the clean development of "network source load". Relying on the Internet and modern information and communication technology, it integrates distributed power generation, controllable load, energy storage device and other equipment through fine energy management, so as to solve the consumption of clean energy, realize multi-energy complementarity on the power side and promote flexible interaction on the load side, Building a safe, economic, efficient and reliable power grid provides a new operation scheme. At the same time, how to safely access distributed load resources of VPP has also become an important issue affecting ecological development. Focusing on the communication and security problems of massive load resource access, this paper carries out technical research on demand analysis, overall design, virtual communication private network design and distributed load resource security protection design, It provides a strong guarantee for the continuous and in-depth promotion of virtual power plant business. |
19,267 | Please write an abstract with title: International abstracts, and key words: Abstracts. Abstract: Presents abstracts of selected international papers in the communications industry. |
19,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking Deep Graph Models for Large Molecular Generation, and key words: Drugs, Training, Measurement, Databases, Conferences, Lead, Stability analysis. Abstract: Which molecular generation method is best for large molecular generations? Finding a good lead molecule is an important task in drug discovery. Recently several deep graph generative models have been developed for generating novel molecules that can be further tested for synthesizability in the drug development process. Most of the developed models are trained on small molecules with a maximum length of thirty. However, there is a need for the generation of larger molecules. We tested six recently proposed graph neural network-based molecular generation methods on their large molecular generation performance using two datasets from the LigandBox database, which contain larger molecules than typically used ZINC250k and QM9 datasets. We use twelve evaluation measures to evaluate the quality of the generated molecules, including stability measures such as logP values and QEDs. |
19,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Driving segmentation and recognition phases using multiscale characterization, and key words: Character recognition, Pattern recognition, Image segmentation, Layout, Discrete wavelet transforms, Image edge detection, Wavelet transforms, Image recognition, Image analysis. Abstract: Half way between edge detection and pattern recognition this study aims to characterize singularities in order to build closed edges and to classify objects within an image. |
19,270 | Please write an abstract with title: Topological Behaviors in Networks of Time-Multiplexed Optical Resonators, and key words: Couplings, Optical resonators, Optical fiber networks, Delay lines, Optical coupling, Optical pulses, Photonics. Abstract: We observe topological phenomena in coupled, time-multiplexed optical resonators by mapping topologically nontrivial energy spectra to the network's loss. We detect topological edge states and reconstruct the band structures of noninteracting tight-binding Hamiltonians. |
19,271 | Please write an abstract with title: A Wearable Electrooculogram System with Parallel Motion Artifact Sensing and Reduction, and key words: Electrodes, Wireless communication, Electrooculography, Wireless sensor networks, Transceivers, Sensors, Recording. Abstract: Electrooculogram signal is a well-known physiological metric. Electrooculogram measurements suffer from motion artifact and environmental vibrations. Such artifact are random in nature, may have large dynamic range, and may saturate the overall measurement system output. In this manuscript, we present a single channel, wireless, flexible EOG monitoring system which has capability to reduce motion artifact. The system uses dry non-contact electrodes which makes it mountable with minimal assistance required. The entire EOG system is implemented on a four-layer flexible polyimide substrate, with the EOG acquisition unit on the top layer, noncontact measurement electrodes printed on the bottom layer, circuit ground on the second layer, and active shielding on the third layer. The system uses parallel non-contact electrode pair for EOG signal detection and motion artifact reduction. The battery operated system utilizes only 56 mW of power while using a BLE 5.0 transceiver for wireless EOG data transmission. The system is designed for an effective EOG signal bandwidth of 1 Hz to 40 Hz with an effective signal gain above 35 dB over the signal bandwidth. The capability of the system for motion artifact reduction and EOG detection are experimentally validated. With only 8.75 gram weight the system does not cause any discomfort to the wearer during EOG recording. |
19,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid position/Force control of multi-arm cooperating robots, and key words: Force control, Robot kinematics, Manipulators, Torque control, Orbital robotics, Arm, Equations, FCC, Grippers, Minimization methods. Abstract: This paper extends the theory of hybrid position/force control to the case of multiarm cooperating robots. Cooperation between n robot arms is achieved by controlling each arm such that the burden of actuation is shared between the arms in a non-conflicting way as they control the position of and force on a designated point on an object. The object which may or may not be in contact with a rigid environment, is assumed to be held rigidly by n robot end-effectors. Natural and artificial position and force constraints are defined for a point on the object and two selection matrices are obtained to control the arms. The position control loops are designed based on each manipulator's Cartesian space dynamic equations. In the position control subspace, a feature is provided which allows the robot arms to exert additional forces/torques to achieve compression, tension, or torsion in the object without affecting the execution of the motion trajectories. In the force control subspace, a method is introduced to minimize the total force/torque magnitude square while realizing the net desired force/ torque on the environment. |
19,273 | Please write an abstract with title: On the analysis of /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N frequency synthesizers for high-spectral purity, and key words: Frequency synthesizers, Circuit synthesis, Guidelines, Circuit testing, Linear systems, Bandwidth, Quantization, Phase noise, Circuit noise, Noise shaping. Abstract: Since /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ Fractional-N synthesis is becoming a popular path to synthesizer integration, thorough analysis is mandatory to uncover its pitfalls. Two generic analysis methods for /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N synthesis are presented. The first analysis method is based on linear system theory and provides insight on the fundamental bandwidth limitations imposed by the /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ quantization noise in terms of rms phase error and phase-noise. To swiftly and accurately examine the effect of nonidealities on the spectral purity of the synthesizer, a fast, nonlinear analysis method is developed. Serious in-band noise leakage and reemerging spurious tones can be observed, which are in close correspondence with experimental results. Both methods are applied to distinguish the pros and cons of multistage noise-shaping (MASH) and single-loop /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulators in fractional- N synthesis. Based on the analysis methods, practical circuit design guidelines are compiled, with a focus on monolithic /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N synthesizer design in CMOS with high spectral purity. These circuit design guidelines are applied to design a monolithic /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-controlled fractional-N phased-locked loop in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS that complies to the stringent DCS-1800 cellular specifications, which serves as a test case for experimental verification of the presented analysis methods. |
19,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Slot admittance data at K<inf>a</inf>band, and key words: Admittance, Loss measurement, Testing, Frequency, Linear antenna arrays, Measurement standards, Apertures, Attenuation measurement, Circuits, Scattering. Abstract: Admittance data on transverse edge slots in RG-96/U waveguide can be obtained by a technique called the moving lossy short technique. By this technique the radiation attenuation of a test section of identical slots can be determined. It is then possible to specify both the slot inclination angle and the slot depth of cut required to yield any conductance with in the range of measurements. These data were used to design an experimental 30-slot array with a 25-db Taylor aperture distribution. This array was successful, yielding sidelobes near -23 db. Subsequently, the same data were used in designing an 8-foot array with 432 edge slots having the same aperture distribution. This array had a half-power beamwidth of 14 minutes and sidelobes of the order of -24 db. These results compared favorably with design objectives. |
19,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching objected-oriented systems development to structurally exposed students, and key words: Education, Contamination, Guidelines, Switches, Industrial training, Africa, Educational institutions, Programming profession, Functional programming, Software engineering. Abstract: Paradigm contamination occurs where methods from different system development (SD) paradigms are integrated or combined. We investigate the OO and structural SD approaches and concern ourselves with the question of how paradigm contaminations are avoided when both approaches are taught at tertiary level. By comparing the techniques associated with specific SD approaches, an outline of the particular differences and commonalities that regularly cause paradigm contamination is given. Guidelines to avoid contamination traps are also provided. This is significant to instructors enabling them to make students aware of the possible contamination pitfalls as well as how to avoid them, and as a result enable them to reap the intended benefits of the chosen SD method. |
19,276 | Please write an abstract with title: A low phase noise 10 GHz VCO in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process, and key words: Phase noise, Voltage-controlled oscillators, CMOS process, Varactors, Inductors, Frequency, Inductance, Parasitic capacitance, Tuning, Q factor. Abstract: A fully integrated 10 GHz LC voltage controlled oscillator is presented. The VCO is implemented in 6 metal 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process. The VCO achieves a wide tuning range of 20.1% (10.20 GHz to 12.48 GHz), and provides an output power of -3 dBm, while drawing 22.7 mA from 2.2 V power supply. The measured phase noise is -125.33 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier at 10.3 GHz. The VCO figure of merit is a record low -188 dBc/Hz. |
19,277 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel 3D Non-Stationary Double-RIS-Assisted Channel Model for 6G Wireless Communication Systems, and key words: GBSM, RIS, multi-RIS-assisted, channel statistical properties, joint reflection coefficient design. Abstract: Nowadays, Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is regarded as one of the key technology of the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. However, most of the current researches are based on single RIS. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) double-RIS-assisted geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The channel model also supports the movements of transmitter, receiver, and clusters. For RIS, a new method is proposed for the joint design of reflection coefficients in MIMO channels based on cascaded RISs. In addition, different channel properties in the spatial domain, time domain, and frequency domain are studied to verify the validity and non-stationary properties of the model and explore the improvement of channel performance by double RISs. |
19,278 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal placement of spacecraft sun sensors using stochastic optimization, and key words: Space vehicles, Sun, Stochastic processes, Aerospace electronics, Genetic algorithms, Sensor arrays, Space technology, Business, Constraint optimization, Position measurement. Abstract: The task of determining sun sensor placement on a spacecraft is generally performed manually, based on prior experience and similarity to previous designs. This type of manual process tends to be highly iterative, consumes valuable time and resources, and generally produces sub-optimal results. Because of blockage due to avionics boxes, solar panels, etc., there may be many locations on the spacecraft that are unsuitable as sensor locations. As the complexity of the spacecraft increases, this problem becomes increasingly difficult. This paper explores the solution of the multi-objective optimization problem that includes as constraints minimizing the number of sun sensors, providing continuous 4/spl pi/ steradian coverage, providing multiple sensor field-of-view overlap everywhere, and minimizing sensor blockage. The sun sensor placement problem is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem that cannot be solved to optimality in polynomial time due to the vastness of the solution space. Global search techniques that use a stochastic engine to explore diverse regions of the solution space (such as genetic algorithms) have been employed with great success against such problems. This paper examines the utility of implementing a sun sensor placement optimization tool using a hybrid genetic algorithm. This algorithm combines a genetic algorithm with another stochastic optimization technique known as simulated annealing. A candidate algorithm is presented, used to place sun sensors on a candidate spacecraft, and the results documented. The utility of the algorithm is assessed, and recommendations are made for additional enhancements that would increase algorithm performance and make the algorithm more suitable for actual applications. |
19,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating Diffie-Hellman key exchange into the digital signature algorithm (DSA), and key words: Digital signatures, Protocols, DH-HEMTs, Standards publication, Public key, NIST, Information security, Information processing, Authentication, National security. Abstract: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a series of security standards under Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). Standard for key agreement is still missing in the current standards. Arazi proposed integrating Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange into the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). However, the protocol was attacked by Nyberg et al. We propose three different protocols that securely integrate DH key exchange into DSA for authenticated key distribution. |
19,280 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic resource allocation in 3GPP SIP overlay networks, and key words: Resource management, Intelligent networks, Quality of service, Telecommunication traffic, Protocols, 3G mobile communication, Traffic control, Australia, Signal generators, Standards development. Abstract: The session initiation protocol (SIP) is the IETF alternative for session related signalling. SIP was used in the IP multimedia subsystem of 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) UMTS networks. To be able to guarantee quality of service (QoS) to customers in carrier grade networks it is required to ensure QoS for signalling. Resources provided by the multiservices transport network have to be allocated to the signalling traffic. This paper introduces a methodology that enables dynamic resource allocation (DRA) on the basis of current message numbers. In particular, it can be used to dimension virtual SIP links (VSLs). The paper defines the DRA scheme, outlines its operation and gives simulation results that underline the advantages of dynamic resource allocation. |
19,281 | Please write an abstract with title: Preliminary Assessment of a Novel Intraoral-Tongue Operated Assistive Technology with Computer Interface, and key words: Task analysis, Tongue, Navigation, Performance evaluation, Throughput, Robustness, Wireless communication. Abstract: Assistive Technologies (ATs) are dedicated for the people who have severe physical disabilities to improve the quality of their lives by utilizing the users' remaining abilities, such as head and eyeball movements. A novel intra-oral tongue operated assistive technology, called intraoral tongue drive system (iTDS), has been proposed to help the users live more independently. The latest iTDS is a stand-alone version by implementing the advanced signal processing algorithm to process the tongue commands locally and send out to the target devices, such as a personal computer. In this paper, the focus is the preliminary assessment of the stand-alone iTDS (s-iTDS). Four able-bodied subjects joined the study. Each subject completed two computer accessing tasks, center-out tapping and maze navigation, using s-iTDS for 5 sessions in total. The evaluation was compared with the previous TDS versions, including external TDS (eTDS) and multi-modal TDS (mTDS), and the golden standard, keyboard & mouse (KnM) combinations. The throughput of the center-out tapping task was reported as 2.23 bps using the latest s-iTDS, more than two times higher than the results of eTDS and mTDS. The error rate and miss target rate are 22.5% and 13.76%, respectively, demonstrating better performance among the presented TDS. In terms of the maze navigation task, 1.78 bps throughput was reported with s-iTDS. |
19,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-junction cells with monolithic bypass diodes, and key words: Schottky diodes, Photovoltaic cells, Electric breakdown, Silicon, Voltage, Leakage current, Protection, Costs, Qualifications, Manufacturing. Abstract: Bypass diodes are attached electrically parallel (but with opposite polarity) to solar cells such that when the cells are reverse biased, the bypass diodes are forward biased, passing current and preventing the cells from going into reverse breakdown. For III-V single and multi-junction space cells, discrete silicon bypass diodes have typically been used. In this paper, we present a monolithic bypass diode, grown on top of the III-V solar cell. The bypass diode is of opposite polarity to the cell, but electrically parallel to the cell. The advantage of the monolithic diode over the discrete diode is the reduction in interconnects and handling required during the interconnecting of cells into strings. We present performance, reliability, and space qualification results for the monolithic bypass diode. Of particular importance are the diode reverse bias leakage current and the forward bias turn-on voltage. Large area (/spl sim/30 cm/sup 2/) cell/monolithic diodes with efficiencies of 28% have been made. |
19,283 | Please write an abstract with title: On COVID-19 Prediction Using Asynchronous Federated Learning-Based Agile Radiograph Screening Booths, and key words: COVID-19, Deep learning, Privacy, Predictive models, Collaborative work, Data models, Internet of Things. Abstract: To combat the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread, the adoption of technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT) and deep learning is on the rise. However, the seamless integration of IoT devices and deep learning models for radiograph detection to identify the presence of glass opacities and other features in the lung is yet to be envisioned. Moreover, the privacy issue of the collected radiograph data and other health data of the patients has also arisen much concern. To address these challenges, in this paper, we envision a federated learning model for COVID-19 prediction from radiograph images acquired by an X-ray device within a mobile and deployable screening resource booth node (RBN). Our envisioned model permits the privacy-preservation of the acquired radiograph by performing localized learning. We further customize the proposed federated learning model by asynchronously updating the shallow and deep model parameters so that precious communication bandwidth can be spared. Based on a real dataset, the effectiveness of our envisioned approach is demonstrated and compared with baseline methods. |
19,284 | Please write an abstract with title: A Privacy-Enhanced Multiarea Task Allocation Strategy for Healthcare 4.0, and key words: Task analysis, Data privacy, Medical services, Data models, Servers, Blockchains, Hospitals. Abstract: The continuous development of Healthcare 4.0 has brought great convenience to people. Through the Internet of Things technology, doctors can analyze patients’ health data and make timely diagnosis. However, behind the high efficiency, the mobile crowdsensing technology used for data transmission still has the risk of leaking the privacy of task and patient information. To this end, this article proposes a privacy-enhanced multi-area task assignment strategy, named PMTA. Specifically, we use deep differential privacy to add noise to patient data, and then put the noise-added dataset into a deep Q-network for training, combined with a spectral clustering algorithm, to obtain an optimal classification strategy. Further, in order to address the problem of data silos, we adopt federated learning to jointly train the classification models of different hospitals to obtain a global model and realize data sharing among different hospitals. Finally, we use the optimal classification of patients for task deployment on the blockchain, and limit patients to only apply for tasks of the corresponding level through the smart contract technology, so as to protect task privacy. Experimental results show that our strategy can not only effectively protect task and patient privacy, but also achieve better system performance. |
19,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless LAN access point placement using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, and key words: Wireless LAN, Genetic algorithms, Process planning, Intelligent systems, Paper technology, Data analysis, Local area networks, Computer networks, Throughput, Costs. Abstract: This paper presents the use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) for solving an access point placement problem in a wireless LAN. The aim is to maximize signal coverage over the interested area. The problem has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the decision variables are derived from the locations of the access points in the target area. The objectives consist of the number of access points and the average SNR over the whole area. The major advantage of using MOGA is that multiple optimal placement configurations for different numbers of access points can be obtained from a single run. A set of solutions provides more alternatives to the network designer. The simulation results indicate that the MOGA is capable of generating a placement result which is superior to that produced using standard placement techniques. In addition, the result assessment has been confirmed using statistical and analyzed data profile. |
19,286 | Please write an abstract with title: On linear filtering capabilities of 1-D CNNs with minimum-size templates, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Cellular neural networks, Filtering, Transfer functions, Nonlinear filters, Frequency, Discrete transforms, Bandwidth, Image processing, Equations. Abstract: In this paper we investigate the linear filtering capabilities of the standard cellular neural network in the general case of non-symmetric templates. We refer to 1D Cellular Neural Networks (CNN's) with templates of minimum size (1/spl times/3). A detailed analysis of the spatial transfer function is made, emphasizing the useful filtering functions that can be obtained. We present an approach from a designer's point of view, establishing a set of relations to be satisfied by the template parameters, in order to obtain the desired filtering function with specified characteristics - central frequency, bandwidth, selectivity. Symmetric templates are treated as a particular case. For each type of filtering the characteristics are shown and simulation results are presented as well. |
19,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Voting Classification Method for Vehicle Number Plate Detection, and key words: Image quality, Support vector machines, Tools, Classification algorithms, Optical character recognition software, Mathematical model, Automobiles. Abstract: The massive growth in the number of vehicles has been noticed over the past few decades with the increase in population all over the world. Therefore, tracking of vehicles depending upon the number plates is crucial to guarantee the control of vehicular traffic in competent manner. Most of the image details are lost or image quality gets degraded as a result of complex or noisy content in images. The nonconsistency of processes cause degradation which in turn affects the image quality. The car number plate detection has various phases which are pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. For the purpose of voting classification, we have used a unique combination of classifiers. The voting classification introduced in this work for the number plate detection is the combination of SVM and RF classification model. The MATLAB has been used for the evaluation of the proposed model. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed with respect to accuracy, precision and recall. The proposed algorithm gives accuracy up to 95 percent for the car number plate detection in various conditions. Similar observations have been noticed with the Precision and the Recall that goes up to 91.81 percent and 95.45 percent respectively. |
19,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation affects response time in decision-making tasks, and key words: Visualization, Cerebral cortex, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Decision making, Time factors, Task analysis, Neurotechnology. Abstract: In this study, we investigate how excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can influence decision speed in the task of classifying ambiguous visual patterns. 30 healthy volunteers were divided into 2 groups. During two experimental sessions they classified ambiguous Necker cubes. Before the second experimental session, stimulation of the area of the cerebral cortex, which is related to decision-making, was performed. One group received sham stimulation; the other group was stimulated with repetitive TMS (rTMS) for 3 minutes at a frequency of 10 Hz. As a result: the rTMS group significantly (p<0.05) improved their performance in the second session by 0.052 seconds [95%CI - 0.085, -0.005]; the sham group did not improve their result significantly (p=0.844). |
19,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Could early visual processes be sufficient to label motions?, and key words: Biological information theory, Biological system modeling, Neurons, Layout, Evolution (biology), Fires, Image recognition, Delay, Brain modeling, Data mining. Abstract: Biological motion recognition refers to our ability to recognize a scene (motion or movement) based on the evolution of a limited number of points acquired for instance with a motion capture tool. Much work has been done in this direction showing how it is possible to recognize actions based on these points. Following the reference work of Giese and Poggio (2003), we propose an alternative approach to extract such points from a video based on spiking neural networks with rank order coding. We use some recent results of Thorpe et al. (2001), who claim that the neural information is coded by the relative order in which these neurons fire. This allows selecting a limited set of relevant points to be used in the motion classification. Several experiments and comparisons with previous work are proposed. The result of these simulations is that information from early visual processes appears to be sufficient to classify biological motion. |
19,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Complex-Valued Neural Networks for Polarimetric Sar Segmentation Using Pauli Representation, and key words: Image segmentation, Neural networks, Spatial coherence, Radar, Apertures, Information filters, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: In the context of a growing popularity of Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN) for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PoISAR) applications, the input features often play a central role in classification and segmentation tasks. The socalled coherency matrix, widely used in the radar community, might limit the full potential of CVNNs. Particularly, complex-valued Pauli representation contains richer information than the coherency matrix. And the spatial coherent/local summation can also be performed by the first convolutional layers of CVNN. Letting this network learn itself the filters weights will further enhance its performance. In this paper, we propose a Complex-Valued Fully Convolutional Neural Network (CV-FCNN) which directly infers on the Pauli vector representation rather than on the coherency matrix to perform PolSAR image segmentation. The performance of CV-FCNN is then statistically evaluated on Bretigny PolSAR dataset and compared against an equivalent real-valued model. |
19,291 | Please write an abstract with title: WDMD 2021 Workshop Keynotes, and key words: Software, Software systems, Software reliability, Computer bugs, Autonomous systems, Safety, Fuzzing. Abstract: Provides an abstract for each of the keynote presentations and may include a brief professional biography of each presenter. The complete presentations were not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. |
19,292 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Similarity Theory to the Characteristics of Laminar Plasma Torch With Pure Nitrogen, and key words: Plasma jets, Nitrogen, Anodes, Employee welfare, Conductivity. Abstract: Because of the complex generation process, the jet characteristics of laminar plasma torch were always studied by experiments at present. In order to reduce the experimental costs and the workloads, the similarity theory is a good method to study the characteristics of the laminar plasma jet. Thus, with some experimental results under specified conditions, the relationships between the characteristics and the working parameters have been obtained to predict the characteristics with other specified working parameters. Compared with the experimental results, the theoretical arc voltage characteristics, thermal efficiency characteristics, and jet lengths characteristics coincided with the experimental ones with a difference lower than 2%, 2.5%, and 8%, respectively. |
19,293 | Please write an abstract with title: New technology to monitor blind areas near surface mining equipment, and key words: Monitoring, Mining equipment, Alarm systems, Accidents, Occupational safety, Laboratories, Radar detection, Global Positioning System, System testing, Prototypes. Abstract: The lack of visibility near large earthmoving equipment resulted in six fatalities in US surface mining operations during 2002. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, have evaluated off-the-shelf proximity warning systems that sense obstacles and changes in terrain near such equipment and provide an alarm to the operator. Limitations of these existing systems have necessitated the development of new systems designed specifically for large equipment. A summary of this new technology is presented and includes a description of newly available radar and electronic tag detection systems, a prototype GPS-based proximity warning system, and a computer-assisted stereovision system. |
19,294 | Please write an abstract with title: 10 Years of Technical Debt Research and Practice: Past, Present, and Future, and key words: Special issues and sections, Software development management, Costs, Finance, Planning, Software design. Abstract: Delivering increasingly complex software-reliant systems demands better ways to manage the long-term effects of short-term expedients. The technical debt (TD) metaphor has gained significant traction as a way to understand and communicate such issues. Almost 25 years after the term was coined in 1992 by Ward Cunningham, and more than 10 years after the first edition of the TechDebt workshop/conference series, we take a brief look at the past, present, and future of TD. |
19,295 | Please write an abstract with title: An Autonomous Hand Hygiene Tracking Sensor System for Prevention of Hospital Associated Infections, and key words: Hospitals, Sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Wireless communication, Logic gates, Servers, Monitoring. Abstract: Hospital associated infection (HAI) can lead to serious medical issues in healthcare systems, which is a major concern in the recent era. Hand hygiene is considered as an effective measure to prevent cross infections in hospital environments. Research efforts in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) can provide reliable edge-based solutions in hospitals to prevent HAI by adopting sensing, networking, and computing technologies. In this paper, we present a prototype for autonomous hand hygiene tracking combining different IoT technologies, which can be applied in healthcare environments to monitor hand hygiene activities and better prevent HAIs. The system can record hand-washing activities and provide prompt feedback if the hand-washing is not performed as required using wearable devices and smart dispensers. Collected data are transferred to a gateway via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Long Range (LoRa) wireless technologies for long-range network coverage. The hand-washing data are processed at the edge of the network (i.e., router and gateway) to provide low-latency feedback. The data can also be forwarded to a cloud server for storage, analysis, and visualization. The proposed hand hygiene tracking prototype has been tested and evaluated under different scenarios in a mock ward, demonstrating its applicability in hospital environments. |
19,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Glow-Discharge Plasma Reactor with Variation of Cathode Shapes for Water Treatment, and key words: Cathodes, Glow discharges, Plasmas, Inductors, Electric fields, Shape. Abstract: Water demand will increase every year as human populations on this planet. The availability of freshwater resources is diminishing in response to increasing environmental pollution and destruction. Plasma technology is one effective way to treat water, because plasma technology can break down organic pollution in water and do not generate second pollutant. Therefore, in this study will design a plasma generator from a direct current voltage source and a plasma reactor with variation of cathode shapes. This research also analyzes the effect of variations in cathode shapes on the voltage and methylene blue solution. Plasma generator is made from a simple equipment using a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) driver and a fly back transformer. Plasma reactor is made based on glow discharge with three different forms of cathode end, namely sharp end, flat end, and rounded end. The results show that the sharp end can be used to produce glow discharge faster and the input voltage used to form a glow discharge is smaller than the other. The rounded end will clear the methylene blue solution faster than the other end. The rounded end also can reduce absorbance better than the other end in the same time. |
19,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and simulation of various hybrid electric configurations of the high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV), and key words: Hidden Markov models, Fuel economy, Hybrid electric vehicles, Vehicle dynamics, Acceleration, Intelligent vehicles, Renewable energy resources, Laboratories, Testing, Engines. Abstract: Although hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been studied mainly with the aim or increasing fuel economy, little has been done in order to improve both fuel economy and performance. However, vehicular dynamic performance characteristics such as acceleration and gradeability are of prime importance in military vehicles such as the high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). This paper is concentrated on the models that describe hybridized HMMWV vehicles and the simulation results or those models. Parallel and series configurations have been modeled using the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Both a retrofit approach and a constant power approach have been tested and the results are compared to the conventional model results. In addition, the effects of using smaller engines than the existing ones in hybrid HMMWV drive trains have been studied and the results are compared to the data collected from an actual implementation or such a vehicle. Moreover, the integrated starter/alternator (ISA) configuration has been considered and the results were encouraging. |
19,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Taxonomy of Inline Code Comment Smells, and key words: Java, Analytical models, Codes, Bibliographies, Conferences, Taxonomy, Software quality. Abstract: Code comments play a vital role in source code comprehension and software maintainability. It is common for developers to write comments for explaining a code snippet. However, low-quality comments can have a detrimental effect on software quality or be ineffective for code understanding. This study aims to create a taxonomy of inline code comment smells and determine how commonly each smell type occurs in software projects. We conducted a multivocal literature review for defining the initial taxonomy of inline comment smells. Afterward, we manually labeled 899 inline comments from three open-source Java projects. We created a taxonomy of 11 inline code comment smell types and found out that the smells exist in practice with varying degrees. |
19,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on attitude control strategy of Two-DOF helicopter based on LabVIEW, and key words: Couplings, State feedback, PI control, Conferences, Helicopters, Programming, Real-time systems. Abstract: In order to achieve fast and stable control of a Two-DOF helicopter, a state feedback control method based on the LabVIEW platform implementation has been designed for the problem of high coupling of the helicopter that cannot be solved by the traditional PID controller. Based on the mechanical structure model of the helicopter system, the dynamics model of this control system in the pitch and yaw directions is established. Considering the obvious coupling characteristics of the system, the state feedback controller has been designed using the LQR control strategy. Finally, the flexible online programming method of LabVIEW platform has been used to realise the real-time and effective tracking of the pitch and yaw angles of the Two-DOF helicopter. The experimental results show that the signal tracking performance and decoupling performance of the LQR controller are good and can basically meet the performance requirements of the system. |
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